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Ji X, Huang G, Peng Y, Wang J, Cai X, Yang E, Zhu L, Wu Y, Sha W, Wang F, Shen L, Shen H. CD137 expression and signal function drive pleiotropic γδ T-cell effector functions that inhibit intracellular M. tuberculosis growth. Clin Immunol 2024; 266:110331. [PMID: 39067675 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Co-activation signal that induces/sustains pleiotropic effector functions of antigen-specific γδ T cells remains unknown. Here, Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) tuberculin administration during tuberculosis (TB) skin test resulted in rapid expression of co-activation signal molecules CD137 and CD107a by fast-acting Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in TB-resistant subjects (Resisters), but not patients with active TB. And, anti-CD137 agonistic antibody treatment experiments showed that CD137 signaling enabled Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to produce more effector cytokines and inhibit intracellular Mtb growth in macrophages (Mɸ). Consistently, Mtb antigen (Ag) HMBPP stimulation induced sustainable high-level CD137 expression in fresh and activated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from uninfected subjects, but not TB patients. CD137+Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subtype predominantly displayed central memory phenotype and mounted better proliferative responses than CD137-Vγ2Vδ2 T-cells. In response to HMBPP, CD137+Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subtype rapidly differentiated into greater numbers of pleiotropic effector cells producing anti-Mtb cytokines compared to CD137-Vγ2Vδ2 T subtype, with the non-canonical NF-κB pathway involved. CD137 expression in Vγ2Vδ2 T cells appeared to signal anti-Mtb effector functions leading to intracellular Mtb growth inhibition in Mɸ, and active TB disrupted such CD137-driven anti-Mtb effector functions. CD137+Vγ2Vδ2 T-cells subtype exhibited an epigenetic-driven high-level expression of GM-CSF and de novo production of GM-CSF critical for Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell controlling of Mtb growth in Mϕ. Concurrently, exosomes produced by CD137+Vγ2Vδ2 T cells potently inhibited intracellular mycobacterial growth. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of human CD137+Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to Mtb-infected SCID mice conferred protective immunity against Mtb infection. Thus, our data suggest that CD137 expression/signaling drives pleiotropic γδ T-cell effector functions that inhibit intracellular Mtb growth.
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MESH Headings
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Humans
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Female
- Animals
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Adult
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytokines/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice, SCID
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ji
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixian Huang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juechu Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China..
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China..
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA..
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.; Shanghai Sci-Tech inno Center for Infection and Immunity, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Samuel BER, Diaz FE, Maina TW, Corbett RJ, Tuggle CK, McGill JL. Evidence of innate training in bovine γδ T cells following subcutaneous BCG administration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1423843. [PMID: 39100669 PMCID: PMC11295143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been shown to induce non-specific protection against diseases other than tuberculosis in vaccinated individuals, attributed to the induction of trained immunity. We have previously demonstrated that BCG administration induces innate immune training in mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes in calves. Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells are non-conventional T cells that exhibit innate and adaptive immune system features. They are in higher proportion in the peripheral blood of cattle than humans or rodents and play an essential role in bovine immune response to pathogens. In the current study, we determined if BCG administration induced innate immune training in bovine γδ T cells. A group of 16 pre-weaned Holstein calves (2-4 d age) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to vaccine and control groups (n=8/group). The vaccine group received two doses of 106 colony forming units (CFU) BCG Danish strain subcutaneously, separated by 2 weeks. The control group remained unvaccinated. Gamma delta T cells were purified from peripheral blood using magnetic cell sorting three weeks after receiving the 1st BCG dose. We observed functional changes in the γδ T cells from BCG-treated calves shown by increased IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine production in response to in vitro stimulation with Escherichia coli LPS and PAM3CSK4. ATAC-Seq analysis of 78,278 regions of open chromatin (peaks) revealed that γδ T cells from BCG-treated calves had an altered epigenetic status compared to cells from the control calves. Differentially accessible peaks (DAP) found near the promoters of innate immunity-related genes like Siglec14, Irf4, Ifna2, Lrrfip1, and Tnfrsf10d were 1 to 4-fold more accessible in cells from BCG-treated calves. MOTIF enrichment analysis of the sequences within DAPs, which explores transcription factor binding motifs (TFBM) upstream of regulatory elements, revealed TFBM for Eomes and IRF-5 were among the most enriched transcription factors. GO enrichment analysis of genes proximal to the DAPs showed enrichment of pathways such as regulation of IL-2 production, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and other immune regulatory pathways. In conclusion, our study shows that subcutaneous BCG administration in pre-weaned calves can induce innate immune memory in the form of trained immunity in γδ T cells. This memory is associated with increased chromatin accessibility of innate immune response-related genes, thereby inducing a functional trained immune response evidenced by increased IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beulah Esther Rani Samuel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Fabian E. Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Teresia W. Maina
- Immunology, Cargill Animal Nutrition & Health, Elk River, MN, United States
| | - Ryan J. Corbett
- Center for Data Driven Discovery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Jodi L. McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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3
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Xu Q, Sharif M, James E, Dismorr JO, Tucker JHR, Willcox BE, Mehellou Y. Phosphonodiamidate prodrugs of phosphoantigens (ProPAgens) exhibit potent Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell activation and eradication of cancer cells. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2462-2473. [PMID: 39026632 PMCID: PMC11253855 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) is an established activator of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells and stimulates downstream effector functions including cytotoxicity and cytokine production. In order to improve its drug-like properties, we herein report the design, synthesis, serum stability, in vitro metabolism, and biological evaluation of a new class of symmetrical phosphonodiamidate prodrugs of methylene and difluoromethylene monophosphonate derivatives of HMBPP. These prodrugs, termed phosphonodiamidate ProPAgens, were synthesized in good yields, exhibited excellent serum stability (>7 h), and their in vitro metabolism was shown to be initiated by carboxypeptidase Y. These phosphonodiamidate ProPAgens triggered potent activation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, which translated into efficient Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell-mediated eradication of bladder cancer cells in vitro. Together, these findings showcase the potential of these phosphonodiamidate ProPAgens as Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell modulators that could be further developed as novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Maria Sharif
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Edward James
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Jack O Dismorr
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - James H R Tucker
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Youcef Mehellou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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4
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Weinberg A, Johnson M, Crotteau M, Ghosh D, Vu T, Levin MJ. Trained Immunity Generated by the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4607744. [PMID: 39041035 PMCID: PMC11261968 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4607744/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Trained immunity may play a role in vaccine-induced protection against infections. We showed that the highly efficacious recombinant VZV-gE zoster vaccine (RZV) generated trained immunity in monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) and that the less efficacious live zoster vaccine did not. RZV stimulated ex vivo gE-specific monocyte, DC and NK cell responses that did not correlate with CD4 + T-cell responses. These responses were also elicited in purified monocyte and NK cell cocultures stimulated with VZV-gE and persisted above prevaccination levels for ≥ 4 years post-RZV administration. RZV administration also increased ex vivo heterologous monocyte and NK cell responses to herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus antigens. ATAC-seq analysis and ex vivo TGFβ1 supplementation and inhibition experiments demonstrated that decreased tgfβ1 transcription resulting from RZV-induced chromatin modifications may explain the development of monocyte trained immunity. The role of RZV-trained immunity in protection against herpes zoster and other infections should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thao Vu
- University of Colorado Denver
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5
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Simonson AW, Zeppa JJ, Bucsan AN, Chao MC, Pokkali S, Hopkins F, Chase MR, Vickers AJ, Sutton MS, Winchell CG, Myers AJ, Ameel CL, Kelly R, Krouse B, Hood LE, Li J, Lehman CC, Kamath M, Tomko J, Rodgers MA, Donlan R, Chishti H, Jacob Borish H, Klein E, Scanga CA, Fortune S, Lin PL, Maiello P, Roederer M, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Flynn JL. CD4 T cells and CD8α+ lymphocytes are necessary for intravenous BCG-induced protection against tuberculosis in macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594183. [PMID: 38798646 PMCID: PMC11118459 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite widespread intradermal (ID) BCG vaccination in newborns. We previously demonstrated that changing the route and dose of BCG vaccination from 5×105 CFU ID to 5×107 CFU intravenous (IV) resulted in prevention of infection and disease in a rigorous, highly susceptible non-human primate model of TB. Identifying the immune mechanisms of protection for IV BCG will facilitate development of more effective vaccines against TB. Here, we depleted select lymphocyte subsets in IV BCG vaccinated macaques prior to Mtb challenge to determine the cell types necessary for that protection. Depletion of CD4 T cells or all CD8α expressing lymphoycytes (both innate and adaptive) resulted in loss of protection in most macaques, concomitant with increased bacterial burdens (~4-5 log10 thoracic CFU) and dissemination of infection. In contrast, depletion of only adaptive CD8αβ+ T cells did not significantly reduce protection against disease. Our results demonstrate that CD4 T cells and innate CD8α+ lymphocytes are critical for IV BCG-induced protection, supporting investigation of how eliciting these cells and their functions can improve future TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Simonson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Zeppa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison N. Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael C. Chao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forrest Hopkins
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R. Chase
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Vickers
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Sutton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caylin G. Winchell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy J. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cassaundra L. Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ben Krouse
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luke E. Hood
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea C. Lehman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megha Kamath
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark A. Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Donlan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harris Chishti
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H. Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Animal Laboratory Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A. Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wei J, Guo F, Song Y, Feng T, Wang Y, Xu K, Song J, Kaysar E, Abdukayyum R, Lin F, Li K, Li B, Qian Z, Wang X, Wang H, Xu T. Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:70. [PMID: 38741147 PMCID: PMC11089708 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) is a peptide antigen released from the mycobacterial cytoplasm into the supernatant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) attenuated H37Ra strain after autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. Mtb-HAg can specifically induce γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro. However, the exact composition of Mtb-HAg and the protein antigens that are responsible for its function are currently unknown. METHODS Mtb-HAg extracted from the Mtb H37Ra strain was subjected to LC‒MS mass spectrometry. Twelve of the identified protein fractions were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli by genetic engineering technology using pET-28a as a plasmid and purified by Ni-NTA agarose resin to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different healthy individuals. The proliferation of γδ T cells and major γδ T-cell subset types as well as the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by flow cytometry. Their proliferating γδ T cells were isolated and purified using MACS separation columns, and Mtb H37Ra-infected THP-1 was co-cultured with isolated and purified γδ T cells to quantify Mycobacterium viability by counting CFUs. RESULTS In this study, Mtb-HAg from the attenuated Mtb H37Ra strain was analysed by LC‒MS mass spectrometry, and a total of 564 proteins were identified. Analysis of the identified protein fractions revealed that the major protein components included heat shock proteins and Mtb-specific antigenic proteins. Recombinant expression of 10 of these proteins in by Escherichia coli genetic engineering technology was used to successfully stimulate PBMCs from different healthy individuals, but 2 of the proteins, EsxJ and EsxA, were not expressed. Flow cytometry results showed that, compared with the IL-2 control, HspX, GroEL1, and GroES specifically induced γδ T-cell expansion, with Vγ2δ2 T cells as the main subset, and the secretion of the antimicrobial cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. In contrast, HtpG, DnaK, GroEL2, HbhA, Mpt63, EsxB, and EsxN were unable to promote γδ T-cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ. None of the above recombinant proteins were able to induce the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ by αβ T cells. In addition, TNF-α, IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells inhibit the growth of intracellular Mtb. CONCLUSION Activated γδ T cells induced by Mtb-HAg components HspX, GroES, GroEL1 to produce TNF-α, IFN-γ modulate macrophages to inhibit intracellular Mtb growth. These data lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the mechanism by which Mtb-HAg induces γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro, as well as the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines and rapid diagnostic reagents.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Fangzheng Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yamin Song
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Tong Feng
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jianhan Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Eldana Kaysar
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, 848099, China
| | - Reyima Abdukayyum
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, 848099, China
| | - Feiyang Lin
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, 848099, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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7
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Terzoli S, Marzano P, Cazzetta V, Piazza R, Sandrock I, Ravens S, Tan L, Prinz I, Balin S, Calvi M, Carletti A, Cancellara A, Coianiz N, Franzese S, Frigo A, Voza A, Calcaterra F, Di Vito C, Della Bella S, Mikulak J, Mavilio D. Expansion of memory Vδ2 T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination revealed by temporal single-cell transcriptomics. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:63. [PMID: 38509155 PMCID: PMC10954735 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells provide rapid cellular immunity against pathogens. Here, we conducted matched single-cell RNA-sequencing and γδ-TCR-sequencing to delineate the molecular changes in γδ T cells during a longitudinal study following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. While the first dose of vaccine primes Vδ2 T cells, it is the second administration that significantly boosts their immune response. Specifically, the second vaccination uncovers memory features of Vδ2 T cells, shaped by the induction of AP-1 family transcription factors and characterized by a convergent central memory signature, clonal expansion, and an enhanced effector potential. This temporally distinct effector response of Vδ2 T cells was also confirmed in vitro upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike-peptides. Indeed, the second challenge triggers a significantly higher production of IFNγ by Vδ2 T cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might benefit from the establishment of long-lasting central memory Vδ2 T cells to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Terzoli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cazzetta
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Balin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Calvi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Carletti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Assunta Cancellara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Coianiz
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sara Franzese
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Voza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Röring RJ, Debisarun PA, Botey-Bataller J, Suen TK, Bulut Ö, Kilic G, Koeken VA, Sarlea A, Bahrar H, Dijkstra H, Lemmers H, Gössling KL, Rüchel N, Ostermann PN, Müller L, Schaal H, Adams O, Borkhardt A, Ariyurek Y, de Meijer EJ, Kloet SL, ten Oever J, Placek K, Li Y, Netea MG. MMR vaccination induces trained immunity via functional and metabolic reprogramming of γδ T cells. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170848. [PMID: 38290093 PMCID: PMC10977989 DOI: 10.1172/jci170848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine protects against all-cause mortality in children, but the immunological mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly known. We systematically investigated whether MMR can induce long-term functional changes in innate immune cells, a process termed trained immunity, that could at least partially mediate this heterologous protection. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 39 healthy adults received either the MMR vaccine or a placebo. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we found that MMR caused transcriptomic changes in CD14+ monocytes and NK cells, but most profoundly in γδ T cells. Monocyte function was not altered by MMR vaccination. In contrast, the function of γδ T cells was markedly enhanced by MMR vaccination, with higher production of TNF and IFN-γ, as well as upregulation of cellular metabolic pathways. In conclusion, we describe a trained immunity program characterized by modulation of γδ T cell function induced by MMR vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger J. Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Priya A. Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Javier Botey-Bataller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tsz Kin Suen
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Özlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Valerie A.C.M. Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrei Sarlea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
| | - Harsh Bahrar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nadine Rüchel
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Philipp N. Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Yavuz Ariyurek
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Emile J. de Meijer
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Susan L. Kloet
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Suen TK, Moorlag SJCFM, Li W, de Bree LCJ, Koeken VACM, Mourits VP, Dijkstra H, Lemmers H, Bhat J, Xu CJ, Joosten LAB, Schultze JL, Li Y, Placek K, Netea MG. BCG vaccination induces innate immune memory in γδ T cells in humans. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:149-163. [PMID: 37672677 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine is well known for inducing trained immunity in myeloid and natural killer cells, which can explain its cross-protective effect against heterologous infections. Although displaying functional characteristics of both adaptive and innate immunity, γδ T-cell memory has been only addressed in a pathogen-specific context. In this study, we aimed to determine whether human γδ T cells can mount trained immunity and therefore contribute to the cross-protective effect of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. We investigated in vivo induction of innate memory in γδ T cells by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination in healthy human volunteers by combining single-cell RNA sequencing technology with immune functional assays. The total number of γδ T cells and membrane markers of activation was not influenced by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. In contrast, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin changed γδ T cells' transcriptional programs and increased their responsiveness to heterologous bacterial and fungal stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide and Candida albicans, as simultaneously characterized by higher tumor necrosis factor and interferon γ production, weeks after vaccination. Human γδ T cells in adults display the potential to develop a trained immunity phenotype after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz K Suen
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualized Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualized Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jaydeep Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualized Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Victor Babeș 8, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1/9953127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualized Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Vigário AM, Pamplona A. γδ T cells as immunotherapy for malaria: balancing challenges and opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242306. [PMID: 38124746 PMCID: PMC10731019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Pamplona
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Weinberg A, Johnson MJ, Garth K, Hsieh EWY, Kedl R, Weiskopf D, Cassaday M, Rester C, Cabrera-Martinez B, Baxter RM, Levin MJ. Innate and Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Young Children. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad608. [PMID: 38107018 PMCID: PMC10721446 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is little information on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in children. We studied adaptive and innate CMI in vaccinated children aged 6 to 60 months. Methods Blood obtained from participants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of an mRNA vaccine before and 1 month after the first dose was used for antibody measurements and CMI (flow cytometry). Results We enrolled 29 children with a mean age of 28.5 months (SD, 15.7). Antibody studies revealed that 10 participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2 prevaccination. Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides showed significant increases pre- to postimmunization of activated conventional CD4+ and γδ T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells but not mucosa-associated innate T cells. Conventional T-cell, monocyte, and conventional dendritic cell responses in children were higher immediately after vaccination than after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The fold increase in CMI pre- to postvaccination did not differ between children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and those uninfected. Conclusions Children aged 6 to 60 months who were vaccinated with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine developed robust CMI responses, including adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael J Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Krystle Garth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ross Kedl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mattie Cassaday
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cody Rester
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Berenice Cabrera-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan M Baxter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Myron J Levin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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12
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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13
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Morrison AL, Sarfas C, Sibley L, Williams J, Mabbutt A, Dennis MJ, Lawrence S, White AD, Bodman-Smith M, Sharpe SA. IV BCG Vaccination and Aerosol BCG Revaccination Induce Mycobacteria-Responsive γδ T Cells Associated with Protective Efficacy against M. tb Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1604. [PMID: 37897006 PMCID: PMC10611416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenously (IV) delivered BCG provides superior tuberculosis (TB) protection compared with the intradermal (ID) route in non-human primates (NHPs). We examined how γδ T cell responses changed in vivo after IV BCG vaccination of NHPs, and whether these correlated with protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis challenge. In the circulation, Vδ2 T cell populations expanded after IV BCG vaccination, from a median of 1.5% (range: 0.8-2.3) of the CD3+ population at baseline, to 5.3% (range: 1.4-29.5) 4 weeks after M. tb, and were associated with TB protection. This protection was related to effector and central memory profiles; homing markers; and production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and granulysin. In comparison, Vδ2 cells did not expand after ID BCG, but underwent phenotypic and functional changes. When Vδ2 responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were compared between routes, IV BCG vaccination resulted in highly functional mucosal Vδ2 cells, whereas ID BCG did not. We sought to explore whether an aerosol BCG boost following ID BCG vaccination could induce a γδ profile comparable to that induced with IV BCG. We found evidence that the aerosol BCG boost induced significant changes in the Vδ2 phenotype and function in cells isolated from the BAL. These results indicate that Vδ2 population frequency, activation and function are characteristic features of responses induced with IV BCG, and the translation of responses from the circulation to the site of infection could be a limiting factor in the response induced following ID BCG. An aerosol boost was able to localise activated Vδ2 populations at the mucosal surfaces of the lung. This vaccine strategy warrants further investigation to boost the waning human ID BCG response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Morrison
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Laura Sibley
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Jessica Williams
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Adam Mabbutt
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mike J. Dennis
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Steve Lawrence
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Andrew D. White
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0BD, UK
| | - Sally A. Sharpe
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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14
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Al B, Suen TK, Placek K, Netea MG. Innate (learned) memory. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:551-566. [PMID: 37385546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
With the growing body of evidence, it is now clear that not only adaptive immune cells but also innate immune cells can mount a more rapid and potent nonspecific immune response to subsequent exposures. This process is known as trained immunity or innate (learned) immune memory. This review discusses the different immune and nonimmune cell types of the central and peripheral immune systems that can develop trained immunity. This review highlights the intracellular signaling and metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the formation of innate immune memory. Finally, this review explores the health implications together with the potential therapeutic interventions harnessing trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Al
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn
| | - Tsz K Suen
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
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15
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Jalbert E, Liu C, Mave V, Lang N, Kagal A, Valvi C, Paradkar M, Gupte N, Lokhande R, Bharadwaj R, Kulkarni V, Gupta A, Weinberg A. Comparative immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people with latent infection or sterilizing protection. iScience 2023; 26:107425. [PMID: 37564701 PMCID: PMC10410524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great need for vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) more efficacious than the licensed BCG. Our goal was to identify new vaccine benchmarks by identifying immune responses that distinguish individuals able to eradicate the infection (TB-resisters) from individuals with latent infection (LTBI-participants). TB-resisters had higher frequencies of circulating CD8+ glucose monomycolate (GMM)+ Granzyme-B+ T cells than LTBI-participants and higher proportions of polyfunctional conventional and nonconventional T cells expressing Granzyme-B and/or PD-1 after ex vivo M. tuberculosis stimulation of blood mononuclear cells. LTBI-participants had higher expression of activation markers and cytokines, including IL10, and IFNγ. An exploratory analysis of BCG-recipients with minimal exposure to TB showed absence of CD8+GMM+Granzyme-B+ T cells, lower or equal proportions of Granzyme-B+PD-1+ polyfunctional T cells than TB-resisters and higher or equal than LTBI-participants. In conclusion, high Granzyme-B+PD-1+ T cell responses to M. tuberculosis and, possibly, of CD8+GMM+Granzyme-B+ T cells may be desirable for new TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Jalbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vidya Mave
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anju Kagal
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chhaya Valvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mandar Paradkar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Lokhande
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Kulkarni
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amita Gupta
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Oyong DA, Duffy FJ, Neal ML, Du Y, Carnes J, Schwedhelm KV, Hertoghs N, Jun SH, Miller H, Aitchison JD, De Rosa SC, Newell EW, McElrath MJ, McDermott SM, Stuart KD. Distinct immune responses associated with vaccination status and protection outcomes after malaria challenge. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011051. [PMID: 37195999 PMCID: PMC10228810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding immune mechanisms that mediate malaria protection is critical for improving vaccine development. Vaccination with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfRAS) induces high level of sterilizing immunity against malaria and serves as a valuable tool for the study of protective mechanisms. To identify vaccine-induced and protection-associated responses during malarial infection, we performed transcriptome profiling of whole blood and in-depth cellular profiling of PBMCs from volunteers who received either PfRAS or noninfectious mosquito bites, followed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) challenge. In-depth single-cell profiling of cell subsets that respond to CHMI in mock-vaccinated individuals showed a predominantly inflammatory transcriptome response. Whole blood transcriptome analysis revealed that gene sets associated with type I and II interferon and NK cell responses were increased in prior to CHMI while T and B cell signatures were decreased as early as one day following CHMI in protected vaccinees. In contrast, non-protected vaccinees and mock-vaccinated individuals exhibited shared transcriptome changes after CHMI characterized by decreased innate cell signatures and inflammatory responses. Additionally, immunophenotyping data showed different induction profiles of vδ2+ γδ T cells, CD56+ CD8+ T effector memory (Tem) cells, and non-classical monocytes between protected vaccinees and individuals developing blood-stage parasitemia, following treatment and resolution of infection. Our data provide key insights in understanding immune mechanistic pathways of PfRAS-induced protection and infective CHMI. We demonstrate that vaccine-induced immune response is heterogenous between protected and non-protected vaccinees and that inducted-malaria protection by PfRAS is associated with early and rapid changes in interferon, NK cell and adaptive immune responses. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian A. Oyong
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fergal J. Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maxwell L. Neal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ying Du
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Carnes
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katharine V. Schwedhelm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Seong-Hwan Jun
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Helen Miller
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. McDermott
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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17
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Sanz M, Mann BT, Ryan PL, Bosque A, Pennington DJ, Hackstein H, Soriano-Sarabia N. Deep characterization of human γδ T cell subsets defines shared and lineage-specific traits. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148988. [PMID: 37063856 PMCID: PMC10102470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Under non-pathological conditions, human γδ T cells represent a small fraction of CD3+ T cells in peripheral blood (1-10%). They constitute a unique subset of T lymphocytes that recognize stress ligands or non-peptide antigens through MHC-independent presentation. Major human γδ T cell subsets, Vδ1 and Vδ2, expand in response to microbial infection or malignancy, but possess distinct tissue localization, antigen recognition, and effector responses. We hypothesized that differences at the gene, phenotypic, and functional level would provide evidence that γδ T cell subpopulations belong to distinct lineages. Comparisons between each subset and the identification of the molecular determinants that underpin their differences has been hampered by experimental challenges in obtaining sufficient numbers of purified cells. By utilizing a stringent FACS-based isolation method, we compared highly purified human Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells in terms of phenotype, gene expression profile, and functional responses. We found distinct genetic and phenotypic signatures that define functional differences in γδ T cell populations. Differences in TCR components, repertoire, and responses to calcium-dependent pathways suggest that Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells are different lineages. These findings will facilitate further investigation into the ligand specificity and unique role of Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells in early immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brendan T. Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Paul L. Ryan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel J. Pennington
- Centre for Immunology, Blizzard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalia Soriano-Sarabia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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18
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A MAPS Vaccine Induces Multipronged Systemic and Tissue-Resident Cellular Responses and Protects Mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio 2023; 14:e0361122. [PMID: 36749098 PMCID: PMC9973048 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03611-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, the mainstay of vaccination involves the use of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a live-attenuated vaccine that confers protection against extrapulmonary disease in infants and children but not against lung disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel vaccines. Here, we show that a multicomponent acellular vaccine (TB-MAPS) induces robust antibody responses and long-lived systemic and tissue-resident memory Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and promotes trained innate immunity mediated by γδT and NKT cells in mice. When tested in a mouse aerosol infection model, TB-MAPS significantly reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens to the same extent as BCG. When used in conjunction with BCG, TB-MAPS further enhanced BCG-mediated protection, especially in the lungs, further supporting this construct as a promising TB vaccine candidate. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we evaluate a novel vaccine which induces a broad immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis including robust antibody responses and long-lived systemic and tissue-resident memory Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. When tested in a mouse aerosol infection model, this vaccine significantly reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens to the same extent as BCG. When used in conjunction with BCG, TB-MAPS further enhanced BCG-mediated protection, especially in the lungs, further supporting this construct as a promising TB vaccine candidate.
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19
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Walker EM, Merino KM, Slisarenko N, Grasperge BF, Mehra S, Roy CJ, Kaushal D, Rout N. Impact of SIV infection on mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cell responses in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) inoculated macaques. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085786. [PMID: 36726992 PMCID: PMC9885173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although BCG vaccine protects infants from tuberculosis (TB), it has limited efficacy in adults against pulmonary TB. Further, HIV coinfection significantly increases the risk of developing active TB. In the lack of defined correlates of protection in TB disease, it is essential to explore immune responses beyond conventional CD4 T cells to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of TB immunity. Methods Here, we evaluated unconventional lipid-reactive T cell responses in cynomolgus macaques following aerosol BCG inoculation and examined the impact of subsequent SIV infection on these responses. Immune responses to cellular lipids of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis were examined ex vivo in peripheral blood and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL). Results Prior to BCG inoculation, innate-like IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial lipids were observed in T cells. Aerosol BCG exposure induced an early increase in frequencies of BAL γδT cells, a dominant subset of lipid-reactive T cells, along with enhanced IL-7R and CXCR3 expression. Further, BCG exposure stimulated greater IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial lipids in peripheral blood and BAL, suggesting the induction of systemic and local Th1-type response in lipid-reactive T cells. Subsequent SIV infection resulted in a significant loss of IL-7R expression on blood and BAL γδT cells. Additionally, IFN-γ responses of mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cells in BAL fluid were significantly lower in SIV-infected macaques, while perforin production was maintained through chronic SIV infection. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that despite SIV-induced decline in IL-7R expression and IFN-γ production by mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cells, their cytolytic potential is maintained. A deeper understanding of anti-mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cell functions may inform novel approaches to enhance TB control in individuals with or without HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M. Walker
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Kristen M. Merino
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Nadia Slisarenko
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Brooke F. Grasperge
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Namita Rout
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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20
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Dimova T, Dimitrova V, Grozdanov P, Markova N. Placentа of BCG-Vaccinated Women in early Pregnancy is Colonized with Non-Immunogenic Mycobacterial L-forms. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13650. [PMID: 36331422 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Long-lived mycobacterial L-forms (mL-forms) could be detected in the blood of BCG-vaccinated people. We have previously found mL-forms in term placentas and blood of neonates, delivered by healthy BCG-vaccinated mothers as first formal demonstration that BCG vaccination in the childhood of the woman could affect her placentobiome during pregnancy. Of note, the isolated mL-forms reverted to the cell-walled state of the parental BCG bacilli in vitro. METHOD OF STUDY Here, we analyzed triple samples of blood, decidua and chorion taken from BCG-vaccinated pregnant women, directed to elective abortions (6-12 gestation weeks). The colonization of the primary samples with mycobacterial L-forms (mL-forms) was evaluated using microbiological isolation and subsequent identification by real time PCR and morphological characterization by light microscopy and SEM. The potential of early placenta-derived mL-forms to expand mycobacteria-reactive γδ T cells in vitro was assessed using FACS, whereas their immunogenicity in vivo was followed up after i.p. inoculation in rats. RESULTS Our results showed two important findings: 1) viable filterable mL-forms varying in size, shape and proliferation modes are capable of colonizing the gestational tissues of BCG-vaccinated women early in pregnancy and 2) early placenta-derived mL-forms are not as immunogenic as walled M. bovis BCG bacilli, shown by lack of stimulation of mycobacteria-reactive γδ T cells co-cultured with early placenta-derived mL-forms and inefficient internalization of mL-forms by rat's peritoneal phagocytes in vivo. CONCLUSION Although generally thought to be reduced in virulence, mL-forms could provide a reservoir, hidden from the immune system especially in an immune privileged niche like placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Dimova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. K. Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Dimitrova
- Medical University, University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Grozdanov
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Markova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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21
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Vidard L. 4-1BB and cytokines trigger human NK, γδ T, and CD8 + T cell proliferation and activation, but are not required for their effector functions. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 11:e749. [PMID: 36705415 PMCID: PMC9753824 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was designed to compare the costimulatory molecules and cytokines required to trigger the proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK), γδ T, and CD8+ T cells, and gain in-depth insight into the mechanisms shifting tolerance to immunity. METHODS K562-derived artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs); that is, K562 forced to express CD86 and 4-1BBL costimulatory receptors, in the presence of cytokines, were used to mimic dendritic cells (DCs) and provide signals to support the proliferation and activation of NK, γδ T, and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS Three signals are required to trigger optimal proliferation in MART-1-specific CD8+ T cells: activation of T-cell receptors (TCRs) by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I/peptide complexes (signal 1); 4-1BB engagement (signal 2); and IL-15 and IL-21 receptor co-signaling (signal 3). NK and γδ T cell proliferation also require three signals, but the precise nature of signal 1 involving cell-to-cell contact was not determined. Once they become effectors, only signal 1 determines the sensitivity or resistance of the target cells to cytolysis by killer lymphocytes. When freshly purified, none had effector functions, except the NK cells, which could be activated by CD16 engagement. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, lymphocytes committed to kill are produced as inactive precursors, and the license to kill is delivered by three signals, allowing for extensive proliferation and effector function acquisition. This data challenges the paradigm of anergy and supports the danger signal theory originally proposed by Polly Matzinger, which states that killer cells are tolerant by default, thereby protecting the mammalian body from autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vidard
- Department of Immuno‐OncologySanofiVitry‐sur‐SeineFrance
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22
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Gay L, Mezouar S, Cano C, Frohna P, Madakamutil L, Mège JL, Olive D. Role of Vγ9vδ2 T lymphocytes in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928441. [PMID: 35924233 PMCID: PMC9340263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor Vγ9Vδ2 T cells bridge innate and adaptive antimicrobial immunity in primates. These Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens (pAgs) present in microbial or eukaryotic cells in a butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3) and butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) dependent manner. In humans, the rapid expansion of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes during several infections as well as their localization at the site of active disease demonstrates their important role in the immune response to infection. However, Vγ9Vδ2 T cell deficiencies have been observed in some infectious diseases such as active tuberculosis and chronic viral infections. In this review, we are providing an overview of the mechanisms of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated antimicrobial immunity. These cells kill infected cells mainly by releasing lytic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing target cell apoptosis. In addition, the release of chemokines and cytokines allows the recruitment and activation of immune cells, promoting the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Finaly, we also describe potential new therapeutic tools of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy that could be applied to emerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Conception, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Daniel Olive,
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23
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Shen H, Yang E, Guo M, Yang R, Huang G, Peng Y, Sha W, Wang F, Shen L. Adjunctive Zoledronate+IL-2 administrations enhance anti-tuberculosis Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector populations, and improve treatment outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1790-1805. [PMID: 35765887 PMCID: PMC9310823 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a refractory disease with high mortality rate due to no or few choices of antibiotics. Adjunctive immunotherapy may help improve treatment outcome of MDR-TB. Our decade-long studies demonstrated that phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells play protective roles in immunity against TB. Here, we hypothesized that enhancing protective Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector cells could improve treatment outcome of MDR-TB. To address this, we employed clinically approved drugs Zoledronate (ZOL) and IL-2 to induce anti-TB Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector cells as adjunctive immunotherapy against MDR-TB infection of macaques. We found that adjunctive ZOL/IL-2 administrations during TB drugs treatment of MDR-TB-infected macaques significantly expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and enhanced/sustained Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector subpopulation producing anti-TB cytokines until week 21. ZOL/IL-2 administrations, while expanding Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, significantly increased/sustained numbers of circulating CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Th1-like effector populations, with some γδ T- or αβ T-effector populations trafficking to airway at week 3 until week 19 or 21 after MDR-TB infection. Adjunctive ZOL/IL-2 administrations after MDR-TB infection led to lower bacterial burdens in lungs than TB drugs alone, IL-2 alone or saline controls, and resulted in milder MDR-TB pathology/lesions. Thus, adjunctive Zoledronate + IL-2 administrations can enhance anti-TB Vγ2Vδ2 T- and αβ T-effector populations, and improve treatment outcome of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixian Huang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Fenn J, Ridgley LA, White A, Sarfas C, Dennis M, Dalgleish A, Reljic R, Sharpe S, Bodman-Smith M. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induces superior anti-tumour responses by Vδ2+ T cells compared with the aminobisphosphonate drug zoledronic acid. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:301-315. [PMID: 35404420 PMCID: PMC9226146 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vδ2+ T cells can recognize malignantly transformed cells as well as those infected with mycobacteria. This cross-reactivity supports the idea of using mycobacteria to manipulate Vδ2+ T cells in cancer immunotherapy. To date, therapeutic interventions using Vδ2+ T cells in cancer have involved expanding these cells in or ex vivo using zoledronic acid (ZA). Here, we show that the mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) also causes Vδ2+ T-cell expansion in vitro and that resulting Vδ2+ cell populations are cytotoxic toward tumour cell lines. We show that both ZA and BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells effectively killed both Daudi and THP-1 cells. THP-1 cell killing by both ZA and BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells was enhanced by treatment of targets cells with ZA. Although no difference in cytotoxic activity between ZA- and BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells was observed, BCG-expanded cells degranulated more and produced a more diverse range of cytokines upon tumour cell recognition compared to ZA-expanded cells. ZA-expanded Vδ2+ cells were shown to upregulate exhaustion marker CD57 to a greater extent than BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells. Furthermore, ZA expansion was associated with upregulation of inhibitory markers PD-1 and TIM3 in a dose-dependent manner whereas PD-1 expression was not increased following expansion using BCG. Intradermal BCG vaccination of rhesus macaques caused in vivo expansion of Vδ2+ cells. In combination with the aforementioned in vitro data, this finding suggests that BCG treatment could induce expansion of Vδ2+ T cells with enhanced anti-tumour potential compared to ZA treatment and that either ZA or BCG could be used intratumourally as a means to potentiate stronger anti-tumour Vδ2+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fenn
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L A Ridgley
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - A White
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - C Sarfas
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - M Dennis
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - A Dalgleish
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - R Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - S Sharpe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - M Bodman-Smith
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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25
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James CA, Yu KKQ, Mayer-Blackwell K, Fiore-Gartland A, Smith MT, Layton ED, Johnson JL, Hanekom WA, Scriba TJ, Seshadri C. Durable Expansion of TCR-δ Meta-Clonotypes After BCG Revaccination in Humans. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834757. [PMID: 35432299 PMCID: PMC9005636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used for 100 years and prevents disseminated tuberculosis and death in young children. However, it shows only partial efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults, so new vaccines are urgently needed. The protective efficacy of BCG depends on T cells, which are typically activated by pathogen-derived protein antigens that bind to highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Some T cells recognize non-protein antigens via antigen presenting systems that are independent of genetic background, leading to their designation as donor-unrestricted T (DURT) cells. Whether live whole cell vaccines, like BCG, can induce durable expansions of DURT cells in humans is not known. We used combinatorial tetramer staining, multi-parameter flow cytometry, and immunosequencing to comprehensively characterize the effect of BCG on activation and expansion of DURT cell subsets. We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from a Phase I study of South African adults in which samples were archived at baseline, 3 weeks, and 52 weeks post-BCG revaccination. We did not observe a change in the frequency of total mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, germline encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) T cells, or γδ T cells at 52 weeks post-BCG. However, immunosequencing revealed a set of TCR-δ clonotypes that were expanded at 52 weeks post-BCG revaccination. These expanded clones expressed the Vδ2 gene segment and could be further defined on the basis of biochemical similarity into several 'meta-clonotypes' that likely recognize similar epitopes. Our data reveal that BCG vaccination leads to durable expansion of DURT cell clonotypes despite a limited effect on total circulating frequencies in the blood and have implications for defining the immunogenicity of candidate whole cell TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. James
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Krystle K. Q. Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Malisa T. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Erik D. Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John L. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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26
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Le Page L, Baldwin CL, Telfer JC. γδ T cells in artiodactyls: Focus on swine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:104334. [PMID: 34919982 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective medical strategy for disease prevention but there is a need to improve livestock vaccine efficacy. Understanding the structure of the immune system of swine, which are considered a γδ T cell "high" species, and thus, particularly how to engage their γδ T cells for immune responses, may allow for development of vaccine optimization strategies. The propensity of γδ T cells to home to specific tissues, secrete pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, exhibit memory or recall responses and even function as antigen-presenting cells for αβ T cells supports the concept that they have enormous potential for priming by next generation vaccine constructs to contribute to protective immunity. γδ T cells exhibit several innate-like antigen recognition properties including the ability to recognize antigen in the absence of presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules enabling γδ T cells to recognize an array of peptides but also non-peptide antigens in a T cell receptor-dependent manner. γδ T cell subpopulations in ruminants and swine can be distinguished based on differential expression of the hybrid co-receptor and pattern recognition receptors (PRR) known as workshop cluster 1 (WC1). Expression of various PRR and other innate-like immune receptors diversifies the antigen recognition potential of γδ T cells. Finally, γδ T cells in livestock are potent producers of critical master regulator cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, whose production orchestrates downstream cytokine and chemokine production by other cells, thereby shaping the immune response as a whole. Our knowledge of the biology, receptor expression and response to infectious diseases by swine γδ T cells is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Le Page
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Cynthia L Baldwin
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Janice C Telfer
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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27
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Gela A, Murphy M, Rodo M, Hadley K, Hanekom WA, Boom W, Johnson JL, Hoft DF, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff TH, Suliman S, Moody D, Lewinsohn DM, Hatherill M, Seshadri C, Nemes E, Scriba TJ, Briel L, Veldtsman H, Khomba N, Pienaar B, Africa H, Steyn M. Effects of BCG vaccination on donor unrestricted T cells in two prospective cohort studies. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103839. [PMID: 35149285 PMCID: PMC8842032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-protein antigen classes can be presented to T cells by near-monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules such as CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin 3A1. Such T cells, referred to as donor unrestricted T (DURT) cells, typically express stereotypic T cell receptors. The near-unrestricted nature of DURT cell antigen recognition is of particular interest for vaccine development, and we sought to define the roles of DURT cells, including MR1-restricted MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted glucose monomycolate (GMM)-specific T cells, CD1d-restricted NKT cells, and γδ T cells, in vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS We compared and characterized DURT cells following primary bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated infants, as well as before and after BCG-revaccination in adults. FINDINGS BCG (re)vaccination did not modulate peripheral blood frequencies, T cell activation or memory profiles of MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted GMM-specific and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) cells or CD1d-restricted NKT cells. By contrast, primary BCG vaccination was associated with increased frequencies of γδ T cells as well as a novel subset of CD26+CD161+TRAV1-2- IFN-γ-expressing CD4+ T cells in infants. INTERPRETATION Our findings, that most DURT cell populations were not modulated by BCG, do not preclude a role of BCG in modulating other qualitative aspects of DURT cells. More studies are required to understand the full potential of DURT cells in new TB vaccine strategies. FUNDING Aeras, the National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melissa Murphy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Hadley
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - W.Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John L. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Suliman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Libby Briel
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hellen Veldtsman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso Khomba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernadette Pienaar
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hadn Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcia Steyn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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28
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Pi J, Zhang Z, Yang E, Chen L, Zeng L, Chen Y, Wang R, Huang D, Fan S, Lin W, Shen H, Xu JF, Zeng G, Shen L. Nanocages engineered from Bacillus Calmette-Guerin facilitate protective Vγ2Vδ2 T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:36. [PMID: 35033108 PMCID: PMC8760571 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a top killer among infectious diseases. While Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the sole TB vaccine, the clumped-clustered features of BCG in intradermal immunization appear to limit both the BCG protection efficacy and the BCG vaccination safety. We hypothesize that engineering of clumped-clustered BCG into nanoscale particles would improve safety and also facilitate the antigen-presenting-cell (APC)’s uptake and the following processing/presentation for better anti-TB protective immunity. Here, we engineered BCG protoplasts into nanoscale membraned BCG particles, termed as “BCG-Nanocage” to enhance the anti-TB vaccination efficiency and safety. BCG-Nanocage could readily be ingested/taken by APC macrophages selectively; BCG-Nanocage-ingested macrophages exhibited better viability and developed similar antimicrobial responses with BCG-infected macrophages. BCG-Nanocage, like live BCG bacilli, exhibited the robust capability to activate and expand innate-like T effector cell populations of Vγ2+ T, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells of rhesus macaques in the ex vivo PBMC culture. BCG-Nanocage immunization of rhesus macaques elicited similar or stronger memory-like immune responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, as well as Vγ2Vδ2 T and CD4+/CD8+ T effectors compared to live BCG vaccination. BCG-Nanocage- immunized macaques developed rapidly-sustained pulmonary responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells upon Mtb challenge. Furthermore, BCG- and BCG-Nanocage- immunized macaques, but not saline controls, exhibited undetectable Mtb infection loads or TB lesions in the Mtb-challenged lung lobe and hilar lymph node at endpoint after challenge. Thus, the current study well justifies a large pre-clinical investigation to assess BCG-Nanocage for safe and efficacious anti-TB vaccination, which is expected to further develop novel vaccines or adjuvants. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingchan Zeng
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Records Management, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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29
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Ji N, Mukherjee N, Shu ZJ, Reyes RM, Meeks JJ, McConkey DJ, Gelfond JA, Curiel TJ, Svatek RS. γδ T Cells Support Antigen-Specific αβ T cell-Mediated Antitumor Responses during BCG Treatment for Bladder Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1491-1503. [PMID: 34607803 PMCID: PMC8691423 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most effective intravesical agent at reducing recurrence for patients with high-grade, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nevertheless, response to BCG is variable and strategies to boost BCG efficacy have not materialized. Prior work demonstrated a requirement for either conventional αβ or nonconventional γδ T cells in mediating BCG treatment efficacy, yet the importance of T-cell antigen specificity for BCG's treatment effect is unclear. Here, we provide direct evidence to show that BCG increases the number of tumor antigen-specific αβ T cells in patients with bladder cancer and protects mice from subsequent same-tumor challenge, supporting BCG induction of tumor-specific memory and protection. Adoptive T-cell transfers of antigen-specific αβ T cells into immunodeficient mice challenged with syngeneic MB49 bladder tumors showed that both tumor and BCG antigen-specific αβ T cells contributed to BCG efficacy. BCG-specific antitumor immunity, however, also required nonconventional γδ T cells. Prior work shows that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin induces the proliferation and effector function of γδ T cells. Here, rapamycin increased BCG efficacy against both mouse and human bladder cancer in vivo in a γδ T cell-dependent manner. Thus, γδ T cells augment antitumor adaptive immune effects of BCG and support rapamycin as a promising approach to boost BCG efficacy in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Ji
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Neelam Mukherjee
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zhen-Ju Shu
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ryan M Reyes
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Departments of Urology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David J McConkey
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan A Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas.
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas.
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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30
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Martini F, Champagne E. The Contribution of Human Herpes Viruses to γδ T Cell Mobilisation in Co-Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122372. [PMID: 34960641 PMCID: PMC8704314 DOI: 10.3390/v13122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are activated in viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Among viruses that promote γδ T cell mobilisation in humans, herpes viruses (HHVs) occupy a particular place since they infect the majority of the human population and persist indefinitely in the organism in a latent state. Thus, other infections should, in most instances, be considered co-infections, and the reactivation of HHV is a serious confounding factor in attributing γδ T cell alterations to a particular pathogen in human diseases. We review here the literature data on γδ T cell mobilisation in HHV infections and co-infections, and discuss the possible contribution of HHVs to γδ alterations observed in various infectious settings. As multiple infections seemingly mobilise overlapping γδ subsets, we also address the concept of possible cross-protection.
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31
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Nabi R, Lewin AC, Collantes TM, Chouljenko VN, Kousoulas KG. Intramuscular Vaccination With the HSV-1(VC2) Live-Attenuated Vaccine Strain Confers Protection Against Viral Ocular Immunopathogenesis Associated With γδT Cell Intracorneal Infiltration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:789454. [PMID: 34868077 PMCID: PMC8634438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) ocular infection is one of the leading causes of infectious blindness in developed countries. The resultant herpetic keratitis (HK) is caused by an exacerbated reaction of the adaptive immune response that persists beyond virus clearance causing substantial damage to the cornea. Intramuscular immunization of mice with the HSV-1(VC2) live-attenuated vaccine strain has been shown to protect mice against lethal ocular challenge. Herein, we show that following ocular challenge, VC2 vaccinated animals control ocular immunopathogenesis in the absence of neutralizing antibodies on ocular surfaces. Ocular protection is associated with enhanced intracorneal infiltration of γδ T cells compared to mock-vaccinated animals. The observed γδ T cellular infiltration was inversely proportional to the infiltration of neutrophils, the latter associated with exacerbated tissue damage. Inhibition of T cell migration into ocular tissues by the S1P receptors agonist FTY720 produced significant ocular disease in vaccinated mice and marked increase in neutrophil infiltration. These results indicate that ocular challenge of mice immunized with the VC2 vaccine induce a unique ocular mucosal response that leads into the infiltration of γδ T cells resulting in the amelioration of infection-associated immunopathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Cornea/immunology
- Cornea/pathology
- Cornea/virology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/virology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/immunology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/pathology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/prevention & control
- Keratitis, Herpetic/virology
- Lymphangiogenesis
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Nabi
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Andrew C. Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Therese M. Collantes
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Vladimir N. Chouljenko
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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32
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Xiang L, Meng X. Emerging cellular and molecular interactions between the lung microbiota and lung diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:577-610. [PMID: 34693852 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1992345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the lung microbiota, its study in both pulmonary health and disease has become a vibrant area of emerging research interest. Thus far, most studies have described the lung microbiota composition in lung disease quite well, and some of these studies indicated alterations in lung microbial communities related to the onset and development of lung disease and vice versa. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the cellular and molecular links, are still largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the lung microbiome interacts with immune homeostasis and pulmonary disease pathogenesis to advance our understanding of the elaborate function of the lung microbiota in lung disease. We hope that this work can attract more attention to this still-young yet very promising field to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and provide more innovative therapies. Additional accurate standard-based methodologies and technological breakthroughs are critical to propel the field forward to ultimately achieve the goal of maintaining respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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33
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Morrison AL, Sharpe S, White AD, Bodman-Smith M. Cheap and Commonplace: Making the Case for BCG and γδ T Cells in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743924. [PMID: 34567010 PMCID: PMC8455994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific vaccines developed for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate a remarkable achievement and are currently being used in high income countries with much success. However, new SARS-CoV-2 variants are threatening this success via mutations that lessen the efficacy of antigen-specific antibodies. One simple approach to assisting with this issue is focusing on strategies that build on the non-specific protection afforded by the innate immune response. The BCG vaccine has been shown to provide broad protection beyond tuberculosis disease, including against respiratory viruses, and ongoing studies are investigating its efficacy as a tool against SARS-CoV-2. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, particularly the Vδ2 subtype, undergo rapid expansion after BCG vaccination due to MHC-independent mechanisms. Consequently, γδ T cells can produce diverse defenses against virally infected cells, including direct cytotoxicity, death receptor ligands, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. They can also assist in stimulating the adaptive immune system. BCG is affordable, commonplace and non-specific, and therefore could be a useful tool to initiate innate protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, considerations must also be made to BCG vaccine supply and the prioritization of countries where it is most needed to combat tuberculosis first and foremost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Sharpe
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Choi H, Lee Y, Hur G, Lee SE, Cho HI, Sohn HJ, Cho BS, Kim HJ, Kim TG. γδ T cells cultured with artificial antigen-presenting cells and IL-2 show long-term proliferation and enhanced effector functions compared with γδ T cells cultured with only IL-2 after stimulation with zoledronic acid. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:908-917. [PMID: 34312069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunotherapeutic approaches using γδ T cells have emerged as the function of γδ T cells in tumor surveillance and clearance has been discovered. In vitro expansion methods of γ9δ2 T cells have been based on phosphoantigens and cytokines, but expansion methods using feeder cells to generate larger numbers of γδ T cells have also been studied recently. However, there are no studies that directly compare γδ T cells cultured with phosphoantigens with those cultured with feeder cells. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the expansion, characteristics and effector functions of γδ T cells stimulated with K562-based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) (aAPC-γδ T cells) and γδ T cells stimulated with only zoledronic acid (ZA) (ZA-γδ T cells). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with ZA for 7 days, and aAPC-γδ T cells were stimulated weekly with K562-based aAPCs expressing CD32, CD80, CD83, 4-1BBL, CD40L and CD70, whereas ZA-γδ T cells were stimulated with only IL-2. Cultured γδ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, activating receptors and checkpoint inhibitors. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was also performed to determine the difference in gene expression between aAPC-γδ T cells and ZA-γδ T cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed with calcein AM release assay, and in vivo anti-tumor effect was compared using a U937 xenograft model. RESULTS Fold expansion on day 21 was 690.7 ± 413.1 for ZA-γδ T cells and 1415.2 ± 1016.8 for aAPC- γδ T cells. Moreover, aAPC-γδ T cells showed continuous growth, whereas ZA-γδ T cells showed a decline in growth after day 21. The T-cell receptor Vγ9+δ2+ percentages (mean ± standard deviation) on day 21 were 90.0 ± 2.7% and 87.0 ± 4.5% for ZA-γδ T cells and aAPC-γδ T cells, respectively. CD25 and CD86 expression was significantly higher in aAPC-γδ T cells. In DEG analysis, aAPC-γδ T cells and ZA-γδ T cells formed distinct clusters, and aAPC-γδ T cells showed upregulation of genes associated with metabolism and cytokine pathways. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed superior anti-tumor effects of aAPC-γδ T cells compared with ZA-γδ T cells on Daudi, Raji and U937 cell lines. In addition, in the U937 xenograft model, aAPC-γδ T-cell treatment increased survival, and a higher frequency of aAPC-γδ T cells was shown in bone marrow compared with ZA-γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that aAPC-γδ T cells show long-term proliferation, enhanced activation and anti-tumor effects compared with ZA-γδ T cells and provides a basis for using aAPC-γδ T cells in further studies, including clinical applications and genetic engineering of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoun Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyung Lee
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Hur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- R&D Division, ViGenCell Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- R&D Division, ViGenCell Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Translational and Clinical Division, ViGenCell Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Wang F, Huang G, Shen L, Peng Y, Sha W, Chen ZW, Shen H. Genetics and Functional Mechanisms of STAT3 Polymorphisms in Human Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:669394. [PMID: 34307193 PMCID: PMC8294188 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.669394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays an important role in biological balance. Our and others previous studies implied that STAT3 had a great effect on fast-acting innate immunity against tuberculosis (TB). We hypothesized that stat3 SNP down-regulation of STAT3 leads to a change in susceptibility to TB in humans. To test this hypothesis, we investigated STAT3 SNPs using SNP scan™ technique in a case-control study of TB patients (n = 470) and HC subjects (n = 356), and then conducted functional studies of them using cellular models. We found that SNPs in STAT3 3`-UTR of rs1053004 TT and rs1053005 AA genotypes or T-A haplotype were associated with susceptibility to TB or TB severity. While the TT/AA genotype correlated with the low constitutive expression of stat3 and IL-17A in PBMC, the variant stat3 of rs1053004-rs1053005 T-A haplotype indeed reduced stat3 expression in reporter assays. Interestingly, host PBMC expressing the rs1053005 AA genotype and low constitutive stat3 exhibited the reduced ability to mount fast-acting innate immunity against mycobacterial infection in cellular models. Finally, mechanistic experiments showed that the STAT3 down-regulation broadly depressed STAT3 downstream anti-mycobacterial activities involving VDR-related CAMP pathway as well as IL-32, iNOS and autophagy mechanisms, leading to an enhanced mycobacterial infection. The findings of this study suggest that low constitutive stat3 derived from the TT/AA genotype/T-A haplotype acts to down-regulate STAT3, depressing multiple anti-mycobacterial pathways/mechanisms downstream, which leads to an enhanced mycobacterial infection or TB in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixian Huang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ying Peng
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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36
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Giri S, Lal G. Differentiation and functional plasticity of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells under homeostatic and disease conditions. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:138-149. [PMID: 34146759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a heterogeneous population of immune cells, which constitute <5% of total T cells in mice lymphoid tissue and human peripheral blood. However, they comprise a higher proportion of T cells in the epithelial and mucosal barrier, where they perform immune functions, help in tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. These tissues resident γδ T cells possess properties of innate and adaptive immune cells which enables them to perform a variety of functions during homeostasis and disease. Emerging data suggest the involvement of γδ T cells during transplant rejection and survival. Interestingly, several functions of γδ T cells can be modulated through their interaction with other immune cells. This review provides an overview of development, differentiation plasticity into regulatory and effector phenotypes of γδ T cells during homeostasis and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Giri
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India.
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37
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Caron J, Ridgley LA, Bodman-Smith M. How to Train Your Dragon: Harnessing Gamma Delta T Cells Antiviral Functions and Trained Immunity in a Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666983. [PMID: 33854516 PMCID: PMC8039298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of viruses with pandemic potential such as the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 poses a global health challenge. There is remarkable progress in vaccine technology in response to this threat, but their design often overlooks the innate arm of immunity. Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T cells with unique features that gives them a key role in the innate immune response to a variety of homeostatic alterations, from cancer to microbial infections. In the context of viral infection, a growing body of evidence shows that γδ T cells are particularly equipped for early virus detection, which triggers their subsequent activation, expansion and the fast deployment of antiviral functions such as direct cytotoxic pathways, secretion of cytokines, recruitment and activation of other immune cells and mobilization of a trained immunity memory program. As such, γδ T cells represent an attractive target to stimulate for a rapid and effective resolution of viral infections. Here, we review the known aspects of γδ T cells that make them crucial component of the immune response to viruses, and the ways that their antiviral potential can be harnessed to prevent or treat viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alice Ridgley
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Ravesloot-Chávez MM, Van Dis E, Stanley SA. The Innate Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:611-637. [PMID: 33637017 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates the course of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate the adaptive response and determine its characteristics. Macrophages are responsible both for exerting cell-intrinsic antimicrobial control and for initiating and maintaining inflammation. The inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis infection is a double-edged sword. While cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 are important for protection, either excessive or insufficient cytokine production results in progressive disease. Furthermore, neutrophils-cells normally associated with control of bacterial infection-are emerging as key drivers of a hyperinflammatory response that results in host mortality. The roles of other innate cells, including natural killer cells and innate-like T cells, remain enigmatic. Understanding the nuances of both cell-intrinsic control of infection and regulation of inflammation will be crucial for the successful development of host-targeted therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Van Dis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; ,
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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39
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Yap YA, McLeod KH, McKenzie CI, Gavin PG, Davalos-Salas M, Richards JL, Moore RJ, Lockett TJ, Clarke JM, Eng VV, Pearson JS, Hamilton-Williams EE, Mackay CR, Mariño E. An acetate-yielding diet imprints an immune and anti-microbial programme against enteric infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1233. [PMID: 33489123 PMCID: PMC7809703 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives During gastrointestinal infection, dysbiosis can result in decreased production of microbially derived short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In response to the presence of intestinal pathogens, we examined whether an engineered acetate‐ or butyrate‐releasing diet can rectify the deficiency of SCFAs and lead to the resolution of enteric infection. Methods We tested whether a high acetate‐ or butyrate‐producing diet (HAMSA or HAMSB, respectively) condition Citrobacterrodentium infection in mice and assess its impact on host‐microbiota interactions. We analysed the adaptive and innate immune responses, changes in gut microbiome function, epithelial barrier function and the molecular mechanism via metabolite sensing G protein‐coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and IL‐22 expression. Results HAMSA diet rectified the deficiency in acetate production and protected against enteric infection. Increased SCFAs affect the expression of pathogen virulence genes. HAMSA diet promoted compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota during infection similar to healthy microbiota from non‐infected mice. Bacterial changes were evidenced by the production of proteins involved in acetate utilisation, starch and sugar degradation, amino acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate transport and metabolism. HAMSA diet also induced changes in host proteins critical in glycolysis, wound healing such as GPX1 and epithelial architecture such as EZR1 and PFN1. Dietary acetate assisted in rapid epithelial repair, as shown by increased colonic Muc‐2, Il‐22, and anti‐microbial peptides. We found that acetate increased numbers of colonic IL‐22 producing TCRαβ+CD8αβ+ and TCRγδ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing GPR43. Conclusion HAMSA diet may be an effective therapeutic approach for fighting inflammation and enteric infections and offer a safe alternative that may impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Anne Yap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Keiran H McLeod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Patrick G Gavin
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Mercedes Davalos-Salas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - James L Richards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- Department of Microbiology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia.,School of Science RMIT University Bundoora VIC Australia
| | | | | | - Vik Ven Eng
- Department of Microbiology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Jaclyn S Pearson
- Department of Microbiology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Research Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Infection and Immunity Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton, Melbourne VIC Australia
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40
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Yang R, Mele F, Worley L, Langlais D, Rosain J, Benhsaien I, Elarabi H, Croft CA, Doisne JM, Zhang P, Weisshaar M, Jarrossay D, Latorre D, Shen Y, Han J, Ogishi M, Gruber C, Markle J, Al Ali F, Rahman M, Khan T, Seeleuthner Y, Kerner G, Husquin LT, Maclsaac JL, Jeljeli M, Errami A, Ailal F, Kobor MS, Oleaga-Quintas C, Roynard M, Bourgey M, El Baghdadi J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Puel A, Batteux F, Rozenberg F, Marr N, Pan-Hammarström Q, Bogunovic D, Quintana-Murci L, Carroll T, Ma CS, Abel L, Bousfiha A, Di Santo JP, Glimcher LH, Gros P, Tangye SG, Sallusto F, Bustamante J, Casanova JL. Human T-bet Governs Innate and Innate-like Adaptive IFN-γ Immunity against Mycobacteria. Cell 2020; 183:1826-1847.e31. [PMID: 33296702 PMCID: PMC7770098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of human interferon gamma (IFN-γ) immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report a patient with mycobacterial disease due to inherited deficiency of the transcription factor T-bet. The patient has extremely low counts of circulating Mycobacterium-reactive natural killer (NK), invariant NKT (iNKT), mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and Vδ2+ γδ T lymphocytes, and of Mycobacterium-non reactive classic TH1 lymphocytes, with the residual populations of these cells also producing abnormally small amounts of IFN-γ. Other lymphocyte subsets develop normally but produce low levels of IFN-γ, with the exception of CD8+ αβ T and non-classic CD4+ αβ TH1∗ lymphocytes, which produce IFN-γ normally in response to mycobacterial antigens. Human T-bet deficiency thus underlies mycobacterial disease by preventing the development of innate (NK) and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes (iNKT, MAIT, and Vδ2+ γδ T cells) and IFN-γ production by them, with mycobacterium-specific, IFN-γ-producing, purely adaptive CD8+ αβ T, and CD4+ αβ TH1∗ cells unable to compensate for this deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Federico Mele
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Worley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill University Genome Center, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ibithal Benhsaien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco; Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda Elarabi
- Pediatrics Department, Hassan II Hospital, 80030 Dakhla, Morocco
| | - Carys A Croft
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peng Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Weisshaar
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Jarrossay
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Latorre
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yichao Shen
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing Han
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Janet Markle
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, PO 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Taushif Khan
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, PO 26999, Qatar
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucas T Husquin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julia L Maclsaac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Immunology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AH-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Abderrahmane Errami
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ailal
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco; Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Manon Roynard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- McGill University Genome Center, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | | | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Immunology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AH-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Virology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AH-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, PO 26999, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, PO 34110, Qatar
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurent Abel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco; Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurie H Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philippe Gros
- McGill University Genome Center, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Children Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Clark BL, Thomas PG. A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8903. [PMID: 33255339 PMCID: PMC7727649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human immune system is exacerbated by age-related changes to immune cell functionality. Many of these age-related effects remain undescribed or driven by mechanisms that are poorly understood. γδ T cells, while considered an adaptive subset based on immunological ontogeny, retain both innate-like and adaptive-like characteristics. This T cell population is small but mighty, and has been implicated in both homeostatic and disease-induced immunity within tissues and throughout the periphery. In this review, we outline what is known about the effect of age on human peripheral γδ T cells, and call attention to areas of the field where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Clark
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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42
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Kumarasingha R, Ioannidis LJ, Abeysekera W, Studniberg S, Wijesurendra D, Mazhari R, Poole DP, Mueller I, Schofield L, Hansen DS, Eriksson EM. Transcriptional Memory-Like Imprints and Enhanced Functional Activity in γδ T Cells Following Resolution of Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582358. [PMID: 33154754 PMCID: PMC7591758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play an essential role in the immune response to many pathogens, including Plasmodium. However, long-lasting effects of infection on the γδ T cell population still remain inadequately understood. This study focused on assessing molecular and functional changes that persist in the γδ T cell population following resolution of malaria infection. We investigated transcriptional changes and memory-like functional capacity of malaria pre-exposed γδ T cells using a Plasmodiumchabaudi infection model. We show that multiple genes associated with effector function (chemokines, cytokines and cytotoxicity) and antigen-presentation were upregulated in P. chabaudi-exposed γδ T cells compared to γδ T cells from naïve mice. This transcriptional profile was positively correlated with profiles observed in conventional memory CD8+ T cells and was accompanied by enhanced reactivation upon secondary encounter with Plasmodium-infected red blood cells in vitro. Collectively our data demonstrate that Plasmodium exposure result in "memory-like imprints" in the γδ T cell population and also promotes γδ T cells that can support antigen-presentation during subsequent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Kumarasingha
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Ioannidis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Studniberg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dinidu Wijesurendra
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramin Mazhari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Louis Schofield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Diana S. Hansen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily M. Eriksson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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43
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Abstract
γδ T cells are a unique T cell subpopulation that are rare in secondary lymphoid organs but enriched in many peripheral tissues, such as the skin, intestines and lungs. By rapidly producing large amounts of cytokines, γδ T cells make key contributions to immune responses in these tissues. In addition to their immune surveillance activities, recent reports have unravelled exciting new roles for γδ T cells in steady-state tissue physiology, with functions ranging from the regulation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue to the control of neuronal synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Here, we review the roles of γδ T cells in tissue homeostasis and in surveillance of infection, aiming to illustrate their major impact on tissue integrity, tissue repair and immune protection.
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44
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Shen L, Huang D, Qaqish A, Frencher J, Yang R, Shen H, Chen ZW. Fast-acting γδ T-cell subpopulation and protective immunity against infections. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:254-263. [PMID: 33037700 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unique Vγ2Vδ2 (Vγ9Vδ2) T cells existing only in human and non-human primates, account for the majority of circulating γδ T cells in human adults. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are the sole γδ T-cell subpopulation capable of recognizing the microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) produced by selected pathogens during infections. Recent seminal studies in non-human primate models have demonstrated that the unique HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are fast-acting, multi-functional, and protective during infections. This article reviews the recent seminal observations of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in protective mechanisms against tuberculosis and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arwa Qaqish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Frencher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Tongji University Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Tongji University Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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45
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Kadri H, Taher TE, Xu Q, Sharif M, Ashby E, Bryan RT, Willcox BE, Mehellou Y. Aryloxy Diester Phosphonamidate Prodrugs of Phosphoantigens (ProPAgens) as Potent Activators of Vγ9/Vδ2 T-Cell Immune Responses. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11258-11270. [PMID: 32930595 PMCID: PMC7549095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells are activated by pyrophosphate-containing small molecules known as phosphoantigens (PAgs). The presence of the pyrophosphate group in these PAgs has limited their drug-like properties because of its instability and polar nature. In this work, we report a novel and short Grubbs olefin metathesis-mediated synthesis of methylene and difluoromethylene monophosphonate derivatives of the PAg (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBP) as well as their aryloxy diester phosphonamidate prodrugs, termed ProPAgens. These prodrugs showed excellent stability in human serum (t1/2 > 12 h) and potent activation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells (EC50 ranging from 5 fM to 73 nM), which translated into sub-nanomolar γδ T-cell-mediated eradication of bladder cancer cells in vitro. Additionally, a combination of in silico and in vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated the metabolism of these phosphonamidates to release the unmasked PAg monophosphonate species. Collectively, this work establishes HMBP monophosphonate ProPAgens as ideal candidates for further investigation as novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachemi Kadri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Taher E Taher
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Maria Sharif
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Ashby
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Youcef Mehellou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
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46
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Harnessing Unconventional T Cells for Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2107. [PMID: 33013888 PMCID: PMC7497315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been decreasing over the last years, the number of patients with TB is increasing worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB is making control of TB more difficult. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine fails to prevent pulmonary TB in adults, and there is an urgent need for a vaccine that is also effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Therefore, TB control may benefit on novel therapeutic options beyond antimicrobial treatment. Host-directed immunotherapies could offer therapeutic strategies for patients with drug-resistant TB or with HIV and TB coinfection. In the last years, the use of donor lymphocytes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has emerged as a new strategy in the cure of hematologic malignancies in order to induce graft-versus leukemia and graft-versus-infection effects. Moreover, adoptive therapy has proven to be effective in controlling cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in immunocompromised patients with ex vivo expanded viral antigen-specific T cells. Unconventional T cells are a heterogeneous group of T lymphocytes with limited diversity. One of their characteristics is that antigen recognition is not restricted by the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC). They include CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1)–restricted T cells, MHC-related protein-1–restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, MHC class Ib–reactive T cells, and γδ T cells. Because these T cells are genotype-independent, they are also termed “donor unrestricted” T cells. The combined features of low donor diversity and the lack of genetic restriction make these cells suitable candidates for T cell–based immunotherapy of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto D Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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47
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Papadopoulou M, Dimova T, Shey M, Briel L, Veldtsman H, Khomba N, Africa H, Steyn M, Hanekom WA, Scriba TJ, Nemes E, Vermijlen D. Fetal public Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expand and gain potent cytotoxic functions early after birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18638-18648. [PMID: 32665435 PMCID: PMC7414170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922595117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a major human blood γδ T cell population that respond in a T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent manner to phosphoantigens which are generated by a variety of microorganisms. It is not clear how Vγ9Vδ2 T cells react toward the sudden microbial exposure early after birth. We found that human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with a public/shared fetal-derived TCR repertoire expanded within 10 wk postpartum. Such an expansion was not observed in non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, which possessed a private TCR repertoire. Furthermore, only the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells differentiated into potent cytotoxic effector cells by 10 wk of age, despite their fetal origin. Both the expansion of public fetal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and their functional differentiation were not affected by newborn vaccination with the phosphoantigen-containing bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. These findings suggest a strong and early priming of the public fetal-derived Vγ9Vδ2 T cells promptly after birth, likely upon environmental phosphoantigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- U-CRI, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muki Shey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Libby Briel
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Helen Veldtsman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso Khomba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Hadn Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marcia Steyn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Observatory, South Africa
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- U-CRI, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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48
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Jabbarzare M, Njie M, Jaworowski A, Umbers AJ, Ome-Kaius M, Hasang W, Randall LM, Kalionis B, Rogerson SJ. Innate immune responses to malaria-infected erythrocytes in pregnant women: Effects of gravidity, malaria infection, and geographic location. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236375. [PMID: 32726331 PMCID: PMC7390391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy causes maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and maternal innate immune responses are implicated in pathogenesis of these complications. The effects of malaria exposure and obstetric and demographic factors on the early maternal immune response are poorly understood. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and phytohemagglutinin were compared between pregnant women from Papua New Guinea (malaria-exposed) with and without current malaria infection and from Australia (unexposed). Elicited levels of inflammatory cytokines at 48 h and 24 h (interferon γ, IFN-γ only) and the cellular sources of IFN-γ were analysed. RESULTS Among Papua New Guinean women, microscopic malaria at enrolment did not alter peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses. Compared to samples from Australia, cells from Papua New Guinean women secreted more inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and IFN-γ; p<0.001 for all assays, and more natural killer cells produced IFN-γ in response to infected erythrocytes and phytohemagglutinin. In both populations, cytokine responses were not affected by gravidity, except that in the Papua New Guinean cohort multigravid women had higher IFN-γ secretion at 24 h (p = 0.029) and an increased proportion of IFN-γ+ Vδ2 γδ T cells (p = 0.003). Cytokine levels elicited by a pregnancy malaria-specific CSA binding parasite line, CS2, were broadly similar to those elicited by CD36-binding line P6A1. CONCLUSIONS Geographic location and, to some extent, gravidity influence maternal innate immunity to malaria.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Australia/epidemiology
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Erythrocytes/pathology
- Female
- Gravidity/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/parasitology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/parasitology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Middle Aged
- Papua New Guinea/epidemiology
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/parasitology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Jabbarzare
- Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Madi Njie
- Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra J. Umbers
- Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise M. Randall
- Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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49
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Ogongo P, Steyn AJ, Karim F, Dullabh KJ, Awala I, Madansein R, Leslie A, Behar SM. Differential skewing of donor-unrestricted and γδ T cell repertoires in tuberculosis-infected human lungs. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:214-230. [PMID: 31763997 PMCID: PMC6934215 DOI: 10.1172/jci130711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells that recognize mycobacterial antigens are of great interest as potential vaccine targets against tuberculosis (TB). This includes donor-unrestricted T cells (DURTs), such as mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAITs), CD1-restricted T cells, and γδ T cells. We exploited the distinctive nature of DURTs and γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) to investigate the involvement of these T cells during TB in the human lung by global TCR sequencing. Making use of surgical lung resections, we investigated the distribution, frequency, and characteristics of TCRs in lung tissue and matched blood from individuals infected with TB. Despite depletion of MAITs and certain CD1-restricted T cells from the blood, we found that the DURT repertoire was well preserved in the lungs, irrespective of disease status or HIV coinfection. The TCRδ repertoire, in contrast, was highly skewed in the lungs, where it was dominated by Vδ1 and distinguished by highly localized clonal expansions, consistent with the nonrecirculating lung-resident γδ T cell population. These data show that repertoire sequencing is a powerful tool for tracking T cell subsets during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute and.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Kaylesh J Dullabh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ismael Awala
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute and.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune memory is essential for host defense against invaders and it is also used as a basis for vaccine development. For these reasons, it is crucial to understand its molecular basis. In this review, we describe recent findings on memory characteristics of innate-like lymphocytes and its contribution to host protection.(Figure is included in full-text article.) RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to adaptive immune cells, innate cells are also able to mount memory responses through a process called 'trained immunity.' Importantly, the lymphoid lineage is not restricted to cells carrying specific T-cell or B-cell receptors, but include cells with germline-encoded receptors. Recent studies show that these innate-like lymphocytes are able to generate efficient recall responses to reinfection. In different circumstances and depending on the cell type, innate-like lymphocyte memory can be antigen-specific or unspecific. Epigenetic changes accompany the generation of memory in these cells, but are still poorly defined. SUMMARY Immune memory is not restricted to antigen-specific cells, but also encompass different populations of innate immune cells. Innate-like lymphocytes embrace features of both innate and adaptive immune memory, and thus bridge adaptive and innate immune characteristics.
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