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Bucciarelli V, Mattioli AV, Sciomer S, Moscucci F, Renda G, Gallina S. The Impact of Physical Activity and Inactivity on Cardiovascular Risk across Women's Lifespan: An Updated Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4347. [PMID: 37445383 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PI) represents a significant, modifiable risk factor that is more frequent and severe in the female population worldwide for all age groups. The physical activity (PA) gender gap begins early in life and leads to considerable short-term and long-term adverse effects on health outcomes, especially cardiovascular (CV) health. Our review aims to highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of PI across women's lifespan, describing the beneficial effects of PA in many physiological and pathological clinical scenarios and underlining the need for more awareness and global commitment to promote strategies to bridge the PA gender gap and limit PI in current and future female generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bucciarelli
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Policlinico Umberto I, 49971 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moscucci
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Policlinico Umberto I, 49971 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Renda
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Benefits of Exercise in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148300. [PMID: 35886152 PMCID: PMC9315465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a serious health problem worldwide. Similarly, eating disorders (EDs) are complex diseases that affect adolescents with an increasing prevalence and are an alarming health concern to both physical and mental health. Traditionally, obesity and EDs, particularly binge eating disorder (BED), have been considered separate conditions, but there is emerging evidence such as etiology, comorbidities, risk factors, psychosocial impairment, and prevention approaches, highlighting important overlaps among these conditions. In youth, the two conditions share risk factors and consequences at both the physical and psychological levels, requiring special care. Exercise, useful as strategy to prevent and treat overweight conditions, may have beneficial effects on BED symptoms, suggesting that it may be considered as one of the key factors in the treatment of individuals affected by obesity with BED. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the bidirectional impact of obesity and BED in adolescents, in terms of risk factors, etiology and comorbid conditions. Specifically, we focused on the benefits of physical activity (PA) in the multidisciplinary treatment of subjects affected by obesity with BED. Even though additional research is needed to reach conclusions about the role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and comorbid BED, especially in adolescents, promising results have already suggested that closely monitored exercise is safe and, paired with cognitive behavioral therapy, may provide multiple benefits on both the physical and psychological levels. Tailored and integrated treatments for weight management and eating disorders are important to promptly and effectively treat obese subjects that have BED.
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Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Mokhtari E, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Higher scores of dietary and lifestyle inflammatory indices are associated with increased risk of insulin-related disorders in Iranian adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1566-1575. [PMID: 35444270 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The roles of potential inflammation of diet and lifestyle in the risk of insulin-related disorders are unclear. In the current study, we aimed to assess the relationship between dietary inflammation scores (DIS), lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS), and dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) and the risk of insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia in Tehranian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 1,244 participants, aged ≥20 years, who were free of insulin-related disorders at baseline (2006-08), were followed for 3.2 years (2009-11) to ascertain the incidence of hyperinsulinemia and IR. A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the score of DIS, LIS, and DLIS at baseline. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratio (ORs) of insulin-related disorders across tertiles of DIS, LIS, and DLIS. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of participants (42.7% men) was 43.0 ± 13.0 years. During the 3.2 years follow-up, the incidence of IR and hyperinsulinemia was 30.0% and 20.0%, respectively. In the multivariable model, there was a direct association between the higher score of DLIS (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.17-3.74) and DIS (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.09-3.11) with the risk of IR incident (P for trend <0.05). Also, the higher score of LIS was related to increased risk of IR (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.19-4.37) and hyperinsulinemia (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.02-2.85) (P for trend <0.05). However, no significant association was observed between the higher score of DLIS and DIS with risk of hyperinsulinemia CONCLUSION: The higher inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, determined by DLIS, DIS, and LIS scores, were associated with a higher risk of IR. Also, individuals with a higher score of LIS are more prone to hyperinsulinemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Siwarom S, Aekplakorn W, Pirojsakul K, Paksi W, Kessomboon P, Neelapaichit N, Chariyalertsak S, Assanangkornchai S, Taneepanichskul S. Metabolic syndrome in Thai adolescents and associated factors: the Thai National Health Examination Survey V (NHES V). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:678. [PMID: 33827482 PMCID: PMC8028250 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in early life may influence cardiovascular outcome later in adulthood. There is limited data regarding MetS among Thai adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MetS and related factors in Thai adolescents. Methods Data on MetS components of 1934 Thai adolescents aged 10–16 years were obtained from the 5th National Health Examination Survey. Age at first screen time exposure, duration of screen time, frequency of food intake and physical activities were collected from interviews. MetS was defined according to 3 definitions: International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook’s, and de Ferranti’s. Results The prevalence of MetS was 4.1% by IDF, 8.0% by Cook’s, and 16.8% by de Ferranti’s definition. The overall prevalence was higher in male (19.0%) than female adolescents (15.3%). The most common MetS components composition among Thai adolescents was high waist circumference with high serum triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol (40.0% for IDF, 22.6% for Cook’s and 43.5% for de Ferranti’s definition). Exposure to screen media during the first 2 years of life had a 1.3- fold increased odds of MetS by 1 out of 3 definitions (OR 1.30, 95% CI. 1.01–1.68). Duration of physical activity associated with decreased odds of MetS by Cook’s definition (OR 0.96, 95% CI. 0.92–0.99). Conclusions The prevalence of MetS among Thai adolescents was higher than previously reported by other studies. Screen media exposure during the first 2 years of life should be discouraged and measures to promote physical activity among children and adolescents should be strengthen. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10728-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinapa Siwarom
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Thung Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kwanchai Pirojsakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witchuri Paksi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattapong Kessomboon
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nareemarn Neelapaichit
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Husøy A, Dalene KE, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U, Tarp J. Effect modification by cardiorespiratory fitness on the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in youth: A systematic review. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:845-853. [PMID: 33225807 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1847919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, but the interplay between these variables in relation to the cardiometabolic risk profile is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine whether the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health differs by levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE, filtered from 2001 up until July 2019. We obtained 8980 citations, with 6915 remaining after removal of duplicates. Estimates were retrieved from 18 studies. All included articles went through a risk of bias assessment. We found that 14 out of 20 (70%) effect-estimates supported stronger associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic health markers among low-fit youth as compared to their high-fit peers. The most consistent findings were observed with biochemical markers and blood pressure as outcomes. However, substantial uncertainty is associated with these findings as most of the included studies (~72%) had a high risk of bias. More than two-thirds of the findings supported greatest benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic risk markers in youth with low cardiorespiratory fitness, although the clinical importance of this difference is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Kamiński M, Gawrecki A, Araszkiewicz A, Szadkowska A, Skowrońska B, Stankiewicz W, Michalak A, Cieluch A, Dżygało K, Seget S, Biegański G, Adamska A, Ksiądz K, Szymańska-Garbacz E, Flotyńska J, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D. Nighttime Hypoglycemia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes after one Day of Football Tournament. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:972-980. [PMID: 32634846 DOI: 10.1055/a-1192-5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate factors related to the occurrence of nighttime hypoglycemia after a football tournament in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The multicenter study (GoalDiab study) included 189 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, from 11 diabetes care centers in Poland. Hypoglycemia was defined according to the International Hypoglycemia Study Group Statement. We analyzed the data of 95 participants with completed protocols with regards to nighttime hypoglycemia (82% male), aged 11.6 (9.8-14.2) years, diabetes duration 5.0 (2.0-8.0) years. There were 47 episodes of nighttime Level 1 hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/L). Occurrence of clinically important Level 2 hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L) during a game period was positively associated with nighttime hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/L) incident (Odds Ratio=10.7; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.1-100.2; p=0.04). Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring was negatively associated with the occurrence of nighttime hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/L) compared with using glucose meters or Flash Glucose Monitoring (Odds Ratio=0.31; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.12-0.83; p=0.02). The occurrence of clinically important hypoglycemia related to physical activity is associated with the occurrence of hypoglycemia during the night. Continuous Glucose Monitoring is negatively associated with nighttime hypoglycemia after a day of competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Kamiński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gawrecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Araszkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Michalak
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cieluch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dżygało
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sebastian Seget
- Department of Children's Diabetology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Biegański
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Adamska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ksiądz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Flotyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Cristi-Montero C, Chillón P, Labayen I, Casajus JA, Gonzalez-Gross M, Vanhelst J, Manios Y, Moreno LA., Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Cardiometabolic risk through an integrative classification combining physical activity and sedentary behavior in European adolescents: HELENA study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:55-62. [PMID: 30719384 PMCID: PMC6349585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity (PA), which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB). METHODS A cross-sectional study derived from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study database (2006-2008) was conducted in adolescents (n = 548; boys, 47.3%; 14.7 ± 1.2 years) from 10 European cities. MVPA and SB were objectively measured using accelerometry. Adolescents were divided into 4 categories according to MVPA (meeting or not meeting the international recommendations) and the median of SB time (above or below sex- and age-specific median) as follows: High-SB & Inactive, Low-SB & Inactive, High-SB & Active, and Low-SB & Active. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was computed using the homeostatic model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sum 4 skinfolds, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Analyses of covariance were performed to discern differences on cardiometabolic risk scores among PA categories and each health component. RESULTS The cardiometabolic risk score was lower in adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation and with less time spent in SB in comparison to the high-SB & Inactive group (p < 0.05). However, no difference in cardiometabolic risk score was established between High-SB or Low-SB groups in inactive adolescents. It is important to note that CRF was the only variable that showed a significant modification (higher) when children were compared from the category of physically inactive with "active" but not from high- to low-SB. CONCLUSION Being physically active is the most significant and protective outcome in adolescents to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Lower SB does not exhibit a significant and extra beneficial difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Palma Chillón
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18001, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria 01001, Spain
| | - José A. Casajus
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50001, Spain
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28001, Spain
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University of Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 10431, Greece
| | - Luis A . Moreno
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50001, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18001, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18001, Spain
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Adolfsson P, Riddell MC, Taplin CE, Davis EA, Fournier PA, Annan F, Scaramuzza AE, Hasnani D, Hofer SE. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19 Suppl 27:205-226. [PMID: 30133095 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Adolfsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Craig E Taplin
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Paul A Fournier
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Francesca Annan
- Children and Young People's Diabetes Service, University College London Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea E Scaramuzza
- Division of Pediatrics, ASST Cremona, "Ospedale Maggiore di Cremona", Cremona, Italy
| | - Dhruvi Hasnani
- Diacare-Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sabine E Hofer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bird SR, Hawley JA. Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 2:e000143. [PMID: 28879026 PMCID: PMC5569266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS This review presents established knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on whole-body insulin sensitivity (SI) and summarises the findings of recent (2013-2016) studies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Recent studies provide further evidence to support the notion that regular PA reduces the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and SI improves when individuals comply with exercise and/or PA guidelines. Many studies indicate a dose response, with higher energy expenditures and higher exercise intensities, including high intensity interval training (HIIT), producing greater benefits on whole-body SI, although these findings are not unanimous. Aerobic exercise interventions can improve SI without an associated increase in cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by maximal or peak oxygen consumption. Both aerobic and resistance exercise can induce improvements in glycaemic regulation, with some suggestions that exercise regimens including both may be more efficacious than either exercise mode alone. Some studies report exercise-induced benefits to SI that are independent of habitual diet and weight loss, while others indicate an association with fat reduction, hence the debate over the relative importance of PA and weight loss continues. During exercise, muscle contraction stimulated improvements in SI are associated with increases in AMPK activity, which deactivates TCB1D1, promoting GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane and thereby increasing glucose uptake. Postexercise, increases in Akt deactivate TCB1D4 and thereby increase GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. The reduction in intramuscular saturated fatty acids and concomitant reductions in ceramides, but not diacylglycerols, provide a potential link between intramuscular lipid content and SI. Increased skeletal muscle capillarisation provides another independent adaptation through which SI is improved, as does enhanced β cell activity. Recent studies are combining exercise interventions with dietary and feeding manipulations to investigate the potential for augmenting the exercise-induced improvements in SI and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Bird
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MaKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoibhe M Pasieka
- 1 School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- 1 School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, ON, Canada
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Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, Carson V, Chaput JP, Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Pate RR, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:S197-239. [PMID: 27306431 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1059] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Emerging evidence suggests other intensities of physical activity (PA), including light-intensity activity (LPA), may also be important, but there has been no rigorous evaluation of the evidence. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively measured PA (total and all intensities) and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Online databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies that met the a priori inclusion criteria: population (apparently healthy, aged 5-17 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (volumes, durations, frequencies, intensities, and patterns of objectively measured PA), and outcome (body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition/academic achievement, quality of life/well-being, harms, bone health, motor skill development, psychological distress, self-esteem). Heterogeneity among studies precluded meta-analyses; narrative synthesis was conducted. A total of 162 studies were included (204 171 participants from 31 countries). Overall, total PA was favourably associated with physical, psychological/social, and cognitive health indicators. Relationships were more consistent and robust for higher (e.g., MVPA) versus lower (e.g., LPA) intensity PA. All patterns of activity (sporadic, bouts, continuous) provided benefit. LPA was favourably associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers; data were scarce for other outcomes. These findings continue to support the importance of at least 60 min/day of MVPA for disease prevention and health promotion in children and youth, but also highlight the potential benefits of LPA and total PA. All intensities of PA should be considered in future work aimed at better elucidating the health benefits of PA in children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Joan Poitras
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Casey Ellen Gray
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Michael M Borghese
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- c Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Russell R Pate
- e Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sarah Connor Gorber
- f Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle E Kho
- g School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- h Library and Media Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, de la Monte SM. Apolipoprotein E4, Gender, Body Mass Index, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Air Pollution Interactions: Recipe for Alzheimer's Disease Development in Mexico City Young Females. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:613-630. [PMID: 28527212 PMCID: PMC9996388 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Given the epidemiological trends of increasing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and growing evidence that exposure and lifestyle factors contribute to AD risk and pathogenesis, attention should be paid to variables such as air pollution, in order to reduce rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above the US EPA standards is associated with AD risk. Mexico City children experienced pre- and postnatal high exposures to PM2.5, O3, combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and endotoxins. Exposures are associated with early brain gene imbalance in oxidative stress, inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, along with epigenetic changes, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cognitive deficits, and brain structural and metabolic changes. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele, the most prevalent genetic risk for AD, plays a key role in the response to air pollution in young girls. APOE 4 heterozygous females with >75% to <94% BMI percentiles are at the highest risk of severe cognitive deficits (1.5-2 SD from average IQ). This review focused on the relationships between gender, BMI, systemic and neural inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, dyslipidemia, vascular risk factors, and central nervous system involvement in APOE4 urbanites exposed to PM2.5 and magnetite combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles that can reach the brain. APOE4 young female heterozygous carriers constitute a high-risk group for a fatal disease: AD. Multidisciplinary intervention strategies could be critical for prevention or amelioration of cognitive deficits and long-term AD progression in young individuals at high risk.
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Gralla MH, McDonald SM, Breneman C, Beets MW, Moore JB. Associations of Objectively Measured Vigorous Physical Activity With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth: A Review. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 13:61-97. [PMID: 30627080 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615624417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Increasing evidence suggests that vigorous physical activity (VPA) in youth may yield greater health benefits than moderate (MPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this review was to assess the relationship between PA intensity and body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic (CM) biomarkers in youth. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies examining PA intensity and selected health outcomes in youth aged 6 to 18 years. Forty-five articles were selected for final review. Results. VPA was more strongly associated with reduced body fat and central adiposity compared with MPA and/or MVPA. Additionally, VPA was more strongly associated with increased CRF when compared with lower intensities. Findings were inconclusive between all PA intensity levels and CM biomarkers, and several significant relationships observed for VPA were attenuated when controlling for CRF. Conclusions. A potential VPA dose is identified as yielding favorable health benefits in adiposity and fitness. While CM biomarkers were not consistently associated with PA intensity level, the literature suggests VPA may yield health benefits above those received from MPA for reduced adiposity and improved CRF. This review highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to determine optimal VPA dose for CM health in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan H Gralla
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, Maryland (MHG)
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (SMM, CB, MWB)
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (JBM)
| | - Samantha M McDonald
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, Maryland (MHG)
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (SMM, CB, MWB)
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (JBM)
| | - Charity Breneman
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, Maryland (MHG)
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (SMM, CB, MWB)
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (JBM)
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, Maryland (MHG)
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (SMM, CB, MWB)
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (JBM)
| | - Justin B Moore
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, Maryland (MHG)
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (SMM, CB, MWB)
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (JBM)
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Julian V, Thivel D, Pereira B, Costes F, Richard R, Duclos M. Improving Peripheral and Central Vascular Adjustments during Exercise through a Training Program in Adolescents with Obesity. Obes Facts 2016; 9:321-331. [PMID: 27701156 PMCID: PMC5644802 DOI: 10.1159/000447456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of a training program (TP) on muscle microvascularization during exercise remained to be explored in adolescents with obesity. We hypothesized that a TP would lead to better microvascular adaptations to exercise in skeletal muscle. METHODS 15 inactive adolescents followed a 12-week TP where both peripheral (muscular microvascularization) and central (cardiac) adaptations to exercise (40 min exercise set at 70% V̇O2peak) were assessed before and after intervention. Microvascular adaptations were evaluated in the Musculus vastus lateralis with near-infrared spectroscopy, by measurement of muscular blood volume (IR-BV) and tissue oxygen saturation (IR-SO2). Central adaptations were evaluated using thoracic impedance. RESULTS The TP favored lower BMI (p < 0.001), lower total and abdominal fat (p < 0.001), and a trend for the decrease in insulin resistance index (p = 0.07). V̇O2peak relative to weight (p = 0.008) and maximum power output increased (p = 0.0003). A smaller initial drop in IR-BV and IR-SO2 (p < 0.001), a prompter return of these parameters to their base values, and a higher IR-BV and IR-SO2 all times taken together (p < 0.001) were observed after completing the TP. Concerning central adaptation, cardiac output decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time by noninvasive techniques that a training program induces peripheral and central vascular adaptations to exercise in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Dr. Valérie Julian, Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France,
| | - David Thivel
- AME2P Laboratory, Bat Bio B, Campus Universitaire des Cezeaux, Aubiere Cedex. France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (Department of Clinical Research and Innovation), University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Lidegaard LP, Hansen ALS, Johansen NB, Witte DR, Brage S, Lauritzen T, Jørgensen ME, Christensen DL, Færch K. Physical activity energy expenditure vs cardiorespiratory fitness level in impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2709-17. [PMID: 26342596 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Little is known about the relative roles of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as determinants of glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of PAEE and CRF with markers of glucose metabolism, and to test the hypothesis that CRF modifies the association between PAEE and glucose metabolism. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from 755 adults from the Danish ADDITION-PRO study. On the basis of OGTT results, participants without known diabetes were classified as having normal glucose tolerance, isolated impaired fasting glycaemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), combined IFG + IGT or screen-detected diabetes mellitus. Markers of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were determined. PAEE was measured using a combined heart rate and movement sensor. CRF (maximal oxygen uptake) was estimated using a submaximal 8 min step test. The associations were examined by linear regression analysis. Results were adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS PAEE and CRF were reduced in individuals with i-IGT, combined IFG + IGT and screen-detected diabetes mellitus, but were not significantly different in individuals with i-IFG compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. When adjusting CRF for PAEE and vice versa, PAEE and CRF were both associated with lower fasting and 2 h insulin and higher peripheral insulin sensitivity. CRF was additionally associated with lower fasting and 2 h glucose and higher insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. There was no interaction between CRF and PAEE for any markers of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Only CRF, not PAEE, appears to be independently associated with plasma glucose levels and beta cell function, suggesting that CRF may be particularly important for glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke P Lidegaard
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Louise S Hansen
- Department of Public Health - Institute of General Medical Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Johansen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health - Institute of General Medical Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health - Institute of General Medical Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dirk L Christensen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Section of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Franco-Lira M, D'Angiulli A, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Blaurock-Busch E, Busch Y, Chao CK, Thompson C, Mukherjee PS, Torres-Jardón R, Perry G. Mexico City normal weight children exposed to high concentrations of ambient PM2.5 show high blood leptin and endothelin-1, vitamin D deficiency, and food reward hormone dysregulation versus low pollution controls. Relevance for obesity and Alzheimer disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:579-592. [PMID: 26037109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Millions of Mexico, US and across the world children are overweight and obese. Exposure to fossil-fuel combustion sources increases the risk for obesity and diabetes, while long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above US EPA standards is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mexico City Metropolitan Area children are chronically exposed to PM2.5 and O3 concentrations above the standards and exhibit systemic, brain and intrathecal inflammation, cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer disease neuropathology. We investigated adipokines, food reward hormones, endothelial dysfunction, vitamin D and apolipoprotein E (APOE) relationships in 80 healthy, normal weight 11.1±3.2 year olds matched by age, gender, BMI and SES, low (n: 26) versus high (n:54) PM2.5 exposures. Mexico City children had higher leptin and endothelin-1 (p<0.01 and p<0.000), and decreases in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP 1), ghrelin, and glucagon (<0.02) versus controls. BMI and leptin relationships were significantly different in low versus high PM2.5 exposed children. Mexico City APOE 4 versus 3 children had higher glucose (p=0.009). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<30 ng/mL was documented in 87% of Mexico City children. Leptin is strongly positively associated to PM 2.5 cumulative exposures. Residing in a high PM2.5 and O3 environment is associated with 12h fasting hyperleptinemia, altered appetite-regulating peptides, vitamin D deficiency, and increases in ET-1 in clinically healthy children. These changes could signal the future trajectory of urban children towards the development of insulin resistance, obesity, type II diabetes, premature cardiovascular disease, addiction-like behavior, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Increased efforts should be made to decrease pediatric PM2.5 exposures, to deliver health interventions prior to the development of obesity and to identify and mitigate environmental factors influencing obesity and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11649, Mexico.
| | | | - Amedeo D'Angiulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Joel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Saltillo, Coahuila 25204, Mexico
| | | | - Yvette Busch
- Clinical and Environmental Laboratory Micro Trace Minerals (MTM), 91217 Hersbruck, Germany
| | - Chih-kai Chao
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Charles Thompson
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Laurson KR, Saint-Maurice PF, Karsai I, Csányi T. Cross-Validation of FITNESSGRAM® Health-Related Fitness Standards in Hungarian Youth. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2015; 86 Suppl 1:S13-S20. [PMID: 26054951 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1042800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to cross-validate FITNESSGRAM® aerobic and body composition standards in a representative sample of Hungarian youth. METHOD A nationally representative sample (N = 405) of Hungarian adolescents from the Hungarian National Youth Fitness Study (ages 12-18.9 years) participated in an aerobic capacity assessment via treadmill test to maximum to determine peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and a bioelectrical impedance assessment to estimate percent body fat (%BF). Additionally, metabolic syndrome status was assessed via finger-stick blood sample. Youth were categorized into Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) and Needs Improvement (NI) groups based on Fitnessgram standards. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was calculated and logistic regression was used to estimate odds of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Hungarian youth were generally fit with a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Approximately 69% to 77% of boys and 55% to 57% of girls were classified into the HFZ based on %BF and VO2peak. Youth in the NI health risk zones for VO2peak and %BF were 4 times to 5 and 2 times to 3 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome than children in the lower-risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fitnessgram standards for aerobic capacity and body composition were associated with metabolic syndrome status, though odds ratios were larger for VO2peak than for %BF and varied by sex. Even though these standards were developed in U.S. youth, they can be applied in Hungary and still provide a criterion-referenced indication of fitness.
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Robertson K, Riddell MC, Guinhouya BC, Adolfsson P, Hanas R. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2014. Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2014; 15 Suppl 20:203-23. [PMID: 25182315 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Robertson
- Greater Glasgow & Clyde Children's Diabetes Service, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Saavedra JM, Escalante Y, Domínguez AM, García-Hermoso A, Hernández-Mocholí MA. Prediction of correlates of daily physical activity in Spanish children aged 8-9 years. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:e213-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Saavedra
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - Y. Escalante
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - A. M. Domínguez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - A. García-Hermoso
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - M. A. Hernández-Mocholí
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFICAV Research Group; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
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