1
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Tang J, Huang X, Sun M, Liang W. DWARF TILLER1 regulates apical-basal pattern formation and proper orientation of rice embryos. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024:kiae318. [PMID: 38905146 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Body axis establishment is one of the earliest patterning events in plant embryogenesis. Asymmetric zygote division is critical for apical-basal axis formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how the orientation of the cell division plane is regulated and its relation to apical-basal axis establishment and proper position of embryos in grasses remain poorly understood. By characterizing mutants of 3 rice (Oryza sativa) WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX9 (WOX9) genes, whose paralogs in Arabidopsis play essential roles in zygotic asymmetric cell division and cell fate determination, we found 2 kinds of independent embryonic defects: topsy-turvy embryos, in which apical-basal axis twists from being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the seed to being perpendicular; and organ-less embryos. In contrast to their Arabidopsis orthologs, OsWOX9s displayed dynamic distribution during embryo development. Both DWT1/OsWOX9A and DWL2/WOX9C play major roles in the apical-basal axis formation and initiation of stem cells. In addition, DWT1 has a distinct function in regulating the first few embryonic cell divisions to ensure the correct orientation of the embryo in the ovary. In summary, DWT1 acts in 2 steps during rice embryo pattern formation: the initial zygotic division, and with DWL2 to establish the main body axes and stem cell fate 2 to 3 d after pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaorong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572024, China
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2
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Sang T, Chen CW, Lin Z, Ma Y, Du Y, Lin PY, Hadisurya M, Zhu JK, Lang Z, Tao WA, Hsu CC, Wang P. DIA-based phosphoproteomics identifies early phosphorylation events in response to EGTA and mannitol in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024:100804. [PMID: 38901673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress significantly hampers plant growth and crop yields, emphasizing the need for a thorough comprehension of the underlying molecular responses. Previous research has demonstrated that osmotic stress rapidly induces calcium influx and signaling, along with the activation of a specific subset of protein kinases, notably the Raf-SnRK2 kinase cascades within minutes. However, the intricate interplay between calcium signaling and the activation of RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades remains elusive. Here in this study, we discovered that Raf-like protein (RAF) kinases undergo hyperphosphorylation in response to osmotic shocks. Intriguingly, treatment with the calcium chelator EGTA robustly activates RAF-SnRK2 cascades, mirroring the effects of osmotic treatment. Utilizing high-throughput DIA-based phosphoproteomics, we unveiled the global impact of EGTA on protein phosphorylation. Beyond the activation of RAFs and sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s), EGTA treatment also activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades, Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), and receptor-like protein kinases, etc. Through overlapping assays, we identified potential roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks) and receptor-like protein kinases in the osmotic-stress-induced activation of RAF-SnRK2 cascades. Our findings illuminate the regulation of phosphorylation and cellular events by Ca2+ signaling, offering insights into the (exocellular) Ca2+ deprivation during early hyperosmolality sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115201
| | - Zhen Lin
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115201
| | - Marco Hadisurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115201.
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wei S, Yu Z, Du F, Cao F, Yang M, Liu C, Qi Z, Chen Q, Zou J, Wang J. Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Characterization of a Chromosome Segment Substitution Line Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism Controlling the Seed Weight in Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:908. [PMID: 38592937 PMCID: PMC10975824 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Soybean is the major global source of edible oils and vegetable proteins. Seed size and weight are crucial traits determining the soybean yield. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the seed weight and size is helpful for improving soybean genetic breeding. The molecular regulatory pathways controlling the seed weight and size were investigated in this study. The 100-seed weight, seed length, seed width, and seed weight per plant of a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) R217 increased compared with those of its recurrent parent 'Suinong14' (SN14). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of R217 and SN14 were performed at the seed developmental stages S15 and S20. In total, 2643 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 208 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were detected at S15, and 1943 DEGs and 1248 DAPs were detected at S20. Furthermore, integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and cell wall biosynthesis and modification were potential pathways associated with seed weight and size control. Finally, 59 candidate genes that might control seed weight and size were identified. Among them, 25 genes were located on the substituted segments of R217. Two critical pathways controlling seed weight were uncovered in our work. These findings provided new insights into the seed weight-related regulatory network in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Heilongjiang Province Green Food Science Institute, Harbin 150028, China;
| | - Fangfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Fubin Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Mingliang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Chunyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Qingshan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Jianan Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Jinhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.W.); (F.D.); (F.C.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.Q.)
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Wang F, Liang S, Wang G, Wang Q, Xu Z, Li B, Fu C, Fan Y, Hu T, Alariqi M, Hussain A, Cao J, Li J, Zhang X, Jin S. Comprehensive analysis of MAPK gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and functional characterization of GhMPK31 in regulating defense response to insect infestation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:102. [PMID: 38499710 PMCID: PMC10948490 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcriptomic, phenotypic and metabolomic analysis of transgenic plants overexpressing GhMPK31 in upland cotton revealed the regulation of H2O2 burst and the synthesis of defensive metabolites by GhMPK31. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a crucial class of protein kinases, which play an essential role in various biological processes in plants. Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) is the most widely cultivated cotton species with high economic value. To gain a better understanding of the role of the MAPK gene family, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the MAPK gene family in cotton. In this study, a total of 55 GhMPK genes were identified from the whole genome of G. hirsutum. Through an investigation of the expression patterns under diverse stress conditions, we discovered that the majority of GhMPK family members demonstrated robust responses to abiotic stress, pathogen stress and pest stress. Furthermore, the overexpression of GhMPK31 in cotton leaves led to a hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death phenotype and impaired the defense capability of cotton against herbivorous insects. Transcriptome and metabolomics data analysis showed that overexpression of GhMPK31 enhanced the expression of H2O2-related genes and reduced the accumulation of defensive related metabolites. The direct evidence of GhMPK31 interacting with GhRBOHB (H2O2-generating protein) were found by Y2H, BiFC, and LCI. Therefore, we propose that the increase of H2O2 content caused by overexpression of GhMPK31 resulted in HR-like cell death in cotton leaves while reducing the accumulation of defensive metabolites, ultimately leading to a decrease in the defense ability of cotton against herbivorous insects. This study provides valuable insights into the function of MAPK genes in plant resistance to herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiu Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sijia Liang
- Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyang Fu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muna Alariqi
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinglin Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Li
- The Southern Xinjiang Research Institute of Shihezi University, TuMu ShuKe, Xinjiang, 843900, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Matsumoto H, Ueda M. Polarity establishment in the plant zygote at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261809. [PMID: 38436556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex structures of multicellular organisms originate from a unicellular zygote. In most angiosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, the zygote is distinctly polar and divides asymmetrically to produce an apical cell, which generates the aboveground part of the plant body, and a basal cell, which generates the root tip and extraembryonic suspensor. Thus, zygote polarity is pivotal for establishing the apical-basal axis running from the shoot apex to the root tip of the plant body. The molecular mechanisms and spatiotemporal dynamics behind zygote polarization remain elusive. However, advances in live-cell imaging of plant zygotes have recently made significant insights possible. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize our understanding of the early steps in apical-basal axis formation in Arabidopsis, with a focus on de novo transcriptional activation after fertilization and the intracellular dynamics leading to the first asymmetric division of the zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Zhu S, Pan L, Vu LD, Xu X, Orosa-Puente B, Zhu T, Neyt P, van de Cotte B, Jacobs TB, Gendron JM, Spoel SH, Gevaert K, De Smet I. Phosphoproteome analyses pinpoint the F-box protein SLOW MOTION as a regulator of warm temperature-mediated hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:687-702. [PMID: 37950543 PMCID: PMC11091872 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation is controlled by several signals and is a major characteristic of plants growing in darkness or under warm temperature. While already several molecular mechanisms associated with this process are known, protein degradation and associated E3 ligases have hardly been studied in the context of warm temperature. In a time-course phosphoproteome analysis on Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to control or warm ambient temperature, we observed reduced levels of diverse proteins over time, which could be due to transcription, translation, and/or degradation. In addition, we observed differential phosphorylation of the LRR F-box protein SLOMO MOTION (SLOMO) at two serine residues. We demonstrate that SLOMO is a negative regulator of hypocotyl growth, also under warm temperature conditions, and protein-protein interaction studies revealed possible interactors of SLOMO, such as MKK5, DWF1, and NCED4. We identified DWF1 as a likely SLOMO substrate and a regulator of warm temperature-mediated hypocotyl growth. We propose that warm temperature-mediated regulation of SLOMO activity controls the abundance of hypocotyl growth regulators, such as DWF1, through ubiquitin-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshuo Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lixia Pan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Orosa-Puente
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pia Neyt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas B. Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Steven H. Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhao Z, Liang C, Zhang W, Yang Y, Bi Q, Yu H, Wang L. Genome-wide association analysis identifies a candidate gene controlling seed size and yield in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad243. [PMID: 38225982 PMCID: PMC10788774 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a woody oilseed tree species whose seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and rare neuronic acids, and can be used as a high-grade edible oil or as a feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the genetic mechanisms related to seed yield in yellow horn are not well elucidated. This study identified 2 164 863 SNP loci based on 222 genome-wide resequencing data of yellow horn germplasm. We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis on three core traits (hundred-grain weight, single-fruit seed mass, and single-fruit seed number) that influence seed yield for the years 2022 and 2020, and identified 399 significant SNP loci. Among these loci, the Chr10_24013014 and Chr10_24012613 loci caught our attention due to their consistent associations across multiple analyses. Through Sanger sequencing, we validated the genotypes of these two loci across 16 germplasms, confirming their consistency with the GWAS analysis results. Downstream of these two significant loci, we identified a candidate gene encoding an AP2 transcription factor protein, which we named XsAP2. RT-qPCR analysis revealed high expression of the XsAP2 gene in seeds, and a significant negative correlation between its expression levels and seed hundred-grain weight, as well as single-fruit seed mass, suggesting its potential role in the normal seed development process. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines with the overexpressed XsAP2 gene exhibited varying degrees of reduction in seed size, number of seeds per silique, and number of siliques per plant compared with wild-type Arabidopsis. Combining these results, we hypothesize that the XsAP2 gene may have a negative regulatory effect on seed yield of yellow horn. These results provide a reference for the molecular breeding of high-yielding yellow horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chongjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Quanxin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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8
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Fan Z, Zhao B, Lai R, Wu H, Jia L, Zhao X, Luo J, Huang Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lai Z. Genome-Wide Identification of the MPK Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Low-Temperature Stress in the Banana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2926. [PMID: 37631138 PMCID: PMC10460080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs and MPKs) are important in the process of resisting plant stress. In this study, 21, 12, 18, 16, and 10 MPKs were identified from Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, Musa itinerans, Musa schizocarpa, and Musa textilis, respectively. These MPKs were divided into Group A, B, C, and D. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this difference in number was due to the gene shrinkage of the Group B subfamily of Musa balbisiana and Musa textilis. KEGG annotations revealed that K14512, which is involved in plant hormone signal transduction and the plant-pathogen interaction, was the most conserved pathway of the MPKs. The results of promoter cis-acting element prediction and focTR4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4) transcriptome expression analysis preliminarily confirmed that MPKs were relevant to plant hormone and biotic stress, respectively. The expression of MPKs in Group A was significantly upregulated at 4 °C, and dramatically, the MPKs in the root were affected by low temperature. miR172, miR319, miR395, miR398, and miR399 may be the miRNAs that regulate MPKs during low-temperature stress, with miR172 being the most critical. miRNA prediction and qRT-PCR results indicated that miR172 may negatively regulate MPKs. Therefore, we deduced that MPKs might coordinate with miR172 to participate in the process of the resistance to low-temperature stress in the roots of the banana. This study will provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the mechanism of MPKs under low-temperature stress of bananas, and this study could be applied to molecular breeding of bananas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Fan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bianbian Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ruilian Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Liang Jia
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaobing Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuji Huang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Wang J, Gong Y, Yan X, Han R, Chen H. CdTe-QDs Affect Reproductive Development of Plants through Oxidative Stress. TOXICS 2023; 11:585. [PMID: 37505551 PMCID: PMC10386043 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of industry, an increasing number of nanomaterials are widely used. CdTe-QDs is a nanomaterial with good optical properties, but its release into the natural environment may pose a potential threat. The toxicity of nanoparticles in plants is beginning to be questioned, and the effect on phytotoxicity is unclear. In this study, we simulated air pollution and soil pollution (CdTe-QDs concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mmol/L) by spraying and watering the seedlings, respectively. We determined the transport pathways of CdTe-QDs in Arabidopsis thaliana and their effects on plant reproductive growth. Spraying CdTe-QDs concentration >0.4 mmol/L significantly inhibited the formation of fruit and decreased the number of seeds. Observation with a laser confocal scanning microscope revealed that CdTe-QDs were mainly transported in plants through the vascular bundle, and spraying increased their accumulation in the anthers and ovaries. The expression level of genes associated with Cd stress was analyzed through RT-qPCR. CdTe-QDs significantly increased the expression levels of 10 oxidative stress-related genes and significantly decreased the expression levels of four cell-proliferation-related genes. Our results reveal for the first time the transport of CdTe-QDs in Arabidopsis flowers and demonstrate that QDs can cause abnormal pollen morphology, form defects of pollen vitality, and inhibit pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis through oxidative damage. These phenomena ultimately lead to the inability of Arabidopsis to complete the normal fertilization process and affect the reproductive growth of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Upgrading Office of Modern College of Humanities and Sciences of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Macromolecules Stress Response, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yan Gong
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Macromolecules Stress Response, Taiyuan 030000, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Rong Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Macromolecules Stress Response, Taiyuan 030000, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Macromolecules Stress Response, Taiyuan 030000, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
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10
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Manna M, Rengasamy B, Sinha AK. Revisiting the role of MAPK signalling pathway in plants and its manipulation for crop improvement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37157977 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress adaptation. Being a central metabolic pathway, it is a vital target for manipulation for crop improvement. In this review, we have summarised recent advancements in understanding involvement of MAPK signalling in modulating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, architecture and yield of plants. MAPK signalling cross talks with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling events in bringing about abiotic stress adaptation in plants. The intricate involvement of MAPK pathway with plant's pathogen defence ability has also been identified. Further, recent research findings point towards participation of MAPK signalling in shaping plant architecture and yield. These make MAPK pathway an important target for crop improvement and we discuss here various strategies to tweak MAPK signalling components for designing future crops with improved physiology and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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11
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Yang Z, Qin T, Jin H, Wang J, Li C, Lim KJ, Wang Z. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Regulatory Mechanisms of Early Fruit Enlargement in Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4901-4914. [PMID: 36938622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a popular tree nut. Its fruit development undergoes slow growth, rapid expansion, core hardening, and kernel maturation stages. However, little is known about how pecan initiates fruit development and enlargement after pollination. In this study, we performed the first large-scale identification of potential phosphorylation sites and proteins at early development of pecan fruit by a label-free phosphoproteomic quantification technique. A total of 2155 phosphosites were identified from 1953 phosphopeptides covering 1311 phosphoproteins in unpollinated pistils and fruits at 5 and 9 weeks after pollination. Of these, 699 nonredundant phosphoproteins were differentially phosphorylated (DP). Furthermore, the phosphorylation intensity of DP proteins in brassinolide (BR) and auxin signaling were analyzed, and the function of CiBZR1 was investigated. Ectopic expression of CiBZR1 resulted in BR response phenotypes with curled leaves and fruit, while enlarged seed size in Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity assay demonstrated that CiBZR1 distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm with transcriptional activity. When two phosphosites mutated, CiBZR1S201P,S205G moved to the nucleus completely, while the transcriptional activity remained unchanged. Taken together, our data reveal extensive phosphoproteins and lay a foundation to comprehensively dissect the potential post-translational regulation mechanism of early development of pecan fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kean-Jin Lim
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Ishimoto K, Nosaka-Takahashi M, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Watanabe T, Abe K, Shimizu-Sato S, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Hirochika H, Sato Y. Post-embryonic function of GLOBULAR EMBRYO 4 (GLE4)/OsMPK6 in rice development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:9-13. [PMID: 38213919 PMCID: PMC10777123 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In plants, mitogen activated protein kinases (MPKs) are involved in various signaling pathways that lead to biotic and abiotic responses as well as that regulate developmental processes. Among them, MPK6 and its closely related homologue, MPK3, act redundantly and are known to be involved in asymmetric cell divisions of meristemoid mother cells in stomata development and of zygotes in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutants of GLE4/OsMPK6, which is an orthologue of MPK6 in rice, showed a defect in polarity establishment in early stage of embryogenesis. However, because of the embryo lethality of the mutations, the function of GLE4/OsMPK6 in post-embryonic development is not clarified. Here, we report the analysis of post embryonic function of GLE4/OsMPK6 in vegetative stage of rice using regenerated gle4/osmpk6 homozygous plants from tissue culture. The regenerated plants are dwarf and produce multiple shoots with small leaves. These shoots never develop into reproductive stage, instead, proliferate vegetative shoots repeatedly. Leaves of gle4/osmpk6 have small leaf blade at the tip and blade-sheath boundary become obscure. Stomata arrangement is also disturbed in gle4/osmpk6 leaf blade. The shape of shoot apical meristem of gle4/osmpk6 become disorganized. Thus, GLE4/OsMPK6 functions in shoot organization and stomata patterning in the post embryonic development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoe Ishimoto
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Watanabe
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Abe
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Sae Shimizu-Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirochika
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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13
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Dong J. Asymmetric cell division in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:343-370. [PMID: 36610013 PMCID: PMC9975081 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental process that generates new cell types during development in eukaryotic species. In plant development, post-embryonic organogenesis driven by ACD is universal and more important than in animals, in which organ pattern is preset during embryogenesis. Thus, plant development provides a powerful system to study molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the key components and mechanisms involved in this important process in plants. Here, we present an overview of how ACD is determined and regulated in multiple biological processes in plant development and compare their conservation and specificity among different model cell systems. We also summarize the molecular roles and mechanisms of the phytohormones in the regulation of plant ACD. Finally, we conclude with the overarching paradigms and principles that govern plant ACD and consider how new technologies can be exploited to fill the knowledge gaps and make new advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08891, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
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14
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Bhagat PK, Sharma D, Verma D, Singh K, Sinha AK. Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 regulates D-glucose signaling and interacts with G-protein, RGS1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111484. [PMID: 36195119 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar as a signaling molecule has attracted lots of attention. Even though several kinases have been shown to play a crucial role in the sugar signaling and response to exogenous D-glucose (Glc), the information on the involvement of MAP kinase cascade in sugar signaling has remain largely unexplored. In this report we demonstrate that MAP kinase signaling is essential for sensitivity to higher concentrations of D-Glc in Arabidopsis. We found that D-Glc activates MAP kinases, MPK3 and MPK6 in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The mutants of mpk3 and mpk6 display hyposensitivity to 6% D-Glc during seed germination, cotyledon greening and root growth. Interestingly, the altered sensitivity to increased D-Glc is severely enhanced by addition of 1% Sucrose in the media. Our study also deciphered the role of one of the Glc sensor proteins, RGS1 that interacts and gets phosphorylated at its C-terminal domain by MPK3 and MPK6. Overall our study provides a new insight on the involvement of MAP kinases in association with G-proteins that might regulate sugar signaling and sugar responsive growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India.
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15
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Gao Y, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Song H, Yang Q, Yang P, Gao X, Gao J, Feng B. Conuping BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq Reveal the Molecular Pathway and Genes Associated with the Plant Height of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911824. [PMID: 36233125 PMCID: PMC9569614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) plays an important role in C4 crop research and agricultural development in arid areas due to its short growth period, drought tolerance, and barren tolerance. Exploration of the dwarfing mechanism and the dwarf genes of foxtail millet can provide a reference for dwarf breeding and dwarf research of other C4 crops. In this study, genetic analysis was performed using phenotypic data, candidate genes were screened by bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq); differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways in different strains of high samples were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The association analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq further narrowed the candidate range. As a result, a total of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and nine candidate genes related to plant height were obtained on chromosomes I and IX. Based on the functional prediction of the candidate genes, we propose a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of millet dwarfing, in which, metabolism and MAPK signaling play important roles in the formation of foxtail millet plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Dexing Township Agro-Pastoral Comprehensive Service Center, Nyingchi 860700, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Song
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wu X, Cai X, Zhang B, Wu S, Wang R, Li N, Li Y, Sun Y, Tang W. ERECTA regulates seed size independently of its intracellular domain via MAPK-DA1-UBP15 signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3773-3789. [PMID: 35848951 PMCID: PMC9516062 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed size is determined by the coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and integument. Growth of the integument is initiated by signal molecules released from the developing endosperm or embryo. Although recent studies have identified many components that regulate seed size by controlling integument growth, the upstream signals and the signal transduction pathway that activate these components after double fertilization are unclear. Here, we report that the receptor-like kinase ERECTA (ER) controls seed size by regulating outer integument cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Seeds from er mutants were smaller, while those from ER-overexpressing plants were larger, than those of control plants. Different from its role in regulating the development of other organs, ER regulates seed size via a novel mechanism that is independent of its intracellular domain. Our genetic and biochemical data show that a MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) signaling pathway comprising MAPK-KINASE 4/5, MAPK 3/6 (MPK3/6), DA1, and UBIQUITIN SPECIFIC PROTEASE 15 (UBP15) functions downstream of ER and modulates seed size. MPK3/6 phosphorylation inactivates and destabilizes DA1 to increase the abundance of UBP15, promoting outer integument cell proliferation and increasing seed size. Our study illustrates a nearly completed ER-mediated signaling pathway that regulates seed size and will help uncover the mechanism that coordinates embryo, endosperm, and integument growth after double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Ruiju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant, Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant, Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Author for correspondence: (Y.S.), (W.T.)
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17
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang P, Xia Y. Arabidopsis MAPKK kinases YODA, MAPKKK3, and MAPKKK5 are functionally redundant in development and immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:206-210. [PMID: 35670747 PMCID: PMC9434298 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three MAPK cascade components in Arabidopsis, YDA (MAPKKK4) and MAPKKK3/5, function redundantly in multiple developmental processes and immunity and regulate floral organ abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hailei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengxi Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.W); (Y.X.)
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18
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Liu Y, Leary E, Saffaf O, Frank Baker R, Zhang S. Overlapping functions of YDA and MAPKKK3/MAPKKK5 upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in plant immunity and growth/development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1531-1542. [PMID: 35652263 PMCID: PMC9544710 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MAPK3 or MPK3) and MPK6 play important signaling roles in plant immunity and growth/development. MAPK KINASE4 (MKK4) and MKK5 function redundantly upstream of MPK3 and MPK6 in these processes. YODA (YDA), also known as MAPK KINASE KINASE4 (MAPKKK4), is upstream of MKK4/MKK5 and forms a complete MAPK cascade (YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6) in regulating plant growth and development. In plant immunity, MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5 function redundantly upstream of the same MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module. However, the residual activation of MPK3/MPK6 in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 double mutant in response to flg22 pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatment suggests the presence of additional MAPKKK(s) in this MAPK cascade in signaling plant immunity. To investigate whether YDA is also involved in plant immunity, we attempted to generate mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants. However, it was not possible to recover one of the double mutant combinations (mapkkk5 yda) or the triple mutant (mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda) due to a failure of embryogenesis. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) - CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) approach, we generated weak, N-terminal deletion alleles of YDA, yda-del, in a mapkkk3 mapkkk5 background. PAMP-triggered MPK3/MPK6 activation was further reduced in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda-del mutant, and the triple mutant was more susceptible to pathogen infection, suggesting YDA also plays an important role in plant immune signaling. In addition, MAPKKK5 and, to a lesser extent, MAPKKK3 were found to contribute to gamete function and embryogenesis, together with YDA. While the double homozygous mapkkk3 yda mutant showed the same growth and development defects as the yda single mutant, mapkkk5 yda double mutant and mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants were embryo lethal, similar to the mpk3 mpk6 double mutants. These results demonstrate that YDA, MAPKKK3, and MAPKKK5 have overlapping functions upstream of the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module in both plant immunity and growth/development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Emma Leary
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Obai Saffaf
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - R. Frank Baker
- Advanced Light Microscopy CoreUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
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19
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Crystal structure of the phosphorylated Arabidopsis MKK5 reveals activation mechanism of MAPK kinases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1159-1170. [PMID: 35866601 PMCID: PMC9909325 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are highly conserved in eukaryotes, regulating various cellular processes. The MAPK kinases (MKKs) are dual specificity kinases, serving as convergence and divergence points of the tripartite MAPK cascades. Here, we investigate the biochemical characteristics and three-dimensional structure of MKK5 in Arabidopsis (AtMKK5). The recombinant full-length AtMKK5 is phosphorylated and can activate its physiological substrate AtMPK6. There is a conserved kinase interacting motif (KIM) at the N-terminus of AtMKK5, indispensable for specific recognition of AtMPK6. The kinase domain of AtMKK5 adopts active conformation, of which the extended activation segment is stabilized by the phosphorylated Ser221 and Thr215 residues. In line with sequence divergence from other MKKs, the αD and αK helices are missing in AtMKK5, suggesting that the AtMKK5 may adopt distinct modes of upstream kinase/substrate binding. Our data shed lights on the molecular mechanisms of MKK activation and substrate recognition, which may help design specific inhibitors targeting human and plant MKKs.
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20
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Dhaka N, Jain R, Yadav A, Yadav P, Kumar N, Sharma MK, Sharma R. Transcriptome analysis reveals cell cycle-related transcripts as key determinants of varietal differences in seed size of Brassica juncea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11713. [PMID: 35810218 PMCID: PMC9271088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea is an important oilseed crop, widely grown as a source of edible oil. Seed size is a pivotal agricultural trait in oilseed Brassicas. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying seed size determination are poorly understood. To elucidate the transcriptional dynamics involved in the determination of seed size in B. juncea, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis using developing seeds of two varieties, small-seeded Early Heera2 (EH2) and bold-seeded Pusajaikisan (PJK), at three distinct stages (15, 30 and 45 days after pollination). We detected 112,550 transcripts, of which 27,186 and 19,522 were differentially expressed in the intra-variety comparisons and inter-variety comparisons, respectively. Functional analysis using pathway, gene ontology, and transcription factor enrichment revealed that cell cycle- and cell division-related transcripts stay upregulated during later stages of seed development in the bold-seeded variety but are downregulated at the same stage in the small-seeded variety, indicating that an extended period of cell proliferation in the later stages increased seed weight in PJK as compared to EH2. Further, k-means clustering and candidate genes-based analyses unravelled candidates for employing in seed size improvement of B. juncea. In addition, candidates involved in determining seed coat color, oil content, and other seed traits were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Rubi Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinandan Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Pinky Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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21
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Yi P, Goshima G. Division site determination during asymmetric cell division in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2120-2139. [PMID: 35201345 PMCID: PMC9134084 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During development, both animals and plants exploit asymmetric cell division (ACD) to increase tissue complexity, a process that usually generates cells dissimilar in size, morphology, and fate. Plants lack the key regulators that control ACD in animals. Instead, plants have evolved two unique cytoskeletal structures to tackle this problem: the preprophase band (PPB) and phragmoplast. The assembly of the PPB and phragmoplast and their contributions to division plane orientation have been extensively studied. However, how the division plane is positioned off the cell center during asymmetric division is poorly understood. Over the past 20 years, emerging evidence points to a critical role for polarly localized membrane proteins in this process. Although many of these proteins are species- or cell type specific, and the molecular mechanism underlying division asymmetry is not fully understood, common features such as morphological changes in cells, cytoskeletal dynamics, and nuclear positioning have been observed. In this review, we provide updates on polarity establishment and nuclear positioning during ACD in plants. Together with previous findings about symmetrically dividing cells and the emerging roles of developmental cues, we aim to offer evolutionary insight into a common framework for asymmetric division-site determination and highlight directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba 517-0004, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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22
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Sun T, Zhang Y. MAP kinase cascades in plant development and immune signaling. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53817. [PMID: 35041234 PMCID: PMC8811656 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the functions of MAPK cascades in plants. This review summarizes the roles of MAPKs, known MAPK substrates, and our current understanding of MAPK cascades in plant development and innate immunity. In addition, recent findings on the molecular links connecting surface receptors to MAPK cascades and the mechanisms underlying MAPK signaling specificity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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23
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Wang W, Xiong H, Sun K, Zhang B, Sun MX. New insights into cell-cell communications during seed development in flowering plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:215-229. [PMID: 34473416 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of seeds is a major reason why flowering plants are a dominant life form on Earth. The developing seed is composed of two fertilization products, the embryo and endosperm, which are surrounded by a maternally derived seed coat. Accumulating evidence indicates that efficient communication among all three seed components is required to ensure coordinated seed development. Cell communication within plant seeds has drawn much attention in recent years. In this study, we review current knowledge of cross-talk among the endosperm, embryo, and seed coat during seed development, and highlight recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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24
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Yang XD, Hou ZS, Liu MQ, Zeng C, Zhao HK, Xin YR, Xiang KW, Yang Q, Wen HS, Li JF. Identification and characterization of mkk genes and their expression profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) symptomatically or asymptomatically infected with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:1-11. [PMID: 34974153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are intermediate kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. MKKs are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MKKK) and then the activated MKKs trigger the activation of downstream MAPKs. MAPK signaling pathways play an important role in regulating immune functions including apoptosis and inflammation. However, studies on identification and characterization of mkk repertoire in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are still limited. Trout experienced 4 rounds (4R) of whole genome duplication (WGD), thus exhibiting increased paralogs of mkks with potentially functional diversity. In this study, we identified 17 mkk genes in trout and the following bacterial challenge (Vibrio anguillarum) studies showed functional diversity of different mkk subtypes. Vibrio anguillarum infection resulted in significantly up-regulated mkk2 subtypes in spleen and liver, and mkk4b3 in spleen, suggesting immunomodulation was regulated by activation of ERK, p38 and JNK pathways. Compared to other mkk subtypes, mkk6s were down-regulated in symptomatic group, rather than asymptomatic group. The organisms present negative feedback on MAPK activation, thus reducing extra damage to cells. We observed down-regulated mkk6s with up-regulated genes (dusp1 & dusp2) involved in negative feedback of MAPK activation. Based on these results, we might propose the distinct expression patterns of genes associated with MAPK pathways resulted in different phenotypes and symptoms of trout in response to bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Xin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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25
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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26
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Montgomery SA, Berger F. The evolution of imprinting in plants: beyond the seed. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:373-383. [PMID: 33914165 PMCID: PMC8566399 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting results in the biased expression of alleles depending on if the allele was inherited from the mother or the father. Despite the prevalence of sexual reproduction across eukaryotes, imprinting is only found in placental mammals, flowering plants, and some insects, suggesting independent evolutionary origins. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the selective pressures that favour the innovation of imprinted gene expression and each differs in their experimental support and predictions. Due to the lack of investigation of imprinting in land plants, other than angiosperms with triploid endosperm, we do not know whether imprinting occurs in species lacking endosperm and with embryos developing on maternal plants. Here, we discuss the potential for uncovering additional examples of imprinting in land plants and how these observations may provide additional support for one or more existing imprinting hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Montgomery
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Plant development: Suspensors as a battlefield for parental tug-of-war? Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1424-R1426. [PMID: 34752766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parental contributions to zygotes can influence early embryogenesis and may regulate the distribution of maternal resources to progeny. A new study in Arabidopsis thaliana has demonstrated that signaling components from maternal sporophytic tissues and paternal gametes converge in zygotes to promote elongation of the extraembryonic suspensor, which supports the developing embryo proper.
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28
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Independent parental contributions initiate zygote polarization in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4810-4816.e5. [PMID: 34496220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis of flowering plants is initiated by polarization of the zygote, a prerequisite for correct axis formation in the embryo. The daughter cells of the asymmetric zygote division form the pro-embryo and the mostly extra-embryonic suspensor.1 The suspensor plays a pivotal role in nutrient and hormone transport and rapid growth of the embryo.2,3 Zygote polarization is controlled by a MITOGEN-ACTIVATING PROTEIN (MAP) kinase signaling pathway including the MAPKK kinase (MAP3K) YODA (YDA)4 and the upstream membrane-associated proteins BRASINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and BSK2.5,6 Furthermore, suspensor development is controlled by cysteine-rich peptides of the EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) family.7 While they act genetically upstream of YDA, the corresponding receptor to perceive these potential ligands is unknown. In other developmental processes, such as stomata development, YDA activity is controlled by receptor kinases of the ERECTA family (ERf).8-12 While the receptor kinases upstream of BSK1/2 in the embryo have so far not been identified,1 YDA is in part activated by the sperm cell-derived BSK family member SHORT SUSPENSOR (SSP) that represents a naturally occurring, constitutively active variant of BSK1.5,13 It has been speculated that SSP might be a paternal component of a parental tug-of-war controlling resource allocation toward the embryo.2,13 Here, we show that in addition to SSP, the receptor kinase ERECTA plays a crucial role in zygote polarization as a maternally contributed part of the embryonic YDA pathway. We conclude that two independent parental contributions initiate zygote polarization and control embryo development.
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29
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Xiao W, Hu S, Zou X, Cai R, Liao R, Lin X, Yao R, Guo X. Lectin receptor-like kinase LecRK-VIII.2 is a missing link in MAPK signaling-mediated yield control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:303-320. [PMID: 34618128 PMCID: PMC8418426 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The energy allocation for vegetative and reproductive growth is regulated by developmental signals and environmental cues, which subsequently affects seed output. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how plants coordinate yield-related traits to control yield in changing source-sink relationships remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered the lectin receptor-like kinase LecRK-VIII.2 as a specific receptor-like kinase that coordinates silique number, seed size, and seed number to determine seed yield in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The lecrk-VIII.2 mutants develop smaller seeds, but more siliques and seeds, leading to increased yield. In contrast, the plants overexpressing LecRK-VIII.2 form bigger seeds, but less siliques and seeds, which results in similar yield to that of wild-type plants. Interestingly, LecRK-VIII.2 promotes the growth of the rosette, root, and stem by coordinating the source-sink relationship. Additionally, LecRK-VIII.2 positively regulates cell expansion and proliferation in the seed coat, and maternally controls seed size. The genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that LecRK-VIII.2 acts upstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene MPK6 to regulate silique number, seed size, and seed number. Collectively, these findings uncover LecRK-VIII.2 as an upstream component of the MAPK signaling pathway to control yield-related traits and suggest its potential for crop improvement aimed at developing plants with stable yield, a robust root system, and improved lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruqiong Cai
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rui Liao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruifeng Yao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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30
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Galindo-Trigo S. A balancing act: the role of a lectin receptor kinase in determining seed size and quantity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:21-23. [PMID: 34618160 PMCID: PMC8418437 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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31
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Xi X, Hu Z, Nie X, Meng M, Xu H, Li J. Cross Inhibition of MPK10 and WRKY10 Participating in the Growth of Endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640346. [PMID: 33897728 PMCID: PMC8062763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The product of double fertilization produces seed, which contains three components: triploid endosperm, diploid embryo, and maternal seed coat. Amongst them, the endosperm plays a crucial role in coordinating seed growth. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved in eukaryotes and involved in signal transduction of plant development. MPK3, MPK6, and MPK10 form a small group of MPKs family in Arabidopsis thaliana. MPK3 and MPK6 are extensively studied and were found to be involved in diverse processes including plant reproduction. However, less is known about the function of MPK10. Here, we found WRKY10/MINI3, a member of HAIKU (IKU) pathway engaging in endosperm development, and MPK10 is high-specifically expressed in the early developmental endosperm but with opposite gradients. We further proved that MPK10 and WRKY10 cross-inhibit the expression of each other. The inhibition effect of MPK10 on gene expression of WRKY10 and the downstream targets is supported by the fact that MPK10 interacts with WRKY10 and suppresses the transcriptional activity of WRKY10. Constantly, mpk10 mutants produce big seeds while WRKY10/MINI3 positively regulate seed growth. Altogether, our data provides a model of WRKY10 and MPK10 regulating endosperm development with a unique cross inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Xi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengdao Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuerui Nie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingming Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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32
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Zhang M, Xu X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Deng X, Luo S, Wu Q, Xu J, Zhang S. Expression of a plastid-localized sugar transporter in the suspensor is critical to embryogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1021-1038. [PMID: 33793862 PMCID: PMC8133565 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development rely on sugar transport between source and sink cells and between different organelles. The plastid-localized sugar transporter GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATER1 (GPT1) is an essential gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using a partially rescued gpt1 mutant and cell-specific RNAi suppression of GPT1, we demonstrated that GPT1 is essential to the function of the embryo suspensor and the development of the embryo. GPT1 showed a dynamic expression/accumulation pattern during embryogenesis. Inhibition of GPT1 accumulation via RNAi using a suspensor-specific promoter resulted in embryos and seedlings with defects similar to auxin mutants. Loss of function of GPT1 in the suspensor also led to abnormal/ectopic cell division in the lower part of the suspensor, which gave rise to an ectopic embryo, resulting in twin embryos in some seeds. Furthermore, loss of function of GPT1 resulted in vacuolar localization of PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) and altered DR5 auxin activity. Proper localization of PIN1 on the plasma membrane is essential to polar auxin transport and distribution, a key determinant of pattern formation during embryogenesis. Our findings suggest that the function of GPT1 in the embryo suspensor is linked to sugar and/or hormone distribution between the embryo proper and the maternal tissues, and is important for maintenance of suspensor identity and function during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangxiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Suan Luo
- College of Plant Protection, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiuping Wu
- College of Plant Protection, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Author for communication:
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33
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Wang Y, Wang J, Guo S, Tian S, Zhang J, Ren Y, Li M, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of ClBG1 decreased seed size and promoted seed germination in watermelon. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:70. [PMID: 33790265 PMCID: PMC8012358 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical regulator of seed development and germination. β-glucosidases (BGs) have been suggested to be contributors to increased ABA content because they catalyze the hydrolysis of ABA-glucose ester to release free ABA. However, whether BGs are involved in seed development is unclear. In this study, a candidate gene, ClBG1, in watermelon was selected for targeted mutagenesis via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Seed size and weight were significantly reduced in the Clbg1-mutant watermelon lines, which was mainly attributed to decreased cell number resulting from decreased ABA levels. A transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of 1015 and 1429 unique genes was changed 10 and 18 days after pollination (DAP), respectively. Cytoskeleton- and cell cycle-related genes were enriched in the differentially expressed genes of wild type and Clbg1-mutant lines during seed development. Moreover, the expression of genes in the major signaling pathways of seed size control was also changed. In addition, seed germination was promoted in the Clbg1-mutant lines due to decreased ABA content. These results indicate that ClBG1 may be critical for watermelon seed size regulation and germination mainly through the modulation of ABA content and thereby the transcriptional regulation of cytoskeleton-, cell cycle- and signaling-related genes. Our results lay a foundation for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of controlling watermelon seed size, a key agricultural trait of significant economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Control of seed size by jasmonate. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1215-1226. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Armenta-Medina A, Gillmor CS, Gao P, Mora-Macias J, Kochian LV, Xiang D, Datla R. Developmental and genomic architecture of plant embryogenesis: from model plant to crops. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100136. [PMID: 33511346 PMCID: PMC7816075 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant species. The fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote, a totipotent cell that, through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis, establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult plant. The subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo, while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination, ensuring continuation of the plant life cycle. In this review on embryogenesis, we compare the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana with monocot crops, focusing on genome activation, paternal and maternal regulation of early zygote development, and key organizers of patterning, such as auxin and WOX transcription factors. While the early stages of embryo development are apparently conserved among plant species, embryo maturation programs have diversified between eudicots and monocots. This diversification in crop species reflects the likely effects of domestication on seed quality traits that are determined during embryo maturation, and also assures seed germination in different environmental conditions. This review describes the most important features of embryonic development in plants, and the scope and applications of genomics in plant embryo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Armenta-Medina
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - C. Stewart Gillmor
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Peng Gao
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Javier Mora-Macias
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
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Křenek P, Chubar E, Vadovič P, Ohnoutková L, Vlčko T, Bergougnoux V, Cápal P, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Barley Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6 Gene Causes Abnormal Embryo Development Leading to Severely Reduced Grain Germination and Seedling Shootless Phenotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670302. [PMID: 34394137 PMCID: PMC8361755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The diverse roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs, MPKs) in plant development could be efficiently revealed by reverse genetic studies. In Arabidopsis, mpk6 knockout mutants complete the life cycle; however, ~40% of their embryos show defects in the development leading to abnormal phenotypes of seeds and seedlings' roots. Contrary to the Arabidopsis MPK6, the rice MPK6 (OsMPK6) is an essential gene as transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion and CRISPR/Cas9 induced loss-of-function mutations in the OsMPK6 cause early embryo arrest. In this study, we successfully developed a viable transgenic barley line with the CRISPR/Cas9-induced heterozygous single base pair cytosine-guanine (CG) deletion [wild type (WT)/-1C] in the third exon of the HvMPK6 gene, a barley ortholog of the Arabidopsis and rice MPK6. There were no obvious macroscopic phenotype differences between the WT/-1C plants and WT plants. All the grains collected from the WT/-1C plants were of similar size and appearance. However, seedling emergence percentage (SEP) from these grains was substantially decreased in the soil in the T2 and T3 generation. The mutation analysis of the 248 emerged T2 and T3 generation plants showed that none of them was a biallelic mutant in the HvMPK6 gene, suggesting lethality of the -1C/-1C homozygous knockout mutation. In the soil, the majority of the -1C/-1C grains did not germinate and the minority of them developed into abnormal seedlings with a shootless phenotype and a reduced root system. Some of the -1C/-1C seedlings also developed one or more small chlorotic leaf blade-like structure/structures. The -1C/-1C grains contained the late-stage developed abnormal embryos with the morphologically obvious scutellum and root part of the embryonic axis but with the missing or substantially reduced shoot part of the embryonic axis. The observed embryonic abnormalities correlated well with the shootless phenotype of the seedlings and suggested that the later-stage defect is predetermined already during the embryo development. In conclusion, our results indicate that barley MPK6 is essential for the embryologically predetermined shoot formation, but not for the most aspects of the embryo and early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Křenek
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Pavel Křenek
| | - Elizaveta Chubar
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Ohnoutková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Vlčko
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Cápal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Chen H, Miao Y, Wang K, Bayer M. Zygotic Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2288:73-88. [PMID: 34270005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1335-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of plant regeneration, in vitro systems to produce embryos are frequently used. In many of these protocols, nonzygotic embryos are initiated that will produce shoot-like structures but may lack a primary root. By increasing the auxin-to-cytokinin ratio in the growth medium, roots are then regenerated in a second step. Therefore, in vitro systems might not or only partially execute a similar developmental program as employed during zygotic embryogenesis. There are, however, in vitro systems that can remarkably mimic zygotic embryogenesis such as Brassica microspore-derived embryos. In this case, the patterning process of these haploid embryos closely follows zygotic embryogenesis and all fundamental tissue types are generated in a rather similar manner. In this review, we discuss the most fundamental molecular events during early zygotic embryogenesis and hope that this brief summary can serve as a reference for studying and developing in vitro embryogenesis systems in the context of doubled haploid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Lu X, Shi H, Ou Y, Cui Y, Chang J, Peng L, Gou X, He K, Li J. RGF1-RGI1, a Peptide-Receptor Complex, Regulates Arabidopsis Root Meristem Development via a MAPK Signaling Cascade. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1594-1607. [PMID: 32916335 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Root growth is maintained by the continuous division of cells in the apical meristem. ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 (RGF1) is a critical peptide hormone regulating root stem cell niche maintenance. Previous studies discovered that five closely related leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs), named RGF1 INSENSITIVES (RGIs) or RGF1 RECEPTORS (RGFRs), are able to perceive the RGF1 signal and redundantly control root stem cell niche maintenance. RGF1 regulates root meristem activity mainly via two downstream transcription factors, PLETHORA 1 (PLT1) and PLT2. Regulatory proteins connecting cell surface RGF1-RGI1 and nuclear PLTs, however, were not identified. Here, we report that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MAP kinase 3 (MPK3) were co-immunoprecipitated with RGI1-FLAG after Arabidopsis seedlings were treated with RGF1. Genetic and biochemical assays confirmed that MKK4 and MKK5, and their downstream targets MPK3 and MPK6, are essential RGI-dependent regulators of root meristem development. In addition, we found that the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module functions downstream of YDA, a MAPKKK. Our results demonstrate that RGF1-RGI1 regulate the expression of PLT1/PLT2 via a YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinke Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Shao Y, Yu X, Xu X, Li Y, Yuan W, Xu Y, Mao C, Zhang S, Xu J. The YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 Cascade Functions Downstream of the RGF1-RGI Ligand-Receptor Pair in Regulating Mitotic Activity in Root Apical Meristem. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1608-1623. [PMID: 32916336 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic activity of root apical meristem (RAM) is critical to primary root growth and development. Previous studies have identified the roles of ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1 (RGF1), a peptide ligand, and its receptors, RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs), a clade of five leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases, in promoting cell division in the RAM, which determines the primary root length. However, the downstream signaling components remain elusive. In this study, we identify a complete mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MPK) cascade, composed of YDA, MKK4/MKK5, and MPK3/MPK6, that functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI ligand-receptor pair. Similar to the rgi1/2/3/4/5 quintuple mutant, loss-of-function mutants of MPK3 and MPK6, MKK4 and MKK5, or YDA show a short-root phenotype, which is associated with reduced mitotic activity and lower expression of PLETHORA 1 (PLT1)/PLT2 in the RAM. Furthermore, MPK3/MPK6 activation in response to exogenous RGF1 treatment is impaired in the rgi1/2/3/4/5 quintuple, yda single, and mkk4 mkk5 double mutants. Epistatic analyses demonstrated that the expression of constitutively active MKK4, MKK5, or YDA driven by the RGI2 promoter can rescue the short-root phenotype of the rgi1/2/3/4/5 mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 cascade functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI ligand-receptor pair and upstream of PLT1/PLT2 to modulate the stem cell population and primary root growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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40
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Tian R, Paul P, Joshi S, Perry SE. Genetic activity during early plant embryogenesis. Biochem J 2020; 477:3743-3767. [PMID: 33045058 PMCID: PMC7557148 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for human civilization, so understanding the molecular events underpinning seed development and the zygotic embryo it contains is important. In addition, the approach of somatic embryogenesis is a critical propagation and regeneration strategy to increase desirable genotypes, to develop new genetically modified plants to meet agricultural challenges, and at a basic science level, to test gene function. We briefly review some of the transcription factors (TFs) involved in establishing primary and apical meristems during zygotic embryogenesis, as well as TFs necessary and/or sufficient to drive somatic embryo programs. We focus on the model plant Arabidopsis for which many tools are available, and review as well as speculate about comparisons and contrasts between zygotic and somatic embryo processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tian
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - Sanjay Joshi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - Sharyn E. Perry
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
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41
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Wang Z, Gou X. Receptor-Like Protein Kinases Function Upstream of MAPKs in Regulating Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207638. [PMID: 33076465 PMCID: PMC7590044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of protein kinase broadly involved in various signal pathways in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades regulate growth, development, stress responses and immunity by perceiving signals from the upstream regulators and transmitting the phosphorylation signals to the downstream signaling components. To reveal the interactions between MAPK cascades and their upstream regulators is important for understanding the functional mechanisms of MAPKs in the life span of higher plants. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are plasma membrane-located to perceive endogenous or exogenous signal molecules in regulating plant growth, development and immunity. MAPK cascades bridge the extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors in many RLK-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current findings that RLKs regulate plant development through MAPK cascades and discusses questions that are worth investigating in the near future.
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42
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Chen YH, Wang NN, Zhang JB, Zheng Y, Li XB. Genome-wide identification of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) reveals GhMPK6 involved in fiber elongation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:391-407. [PMID: 32193788 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important in regulating plant development as well as stress response. In this study, we genome-widely identified 56 MAPK genes in upland cotton. These MAPK genes unequally distribute on 22 chromosomes of cotton genome, but no MAPK gene is located on At_Chr6, Dt_Chr6, At_Chr13 and Dt_Chr13. The exons and introns in GhMAPK gene family vary widely at the position, number and length. Furthermore, GhMAPK family can be divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), and the TEY type of T-loop exists in three groups (A, B and C), but the TDY type of T-loop is only in group D. Further study revealed that some GhMAPK genes (including GhMPK6) are preferentially expressed in elongating fibers. GhMPK6 maintains a high phosphorylation level in elongating fibers, and its phosphorylation was enhanced in fibers by phytohormones brassinosteroid (BR), ethylene and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Additionally, GhMPK6 could interact with GhMKK2-2 and GhMKK4, suggesting that GhMKK2-2/4-GhMPK6 module may be involved in phosphorylation of its downstream proteins for regulating fiber elongation of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Ohnishi Y, Kawashima T. Plasmogamic Paternal Contributions to Early Zygotic Development in Flowering Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:871. [PMID: 32636867 PMCID: PMC7317025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plant zygotes possess complete developmental potency, and the mixture of male and female genetic and cytosolic materials in the zygote is a trigger to initiate embryo development. Plasmogamy, the fusion of the gamete cytoplasms, facilitates the cellular dynamics of the zygote. In the last decade, mutant analyses, live cell imaging-based observations, and direct observations of fertilized egg cells by in vitro fusion of isolated gametes have accelerated our understanding of the post-plasmogamic events in flowering plants including cell wall formation, gamete nuclear migration and fusion, and zygotic cell elongation and asymmetric division. Especially, it has become more evident that paternal parent-of-origin effects, via sperm cytoplasm contents, not only control canonical early zygotic development, but also activate a biparental signaling pathway critical for cell fate determination after the first cell division. Here, we summarize the plasmogamic paternal contributions via the entry of sperm contents during/after fertilization in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinosuke Ohnishi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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44
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Kimata Y, Ueda M. Intracellular dynamics and transcriptional regulations in plant zygotes: a case study of Arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2020; 33:89-96. [PMID: 32322957 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent understandings ofArabidopsiszygote. Body axis formation is essential for the proper development of multicellular organisms. The apical-basal axis in Arabidopsis thaliana is determined by the asymmetric division of the zygote, following its cellular polarization. However, the regulatory mechanism of zygote polarization is unclear due to technical issues. The zygote is located deep in the seed (ovule) in flowers, which prevents the living dynamics of zygotes from being observed. In addition, elucidation of molecular pathways by conventional forward genetic screens was not enough because of high gene redundancy in early development. Here, we present a review introducing two new methods, which have been developed to overcome these problems. Method 1: the two-photon live-cell imaging method provides a new system to visualize the dynamics of intracellular structures in Arabidopsis zygotes, such as cytoskeletons and vacuoles. Microtubules form transverse rings and control zygote elongation, while vacuoles dynamically change their shapes along longitudinal actin filaments and support polar nuclear migration. Method 2: the transcriptome method uses isolated Arabidopsis zygotes and egg cells to reveal the gene expression profiles before and after fertilization. This approach revealed that de novo transcription occurs extensively and immediately after fertilization. Moreover, inhibition of the de novo transcription was shown to sufficiently block the zygotic division, thus indicating a strong possibility that yet unidentified zygote regulators can be found using this transcriptome approach. These new strategies in Arabidopsis will help to further our understanding of the fundamental principles regarding the proper formation of plant bodies from unicellular zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
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45
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Jacob D, Brian J. The short and intricate life of the suspensor. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:110-121. [PMID: 31808953 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The suspensor is a short-lived tissue critical for proper embryonic development in many higher plants. While the tissue was initially thought to simply suspend the embryo in the endosperm, it has been found through decades of research that it serves multiple important purposes. The suspensor has been found to be vital for proper embryo patterning and numerous studies have been undertaken into the complex transcriptional cross-talk between the suspensor and the embryo proper. Indeed, many suspensor mutants also display abnormalities in the embryo. The suspensor's role as a nutrient conduit has been shown using ultrastructural and histochemical techniques. Biochemical approaches have found that the suspensor is a centre of early embryonic hormone production in several species. The suspensor has also been frequently used as a model for programmed cell death as it shows signs of termination almost immediately upon developing. This review covers the essential functions of the suspensor throughout its short existence from multiple disciplines including structural, genetic and biochemical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Downs Jacob
- Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jones Brian
- Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Wang K, Chen H, Miao Y, Bayer M. Square one: zygote polarity and early embryogenesis in flowering plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 53:128-133. [PMID: 31727540 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, work on auxin signaling has helped to understand many aspects of the fundamental process underlying the specification of tissue types in the plant embryo. However, the immediate steps after fertilization including the polarization of the zygote and the initial body axis formation remained poorly understood. Valuable insight into these enigmatic processes has been gained by studying fertilization in grasses. Recent technical advances in transcriptomics of developing embryos with high spatial and temporal resolution give an emerging picture of the rapid changes of the zygotic developmental program. Together with the use of live imaging of novel fluorescent marker lines, these data are now the basis of unraveling the very first steps of the embryonic patterning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Houming Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The plant haploid generation is specified late in higher plant development, and post-meiotic haploid plant cells divide mitotically to produce a haploid gametophyte, in which a subset of cells differentiates into the gametes. The immediate mother of the angiosperm seed is the female gametophyte, also called the embryo sac. In most flowering plants the embryo sac is comprised of two kinds of gametes (egg and central cell) and two kinds of subsidiary cells (antipodals and synergids) all of which descend from a single haploid spore produced by meiosis. The embryo sac develops within a specialized organ of the flower called the ovule, which supports and controls many steps in the development of both the embryo sac and the seed. Double fertilization of the central cell and egg cell by the two sperm cells of a pollen grain produce the endosperm and embryo of the seed, respectively. The endosperm and embryo develop under the influence of their precursor gametes and the surrounding tissues of the ovule and the gametophyte. The final size and pattern of the angiosperm seed then is the result of complex interactions across multiple tissues of three different generations (maternal sporophyte, maternal gametophyte, and the fertilization products) and three different ploidies (haploid gametophyte, diploid parental sporophyte and embryo, and triploid endosperm).
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48
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Li H, Cai Z, Wang X, Li M, Cui Y, Cui N, Yang F, Zhu M, Zhao J, Du W, He K, Yi J, Tax FE, Hou S, Li J, Gou X. SERK Receptor-like Kinases Control Division Patterns of Vascular Precursors and Ground Tissue Stem Cells during Embryo Development in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:984-1002. [PMID: 31059824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During embryo development, the vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells divide to renew themselves and produce the vascular tissue, endodermal cells, and cortical cells. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating division of these stem cells have remained largely elusive. In this study, we show that loss of function of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) genes results in aberrant embryo development. Fewer cortical, endodermal, and vascular cells are generated in the embryos of serk1 serk2 bak1 triple mutants. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) is ectopically expressed in vascular cells of serk1 serk2 bak1 embryos. The first transverse division of vascular precursors in mid-globular embryos and second asymmetric division of ground tissue stem cells in early-heart embryos are abnormally altered to a longitudinal division. The embryo defects can be partially rescued by constitutively activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase YODA (YDA) and MAPK kinase MKK5. Taken together, our results reveal that SERK-mediated signals regulate division patterns of vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells, likely via the YDA-MKK4/5 cascade, during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zeping Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenbin Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Frans E Tax
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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49
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Ishimoto K, Sohonahra S, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Itoh JI, Hibara KI, Sato Y, Watanabe T, Abe K, Miyao A, Nosaka-Takahashi M, Suzuki T, Ta NK, Shimizu-Sato S, Suzuki T, Toyoda A, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Nagato Y, Hirochika H, Sato Y. Specification of basal region identity after asymmetric zygotic division requires mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 in rice. Development 2019; 146:dev.176305. [PMID: 31118231 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is a key step in cellular differentiation in multicellular organisms. In plants, asymmetric zygotic division produces the apical and basal cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascade in Arabidopsis acts in asymmetric divisions such as zygotic division and stomatal development, but whether the effect on cellular differentiation of this cascade is direct or indirect following asymmetric division is not clear. Here, we report the analysis of a rice mutant, globular embryo 4 (gle4). In two- and four-cell-stage embryos, asymmetric zygotic division and subsequent cell division patterns were indistinguishable between the wild type and gle4 mutants. However, marker gene expression and transcriptome analyses showed that specification of the basal region was compromised in gle4 We found that GLE4 encodes MPK6 and that GLE4/MPK6 is essential in cellular differentiation rather than in asymmetric zygotic division. Our findings provide a new insight into the role of MPK in plant development. We propose that the regulation of asymmetric zygotic division is separate from the regulation of cellular differentiation that leads to apical-basal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoe Ishimoto
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shino Sohonahra
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Genome Resource Unit, Agrogenomics Resource Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Watanabe
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Abe
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Suzuki
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Nhung Kim Ta
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Sae Shimizu-Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagato
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirochika
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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50
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Han X, Li S, Zhang M, Yang L, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhang S. Regulation of GDSL Lipase Gene Expression by the MPK3/MPK6 Cascade and Its Downstream WRKY Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:673-684. [PMID: 30598046 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0171-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades serve as unified signaling modules in plant development and defense response. Previous reports demonstrated an essential role of Arabidopsis GLIP1, a member of the GDSL-like-motif lipase family, in both local and systemic resistance. GLIP1 expression is highly induced by pathogen attack. However, the one or more signaling pathways involved are unknown. Here, we report that two pathogen-responsive MAPKs, MPK3 and MPK6, are implicated in regulating gene expression of GLIP1 as well as GLIP3 and GLIP4. After gain-of-function activation, MPK3 and MPK6 can strongly induce the expression of GLIP1, GLIP3, and GLIP4. Both GLIP1 and GLIP3 contribute to the plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea. WRKY33, a MPK3/MPK6 substrate, is essential for the MPK3/MPK6-dependent GLIP1 induction. In addition, WRKY2 and WRKY34, two close homologs of WRKY33, have a minor effect in MPK3/MPK6-regulated GLIP1 expression in B. cinerea-infected plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the GLIP1 gene is a direct target of WRKY33. In addition, we demonstrated that MPK3/MPK6-induced GLIP1 expression is independent of ethylene and jasmonic acid, two important hormones in plant defense. Our results provide insights into the regulation of the GLIP family at the transcriptional level in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Han
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; and
| | - Sen Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; and
| | - Miao Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; and
| | - Liuyi Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; and
| | - Yidong Liu
- 2 Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Juan Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; and
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- 2 Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
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