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Dale DC, Bolyard AA, Makaryan V. The promise of novel treatments for severe chronic neutropenia. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:1025-1033. [PMID: 37978893 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2285987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe chronic neutropenia, i.e. absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 0.5 × 109/L, is a serious health problem because it predisposes patients to recurrent bacterial infections. Management radically changed with the discovery that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) could be used to effectively treat most patients; therapy required regular subcutaneous injections. In the early days of G-CSF therapy, there were concerns that it might somehow overstimulate the bone marrow and cause myelodysplasia (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Detailed research records from the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR) indicate that this is a relatively low-risk event. The research records suggest that certain patient groups are primarily at risk. Presently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell therapy serves as an alternate form of therapy. AREAS COVERED Due to these concerns and the desire for an easy-to-take oral alternative, several new treatments are under investigation. These treatments include neutrophil elastase inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, mavorixafor - an oral CXCR4 inhibitor, gene therapy, and gene editing. EXPERT OPINION All of these alternatives to G-CSF are promising. The risks, relative benefits, and costs are yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Vahagn Makaryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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De Oliveira Brandao C, Lewis S, Sandschafer D, Crawford J. Two decades of pegfilgrastim: what have we learned? Where do we go from here? Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:707-718. [PMID: 36976784 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2196197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is a medical emergency that may occur in patients with malignancies receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. FN requires early therapeutic intervention since it is associated with increased hospitalizations and high mortality risk of 5%-20%. FN-related hospitalizations are higher in patients with myeloid malignancies than in those with solid tumors due to the myelotoxicity of chemotherapy regimens and the compromised bone marrow function. FN increases the burden of cancer by causing chemotherapy dose reductions and delays. The administration of the first granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), filgrastim, reduced the incidence and duration of FN in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Filgrastim later evolved into pegfilgrastim, which has a longer half-life than filgrastim and was associated with a lower rate of severe neutropenia, chemotherapy dose reduction, and treatment delay. Nine million patients have received pegfilgrastim since its approval in early 2002. The pegfilgrastim on-body injector (OBI) is an innovative device facilitating the time-released auto-injection of pegfilgrastim approximately 27 hours after chemotherapy, as clinically recommended for the prevention of FN, thus eliminating the need for a next-day hospital visit. Since its introduction in 2015, one million patients with cancer have received pegfilgrastim using the OBI. Subsequently, the device has been approved in the United States (US), European Union, Latin America, and Japan, with studies and a postmarketing commitment demonstrating device reliability. A recent prospective observational study conducted in the US demonstrated that the OBI substantially improved the adherence to and compliance with clinically recommended pegfilgrastim therapy; patients receiving pegfilgrastim via the OBI experienced a lower incidence of FN than those receiving alternatives for FN prophylaxis. This review discusses the evolution of G-CSFs leading to the development of the OBI, current recommendations for G-CSF prophylaxis in the clinic, continued evidence supporting next-day pegfilgrastim administration, and improvements in patient care made possible with the OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Lewis
- Global Research & Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Crawford
- Medical Oncology, Division of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Arad-Cohen N, Zeller B, Abrahamsson J, Fernandez Navarro JM, Cheuk D, Palmu S, Costa V, De Moerloose B, Hasle H, Jahnukainen K, Pronk CJ, Gísli Jónsson Ó, Kovalova Z, Lausen B, Munthe-Kaas M, Noren-Nyström U, Palle J, Pasauliene R, Saks K, Kaspers GJ. Supportive care in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia:Expert-based recommendations of the NOPHO-DB-SHIP consortium. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1183-1196. [PMID: 36191604 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2131544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common type of pediatric leukemia. Patients with AML are at high risk for several complications such as infections, typhlitis, and acute and long-term cardiotoxicity. Despite this knowledge, there are no definite supportive care guidelines as to what the best approach is to manage or prevent these complications. AREA COVERED The NOPHO-DB-SHIP (Nordic-Dutch-Belgian-Spain-Hong-Kong-Israel-Portugal) consortium, in preparation for a new trial in pediatric AML patients, had dedicated meetings for supportive care. In this review, the authors discuss the available data and outline recommendations for the management of children and adolescents with AML with an emphasis on hyperleukocytosis, tumor lysis syndrome, coagulation abnormalities and bleeding, infection, typhlitis, malnutrition, cardiotoxicity, and fertility preservation. EXPERT OPINION Improved supportive care has significantly contributed to increased cure rates. Recommendations on supportive care are an essential part of treatment for this highly susceptible population and will further improve their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Arad-Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bernward Zeller
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Cheuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Study Group (HKPHOSG), Hong Kong
| | - Sauli Palmu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vitor Costa
- Departament of Paediatrics, Instituto Português de Oncologia, FG-Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Zhanna Kovalova
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Birgitte Lausen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Munthe-Kaas
- Pediatric Department, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Josefine Palle
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramune Pasauliene
- Center of Oncology and Hematology, BMT unit, Vilnius University Children's Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kadri Saks
- Department of Paediatrics, SA Tallinna Lastehaigla, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Gertjan Jl Kaspers
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Minimally myelosuppressive regimen for remission induction in pediatric AML: long-term results of an observational study. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1837-1847. [PMID: 33787864 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment refusal and death as a result of toxicity account for most treatment failures among children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in resource-constrained settings. We recently reported the results of treating children with AML with a combination of low-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone or omacetaxine mepesuccinate with concurrent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (low-dose chemotherapy [LDC]) for remission induction followed by standard postremission strategies. We have now expanded the initial cohort and have provided long-term follow-up. Eighty-three patients with AML were treated with the LDC regimen. During the study period, another 100 children with AML received a standard-dose chemotherapy (SDC) regimen. Complete remission was attained in 88.8% and 86.4% of patients after induction in the LDC and SDC groups, respectively (P = .436). Twenty-two patients in the LDC group received SDC for the second induction course. Significantly more high-risk AML patients were treated with the SDC regimen (P = .035). There were no significant differences between the LDC and SDC groups in 5-year event-free survival (61.4% ± 8.7% vs 65.2% ± 7.4%, respectively; P = .462), overall survival (72.7% ± 6.9% vs 72.5% ± 6.2%, respectively; P = .933), and incidence of relapse (20.5% ± 4.5% vs 17.6% ± 3.9%, respectively; P = .484). Clearance of mutations based on the average variant allele frequency at complete remission in the LDC and SDC groups was 1.9% vs 0.6% (P < .001) after induction I and 0.17% vs 0.078% (P = .052) after induction II. In conclusion, our study corroborated the high remission rate reported for children with AML who received at least 1 course of LDC. The results, although preliminary, also suggest that long-term survival of these children is comparable to that of children who receive SDC regimens.
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Giannakoulas N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. The Role of Marrow Microenvironment in the Growth and Development of Malignant Plasma Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094462. [PMID: 33923357 PMCID: PMC8123209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma have been established in large clinical trials. However, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy despite significant therapeutic advances. Accumulating data have elucidated our understanding of the genetic background of the malignant plasma cells along with the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Currently, the interaction among myeloma cells and the components of the microenvironment are considered crucial in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and the extracellular matrix play a critical role in the interplay among genetically transformed clonal plasma cells and stromal cells, leading to the proliferation, progression and survival of myeloma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology of University Hospital of Larisa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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6
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An update on stem cells applications in burn wound healing. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101527. [PMID: 33756272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Burn wounds have proven to be capable of having a long lasting devastating effects on human body. Conventional therapeutic approaches are not up to the mark as they are unable to completely heal the burn wound easily and effectively. Major pitfalls of these treatments include hypertrophic scarring, contracture and necrosis. Presence of these limitations in the current therapies necessitate the search for a better and more efficient cure. Regenerative potency of stem cells in burn wound healing outweigh the traditional treatment procedures. The use of multiple kinds of stem cells are gaining interest due to their enhanced healing efficiency. Distinctions of stem cells include better and faster burn wound healing, decreased inflammation levels, less scar progression and fibrosis on site. In this review, we have discussed the wound-healing process, present methods used for stem cells administration, methods of enhancing stem cells potency and human studies. Pre-clinical and the clinical studies focused on the treatment of thermal and radiation burns using stem cells from 2003 till the present time have been enlisted. Studies shows that the use of stem cells on burn wounds, whether alone or by the help of a scaffold significantly improves healing. Homing of the stem cells at the wound site results in the re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, granulation, inhibition of apoptosis, and regeneration of skin appendages together with reduced infection rate in the human studies. Several studies on animals have shown that stem cells can effectively promote wound healing. Although more research is needed to find out the effectiveness of this treatment in patients with severe burn wounds.
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Abbasi AM, Shaikh U, Ali N, Haider MN. Fludarabine-based salvage therapy for refractory/relapsed acute leukemias: A single center experience. Leuk Res Rep 2021; 15:100235. [PMID: 33598399 PMCID: PMC7869002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Usman Shaikh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nadir Haider
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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8
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Hernandez Alvarez B, Skokowa J, Coles M, Mir P, Nasri M, Maksymenko K, Weidmann L, Rogers KW, Welte K, Lupas AN, Müller P, ElGamacy M. Design of novel granulopoietic proteins by topological rescaffolding. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000919. [PMID: 33351791 PMCID: PMC7755208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational protein design is rapidly becoming more powerful, and improving the accuracy of computational methods would greatly streamline protein engineering by eliminating the need for empirical optimization in the laboratory. In this work, we set out to design novel granulopoietic agents using a rescaffolding strategy with the goal of achieving simpler and more stable proteins. All of the 4 experimentally tested designs were folded, monomeric, and stable, while the 2 determined structures agreed with the design models within less than 2.5 Å. Despite the lack of significant topological or sequence similarity to their natural granulopoietic counterpart, 2 designs bound to the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor and exhibited potent, but delayed, in vitro proliferative activity in a G-CSF-dependent cell line. Interestingly, the designs also induced proliferation and differentiation of primary human hematopoietic stem cells into mature granulocytes, highlighting the utility of our approach to develop highly active therapeutic leads purely based on computational design. De novo designed cytokines that activate the G-CSF receptor show that the receptor-binding information can be encoded onto stable, miniaturised protein scaffolds that possess potent granulopoietic activity; such novel proteins provide for ideal candidates for protein-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Skokowa
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (ME)
| | - Murray Coles
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Perihan Mir
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Masoud Nasri
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Laura Weidmann
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Karl Welte
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei N. Lupas
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad ElGamacy
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society Tübingen, Germany
- Heliopolis Biotechnology Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JS); (ME)
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9
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cell depletion therapy targets IL-17A-expressing mammary carcinomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13343. [PMID: 32770025 PMCID: PMC7414122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive subtype of breast cancer but paradoxically associated with increased tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TNBC immunobiology are incompletely understood. Interleukin (IL)-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has both pro- and anti-tumor effects and found in 40-80% of TNBC samples. We report here that IL-17A mRNA and protein are detectable in some human TNBC cell lines and further upregulated by IL-23 and LPS stimulation. Furthermore, the impact of tumor-derived IL-17A in host immune response and tumor growth was examined using murine TNBC 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing IL-17A (AdIL-17A) or control vector (Addl). Compared to Addl-transduction, AdIL-17A-transduction enhanced 4T1 tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, which was associated with a marked expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, AdIL-17A-transduction also induced strong organ-specific and time-dependent immune activation indicated by dynamic changes of NK cells, B cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells in peripheral blood, lung, and tumor site, as well as the plasma levels of IFNγ. Such findings highlight that tumor-associated IL-17A induces concurrent immune activation and immune suppression. Administration of anti-Gr1 or anti-G-CSF antibody effectively depleted MDSCs in vivo, markedly reducing the growth of AdIL-17A-transduced 4T1 tumors, and eliminating lung metastasis. Collectively, our study demonstrates that MDSC depletion is an effective and practical approach for treating IL-17A-enriched mammary carcinomas.
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10
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Cassidy T, Humphries AR, Craig M, Mackey MC. Characterizing Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia and Monocytopenia Through Mathematical Modelling. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:104. [PMID: 32737602 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the recent focus on the development of novel targeted drugs to treat cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for the vast majority of patients. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is associated with high hematopoietic toxicity that may limit its efficacy. We have previously established potential strategies to mitigate chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (a lack of circulating neutrophils) using a mechanistic model of granulopoiesis to predict the interactions defining the neutrophil response to chemotherapy and to define optimal strategies for concurrent chemotherapy/prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we extend our analyses to include monocyte production by constructing and parameterizing a model of monocytopoiesis. Using data for neutrophil and monocyte concentrations during chemotherapy in a large cohort of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, we leveraged our model to determine the relationship between the monocyte and neutrophil nadirs during cyclic chemotherapy. We show that monocytopenia precedes neutropenia by 3 days, and rationalize the use of G-CSF during chemotherapy by establishing that the onset of monocytopenia can be used as a clinical marker for G-CSF dosing post-chemotherapy. This work therefore has important clinical applications as a comprehensive approach to understanding the relationship between monocyte and neutrophils after cyclic chemotherapy with or without G-CSF support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Cassidy
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Antony R Humphries
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. .,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Michael C Mackey
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, 3655 Drummond, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Physics, McGill University, 3655 Drummond, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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11
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Receptor-binding hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry as an additional measurement of biosimilarity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Dai J, Umrath F, Reinert S, Alexander D. Jaw Periosteal Cells Seeded in Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Inhibit Dendritic Cell Maturation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060887. [PMID: 32531991 PMCID: PMC7355649 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained attraction not only in the field of regenerative medicine but also in the field of autoimmune disease therapies or organ transplantation due to their immunoregulatory and/or immunosuppressive features. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune reactions by promoting antigen-specific T cell activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of human jaw periosteal progenitor cells (JPCs) seeded in beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds on monocyte-derived DC differentiation. Significantly lower numbers of differentiated DCs were observed in the presence of normal (Co) and osteogenically induced (Ob) JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly lower interleukin-12 subunit p35 (IL-12p35) and interleukin-12 receptor beta 2 (IL-12Rβ2) and pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in DCs under Ob conditions, while interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, in the presence of JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs, interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression was significantly induced in DCs, particularly under Ob conditions. Analysis of DC protein levels shows that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was significantly upregulated in coculture groups. Our results indicate that undifferentiated and osteogenically induced JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs have an overall inhibitory effect on monocyte-derived DC maturation.
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13
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Expression and one step intein-mediated purification of biologically active human G-CSF in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2861-2869. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Liu L, Liu Y, Yan X, Zhou C, Xiong X. The role of granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor in breast cancer development: A review. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2019-2029. [PMID: 32186767 PMCID: PMC7115204 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the hematopoietic growth factor family that primarily affects the neutrophil lineage. G-CSF serves as a powerful mobilizer of peripheral blood stem cells and recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) has been used to treat granulocytopenia and neutropenia after chemotherapy for cancer patients. However, recent studies have found that G-CSF plays an important role in cancer progression. G-CSF expression is increased in different types of cancer cells, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, invasive bladder carcinoma, glioma and breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether treatment with G-CSF has an adverse effect. The current review provides an overview of G-CSF in malignant breast cancer development and the data presented in this review are expected to provide new ideas for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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15
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Kondo T, Yumura S. Strategies for enhancing gene expression in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3825-3834. [PMID: 32125482 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is fundamental for cellular function. Upon manipulation of the mechanism of gene expression in Escherichia coli, various bioproducts have been developed that are valuable industrially and medically in the last four decades. To efficiently produce bioproducts, numerous molecular tools are used for enhancing expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. Our recent discovery identified a new approach that enhances the gene expression in E. coli using the gene sequence of the eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum. In this review, we highlight the current molecular strategies used for high-level gene expression techniques commonly utilized in basic and applied microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Kondo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Shigehiko Yumura
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
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Liver fibrosis and CD206 + macrophage accumulation are suppressed by anti-GM-CSF therapy. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100062. [PMID: 32039403 PMCID: PMC7005658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Chronic liver inflammation leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis and is associated with an accumulation of intrahepatic TNFα-secreting CD206+ macrophages, which may participate in maintaining chronic liver disease in a GM-CSF-dependent manner. We aimed to elucidate the exact role of GM-CSF in the development and progression of chronic liver disease. Methods Liver immunohistochemistry and serum quantification were performed in patients with viral and non-viral-related liver disease to compare CD206+ monocyte/macrophages, fibrosis and GM-CSF. This was followed by functional validations in vitro and in vivo in humanised mice. Results Using multiplex immunofluorescence and histo-cytometry, we show that highly fibrotic livers had a greater density of CD206+ macrophages that produced more TNFα and GM-CSF in the non-tumour liver regions of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 47), independent of aetiology. In addition, the absolute number of CD206+ macrophages strongly correlated with the absolute number of GM-CSF-producing macrophages. In non-HCC chronic HCV+ patients (n = 40), circulating GM-CSF levels were also increased in proportion to the degree of liver fibrosis and serum viral titres. We then demonstrated in vitro that monocytes converted to TNFα-producing CD206+ macrophage-like cells in response to bacterial products (lipopolysaccharide) in a GM-CSF-dependent manner, confirming the in vivo normalisation of serum GM-CSF concentration following oral antibiotic treatment observed in HBV-infected humanised mice. Finally, anti-GM-CSF neutralising antibody treatment reduced intrahepatic CD206+ macrophage accumulation and abolished liver fibrosis in HBV-infected humanised mice. Conclusions While the direct involvement of CD206+ macrophages in liver fibrosis remains to be demonstrated, these findings show that GM-CSF may play a central role in liver fibrosis and could guide the development of anti-GM-CSF antibody-based therapy for the management of patients with chronic liver disease. Lay summary Liver fibrosis is a major driver of liver disease progression. Herein, we have shown that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. Our findings support the use of anti-GM-CSF neutralising antibodies for the management of patients with chronic liver disease resulting from both viral and non-viral causes. GM-CSF and TNFα producing CD206+ macrophages accumulate in human fibrotic liver Serum GM-CSF is increased in HCV+ patients with higher liver fibrosis GM-CSF drives monocyte to CD206+ macrophage conversion Anti-GM-CSF therapy suppresses liver fibrosis and CD206+ macrophage accumulation
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- BAMBI, BMP and Activin Membrane-bound Inhibitor
- CD206+ macrophages
- DAA, direct-acting antiviral
- DC, dendritic cell
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- GM-CSF
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV
- HIER, heat-induced epitope retrieval
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- ICS, intracellular cytokine staining
- Intrahepatic macrophages
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LSM, liver stiffness measurement
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SVR, sustained virological response
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TMA, tissue microarray
- TNFα, tumour necrosis factor-α
- TSA, tyramide signal amplification
- anti-GM-CSF neutralizing antibody
- fibrosis
- moMΦs, monocyte-derived macrophage-like cells
- t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding
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Arad-Cohen N, Rowe JM, Shachor-Meyouhas Y. Pharmacological prophylaxis of infection in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:193-205. [PMID: 31914337 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pediatric patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at high risk of developing severe infectious complications. The choice of an optimum supportive treatment should be based on local epidemiology, as well as intensity and toxicity of the anti-leukemic therapy applied.Areas covered: This review presents an overview of recently published studies focusing on the prevention of infection in pediatric AML patients. PubMed has been systematically searched for clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses published in the last 10 years. The focus of this article will be limited to primary prophylaxis only, while secondary prophylaxis is beyond the scope of the current review.Expert opinion: Although anti-bacterial agents may decrease the bacterial infection burden, there is no consensus regarding prophylactic use. To that end, there is a need for further randomized controlled trials to establish the precise role of anti-bacterial prophylaxis in pediatric AML patients. The prophylactic use of anti-fungal agents is strongly recommended for all AML patients. Since the contribution of hematopoietic growth factors to improved survival has not been demonstrated, they should not be routinely applied. Decisions regarding an appropriate prophylactic strategy should be taken in collaboration with the infectious disease experts and pharmacology team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Arad-Cohen
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob M Rowe
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Shachor-Meyouhas
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital Haifa, Israel
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18
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Dale DC, Bolyard AA, Steele LA, Zeidler C, Welte K. Registries for study of nonmalignant hematological diseases: the example of the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 27:18-26. [PMID: 31764167 PMCID: PMC7236759 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Registries provide 'real world' perspectives on the natural history and outcomes for many clinical conditions. The purpose of this review is to identify registries for nonmalignant hematological disease and to describe the operation of a successful long-term registry for patients with severe chronic neutropenia. RECENT FINDINGS There was an upswing in registries about 20 years ago, based on optimism about their utility to improve patient care. To show value, registries must define outcomes for populations of patients with specific medical conditions and the effects of treatment. This is challenging for many reasons. The Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry is an example of a successful registry. This report describes underlying reasons for its success. SUMMARY Registries are important to organize and analyze clinical information across geographic, ethnic and social boundaries. They are also challenging to organize, administer and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Dale
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Audrey Anna Bolyard
- University of Washington, Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tübingen, Germany
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Apparent degradation forms of rhG-CSF under forced conditions: Insights for better quality-control of bioproducts. Anal Biochem 2019; 586:113440. [PMID: 31533024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stability and quality control of therapeutic protein formulations is a substantial part of drug development process. The objective of this study is to obtain information about stability of a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) against various stress factors. This will play a crucial role in the finished product formulation development. In this study, rhG-CSF was exposed to various chemical and physical stress conditions at different levels in order to identify degradation pathways and the nature of impurities generated. Experiments were performed by a combination of orthogonal analytical techniques (reversed phase chromatography (RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF)) to set and characterize the different degraded samples. The SEC-HPLC results suggest that the major degradation factors generating aggregated forms of the protein are basically thermal stress, freeze-thaw cycles and vortexing. Meanwhile, deamidated rhG-CSF was induced by basic pH as shown by IEF electrophoregram. As well, oxidized forms were generated increasingly with the time of exposure to hydrogen peroxide as outlined by RP-HPLC analysis. Based on these results, it was possible to define the storage and handling conditions of rhG-CSF finished product during its shelf life.
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20
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Shekhawat R, Shah CK, Patel A, Srinivasan S, Kapoor P, Patel S, Kumar S, Sonar S, More N, Joshi M, Patel J, Vachhani M, Kodaganti BP, Choavatiya U, Pushpaja A, Argade S, Nuwal N, Kumar M, Khambhampaty S. Structural similarity, characterization of Poly Ethylene Glycol linkage and identification of product related variants in biosimilar pegfilgrastim. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212622. [PMID: 30865643 PMCID: PMC6415886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of biosimilars requires demonstration of biosimilarity, which rests on the base of thorough analytical characterization of the biosimilar product. In addition to demonstration of biosimilarity, the product related impurities need to be thoroughly characterized and controlled at minimal levels. Pegylation of peptides and proteins creates significant challenges for detailed structural characterization, such as PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol) heterogeneity, site of addition and number of attached pegylated moieties. A combination of several methods including circular dichroism, FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy), fluorescence spectroscopy, DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), Edman degradation and peptide mapping by LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) were used for characterization of N-terminally pegylated filgrastim. Product related impurities such as oxidized, reduced, deamidated, dipegylated variants and monopegylated positional isomers have been characterized in detail using various HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) based methods and LC-MS techniques. The functional characterization in terms of receptor binding and cell proliferation assay was conducted for the similarity assessment and the potential impact of the product variants on the in vitro biological activity has also been assessed. In summary, this study presents, for the first time, a detailed structural and molecular level characterization of a biosimilar pegfilgrastim providing a strong base for the demonstration of overall biosimilarity of the product with the innovator product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Shekhawat
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chintan Kumar Shah
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Akash Patel
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Srinivasan
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Poonam Kapoor
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Suvaskumar Patel
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sharwan Kumar
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandeep Sonar
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Namrata More
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manasvi Joshi
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jatin Patel
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Milan Vachhani
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhargav Prasad Kodaganti
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Upasana Choavatiya
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Arabhi Pushpaja
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shubhangi Argade
- CMC Technical writing team, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Nuwal
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sridevi Khambhampaty
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Biocharacterization Development Laboratory, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- CMC Technical writing team, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
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21
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Galvão KN, Higgins CH, Zinicola M, Jeon SJ, Korzec H, Bicalho RC. Effect of pegbovigrastim administration on the microbiome found in the vagina of cows postpartum. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3439-3451. [PMID: 30799104 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pegbovigrastim (PEG) treatment of peripartum Holstein cows on the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A subset of cows was randomly sampled from a larger study where cows had been randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: pegbovigrastim (PEG) or untreated control (CTR). The PEG-treated cows received a subcutaneous injection containing 15 mg of pegbovigrastim 7 d before expected calving and a second injection within 24 h of calving. Vaginal samples from 97 PEG-treated and 98 CTR cows were collected at calving, 7 ± 3, and 35 ± 3 d in milk (0, 7, and 35 DIM). Metritis was diagnosed at 7 ± 3 DIM and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 35 ± 3 DIM. The PEG treatment did not alter the vaginal microbiome. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that metritic cows had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop metritis, particularly at 7 but also at 35 DIM. This difference was characterized by higher relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Bacteroides and a lower relative abundance of Ureaplasma, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales at 7 DIM, and a higher relative abundance of Ureaplasma and a lower relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae at 35 DIM. Based on PCoA, we observed that cows that developed PVD had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop PVD, particularly at 35 DIM but also at 7 DIM. This difference was characterized by a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides at 7 DIM and higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 35 DIM. Cows that developed metritis and PVD also had higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 0 DIM. Furthermore, the Chao1 and Shannon indices were decreased in metritic cows at 7 DIM and in PVD cows at 7 and 35 DIM. In summary, PEG treatment had no effect on the vaginal microbiome, and uterine disease was associated with major changes in the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C H Higgins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M Zinicola
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - H Korzec
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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22
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TLR2 agonism reverses chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Macaca fascicularis. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2553-2562. [PMID: 29296907 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutropenia is a common consequence of radiation and chemotherapy in cancer patients. The resulting immunocompromised patients become highly susceptible to potentially life-threatening infections. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to stimulate neutrophil production and is widely used as a treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. A small-molecule G-CSF secretagogue without a requirement for refrigerated supply chain would offer a more convenient and cost-effective treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Bacterial lipopeptides activate innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and induce the release of cytokines, including G-CSF, from macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial. Pam2CSK4 is a synthetic lipopeptide that effectively mimics bacterial lipoproteins known to activate TLR2 receptor signaling through the TLR2/6 heterodimer. Substrate-based drug design led to the discovery of GSK3277329, which stimulated the release of G-CSF in activated THP-1 cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. When administered subcutaneously to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), GSK3277329 caused systemic elevation of G-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but not IL-1β or tumor necrosis factor α, indicating a selective cytokine-stimulation profile. Repeat daily injections of GSK3277329 in healthy monkeys also raised circulating neutrophils above the normal range over a 1-week treatment period. More importantly, repeated daily injections of GSK3277329 over a 2-week period restored neutrophil loss in monkeys given chemotherapy treatment (cyclophosphamide, Cytoxan). These data demonstrate preclinical in vivo proof of concept that TLR2 agonism can drive both G-CSF induction and subsequent neutrophil elevation in the cynomolgus monkey and could be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
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23
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Mondello P, Cuzzocrea S, Navarra M, Mian M. Bone marrow micro-environment is a crucial player for myelomagenesis and disease progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20394-20409. [PMID: 28099912 PMCID: PMC5386771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advent of many therapeutic agents, such as bortezomib and lenalidomide that have significantly improved the overall survival, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Failure to cure is multifactorial and can be attributed to the underlying genetic heterogeneity of the cancer and to the surrounding micro-environment. Understanding the mutual interaction between myeloma cells and micro-environment may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies able to eradicate this disease. In this review we discuss the principal molecules involved in the micro-environment network in multiple myeloma and the currently available therapies targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mondello
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael Mian
- Department of Hematology and Center of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenias are a heterogeneous group of rare haematological diseases characterized by impaired maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Patients with severe congenital neutropenia are prone to recurrent, often life-threatening infections beginning in their first months of life. The most frequent pathogenic defects are autosomal dominant mutations in ELANE, which encodes neutrophil elastase, and autosomal recessive mutations in HAX1, whose product contributes to the activation of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signalling pathway. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions are the object of extensive research and are not fully understood. Furthermore, severe congenital neutropenias may predispose to myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia. Molecular events in the malignant progression include acquired mutations in CSF3R (encoding G-CSF receptor) and subsequently in other leukaemia-associated genes (such as RUNX1) in a majority of patients. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, blood neutrophil count, bone marrow examination and genetic and immunological analyses. Daily subcutaneous G-CSF administration is the treatment of choice and leads to a substantial increase in blood neutrophil count, reduction of infections and drastic improvement of quality of life. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the alternative treatment. Regular clinical assessments (including yearly bone marrow examinations) to monitor treatment course and detect chromosomal abnormalities (for example, monosomy 7 and trisomy 21) as well as somatic pre-leukaemic mutations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skokowa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David C Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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25
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Brinson RG, Ghasriani H, Hodgson DJ, Adams KM, McEwen I, Freedberg DI, Chen K, Keire DA, Aubin Y, Marino JP. Application of 2D-NMR with room temperature NMR probes for the assessment of the higher order structure of filgrastim. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:229-233. [PMID: 28454057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The higher order structure (HOS) of biotherapeutics is a critical quality attribute that can be evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at atomic resolution. NMR spectral mapping of HOS can be used to establish HOS consistency of a biologic across manufacturing changes or to compare a biosimilar to an innovator reference product. A previous inter-laboratory study performed using filgrastim drug products demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D)-NMR 1HN-15NH heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is a highly robust and precise method for mapping the HOS of biologic drugs at natural abundance using high sensitivity NMR 'cold probes.' Here, the applicability of the 2D-NMR method to fingerprint the HOS of filgrastim products is demonstrated using lower sensitivity, room temperature NMR probes. Combined chemical shift deviation and principal component analysis are used to illustrate the performance and inter-laboratory precision of the 2D-NMR method when implemented on room temperature probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Brinson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Houman Ghasriani
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Derek J Hodgson
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kristie M Adams
- United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, United States
| | - Ian McEwen
- Medical Products Agency of Sweden, P.O. Box 26 SE-75103, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Darón I Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, United States
| | - Kang Chen
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - David A Keire
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - Yves Aubin
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - John P Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
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26
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Jones DS, Jenney AP, Swantek JL, Burke JM, Lauffenburger DA, Sorger PK. Profiling drugs for rheumatoid arthritis that inhibit synovial fibroblast activation. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 13:38-45. [PMID: 27820799 PMCID: PMC5372219 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of synovial fibroblasts (SF) contributes to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by damaging synovial membranes and generating inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells to the joint. In this paper we profile cytokine secretion by primary human SF from normal and RA donors and show that SF activation by TNFα, IL–1α, and Poly(I:C) causes secretion of multiple cytokines found at high levels in RA synovial fluids. We use interaction multi-linear regression to quantify therapeutic and counter–therapeutic drug effects across activators and patient donors and find that the ability of drugs to block SF activation is strongly dependent on the identity of the activating cytokine. (5z)–7–oxozeaenol (5ZO), a pre–clinical drug whose primary target is transforming growth factor β–associated kinase 1 (TAK1), is more effective at blocking SF activation across all contexts than the approved drug tofacitinib, arguing for development of molecules similar to 5ZO as RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Jones
- HMS LINCS Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne P Jenney
- HMS LINCS Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer L Swantek
- Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - John M Burke
- Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.,Systems Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- HMS LINCS Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Karimi Z, Nezafat N, Negahdaripour M, Berenjian A, Hemmati S, Ghasemi Y. The effect of rare codons following the ATG start codon on expression of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 114:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Levy MJ, Gucinski AC, Boyne MT. Primary Sequence Confirmation of a Protein Therapeutic Using Top Down MS/MS and MS3. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6995-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaella J. Levy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of
Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Ashley C. Gucinski
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of
Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Michael T. Boyne
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of
Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Banks DD, Zhang J, Siska CC. Relationship between Native-State Solubility and Non-Native Aggregation of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor: Practical Implications for Protein Therapeutic Development. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3431-42. [PMID: 25144791 DOI: 10.1021/mp500165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D. Banks
- Department of Process and
Product Development, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119-3105, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Process and
Product Development, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119-3105, United States
| | - Christine C. Siska
- Department of Process and
Product Development, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119-3105, United States
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Ohara K, Lin CC, Yang PJ, Hung WT, Yang WB, Cheng TJR, Fang JM, Wong CH. Synthesis and Bioactivity of β-(1→4)-Linked Oligomannoses and Partially Acetylated Derivatives. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6390-411. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4005266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Ohara
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Yang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hung
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Jim-Min Fang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Zhao YJ, Zhai YQ, Su ZG, Ma GH. Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) thiosulfonate: new activated polymer derivatives for thiol-specific modification. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The four colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are glycoproteins that regulate the generation and some functions of infection-protective granulocytes and macrophages. Recombinant granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) have now been used to increase dangerously low white blood cell levels in many millions of cancer patients following chemotherapy. These CSFs also release haematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood, and these cells have now largely replaced bone marrow as more effective populations for transplantation to cancer patients who have treatment-induced bone marrow damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Morris PG, McArthur HL, Hudis C, Norton L. Dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer: what does the future hold? Future Oncol 2010; 6:951-65. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last several decades adjuvant polychemotherapy for breast cancer has evolved with the development of anthracyclines and taxanes. Parallel to these developments, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor support has permitted the safe delivery of chemotherapy at shorter (‘dose-dense’) intertreatment intervals, which, as predicted by preclinical models, has further improved survival. Recently, insights into tumor biology have led the development of targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab for HER2-positive disease, and this has now been successfully incorporated into dose-dense therapy. Newer targeted agents may be similarly incorporated into dose-dense regimens to further improve patient outcomes. This article reviews dose-dense therapy and discusses its role as a chemotherapy foundation for additional targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clifford Hudis
- Evelyn H Lauder Breast Center, 300 E 66th St, New York, NY 10065. USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Evelyn H Lauder Breast Center, 300 E 66th St, New York, NY 10065. USA
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Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used in the clinic for more than 2 decades to treat congenital and acquired neutropenias and to reduce febrile neutropenia before or during courses of intensive cytoreductive therapy. In addition, healthy stem cell donors receive short-term treatment with G-CSF for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. G-CSF has also been applied in priming strategies designed to enhance the sensitivity of leukemia stem cells to cytotoxic agents, in protocols aimed to induce their differentiation and accompanying growth arrest and cell death, and in severe aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to alleviate anemia. The potential adverse effects of G-CSF administration, particularly the risk of malignant transformation, have fueled ongoing debates, some of which can only be settled in follow-up studies extending over several decades. This specifically applies to children with severe congenital neutropenia who receive lifelong treatment with G-CSF and in which the high susceptibility to develop MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has now become a major clinical concern. Here, we will highlight some of the controversies and challenges regarding the clinical application of G-CSF and discuss a possible role of G-CSF in malignant transformation, particularly in patients with neutropenia harboring mutations in the gene encoding the G-CSF receptor.
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Gascon P, Fuhr U, Sörgel F, Kinzig-Schippers M, Makhson A, Balser S, Einmahl S, Muenzberg M. Development of a new G-CSF product based on biosimilarity assessment. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:1419-1429. [PMID: 20019087 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zarzio, a new recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim), was evaluated in healthy volunteers and neutropenic patients in phase I and III studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Healthy volunteers in randomized, two-period crossover studies received single- and multiple-dose s.c. injections of 1 microg/kg (n = 24), 2.5 microg/kg (n = 28), 5 microg/kg (n = 28), or 10 microg/kg (n = 40), as well as single-dose i.v. infusions of 5 microg/kg (n = 26), of Zarzio or the reference product (Neupogen). Filgrastim serum levels were monitored; pharmacodynamic parameters were absolute neutrophil count (all studies) and CD34(+) cells (multiple-dose studies). Supportive efficacy and safety data were obtained from an open phase III study in 170 breast cancer patients undergoing four cycles of doxorubicin and docetaxel (Taxotere) chemotherapy, receiving Zarzio (300 or 480 microg) as primary prophylaxis of severe neutropenia. RESULTS The results of the studies in healthy volunteers confirm the comparability of the test and reference products with respect to their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Confidence intervals were within the predefined equivalence boundaries. In the phase III study in breast cancer patients, the administration of Zarzio was efficacious and safe, triggering no immunogenicity. CONCLUSION The results of these studies demonstrate the biosimilarity of Zarzio with its reference product Neupogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gascon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - U Fuhr
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Itecra GmbH & Co. KG, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Sörgel
- IBMP - Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Kinzig-Schippers
- IBMP - Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - A Makhson
- Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Balser
- Sandoz International GmbH, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | - S Einmahl
- Triskel Integrated Services, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Muenzberg
- Sandoz International GmbH, Holzkirchen, Germany.
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Ria R, Gasparre T, Mangialardi G, Bruno A, Iodice G, Vacca A, Dammacco F. Comparison between filgrastim and lenograstim plus chemotherapy for mobilization of PBPCs. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 45:277-81. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Chuang KH, Altuwaijri S, Li G, Lai JJ, Chu CY, Lai KP, Lin HY, Hsu JW, Keng P, Wu MC, Chang C. Neutropenia with impaired host defense against microbial infection in mice lacking androgen receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1181-99. [PMID: 19414555 PMCID: PMC2715023 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the major phagocytes that form the first line of cell-mediated defense against microbial infection, are produced in the bone marrow and released into the circulation in response to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we report that androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice are neutropenic and susceptible to acute bacterial infection, whereas castration only results in moderate neutrophil reduction in mice and humans. Androgen supplement can restore neutrophil counts via stabilizing AR in castrated mice, but not in ARKO and testicular feminization mutant (Tfm) mice. Our results show that deletion of the AR gene does not influence myeloid lineage commitment, but significantly reduces the proliferative activity of neutrophil precursors and retards neutrophil maturation. CXCR2-dependent migration is also decreased in ARKO neutrophils as compared with wild-type controls. G-CSF is unable to delay apoptosis in ARKO neutrophils, and ARKO mice show a poor granulopoietic response to exogenous G-CSF injection. In addition, AR can restore G-CSF–dependent granulocytic differentiation upon transduction into ARKO progenitors. We further found that AR augments G-CSF signaling by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and also by sustaining Stat3 activity via diminishing the inhibitory binding of PIAS3 to Stat3. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an essential role for AR in granulopoiesis and host defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) was first described just over 50 years ago. The progress in elucidating the clinical features and molecular pathophysiology of SCN closely parallels the progressive growth in our understanding of myelopoiesis. In this historical review, I have delineated this parallel progression in our understanding of the processes of granulocyte differentiation and the pathogenesis of congenital neutropenia. SCN is a heterogeneous disease that can serve as a model for the failure of myelopoiesis, and dissection of its pathogenesis has yielded important insights into the normal process of myeloid development.
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Abstract
The production of hematopoietic cells is under the tight control of a group of hematopoietic cytokines. Each cytokine has multiple actions mediated by receptors whose cytoplasmic domains contain specialized regions initiating the various responses-survival, proliferation, differentiation commitment, maturation, and functional activation. Individual cytokines can be lineage specific or can regulate cells in multiple lineages, and for some cell types, such as stem cells or megakaryocyte progenitors, the simultaneous action of multiple cytokines is required for proliferative responses. The same cytokines control basal and emergency hematopoietic cell proliferation. Three cytokines, erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, have now been in routine clinical use to stimulate cell production and in total have been used in the management of many millions of patients. In this little review, discussion will be restricted to those cytokines well established as influencing the production of hematopoietic cells and will exclude newer candidate regulators and those active on lymphoid cells. As requested, this account will describe the cytokines in a historical manner, using a sequential format of discovery, understanding, validation, and puzzlement, a sequence that reflects the evolving views on these cytokines over the past 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.
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41
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Pan B, Abel J, Ricci MS, Brems DN, Wang DIC, Trout BL. Comparative oxidation studies of methionine residues reflect a structural effect on chemical kinetics in rhG-CSF. Biochemistry 2008; 45:15430-43. [PMID: 17176065 DOI: 10.1021/bi061855c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of protein conformation on the rate of chemical degradation is poorly understood. To address the role of structure on chemical degradation kinetics, comparative oxidation studies of methionine residues in recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were performed. The kinetics of oxidation of methionine residues by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rhG-CSF and corresponding chemically synthesized peptides thereof was measured at different temperatures. To assess structural effects, equilibrium denaturation experiments also were conducted on rhG-CSF, yielding the free energy of unfolding as a function of temperature. A comparison of the relative rates of oxidation of methionine residues in short peptides with those of corresponding methionine residues in rhG-CSF yields an understanding of how protein tertiary structure affects oxidation reactions. For the temperature range that was studied, 4-45 degrees C, the oxidation rate constants followed an Arrhenius equation quite well, suggesting the lack of temperature-induced local structural perturbations that affect chemical degradation rates. One of the four methionine residues, Met 122, exhibited an activation energy significantly different from that of the corresponding peptide. Extrapolation of kinetic data predicts non-Arrhenius behavior around the melting temperature. Three phenomenological models based on different mechanisms are discussed, and an application to shelf life prediction of pharmaceuticals is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room E19-502B, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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42
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Gordon BC, Revenis AM, Bonifacino AC, Sander WE, Metzger ME, Krouse AE, Usherson TN, Donahue RE. Paradoxical drop in circulating neutrophil count following granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and stem cell factor administration in rhesus macaques. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:872-8. [PMID: 17533041 PMCID: PMC1949039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is frequently used therapeutically to treat chronic or transient neutropenia and to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells. Shortly following G-CSF administration, we observed a dramatic transient drop in circulating neutrophil number. This article characterizes this effect in a rhesus macaque animal model. METHODS Hematologic changes were monitored following subcutaneous (SQ) administration of G-CSF. G-CSF was administered as a single SQ dose at 10 microg/kg or 50 microg/kg. It was also administered (10 microg/kg) in combination with stem cell factor (SCF; 200 microg/kg) over 5 days. Flow cytometry was performed on serial blood samples to detect changes in cell surface adhesion protein expression. RESULTS Neutrophil count dramatically declined 30 minutes after G-CSF administration. This decline was observed whether 10 microg/kg G-CSF was administered in combination with SCF over 5 days, or given as a single 10 microg/kg dose. At a single 50 microg/kg dose, the decline accelerated to 15 minutes. Neutrophil count returned to baseline after 120 minutes and rapidly increased thereafter. An increase in CD11a and CD49d expression coincided with the drop in neutrophil count. CONCLUSION A transient paradoxical decline in neutrophil count was observed following administration of G-CSF either alone or in combination with SCF. This decline accelerated with the administration of a higher dose of G-CSF and was associated with an increase in CD11a and CD49d expression. It remains to be determined whether this decline in circulating neutrophils is associated with an increase in endothelial margination and/or entrance into extravascular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent C Gordon
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Zuperl S, Pristovsek P, Menart V, Gaberc-Porekar V, Novic M. Chemometric approach in quantification of structural identity/similarity of proteins in biopharmaceuticals. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:737-43. [PMID: 17458952 DOI: 10.1021/ci6005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a chemometrics study in which we show the identity or degree of similarity of 3D protein structures of various G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) isolates. The G-CSF isolates share the same amino acid sequence, but the preparation was carried out by somehow diverse technologies. The comparison of 3D structures was made on the basis of 2D NMR NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy) spectra of proteins. In searching for the most appropriate criteria to determine the identity or degree of similarity of selected spectral regions of different isolates, two methods for quantitative evaluation of identity/similarity were used. The first method compares all peaks in the two investigated protein spectral regions; the extent of peaks that overlap is determined. The second method includes spectral invariants originating from graph theory. The criteria of identity/similarity were calculated from graphs, derived from a collection of up to 200 peaks of investigated 2D NMR spectral region. The peaks were linked into a graph according to the sequential nearest neighborhoods. According to the first method all peaks were relevant, considering that spectral noise was previously removed; the largest similarity was found between the protein of a commercially available G-CSF drug and one of the three new isolates produced in the laboratory. The second method indicated that the pairwise similarity of the three new isolates is larger than the similarity of any of the new isolates with the commercially available drug. This is an expected result taking into account that the new isolates are produced by the same technology, while the commercial product has additives for long-term storage that could not be completely compensated. The proposed measure of similarity may help the developers of biosimilar products to optimize the controllable parameters of the production technology and eventually to argue the identity of the new isolate in comparison with the originator commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zuperl
- Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bohn G, Allroth A, Brandes G, Thiel J, Glocker E, Schäffer AA, Rathinam C, Taub N, Teis D, Zeidler C, Dewey RA, Geffers R, Buer J, Huber LA, Welte K, Grimbacher B, Klein C. A novel human primary immunodeficiency syndrome caused by deficiency of the endosomal adaptor protein p14. Nat Med 2006; 13:38-45. [PMID: 17195838 DOI: 10.1038/nm1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles have versatile functions, including protein and lipid degradation, signal transduction and protein secretion. The molecular elucidation of rare congenital diseases affecting endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis has given insights into physiological functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. Here, we describe a previously unknown human primary immunodeficiency disorder and provide evidence that the endosomal adaptor protein p14, previously characterized as confining mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to late endosomes, is crucial for the function of neutrophils, B cells, cytotoxic T cells and melanocytes. Combining genetic linkage studies and transcriptional profiling analysis, we identified a homozygous point mutation in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of p14 (also known as MAPBPIP), resulting in decreased protein expression. In p14-deficient cells, the distribution of late endosomes was severely perturbed, suggesting a previously unknown role for p14 in endosomal biogenesis. These findings have implications for understanding endosomal membrane dynamics, compartmentalization of cell signal cascades, and their role in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bohn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Carl Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1 D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Fischer JC, Frick M, Wassmuth R, Platz A, Punzel M, Wernet P. Superior mobilisation of haematopoietic progenitor cells with glycosylated G-CSF in male but not female unrelated stem cell donors. Br J Haematol 2005; 130:740-6. [PMID: 16115131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) effectively mobilises haematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood. It is unclear whether the mobilisation of stem cells with lenograstim (glycosylated G-CSF) or filgrastim (non-glycosylated G-CSF) leads to a higher cell number of collected engraft able progenitor cells. Thus, we investigated harvesting efficiency of the licensed G-CSF preparations in mobilising peripheral stem cells in a randomised study. A total of 501 healthy unrelated donors, including 339 males and 162 females received either lenograstim (n = 261) or filgrastim (n = 240) at 10 microg/kg body weight (BW) per day. Aphaeresis was performed on day 5 and, if necessary, on day 6 of mobilisation. The number of CD34+ cells collected was 11.5% higher in the lenograstim group (7.19 x 10(6) vs. 6.44 x 10(6)/kg BW donor; P < 0.03). Univariate variance analysis revealed that this effect was caused by male donors: more progenitors cells per kg BW of the donor (7.73 x 10(6) vs. 6.88 x 10(6); P < 0.017) and of the recipient (10.1 x 10(6) vs. 8.88 x 10(6), P < 0.029) could be harvested. There was no significant difference in the percentage of donors in whom a second aphaeresis was required (9.6% vs. 11.6%). Lenograstim mobilises progenitor cells into the peripheral blood more effectively in males than filgrastim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Fischer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University of Düsseldorf Medical School, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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46
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Raso SW, Abel J, Barnes JM, Maloney KM, Pipes G, Treuheit MJ, King J, Brems DN. Aggregation of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in vitro involves a conformationally altered monomeric state. Protein Sci 2005; 14:2246-57. [PMID: 16131655 PMCID: PMC2253479 DOI: 10.1110/ps.051489405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of partially folded intermediates populated during protein folding processes has been described for many proteins. Likewise, partially unfolded chains, generated by perturbation of numerous proteins by heat or chemical denaturants, have also been shown to aggregate readily. However, the process of protein aggregation from native-state conditions is less well understood. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a member of the four-helix bundle class of cytokines, is a therapeutically relevant protein involved in stimulating the growth and maturation of phagocytotic white blood cells. Under native-like conditions (37 degrees C [pH 7.0]), G-CSF shows a significant propensity to aggregate. Our data suggest that under these conditions, native G-CSF exists in equilibrium with an altered conformation, which is highly aggregation prone. This species is enriched in 1-2 M GdmCl, as determined by tryptophan fluorescence and increased aggregation kinetics. In particular, specific changes in Trp58 fluorescence report a local rearrangement in the large loop region between helices A and B. However, circular dichroism, reactivity toward cyanylation, and ANS binding demonstrate that this conformational change is subtle, having no substantial disruption of secondary and tertiary structure, reactivity of the free sulfhydryl at Cys17 or exposure of buried hydrophobic regions. There is no indication that this altered conformation is important to biological activity, making it an attractive target for rational protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Raso
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MS 2-2-A, Amgen, Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Yokoyama T, Okamura S, Asano Y, Kamezaki K, Numata A, Kakumitsu H, Shide K, Nakashima H, Taisuke K, Sekine Y, Mizuno Y, Okamura J, Matsuda T, Harada M, Yoshiyuki N, Shimoda K. A Novel Mutation in the Juxtamembrane Intracellular Sequence of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Receptor Gene in a Patient with Severe Congenital Neutropenia Augments G-CSF Proliferation Activity but Not through the MAP Kinase Cascade. Int J Hematol 2005; 82:28-34. [PMID: 16229088 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the structure of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor gene in a 6-year-old female patient with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) who experienced severe recurrent infections since 1 month of age. There is no family history of any similar disease. When the patient was 4 months old, she began receiving treatment with recombinant human G-CSF that resulted in a small increase in the neutrophil count sufficient for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection. An analysis of complementary DNA for the patient's G-CSF receptor revealed a 3-base pair deletion in the juxtamembrane intracellular sequence. This deletion at the beginning of exon 16 was thought to be caused by alternative splicing; analysis of the DNA revealed a G-to-A point mutation of the final nucleotide of intron 15. To evaluate the functional activity of the G-CSF receptor with this 3-base pair deletion of the juxtamembrane region, we transfected this G-CSF receptor mutant into an interleukin 3-dependent cell line, BAF/3. BAF/3 cells expressing the mutant G-CSF receptor showed augmented proliferation activity in response to G-CSF compared with cells having the wild-type G-CSF receptor. Although the proliferation signal of G-CSF in normal hematopoiesis is transduced through the activation of MAP kinases, this G-CSF receptor mutant showed decreased activation of ERKI/2 in response to G-CSF compared with the wild type, but the transduced sig-nal for Stat3 activation by G-CSF was of the same magnitude as that of the wild-type G-CSF receptor. This result means that the augmented proliferation activity in response to G-CSF that we observed in cells having the G-CSF receptor gene with the 3-base pair deletion is transduced through an intracellular signaling pathway other than MAP kinase. Because SCN patients with a mutation in the G-CSF receptor frequently develop leukemia, this 3-base pair deletion in the juxtamembrane sequence of the G-CSF receptor gene in this patient may be one step in the course of leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yokoyama
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medivine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yanay O, Barry SC, Katen LJ, Brzezinski M, Flint LY, Christensen J, Liggitt D, Dale DC, Osborne WRA. Treatment of canine cyclic neutropenia by lentivirus-mediated G-CSF delivery. Blood 2003; 102:2046-52. [PMID: 12750178 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic neutropenia is a rare disease that occurs both in humans and gray collie dogs and is characterized by recurrent severe neutropenia leading to bacterial infections and shortened life expectancy. Daily injections of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) are effective in shortening the period of severe neutropenia and reducing infections. After demonstrating that rG-CSF induced elevated neutrophil production in an affected dog, cytokine administration was stopped and 109 infectious units (IUs) of a lentivirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) encoding canine G-CSF cDNA was administered intramuscularly. Serial blood cell counts showed elevated neutrophil production for longer than 17 months. Although neutrophil counts continued to cycle, the range at nadirs was from 3710 to 5300 cells/microL, well above the nadirs before lentivirus administration. After the injection of lentivirus, mean neutrophil counts +/- SD were 12 460 +/- 4240 cells/microL, significantly increased over both pretreatment values of 3040 +/- 2540 cells/microL(P <.0001) and neutrophil counts during G-CSF administration of 10 290 +/- 4860 cells/microL(P <.007). The changes in blood counts from lentivirus injection were associated with absence of clinical signs of infection and fever. The gray collie continued to gain weight and was no longer housed in a pathogen-free environment. Genomic DNA from muscle at injection sites was positive for provirus, whereas gonad, lung, spleen, heart, liver, kidney, leukocytes, and noninjected muscle samples were all negative for provirus. Thus, intramuscular administration of lentivirus encoding G-CSF provided sustained therapeutic levels of neutrophils, suggesting this approach may be applied for long-term treatment of patients with cyclic and other neutropenias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Yanay
- Department of Pediatrics, MS 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Holyoake TL, Jiang X, Drummond MW, Eaves AC, Eaves CJ. Elucidating critical mechanisms of deregulated stem cell turnover in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2002; 16:549-58. [PMID: 11960331 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2001] [Accepted: 10/29/2001] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been studied intensively for many years; yet its treatment remains problematic and its biology remains elusive. In chronic phase, the leukemic clone appears to be maintained by a small number of BCR-ABL-positive hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate normally and amplify slowly. In contrast, as these cells enter the intermediate stages of lineage restriction, their progeny are selectively expanded and generate an enlarged pool of neoplastic progenitors. Recent analyses of purified subsets of primitive CML cells have provided a coherent explanation for this dichotomous behavior of BCR-ABL-positive stem and progenitor cells based on the discovery of an unusual autocrine IL-3/G-CSF mechanism activated in them. This only partially counteracts in vivosignals that maintain normal stem cells in a quiescent state but, when active in CML stem cells, promotes their differentiation in favor of their self-renewal. In more differentiated CML progenitors, the same mechanism has a more potent mitogenic effect which is then extinguished when the cells enter the terminal stages of differentiation. Thus, further expansion of the clone is limited until inevitably additional mutations are acquired that further distort or override the regulatory mechanisms still operative in the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Holyoake
- Departments of Medicine and Hematology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Aplastic/complications
- Anemia, Aplastic/drug therapy
- Bacterial Infections/prevention & control
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chronic Disease
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use
- Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Neutropenia/complications
- Neutropenia/drug therapy
- Patient Selection
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Recombinant Proteins
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
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