1
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Luo Z, Zang H, Li Z, Li C, Zhao Y. Species-specific effect of particle viscosity and particle-phase reactions on the formation of secondary organic aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175207. [PMID: 39097012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of atmospheric fine particulate matter. Both particle viscosity and particle-phase chemistry play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of SOA; however, our understanding on how these two factors together with gas-phase chemistry collectively determine the formation of SOA is still limited. Here we developed a kinetic aerosol multilayer model coupled with gas-phase and particle-phase chemistry to simulate SOA formation. We take the atmospherically important α-pinene + OH oxidation system as an example application of the model. The simulations show that although the particle viscosity has negligible to small influences on the total SOA mass concentration, it strongly changes the concentration and distribution of individual compounds within the particle. This complicated effect of particle viscosity on SOA formation is a combined result of inhibited condensation or evaporation of specific organics due to slowed particle-phase diffusion. Furthermore, the particle-phase reactions alter the volatility and abundance of specific compounds and exacerbate their non-uniform distribution in highly viscous particles. Our results highlight an important species-specific effect of particle viscosity and particle-phase chemistry on SOA formation and demonstrate the capability of our model for quantifying such complicated effects on SOA formation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Zang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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2
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Garner NM, Top J, Mahrt F, El Haddad I, Ammann M, Bell DM. Iron-Containing Seed Particles Enhance α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol Mass Concentration and Dimer Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39255966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) comprises the majority of submicron particles and is important for air pollution, health, and climate. When SOA mixes with inorganic particles containing transition metals (e.g., Fe), chemical reactions altering physicochemical properties can occur. Here, we study Fe's impact on the formation and chemical composition of SOA formed via dark α-pinene ozonolysis on either (NH4)2SO4 or Fe-containing (NH4)2SO4 seed particles and aged at varying relative humidities (RHs). Aerosol composition was determined using online extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, providing high-resolution chemical and temporal identification of monomers and dimers in the SOA. At high RH, Fe's presence resulted in higher particulate SOA mass concentrations (117 ± 14 μg m-3) than those formed in its absence (70 ± 1 μg m-3). Enhanced mass is coupled with more dimers (C15-20's), attributed to Fenton-driven oligomerization reactions. Experiments with Fe3+-containing seeds showed similar chemical composition and enhanced SOA mass, suggesting a dark reduction pathway to form Fe2+ in the presence of SOA. Overall, Fe's presence at high RH lowers SOA volatility and enhances particulate organic mass and condensed phased reactions of higher volatility species that would normally not participate in SOA formation, which may be important when considering its formation in air quality and climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Garner
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jens Top
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Mahrt
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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3
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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhang H. Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques for atmospheric chemistry research on molecular-level. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1091-1134. [PMID: 37439762 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's atmosphere is composed of an enormous variety of chemical species associated with trace gases and aerosol particles whose composition and chemistry have critical impacts on the Earth's climate, air quality, and human health. Mass spectrometry analysis as a powerful and popular analytical technique has been widely developed and applied in atmospheric chemistry for decades. Mass spectrometry allows for effective detection, identification, and quantification of a broad range of organic and inorganic chemical species with high sensitivity and resolution. In this review, we summarize recently developed mass spectrometry techniques, methods, and applications in atmospheric chemistry research in the past several years on molecular-level. Specifically, new developments of ion-molecule reactors, various soft ionization methods, and unique coupling with separation techniques are highlighted. The new mass spectrometry applications in laboratory studies and field measurements focused on improving the detection limits for traditional and emerging volatile organic compounds, characterizing multiphase highly oxygenated molecules, and monitoring particle bulk and surface compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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4
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Resch J, Li K, Kalberer M. Prolonged Dark Chemical Processes in Secondary Organic Aerosols on Filters and in Aqueous Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14318-14328. [PMID: 39078875 PMCID: PMC11325657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) represents a large fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles that significantly affect both the Earth's climate and human health. Laboratory-generated SOA or ambient particles are routinely collected on filters for a detailed chemical analysis. Such filter sampling is prone to artifactual changes in composition during collection, storage, sample workup, and analysis. In this study, we investigate the chemical composition differences in SOA generated in the laboratory, kept at room temperature as aqueous extracts or on filters, and analyzed in detail after a storage time of a day and up to 4 weeks using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. We observe significantly different temporal concentration changes for monomers and oligomers in both extracts and on filters. In SOA aqueous extracts, many monomers increase in concentration over time, while many dimers decay at the same time. In contrast, on filters, we observe a strong and persistent concentration increase of many dimers and a decrease of many monomers. This study highlights artifacts arising from SOA chemistry occurring during storage, which should be considered when detailed organic aerosol compositions are studied. The particle-phase reactions on filters can also serve as a model system for atmospheric particle aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Resch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kangwei Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Brean J, Rowell A, Beddows DC, Weinhold K, Mettke P, Merkel M, Tuch T, Rissanen M, Maso MD, Kumar A, Barua S, Iyer S, Karppinen A, Wiedensohler A, Shi Z, Harrison RM. Road Traffic Emissions Lead to Much Enhanced New Particle Formation through Increased Growth Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10664-10674. [PMID: 38850427 PMCID: PMC11191591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) is a major source of atmospheric aerosol particles, including cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), by number globally. Previous research has highlighted that NPF is less frequent but more intense at roadsides compared to urban background. Here, we closely examine NPF at both background and roadside sites in urban Central Europe. We show that the concentration of oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) is greater at the roadside, and the condensation of OOMs along with sulfuric acid onto new particles is sufficient to explain the growth at both sites. We identify a hitherto unreported traffic-related OOM source contributing 29% and 16% to total OOMs at the roadside and background, respectively. Critically, this hitherto undiscovered OOM source is an essential component of urban NPF. Without their contribution to growth rates and the subsequent enhancements to particle survival, the number of >50 nm particles produced by NPF would be reduced by a factor of 21 at the roadside site. Reductions to hydrocarbon emissions from road traffic may thereby reduce particle numbers and CCN counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brean
- Division
of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography,
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Rowell
- Division
of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography,
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - David C.S. Beddows
- Division
of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography,
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Peter Mettke
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Tuch
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol
Physics laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Miikka Dal Maso
- Aerosol
Physics laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Aerosol
Physics laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Shawon Barua
- Aerosol
Physics laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol
Physics laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | | | | | - Zongbo Shi
- Division
of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography,
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- Division
of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography,
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and
Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Ning C, Gao Y, Sun S, Yang H, Tang W, Wang D. Size-Resolved Molecular Characterization of Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Atmospheric Particulate Matter from Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119436. [PMID: 38897433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) affects visibility, climate, biogeochemical cycles and human health. Water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) is an important component of PM. In this study, PM samples with size-resolved measurements at aerodynamic cut-point diameters (Dp) of 0.01-18μm were collected in the rural area of Baoding and the urban area of Dalian, Northern China. Non-targeted analysis was adopted for the characterization of the molecule constitutes of WSOM in different sized particles using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Regardless of the location, the composition of WSOM in Aitken mode particles (aerodynamic diameter < 0.05 μm) was similar. The WSOM in accumulation mode particles (0.05-2 μm) in Baoding was predominantly composed of CHO compounds (84.9%), which were mainly recognized as lignins and lipids species. However, S-containing compounds (64.2%), especially protein and carbohydrates species, accounted for most of the WSOM in the accumulation mode particles in Dalian. The CHO compounds (67.6%-79.7%) contributed the most to the WSOM in coarse mode particles (> 2 μm) from both sites. Potential sources analysis indicated the WSOM in Baoding were mainly derived from biomass burning and oxidation reactions, while the WSOM in Dalian arose from coal combustion, oxidation reactions, and regional transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Ning
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Shuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Haiming Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
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7
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Surdu M, Top J, Yang B, Zhang J, Slowik JG, Prévôt AS, Wang DS, el Haddad I, Bell DM. Real-Time Identification of Aerosol-Phase Carboxylic Acid Production Using Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8857-8866. [PMID: 38718183 PMCID: PMC11112753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive identification of aerosol sources and their constituent organic compounds requires aerosol-phase molecular-level characterization with a high time resolution. While real-time chemical characterization of aerosols is becoming increasingly common, information about functionalization and structure is typically obtained from offline methods. This study presents a method for determining the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups in real time using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry based on measurements of [M - H + 2Na]+ adducts. The method is validated and characterized using standard compounds. A proof-of-concept application to α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) shows the ability to identify carboxylic acids even in complex mixtures. The real-time capability of the method allows for the observation of the production of carboxylic acids, likely formed in the particle phase on short time scales (<120 min). Our research explains previous findings of carboxylic acids being a significant component of SOA and a quick decrease in peroxide functionalization following SOA formation. We show that the formation of these acids is commensurate with the increase of dimers in the particle phase. Our results imply that SOA is in constant evolution through condensed-phase processes, which lower the volatility of the aerosol components and increase the available condensed mass for SOA growth and, therefore, aerosol mass loading in the atmosphere. Further work could aim to quantify the effect of particle-phase acid formation on the aerosol volatility distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jens Top
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Boxing Yang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - André S.
H. Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dongyu S. Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad el Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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8
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Zhang W, Issa K, Tang T, Zhang H. Role of Hydroperoxyl Radicals in Heterogeneous Oxidation of Oxygenated Organic Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4727-4736. [PMID: 38411392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous oxidative aging of organic aerosols (OA) occurs ubiquitously in the atmosphere, initiated by oxidants, such as the hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2•) are also an important oxidant in the troposphere, and its gas-phase chemistry has been well studied. However, the role of HO2• in heterogeneous OA oxidation remains elusive. Here, we carry out •OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of several OA model systems under different HO2• conditions in a flow tube reactor and characterize the molecular oxidation products using a suite of mass spectrometry instrumentation. By using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) with thermal desorption iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry, we provide direct observation of organic hydroperoxide (ROOH) formation from heterogeneous HO2• and peroxy radicals (RO2•) reactions for the first time. The ROOH may contribute substantially to the oxidation products, varied with the parent OA chemical structure. Furthermore, by regulating RO2• reaction pathways, HO2• also greatly influence the overall composition of the oxidized OA. Last, we suggest that the RO2• + HO2• reactions readily occur at the OA particle interface rather than in the particle bulk. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the heterogeneous OA oxidation chemistry and help fill the critical knowledge gap in understanding atmospheric OA oxidative aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Kassem Issa
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Tiffany Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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9
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Czech H, Popovicheva O, Chernov DG, Kozlov A, Schneider E, Shmargunov VP, Sueur M, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Uzhegov V, Kozlov VS, Panchenko MV, Zimmermann R. Wildfire plume ageing in the Photochemical Large Aerosol Chamber (PHOTO-LAC). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:35-55. [PMID: 37873726 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Plumes from wildfires are transported over large distances from remote to populated areas and threaten sensitive ecosystems. Dense wildfire plumes are processed by atmospheric oxidants and complex multiphase chemistry, differing from processes at typical ambient concentrations. For studying dense biomass burning plume chemistry in the laboratory, we establish a Photochemical Large Aerosol Chamber (PHOTO-LAC) being the world's largest aerosol chamber with a volume of 1800 m3 and provide its figures of merit. While the photolysis rate of NO2 (jNO2) is comparable to that of other chambers, the PHOTO-LAC and its associated low surface-to-volume ratio lead to exceptionally low losses of particles to the walls. Photochemical ageing of toluene under high-NOx conditions induces substantial formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and brown carbon (BrC). Several individual nitrophenolic compounds could be detected by high resolution mass spectrometry, demonstrating similar photochemistry to other environmental chambers. Biomass burning aerosols are generated from pine wood and debris under flaming and smouldering combustion conditions and subsequently aged under photochemical and dark ageing conditions, thus resembling day- and night-time atmospheric chemistry. In the unprecedented long ageing with alternating photochemical and dark ageing conditions, the temporal evolution of particulate matter and its chemical composition is shown by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Due to the spacious cavity, the PHOTO-LAC may be used for applications requiring large amounts of particulate matter, such as comprehensive chemical aerosol characterisation or cell exposures under submersed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendryk Czech
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Olga Popovicheva
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy G Chernov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Kozlov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eric Schneider
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladimir P Shmargunov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxime Sueur
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, 76700, Harfleur, France
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, 76700, Harfleur, France
| | - Viktor Uzhegov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valerii S Kozlov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Panchenko
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Kalinitchenko VP, Swidsinski AV, Glinushkin AP, Meshalkin VP, Gudkov SV, Minkina TM, Chernenko VV, Rajput VD, Mandzhieva SS, Sushkova SN, Okolelova AA, Shestakova AA. New approach to soil management focusing on soil health and air quality: one earth one life (critical review). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8967-8987. [PMID: 37138143 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil plays a key role in ecosphere and air quality regulation. Obsolete environmental technologies lead to soil quality loss, air, water, and land systems pollution. Pedosphere and plants are intertwined with the air quality. Ionized O2 is capable to intensify atmosphere turbulence, providing particulate matter (PM2.5) coalescence and dry deposition. Addressing environmental quality, a Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) heuristic transcendental (nonstandard and not direct imitation of nature) methodology has been developed. A BGT* main focus is an enrichment of Earth's biogeochemical cycles through land use and air cleaning. An intra-soil processing, which provides the soil multilevel architecture, is one of the BGT* ingredients. A next BGT* implementation is intra-soil pulse continuously discrete watering for optimal soil water regime and freshwater saving up to 10-20 times. The BGT* comprises intra-soil dispersed environmentally safe recycling of the PM sediments, heavy metals (HMs) and other pollutants, controlling biofilm-mediated microbial community interactions in the soil. This provides abundant biogeochemical cycle formation and better functioning of the humic substances, biological preparation, and microbial biofilms as a soil-biological starter, ensuring priority plants and trees nutrition, growth and resistance to phytopathogens. A higher underground and aboveground soil biological product increases a reversible C biological sequestration from the atmosphere. An additional light O2 ions photosynthetic production ensures a PM2.5 and PM0.1 coalescence and strengthens an intra-soil transformation of PM sediments into nutrients and improves atmosphere quality. The BGT* provides PM and HMs intra-soil passivation, increases soil biological productivity, stabilizes a climate system of the earth and promotes a green circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery P Kalinitchenko
- Institute of Fertility of Soils of South Russia, Persianovka, Russia, 346493.
- Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Phytopathology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 143050, Big Vyazemy, Russia.
| | | | - Alexey P Glinushkin
- Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Phytopathology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 143050, Big Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Valery P Meshalkin
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125047
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alla A Okolelova
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400005
| | - Anna A Shestakova
- Russian State Agrarian University Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya St., 49, Moscow, Russia, 127422
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11
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Bell DM, Zhang J, Top J, Bogler S, Surdu M, Slowik JG, Prevot ASH, El Haddad I. Sensitivity Constraints of Extractive Electrospray for a Model System and Secondary Organic Aerosol. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13788-13795. [PMID: 37656668 PMCID: PMC10515109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of an aerosol chemical composition is complicated by the uncertainty in the sensitivity of each species detected. Soft-ionization response factors can vary widely from molecule to molecule. Here, we have employed a method to separate molecules by their volatility through systematic evaporation with a thermal denuder (TD). The fraction remaining after evaporation is compared between an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), which provides a comparison between a quantified mass loss by the SMPS and the signal loss in the EESI-TOF. The sensitivity of the EESI-TOF is determined for both a simplified complex mixture (PEG-300) and also for a complex mixture of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA). For PEG-300, separation is possible on a molecule-by-molecule level with the TD and provides insights into the molecule-dependent sensitivity of the EESI-TOF, showing a higher sensitivity toward the most volatile molecule. For α-pinene SOA, sensitivity determination for specific classes is possible because of the number of molecular formula observed by the EESI-TOF. These classes are separated by their volatility and are broken down into monomers (O3-5,6-7,8+), dimers (O4-7,8+), and higher order oligomers (e.g., trimers and tetramers). Here, we show that the EESI-TOF initially measures 60.1% monomers, 32.7% dimers, and 7.2% trimers and tetramers in α-pinene SOA, but after sensitivity correction, the distribution of SOA is 37.4% monomers, 56.1% dimers, and 6.4% trimers and tetramers. These results provide a path forward for the quantification of aerosol components with the EESI-TOF in other applications and potentially for atmospheric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jens Top
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Bogler
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andre S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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12
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Kumar V, Slowik JG, Baltensperger U, Prevot ASH, Bell DM. Time-Resolved Molecular Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed from OH and NO 3 Radical Initiated Oxidation of a Mixture of Aromatic Precursors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11572-11582. [PMID: 37496264 PMCID: PMC10413940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHCs) and oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHC-OHs) are emitted from a variety of anthropogenic activities and are important precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. Here, we analyzed and compared the composition of SOA formed from the oxidation of a mixture of aromatic VOCs by OH and NO3 radicals. The VOC mixture was composed of toluene (C7H8), p-xylene + ethylbenzene (C8H10), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (C9H12), phenol (C6H6O), cresol (C7H8O), 2,6-dimethylphenol (C8H10O), and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (C9H12O) in a proportion where the aromatic VOCs were chosen to approximate day-time traffic-related emissions in Delhi, and the aromatic alcohols make up 20% of the mixture. These VOCs are prominent in other cities as well, including those influenced by biomass combustion. In the NO3 experiments, large contributions from CxHyOzN dimers (C15-C18) were observed, corresponding to fast SOA formation within 15-20 min after the start of chemistry. Additionally, the dimers were a mixture of different combinations of the initial VOCs, highlighting the importance of exploring SOAs from mixed VOC systems. In contrast, the experiments with OH radicals yielded gradual SOA mass formation, with CxHyOz monomers (C6-C9) being the dominant constituents. The evolution of SOA composition with time was tracked and a fast degradation of dimers was observed in the NO3 experiments, with concurrent formation of monomer species. The rates of dimer decomposition in NO3 SOA were ∼2-3 times higher compared to those previously determined for α-pinene + O3 SOA, highlighting the dependence of particle-phase reactions on VOC precursors and oxidants. In contrast, the SOA produced in the OH experiments did not dramatically change over the same time frame. No measurable effects of humidity were observed on the composition and evolution of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andre S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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13
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Zhang W, Zhao Z, Shen C, Zhang H. Unexpectedly Efficient Aging of Organic Aerosols Mediated by Autoxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6965-6974. [PMID: 37083304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase oxidative aging is a ubiquitous process for atmospheric organic aerosols (OA). But its kinetics was often found to be slow in previous laboratory studies where high hydroxyl radical concentrations ([•OH]) were used. In this study, we performed heterogeneous oxidation experiments of several model OA systems under varied aging timescales and gas-phase [•OH]. Our results suggest that OA heterogeneous oxidation may be 2-3 orders of magnitude faster when [•OH] is decreased from typical laboratory flow tube conditions to atmospheric levels. Direct laboratory mass spectrometry measurements coupled with kinetic simulations suggest that an intermolecular autoxidation mechanism mediated by particle-phase peroxy radicals greatly accelerates OA oxidation, with enhanced formation of organic hydroperoxides, alcohols, and fragmentation products. With autoxidation, we estimate that the OA oxidation timescale in the atmosphere may be from less than a day to several days. Thus, OA oxidative aging can have greater atmospheric impacts than previously expected. Furthermore, our findings reveal the nature of heterogeneous aerosol oxidation chemistry in the atmosphere and help improve the understanding and prediction of atmospheric OA aging and composition evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Zixu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Chuanyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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14
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West CP, Mesa Sanchez D, Morales AC, Hsu YJ, Ryan J, Darmody A, Slipchenko LV, Laskin J, Laskin A. Molecular and Structural Characterization of Isomeric Compounds in Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1656-1674. [PMID: 36763810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed through multiphase atmospheric chemistry makes up a large fraction of airborne particles. The chemical composition and molecular structures of SOA constituents vary between different emission sources and aging processes in the atmosphere, which complicates their identification. In this work, we employ drift tube ion mobility spectrometry with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-MS) detection for rapid gas-phase separation and multidimensional characterization of isomers in two biogenic SOAs produced from ozonolysis of isomeric monoterpenes, d-limonene (LSOA) and α-pinene (PSOA). SOA samples were ionized using electrospray ionization (ESI) and characterized using IM-MS in both positive and negative ionization modes. The IM-derived collision cross sections in nitrogen gas (DTCCSN2 ) for individual SOA components were obtained using multifield and single-field measurements. A novel application of IM multiplexing/high-resolution demultiplexing methodology was employed to increase sensitivity, improve peak shapes, and augment mobility baseline resolution, which revealed several isomeric structures for the measured ions. For LSOA and PSOA samples, we report significant structural differences of the isomer structures. Molecular structural calculations using density functional theory combined with the theoretical modeling of CCS values provide insights into the structural differences between LSOA and PSOA constituents. The average DTCCSN2 values for monomeric SOA components observed as [M + Na]+ ions are 3-6% higher than those of their [M - H]- counterparts. Meanwhile, dimeric and trimeric isomer components in both samples showed an inverse trend with the relevant values of [M - H]- ions being 3-7% higher than their [M + Na]+ counterparts, respectively. The results indicate that the structures of Na+-coordinated oligomeric ions are more compact than those of the corresponding deprotonated species. The coordination with Na+ occurs on the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups leading to a compact configuration. Meanwhile, deprotonated molecules have higher DTCCSN2 values due to their elongated structures in the gas phase. Therefore, DTCCSN2 values of isomers in SOA mixtures depend strongly on the mode of ionization in ESI. Additionally, PSOA monomers and dimers exhibit larger DTCCSN2 values (1-4%) than their LSOA counterparts owing to more rigid structures. A cyclobutane ring is present with functional groups pointing in opposite directions in PSOA compounds, as compared to noncyclic flexible LSOA structures, forming more compact ions in the gas phase. Lastly, we investigated the effects of direct photolysis on the chemical transformations of selected individual PSOA components. We use IM-MS to reveal structural changes associated with aerosol aging by photolysis. This study illustrates the detailed molecular and structural descriptors for the detection and annotation of structural isomers in complex SOA mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P West
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniela Mesa Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yun-Jung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jackson Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew Darmody
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lyudmila V Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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15
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Surdu M, Lamkaddam H, Wang DS, Bell DM, Xiao M, Lee CP, Li D, Caudillo L, Marie G, Scholz W, Wang M, Lopez B, Piedehierro AA, Ataei F, Baalbaki R, Bertozzi B, Bogert P, Brasseur Z, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, He XC, Höhler K, Korhonen K, Krechmer JE, Lehtipalo K, Mahfouz NGA, Manninen HE, Marten R, Massabò D, Mauldin R, Petäjä T, Pfeifer J, Philippov M, Rörup B, Simon M, Shen J, Umo NS, Vogel F, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Volkamer R, Saathoff H, Möhler O, Kirkby J, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M, Stratmann F, Hansel A, Curtius J, Welti A, Riva M, Donahue NM, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Molecular Understanding of the Enhancement in Organic Aerosol Mass at High Relative Humidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2297-2309. [PMID: 36716278 PMCID: PMC9933880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic pathway by which high relative humidity (RH) affects gas-particle partitioning remains poorly understood, although many studies report increased secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields at high RH. Here, we use real-time, molecular measurements of both the gas and particle phase to provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of RH on the partitioning of biogenic oxidized organic molecules (from α-pinene and isoprene) at low temperatures (243 and 263 K) at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We observe increases in SOA mass of 45 and 85% with increasing RH from 10-20 to 60-80% at 243 and 263 K, respectively, and attribute it to the increased partitioning of semi-volatile compounds. At 263 K, we measure an increase of a factor 2-4 in the concentration of C10H16O2-3, while the particle-phase concentrations of low-volatility species, such as C10H16O6-8, remain almost constant. This results in a substantial shift in the chemical composition and volatility distribution toward less oxygenated and more volatile species at higher RH (e.g., at 263 K, O/C ratio = 0.55 and 0.40, at RH = 10 and 80%, respectively). By modeling particle growth using an aerosol growth model, which accounts for kinetic limitations, we can explain the enhancement in the semi-volatile fraction through the complementary effect of decreased compound activity and increased bulk-phase diffusivity. Our results highlight the importance of particle water content as a diluting agent and a plasticizer for organic aerosol growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dongyu S. Wang
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M. Bell
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dandan Li
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute
for Ion and Applied Physics, University
of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California, United States
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brandon Lopez
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Farnoush Ataei
- Department
of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pia Bogert
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zoé Brasseur
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University
of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department
of Chemistry & CIRES, University
of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, 80309-0215 Colorado, United States
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristina Höhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimmo Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naser G. A. Mahfouz
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton
University, Princeton, 08540 New Jersey, United States
| | - Hanna E. Manninen
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Massabò
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa
& INFN, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roy Mauldin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon
University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, UCB 311, Boulder, 80309 Colorado, United
States
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nsikanabasi Silas Umo
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Vogel
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Weber
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department
of Chemistry & CIRES, University
of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, 80309-0215 Colorado, United States
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, 01821 Massachusetts, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Department
of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute
for Ion and Applied Physics, University
of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - André Welti
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Tofwerk AG, CH-3600 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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16
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Wohl C, Li Q, Cuevas CA, Fernandez RP, Yang M, Saiz-Lopez A, Simó R. Marine biogenic emissions of benzene and toluene and their contribution to secondary organic aerosols over the polar oceans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9031. [PMID: 36706174 PMCID: PMC9882975 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive trace gas emissions from the polar oceans are poorly characterized, even though their effects on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are crucial for assessing current and preindustrial aerosol forcing on climate. Here, we present seawater and atmospheric measurements of benzene and toluene, two gases typically associated with pollution, in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone. Their distribution suggests a marine biogenic source. Calculated emission fluxes were 0.023 ± 0.030 (benzene) and 0.039 ± 0.036 (toluene) and 0.023 ± 0.028 (benzene) and 0.034 ± 0.041 (toluene) μmol m-2 day-1 for the Southern Ocean and the Arctic, respectively. Including these average emissions in a chemistry-climate model increased secondary organic aerosol mass concentrations only by 0.1% over the Arctic but by 7.7% over the Southern Ocean, with transient episodes of up to 77.3%. Climate models should consider the hitherto overlooked emissions of benzene and toluene from the polar oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charel Wohl
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Rafael P. Fernandez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB), National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Rafel Simó
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Bell DM, Pospisilova V, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Bertrand A, Xiao M, Zhou X, Huang W, Wang DS, Lee CP, Dommen J, Baltensperger U, Prevot ASH, El Haddad I, Slowik JG. Effect of OH scavengers on the chemical composition of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2023; 3:115-123. [PMID: 36743126 PMCID: PMC9850668 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00105e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OH scavengers are extensively used in studies of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) because they create an idealized environment where only a single oxidation pathway is occurring. Here, we present a detailed molecular characterization of SOA produced from α-pinene + O3 with a variety of OH scavengers using the extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer in our atmospheric simulation chamber, which is complemented by characterizing the gas phase composition in flow reactor experiments. Under our experimental conditions, radical chemistry largely controls the composition of SOA. Besides playing their desired role in suppressing the reaction of α-pinene with OH, OH scavengers alter the reaction pathways of radicals produced from α-pinene + O3. This involves changing the HO2 : RO2 ratio, the identity of the RO2 radicals present, and the RO2 major sinks. As a result, the use of the OH scavengers has significant effects on the composition of SOA, including inclusions of scavenger molecules in SOA, the promotion of fragmentation reactions, and depletion of dimers formed via α-pinene RO2-RO2 reactions. To date fragmentation reactions and inclusion of OH scavenger products into secondary organic aerosol have not been reported in atmospheric simulation chamber studies. Therefore, care should be considered if and when to use an OH scavenger during experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland,Tofwerk3600 ThunSwitzerland
| | - Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland,Tofwerk3600 ThunSwitzerland
| | - Amelie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Dongyu S. Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Andre S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
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18
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Chan AWH, Yao M, Chen Z, Abbatt JPD. Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1635-1679. [PMID: 36630720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (-O-O-) functional groups. POs are commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve as temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HOx and ROx) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gas-particle partitioning behavior, and reactivity, POs are key reactive intermediates in atmospheric multiphase processes determining the life cycle (formation, growth, and aging), climate, and health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps in the origin, molecular diversity, and fate of POs due to their complex nature and dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize the current understanding on atmospheric POs, with a focus on their identification and quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, multiphase chemical transformation pathways, as well as environmental and health impacts. We find that interactions with SO2 and transition metal ions are generally the fast PO transformation pathways in atmospheric liquid water, with lifetimes estimated to be minutes to hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important for α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis and thermolysis are likely minor sinks for POs. These multiphase PO transformation pathways are distinctly different from their gas-phase fates, such as photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, which highlights the need to understand the multiphase partitioning of POs. By summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of POs, we propose future research priorities regarding their origin, fate, and impacts in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
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19
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Zhao Y, Yao M, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang S, Li C, Xiao H. Acylperoxy Radicals as Key Intermediates in the Formation of Dimeric Compounds in α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14249-14261. [PMID: 36178682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight dimeric compounds constitute a significant fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and have profound impacts on the properties and lifecycle of particles in the atmosphere. Although different formation mechanisms involving reactive intermediates and/or closed-shell monomeric species have been proposed for the particle-phase dimers, their relative importance remains in debate. Here, we report unambiguous experimental evidence of the important role of acyl organic peroxy radicals (RO2) and a small but non-negligible contribution from stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs) in the formation of particle-phase dimers during ozonolysis of α-pinene, one of the most important precursors for biogenic SOA. Specifically, we find that acyl RO2-involved reactions explain 50-80% of total oxygenated dimer signals (C15-C20, O/C ≥ 0.4) and 20-30% of the total less oxygenated (O/C < 0.4) dimer signals. In particular, they contribute to 70% of C15-C19 dimer ester formation, likely mainly via the decarboxylation of diacyl peroxides arising from acyl RO2 cross-reactions. In comparison, SCIs play a minor role in the formation of C15-C19 dimer esters but react noticeably with the most abundant C9 and C10 carboxylic acids and/or carbonyl products to form C19 and C20 dimeric peroxides, which are prone to particle-phase transformation to form more stable dimers without the peroxide functionality. This work provides a clearer view of the formation pathways of particle-phase dimers from α-pinene oxidation and would help reduce the uncertainties in future atmospheric modeling of the budget, properties, and health and climate impacts of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Li W, Cao M, Ge P, Fu X, Tang J, Chen M. Identification and semi-quantification of nitrooxy organosulfates in aerosol particles by HPLC-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2531-2540. [PMID: 35708066 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs) derived from the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the presence of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols are the important tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In order to better understand the concentration of pinene-nitrooxy organosulfates (pNOSs) in Nanjing, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization spectrum/mass spectrum (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to determine pNOSs in PM2.5 has been developed and validated in this study. Firstly, Hypersil Gold C18 (Thermo Scientific, San Jose, USA) was selected to separate pinene-derived nitrooxy organosulfates (pNOSs) based on their polarity. Three kinds of pNOSs were detected in the full scan mode (MS) with an ESI source under the negative mode. Secondly, three isomers of pNOSs with fragment ions m/z 220, 151, and 142 were identified based on the MS/MS maps. At least two pairs of transfer ions should be selected as identification and quantification ions according to the optimization results of target compounds. For example, to determine pNOSs, these transfer ions of m/z 294 → 247, m/z 294 → 231, m/z 294 → 220, m/z 294 → 142, m/z 294 → 151, m/z 294 → 96, m/z 294 → 80 were selected as quantification and identification ions. Finally, the influence of scan mode on pNOS detection was evaluated, and the results showed that pNOSs were most sensitive in the SRM (selected reaction monitor) scan mode. Therefore, the SRM scan mode was chosen to detect pNOSs. We applied this method to analyze year-round PM2.5 (PM2.5 is fine particulate matter, which refers to particulate matter in ambient air with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 microns) samples in Nanjing. The average concentration of all the three kinds of pNOSs was 69.95 ng m-3. The results showed that the average concentration of pNOSs was high in spring (92.94 ng m-3) and summer (90.57 ng m-3), and lowest in winter (30.03 ng m-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Institute of Meteorological Development and Planning, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Maoyu Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Archives Center, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiajie Tang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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21
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Wang K, Wang W, Fan C, Li J, Lei T, Zhang W, Shi B, Chen Y, Liu M, Lian C, Wang Z, Ge M. Reactions of C 12-C 14 n-Alkylcyclohexanes with Cl Atoms: Kinetics and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4859-4870. [PMID: 35319183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain alkanes are a type of intermediate volatility organic compound (IVOC) in the atmosphere and a potential source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). C12-C14 n-alkylcyclohexanes are important compositions of IVOCs, with considerable concentrations and emission rates. The reaction rate constants and SOA formation of the reactions of C12-C14 n-alkylcyclohexanes with Cl atoms were investigated in the present study. The reaction rate constants of the long-chain alkanes obtained via the relative-rate method at 298 ± 0.2 K (in units of ×10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were as follows: khexylcyclohexane = 5.11 ± 0.28, kheptylcyclohexane = 5.56 ± 0.30, and koctylcyclohexane = 5.74 ± 0.31. The gas-phase products of the reactions were identified as mainly small molecules of aldehydes, ketones, and acids. The particle-phase products were mostly monomers and oligomers, but there were still trimers even under high-NOx conditions. Moreover, under high-NOx conditions (urban atmosphere), the SOA yields of hexylcyclohexane are higher than that under low-NOx conditions (remote atmosphere), indicating that more attention should be given to the SOA formation of Cl-initiated n-alkylcyclohexane oxidations in polluted regions. This research can further clarify the oxidation processes and SOA formation of n-alkylcyclohexanes in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cici Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Shi
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050010, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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22
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Yao M, Li Z, Li C, Xiao H, Wang S, Chan AWH, Zhao Y. Isomer-Resolved Reactivity of Organic Peroxides in Monoterpene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4882-4893. [PMID: 35357822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides play a vital role in the formation, evolution, and health impacts of atmospheric aerosols, yet their molecular composition and fate in the particle phase remain poorly understood. Here, we identified, using iodometry-assisted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, a large suite of isomer-resolved peroxide monomers (C8-10H12-18O5-8) and dimers (C15-20H22-34O5-14) in secondary organic aerosol formed from ozonolysis of the most abundant monoterpene (α-pinene). Combining aerosol isothermal evaporation experiments and multilayer kinetic modeling, bulk peroxides were found to undergo rapid particle-phase chemical transformation with an average lifetime of several hours under humid conditions, while the individual peroxides decompose on timescales of half an hour to a few days. Meanwhile, the majority of isomeric peroxides exhibit distinct particle-phase behaviors, highlighting the importance of the characterization of isomer-resolved peroxide reactivity. Furthermore, the reactivity of most peroxides increases with aerosol water content faster in a low relative humidity (RH) range than in a high RH range. Such non-uniform water effects imply a more important role of water as a plasticizer than as a reactant in influencing the peroxide reactivity. The high particle-phase reactivity of organic peroxides and its striking dependence on RH should be considered in atmospheric modeling of their fate and impacts on aerosol chemistry and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Hu M, Chen K, Qiu J, Lin YH, Tonokura K, Enami S. Decomposition mechanism of α-alkoxyalkyl-hydroperoxides in the liquid phase: temperature dependent kinetics and theoretical calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:241-251. [PMID: 35419522 PMCID: PMC8929293 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) play key roles in the atmosphere as a reactive intermediate species. Due to the low volatility and high hydrophilicity, ROOHs are expected to reside in atmospheric condensed phases such as aerosols, fogs, and cloud droplets. The decomposition mechanisms of ROOHs in the liquid phase are, however, still poorly understood. Here we report a temperature-dependent kinetics and theoretical calculation study of the aqueous-phase decompositions of C12 or C13 α-alkoxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-AHs) derived from ozonolysis of α-terpineol in the presence of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and ethanol. We found that the temporal profiles of α-AH signals, detected as chloride-adducts by negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry, showed single-exponential decay, and the derived first-order rate coefficient k for α-AH decomposition increased as temperature increased, e.g., k(288 K) = (5.3 ± 0.2) × 10-4 s-1, k(298 K) = (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10-3 s-1, k(308 K) = (2.1 ± 1.4) × 10-3 s-1 for C13 α-AHs derived from the reaction of α-terpineol Criegee intermediates with 1-propanol in the solution at pH 4.5. Arrhenius plot analysis yielded an activation energy (E a) of 12.3 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1. E a of 18.7 ± 0.3 and 13.8 ± 0.9 kcal mol-1 were also obtained for the decomposition of α-AHs (at pH 4.5) derived from the reaction of α-terpineol Criegee intermediates with 2-propanol and with ethanol, respectively. Based on the theoretical kinetic and thermodynamic calculations, we propose that a proton-catalyzed mechanism plays a central role in the decomposition of these α-AHs in acidic aqueous organic media, while water molecules may also participate in the decomposition pathways and affect the kinetics. The decomposition of α-AHs could act as a source of H2O2 and multifunctionalized species in atmospheric condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Hu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa 277-8563 Japan
| | - Kunpeng Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa 277-8563 Japan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa 277-8563 Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba 305-8506 Japan +81-29-850-2770
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24
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Surdu M, Pospisilova V, Xiao M, Wang M, Mentler B, Simon M, Stolzenburg D, Hoyle CR, Bell DM, Lee CP, Lamkaddam H, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Ahonen LR, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Chen D, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, He XC, Hofbauer V, Kim C, Kürten A, Kvashnin A, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Molteni U, Nie W, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Tauber C, Tomé A, Wagner R, Yan C, Prevot ASH, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Hansel A, Curtius J, Winkler PM, Kulmala M, Volkamer R, Flagan RC, Kirkby J, Worsnop DR, Slowik JG, Wang DS, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Molecular characterization of ultrafine particles using extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:434-448. [PMID: 34604755 PMCID: PMC8459645 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol particles negatively affect human health while also having climatic relevance due to, for example, their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Ultrafine particles (diameter Dp < 100 nm) typically comprise the largest fraction of the total number concentration, however, their chemical characterization is difficult because of their low mass. Using an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF), we characterize the molecular composition of freshly nucleated particles from naphthalene and β-caryophyllene oxidation products at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We perform a detailed intercomparison of the organic aerosol chemical composition measured by the EESI-TOF and an iodide adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer equipped with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO-I-CIMS). We also use an aerosol growth model based on the condensation of organic vapors to show that the chemical composition measured by the EESI-TOF is consistent with the expected condensed oxidation products. This agreement could be further improved by constraining the EESI-TOF compound-specific sensitivity or considering condensed-phase processes. Our results show that the EESI-TOF can obtain the chemical composition of particles as small as 20 nm in diameter with mass loadings as low as hundreds of ng m−3 in real time. This was until now difficult to achieve, as other online instruments are often limited by size cutoffs, ionization/thermal fragmentation and/or semi-continuous sampling. Using real-time simultaneous gas- and particle-phase data, we discuss the condensation of naphthalene oxidation products on a molecular level. Using real-time simultaneous gas- and particle-phase data, the condensation of naphthalene and β-caryophyllene oxidation products on a molecular level is discussed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Christopher R Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland .,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich 8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Lauri R Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA, FCUL, University of Lisbon 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland .,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Dexian Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland .,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 Boulder CO USA
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kvashnin
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Solar and Cosmic Ray Physics 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Solar and Cosmic Ray Physics 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - António Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior 6201-001 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Andre S H Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 Boulder CO USA
| | - Richard C Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany.,CERN 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Aerodyne Research 01821 Billerica MA USA
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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25
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Abstract
The fates of organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) in atmospheric condensed phases are key to understanding the oxidative and toxicological potentials of particulate matter. Recently, mass spectrometric detection of ROOHs as chloride anion adducts has revealed that liquid-phase α-hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides, derived from hydration of carbonyl oxides (Criegee intermediates), decompose to geminal diols and H2O2 over a time frame that is sensitively dependent on the water content, pH, and temperature of the reaction solution. Based on these findings, it has been proposed that H+-catalyzed conversion of ROOHs to ROHs + H2O2 is a key process for the decomposition of ROOHs that bypasses radical formation. In this perspective, we discuss our current understanding of the aqueous-phase decomposition of atmospherically relevant ROOHs, including ROOHs derived from reaction between Criegee intermediates and alcohols or carboxylic acids, and of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs). Implications and future challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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26
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Pospisilova V, Bell DM, Lamkaddam H, Bertrand A, Wang L, Bhattu D, Zhou X, Dommen J, Prevot ASH, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I, Slowik JG. Photodegradation of α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol Dominated by Moderately Oxidized Molecules. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6936-6943. [PMID: 33961408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) undergoes chemical and physical changes when exposed to UV radiation, affecting the atmospheric lifetime of the involved molecules. However, these photolytic processes remain poorly constrained. Here, we present a study aimed at characterizing, at a molecular level and in real time, the chemical composition of α-pinene SOA exposed to UV-A light at 50% relative humidity in an atmospheric simulation chamber. Significant SOA mass loss is observed at high loadings (∼100 μg m-3), whereas the effect is less prevalent at lower loadings (∼20 μg m-3). For the vast majority of molecules measured by the extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer, there is a fraction that is photoactive and decays when exposed to UV-A radiation and a fraction that appears photorecalcitrant. The molecules that are most photoactive contain between 4 and 6 oxygen atoms, while the more highly oxygenated compounds and dimers do not exhibit significant decay. Overall, photolysis results in a reduction of the volatility of SOA, which cannot be explained by simple evaporative losses but requires either a change in volatility related to changes in functional groups or a change in physical parameters (i.e., viscosity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Tofwerk, 3600 Thun, Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Amelie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Liwei Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Deepika Bhattu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342037, India
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andre S H Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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27
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Mehra A, Canagaratna M, Bannan TJ, Worrall SD, Bacak A, Priestley M, Liu D, Zhao J, Xu W, Sun Y, Hamilton JF, Squires FA, Lee J, Bryant DJ, Hopkins JR, Elzein A, Budisulistiorini SH, Cheng X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wang L, Stark H, Krechmer JE, Brean J, Slater E, Whalley L, Heard D, Ouyang B, Acton WJF, Hewitt CN, Wang X, Fu P, Jayne J, Worsnop D, Allan J, Percival C, Coe H. Using highly time-resolved online mass spectrometry to examine biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to organic aerosol in Beijing. Faraday Discuss 2021; 226:382-408. [PMID: 33475668 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic aerosols, a major constituent of fine particulate mass in megacities, can be directly emitted or formed from secondary processing of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions. The complexity of volatile organic compound emission sources, speciation and oxidation pathways leads to uncertainties in the key sources and chemistry leading to formation of organic aerosol in urban areas. Historically, online measurements of organic aerosol composition have been unable to resolve specific markers of volatile organic compound oxidation, while offline analysis of markers focus on a small proportion of organic aerosol and lack the time resolution to carry out detailed statistical analysis required to study the dynamic changes in aerosol sources and chemistry. Here we use data collected as part of the joint UK-China Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH-Beijing) collaboration during a field campaign in urban Beijing in the summer of 2017 alongside laboratory measurements of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of key aromatic precursors (1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, propyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl naphthalene) to study the anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to organic aerosol. For the first time in Beijing, this study applies positive matrix factorisation to online measurements of organic aerosol composition from a time-of-flight iodide chemical ionisation mass spectrometer fitted with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO-ToF-I-CIMS). This approach identifies the real-time variations in sources and oxidation processes influencing aerosol composition at a near-molecular level. We identify eight factors with distinct temporal variability, highlighting episodic differences in OA composition attributed to regional influences and in situ formation. These have average carbon numbers ranging from C5-C9 and can be associated with oxidation of anthropogenic aromatic hydrocarbons alongside biogenic emissions of isoprene, α-pinene and sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Mehra
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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28
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Wei J, Fang T, Wong C, Lakey PSJ, Nizkorodov SA, Shiraiwa M. Superoxide Formation from Aqueous Reactions of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:260-270. [PMID: 33352036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in aqueous-phase processing and health effects of atmospheric aerosols. Although hydroxyl radical (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are regarded as major oxidants associated with secondary organic aerosols (SOA), the kinetics and reaction mechanisms of superoxide (O2•-) formation are rarely quantified and poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a dominant formation of O2•- with molar yields of 0.01-0.03% from aqueous reactions of biogenic SOA generated by •OH photooxidation of isoprene, β-pinene, α-terpineol, and d-limonene. The temporal evolution of •OH and O2•- formation is elucidated by kinetic modeling with a cascade of aqueous reactions including the decomposition of organic hydroperoxides, •OH oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols, and unimolecular decomposition of α-hydroxyperoxyl radicals. Relative yields of various types of ROS reflect a relative abundance of organic hydroperoxides and alcohols contained in SOA. These findings and mechanistic understanding have important implications on the atmospheric fate of SOA and particle-phase reactions of highly oxygenated organic molecules as well as oxidative stress upon respiratory deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlai Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Cynthia Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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29
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Hu M, Chen K, Qiu J, Lin YH, Tonokura K, Enami S. Temperature Dependence of Aqueous-Phase Decomposition of α-Hydroxyalkyl-Hydroperoxides. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10288-10295. [PMID: 33231452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of unsaturated organic species with water produces α-hydroxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-HHs), which are reactive intermediates that lead to the formation of H2O2 and multifunctionalized species in atmospheric condensed phases. Here, we report temperature-dependent rate coefficients (k) for the aqueous-phase decomposition of α-terpineol α-HHs at 283-318 K and terpinen-4-ol α-HHs at 313-328 K. The temporal profiles of α-HH signals, detected as chloride adducts by negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry, showed single-exponential decay, and the derived first-order k for α-HH decomposition increased as temperature increased, e.g., k(288 K) = (4.7 ± 0.2) × 10-5, k(298 K) = (1.5 ± 0.4) × 10-4, k(308 K) = (3.4 ± 0.9) × 10-4, k(318 K) = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10-3 s-1 for α-terpineol α-HHs at pH 6.1. Arrhenius plot analysis yielded activation energies of 17.9 ± 0.7 (pH 6.1) and 17.1 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 (pH 6.2) for the decomposition of α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol α-HHs, respectively. Activation energies of 18.6 ± 0.2 and 19.2 ± 0.5 kcal mol-1 were also obtained for the decomposition of α-terpineol α-HHs in acidified water at pH 5.3 and 4.5, respectively. Theoretical kinetic and thermodynamic calculations confirmed that both water-catalyzed and proton-catalyzed mechanisms play important roles in the decomposition of these α-HHs. The relatively strong temperature dependence of k suggests that the lifetime of these α-HHs in aqueous phases (e.g., aqueous aerosols, fog, cloud droplets, wet films) is controlled not only by the water content and pH but also by the temperature of these media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Hu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Kunpeng Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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30
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Thornton JA, Mohr C, Schobesberger S, D’Ambro EL, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD. Evaluating Organic Aerosol Sources and Evolution with a Combined Molecular Composition and Volatility Framework Using the Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO). Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1415-1426. [PMID: 32648739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe complex array of sources and transformations of organic carbonaceous material that comprises an important fraction of atmospheric fine particle mass, known as organic aerosol, has presented a long running challenge for accurate predictions of its abundance, distribution, and sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. Uncertainties about changes in atmospheric aerosol particle sources and abundance over time translate to uncertainties in their impact on Earth's climate and their response to changes in air quality policy. One limitation in our understanding of organic aerosol has been a lack of comprehensive measurements of its molecular composition and volatility, which can elucidate sources and processes affecting its abundance. Herein we describe advances in the development and application of the Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO) coupled to field-deployable High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometers (HRToF-CIMS). The FIGAERO HRToFCIMS combination broadly probes gas and particulate OA molecular composition by using programmed thermal desorption of particles collected on a Teflon filter with subsequent detection and speciation of desorbed vapors using inherently quantitative selected-ion chemical ionization. The thermal desorption provides a means to obtain quantitative insights into the volatility of particle components and thus the physicochemical nature of the organic material that will govern its evolution in the atmosphere.In this Account, we discuss the design and operation of the FIGAERO, when coupled to the HRToF-CIMS, for quantitative characterization of the molecular-level composition and effective volatility of organic aerosol in the laboratory and field. We provide example insights gleaned from its deployment, which improve our understanding of organic aerosol sources and evolution. Specifically, we connect thermal desorption profiles to the effective equilibrium saturation vapor concentration and enthalpy of vaporization of detected components. We also show how application of the FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS to environmental simulation chamber experiments and the field provide new insights and constraints on the chemical mechanisms governing secondary organic aerosol formation and dynamic evolution. We discuss the associated challenges of thermal decomposition during desorption and calibration of both the volatility axis and signal. We also illustrate how the FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS can provide additional insights into organic aerosol through isothermal evaporation experiments as well as for detection of ultrafine particulate composition. We conclude with a description of future opportunities and needs for its ability to further organic aerosol science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, 408 ATG Building, 3920 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 F, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Emma L. D’Ambro
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-0117, United States
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, 408 ATG Building, 3920 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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