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Hembach L, Niemeyer PW, Schmitt K, Zegers JMS, Scholz P, Brandt D, Dabisch JJ, Valerius O, Braus GH, Schwarzländer M, de Vries J, Rensing SA, Ischebeck T. Proteome plasticity during Physcomitrium patens spore germination - from the desiccated phase to heterotrophic growth and reconstitution of photoautotrophy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1466-1486. [PMID: 38059656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of moss spores is considered a milestone in plant evolution. They harbor protein networks underpinning desiccation tolerance and accumulation of storage compounds that can be found already in algae and that are also utilized in seeds and pollen. Furthermore, germinating spores must produce proteins that drive the transition through heterotrophic growth to the autotrophic plant. To get insight into the plasticity of this proteome, we investigated it at five timepoints of moss (Physcomitrium patens) spore germination and in protonemata and gametophores. The comparison to previously published Arabidopsis proteome data of seedling establishment showed that not only the proteomes of spores and seeds are functionally related, but also the proteomes of germinating spores and young seedlings. We observed similarities with regard to desiccation tolerance, lipid droplet proteome composition, control of dormancy, and β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. However, there were also striking differences. For example, spores lacked any obvious storage proteins. Furthermore, we did not detect homologs to the main triacylglycerol lipase in Arabidopsis seeds, SUGAR DEPENDENT1. Instead, we discovered a triacylglycerol lipase of the oil body lipase family and a lipoxygenase as being the overall most abundant proteins in spores. This finding indicates an alternative pathway for triacylglycerol degradation via oxylipin intermediates in the moss. The comparison of spores to Nicotiana tabacum pollen indicated similarities for example in regards to resistance to desiccation and hypoxia, but the overall developmental pattern did not align as in the case of seedling establishment and spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hembach
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp W Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaccoline M S Zegers
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dennis Brandt
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Janis J Dabisch
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Yuan X, Xu J, Yu J, Zhu D, Li H, Zhao Q. The NAC transcription factor ZmNAC132 regulates leaf senescence and male fertility in maize. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111774. [PMID: 37331633 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an integral step in the final stages of plant development, as nutrient remobilization from leaves to sink organs is accomplished during this process. NACs compose a large superfamily of plant-specific TFs involved in multiple plant development processes. Here, we identified a maize NAC TF, ZmNAC132, involved in leaf senescence and male fertility. ZmNAC132 expression was tightly linked to leaf senescence in an age-dependent manner. Knockout of ZmNAC132 led to delays in chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence, whereas overexpression of ZmNAC132 had the opposite effects. ZmNAC132 could bind to and transactivate the promoter of ZmNYE1, a major chlorophyll catabolic gene, to accelerate chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence. Moreover, ZmNAC132 affected male fertility through the upregulation of ZmEXPB1, an expansin-encoding gene associated with sexual reproduction and other related genes. Together, the results show that ZmNAC132 participates in the regulation of leaf senescence and male fertility through the targeting of different downstream genes in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Chen J, Zhou H, Yuan X, He Y, Yan Q, Lin Y, Wu R, Liu J, Xue C, Chen X. Homolog of Pea SGR Controls Stay-Green in Faba Bean ( Vicia faba L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1030. [PMID: 37239389 PMCID: PMC10218623 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Faba bean is an important legume crop consumed as a vegetable or snack food, and its green cotyledons could present an attractive color for consumers. A mutation in SGR causes stay-green in plants. In this study, vfsgr was identified from a green-cotyledon-mutant faba bean, SNB7, by homologous blast between the SGR of pea and the transcriptome of faba bean. Sequence analysis revealed that a SNP at position 513 of the CDS of VfSGR caused a pre-stop codon, resulting in a shorter protein in the green-cotyledon faba bean SNB7. A dCaps marker was developed according to the SNP that caused the pre-stop, and this marker was completely associated with the color of the cotyledon of faba bean. SNB7 stayed green during dark treatment, while the expression level of VfSGR increased during dark-induced senescence in the yellow-cotyledon faba bean HST. Transient expression of VfSGR in Nicotiana. benthamiana leaves resulted in chlorophyll degradation. These results indicate that vfsgr is the gene responsible for the stay-green of faba bean, and the dCaps marker developed in this study provides a molecular tool for the breeding of green-cotyledon faba beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yaming He
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chenchen Xue
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Peng M, Tan G, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to magnesium deficiency in Neolamarckia Cadamba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107645. [PMID: 36963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component of chlorophyll and enzymes involved in various physiological and biochemical processes essential for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthesis. Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) is common in hot and rainy subtropical areas due to its easy loss from soil. Neolamarckia cadamba, an important tropical tree in South Asia, faces severe effects of MgD, however, the responses of N. cadamba to MgD stress remain unclear. In here, effects of N. cadamba under MgD stress were investigated. The study revealed that MgD had lower plant biomass, fresh and dry weight, root length, root volume, and surface area compared to CK (normal Mg2+). As treatment time increased, the leaves began to yellow, and lesions appeared. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, along with fluorescence-related parameters and leaf photosynthetic capacity, were significantly reduced in MgD stress compared to CK treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that transporters as well as transcription factors (TFs) from MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) and WRKY families were upregulated in leaves at 10 d of MgD stress, indicating that magnesium signaling transduction might be activated to compensate MgD. In addition, genes including chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC1/NOL) chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase (G4) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase synthesizing (HCAR) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were down-regulated in leaves, while those scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly up-regulated at 10 d of MgD stress. These results shed light on underlying MgD in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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5
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Zinsmeister J, Lalanne D, Ly Vu B, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Dang TT, Buitink J, Leprince O. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 coordinates eoplast formation to ensure acquisition of seed longevity during maturation in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:934-953. [PMID: 36582182 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity, the capacity to remain alive during dry storage, is pivotal to germination performance and is essential for preserving genetic diversity. It is acquired during late maturation concomitantly with seed degreening and the de-differentiation of chloroplasts into colorless, non-photosynthetic plastids, called eoplasts. As chlorophyll retention leads to poor seed performance upon sowing, these processes are important for seed vigor. However, how these processes are regulated and connected to the acquisition of seed longevity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that such a role is at least provided by ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) in the legume Medicago truncatula. Mature seeds of Mtabi4 mutants contained more chlorophyll than wild-type seeds and exhibited a 75% reduction in longevity and reduced dormancy. MtABI4 was necessary to stimulate eoplast formation, as evidenced by the significant delay in the dismantlement of photosystem II during the maturation of mutant seeds. Mtabi4 seeds also exhibited transcriptional deregulation of genes associated with retrograde signaling and transcriptional control of plastid-encoded genes. Longevity was restored when Mtabi4 seeds developed in darkness, suggesting that the shutdown of photosynthesis during maturation, rather than chlorophyll degradation per se, is a requisite for the acquisition of longevity. Indeed, the shelf life of stay green mutant seeds that retained chlorophyll was not affected. Thus, ABI4 plays a role in coordinating the dismantlement of chloroplasts during seed development to avoid damage that compromises the acquisition of seed longevity. Analysis of Mtabi4 Mtabi5 double mutants showed synergistic effects on chlorophyll retention and longevity, suggesting that they act via parallel pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zinsmeister
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - David Lalanne
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Benoit Ly Vu
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Biologie des Organismes Stress Santé Environnement, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Biologie des Organismes Stress Santé Environnement, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Thi Thu Dang
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Julia Buitink
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Leprince
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
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Zhang S, Chen K, Anwar A, Wang Y, Yao S, Chen R, Song S, Su W. BcGRP23: A novel gene involved in the chlorophyll metabolic pathway that is activated by BES1 in flowering Chinese cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010470. [PMID: 36352860 PMCID: PMC9639331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) are a large family of proteins that play vital roles in cell wall remodeling, metabolism and development, and abiotic stress response. Although the functions of GRPs in cell wall remodeling have been extensively characterized, only a few studies have explored their effects on chlorophyll metabolism and hormone response. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of BcGRP23 and its role in chlorophyll metabolism and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) signaling pathway in flowering Chinese cabbage. The expression levels of BcGRP23 in the leaves and stems gradually decreased with increasing growth and development of flowering Chinese cabbage, while BcGRP23 was barely expressed after flowering. As plant growth continued, the GUS (β-glucuronidase) stain gradually became lighter in hypocotyls and was largely free of growth points. The petioles and stems of BcGRP23-silenced plants lost their green color, and the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b were significantly reduced. Further research revealed that the expression levels of chlorophyll degradation-related genes were significantly increased in silenced plants compared with the control; however, the opposite was noted for the BcGRP23-overexpressing lines. The BcGRP23 promoter sequence contains numerous hormone-responsive elements. In fact, the expression of BcGRP23 was upregulated in flowering Chinese cabbage following treatment with the hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and brassinosteroid (BR). Treatment with BR led to the most significant upregulation. BES1, in response to BRs, directly activated the BcGRP23 promoter. Overall, BcGRP23 regulated the expression of chlorophyll degradation-related genes, thereby affecting the chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the expression of BcGRP23 was significantly regulated by exogenous BR application and was directly activated by BES1. These findings preliminarily suggest the molecular mechanism and regulatory pathway of BcGRP23 in the growth and development of flowering Chinese cabbage plants and their response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kemin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ali Anwar
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Yao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Niñoles R, Planes D, Arjona P, Ruiz-Pastor C, Chazarra R, Renard J, Bueso E, Forment J, Serrano R, Kranner I, Roach T, Gadea J. Comparative analysis of wild-type accessions reveals novel determinants of Arabidopsis seed longevity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2708-2728. [PMID: 35672914 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors involved in seed longevity is of paramount importance in agricultural and ecological contexts. The polygenic nature of this trait suggests that many of them remain undiscovered. Here, we exploited the contrasting seed longevity found amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to further understand this phenomenon. Concentrations of glutathione were higher in longer-lived than shorter-lived accessions, supporting that redox poise plays a prominent role in seed longevity. However, high seed permeability, normally associated with shorter longevity, is also present in long-lived accessions. Dry seed transcriptome analysis indicated that the contribution to longevity of stored messenger RNA (mRNAs) is complex, including mainly accession-specific mechanisms. The detrimental effect on longevity caused by other factors may be counterbalanced by higher levels of specific mRNAs stored in dry seeds, for instance those of heat-shock proteins. Indeed, loss-of-function mutant analysis demonstrated that heat-shock factors HSF1A and 1B contributed to longevity. Furthermore, mutants of the stress-granule zinc-finger protein TZF9 or the spliceosome subunits MOS4 or MAC3A/MAC3B, extended seed longevity, positioning RNA as a novel player in the regulation of seed viability. mRNAs of proteins with putative relevance to longevity were also abundant in shorter-lived accessions, reinforcing the idea that resistance to ageing is determined by multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Niñoles
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Planes
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Arjona
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Pastor
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Chazarra
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Renard
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Forment
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Serrano
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Gadea
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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8
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Li C, Jia Y, Zhou R, Liu L, Cao M, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Di H. GWAS and RNA-seq analysis uncover candidate genes associated with alkaline stress tolerance in maize ( Zea mays L.) seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963874. [PMID: 35923879 PMCID: PMC9340071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salt-alkalization is a common yet critical environmental stress factor for plant growth and development. Discovering and exploiting genes associated with alkaline tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) is helpful for improving alkaline resistance. Here, an association panel consisting of 200 maize lines was used to identify the genetic loci responsible for alkaline tolerance-related traits in maize seedlings. A total of nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associated candidate genes were found to be significantly associated with alkaline tolerance using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). An additional 200 genes were identified when the screen was extended to include a linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay distance of r2 ≥ 0.2 from the SNPs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was then conducted to confirm the linkage between the candidate genes and alkali tolerance. From these data, a total of five differentially expressed genes (DEGs; |log2FC| ≥ 0.585, p < 0.05) were verified as the hub genes involved in alkaline tolerance. Subsequently, two candidate genes, Zm00001d038250 and Zm00001d001960, were verified to affect the alkaline tolerance of maize seedlings by qRT-PCR analysis. These genes were putatively involved protein binding and "flavonoid biosynthesis process," respectively, based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. Gene promoter region contains elements related to stress and metabolism. The results of this study will help further elucidate the mechanisms of alkaline tolerance in maize, which will provide the groundwork for future breeding projects.
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Zhang D, Wu S, Li N, Gao J, Liu S, Zhu S, Li Z, Ren G, Kuai B. Chemical induction of leaf senescence and powdery mildew resistance involves ethylene-mediated chlorophyll degradation and ROS metabolism in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac101. [PMID: 35795391 PMCID: PMC9250653 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Timely initiation of leaf senescence is an integral part of plant development and, importantly, an adaptive strategy by which plants cope with various stresses, e.g. to limit the spread of pathogens. Powdery mildew is a major cucumber disease that promotes the initiation/progression of leaf senescence and reduces leaf photosynthesis, resulting in severe losses of yield and quality. However, how powdery mildew induces leaf senescence and how cucumber plants respond to enhance their resistance remain unclear. Here, with established agrochemical induction and pathogen inoculation systems, we demonstrate that both probenazole (PBZ) and powdery mildew activate ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signal transduction, consequently promoting leaf senescence and enhancing plant resistance to powdery mildew through CsEIN3 to directly upregulate the expression of CsCCGs and CsRBOHs. Our analysis convincingly suggests that the regulation of leaf senescence and powdery mildew resistance is interconnected and mediated mainly by ET in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengdong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | | | - Jiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shihui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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10
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Zhang J, Li H, Huang X, Xing J, Yao J, Yin T, Jiang J, Wang P, Xu B. STAYGREEN-mediated chlorophyll a catabolism is critical for photosystem stability during heat-induced leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1412-1427. [PMID: 35192197 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) Mg-dechelatase gene, SGR/NYE1, blocks the degradation of Chl a, resulting in a 'stay-green' trait. In this study, we investigated the effect of Chl a catabolism on plant heat-induced leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Under heat stress, the LpSGR-RNAi lines not only lost the stay-green phenotype but also showed accelerated leaf senescence with increased chloroplast disruption, more loss of photosystem (PS) proteins, lower PSⅡ quantum yields, higher levels of energy dissipation, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower ROS-scavenging enzyme activities. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the suppression of LpSGR downregulated genes encoding PS proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes and upregulated those encoding ROS-generation enzymes under heat stress. To account for the possible side-effects resulting from constitutive suppression of LpSGR on plant growth and heat tolerance, we constructed an ethanol-inducible RNAi vector to suppress LpSGR functions. In the absence of ethanol induction, these lines exhibited the same growth and heat tolerance as the wildtype (WT). Upon ethanol induction, the transgenic lines showed compromised heat tolerance and a postharvest stay-green phenotype. Taken together, SGR-mediated Chl a catabolism is required for plant heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinru Huang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xing
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Yao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingchao Yin
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Shao C, Cai F, Bao Z, Zhang Y, Shi G, Zhou Z, Chen X, Li Y, Bao M, Zhang J. PaNAC089 is a membrane-tethered transcription factor (MTTF) that modulates flowering, chlorophyll breakdown and trichome initiation. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:392-404. [PMID: 35209991 DOI: 10.1071/fp21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering and senescence are essential developmental stages of green plants, which are governed by complex molecular regulatory networks. However, the connection between flowering regulation and senescence regulation in London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia ) remains unknown. In this study, we identified a gene PaNAC089 from London plane tree, which encodes a membrane-tethered transcription factor (MTTF) belonging to the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor family. We investigated the functions of PaNAC089 in the regulation of flowering and senescence through the analysis of expression profiles and transgenic phenotypes. Heterologous overexpression of ΔPaNAC089 delayed flowering and inhibited chlorophyll breakdown to produce dark green rosette leaves in Arabidopsis . In addition, the trichome density of rosette leaves was decreased in transgenic lines. In ΔPaNAC089 overexpression plants, a series of functional genes with inhibited expression were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), including genes that regulate flowering, chlorophyll decomposition, and trichome initiation. Furthermore, Δ PaNAC089 directly binds to the promoter of CONSTANS (CO ) and NON-YELLOWING2 (NYE2 ) in the yeast one-hybrid assay. Consistent with this, luciferase (LUC) transient expression assays also showed that Δ PaNAC089 could inhibit the activity of NYE2 . To summarise, our data suggests that PaNAC089 is an MTTF that modulates flowering, chlorophyll breakdown and trichome initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; and Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Gehui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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12
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Kapoor L, Simkin AJ, George Priya Doss C, Siva R. Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35016620 PMCID: PMC8750800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruits are vital food resources as they are loaded with bioactive compounds varying with different stages of ripening. As the fruit ripens, a dynamic color change is observed from green to yellow to red due to the biosynthesis of pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Apart from making the fruit attractive and being a visual indicator of the ripening status, pigments add value to a ripened fruit by making them a source of nutraceuticals and industrial products. As the fruit matures, it undergoes biochemical changes which alter the pigment composition of fruits. RESULTS The synthesis, degradation and retention pathways of fruit pigments are mediated by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Manipulation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms during fruit ripening suggests ways to enhance the desired pigments in fruits by biotechnological interventions. Here we report, in-depth insight into the dynamics of a pigment change in ripening and the regulatory mechanisms in action. CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes the role of pigments as an asset to a ripened fruit as they augment the nutritive value, antioxidant levels and the net carbon gain of fruits; pigments are a source for fruit biofortification have tremendous industrial value along with being a tool to predict the harvest. This report will be of great utility to the harvesters, traders, consumers, and natural product divisions to extract the leading nutraceutical and industrial potential of preferred pigments biosynthesized at different fruit ripening stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leepica Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, United Kingdom, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Tokumitsu Y, Kozu T, Yamatani H, Ito T, Nakano H, Hase A, Sasada H, Takada Y, Kaga A, Ishimoto M, Kusaba M, Nakashima T, Abe J, Yamada T. Functional Divergence of G and Its Homologous Genes for Green Pigmentation in Soybean Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:796981. [PMID: 35069653 PMCID: PMC8766641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of chlorophyll in mature soybean seeds is closely related to the development of their yellow color. In this study, we examined G, its homologue G-like (GL), and their mutant alleles and investigated the relationship between these genes and chlorophyll accumulation in the seed coats of mature seeds. Transient expression of G and GL proteins fused with green fluorescent protein revealed that both were localized in plastids. Overexpression of G resulted in the accumulation of chlorophyll in the seed coats and cotyledons of mature seeds, indicating that high expression levels of G result in chlorophyll accumulation that exceeds its metabolism in the seeds of yellow soybean. Analysis of near isogenic lines at the G locus demonstrated a significant difference in the chlorophyll content of the seed coats and cotyledons of mature seeds when G and mutant g alleles were expressed in the d1d2 stay-green genetic background, indicating that the G protein might repress the SGR-independent degradation of chlorophyll. We examined the distribution of mutant alleles at the G and GL loci among cultivated and wild soybean germplasm. The g allele was widely distributed in cultivated soybean germplasm, except for green seed coat soybean lines, all of which contained the G allele. The gl alleles were much fewer in number than the g alleles and were mainly distributed in the genetic resources of cultivated soybean from Japan. None of the landraces and breeding lines investigated in this study were observed to contain both the g and gl alleles. Therefore, in conclusion, the mutation of the G locus alone is essential for establishing yellow soybeans, which are major current soybean breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tokumitsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Kozu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamatani
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruna Nakano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hase
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takada
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Taiken Nakashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Alizadeh M, Hoy R, Lu B, Song L. Team effort: Combinatorial control of seed maturation by transcription factors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102091. [PMID: 34343847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed development is under tight spatiotemporal regulation. Here, we summarize how transcriptional regulation helps shape the major traits during seed maturation, which include storage reserve accumulation, dormancy, desiccation tolerance, and longevity. The regulation is rarely a solo task by an individual transcription factor (TF). Rather, it often involves coordinated recruitment or replacement of multiple TFs to achieve combinatorial regulation. We highlight recent progress on the transcriptional integration of activation and repression of seed maturation genes, and discuss potential research directions to further understand the TF networks of seed maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Alizadeh
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bailan Lu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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15
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Wei Y, Jin J, Xu Y, Liu W, Yang G, Bu H, Li T, Wang A. Ethylene-activated MdPUB24 mediates ubiquitination of MdBEL7 to promote chlorophyll degradation in apple fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:169-182. [PMID: 34296800 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is a natural phenomenon that occurs during ripening in many fleshy fruit species, and also during fruit storage. The plant hormone ethylene is a key factor in promoting Chl degradation during fruit storage, but the mechanisms involved in this induction are largely unknown. In this study, an apple (Malus domestica) BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN transcription factor 7 (MdBEL7), potentially functioning as a transcriptional repressor of the Chl catabolic genes (CCGs), including MdCLH, MdPPH2 and MdRCCR2, was identified as a partner of the ethylene-activated U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB24 in a yeast library screen. Yeast-two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation and luciferase complementation imaging assays were then used to verify the interaction between MdBEL7 and MdPUB24. In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination experiments revealed that MdPUB24 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to ubiquitinate MdBEL7, thereby causing its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. Transient overexpression of MdPUB24 in apple fruit led to a decrease in MdBEL7 abundance and increased expression of CCG genes, including MdCLH, MdPPH2 and MdRCCR2, as well as greater Chl degradation. Taken together, the data indicated that an ethylene-activated U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB24 directly interacts with and ubiquitinates MdBEL7. Consequent degradation of MdBEL7 results in enhanced expression of MdCLH, MdPPH2 and MdRCCR2, and thus Chl degradation during apple fruit storage. Our results reveal that an ethylene-MdPUB24-MdBEL7 module regulates Chl degradation by post-translational modification during apple fruit storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Juntong Jin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Weiting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Haidong Bu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Aide Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
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16
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Yu Y, Qi Y, Xu J, Dai X, Chen J, Dong CH, Xiang F. Arabidopsis WRKY71 regulates ethylene-mediated leaf senescence by directly activating EIN2, ORE1 and ACS2 genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1819-1836. [PMID: 34296474 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a pivotal step in the last stage of the plant life cycle and is influenced by various external and endogenous cues. A series of reports have indicated the involvement of the WRKY transcription factors in regulating leaf senescence, but the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remain largely unclear. Here we provide evidence demonstrating that WRKY71 acts as a positive regulator of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. WRKY71-1D, an overexpressor of WRKY71, exhibited early leaf senescence, while wrky71-1, the WRKY71 loss-of-function mutant, displayed delayed leaf senescence. Accordingly, a set of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were substantially elevated in WRKY71-1D but markedly decreased in wrky71-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that WRKY71 can bind directly to the promoters of SAG13 and SAG201. Transcriptome analysis suggested that WRKY71 might mediate multiple cues to accelerate leaf senescence, such as abiotic stresses, dark and ethylene. WRKY71 was ethylene inducible, and treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhanced leaf senescence in WRKY71-1D but caused only a marginal delay in leaf senescence in wrky71-1. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that WRKY71 can directly regulate ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) and ORESARA1 (ORE1), genes of the ethylene signaling pathway. Consistently, leaf senescence of WRKY71-1D was obviously retarded in the ein2-5 and nac2-1 mutants. Moreover, WRKY71 was also proved to interact with ACS2 in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine and acs2-1 could greatly arrest the leaf senescence of WRKY71-1D. In conclusion, our data revealed that WRKY71 mediates ethylene signaling and synthesis to hasten leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchong Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chun-Hai Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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17
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Deng Y, Liu R, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yu S, Zhou Z, Diao J. The stereoselectivity of metconazole on wheat grain filling and harvested seeds germination: Implication for the application of triazole chiral pesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125911. [PMID: 34492845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth can be influenced by the application of triazole pesticides as these regulate physiological processes such as plant hormonal levels and enzyme activity. Homology modeling and molecular docking studies suggested that inhibition of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in two trans-stereoisomers treatments hinders starch accumulation during the grain filling stage. A field experiment investigated the effects of metconazole racemate, cis-1R,5S-stereostereoisomer, and cis-1S,5R-stereoisomer application at the flowering stage on wheat grain ripening and yield. The concentrations of racemate and both cis-stereoisomers were detected in wheat plant and grain samples. Compared with the racemate, both cis-stereoisomers were more persistent in the matrices. Treatment with cis-1R,5S-stereoisomer decreased grain weight and yield of wheat by delaying chlorophyll degradation, increasing the ethylene content, and decreasing the level of abscisic acid. The germination of harvested seeds was adversely affected by racemate treatment as a result of gibberellin and abscisic acid metabolism regulation and the transcription of signaling-related genes. Therefore, cis-1S,5R-stereoisomer was recommended to be used as metconazole pesticide at the flowering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Simin Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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18
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Guo Y, Ren G, Zhang K, Li Z, Miao Y, Guo H. Leaf senescence: progression, regulation, and application. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:5. [PMID: 37789484 PMCID: PMC10509828 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a type of postmitotic senescence and is characterized by the functional transition from nutrient assimilation to nutrient remobilization which is essential for plants' fitness. The initiation and progression of leaf senescence are regulated by a variety of internal and external factors such as age, phytohormones, and environmental stresses. Significant breakthroughs in dissecting the molecular mechanisms underpinning leaf senescence have benefited from the identification of senescence-altered mutants through forward genetic screening and functional assessment of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) via reverse genetic research in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in crop plants. Leaf senescence involves highly complex genetic programs that are tightly tuned by multiple layers of regulation, including chromatin and transcription regulation, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. Due to the significant impact of leaf senescence on photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization, stress responses, and productivity, much effort has been made in devising strategies based on known senescence regulatory mechanisms to manipulate the initiation and progression of leaf senescence, aiming for higher yield, better quality, or improved horticultural performance in crop plants. This review aims to provide an overview of leaf senescence and discuss recent advances in multi-dimensional regulation of leaf senescence from genetic and molecular network perspectives. We also put forward the key issues that need to be addressed, including the nature of leaf age, functional stay-green trait, coordination between different regulatory pathways, source-sink relationship and nutrient remobilization, as well as translational researches on leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Guodong Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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19
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de Bang TC, Husted S, Laursen KH, Persson DP, Schjoerring JK. The molecular-physiological functions of mineral macronutrients and their consequences for deficiency symptoms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2446-2469. [PMID: 33175410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The visual deficiency symptoms developing on plants constitute the ultimate manifestation of suboptimal nutrient supply. In classical plant nutrition, these symptoms have been extensively used as a tool to characterise the nutritional status of plants and to optimise fertilisation. Here we expand this concept by bridging the typical deficiency symptoms for each of the six essential macronutrients to their molecular and physiological functionalities in higher plants. We focus on the most recent insights obtained during the last decade, which now allow us to better understand the links between symptom and function for each element. A deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the visual deficiency symptoms enables us to thoroughly understand how plants react to nutrient limitations and how these disturbances may affect the productivity and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. A proper interpretation of visual deficiency symptoms will support the potential for sustainable crop intensification through the development of new technologies that facilitate automatised management practices based on imaging technologies, remote sensing and in-field sensors, thereby providing the basis for timely application of nutrients via smart and more efficient fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Christian de Bang
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian Holst Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
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20
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Yang M, Zhu S, Jiao B, Duan M, Meng Q, Ma N, Lv W. SlSGRL, a tomato SGR-like protein, promotes chlorophyll degradation downstream of the ABA signaling pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:316-327. [PMID: 33166770 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (chl) degradation plays a vital role during green plant growth and development, including nutrient metabolism, fruit and seed maturation, and phototoxic detoxification. STAY-GREEN (SGR) is a plant-specific regulator involved in chl degradation. Previous studies showed that SlSGR1 functioned in chl degradation and lycopene accumulation during fruit ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, little is known about SlSGR-LIKE (SlSGRL) gene, which is a homolog of SlSGR1. We cloned the SlSGRL gene and created transgenic tomato plants overexpressing (OE) SlSGRL. Expression analysis showed that SlSGRL was up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA). Our data showed that SlSGRL-OE lines exhibited earlier leaf yellowing than wild-type (WT) lines under ABA treatment. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay revealed that SlSGRL interacted with pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase (SlPPH) and light-harvesting complex a2 (SlLHCa2) to promote the chl degradation. Further analysis demonstrated that ABA-INSENSITIVE5 (SlABI5) and SlABI5-LIKE regulated SlSGRL expression by directly binding to the sequence (-611 to -582) of the SlSGRL promoter that included an ABRE cis-element. We proposed that SlSGRL, which was regulated by SlABI5/SlABI5-LIKE, mainly acted in ABA-induced chl degradation via interacting with SlPPH and SlLHCa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Baozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Ming Duan
- Experimental and Teaching Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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21
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Zhao MM, Zhang XW, Liu YW, Li K, Tan Q, Zhou S, Wang G, Zhou CJ. A WRKY transcription factor, TaWRKY42-B, facilitates initiation of leaf senescence by promoting jasmonic acid biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:444. [PMID: 32993508 PMCID: PMC7526184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf senescence comprises numerous cooperative events, integrates environmental signals with age-dependent developmental cues, and coordinates the multifaceted deterioration and source-to-sink allocation of nutrients. In crops, leaf senescence has long been regarded as an essential developmental stage for productivity and quality, whereas functional characterization of candidate genes involved in the regulation of leaf senescence has, thus far, been limited in wheat. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of 97 WRKY transcription factors (TFs) throughout the progression of leaf senescence in wheat and subsequently isolated a potential regulator of leaf senescence, TaWRKY42-B, for further functional investigation. By phenotypic and physiological analyses in TaWRKY42-B-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and TaWRKY42-B-silenced wheat plants, we confirmed the positive role of TaWRKY42-B in the initiation of developmental and dark-induced leaf senescence. Furthermore, our results revealed that TaWRKY42-B promotes leaf senescence mainly by interacting with a JA biosynthesis gene, AtLOX3, and its ortholog, TaLOX3, which consequently contributes to the accumulation of JA content. In the present study, we also demonstrated that TaWRKY42-B was functionally conserved with AtWRKY53 in the initiation of age-dependent leaf senescence. CONCLUSION Our results revealed a novel positive regulator of leaf senescence, TaWRKY42-B, which mediates JA-related leaf senescence via activation of JA biosynthesis and has the potential to be a target gene for molecular breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yong-Wei Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences /Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences /Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Chun-Jiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
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22
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Jiao B, Meng Q, Lv W. Roles of stay-green (SGR) homologs during chlorophyll degradation in green plants. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:25. [PMID: 32965575 PMCID: PMC7511501 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is one of the most obvious signs of leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Stay-green (SGR) homologs that can remove magnesium from Chl a are the most important components in Chl degradation pathway in green plants. SGR homologs are not only universally involved in Chl breakdown during the senescence of green organs, but also play crucial roles in other organs during plant growth and development, such as fruit mature and nodule development. In this review, we focus on the diverse functions of SGR homologs in plant growth and development. A better understanding of SGR would be helpful for providing a theoretical basis for further illustrating the regulatory mechanism of SGR homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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23
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Qu P, Zhang M, Fan K, Guo Z. Microporous modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf life of fresh foods: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:51-65. [PMID: 32856460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1811635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microporous modified atmosphere packaging has been widely concerned because of its adjustable air permeability and low processing cost. With the development and increasing demand of fresh food industry, the limited permeability of film in modified atmosphere packaging can't meet the fresh-keeping requirements of fresh foods, especially vegetables and fruits. Microporous film can flexibly adjust the gas permeability according to the physiological metabolic characteristics of fresh foods, which has gradually become a fresh-keeping technology in the domain of vegetables and fruits. This paper reviewed the research progress of microporous modified atmosphere packaging and its extension on shelf life of fresh foods. The latest applied researches were described in a comprehensive manner, particularly fruits and vegetables. Besides, this article also covered theoretical support and analysis, including the perforation mode, air permeability mechanism and mathematical model of microporous film, the characteristics of fresh foods, pore parameters and traits of film materials. This paper payed attention to the application of environmentally friendly degradable film materials (biological film materials, nano materials) in fruits and vegetables preservation. Research has shown that the degradable material can enlarge the fresh-keeping effect of microporous modified atmosphere packaging, which is worthy of further research and development. Finally, the development trends and directions in the future were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimei Guo
- R & D Center, Wuxi Haihe Equipment Co, Wuxi, China
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24
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High-throughput sequencing reveals the molecular mechanisms determining the stay-green characteristic in soybeans. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Molecular and environmental factors regulating seed longevity. Biochem J 2020; 477:305-323. [PMID: 31967650 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Seed longevity is a central pivot of the preservation of biodiversity, being of main importance to face the challenges linked to global climate change and population growth. This complex, quantitative seed quality trait is acquired on the mother plant during the second part of seed development. Understanding what factors contribute to lifespan is one of the oldest and most challenging questions in plant biology. One of these challenges is to recognize that longevity depends on the storage conditions that are experimentally used because they determine the type and rate of deleterious conditions that lead to cell death and loss of viability. In this review, we will briefly review the different storage methods that accelerate the deteriorative reactions during storage and argue that a minimum amount of information is necessary to interpret the longevity data. Next, we will give an update on recent discoveries on the hormonal factors regulating longevity, both from the ABA signaling pathway but also other hormonal pathways. In addition, we will review the effect of both maternal and abiotic factors that influence longevity. In the last section of this review, we discuss the problems in unraveling cause-effect relationship between the time of death during storage and deteriorative reactions leading to seed ageing. We focus on the three major types of cellular damage, namely membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation and RNA integrity for which germination data on seed stored in dedicated seed banks for long period times are now available.
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26
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Smolikova G, Shiroglazova O, Vinogradova G, Leppyanen I, Dinastiya E, Yakovleva O, Dolgikh E, Titova G, Frolov A, Medvedev S. Comparative analysis of the plastid conversion, photochemical activity and chlorophyll degradation in developing embryos of green-seeded and yellow-seeded pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:409-424. [PMID: 32209205 DOI: 10.1071/fp19270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing seeds of some higher plants are photosynthetically active and contain chlorophylls (Chl), which are typically destroyed at the late stages of seed maturation. However, in some crop plant cultivars, degradation of embryonic Chl remains incomplete, and mature seeds preserve green colour, as it is known for green-seeded cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The residual Chl compromise seed quality and represent a severe challenge for farmers. Hence, comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms, underlying incomplete Chl degradation is required for maintaining sustainable agriculture. Therefore, here we address dynamics of plastid conversion and photochemical activity alterations, accompanying degradation of Chl in embryos of yellow- and green-seeded cultivars Frisson and Rondo respectively. The yellow-seeded cultivar demonstrated higher rate of Chl degradation at later maturation stage, accompanied with termination of photochemical activity, seed dehydration and conversion of green plastids into amyloplasts. In agreement with this, expression of genes encoding enzymes of Chl degradation was lower in the green seeded cultivar, with the major differences in the levels of Chl b reductase (NYC1) and pheophytinase (PPH) transcripts. Thus, the difference between yellow and green seeds can be attributed to incomplete Chl degradation in the latter at the end of maturation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; and Corresponding author.
| | - Olga Shiroglazova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Leppyanen
- Laboratory of Signal Regulation, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Dinastiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; and Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation; and Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Olga Yakovleva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Dolgikh
- Laboratory of Signal Regulation, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Titova
- Laboratory of Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; and Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Lv J, Zhang M, Bai L, Han X, Ge Y, Wang W, Li J. Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the expression of genes involved in the chlorophyll degradation pathway of apple fruit during storage. Food Chem 2020; 308:125707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Xie Z, Wu S, Chen J, Zhu X, Zhou X, Hörtensteiner S, Ren G, Kuai B. The C-terminal cysteine-rich motif of NYE1/SGR1 is indispensable for its function in chlorophyll degradation in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:257-268. [PMID: 31302867 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal cysteine-rich motif of NYE1/SGR1 affects chlorophyll degradation likely by mediating its self-interaction and conformational change, and somehow altering its Mg-dechelating activity in response to the changing redox potential. During green organ senescence in plants, the most prominent phenomenon is the degreening caused by net chlorophyll (Chl) loss. NON-YELLOWING1/STAY-GREEN1 (NYE1/SGR1) was recently reported to be able to dechelates magnesium (Mg) from Chl a to initiate its degradation, but little is known about the domain/motif basis of its functionality. In this study, we carried out a protein truncation assay and identified a conserved cysteine-rich motif (CRM, P-X3-C-X3-C-X-C2-F-P-X5-P) at its C terminus, which is essential for its function. Genetic analysis showed that all four cysteines in the CRM were irreplaceable, and enzymatic assays demonstrated that the mutation of each of the four cysteines affected its Mg-dechelating activity. The CRM plays a critical role in the conformational change and self-interaction of NYE1 via the formation of inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Our results may provide insight into how NYE1 responds to rapid redox changes during leaf senescence and in response to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuokun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shengdong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Guodong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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29
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Gomez FM, Carrión CA, Costa ML, Desel C, Kieselbach T, Funk C, Krupinska K, Guiamet J. Extra-plastidial degradation of chlorophyll and photosystem I in tobacco leaves involving 'senescence-associated vacuoles'. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:465-477. [PMID: 30985038 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) loss is the main visible symptom of senescence in leaves. The initial steps of Chl degradation operate within the chloroplast, but the observation that 'senescence-associated vacuoles' (SAVs) contain Chl raises the question of whether SAVs might also contribute to Chl breakdown. Previous confocal microscope observations (Martínez et al., 2008) showed many SAVs containing Chl. Isolated SAVs contained Chl a and b (with a Chl a/b ratio close to 5) and lower levels of chlorophyllide a. Pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were formed after the incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness, suggesting the presence of Chl-degrading activities in SAVs. Chl in SAVs was bound to a number of 'green bands'. In the most abundant green band of SAVs, Western blot analysis showed the presence of photosystem I (PSI) Chl-binding proteins, including the PsaA protein of the PSI reaction center and the apoproteins of the light-harvesting complexes (Lhca 1-4). This was confirmed by: (i) measurements of 77-K fluorescence emission spectra showing a single emission peak at around 730 nm in SAVs; (ii) mass spectrometry of the most prominent green band with the slowest electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) immunofluorescence detection of PsaA in SAVs observed through confocal microscopy. Incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness caused a steady decrease in PsaA levels. Overall, these results indicate that SAVs may be involved in the degradation of PSI proteins and their associated chlorophylls during the senescence of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo M Gomez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Carrión
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Costa
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christine Desel
- Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juan Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
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Ono K, Kimura M, Matsuura H, Tanaka A, Ito H. Jasmonate production through chlorophyll a degradation by Stay-Green in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 238:53-62. [PMID: 31136906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color change through chlorophyll degradation is a characteristic symptom of senescence. Magnesium removal from chlorophyll a is the initial step in chlorophyll a degradation, in a reaction catalyzed by Stay-Green (SGR). Arabidopsis thaliana has three SGR homologs, SGR1, SGR2, and SGR-like. When SGR1 is overexpressed, both chlorophyll a and b are degraded and leaves turn yellow. This process is visually identical to senescence, suggesting that SGR1 overexpression affects various physiological processes in plants. To examine this possibility, gene expression associated with chlorophyll metabolism and senescence was analyzed following dexamethasone-inducible SGR1 introduction into Arabidopsis. When SGR1 was overexpressed following 18 h of dexamethasone treatment, genes involved in chlorophyll degradation were upregulated, as were senescence-associated genes. These observations suggested that chlorophyll a degradation promotes senescence. As jasmonate is the plant hormone responsible for senescence and was expected to be involved in the regulation of gene expression after dexamethasone treatment, the level of jasmonoyl-isoleucine, the active form of jasmonate, was measured. The jasmonoyl-isoleucine level increased slightly after 10 h of SGR1 overexpression, and this increase became significant after 18 h. These observations suggest that jasmonate is produced through chlorophyll a degradation and affects the promotion of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Ono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Madoka Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ito
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
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Wilhelmsson PKI, Chandler JO, Fernandez-Pozo N, Graeber K, Ullrich KK, Arshad W, Khan S, Hofberger JA, Buchta K, Edger PP, Pires JC, Schranz ME, Leubner-Metzger G, Rensing SA. Usability of reference-free transcriptome assemblies for detection of differential expression: a case study on Aethionema arabicum dimorphic seeds. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:95. [PMID: 30700268 PMCID: PMC6354389 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA-sequencing analysis is increasingly utilized to study gene expression in non-model organisms without sequenced genomes. Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae) exhibits seed dimorphism as a bet-hedging strategy – producing both a less dormant mucilaginous (M+) seed morph and a more dormant non-mucilaginous (NM) seed morph. Here, we compared de novo and reference-genome based transcriptome assemblies to investigate Ae. arabicum seed dimorphism and to evaluate the reference-free versus -dependent approach for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results A de novo transcriptome assembly was generated using sequences from M+ and NM Ae. arabicum dry seed morphs. The transcripts of the de novo assembly contained 63.1% complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) compared to 90.9% for the transcripts of the reference genome. DEG detection used the strict consensus of three methods (DESeq2, edgeR and NOISeq). Only 37% of 1533 differentially expressed de novo assembled transcripts paired with 1876 genome-derived DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) terms distinguished the seed morphs: the terms translation and nucleosome assembly were overrepresented in DEGs higher in abundance in M+ dry seeds, whereas terms related to mRNA processing and transcription were overrepresented in DEGs higher in abundance in NM dry seeds. DEGs amongst these GO terms included ribosomal proteins and histones (higher in M+), RNA polymerase II subunits and related transcription and elongation factors (higher in NM). Expression of the inferred DEGs and other genes associated with seed maturation (e.g. those encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins and transcription factors regulating seed development and maturation such as ABI3, FUS3, LEC1 and WRI1 homologs) were put in context with Arabidopsis thaliana seed maturation and indicated that M+ seeds may desiccate and mature faster than NM. The 1901 transcriptomic DEG set GO-terms had almost 90% overlap with the 2191 genome-derived DEG GO-terms. Conclusions Whilst there was only modest overlap of DEGs identified in reference-free versus -dependent approaches, the resulting GO analysis was concordant in both approaches. The identified differences in dry seed transcriptomes suggest mechanisms underpinning previously identified contrasts between morphology and germination behaviour of M+ and NM seeds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5452-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per K I Wilhelmsson
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jake O Chandler
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Graeber
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kristian K Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Present Address: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Ploen, Germany
| | - Waheed Arshad
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Safina Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Johannes A Hofberger
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Buchta
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48864, USA
| | - J Chris Pires
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. .,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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32
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Wilhelmsson PKI, Chandler JO, Fernandez-Pozo N, Graeber K, Ullrich KK, Arshad W, Khan S, Hofberger JA, Buchta K, Edger PP, Pires JC, Schranz ME, Leubner-Metzger G, Rensing SA. Usability of reference-free transcriptome assemblies for detection of differential expression: a case study on Aethionema arabicum dimorphic seeds. BMC Genomics 2019. [PMID: 30700268 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5452-5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA-sequencing analysis is increasingly utilized to study gene expression in non-model organisms without sequenced genomes. Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae) exhibits seed dimorphism as a bet-hedging strategy - producing both a less dormant mucilaginous (M+) seed morph and a more dormant non-mucilaginous (NM) seed morph. Here, we compared de novo and reference-genome based transcriptome assemblies to investigate Ae. arabicum seed dimorphism and to evaluate the reference-free versus -dependent approach for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS A de novo transcriptome assembly was generated using sequences from M+ and NM Ae. arabicum dry seed morphs. The transcripts of the de novo assembly contained 63.1% complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) compared to 90.9% for the transcripts of the reference genome. DEG detection used the strict consensus of three methods (DESeq2, edgeR and NOISeq). Only 37% of 1533 differentially expressed de novo assembled transcripts paired with 1876 genome-derived DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) terms distinguished the seed morphs: the terms translation and nucleosome assembly were overrepresented in DEGs higher in abundance in M+ dry seeds, whereas terms related to mRNA processing and transcription were overrepresented in DEGs higher in abundance in NM dry seeds. DEGs amongst these GO terms included ribosomal proteins and histones (higher in M+), RNA polymerase II subunits and related transcription and elongation factors (higher in NM). Expression of the inferred DEGs and other genes associated with seed maturation (e.g. those encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins and transcription factors regulating seed development and maturation such as ABI3, FUS3, LEC1 and WRI1 homologs) were put in context with Arabidopsis thaliana seed maturation and indicated that M+ seeds may desiccate and mature faster than NM. The 1901 transcriptomic DEG set GO-terms had almost 90% overlap with the 2191 genome-derived DEG GO-terms. CONCLUSIONS Whilst there was only modest overlap of DEGs identified in reference-free versus -dependent approaches, the resulting GO analysis was concordant in both approaches. The identified differences in dry seed transcriptomes suggest mechanisms underpinning previously identified contrasts between morphology and germination behaviour of M+ and NM seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per K I Wilhelmsson
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jake O Chandler
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Graeber
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kristian K Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Present Address: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Ploen, Germany
| | - Waheed Arshad
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Safina Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Johannes A Hofberger
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Buchta
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48864, USA
| | - J Chris Pires
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Ampomah‐Dwamena C, Thrimawithana AH, Dejnoprat S, Lewis D, Espley RV, Allan AC. A kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) R2R3-MYB transcription factor modulates chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:309-325. [PMID: 30067292 PMCID: PMC6585760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) regulate diverse plant developmental processes and understanding their roles in controlling pigment accumulation in fruit is important for developing new cultivars. In this study, we characterised kiwifruit TFMYB7, which was found to activate the promoter of the kiwifruit lycopene beta-cyclase (AdLCY-β) gene that plays a key role in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. To determine the role of MYB7, we analysed gene expression and metabolite profiles in Actinidia fruit which show different pigment profiles. The impact of MYB7 on metabolic biosynthetic pathways was then evaluated by overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by metabolite and gene expression analysis of the transformants. MYB7 was expressed in fruit that accumulated carotenoid and Chl pigments with high transcript levels associated with both pigments. Constitutive over-expression of MYB7, through transient or stable transformation of N. benthamiana, altered Chl and carotenoid pigment levels. MYB7 overexpression was associated with transcriptional activation of certain key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, Chl biosynthesis, and other processes such as chloroplast and thylakoid membrane organization. Our results suggest that MYB7 plays a role in modulating carotenoid and Chl pigment accumulation in tissues through transcriptional activation of metabolic pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ampomah‐Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Amali H. Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Supinya Dejnoprat
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - David Lewis
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 11600Palmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand
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Zhu X, Chen J, Qiu K, Kuai B. Phytohormone and Light Regulation of Chlorophyll Degradation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1911. [PMID: 29163624 PMCID: PMC5681529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Degreening, due to the net loss of chlorophyll (Chl), is the most prominent symptom during the processes of leaf senescence, fruit ripening, and seed maturation. Over the last decade or so, extensive identifications of Chl catabolic genes (CCGs) have led to the revelation of the biochemical pathway of Chl degradation. As such, exploration of the regulatory mechanism of the degreening process is greatly facilitated. During the past few years, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the regulation of Chl degradation, particularly via the mediation of major phytohormones' signaling. Intriguingly, ethylene and abscisic acid's signaling have been demonstrated to interweave with light signaling in mediating the regulation of Chl degradation. In this review, we briefly summarize this progress, with an effort on providing a framework for further investigation of multifaceted and hierarchical regulations of Chl degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Benke Kuai
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