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Dal Bò E, Cecchetto C, Callara AL, Greco A, Mura F, Vanello N, Di Francesco F, Scilingo EP, Gentili C. Emotion perception through the nose: how olfactory emotional cues modulate the perception of neutral facial expressions in affective disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:342. [PMID: 39181892 PMCID: PMC11344772 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans can decode emotional states from the body odors of the conspecifics and this type of emotional communication is particularly relevant in conditions in which social interactions are impaired, as in depression and social anxiety. The present study aimed to explore how body odors collected in happiness and fearful conditions modulate the subjective ratings, the psychophysiological response and the neural processing of neutral faces in individuals with depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and healthy controls (N = 22 per group). To this aim, electrocardiogram (ECG) and HD-EEG were recorded continuously. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was extracted from the ECG as a measure of vagal tone, event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbations (ERPSs) were extracted from the EEG. The results revealed that the HRV increased during the fear and happiness body odors conditions compared to clean air, but no group differences emerged. For ERPs data, repeated measure ANOVA did not show any significant effects. However, the ERPSs analyses revealed a late increase in delta power and a reduced beta power both at an early and a late stage of stimulus processing in response to the neutral faces presented with the emotional body odors, regardless of the presence of depressive or social anxiety symptoms. The current research offers new insights, demonstrating that emotional chemosignals serve as potent environmental cues. This represents a substantial advancement in comprehending the impact of emotional chemosignals in both individuals with and without affective disorders.
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Grants
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 824153 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- DM 11/05/2017 n. 262 Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- European Union - Next Generation EU, in the context of The National Recovery and Resilience Plan, Investment 1.5 Ecosystems of Innovation, Project Tuscany Health Ecosystem (THE), Spoke 3 "Advanced technologies, methods, materials and heath analytics " CUP: I53C22000780001
- PNRR - M4C2 - Investimento 1.3, Partenariato Esteso PE00000013 - “FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research” - Spoke 1 “Human-centered AI”, funded by the European Commission under the NextGeneration EU programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Greco
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mura
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Simoncini G, Borghesi F, Cipresso P. Linking Affect Dynamics and Well-Being: A Novel Methodological Approach for Mental Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1690. [PMID: 39273715 PMCID: PMC11395663 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12171690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions are dynamic processes; their variability relates to psychological well-being and psychopathology. Affective alterations have been linked to mental diseases like depression, although little is known about how similar patterns occur in healthy individuals. This study investigates the psychophysiological correlations of emotional processing in healthy subjects, specifically exploring the relationship between depressive traits, cognitive distortions, and facial electromyographic (f-EMG) responses during affective transitions. A cohort of 44 healthy participants underwent f-EMG recording while viewing emotional images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Self-report measures included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS). Higher BDI scores were associated with increased EMG activity in the corrugator muscle during transitions between positive and negative emotional states. Cognitive distortions such as Catastrophizing, All-or-Nothing Thinking, and Minimization showed significant positive correlations with EMG activity, indicating that individuals with higher levels of these distortions experienced greater facial muscle activation during emotional transitions. This study's results indicate that there is a bidirectional correlation between depressed features and cognitive distortions and alterations in facial emotional processing, even in healthy subjects. Facial EMG in the context of dynamic affective transitions has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for detecting abnormal emotional reactions at an early stage. This might help in identifying individuals who are at risk of developing depression and guide therapies to prevent its advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Simoncini
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
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3
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Letkiewicz AM, Funkhouser CJ, Umemoto A, Trivedi E, Sritharan A, Zhang E, Buchanan SN, Helgren F, Allison GO, Kayser J, Shankman SA, Auerbach RP. Neurophysiological responses to emotional faces predict dynamic fluctuations in affect in adolescents. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14476. [PMID: 37905333 PMCID: PMC10939961 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately identify and interpret others' emotions is critical for social and emotional functioning during adolescence. Indeed, previous research has identified that laboratory-based indices of facial emotion recognition and engagement with emotional faces predict adolescent mood states. Whether socioemotional information processing relates to real-world affective dynamics using an ecologically sensitive approach, however, has rarely been assessed. In the present study, adolescents (N = 62; ages 13-18) completed a Facial Recognition Task, including happy, angry, and sad stimuli, while EEG data were acquired. Participants also provided ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data probing their current level of happiness, anger, and sadness for 1-week, resulting in indices of emotion (mean-level, inertia, instability). Analyses focused on relations between (1) accuracy for and (2) prolonged engagement with (LPP) emotional faces and EMA-reported emotions. Greater prolonged engagement with happy faces was related to less resistance to changes in happiness (i.e., less happiness inertia), whereas greater prolonged engagement with angry faces associated with more resistance to changes in anger (i.e., greater anger inertia). Results suggest that socioemotional processes captured by laboratory measures have real-world implications for adolescent affective states and highlight potentially actionable targets for novel treatment approaches (e.g., just-in-time interventions). Future studies should continue to assess relations among socioemotional informational processes and dynamic fluctuations in adolescent affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Letkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carter J. Funkhouser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akina Umemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Esha Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sritharan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Savannah N. Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fiona Helgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace O. Allison
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CA
| | - Jürgen Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA
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Grasser LR, Erjo T, Goodwin MS, Naim R, German RE, White J, Cullins L, Tseng WL, Stoddard J, Brotman MA. Can peripheral psychophysiological markers predict response to exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy in youth with severely impairing irritability? A study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:926. [PMID: 38082431 PMCID: PMC10712194 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritability, an increased proneness to anger, is a primary reason youth present for psychiatric care. While initial evidence supports the efficacy of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with clinically impairing irritability, treatment mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we propose to measure peripheral psychophysiological indicators of arousal-heart rate (HR)/electrodermal activity (EDA)-and regulation-heart rate variability (HRV)-during exposures to anger-inducing stimuli as potential predictors of treatment efficacy. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether in-situ biosensing data provides peripheral physiological indicators of in-session response to exposures. METHODS Blood volume pulse (BVP; from which HR and HRV canl be derived) and EDA will be collected ambulatorily using the Empatica EmbracePlus from 40 youth (all genders; ages 8-17) undergoing six in-person exposure treatment sessions, as part of a multiple-baseline trial of exposure-based CBT for clinically impairing irritability. Clinical ratings of irritability will be conducted at baseline, weekly throughout treatment, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups via the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) and the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI; clinician-, parent-, and child-report). Multilevel modeling will be used to assess within- and between-person changes in physiological arousal and regulation throughout exposure-based CBT and to determine whether individual differences are predictive of treatment response. DISCUSSION This study protocol leverages a wearable biosensor (Empatica) to continuously record HR/HRV (derived from BVP) and EDA during in-person exposure sessions for youth with clinically impairing irritability. Here, the goal is to identify changes in physiological arousal (EDA, HR) and regulation (HRV) over the course of treatment in tandem with changes in clinical symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION The participants in this study come from an overarching clinical trial (trial registration numbers: NCT02531893 first registered on 8/25/2015; last updated on 8/25/2023). The research project and all related materials were submitted and approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ruvolo Grasser
- Neuroscience and Novel Therapeutics Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Trinity Erjo
- Neuroscience and Novel Therapeutics Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Goodwin
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reut Naim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ramaris E German
- Neuroscience and Novel Therapeutics Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamell White
- Neuroscience and Novel Therapeutics Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Cullins
- Neuroscience and Novel Therapeutics Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Stoddard
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Neuroscience and Novel Therapeutics Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Han ZR, Yan J, Yang X, Guo M, West KB, Suveg C, Wang H. The impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents: an event-related potential study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:58. [PMID: 37170287 PMCID: PMC10176778 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with dysregulated emotional processing. However, less is known about the intra-personal and inter-personal impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents. METHODS In a community sample of 36 parent-child dyads (total N = 72), the current study investigated the intra- and inter-personal effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the child's and the parent's neurophysiological responses to emotional (i.e., pleasant and unpleasant) stimuli, indexed by the late positive potential (LPP). RESULTS The results indicated that children's anxiety symptoms were correlated with their enhanced LPPs to pleasant versus neutral pictures. Additionally, children's depressive symptoms related to their increased LPPs to unpleasant stimuli. Importantly, children's anxiety symptoms were associated with their parents' increased LPPs to both unpleasant and pleasant information. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that anxiety symptoms in community children were related to their own as well as their parents' emotional processing. The findings contribute to cognitive and family models of anxiety and depression and further highlight the potential role of dyadic interventions for the alleviation of impairing symptoms in children and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Julia Yan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mingjia Guo
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cynthia Suveg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, No. 18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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6
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Yang X, Chen L, Yang P, Yang X, Liu L, Li L. Negative emotion-conditioned prepulse induces the attentional enhancement of prepulse inhibition in humans. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114179. [PMID: 36330905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a reduction of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) when the startling stimulus is preceded by a weaker and non-startling stimulus (i.e., prepulse). Previous studies have revealed that PPI can be top-down modulated by selective attention to the fear-conditioned prepulse in animals. However, few researchers have tested this assumption in humans. Thus, in this study, the negative emotional-conditioned prepulse (CS+) was used to explore whether it could improve participants' attention, and further improve the PPI. The results showed that the CS+ prepulse increased the PPI only in females, PPI produced by CS+ prepulse was larger in females than in males, and the perceptual spatial attention further improved the PPI in both females and males. The results suggested that the PPI was affected by emotional, perceptual spatial attention, and sex. These findings highlight an additional method to measure top-down attentional regulation of PPI in humans. Which may offer a useful route to enhance the diagnosis of affective disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yang
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China.
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Dell’Acqua C, Palomba D, Patron E, Messerotti Benvenuti S. Rethinking the risk for depression using the RDoC: A psychophysiological perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1108275. [PMID: 36814670 PMCID: PMC9939768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that the classical categorical approach to mental disorders does not allow a clear identification of at-risk conditions, the dimensional approach provided by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is useful in the exploration of vulnerability to psychopathology. In the RDoC era, psychophysiological models have an important role in the reconceptualization of mental disorders. Indeed, progress in the study of depression vulnerability has increasingly been informed by psychophysiological models. By adopting an RDoC lens, this narrative review focuses on how psychophysiological models can be used to advance our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying depression vulnerability. Findings from psychophysiological research that explored multiple RDoC domains in populations at-risk for depression are reviewed and discussed. Future directions for the application of psychophysiological research in reaching a more complete understanding of depression vulnerability and, ultimately, improving clinical utility, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell’Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy,*Correspondence: Carola Dell’Acqua, ✉
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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8
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Fedorenko EJ, Barnwell PV, Selby EA, Contrada RJ. Associations between the late positive potential and PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among trauma-exposed undergraduates. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108499. [PMID: 36669617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The late positive potential (LPP) is a neural marker of attention to emotional stimuli; dysregulations in those attentional processes might contribute to trauma-related psychopathology. Although higher LPP amplitudes to negative images have been found to be associated with anxiety symptoms, results have been mixed regarding depressive and PTSD symptoms, especially among trauma-exposed populations. Further, the relationships between the LPP to positive and neutral images and psychopathology symptoms have been underexamined. The purpose of the current study was to test the effects of image valence, and PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms on LPP amplitude among trauma-exposed undergraduates. METHOD Seventy-three trauma-exposed undergraduates viewed a series of negative, positive, and neutral images while LPPs were recorded. Self-report measures were used to assess recent PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling tested valence and symptom main effects, as well as Valence by Symptom interactions on LPP amplitude. RESULTS We found a main effect of valence such that individuals exhibited higher LPP amplitudes to negative images compared to neutral images. We also found a Valence by Depressive Symptoms interaction such that there was an inverse relationship between depressive symptoms and the LPP to neutral images but no associations between depressive symptoms and the LPP for positive or negative images. We found no main effects or interactions for anxiety and PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms might be related to diminished attention to neutral stimuli among trauma-exposed undergraduates. Further investigation of the relationship between the LPP and psychopathology is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J Fedorenko
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Patrick V Barnwell
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Richard J Contrada
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Berg M, Riehle M, Rief W, Lincoln T. Does partial blockade of dopamine D2 receptors with Amisulpride cause anhedonia? An experimental study in healthy volunteers. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:409-416. [PMID: 36680855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a frequent cause of functional impairment in psychosis. Although it is plausible that medication-induced D2 receptor blockade could diminish hedonic responding, there is little experimental research testing this hypothesis in humans. METHODS To inspect possible effects of partial D2 blockade on hedonic experiences, we administered 300 mg of Amisulpride or placebo to 85 participants in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were then subjected to an emotional evocation task utilizing standardized pictorial pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant stimuli. RESULTS We observed lower positivity ratings in the Amisulpride group compared to placebo across all stimulus categories (p = .026, f = 0.25) and no group differences in negativity or arousal ratings. The Amisulpride group also showed lower electrodermal responses across all stimulus categories compared to placebo (p = .017, f = 0.27). The electrodermal response was especially diminished for pleasant stimuli. CONCLUSION We interpret our findings as evidence that D2 blockade via Amisulpride can reduce at-the-moment hedonic responsivity in healthy volunteers. If these results can be confirmed in drug-naïve clinical samples, this would indicate that antipsychotic medication contributes to clinical anhedonia, probably via antagonistic effects at the dopamine D2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Berg
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Dept. of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Gutenbergstraße 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Riehle
- Universität Hamburg, Dept. of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Von-Melle-Park 5, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Dept. of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Gutenbergstraße 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tania Lincoln
- Universität Hamburg, Dept. of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Von-Melle-Park 5, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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James TA, Duarte A. Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced positivity preferences in episodic memory in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:38-51. [PMID: 36371815 PMCID: PMC11212072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related positivity preferences are represented as greater memory benefits for positive and/or reduced benefits for negative material with age. It is unknown if positivity preferences are limited to older adults without depressive symptoms. In this fMRI study, adults across the lifespan with a range of depressive symptoms were scanned as they rated emotional intensity of images and subsequently completed a recognition memory task. Behavioral, univariate, and functional connectivity analyses provided evidence for interactive effects between age and depressive symptoms. With low depressive symptoms, typical age-related emotional preferences emerged: younger age was associated with better memory for negative images, and this benefit was reduced with older age. With increasing depressive symptoms in older age, positivity preferences were reduced, manifesting as improvements in negative memory. The neural data highlighted potential underlying mechanisms, including reductions in prefrontal cortex connectivity reflecting diminished ability to engage regulatory processes to reduce negative affect in older participants with higher depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms in older adulthood reduce positivity preferences through alterations in neural networks underlying emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A James
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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11
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Ligeza TS, Maciejczyk M, Wyczesany M, Junghofer M. The effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and neural emotional reactivity in depressed and healthy young adults: A late positive potential study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14137. [PMID: 35790005 PMCID: PMC10078493 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depression has been characterized by lowered mood and unfavorable changes in neural emotional reactivity (altered brain responses to emotional stimuli). Physical exercise is a well-established strategy to improve the mood of healthy and depressed individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that exercise might also improve emotional reactivity in healthy adults by increasing or decreasing brain responses to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. It is unknown, however, if exercise could also benefit emotional reactivity in depressed individuals. We investigated the effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and emotional reactivity in 24 depressed and 24 matched healthy young adults. Self-reported mood and neural reactivity to emotional pictures (indexed by the EEG late positive potential, LPP) were assessed before and after two experimental protocols: exercise (36 min of moderate-intensity exercise at 75% of maximal heart rate) and seated rest condition (36 min). In the healthy control group, exercise improved self-reported mood and neural emotional reactivity (increasing LPP to positive pictures). In the depressed group, exercise improved self-reported mood; however, it did not affect neural emotional reactivity. Additional analyses performed on both groups revealed that exercise-induced changes in emotional reactivity are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms: the effectiveness of exercise in improving emotional reactivity decreases with the severity of depressive symptoms. Overall, the study further strengthens the claim of a beneficial role of exercise on mood and emotional reactivity. It also suggests that a single aerobic exercise session might have a limited influence on neural emotional reactivity in depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz S. Ligeza
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of PsychologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and SportUniversity of Physical EducationKrakówPoland
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of PsychologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Markus Junghofer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal analysisUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
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12
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Granros M, MacNamara A, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Burkhouse KL. Neural reactivity to affective stimuli and internalizing symptom dimensions in a transdiagnostic patient sample. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:770-779. [PMID: 35848494 PMCID: PMC9729372 DOI: 10.1002/da.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) are highly comorbid and exhibit substantial overlap, such as aberrant affective reactivity. Neural reactivity to emotional images, measured via the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) component, has been utilized to index affective reactivity in IPs. The LPP is often examined in isolation with a specific disorder, ignoring overlap between IPs. The current study examined how transdiagnostic IP symptom dimensions relate to neural affective reactivity in a highly comorbid patient sample. METHODS Participants (N = 99) completed a battery of IP symptom assessments as well as a target categorization task while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images during electroencephalography recording. ERPs to each image valence were averaged from 400 to 1000 ms following picture onset at pooled centroparietal and occipital electrodes to calculate the LPP. A principal components analysis performed on the IP symptom measures resulted in two factors: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. RESULTS Fear-based anxiety was associated with enhanced LPP reactivity to unpleasant, but not pleasant, images. Distress/misery was related to attenuated average LPP reactivity across images. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed a dissociable effect of IP symptom factors in a transdiagnostic sample such that enhanced reactivity to negative images was specific to enhanced fear-based anxiety symptoms while distress/misery symptoms predicted blunted affective reactivity. Neural affective reactivity may serve as an objective biological marker to elucidate the nature of psychological concerns in individuals with comorbid IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Granros
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie L. Burkhouse
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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13
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Li S, Guo X, Liu Z, Liu S, Liu Z. Abnormal functional connectivity in resting state contributes to the weaker emotional sensitivity to reward in depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:640-650. [PMID: 36548202 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2156480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is one of the most prevalent mental diseases characterized by distortions in the affective sphere. By using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technique, the current study aimed to investigate neural mechanisms associated with emotional sensitivity to reward, which represented the variation of emotional responsiveness as the degree of reward changing in individuals with depressive symptoms. METHODS We recruited 28 participants in elevated depressive symptoms (LD) group and 28 demographic-matched participants in low depressive symptoms (ED) group. After the rs-fMRI scan, participants were asked to complete a sequential risk-taking task, in which they might encounter both reward and loss. RESULTS The resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between ventral striatum (VS) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was associated with the emotional sensitivity to reward in LD group. Compared with LD group, participants in ED group showed weaker emotional sensitivity to reward and stronger rs-FC between VS and prefrontal regions. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlighted that the functional connectivity between VS and IFG in the resting state was related to the emotional sensitivity to reward in individuals with low depressive symptoms. However, individuals with elevated depressive symptoms exhibited altered functional connectivity between VS and IFG in the resting state, which might contribute to their weaker emotional sensitivity to reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Mental Health Education for College Students, School of Marxism, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Sun CW, Yan C, Lv QY, Wang YJ, Xiao WY, Wang Y, Yi ZH, Wang JK. Emotion Context Insensitivity is generalized in individuals with major depressive disorder but not in those with subclinical depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:204-213. [PMID: 35777495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed individuals experience deficits in emotional reactivity. One well-established theory is the Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI) theory. To better understand impairments in emotional reactivity, we investigated whether the ECI theory is applicable to anticipatory, consummatory, and remembered affect, in both clinical and subclinical depression. METHODS Participants were divided into four groups: Major Depressive Disorder Group (MDD, N = 60), Control Group for MDD (ControlMDD, N = 50), Subclinical Depression Group (SD, N = 56), and Control Group for SD (ControlSD, N = 56). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the severity of depression and anhedonia symptoms. The Monetary Incentive Delay Task evaluated participants' affective responses towards monetary stimuli. RESULTS The MDD group was more insensitive to both monetary reward and loss across most types of affect than was the control group. Compared with the controls, the SD group exhibited lower reactivity in anticipatory positive affect but enhanced reactivity in consummatory positive, anticipatory, and remembered negative affect. LIMITATIONS Emotional affect was evaluated by subjective ratings, which may lack objectivity. Additionally, laboratory settings and monetary rewards used in this study may cause the results less generalized to daily life and to other types of rewards. CONCLUSION The pattern of emotional reactivity in the MDD group was partly consistent with the ECI theory, whereas the SD group showed greater arousal and instability of emotional reactions. These different patterns could facilitate the understanding of emotional reactivity and develop further treatments across the course of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qin-Yu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ji-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Wilson S, Benning SD, Racine SE. Examining relationships among thin-ideal internalization, eating pathology, and motivational reactions to high- and low-calorie food. Appetite 2022; 178:106258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Sheoran H, Srivastava P. Self-Reported Depression Is Associated With Aberration in Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Concept Coding. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814234. [PMID: 35814123 PMCID: PMC9267768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, alterations in mood, emotion dysregulation are just a few of the consequences of depression. Despite depression being reported as the most common mental disorder worldwide, examining depression or risks of depression is still challenging. Emotional reactivity has been observed to predict the risk of depression, but the results have been mixed for negative emotional reactivity (NER). To better understand the emotional response conflict, we asked our participants to describe their feeling in meaningful sentences alongside reporting their reactions to the emotionally evocative words. We presented a word on the screen and asked participants to perform two tasks, rate their feeling after reading the word using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) scale, and describe their feeling using the property generation task. The emotional content was analyzed using a novel machine-learning algorithm approach. We performed these two tasks in blocks and randomized their order across participants. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to categorize participants into self-reported non-depressed (ND) and depressed (D) groups. Compared to the ND, the D group reported reduced positive emotional reactivity when presented with extremely pleasant words regardless of their arousal levels. However, no significant difference was observed between the D and ND groups for negative emotional reactivity. In contrast, we observed increased sadness and inclination toward low negative context from descriptive content by the D compared to the ND group. The positive content analyses showed mixed results. The contrasting results between the emotional reactivity and emotional content analyses demand further examination between cohorts of self-reported depressive symptoms, no-symptoms, and MDD patients to better examine the risks of depression and help design early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Perception and Cognition Research Group, Cognitive Science Lab, Kohli Center on Intelligent Systems, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Monopoli WJ, Huet A, Allan NP, Judah MR, Bunford N. Distinct aspects of emotion dysregulation differentially correspond to magnitude and slope of the late positive potential to affective stimuli. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:372-383. [PMID: 34775912 PMCID: PMC8860885 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.2000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTEmotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for several forms of psychopathology. One established, integrative conceptualisation of ED that has informed our understanding of psychopathology (Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation : development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54) was recently extended to account for state-level and specifically physiological aspects of ED. As such, the goal of the current study was to assess the degree to which this conceptualisation could be captured using a physiological, state-level index (i.e. the late positive potential; LPP). Participants (N=41; Mage=27.5 years, SD=11.0) completed a trait-based rating scale measure of the extended conceptualisation of ED and viewed a series of images that ranged in valence (i.e. unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral). Multilevel modelling indicated some points of convergence between rating scale scores and the LPP, and other points of divergence. Findings underscore the utility of a multi-method approach to improve understanding of key transdiagnostic characteristics across levels of analysis. Further, results are novel evidence supporting validity of the extended conceptualisation of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Huet
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | | | - Matt R. Judah
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Nóra Bunford
- ‘Lendület’ Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Between- versus within-person emotional and cognitive reactivity in relation to depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:479-487. [PMID: 34507229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories connecting depression to emotional reactivity (ER) or cognitive reactivity (CR) have not clearly indicated whether ER and CR are between-person or within-person constructs. Most empirical tests of these theories have focused on either between- or within-person operationalizations of these constructs, but not both. Between- and within-person studies address qualitatively different questions and often generate very different results. Consequently, the goals of the current study were to examine the relation of depressive symptoms to both between- and within-person operationalizations of both ER and CR. METHODS Participants were 160 undergraduate students who completed daily diary measures (assessing stress, negative emotions, and negative cognitions) and measures of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling (MLM) enabled examination of depressive symptoms to the within- and between-person components of ER and CR. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were positively related to within-person ER and CR but not to between-person operationalizations of ER and CR. LIMITATIONS The sample only included college students and only assessed depressive symptoms, not clinical diagnoses of major depression. CONCLUSIONS Important implications emerge for theory, practice, and future research. We recommend distinguishing between-person from within-person dimensions of ER and CR in future research.
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19
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Moon E, Yang M, Seon Q, Linnaranta O. Relevance of Objective Measures in Psychiatric Disorders-Rest-Activity Rhythm and Psychophysiological Measures. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:85. [PMID: 34714422 PMCID: PMC8556205 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present a review of recent methods of objective measurement in psychiatry and psychology with a focus on home monitoring and its utility in guiding treatment. RECENT FINDINGS For individualized diagnostics and treatment of insomnia, actigraphy can generate clinically useful graphical presentations of sleep timing and patterns. Psychophysiological measures may complement psychometrics by tracking parallel changes in physiological responses and emotional functioning, especially during therapy for trauma symptoms and emotion regulation. It seems that rather than defining universal cut-offs, an individualised range of variability could characterize treatment response. Wearable actigraphy and psychophysiological sensors are promising devices to provide biofeedback and guide treatment. Use of feasible and reliable technology during experimental and clinical procedures may necessitate defining healthy and abnormal responses in different populations and pathological states. We present a "call for action" towards further collaborative work to enable large scale use of objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Yang
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Quinta Seon
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
- Douglas Centre for Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
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20
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Moretta T, Dal Bò E, Dell'Acqua C, Messerotti Benvenuti S, Palomba D. Disentangling emotional processing in dysphoria: An ERP and cardiac deceleration study. Behav Res Ther 2021; 147:103985. [PMID: 34628258 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate emotional processing in dysphoria. To this end, the amplitude of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) and cardiac deceleration were assessed during the passive viewing of affective (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant) pictures in 26 individuals with dysphoria and in 25 non-depressed controls. The group with dysphoria revealed a smaller LPP amplitude than the group without dysphoria in response to pleasant and neutral, but not unpleasant, stimuli at centro-parieto-occipital sites. Interestingly, whereas both groups showed cardiac deceleration when viewing pleasant compared to neutral pictures (3-6 s time window), only individuals with dysphoria showed a prolonged cardiac deceleration in response to unpleasant stimuli as compared with neutral ones. This study suggests that dysphoria is characterized by reduced motivated attentional allocation to positive information and by sustained intake of unpleasant information. Overall, the present findings provide novel insights into the characterization of valence-specific attentional processes in dysphoria as potential vulnerability factors for clinically significant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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21
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Shinohara S, Toda H, Nakamura M, Omiya Y, Higuchi M, Takano T, Saito T, Tanichi M, Boku S, Mitsuyoshi S, So M, Yoshino A, Tokuno S. Evaluation of emotional arousal level and depression severity using voice-derived sound pressure change acceleration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13615. [PMID: 34193915 PMCID: PMC8245525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we propose a new index of emotional arousal level using sound pressure change acceleration, called the emotional arousal level voice index (EALVI), and investigate the relationship between this index and depression severity. First, EALVI values were calculated from various speech recordings in the interactive emotional dyadic motion capture database, and the correlation with the emotional arousal level of each voice was examined. The resulting correlation coefficient was 0.52 (n = 10,039, p < 2.2 × 10-16). We collected a total of 178 datasets comprising 10 speech phrases and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score of outpatients with major depression at the Ginza Taimei Clinic (GTC) and the National Defense Medical College (NDMC) Hospital. The correlation coefficients between the EALVI and HAM-D scores were - 0.33 (n = 88, p = 1.8 × 10-3) and - 0.43 (n = 90, p = 2.2 × 10-5) at the GTC and NDMC, respectively. Next, the dataset was divided into "no depression" (HAM-D < 8) and "depression" groups (HAM-D ≥ 8) according to the HAM-D score. The number of patients in the "no depression" and "depression" groups were 10 and 78 in the GTC data, and 65 and 25 in the NDMC data, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean EALVI values between the two groups in both the GTC and NDMC data (p = 8.9 × 10-3, Cliff's delta = 0.51 and p = 1.6 × 10-3; Cliff's delta = 0.43, respectively). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve when discriminating both groups by EALVI was 0.76 in GTC data and 0.72 in NDMC data. Indirectly, the data suggest that there is some relationship between emotional arousal level and depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Shinohara
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Nakamura
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Omiya
- PST Inc., Industry & Trade Center Building 905, 2 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0023, Japan
| | - Masakazu Higuchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takano
- PST Inc., Industry & Trade Center Building 905, 2 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0023, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tanichi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shunji Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mirai So
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tokuno
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Grasser LR, Jovanovic T. Safety learning during development: Implications for development of psychopathology. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113297. [PMID: 33862062 PMCID: PMC8102395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fear and safety learning are necessary adaptive behaviors that develop over the course of maturation. While there is a large body of literature regarding the neurobiology of fear and safety learning in adults, less is known regarding safety learning during development. Given developmental changes in the brain, there are corresponding changes in safety learning that are quantifiable; these may serve to predict risk and point to treatment targets for fear and anxiety-related disorders in children and adolescents. For healthy, typically developing youth, the main developmental variation observed is reduced discrimination between threat and safety cues in children compared to adolescents and adults, while lower expression of extinction learning is exhibited in adolescents compared to adults. Such distinctions may be related to faster maturation of the amygdala relative to the prefrontal cortex, as well as incompletely developed functional circuits between the two. Fear and anxiety-related disorders, childhood maltreatment, and behavioral problems are all associated with alterations in safety learning for youth, and this dysfunction may proceed into adulthood with corresponding abnormalities in brain structure and function-including amygdala hypertrophy and hyperreactivity. As impaired inhibition of fear to safety may reflect abnormalities in the developing brain and subsequent psychopathology, impaired safety learning may be considered as both a predictor of risk and a treatment target. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies over the course of development, and studies that query change with interventions are needed in order to improve outcomes for individuals and reduce long-term impact of developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ruvolo Grasser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Dr, Tolan Park Suite 2C Room 273, Detroit, MI 48201 United States.
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Dr, Tolan Park Suite 2C, Detroit, MI 48201 United States.
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Storozheva ZI, Akhapkin RV, Bolotina OV, Korendrukhina A, Novototsky-Vlasov VY, Shcherbakova IV, Kirenskaya AV. Sensorimotor and sensory gating in depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:183-193. [PMID: 32420779 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1770859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal attentional and cognitive processes are thought to increase the risk for depression and anxiety. To improve understanding of brain mechanisms of anxiety and depressive disorders and condition of their comorbidity, the study of early attentional processes was provided. METHODS Participants were patients with depressive (80 s.), anxiety (69 s.), and comorbid (41 s.) disorders, and healthy volunteers (50 s.). Acoustic startle response (ASR) and P50 component of the auditory event-related potential were recorded. RESULTS In the ASR model decreased startle response amplitude at the left eye in patients with comorbid disorder was found, and ASR latency was lengthened in all clinical groups. Deficit of prepulse inhibition was unique for comorbid disorder, and might be considered as risk of evolution to more serious condition. Reduced prepulse facilitation was revealed in patients with comorbid and anxiety disorders. In P50 suppression paradigm decreased S1 response amplitude was revealed in all clinical groups, P50 latency was prolonged in depressive and comorbid patients, and P50 suppression deficit was observed in depression and anxiety groups. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results might be useful for development of integrative neural models of comorbidity of anxiety and depression, and elaboration of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida I Storozheva
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Akhapkin
- Department of new drugs and therapies, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Bolotina
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Korendrukhina
- Department of new drugs and therapies, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Y Novototsky-Vlasov
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anna V Kirenskaya
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Stevanovic M, Tuhkanen S, Järvensivu M, Koskinen E, Savander E, Valkia K. Physiological responses to proposals during dyadic decision-making conversations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244929. [PMID: 33481838 PMCID: PMC7822527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel conversation-analytically informed paradigm was used to examine how joint decision-making interaction, with its various types of proposal sequences, is reflected in the physiological responses of participants. Two types of dyads–dyads with one depressed and one non-depressed participant (N = 15) and dyads with two non-depressed participants (N = 15)–engaged in a series of conversational joint decision-making tasks, during which we measured their skin conductance (SC) responses. We found that the participants’ SC response rates were higher and more synchronized during proposal sequences than elsewhere in the conversation. Furthermore, SC response rates were higher when the participant was in the role of a proposal speaker (vs. a proposal recipient), and making a proposal was associated with higher SC response rates for participants with depression (vs. participants without depression). Moreover, the SC response rates in the proposal speaker were higher when the recipient accepted (vs. not accepted) the proposal. We interpret this finding with reference to accepting responses suggesting a commitment to future action, for which the proposal speaker may feel specifically responsible for. A better understanding of the physiological underpinnings of joint decision-making interaction may help improve democratic practices in contexts where certain individuals experience challenges in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Stevanovic
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Tuhkanen
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Järvensivu
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmi Koskinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enikö Savander
- Department of Psychiatry, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Kaisa Valkia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Straszewski T, Siegel JT. Differential Effects of High‐ and Low‐Arousal Positive Emotions on Help‐Seeking for Depression. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:887-906. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shinohara S, Toda H, Nakamura M, Omiya Y, Higuchi M, Takano T, Saito T, Tanichi M, Boku S, Mitsuyoshi S, So M, Yoshino A, Tokuno S. Evaluation of the Severity of Major Depression Using a Voice Index for Emotional Arousal. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5041. [PMID: 32899881 PMCID: PMC7570922 DOI: 10.3390/s20185041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the relationship between emotional arousal and depression has been studied. Focusing on this relationship, we first developed an arousal level voice index (ALVI) to measure arousal levels using the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture database. Then, we calculated ALVI from the voices of depressed patients from two hospitals (Ginza Taimei Clinic (H1) and National Defense Medical College hospital (H2)) and compared them with the severity of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Depending on the HAM-D score, the datasets were classified into a no depression (HAM-D < 8) and a depression group (HAM-D ≥ 8) for each hospital. A comparison of the mean ALVI between the groups was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and a significant difference at the level of 10% (p = 0.094) at H1 and 1% (p = 0.0038) at H2 was determined. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.66 when categorizing between the two groups for H1, and the AUC for H2 was 0.70. The relationship between arousal level and depression severity was indirectly suggested via the ALVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Shinohara
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (A.Y.)
| | - Mitsuteru Nakamura
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Omiya
- PST Inc., Industry & Trade Center Building 905, 2 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0023, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Masakazu Higuchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Takeshi Takano
- PST Inc., Industry & Trade Center Building 905, 2 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0023, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (A.Y.)
| | - Masaaki Tanichi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (A.Y.)
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Shunji Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Mirai So
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (A.Y.)
| | - Shinichi Tokuno
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (S.T.)
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Rozalski V, Benning SD. Divergences among Three Higher-Order Self-Report Psychopathology Factors in Normal-Range Personality and Emotional Late Positive Potential Reactivity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020; 82. [PMID: 32863467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Personality is related to psychopathology and its higher-order structures, but there is little research regarding neurobiological associations of higher-order psychopathology factors. This study examined the factor structure of a wide range of psychopathology and its associations with both personality and emotional reactivity revealed through the late positive potential (LPP) in a sample of 275 undergraduates. A three-factor structure of psychopathology emerged comprising Internalizing (INT), Externalizing (EXT), and Aberrant Experiences (ABX). EXT predicted aggressive disconstraint, whereas both INT and ABX predicted Alienation and Stress Reaction. INT uniquely predicted low Well-Being, and ABX predicted a rigid absorption combined with interpersonal detachment. ABX correlated with reduced parietal emotional LPP reactivity, whereas INT correlated with stronger frontal LPP reactivity to emotional versus neutral pictures.
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Clarkson JM, Leach MC, Flecknell PA, Rowe C. Negative mood affects the expression of negative but not positive emotions in mice. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201636. [PMID: 32842924 PMCID: PMC7482280 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether and to what extent animals experience emotions is crucial for understanding their decisions and behaviour, and underpins a range of scientific fields, including animal behaviour, neuroscience, evolutionary biology and animal welfare science. However, research has predominantly focused on alleviating negative emotions in animals, with the expression of positive emotions left largely unexplored. Therefore, little is known about positive emotions in animals and how their expression is mediated. We used tail handling to induce a negative mood in laboratory mice and found that while being more anxious and depressed increased their expression of a discrete negative emotion (disappointment), meaning that they were less resilient to negative events, their capacity to express a discrete positive emotion (elation) was unaffected relative to control mice. Therefore, we show not only that mice have discrete positive emotions, but that they do so regardless of their current mood state. Our findings are the first to suggest that the expression of discrete positive and negative emotions in animals is not equally affected by long-term mood state. Our results also demonstrate that repeated negative events can have a cumulative effect to reduce resilience in laboratory animals, which has significant implications for animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Clarkson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Matthew C Leach
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Paul A Flecknell
- Comparative Biology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Candy Rowe
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Daches S, Vine V, George CJ, Jennings JR, Kovacs M. Sympathetic arousal during the processing of dysphoric affect by youths at high and low familial risk for depression. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13664. [PMID: 32797632 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Youths at high risk for depression have been shown to have problems in repairing their own sad mood. Given that sympathetic arousal has been implicated both in the experience and regulation of affect, an atypical pattern of arousal may be one of the factors that contribute to mood repair problems. In the current study, we measured sympathetic arousal of never-depressed youths at high (n = 56) and low (n = 67) familial risk for depression during sad mood induction and instructed mood repair. Sympathetic arousal was indexed by skin conductance level (SCL) and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP); mood repair outcome was indexed by self-rated affect. High-risk youths demonstrated increased SCL during sadness induction, which persisted during mood repair; low-risk youths evidenced increased SCL only during mood repair. Shortened PEP was evident only among high-risk youths and only during mood repair. Furthermore, shortened PEP during mood induction predicted less successful mood repair in the low-risk but not in the high-risk group. The findings suggest that: (a) depression-prone youths differ from control peers in patterns of sympathetic responses to emotional stimuli, which may impair their ability to relieve sadness, and (b) activation patterns differ across subsystems (SCL vs. PEP) of sympathetic activity, in conjunction with depression risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Daches
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Vera Vine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles J George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Kovacs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Whalen DJ, Gilbert KE, Kelly D, Hajcak G, Kappenman ES, Luby JL, Barch DM. Preschool-Onset Major Depressive Disorder is Characterized by Electrocortical Deficits in Processing Pleasant Emotional Pictures. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:91-108. [PMID: 31515716 PMCID: PMC7286427 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in positive affect are a salient feature of preschool-onset major depressive disorder. Yet, little is known about the psychophysiological correlates of this blunted positive affect and whether reduced physiological responding to pleasant stimuli may differentiate depressed and healthy young children. 120 four-to-seven year old children with current depression and 63 psychiatrically healthy 4-to-7 year old children completed a simple picture-viewing task of pleasant and neutral pictures while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The early-childhood version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Depression was used to establish psychiatric diagnoses. A one-way ANCOVA was used to test for group differences in response to pleasant and neutral pictures. Young children with depression showed a reduced response to pleasant vs. neutral pictures (LPP), after controlling for children's age (F(1,180) = 4.15, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.02). The LPP for the children with preschool-onset depression (M = 0.99, SE = 0.65) was significantly smaller than the LPP in the healthy group of young children (M = 3.27, SE = 0.90). This difference did not vary as a function of depression or anhedonia severity within the group with depression or the healthy children. Similar to older children and adolescents with depression, young children with depression display reductions in responsivity to pleasant stimuli as indexed by the LPP. These findings extend prior findings indicating a blunted response to pleasant stimuli in preschool- onset depression. Given the greater neuroplasticity of emotional response and regulation, these findings suggest clinical attention to emotional response to pleasure is an important target in preschool-onset depression. Clinical trial registration information: A Randomized Control Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; http://clinicaltrials.gov/;NCT02076425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Kirsten E Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Addington EL, Cheung EO, Bassett SM, Kwok I, Schuette SA, Shiu E, Yang D, Cohn MA, Leykin Y, Saslow LR, Moskowitz JT. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:352-364. [PMID: 31302525 PMCID: PMC6711819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This manuscript describes the first two phases of pilot testing MARIGOLD, an online self-guided positive emotion skills intervention for adults with elevated depressive symptoms, along with enhancements to overcome retention and adherence problems reported in previous research. METHODS Adults with elevated depressive symptoms were recruited online and assessed at baseline, post-intervention, 1- and 3-month follow-up. Phase 1 participants (n = 58) were randomized to MARIGOLD, daily emotion reporting, or waitlist. Phase 2 participants (n = 79) were randomized to MARIGOLD plus one enhancement: online discussion board (ODB), virtual badges (VB), or facilitator contact (FC). Post-intervention interviews assessed acceptability. Intention-to-treat analyses examined retention, adherence, and preliminary efficacy. RESULTS In both phases, retention and adherence did not differ between groups. MARIGOLD skills were highly acceptable, but qualitative results indicate web-based features (e.g., log-in, ODB, VB) require refinement prior to larger testing. Neither phase demonstrated between-group differences in preliminary efficacy. In Phase 1 within-group analyses, MARIGOLD and emotion reporting control demonstrated a similar pattern of findings (stable depressive symptoms, increased positive emotion, decreased negative emotion and stress), whereas the waitlist group significantly increased in depressive mood. Most Phase 2 within-group analyses demonstrated the expected pattern of results (i.e., decreases in PHQ-8 and negative emotion, increases in positive emotion). However, CES-D scores were stable in FC; perceived stress was stable in FC and ODB. LIMITATIONS This pilot study is not powered to evaluate efficacy. CONCLUSION Positive emotion skills, plus enhancements for web-based, self-guided delivery, warrant additional study in people with elevated depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Addington
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,a 625 N. Michigan Ave., 27th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, 312-503-3808 (phone), 312-503-4800 (fax),
| | - Elaine O. Cheung
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah M. Bassett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ian Kwok
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eva Shiu
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Michael A. Cohn
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Laura R. Saslow
- Department of Health Behavior and biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Abnormal emotional reactivity in depression: Contrasting theoretical models using neurophysiological data. Biol Psychol 2019; 141:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cheung EO, Addington EL, Bassett SM, Schuette SA, Shiu EW, Cohn MA, Leykin Y, Saslow LR, Moskowitz JT. A Self-Paced, Web-Based, Positive Emotion Skills Intervention for Reducing Symptoms of Depression: Protocol for Development and Pilot Testing of MARIGOLD. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e10494. [PMID: 29871853 PMCID: PMC6008514 DOI: 10.2196/10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with elevated symptoms of depression can have debilitating consequences for an individual's psychosocial and physical functioning, quality of life, and health care utilization. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that skills for increasing positive emotion can be helpful to individuals with depression. Although Web-based interventions to reduce negative emotion in individuals with depression are available, these interventions frequently suffer from poor retention and adherence and do not capitalize on the potential benefits of increasing positive emotion. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and test a Web-based positive emotion skills intervention tailored for individuals living with elevated depressive symptoms, as well as to develop and test enhancement strategies for increasing retention and adherence to that intervention. METHODS This study protocol describes the development and testing for Mobile Affect Regulation Intervention with the Goal of Lowering Depression (MARIGOLD), a Web-based positive emotion skills intervention, adapted for individuals with elevated depressive symptomatology. The intervention development is taking place in three phases. In phase 1, we are tailoring an existing positive emotion skills intervention for individuals with elevated symptoms of depression and are pilot testing the tailored version of the intervention in a randomized controlled trial with two control conditions (N=60). In phase 2, we are developing and testing three enhancements aimed at boosting retention and adherence to the Web-based intervention (N=75): facilitator contact, an online discussion board, and virtual badges. In phase 3, we are conducting a multifactorial, nine-arm pilot trial (N=600) to systematically test these enhancement strategies, individually and in combination. The primary outcome is depressive symptom severity. Secondary outcomes include positive and negative emotion, psychological well-being, and coping resources. RESULTS The project was funded in August 2014, and data collection was completed in May 2018. Data analysis is currently under way, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2018. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this investigation will enable us to develop an optimal package of intervention content and enhancement strategies for individuals with elevated symptoms of depression. If this intervention proves to be effective, it will provide a cost-effective, anonymous, appealing, and flexible approach for reducing symptoms of depression and improving psychological adjustment through increasing positive emotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01964820 (Phase 1); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01964820 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zpmKBcyX). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02861755 (Phase 2); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02861755 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zpmLmy8k). REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER RR1-10.2196/10494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine O Cheung
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Addington
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah M Bassett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie A Schuette
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eva W Shiu
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael A Cohn
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yan Leykin
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Laura R Saslow
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ait Oumeziane B, Schryer-Praga J, Foti D. "Why don't they 'like' me more?": Comparing the time courses of social and monetary reward processing. Neuropsychologia 2017; 107:48-59. [PMID: 29104079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans possess a strong tendency towards social affiliation and interpersonal interaction. Yet, we know far less about how rewards in one's social environment affect functioning as we do with other types of rewards, presumably due to the inherent complexity of measuring social phenomena in laboratory settings. Here, we adapted a social reward paradigm (social incentive delay [SID]) for use in event-related potential (ERP) research, enabling a direct comparison of social and monetary reward processing. We found that social and monetary rewards elicit comparable ERP latencies and scalp topographies across several processing stages (reward cue, outcome anticipation, and outcome evaluation), highlighting the possibility of a common neural network. We also found evidence of latent reward sensitivity, as analogous monetary and social ERPs were correlated and associations were uniquely driven by reward signals. The SID is a promising and viable paradigm that is capable of disentangling multiple stages of social reward processing. The capacity to measure social processes will be critical as we broaden efforts to incorporate multiple contexts in reward sensitivity, which will enable us to gain important new insights into human functioning and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, United States
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Racine SE, Hebert KR, Benning SD. Emotional Reactivity and Appraisal of Food in Relation to Eating Disorder Cognitions and Behaviours: Evidence to Support the Motivational Conflict Hypothesis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 26:3-10. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Racine
- Department of Psychology; Ohio University; OH USA
- Department of Psychology; McGill University; QC Canada
| | - Karen R. Hebert
- Department of Occupational Therapy; Seton Hall University; NJ USA
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Aaron RV, Benning SD. Postauricular reflexes elicited by soft acoustic clicks and loud noise probes: Reliability, prepulse facilitation, and sensitivity to picture contents. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1900-1908. [PMID: 27596354 PMCID: PMC5819592 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The startle blink reflex is facilitated during early picture viewing, then inhibited by attention during pleasant and aversive pictures compared to neutral pictures, and finally potentiated during aversive pictures specifically. However, it is unclear whether the postauricular reflex, which is elicited by the same loud acoustic probe as the startle blink reflex but enhanced by appetitive instead of defensive emotion, has the same pattern and time course of emotional modulation. We examined this issue in a sample of 90 undergraduates using serially presented soft acoustic clicks that elicited postauricular (but not startle blink) reflexes in addition to standard startle probes. Postauricular reflexes elicited by both clicks and probes correlated during food and nurturant contents, during which they were potentiated compared to neutral pictures, suggesting clicks effectively elicit emotionally modulated postauricular reflexes. The postauricular reflex was initially facilitated during the first 500 ms of picture processing but was larger during pleasant than neutral pictures throughout picture processing, with larger effect sizes during the latter half of picture processing. Across reflexes and eliciting stimuli, measures of emotional modulation had higher coefficient alphas than magnitudes during specific picture contents within each valence, indicating that only emotional modulation measures assess higher-order appetitive or defensive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Aaron
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen D Benning
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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