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Hirose S, Satake A. Theoretical analyses for the evolution of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emission strategy. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11548. [PMID: 38983701 PMCID: PMC11231942 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) as signaling molecules, playing a crucial role in inducing resistance against herbivores. Neighboring plants that eavesdrop on BVOC signals can also increase defenses against herbivores or alter growth patterns to respond to potential risks of herbivore damage. Despite the significance of BVOC emissions, the evolutionary rationales behind their release and the factors contributing to the diversity in such emissions remain poorly understood. To unravel the conditions for the evolution of BVOC emission, we developed a spatially explicit model that formalizes the evolutionary dynamics of BVOC emission and non-emission strategies. Our model considered two effects of BVOC signaling that impact the fitness of plants: intra-individual communication, which mitigates herbivore damage through the plant's own BVOC signaling incurring emission costs, and inter-individual communication, which alters the influence of herbivory based on BVOC signals from other individuals without incurring emission costs. Employing two mathematical models-the lattice model and the random distribution model-we investigated how intra-individual communication, inter-individual communication, and spatial structure influenced the evolution of BVOC emission strategies. Our analysis revealed that the increase in intra-individual communication promotes the evolution of the BVOC emission strategy. In contrast, the increase in inter-individual communication effect favors cheaters who benefit from the BVOCs released from neighboring plants without bearing the costs associated with BVOC emission. Our analysis also demonstrated that the narrower the spatial scale of BVOC signaling, the higher the likelihood of BVOC evolution. This research sheds light on the intricate dynamics governing the evolution of BVOC emissions and their implications for plant-plant communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Hirose
- Graduate School of Systems Life SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Bellucci M, Mostofa MG, Weraduwage SM, Xu Y, Abdelrahman M, De Gara L, Loreto F, Sharkey TD. The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e617. [PMID: 38973810 PMCID: PMC11227114 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon, is typically emitted from the leaves of many plant species. Given its well-known function in plant growth and defense aboveground, we examined its effects on root physiology. We used isoprene-emitting (IE) lines and a non-emitting (NE) line of Arabidopsis and investigated their performance by analyzing root phenotype, hormone levels, transcriptome, and metabolite profiles under both normal and salt stress conditions. We show that IE lines emitted tiny amounts of isoprene from roots and showed an increased root/shoot ratio compared with NE line. Isoprene emission exerted a noteworthy influence on hormone profiles related to plant growth and stress response, promoting root development and salt-stress resistance. Methyl erythritol 4-phosphate pathway metabolites, precursors of isoprene and hormones, were higher in the roots of IE lines than in the NE line. Transcriptome data indicated that the presence of isoprene increased the expression of key genes involved in hormone metabolism/signaling. Our findings reveal that constitutive root isoprene emission sustains root growth under saline conditions by regulating and/or priming hormone biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms and expression of key genes relevant to salt stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bellucci
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ToleranceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionThe National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IPSP)Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Hering N, Schmit AC, Herzog E, Corbin LT, Schmidt-Speicher L, Ahrens R, Fauconnier ML, Nick P. Spearmint targets microtubules by (-)-carvone. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae151. [PMID: 38994449 PMCID: PMC11237191 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy can provide sustainable alternatives to herbicides because it is based on specific signals rather than generic toxicity. We show that the allelopathic activity of Spearmint and Watermint is linked with their main compounds, (-)-carvone and (+)-menthofuran, both deriving from (-)-limonene. Germination of Poppy and Cress, and root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana are inhibited by very low concentrations of (-)-carvone, acting even through the gas phase. (+)-Menthofuran is active as well, but at lower efficacy. Using fluorescently tagged marker lines in tobacco BY-2 cells and Arabidopsis roots, we demonstrate a rapid degradation of microtubules and a remodeling of actin filaments in response to (-)-carvone and, to a milder extent, to (+)-menthofuran. This cytoskeletal response is followed by cell death. By means of a Root Chip system, we can follow the tissue dependent response of the cytoskeleton and show a cell-type dependent gradient of sensitivity between meristem and distal elongation zone, accompanied by programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hering
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences (JKIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Anne-Catherine Schmit
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Louis-Thibault Corbin
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Leona Schmidt-Speicher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ralf Ahrens
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | | | - Peter Nick
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences (JKIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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Dai J, Wang M, Yin H, Han X, Fan Y, Wei Y, Lin J, Liu J. Integrating GC-MS and comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that TsERF66 promotes the biosynthesis of caryophyllene in Toona sinensis tender leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378418. [PMID: 38872893 PMCID: PMC11171135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The strong aromatic characteristics of the tender leaves of Toona sinensis determine their quality and economic value. Methods and results Here, GC-MS analysis revealed that caryophyllene is a key volatile compound in the tender leaves of two different T. sinensis varieties, however, the transcriptional mechanisms controlling its gene expression are unknown. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed significant enrichment of terpenoid synthesis pathway genes, suggesting that the regulation of terpenoid synthesis-related gene expression is an important factor leading to differences in aroma between the two varieties. Further analysis of expression levels and genetic evolution revealed that TsTPS18 is a caryophyllene synthase, which was confirmed by transient overexpression in T. sinensis and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, we screened an AP2/ERF transcriptional factor ERF-IX member, TsERF66, for the potential regulation of caryophyllene synthesis. The TsERF66 had a similar expression trend to that of TsTPS18 and was highly expressed in high-aroma varieties and tender leaves. Exogenous spraying of MeJA also induced the expression of TsERF66 and TsTPS18 and promoted the biosynthesis of caryophyllene. Transient overexpression of TsERF66 in T. sinensis significantly promoted TsTPS18 expression and caryophyllene biosynthesis. Discussion Our results showed that TsERF66 promoted the expression of TsTPS18 and the biosynthesis of caryophyllene in T. sinensis leaves, providing a strategy for improving the aroma of tender leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
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Dong Y, Wei Z, Zhang W, Li J, Han M, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. LaMYC7, a positive regulator of linalool and caryophyllene biosynthesis, confers plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae044. [PMID: 38623075 PMCID: PMC11017519 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Linalool and caryophyllene are the main monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds in lavender; however, the genes regulating their biosynthesis still remain many unknowns. Here, we identified LaMYC7, a positive regulator of linalool and caryophyllene biosynthesis, confers plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. LaMYC7 was highly expressed in glandular trichomes, and LaMYC7 overexpression could significantly increase the linalool and caryophyllene contents and reduce susceptibility to P. syringae in Nicotiana. In addition, the linalool possessed antimicrobial activity against P. syringae growth and acted dose-dependently. Further analysis demonstrated that LaMYC7 directly bound to the promoter region of LaTPS76, which encodes the terpene synthase (TPS) for caryophyllene biosynthesis, and that LaTPS76 was highly expressed in glandular trichomes. Notably, the LaMYC7 promoter contained hormone and stress-responsive regulatory elements and responded to various treatments, including ultraviolet, low temperature, salt, drought, methyl jasmonate, and P. syringae infection treatments. Under these treatments, the changes in the linalool and caryophyllene contents were similar to those in LaMYC7 transcript abundance. Based on the results, LaMYC7 could respond to P. syringae infection in addition to being involved in linalool and caryophyllene biosynthesis. Thus, the MYC transcription factor gene LaMYC7 can be used in the breeding of high-yielding linalool and caryophyllene lavender varieties with pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ziling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meixian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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Liu Z, Wang M, Wu M, Yu X, Sun Q, Su C, Sun Y, Cao S, Niu N, Chen L. A sensitive coumarin fluorescence sensor designed for isoprene detection and imaging research in plants. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115998. [PMID: 38176254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The release of isoprene by plants is considered to be an adaptation to the environment. Herein, a highly selective coumarin fluorescent probe (DMIC) was designed for detecting isoprene. When isoprene came into contact with the maleimide of DMIC, an electrophilic addition process took place. The powerful push-pull effect of DMIC was disrupted. Simultaneously, intramolecular charge transfer was initiated. This enabled DMIC to achieve rapid detection of isoprene within 5 min. Furthermore, excellent linearity was observed in the concentration range of 1-560 ppm (R2 = 0.996). A limit of detection is 1.6 ppm. DMIC was applied to in vitro studies of plant release of liberated isoprene. By monitoring the release of isoprene from different tree species throughout the day, the dynamics of isoprene release from plants throughout the day have been successfully revealed. In addition, the release of isoprene varied considerably among different tree species. In particular, the biocompatibility of DMIC allowed for the in vivo detection of isoprene using fluorescence imaging. The results successfully revealed the dynamics of isoprene release in plants under stress. The amount of isoprene that a plant produced increased with the severity of the stress it experienced. This suggested that the level of isoprene content in plants could be used as a preliminary indicator of the physiological health status of plants. This research demonstrates great potential for clarifying signal transduction in biological systems. It provided ideas for further understanding the biology of isoprene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueling Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qijun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chenglin Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yining Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Kong CH, Li Z, Li FL, Xia XX, Wang P. Chemically Mediated Plant-Plant Interactions: Allelopathy and Allelobiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:626. [PMID: 38475470 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant-plant interactions are a central driver for plant coexistence and community assembly. Chemically mediated plant-plant interactions are represented by allelopathy and allelobiosis. Both allelopathy and allelobiosis are achieved through specialized metabolites (allelochemicals or signaling chemicals) produced and released from neighboring plants. Allelopathy exerts mostly negative effects on the establishment and growth of neighboring plants by allelochemicals, while allelobiosis provides plant neighbor detection and identity recognition mediated by signaling chemicals. Therefore, plants can chemically affect the performance of neighboring plants through the allelopathy and allelobiosis that frequently occur in plant-plant intra-specific and inter-specific interactions. Allelopathy and allelobiosis are two probably inseparable processes that occur together in plant-plant chemical interactions. Here, we comprehensively review allelopathy and allelobiosis in plant-plant interactions, including allelopathy and allelochemicals and their application for sustainable agriculture and forestry, allelobiosis and plant identity recognition, chemically mediated root-soil interactions and plant-soil feedback, and biosynthesis and the molecular mechanisms of allelochemicals and signaling chemicals. Altogether, these efforts provide the recent advancements in the wide field of allelopathy and allelobiosis, and new insights into the chemically mediated plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Li Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xia
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Chiang CY, Chang CH, Tseng TY, Nguyen VAT, Su PY, Truong TTT, Chen JY, Huang CC, Huang HJ. Volatile Compounds Emitted by Plant Growth-Promoting Fungus Tolypocladium inflatum GT22 Alleviate Copper and Pathogen Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:199-215. [PMID: 37951591 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the intricate interactions between plants and microorganisms have revealed that fungal volatile compounds (VCs) can affect plant growth and development. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these actions remain to be delineated. In this study, we discovered that VCs from the soilborne fungus Tolypocladium inflatum GT22 enhance the growth of Arabidopsis. Remarkably, priming Arabidopsis with GT22 VCs caused the plant to display an enhanced immune response and mitigated the detrimental effects of both pathogenic infections and copper stress. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis seedlings treated with GT22 VCs for 3, 24 and 48 h revealed that 90, 83 and 137 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. The responsive genes are known to be involved in growth, hormone regulation, defense mechanisms and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we observed the induction of genes related to innate immunity, hypoxia, salicylic acid biosynthesis and camalexin biosynthesis by GT22 VCs. Among the VCs emitted by GT22, exposure of Arabidopsis seedlings to limonene promoted plant growth and attenuated copper stress. Thus, limonene appears to be a key mediator of the interaction between GT22 and plants. Overall, our findings provide evidence that fungal VCs can promote plant growth and enhance both biotic and abiotic tolerance. As such, our study suggests that exposure of seedlings to T. inflatum GT22 VCs may be a means of improving crop productivity. This study describes a beneficial interaction between T. inflatun GT22 and Arabidopsis. Our investigation of microorganism function in terms of VC activities allowed us to overcome the limitations of traditional microbial application methods. The importance of this study lies in the discovery of T. inflatun GT22 as a beneficial microorganism. This soilborne fungus emits VCs with plant growth-promoting effects and the ability to alleviate both copper and pathogenic stress. Furthermore, our study offers a valuable approach to tracking the activities of fungal VC components via transcriptomic analysis and sheds light on the mechanisms through which VCs promote plant growth and induce resistance. This research significantly advances our knowledge of VC applications and provides an example for further investigations within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yun Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Han Chang
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yun Tseng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Van-Anh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tu-Trinh Thi Truong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Faculty of Technology, The University of Danang-Campus in Kontum, The University of Danang, 704 Phan Dinh Phung Street, Kontum City, Kontum Province, 580000 Vietnam
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Chih Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang Q, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Jin B, Wang L. Functions of Representative Terpenoids and Their Biosynthesis Mechanisms in Medicinal Plants. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1725. [PMID: 38136596 PMCID: PMC10741589 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the broadest and richest group of chemicals obtained from plants. These plant-derived terpenoids have been extensively utilized in various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals. Several specific terpenoids have been identified and isolated from medicinal plants, emphasizing the diversity of biosynthesis and specific functionality of terpenoids. With advances in the technology of sequencing, the genomes of certain important medicinal plants have been assembled. This has improved our knowledge of the biosynthesis and regulatory molecular functions of terpenoids with medicinal functions. In this review, we introduce several notable medicinal plants that produce distinct terpenoids (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Artemisia annua, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ginkgo biloba, and Taxus media). We summarize the specialized roles of these terpenoids in plant-environment interactions as well as their significance in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Additionally, we highlight recent findings in the fields of molecular regulation mechanisms involved in these distinct terpenoids biosynthesis, and propose future opportunities in terpenoid research, including biology seeding, and genetic engineering in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.J.)
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Yu J, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Li M, Varotto C. A Novel Isoprene Synthase from the Monocot Tree Copernicia prunifera (Arecaceae) Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15329. [PMID: 37895009 PMCID: PMC10607627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to emit isoprene, among other stresses, protects plants from drought, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this trait are only partly understood. The Arecaceae (palms) constitute a very interesting model system to test the involvement of isoprene in enhancing drought tolerance, as their high isoprene emissions may have contributed to make them hyperdominant in neotropical dry forests, characterized by recurrent and extended periods of drought stress. In this study we isolated and functionally characterized a novel isoprene synthase, the gene responsible for isoprene biosynthesis, from Copernicia prunifera, a palm from seasonally dry tropical forests. When overexpressed in the non-emitter Arabidopsis thaliana, CprISPS conferred significant levels of isoprene emission, together with enhanced tolerance to water limitation throughout plant growth and development, from germination to maturity. CprISPS overexpressors displayed higher germination, cotyledon/leaf greening, water usage efficiency, and survival than WT Arabidopsis under various types of water limitation. This increased drought tolerance was accompanied by a marked transcriptional up-regulation of both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent key drought response genes. Taken together, these results demonstrate the capacity of CprISPS to enhance drought tolerance in Arabidopsis and suggest that isoprene emission could have evolved in Arecaceae as an adaptive mechanism against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Yu
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Environment Area, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Food and Nutrition Area, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (I.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Food and Nutrition Area, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (I.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Mingai Li
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Environment Area, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy;
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Environment Area, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy;
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Bertić M, Zimmer I, Andrés-Montaner D, Rosenkranz M, Kangasjärvi J, Schnitzler JP, Ghirardo A. Automatization of metabolite extraction for high-throughput metabolomics: case study on transgenic isoprene-emitting birch. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1855-1869. [PMID: 37418159 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies are becoming increasingly common for understanding how plant metabolism responds to changes in environmental conditions, genetic manipulations and treatments. Despite the recent advances in metabolomics workflow, the sample preparation process still limits the high-throughput analysis in large-scale studies. Here, we present a highly flexible robotic system that integrates liquid handling, sonication, centrifugation, solvent evaporation and sample transfer processed in 96-well plates to automatize the metabolite extraction from leaf samples. We transferred an established manual extraction protocol performed to a robotic system, and with this, we show the optimization steps required to improve reproducibility and obtain comparable results in terms of extraction efficiency and accuracy. We then tested the robotic system to analyze the metabolomes of wild-type and four transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) lines under unstressed conditions. Birch trees were engineered to overexpress the poplar (Populus × canescens) isoprene synthase and to emit various amounts of isoprene. By fitting the different isoprene emission capacities of the transgenic trees with their leaf metabolomes, we observed an isoprene-dependent upregulation of some flavonoids and other secondary metabolites as well as carbohydrates, amino acid and lipid metabolites. By contrast, the disaccharide sucrose was found to be strongly negatively correlated to isoprene emission. The presented study illustrates the power of integrating robotics to increase the sample throughput, reduce human errors and labor time, and to ensure a fully controlled, monitored and standardized sample preparation procedure. Due to its modular and flexible structure, the robotic system can be easily adapted to other extraction protocols for the analysis of various tissues or plant species to achieve high-throughput metabolomics in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Bertić
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Ina Zimmer
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - David Andrés-Montaner
- Atmospheric Environmental Research, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
- Corteva Agriscience Spain S.L.U, Carreño, Spain
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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12
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Iqbal MA, Miyamoto K, Yumoto E, Oogai S, Mutanda I, Inafuku M, Oku H. Relationship between seasonal variation in isoprene emission and plant hormone profiles in the tropical plant Ficus septica. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:981-993. [PMID: 37565537 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In Ficus septica, the short-term control of isoprene production and, therefore, isoprene emission has been linked to the hormone balance between auxin (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA). However, the relationship between long-term changes in isoprene emission and that of plant hormones remains unknown. This study tracked isoprene emissions from F. septica leaves, plant hormone concentrations and signalling gene expression, MEP pathway metabolite concentrations, and related enzyme gene expression for 1 year in the field to better understand the role of plant hormones and their long-term control. Seasonality of isoprenes was mainly driven by temperature- and light-dependent variations in substrate availability through the MEP route, as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of isoprene synthase (IspS). Isoprene emissions are seasonally correlated with plant hormone levels. This was especially evident in the cytokinin profiles, which decreased in summer and increased in winter. Only 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-butenyl-4-diphosphate (HMBDP) exhibited a positive connection with cytokinins among the MEP metabolites examined, suggesting that HMBDP and its biosynthetic enzyme, HMBDP synthase (HDS), play a role in channelling of MEP pathway metabolites to cytokinin production. Thus, it is probable that cytokinins have potential feed-forward regulation of isoprene production. Under long-term natural conditions, the hormonal balance of IAA/JA-Ile was not associated with IspS transcripts or isoprene emissions. This study builds on prior work by revealing differences between short- and long-term hormonal modulation of isoprene emissions in the tropical tree F. septica.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Iqbal
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - K Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - E Yumoto
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Oogai
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - I Mutanda
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - M Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - H Oku
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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13
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Li X, Chou MY, Bonito GM, Last RL. Anti-fungal bioactive terpenoids in the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) may contribute to ecotype-specific microbiome composition. Commun Biol 2023; 6:917. [PMID: 37679469 PMCID: PMC10485007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant derived bioactive small molecules have attracted attention of scientists across fundamental and applied scientific disciplines. We seek to understand the influence of these phytochemicals on rhizosphere and root-associated fungi. We hypothesize that - consistent with accumulating evidence that switchgrass genotype impacts microbiome assembly - differential terpenoid accumulation contributes to switchgrass ecotype-specific microbiome composition. An initial in vitro Petri plate-based disc diffusion screen of 18 switchgrass root derived fungal isolates revealed differential responses to upland- and lowland-isolated metabolites. To identify specific fungal growth-modulating metabolites, we tested fractions from root extracts on three ecologically important fungal isolates - Linnemania elongata, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. Saponins and diterpenoids were identified as the most prominent antifungal metabolites. Finally, analysis of liquid chromatography-purified terpenoids revealed fungal inhibition structure - activity relationships (SAR). Saponin antifungal activity was primarily determined by the number of sugar moieties - saponins glycosylated at a single core position were inhibitory whereas saponins glycosylated at two core positions were inactive. Saponin core hydroxylation and acetylation were also associated with reduced activity. Diterpenoid activity required the presence of an intact furan ring for strong fungal growth inhibition. These results inform future breeding and biotechnology strategies for crop protection with reduced pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ming-Yi Chou
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Gregory M Bonito
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Robert L Last
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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14
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Jin J, Zhao M, Jing T, Zhang M, Lu M, Yu G, Wang J, Guo D, Pan Y, Hoffmann TD, Schwab W, Song C. Volatile compound-mediated plant-plant interactions under stress with the tea plant as a model. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad143. [PMID: 37691961 PMCID: PMC10483893 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination. This sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant damage through the priming of their own defenses. The defense mechanism in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response later. Despite much research, many key questions remain on the role of VOCs in interplant communication and plant fitness. Here we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic (i.e. insects and pathogens) and abiotic (i.e. cold, drought, and salt) stresses, and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea plants. Our focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in complex ecological environments. Particularly, the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are highlighted. Finally, we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guomeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Timothy D Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
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15
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Trémulot L, Macadré C, Gal J, Garmier M, Launay-Avon A, Paysant-Le Roux C, Ratet P, Noctor G, Dufresne M. Impact of high atmospheric carbon dioxide on the biotic stress response of the model cereal species Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237054. [PMID: 37662181 PMCID: PMC10469009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Losses due to disease and climate change are among the most important issues currently facing crop production. It is therefore important to establish the impact of climate change, and particularly of high carbon dioxide (hCO2), on plant immunity in cereals, which provide 60% of human calories. The aim of this study was to determine if hCO2 impacts Brachypodium distachyon immunity, a model plant for temperate cereals. Plants were grown in air (430 ppm CO2) and at two high CO2 conditions, one that is relevant to projections within the coming century (1000 ppm) and a concentration sufficient to saturate photosynthesis (3000 ppm). The following measurements were performed: phenotyping and growth, salicylic acid contents, pathogen resistance tests, and RNAseq analysis of the transcriptome. Improved shoot development was observed at both 1000 and 3000 ppm. A transcriptomic analysis pointed to an increase in primary metabolism capacity under hCO2. Alongside this effect, up-regulation of genes associated with secondary metabolism was also observed. This effect was especially evident for the terpenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways, and was accompanied by enhanced expression of immunity-related genes and accumulation of salicylic acid. Pathogen tests using the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae revealed that hCO2 had a complex effect, with enhanced susceptibility to infection but no increase in fungal development. The study reveals that immunity in B. distachyon is modulated by growth at hCO2 and allows identification of pathways that might play a role in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lug Trémulot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Macadré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Joséphine Gal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christine Paysant-Le Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Marie Dufresne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
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16
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Hong Y, Zheng Q, Cheng L, Liu P, Xu G, Zhang H, Cao P, Zhou H. Identification and characterization of TMV-induced volatile signals in Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence for JA/ET defense pathway priming in congeneric neighbors via airborne (E)-2-octenal. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:272. [PMID: 37568053 PMCID: PMC10421810 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants release a mixture of volatile compounds when subjects to environmental stress, allowing them to transmit information to neighboring plants. Here, we find that Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) induces defense responses in neighboring congeners. Analytical screening of volatiles from N. benthamiana at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) using an optimized SPME-GC-MS method showed that TMV triggers the release of several volatiles, such as (E)-2-octenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and geranylacetone. Exposure to (E)-2-octenal enhances the resistance of N. benthamiana plants to TMV and triggers the immune system with upregulation of pathogenesis-related genes, such as NbPR1a, NbPR1b, NbPR2, and NbNPR1, which are related to TMV resistance. Furthermore, (E)-2-octenal upregulates jasmonic acid (JA) that levels up to 400-fold in recipient N. benthamiana plants and significantly affects the expression pattern of key genes in the JA/ET signaling pathway, such as NbMYC2, NbERF1, and NbPDF1.2, while the salicylic acid (SA) level is not significantly affected. Our results show for the first time that the volatile (E)-2-octenal primes the JA/ET pathway and then activates immune responses, ultimately leading to enhanced TMV resistance in adjacent N. benthamiana plants. These findings provide new insights into the role of airborne compounds in virus-induced interplant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Lingtong Cheng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Guoyun Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Huina Zhou
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China.
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17
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Kawakami T, Miyazaki S, Kawaide H. Molecular characterization of a moss isoprene synthase provides insight into its evolution. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2133-2142. [PMID: 37385722 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on the molecular characterization of isoprene synthase (ISPS) from the moss Calohypnum plumiforme. After isoprene emission from C. plumiforme was confirmed, the cDNA encoding C. plumiforme ISPS (CpISPS) was narrowed down using a genome database associated with protein structure prediction, and a CpISPS gene was identified. The recombinant CpISPS, produced in Escherichia coli, converted dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated similarity between the amino acid sequences of CpISPS and moss diterpene cyclases (DTCs) but not ISPSs of higher plants, implying that CpISPS is derived from moss DTCs and is evolutionarily unrelated to canonical ISPSs of higher plants. CpISPS is a novel class I cyclase of the terpene synthase-c subfamily harboring αβ domains. This study will help further study of isoprene biosynthesis and the physiological functions of isoprene in mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawakami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
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18
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Sun Y, Gui Z, Yan N, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Sun F, Han X, Du Y. Roles and Preliminary Mechanism of Tobacco cis-Abienol in Inducing Tomato Resistance against Bacterial Wilt. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12226. [PMID: 37569602 PMCID: PMC10418768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt negatively impacts the yield and quality of tomatoes. cis-Abienol, a labdane diterpenoid abundantly produced in the trichome secretion of Nicotiana spp., can induce bacterial wilt resistance in plants; however, study on its practical application and acting mechanism is very limited. This study established the application conditions of cis-abienol for inducing tomato bacterial wilt resistance by pot-inoculation experiments and investigated the underlying mechanism by determining the physio-biochemical indexes and transcriptomic changes. The results showed that applying cis-abienol to the roots was the most effective approach for inducing tomato bacterial wilt resistance. The optimal concentration was 60 μg/mL, and 2-3 consecutive applications with 3-6 days intervals were sufficient to induce the bacterial wilt resistance of tomato plants. cis-Abienol could enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity and stimulate the defensive signal transduction in tomato roots, leading to the upregulation of genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. It also upregulated the expression of JAZ genes and increased the content of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), which control the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and the content of phytoalexins in tomato roots. cis-Abienol-induced resistance mainly depends on the JA signalling pathway, and the SA signalling pathway is also involved in this process. This study established the feasibility of applying the plant-derived terpenoid cis-abienol to induce plant bacterial wilt resistance, which is of great value for developing eco-friendly bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zuqing Gui
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Feifei Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Xiao Han
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.S.); (Z.G.)
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Guimarães BDA, Silva RC, Andrade EHDA, Setzer WN, da Silva JK, Figueiredo PLB. Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/( E)-Caryophyllene Schinus terebinthifolia Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2497. [PMID: 37447058 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi is widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat respiratory diseases, as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic parameters on the yield, antioxidative capacity, and chemical composition of the S. terebinthifolia leaf essential oil. The specimen was collected monthly from October 2021 to September 2022. Leaf essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Statistical analyses were performed to verify the climatic influences on the yields, chemical composition, and antioxidative capacity. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging and inhibition of β-carotene/linoleic acid oxidation assays were performed to assess the antioxidant activity. The leaf essential oil yields ranged from 0.1% (July) to 0.7% (May and September), averaging 0.5 ± 0.2%. There was no significant difference in essential oil production during the dry (0.4 ± 0.2%) and rainy (0.6 ± 0.1%) seasons. The main chemical constituents identified in essential oils were limonene (11.42-56.24%), δ-3-carene (8.70-33.16%) and (E)-caryophyllene (4.10-24.98%). The limonene annual average was 43.57 ± 12.74% and showed no statistical difference during the dry (40.53 ± 13.38%) and rainy (52.68 ± 3.27%) seasons. Likewise, the annual average of δ-3-carene was 22.55 ± 7.11%, displaying no statistical difference between dry (26.35 ± 7.90%) and rainy (31.14 ± 1.63%) seasons. The annual average of (E)-caryophyllene was 11.07 ± 7.15% and this constituent did not show a statistical difference in Tukey's test (p > 0.05) during the dry (12.72 ± 7.56%) and rainy (6.10 ± 1.78%) season. Limonene showed a moderate positive and significant correlation (p < 0.05) with precipitation (r = 0.56) and a weak correlation with temperature (r = -0.40), humidity (r = 0.40), and insolation (r = -0.44). All samples inhibited the oxidation in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system (22.78-44.15%) but displayed no activity in the DPPH method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Araújo Guimarães
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-670, Brazil
| | - Renata Cunha Silva
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-670, Brazil
| | | | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Joyce Kelly da Silva
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Luis B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-670, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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20
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Wu Z, Shang X, Liu G, Xie Y. Comparative analysis of flavonoids, polyphenols and volatiles in roots, stems and leaves of five mangroves. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15529. [PMID: 37366424 PMCID: PMC10290835 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and volatiles, which are important for their survival and adaptation to the coastal environment, as well as for producing bioactive compounds. To reveal differences in these compounds among five mangrove species' leaf, root, and stem, the total contents of flavonoids and polyphenols, types and contents of volatiles were determined, analyzed and compared. The results showed that Avicennia marina leaves contained the highest levels of flavonoids and phenolics. In mangrove parts, flavonoids are usually higher than phenolic compounds. A total of 532 compounds were detected by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method in the leaf, root, and stem parts of five mangrove species. These were grouped into 18 classes, including alcohols, aldehydes, alkaloids, alkanes, etc. The number of volatile compounds in A. ilicifolius (176) and B. gymnorrhiza (172) was lower than in the other three species. The number of volatile compounds and their relative contents differed among all three parts of five mangrove species, where the mangrove species factor had a greater impact than the part factor. A total of 71 common compounds occurring in more than two species or parts were analyzed by a PLS-DA model. One-way ANOVA revealed 18 differential compounds among mangrove species and nine differential compounds among parts. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that both unique and common compounds significantly differed in composition and concentration between species and parts. In general, A. ilicifolius and B. gymnorrhiza differed significantly from the other species in terms of compound content, while the leaves differed significantly from the other parts. VIP screening and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on 17 common compounds closely related to mangrove species or parts. These compounds were mainly involved in terpenoid pathways such as C10 isoprenoids and C15 isoprenoids and fatty alcohols. The correlation analysis showed that the content of flavonoids/phenolics, the number of compounds, and the content of some common compounds in mangroves were correlated with their salt and waterlogging tolerance levels. These findings will help in the development of genetic varieties and medicinal utilization of mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojian Xie
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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21
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Ravelo-Ortega G, Raya-González J, López-Bucio J. Compounds from rhizosphere microbes that promote plant growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 73:102336. [PMID: 36716513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is the soil-plant interface colonized by bacterial and fungal species that exert growth-promoting and adaptive benefits. The plant-bacteria relationships rely upon the perception of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), canonical phytohormones such as auxins and cytokinins, and the bacterial quorum sensing-related N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones and cyclodipeptides. On the other hand, plant-beneficial Trichoderma fungi emit highly active VOCs, including 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP), and β-caryophyllene, which contribute to plant morphogenesis, but also into how these microbes spread over roots or live as endophytes. Here, we describe recent findings concerning how compounds from beneficial bacteria and fungi affect root architecture and advance into the signaling events that mediate microbial recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ravelo-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Javier Raya-González
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C. P. 58240, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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22
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Brambilla A, Lenk M, Ghirardo A, Eccleston L, Knappe C, Weber B, Lange B, Imani J, Schäffner AR, Schnitzler JP, Vlot AC. Pipecolic acid synthesis is required for systemic acquired resistance and plant-to-plant-induced immunity in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3033-3046. [PMID: 36905226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Defense responses in plants are based on complex biochemical processes. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) helps to fight infections by (hemi-)biotrophic pathogens. One important signaling molecule in SAR is pipecolic acid (Pip), accumulation of which is dependent on the aminotransferase ALD1 in Arabidopsis. While exogenous Pip primes defense responses in the monocotyledonous cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare), it is currently unclear if endogenous Pip plays a role in disease resistance in monocots. Here, we generated barley ald1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, and assessed their capacity to mount SAR. Endogenous Pip levels were reduced after infection of the ald1 mutant, and this altered systemic defense against the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Furthermore, Hvald1 plants did not emit nonanal, one of the key volatile compounds that are normally emitted by barley plants after the activation of SAR. This resulted in the inability of neighboring plants to perceive and/or respond to airborne cues and prepare for an upcoming infection, although HvALD1 was not required in the receiver plants to mediate the response. Our results highlight the crucial role of endogenous HvALD1 and Pip for SAR, and associate Pip, in particular together with nonanal, with plant-to-plant defense propagation in the monocot crop barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brambilla
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Eccleston
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Knappe
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Baris Weber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Lange
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jafargholi Imani
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Chair of Crop Plant Genetics, Kulmbach, Germany
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23
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Hall RM, Wagentristl H, Renner-Martin K, Urban B, Durec N, Kaul HP. Extracts and Residues of Common Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Cause Alterations in Root and Shoot Growth of Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091768. [PMID: 37176826 PMCID: PMC10180818 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Following the novel weapon hypothesis, the invasiveness of non-native species, such as common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) can result from a loss of natural competitors due to the production of chemical compounds, which negatively affect native communities. Particularly the genus Ambrosia produces several types of organic compounds, which have the potential to inhibit germination and growth of other plants. Subsequent to an assessment of the chemical content of three different ragweed extracts (aqueous shoot and root extracts, as well as essential oil), two different trials on the effects of different concentrations of these extracts, as well as ragweed residues, were conducted on two different mediums (Petri dish vs. soil). In addition, we investigated the impact on the infection potential of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soybean roots in three different soil types (arable soil, potting soil, and sand). The results showed that the exposure to common ragweed extracts and residues induced changes in the biomass and root production of crops and ragweed itself. Even though crops and ragweed differed in their response behavior, the strongest negative impact on all crops and ragweed was observed with ragweed residues, leading to reductions in biomass and root growth of up to 90%. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the number of rhizobial nodules of up to 48% when soybean was exposed to ragweed root extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Maria Hall
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Wagentristl
- Experimental Farm, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 2301 Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria
| | - Katharina Renner-Martin
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Urban
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Durec
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kaul
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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24
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Matzrafi M, Wolberg S, Abu-Nassar J, Zelinger E, Bar E, Cafri D, Lewinsohn E, Shtein I. Distinctive foliar features and volatile profiles in three Ambrosia species (Asteraceae). PLANTA 2023; 257:79. [PMID: 36912967 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambrosia species differ both in their trichome types and in metabolic profiles of leaf volatiles. The current study provides tools for easier taxonomic identification of ragweed species. The genus Ambrosia (Asteraceae) includes some of the most noxious allergenic invasive weeds in the world. Due to high polymorphism in this genus, identification of species is often difficult. This study focuses on microscopic investigation of foliar features and GC-MS identification of the main leaf volatile components of three Ambrosia species currently found in Israel-invasive species Ambrosia confertiflora and A. tenuifolia, and transient A. grayi. A. confertiflora and A. tenuifolia have three trichome types: non-glandular trichomes, capitate glandular trichomes and linear glandular trichomes. Their non-glandular trichomes and capitate trichomes have distinct structures and can serve as taxonomic characters. A. grayi (the least successful invader) has only very dense covering trichomes. All three Ambrosia species have secretory structures in their leaf midrib. A. confertiflora, the most problematic invasive plant in Israel, had a ten times higher volatiles content than the other two species. In A. confertiflora, the most abundant volatiles were chrysanthenone (25.5%), borneol (18%), germacrene D and (E)-caryophyllene (both around 12%). In A. tenuifolia, the most abundant volatiles were β-myrcene (32.9%), (2E)-hexenal (13%) and 1,8-cineole (11.7%). In A. grayi, the most abundant volatiles were β-myrcene (17.9%), germacrene D (17.8%) and limonene (14%). The three examined species have distinct trichome types and metabolic profiles. Non-glandular trichomes show structural diversification between species and are a good descriptive character. Considering the anthropocentric significance of this highly problematic genus, the current study provides tools for easier identification of ragweed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Matzrafi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | | | - Jackline Abu-Nassar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The Interdepartmental Equipment Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Bar
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Daniella Cafri
- Plant Protection and Inspection Services, Israel, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Ilana Shtein
- Eastern R&D Center, Milken Campus, Ariel, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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25
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Bauer K, Nayem S, Lehmann M, Wenig M, Shu LJ, Ranf S, Geigenberger P, Vlot AC. β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 modulates systemic immune signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1096800. [PMID: 36816482 PMCID: PMC9931724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pectin- and hemicellulose-associated structures of plant cell walls participate in defense responses against pathogens of different parasitic lifestyles. The resulting immune responses incorporate phytohormone signaling components associated with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). SA plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a form of induced resistance that - after a local immune stimulus - confers long-lasting, systemic protection against a broad range of biotrophic invaders. β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 (BXL4) protein accumulation is enhanced in the apoplast of plants undergoing SAR. Here, two independent Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of BXL4 displayed compromised systemic defenses, while local resistance responses to Pseudomonas syringae remained largely intact. Because both phloem-mediated and airborne systemic signaling were abrogated in the mutants, the data suggest that BXL4 is a central component in SAR signaling mechanisms. Exogenous xylose, a possible product of BXL4 enzymatic activity in plant cell walls, enhanced systemic defenses. However, GC-MS analysis of SAR-activated plants revealed BXL4-associated changes in the accumulation of certain amino acids and soluble sugars, but not xylose. In contrast, the data suggest a possible role of pectin-associated fucose as well as of the polyamine putrescine as regulatory components of SAR. This is the first evidence of a central role of cell wall metabolic changes in systemic immunity. Additionally, the data reveal a so far unrecognized complexity in the regulation of SAR, which might allow the design of (crop) plant protection measures including SAR-associated cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Bauer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shahran Nayem
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition, and Health, Chair of Crop Plant Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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26
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Abbas F, O'Neill Rothenberg D, Zhou Y, Ke Y, Wang HC. Volatile organic compounds as mediators of plant communication and adaptation to climate change. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13840. [PMID: 36512339 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds are the most abundant and structurally diverse plant secondary metabolites. They play a key role in plant lifespan via direct and indirect plant defenses, attracting pollinators, and mediating various interactions between plants and their environment. The ecological diversity and context-dependence of plant-plant communication driven by volatiles are crucial elements that influence plant performance in different habitats. Plant volatiles are also valued for their multiple applications in food, flavor, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. In the current review, we summarize recent advances that have elucidated the functions of plant volatile organic compounds as mediators of plant interaction at community and individual levels, highlighting the complexities of plant receiver feedback to various signals and cues. This review emphasizes volatile terpenoids, the most abundant class of plant volatile organic compounds, highlighting their role in plant adaptability to global climate change and stress-response pathways that are integral to plant growth and survival. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Volatile Dimethyl Disulfide from Guava Plants Regulate Developmental Performance of Asian Citrus Psyllid through Activation of Defense Responses in Neighboring Orange Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810271. [PMID: 36142192 PMCID: PMC9499464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping with guava (Psidium guajava L.) can assist with the management of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), the insect vector of the huanglongbing pathogen, in citrus orchards. Sulfur volatiles have a repellent activity and physiological effects, as well as being important components of guava volatiles. In this study, we tested whether the sulfur volatiles emitted by guava plants play a role in plant–plant communications and trigger anti-herbivore activities against ACP in sweet orange plants (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Real-time determination using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) showed that guava plants continuously release methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and the contents increased rapidly after mechanical damage. The exposure of orange plants to DMDS resulted in the suppression of the developmental performance of ACP. The differential elevation of salicylic acid (SA) levels; the expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), salicylate-O-methyl transferase (SMT), and pathogenesis-related (PR1) genes; the activities of defense-related enzymes PAL, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD); and the total polyphenol content were observed in DMDS-exposed orange plants. The emission of volatiles including myrcene, nonanal, decanal, and methyl salicylate (MeSA) was increased. In addition, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and aromatic amino acid (such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) metabolic pathways were induced. Altogether, our results indicated that DMDS from guava plants can activate defense responses in eavesdropping orange plants and boost their herbivore resistance to ACP, which suggests the possibility of using DMDS as a novel approach for the management of ACP in citrus orchards.
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28
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Kivimäenpää M, Riikonen J, Valolahti H, Elina H, Holopainen JK, Holopainen T. Effects of elevated ozone and warming on terpenoid emissions and concentrations of Norway spruce depend on needle phenology and age. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1570-1586. [PMID: 35183060 PMCID: PMC9366870 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) trees are affected by ongoing climate change, including warming and exposure to phytotoxic levels of ozone. Non-volatile terpenoids and volatile terpenoids (biogenic organic volatile compounds, BVOCs) protect spruce against biotic and abiotic stresses. BVOCs also affect the atmosphere's oxidative capacity. Four-year-old Norway spruce were exposed to elevated ozone (EO) (1.4 × ambient) and warming (1.1 °C + ambient air) alone and in combination on an open-field exposure site in Central Finland. Net photosynthesis, needle terpenoid concentrations and BVOC emissions were measured four times during the experiment's second growing season: after bud opening in May, during the mid-growing season in June, and after needle maturation in August and September. Warming increased terpene concentrations in May due to advanced phenology and decreased them at the end of the growing season in matured current-year needles. Ozone enhanced these effects of warming on several compounds. Warming decreased concentrations of oxygenated sesquiterpenes in previous-year needles. Decreased emissions of oxygenated monoterpenes by warming and ozone alone in May were less prominent when ozone and warming were combined. A similar interactive treatment response in isoprene, camphene, tricyclene and α-pinene was observed in August when the temperature and ozone concentration was high. The results suggest long-term warming may reduce the terpenoid-based defence capacity of young spruce, but the defence capacity can be increased during the most sensitive growth phase (after bud break), and when high temperatures or ozone concentrations co-occur. Reduced BVOC emissions from young spruce may decrease the atmosphere's oxidative capacity in the warmer future, but the effect of EO may be marginal because less reactive minor compounds are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanna Valolahti
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Ramboll, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti 15140, Finland
| | - Häikiö Elina
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- South Savo Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, PO Box 164, Mikkeli 50101, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Toini Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
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Mariano A, Bigioni I, Misiti F, Fattorini L, d’Abusco AS, Rodio A. The Nutraceuticals as Modern Key to Achieve Erythrocyte Oxidative Stress Fighting in Osteoarthritis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3481-3495. [PMID: 36005136 PMCID: PMC9406754 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease, shows an increasing prevalence in the aging population in industrialized countries. OA is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, which causes degeneration of all joint tissues, such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial membrane, leading to pain and loss of functionality. Erythrocytes, the most abundant blood cells, have as their primary function oxygen transport, which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. For this reason, the erythrocytes have several mechanisms to counteract ROS injuries, which cause damage to lipids and proteins of the cell membrane. Oxidative stress and inflammation are highly correlated and are both causes of joint disorders. In the synovial fluid and blood of osteoarthritis patients, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme expression is decreased. To date, OA is a non-curable disease, treated mainly with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids for a prolonged period of time, which cause several side effects; thus, the search for natural remedies with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities is always ongoing. In this review, we analyze several manuscripts describing the effect of traditional remedies, such as Harpagophytum procumbens, Curcumin longa, and Boswellia serrata extracts, in the treatments of OA for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity. The effects of such remedies have been studied both in in vitro and in vivo models, considering both joint cells and erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bigioni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Fattorini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Rodio
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
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Gomes Alves E, Taylor T, Robin M, Pinheiro Oliveira D, Schietti J, Duvoisin Júnior S, Zannoni N, Williams J, Hartmann C, Gonçalves JFC, Schöngart J, Wittmann F, Piedade MTF. Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:721-733. [PMID: 35357064 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems. We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species - Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea - across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon. From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro-topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table). We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomes Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - T Taylor
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Robin
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - D Pinheiro Oliveira
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schietti
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Biology Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - N Zannoni
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Hartmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J F C Gonçalves
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schöngart
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - F Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany
| | - M T F Piedade
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
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31
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Dong Y, Zhang W, Li J, Wang D, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. The transcription factor LaMYC4 from lavender regulates volatile Terpenoid biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:289. [PMID: 35698036 PMCID: PMC9190104 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs), as one of the largest families of TFs, are essential regulators of plant terpenoid biosynthesis and response to stresses. Lavender has more than 75 volatile terpenoids, yet few TFs have been identified to be involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis. RESULTS Based on RNA-Seq, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transgenic technology, this study characterized the stress-responsive transcription factor LaMYC4 regulates terpenoid biosynthesis. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment increased volatile terpenoid emission, and the differentially expressed gene LaMYC4 was isolated. LaMYC4 expression level was higher in leaf than in other tissues. The expression of LaMYC4 decreased during flower development. The promoter of LaMYC4 contained hormone and stress-responsive regulatory elements and was responsive to various treatments, including UV, MeJA treatment, drought, low temperature, Pseudomonas syringae infection, and NaCl treatment. LaMYC4 overexpression increased the levels of sesquiterpenoids, including caryophyllenes, in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. Furthermore, the expression of crucial node genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis and glandular trichome number and size increased in transgenic tobacco. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the stress-responsive MYC TF LaMYC4 from 'Jingxun 2' lavender regulates volatile terpenoid synthesis. This study is the first to describe the cloning of LaMYC4, and the results help understand the role of LaMYC4 in terpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
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32
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New molecules in plant defence against pathogens. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:683-693. [PMID: 35642866 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants host a multipart immune signalling network to ward off pathogens. Pathogen attack upon plant tissues can often lead to an amplified state of (induced) defence against subsequent infections in distal tissues; this is known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The interaction of plants with beneficial microbes of the rhizosphere microbiome can also lead to an induced resistance in above-ground plant tissues, known as induced systemic resistance. Second messengers such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) are necessary for cell-to-cell signal propagation during SAR and show emergent roles in the mediation of other SAR metabolites. These include the lysine-derived signals pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), which are key signalling metabolites in SAR. Emerging evidence additionally pinpoints plant volatiles as modulators of defence signalling within and between plants. Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as monoterpenes can promote SAR by functioning through ROS. Furthermore, plant-derived and additionally also microbial VOCs can target both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways in plants and modulate defence against pathogens. In this review, an overview of recent findings in induced defence signalling, with a particular focus on newer signalling molecules and how they integrate into these networks is discussed.
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Peters VCT, Dunkel A, Frank O, Rajmohan N, McCormack B, Dowd E, Didzbalis J, Gianfagna TJ, Dawid C, Hofmann T. High-Throughput Flavor Analysis and Mapping of Flavor Alterations Induced by Different Genotypes of Mentha by Means of UHPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5668-5679. [PMID: 35475602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for mint is increasing from year to year, and it is more important than ever to secure a sustainable and robust supply of such an important plant. The USDA mint core collection provides the basis for many researches worldwide regarding, e.g., sequencing, cytology, and disease resistances. A recently developed toolbox enables here for the first time the analysis of such a complex collection in terms of the aroma compound composition and the mapping of flavor alterations depending on taxonomy, environmental conditions, and growing stages by means of comprehensive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Therefore, in this study, not only the aroma compound composition of 153 genotypes was characterized but it was also demonstrated that the composition varies depending on taxonomy and changes during the growth of the plant. Furthermore, it could be shown that greenhouse conditions have an enormous influence on the concentrations of aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christina Tabea Peters
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nimmi Rajmohan
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Brian McCormack
- Flavor/Mint Science, Mars Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642, United States
| | - Eric Dowd
- Flavor/Mint Science, Mars Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642, United States
| | - John Didzbalis
- Mars, Incorporated, Mars Advanced Research Institute, McLean, Virginia 22101, United States
| | - Thomas J Gianfagna
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Dani KGS, Pollastri S, Pinosio S, Reichelt M, Sharkey TD, Schnitzler J, Loreto F. Isoprene enhances leaf cytokinin metabolism and induces early senescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:961-974. [PMID: 34716577 PMCID: PMC9300082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, a major biogenic volatile hydrocarbon of climate-relevance, indisputably mitigates abiotic stresses in emitting plants. However functional relevance of constitutive isoprene emission in unstressed plants remains contested. Isoprene and cytokinins (CKs) are synthesized from a common substrate and pathway in chloroplasts. It was postulated that isoprene emission may affect CK-metabolism. Using transgenic isoprene-emitting (IE) Arabidopsis and isoprene nonemitting (NE) RNA-interference grey poplars (paired with respective NE and IE genotypes), the life of individual IE and NE leaves from emergence to abscission was followed under stress-free conditions. We monitored plant growth rate, aboveground developmental phenotype, modelled leaf photosynthetic energy status, quantified the abundance of leaf CKs, analysed Arabidopsis and poplar leaf transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing in presence and absence of isoprene during leaf senescence. Isoprene emission by unstressed leaves enhanced the abundance of CKs (isopentenyl adenine and its precursor) by > 200%, significantly upregulated genes coding for CK-synthesis, CK-signalling and CK-degradation, hastened plant development, increased chloroplast metabolic rate, altered photosynthetic energy status, induced early leaf senescence in both Arabidopsis and poplar. IE leaves senesced sooner even in decapitated poplars where source-sink relationships and hormone homeostasis were perturbed. Constitutive isoprene emission significantly accelerates CK-led leaf and organismal development and induces early senescence independent of growth constraints. Isoprene emission provides an early-riser evolutionary advantage and shortens lifecycle duration to assist rapid diversification in unstressed emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta Dani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food SciencesNational Research Council of ItalyPiazzale Aldo Moro 700185RomeItaly
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Sara Pinosio
- Institute of Biosciences and BioresourcesNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
- Institute for Applied GenomicsVia Jacopo Linussio 5133100UdineItaly
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll Strasse 8D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental SimulationInstitute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental Health85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food SciencesNational Research Council of ItalyPiazzale Aldo Moro 700185RomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia80126NaplesItaly
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35
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Maurya AK, Pazouki L, Frost CJ. Priming Seeds with Indole and (Z)-3-Hexenyl Acetate Enhances Resistance Against Herbivores and Stimulates Growth. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:441-454. [PMID: 35394556 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A striking feature of plant ecology is the ability of plants to detect and respond to environmental cues such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) by priming or directly activating defenses against future herbivores. However, whether seeds also respond to compounds that are common constituents of HIPV blends and initiate future plant resistance is unknown. Considering that seeds depend on other environmental cues to determine basic survival traits such as germination timing, we predicted that seeds exposed to synthetic constituents of HIPV blends would generate well-defended plants. We investigated the effect of seed exposure to common volatiles on growth, reproduction, and resistance characteristics in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula using herbivores from two feeding guilds. After seed scarification and vernalization, we treated seeds with one of seven different plant-derived volatile compounds for 24 h. Seeds were then germinated and the resulting plants were assayed for growth, herbivore resistance, and expression of inducible defense genes. Of all the synthetic volatiles tested, indole specifically reduced both beet armyworm growth on A. thaliana and pea aphid fecundity on M. truncatula. The induction of defense genes was not affected by seed exposure to indole in either plant species, indicating that activation of direct resistance rather than inducible resistance is the mechanism by which seed priming operates. Moreover, neither plant species showed any negative effect of seed exposure to any synthetic volatile on vegetative and reproductive growth. Rather, M. truncatula plants derived from seeds exposed to (Z)-3-hexanol and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate grew larger compared to controls. Our results indicate that seeds are sensitive to specific volatiles in ways that enhance resistance profiles with no apparent costs in terms of growth. Seed priming by HIPVs may represent a novel ecological mechanism of plant-to-plant interactions, with broad potential applications in agriculture and seed conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav K Maurya
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher J Frost
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA. .,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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36
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Iqbal MA, Miyamoto K, Yumoto E, Parveen S, Mutanda I, Inafuku M, Oku H. Plant hormone profile and control over isoprene biosynthesis in a tropical tree Ficus septica. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:492-501. [PMID: 35050526 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone signalling and the circadian clock have been implicated in the transcriptional control of isoprene biosynthesis. To gain more insight into the hormonal control of isoprene biosynthesis, the present study measured plant hormone concentrations in jasmonic acid (JA)-treated leaves of our previous model study, examined their relationship with gene expression of isoprene synthase (IspS) and hormone signalling transcription factors. Of the plant hormones, IAA and JA-Ile and their related transcription factors (MYC2 and SAUR21) were significantly correlated with IspS gene expression. Concentrations of cytokinins, isopentenyladenine (iP), trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and cis-zeatin riboside (cZR), were similarly significantly correlated with IspS expression. However, there was no significant correlation between their related transcription factor (ARR-B) and IspS expression. The circadian clock-related gene PRR7, but not the transcription factor LHY, was highly correlated with IspS expression. These results suggest that the hormonal balance between JA-Ile and IAA plays a central role in transcriptional regulation of IspS through the transcription factors MYC2 and SAUR21, the early auxin responsive genes. The putative cis-acting elements for SAUR on the IspS promoter (TGTCNN and CATATG), in addition to the G-box for MYC2, support the above proposal. These results provide insightful information on the core components of plant hormone-related regulation of IspS under coordination with the circadian clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A Iqbal
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - K Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - E Yumoto
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Parveen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - I Mutanda
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - M Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - H Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Isoprene Emission Influences the Proteomic Profile of Arabidopsis Plants under Well-Watered and Drought-Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073836. [PMID: 35409196 PMCID: PMC8998555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is a small lipophilic molecule synthesized in plastids and abundantly released into the atmosphere. Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against abiotic stresses, but the mechanism of action of isoprene is still under debate. In this study, we compared the physiological responses and proteomic profiles of Arabidopsis which express the isoprene synthase (ISPS) gene and emit isoprene with those of non-emitting plants under both drought-stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. We aimed to investigate whether isoprene-emitting plants displayed a different proteomic profile that is consistent with the metabolic changes already reported. Only ISPS DS plants were able to maintain the same photosynthesis and fresh weight of WW plants. LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis revealed changes in protein abundance that were dependent on the capacity for emitting isoprene in addition to those caused by the DS. The majority of the proteins changed in response to the interaction between DS and isoprene emission. These include proteins that are associated with the activation of secondary metabolisms leading to ABA, trehalose, and proline accumulations. Overall, our proteomic data suggest that isoprene exerts its protective mechanism at different levels: under drought stress, isoprene affects the abundance of chloroplast proteins, confirming a strong direct or indirect antioxidant action and also modulates signaling and hormone pathways, especially those controlling ABA synthesis. Unexpectedly, isoprene also alters membrane trafficking.
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38
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Ling S, Rizvi SAH, Xiong T, Liu J, Gu Y, Wang S, Zeng X. Volatile Signals From Guava Plants Prime Defense Signaling and Increase Jasmonate-Dependent Herbivore Resistance in Neighboring Citrus Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833562. [PMID: 35371180 PMCID: PMC8965645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can reduce agricultural pest incidence and represents an important sustainable alternative to conventional pest control methods. Citrus intercropped with guava (Psidium guajava L.) has a lower incidence of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) and huanglongbing disease (HLB), but the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we tested whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by guava plants play a role in plant-plant communications and trigger defense responses in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in the laboratory. The results showed that the behavioral preference and developmental performance of ACP on citrus plants that were exposed to guava VOCs were suppressed. The expression of defense-related pathways involved in early signaling, jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, protease inhibitor (PI), terpenoid, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis was induced in guava VOC-exposed citrus plants. Headspace analysis revealed that guava plants constitutively emit high levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), which can induce the accumulation of JA and promote stronger defense responses of citrus to ACP feeding. In addition, exposure to guava VOCs also increased the indirect defense of citrus by attracting the parasitic wasp Tamarixia radiata. Together, our findings indicate that citrus plants can eavesdrop on the VOC cues emitted by neighboring intact guava plants to boost their JA-dependent anti-herbivore activities. The knowledge gained from this study will provide mechanisms underlying citrus-guava intercropping for the ecological management of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Ling
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Insect Pest Management Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ting Xiong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Non-enzymatic formation of isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (2-MBO) by manganese. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2465. [PMID: 35165356 PMCID: PMC8844067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that isoprene synthesis by isoprene synthase (IspS) proceeds via a substrate-assisted mechanism. The authors observed a non-enzymatic isoprene formation by Mn2+, which represents the basis of IspS enzyme reaction. Because IspS and many other terpene synthases require Mn2+ metal ions as cofactor, this study characterized the formation reaction for the first time. Metal ions including Mn2+ non-enzymatically produced both isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (2-MBO) from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMADP). Isoprene formation was most enhanced by Fe2+ and, to a lesser extent, by Mn2+ or Cu2+. Ni2+, Co2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ exhibited a low activity to generate both isoprene and 2-MBO. The proportion of isoprene and 2-MBO varied with the Mn2+ concentration: isoprene predominated over 2-MBO at a higher Mn2+ concentration. Similarly, isoprene formation by Mn2+ increased exponentially as temperature increased with predominance of isoprene over 2-MBO at higher temperature. Both isoprene and 2-MBO formation was enhanced by acidic and neutral pH compared to alkaline conditions. Molecular dynamic simulation of DMADP suggested that the formation reaction is initiated by deprotonation of hydrogen on allyl terminal carbon by phosphate oxygen and generates carbocation and allyl anion intermediates. This is followed by quenching to produce isoprene or by hydroxyl addition to form 2-MBO. Thus, this study provided an insight into reaction mechanism of isoprene and 2-MBO biosynthesis and highlighted some parts of isoprene emission from terrestrial plants, which could be formed by non-enzymatic mechanism.
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Antifungal volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces setonii WY228 control black spot disease of sweet potato. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0231721. [PMID: 35108080 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02317-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms are considered as promising environmental-safety fumigants for controlling postharvest diseases. Ceratocystis fimbriata, the pathogen of black spot disease, seriously affects the quality and yield of sweet potato in the field and postharvest. This study tested the effects of VOCs produced by Streptomyces setonii WY228 on the control of C. fimbriata in vitro and in vivo. The VOCs exhibited strong antifungal activity and significantly inhibited the growth of C. fimbriata. During the 20-days storage, VOCs fumigation significantly controlled the occurrence of pathogen, increased the content of antioxidant and defense-related enzymes and flavonoids, and boosted the starch content so as to maintain the quality of sweet potato. Headspace analysis showed that volatiles 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and dimethyl disulfide significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. fimbriata in a dose dependent manner. Fumigation with 100 μL/L 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine completely controlled the pathogen in vivo after 10-days storage. Transcriptome analysis showed that volatiles mainly downregulated the ribosomal synthesis genes and activated the proteasome system of pathogen in response to VOCs stress, while the genes related to spore development, cell membrane synthesis, mitochondrial function, as well as hydrolase and toxin synthesis were also downregulated, indicating that WY228-produced VOCs act diverse modes of action for pathogen control. Our study demonstrates that fumigation of sweet potato tuberous roots with S. setonii WY228 or use of formulations based on the VOCs is a promising new strategy to control sweet potato and other food and fruit pathogens during storage and shipment. Importance Black spot disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata has caused huge economic losses to worldwide sweet potato production. At present, the control of C. fimbriata mainly depends on toxic fungicides, and there is a lack of effective alternative strategies. The research on biological control of sweet potato black spot disease is also very limited. The development of efficient biocontrol technique against pathogens using microbial volatile organic compounds could be an alternative method to control this disease. Our study revealed the significant biological control effect of volatile organic compounds of Streptomyces setonii WY228 on black spot disease of postharvest sweet potato and the complex antifungal mechanism against C. fimbriata. Our data demonstrated that Streptomyces setonii WY228 and its volatile 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine could be candidate strain and compound for the creation of fumigants, and showed the important potential of biotechnology application in the field of food and agriculture.
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Vlot AC, Rosenkranz M. Volatile compounds-the language of all kingdoms? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:445-448. [PMID: 35024870 PMCID: PMC8757488 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Brosset A, Blande JD. Volatile-mediated plant-plant interactions: volatile organic compounds as modulators of receiver plant defence, growth, and reproduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:511-528. [PMID: 34791168 PMCID: PMC8757495 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It is firmly established that plants respond to biotic and abiotic stimuli by emitting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs provide information on the physiological status of the emitter plant and are available for detection by the whole community. In the context of plant-plant interactions, research has focused mostly on the defence-related responses of receiver plants. However, responses may span hormone signalling and both primary and secondary metabolism, and ultimately affect plant fitness. Here we present a synthesis of plant-plant interactions, focusing on the effects of VOC exposure on receiver plants. An overview of the important chemical cues, the uptake and conversion of VOCs, and the adsorption of VOCs to plant surfaces is presented. This is followed by a review of the substantial VOC-induced changes to receiver plants affecting both primary and secondary metabolism and influencing plant growth and reproduction. Further research should consider whole-plant responses for the effective evaluation of the mechanisms and fitness consequences of exposure of the receiver plant to VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Brosset
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FIN-70211, Finland
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43
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Sharifi R, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. Belowground plant-microbe communications via volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:463-486. [PMID: 34727189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds play important roles in rhizosphere biological communications and interactions. The emission of plant and microbial volatiles is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by several endogenous and exogenous signals. Diffusion of volatiles can be limited by their adsorption, degradation, and dissolution under specific environmental conditions. Therefore, rhizosphere volatiles need to be investigated on a micro and spatiotemporal scale. Plant and microbial volatiles can expand and specialize the rhizobacterial niche not only by improving the root system architecture such that it serves as a nutrient-rich shelter, but also by inhibiting or promoting the growth, chemotaxis, survival, and robustness of neighboring organisms. Root volatiles play an important role in engineering the belowground microbiome by shaping the microbial community structure and recruiting beneficial microbes. Microbial volatiles are appropriate candidates for improving plant growth and health during environmental challenges and climate change. However, some technical and experimental challenges limit the non-destructive monitoring of volatile emissions in the rhizosphere in real-time. In this review, we attempt to clarify the volatile-mediated intra- and inter-kingdom communications in the rhizosphere, and propose improvements in experimental design for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Brambilla A, Sommer A, Ghirardo A, Wenig M, Knappe C, Weber B, Amesmaier M, Lenk M, Schnitzler JP, Vlot AC. Immunity-associated volatile emissions of β-ionone and nonanal propagate defence responses in neighbouring barley plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:615-630. [PMID: 34849759 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants activate biochemical responses to combat stress. (Hemi-)biotrophic pathogens are fended off by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a primed state allowing plants to respond faster and more strongly upon subsequent infection. Here, we show that SAR-like defences in barley (Hordeum vulgare) are propagated between neighbouring plants, which respond with enhanced resistance to the volatile cues from infected senders. The emissions of the sender plants contained 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with infection. Two of these, β-ionone and nonanal, elicited resistance upon plant exposure. Whole-genome transcriptomics analysis confirmed that interplant propagation of defence in barley is established as a form of priming. Although gene expression changes were more pronounced after challenge infection of the receiver plants with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, differential gene expression in response to the volatile cues of the sender plants included an induction of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HvHDA2) and priming of TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT-LIKE superfamily protein (HvTPL). Because HvHDA2 and HvTPL transcript accumulation was also enhanced by exposure of barley to β-ionone and nonanal, our data identify both genes as possible defence/priming markers in barley. Our results suggest that VOCs and plant-plant interactions are relevant for possible crop protection strategies priming defence responses in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brambilla
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Sommer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Knappe
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Baris Weber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Amesmaier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
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Howard MM, Bass E, Chautá A, Mutyambai D, Kessler A. Integrating plant-to-plant communication and rhizosphere microbial dynamics: ecological and evolutionary implications and a call for experimental rigor. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:5-9. [PMID: 34333553 PMCID: PMC8692333 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The perception of airborne chemical signals by plants can trigger reconfigurations of their metabolism that alter their biotic interactions. While plant-to-plant chemical communication has primarily been studied in the context of eliciting defenses to herbivores and pathogens, recent work suggests that it can also affect plants’ interactions with their rhizosphere microbiomes. In this perspective, we discuss the potential for integrating the fields of plant-to-plant communication and microbial ecology to understand the chemical ecology of plant−microbiome interactions. As an introduction for microbial ecologists, we highlight mechanistic knowledge gaps in plant volatile organic compound (VOC) perception and provide recommendations for avoiding common experimental errors that have plagued the plant communication field. Lastly, we discuss potential implications of plant VOCs structuring rhizosphere microbiomes, particularly effects on plant community and evolutionary dynamics. As we continue to discover links between plant metabolism and their microbiomes—from molecular to community scales—we hope that this perspective will provide both motivation and words of caution for researchers working at the intersection of these two fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M. Howard
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Ethan Bass
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Alexander Chautá
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Daniel Mutyambai
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA ,grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - André Kessler
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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46
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Loreto F, D'Auria S. How do plants sense volatiles sent by other plants? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:29-38. [PMID: 34544607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants communicate via the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with many animals as well as other plants. We still know little about how VOCs are perceived by receiving (eavesdropping) plants. Here we propose a multiple system of VOC perception, where stress-induced VOCs dock on odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) like in animals and are transported to as-yet-unknown receptors mediating downstream metabolic and/or behavioral changes. Constitutive VOCs that are broadly and lifelong emitted by plants do not bind OBPs but may directly change the metabolism of eavesdropping plants. Deciphering how plants listen to their talking neighbors could empower VOCs as a tool for bioinspired strategies of plant defense when challenged by abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute for Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy.
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47
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Hu L. Integration of multiple volatile cues into plant defense responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:618-623. [PMID: 34506634 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to predict future risks is essential for many organisms, including plants. Plants can gather information about potential future herbivory by detecting volatiles that are emitted by herbivore-attacked neighbors. Several individual volatiles have been identified as active danger cues. Recent work has also shown that plants may integrate multiple volatiles into their defense responses. Here, I discuss how the integration of multiple volatiles can increase the capacity of plants to predict future herbivore attack. I propose that integration of multiple volatile cues does not occur at the perception stage, but may through downstream early defense signaling and then be further consolidated by hormonal crosstalk. Exploring plant volatile cue integration can facilitate our understanding and utilization of chemical information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
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48
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Volf M, Volfová T, Seifert CL, Ludwig A, Engelmann RA, Jorge LR, Richter R, Schedl A, Weinhold A, Wirth C, van Dam NM. A mosaic of induced and non-induced branches promotes variation in leaf traits, predation and insect herbivore assemblages in canopy trees. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:729-739. [PMID: 34958165 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forest canopies are complex and highly diverse environments. Their diversity is affected by pronounced gradients in abiotic and biotic conditions, including variation in leaf chemistry. We hypothesised that branch-localised defence induction and vertical stratification in mature oaks constitute sources of chemical variation that extend across trophic levels. To test this, we combined manipulation of plant defences, predation monitoring, food-choice trials with herbivores and sampling of herbivore assemblages. Both induction and vertical stratification affected branch chemistry, but the effect of induction was stronger. Induction increased predation in the canopy and reduced herbivory in bioassays. The effects of increased predation affected herbivore assemblages by decreasing their abundance, and indirectly, their richness. In turn, we show that there are multiple factors contributing to variation across canopies. Branch-localised induction, variation between tree individuals and predation may be the ones with particularly strong effects on diverse assemblages of insects in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tereza Volfová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo L Seifert
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Ludwig
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf A Engelmann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ronny Richter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Institute for Geography, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Kreuzwieser J, Meischner M, Grün M, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Fasbender L, Werner C. Drought affects carbon partitioning into volatile organic compound biosynthesis in Scots pine needles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1930-1943. [PMID: 34523149 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of drought on the interplay of processes controlling carbon partitioning into plant primary and secondary metabolisms, such as respiratory CO2 release and volatile organic compound (VOC) biosynthesis, is not fully understood. To elucidate the effect of drought on the fate of cellular C sources into VOCs vs CO2 , we conducted tracer experiments with 13 CO2 and position-specific 13 C-labelled pyruvate, a key metabolite between primary and secondary metabolisms, in Scots pine seedlings. We determined the stable carbon isotope composition of leaf exchanged CO2 and VOC. Drought reduced the emission of the sesquiterpenes α-farnesene and β-farnesene but did not affect 13 C-incorporation from 13 C-pyruvate. The labelling patterns suggest that farnesene biosynthesis partially depends on isopentenyl diphosphate crosstalk between chloroplasts and cytosol, and that drought inhibits this process. Contrary to sesquiterpenes, drought did not affect emission of isoprene, monoterpenes and some oxygenated compounds. During the day, pyruvate was used in the TCA cycle to a minor degree but was mainly consumed in pathways of secondary metabolism. Drought partly inhibited such pathways, while allocation into the TCA cycle increased. Drought caused a re-direction of pyruvate consuming pathways, which contributed to maintenance of isoprene and monoterpene production despite strongly inhibited photosynthesis. This underlines the importance of these volatiles for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Mirjam Meischner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Michel Grün
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Lukas Fasbender
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
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50
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Prada F, Stashenko EE, Martínez JR. Volatiles Emission by Crotalaria nitens after Insect Attack. Molecules 2021; 26:6941. [PMID: 34834034 PMCID: PMC8618423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus Crotalaria (Fabaceae) attacked with the specialist lepidopteran caterpillar Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus) (Erebidae). In this work, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emitted by Crotalaria nitens Kunth plants were isolated with solid phase micro-extraction and the conventional purge and trap technique, and their identification was carried out by GC/MS. The poly-dimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber showed higher affinity for the extraction of apolar compounds (e.g., trans-β-caryophyllene) compared to the Porapak™-Q adsorbent from the purge & trap method that extracted more polar compounds (e.g., trans-nerolidol and indole). The compounds emitted by C. nitens were mainly green leaf volatile substances, terpenoids, aromatics, and aldoximes (isobutyraldoxime and 2-methylbutyraldoxime), whose maximum emission was six hours after the attack. The attack by caterpillars significantly increased the volatile compounds emission in the C. nitens leaves compared to those subjected to mechanical damage. This result indicated that the U. ornatrix caterpillar is responsible for generating a specific response in C. nitens plants. It was demonstrated that HIPVs repelled conspecific moths from attacked plants and favored oviposition in those without damage. The results showed the importance of volatiles in plant-insect interactions, as well as the choice of appropriate extraction and analytical methods for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Prada
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (F.P.); (J.R.M.)
- Colombia Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (F.P.); (J.R.M.)
- Colombia Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Jairo René Martínez
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (F.P.); (J.R.M.)
- Colombia Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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