1
|
Brembach TC, Sabat R, Witte K, Schwerdtle T, Wolk K. Molecular and functional changes in neutrophilic granulocytes induced by nicotine: a systematic review and critical evaluation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281685. [PMID: 38077313 PMCID: PMC10702484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. The alkaloid nicotine is a prominent and addictive component of tobacco. In addition to tumors and cardiovascular disorders, tobacco consumption is associated with a variety of chronic-inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) play a role in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, the impact of nicotine on neutrophils has not been systematically reviewed so far. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the direct influence of nicotine on human neutrophil functions, specifically on cell death/damage, apoptosis, chemotaxis, general motility, adhesion molecule expression, eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine/chemokine expression, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), net antimicrobial activity, and enzyme release. Material and methods This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in the databases NCBI Pubmed® and Web of Science™ in February 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised English written research articles, showing in vitro studies on the direct impact of nicotine on specified human neutrophil functions. Results Of the 532 originally identified articles, data from 34 articles were finally compiled after several evaluation steps. The considered studies highly varied in methodological aspects. While at high concentrations (>3 mmol/l) nicotine started to be cytotoxic to neutrophils, concentrations typically achieved in blood of smokers (in the nmol/l range) applied for long exposure times (24-72h) supported the survival of neutrophils. Smoking-relevant nicotine concentrations also increased the chemotaxis of neutrophils towards several chemoattractants, elevated their production of elastase, lipocalin-2, CXCL8, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2, and reduced their integrin expression. Moreover, while nicotine impaired the neutrophil phagocytotic and anti-microbial activity, a range of studies demonstrated increased NET formation. However, conflicting effects were found on ROS generation, selectin expression and release of β-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion Nicotine seems to support the presence in the tissue and the inflammatory and selected tissue-damaging activity of neutrophils and reduces their antimicrobial functions, suggesting a direct contribution of nicotine to the pathogenesis of chronic-inflammatory diseases via influencing the neutrophil biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa-Charlotte Brembach
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibhagui O, Li D, Han H, Peng G, Meister ML, Gui Z, Qiao J, Salarian M, Dong B, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Yang H, Tan S, Satyanarayana G, Xue S, Turaga RC, Sharma M, Hai Y, Meng Y, Hekmatyar K, Sun P, Sica G, Ji X, Liu ZR, Yang JJ. Early Detection and Staging of Lung Fibrosis Enabled by Collagen-Targeted MRI Protein Contrast Agent. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:268-285. [PMID: 37388961 PMCID: PMC10302889 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are major leading causes of death worldwide and are generally associated with poor prognoses. The heterogeneous distribution of collagen, mainly type I collagen associated with excessive collagen deposition, plays a pivotal role in the progressive remodeling of the lung parenchyma to chronic exertional dyspnea for both IPF and COPD. To address the pressing need for noninvasive early diagnosis and drug treatment monitoring of pulmonary fibrosis, we report the development of human collagen-targeted protein MRI contrast agent (hProCA32.collagen) to specifically bind to collagen I overexpressed in multiple lung diseases. When compared to clinically approved Gd3+ contrast agents, hProCA32.collagen exhibits significantly better r1 and r2 relaxivity values, strong metal binding affinity and selectivity, and transmetalation resistance. Here, we report the robust detection of early and late-stage lung fibrosis with stage-dependent MRI signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increase, with good sensitivity and specificity, using a progressive bleomycin-induced IPF mouse model. Spatial heterogeneous mapping of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns with key features closely mimicking human IPF, including cystic clustering, honeycombing, and traction bronchiectasis, were noninvasively detected by multiple MR imaging techniques and verified by histological correlation. We further report the detection of fibrosis in the lung airway of an electronic cigarette-induced COPD mouse model, using hProCA32.collagen-enabled precision MRI (pMRI), and validated by histological analysis. The developed hProCA32.collagen is expected to have strong translational potential for the noninvasive detection and staging of lung diseases, and facilitating effective treatment to halt further chronic lung disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin
Y. Ibhagui
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Dongjun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Guangda Peng
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Maureen L. Meister
- Department
of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Zongxiang Gui
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jingjuan Qiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- InLighta
Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Mani Salarian
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yiting Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hua Yang
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shanshan Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ganesh Satyanarayana
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Shenghui Xue
- InLighta
Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ravi Chakra Turaga
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Malvika Sharma
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yan Hai
- Department
of Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuguang Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- Emory
National Primate Research Center, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Khan Hekmatyar
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Phillip Sun
- Emory
National Primate Research Center, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Gabriel Sica
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiangming Ji
- Department
of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Zhi-ren Liu
- Department
of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jenny J. Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational
Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- InLighta
Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kheradmand F, Zhang Y, Corry DB. Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1059-1093. [PMID: 36201635 PMCID: PMC9886356 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why emphysema progresses in a subset of former smokers remained a mystery for many years. The recognition of activated and organized tertiary T- and B-lymphoid aggregates in emphysematous lungs provided the first clue that adaptive immune cells may play a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. Based on these findings from human translational studies, experimental animal models of emphysema were used to determine the mechanisms through which smoke exposure initiates and orchestrates adaptive autoreactive inflammation in the lungs. These models have revealed that T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets promote a positive feedback loop that activates innate immune cells, confirming their role in emphysema pathogenesis. Results from genetic studies and immune-based discoveries have further provided strong evidence for autoimmunity induction in smokers with emphysema. These new findings offer a novel opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory landscape in the COPD lung and offer insights for development of precision-based treatment to halt lung destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tyagi A, Wu SY, Sharma S, Wu K, Zhao D, Deshpande R, Singh R, Li W, Topaloglu U, Ruiz J, Watabe K. Exosomal miR-4466 from nicotine-activated neutrophils promotes tumor cell stemness and metabolism in lung cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:3079-3092. [PMID: 35461327 PMCID: PMC9135627 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is associated with lung cancer and has a profound impact on tumor immunity. Nicotine, the addictive and non-carcinogenic smoke component, influences various brain cells and the immune system. However, how long-term use of nicotine affects brain metastases is poorly understood. We, therefore, examined the mechanism by which nicotine promotes lung cancer brain metastasis. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 810 lung cancer patients with smoking history and assessed brain metastasis. We found that current smoker's lung cancer patients have significantly higher brain metastatic incidence compared to the never smokers. We also found that chronic nicotine exposure recruited STAT3-activated N2-neutrophils within the brain pre-metastatic niche and secreted exosomal miR-4466 which promoted stemness and metabolic switching via SKI/SOX2/CPT1A axis in the tumor cells in the brain thereby enabling metastasis. Importantly, exosomal miR-4466 levels were found to be elevated in serum/urine of cancer-free subjects with a smoking history and promote tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that exosomal miR-4466 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for predicting increased risk of metastatic disease among smoker(s). Our findings suggest a novel pro-metastatic role of nicotine-induced N2-neutrophils in the progression of brain metastasis. We also demonstrated that inhibiting nicotine-induced STAT3-mediated neutrophil polarization effectively abrogated brain metastasis in vivo. Our results revealed a novel mechanistic insight on how chronic nicotine exposure contributes to worse clinical outcome of metastatic lung cancer and implicated the risk of using nicotine gateway for smoking cessation in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Ravindra Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Umit Topaloglu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Jimmy Ruiz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Retinoic acid attenuates nuclear factor kappaB mediated induction of NLRP3 inflammasome. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:189-203. [PMID: 34415562 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter and a part of the cholinergic system, can modify immune responses. Expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in immune cells, including macrophages, leads to modulation of their function. Inflammasomes are part of the innate immune system and have been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1 axis has emerged as a critical signaling pathway in inflammation process initiation. The role of ACh in modulating inflammasomes in macrophages remains relatively under-explored. METHODS The effect of AChR agonist carbachol on inflammasome expression was investigated using murine and human macrophages. Cell lysates were assessed by western blot for protein analysis. Immunofluorescence studies were used to study the translocation of p65. The experiments were conducted in the presence of NF-ĸB inhibitor, AChR antagonists, and retinoic acid (RA) to study the role of NF-ĸB, ACh receptors, and RA, respectively. RESULTS We found that carbachol increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18). The treated cells also showed an increase in NF-ĸB activation. The effect of carbachol was diminished by NF-ĸB inhibitor and atropine, a mAChR antagonist. The addition of RA also significantly reduced the effect of carbachol on NLRP3 inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggests that carbachol induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mAChR and NF-ĸB, and that RA abolishes the inflammatory response. It reveals the potentials of co-administration of RA with cholinergic drugs to prevent inflammatory responses during cholinergic medications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicotine promotes breast cancer metastasis by stimulating N2 neutrophils and generating pre-metastatic niche in lung. Nat Commun 2021; 12:474. [PMID: 33473115 PMCID: PMC7817836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking has a profound impact on tumor immunity, and nicotine, which is the major addictive component of smoke, is known to promote tumor progression despite being a non-carcinogen. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic exposure of nicotine plays a critical role in the formation of pre-metastatic niche within the lungs by recruiting pro-tumor N2-neutrophils. This pre-metastatic niche promotes the release of STAT3-activated lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secretory glycoprotein from the N2-neutrophils, and induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition of tumor cells thereby facilitating colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Elevated levels of serum and urine LCN2 is elevated in early-stage breast cancer patients and cancer-free females with smoking history, suggesting that LCN2 serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for predicting increased risk of metastatic disease in female smoker(s). Moreover, natural compound, salidroside effectively abrogates nicotine-induced neutrophil polarization and consequently reduced lung metastasis of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest a pro-metastatic role of nicotine-induced N2-neutrophils for cancer cell colonization in the lungs and illuminate the therapeutic use of salidroside to enhance the anti-tumor activity of neutrophils in breast cancer patients. Smoking is known to impact tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. Here, the authors show that chronic nicotine exposure promotes the lung pre-metastatic niche formation by recruiting pro-tumor N2-neutrophils that release lipocalin-2.
Collapse
|
7
|
Eduardo CRC, Alejandra TIG, Guadalupe DRKJ, Herminia VRG, Lenin P, Enrique BV, Evandro BM, Oscar B, Iván GPM. Modulation of the extraneuronal cholinergic system on main innate response leukocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 327:22-35. [PMID: 30683425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of elements of the cholinergic system has been demonstrated in non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, where acetylcholine modulates innate and adaptive responses. However, the study of the non-neuronal cholinergic system has focused on lymphocyte cholinergic mechanisms, with less attention to its role of innate cells. Considering this background, the aims of this review are 1) to review information regarding the cholinergic components of innate immune system cells; 2) to discuss the effect of cholinergic stimuli on cell functions; 3) and to describe the importance of cholinergic stimuli on host immunocompetence, in order to set the base for the design of intervention strategies in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Covantes-Rosales Carlos Eduardo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Toledo-Ibarra Gladys Alejandra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Díaz-Resendiz Karina Janice Guadalupe
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ventura-Ramón Guadalupe Herminia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Pavón Lenin
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Becerril-Villanueva Enrique
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Bauer Moisés Evandro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bottaso Oscar
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNR-CONICET), Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Girón-Pérez Manuel Iván
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reardon C, Murray K, Lomax AE. Neuroimmune Communication in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2287-2316. [PMID: 30109819 PMCID: PMC6170975 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems are tightly integrated, with each system capable of influencing the other to respond to infectious or inflammatory perturbations of homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrating the ability of neural stimulation to significantly reduce the severity of immunopathology and consequently reduce mortality have led to a resurgence in the field of neuroimmunology. Highlighting the tight integration of the nervous and immune systems, afferent neurons can be activated by a diverse range of substances from bacterial-derived products to cytokines released by host cells. While activation of vagal afferents by these substances dominates the literature, additional sensory neurons are responsive as well. It is becoming increasingly clear that although the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has become the predominant model, a multitude of functional circuits exist through which neuronal messengers can influence immunological outcomes. These include pathways whereby efferent signaling occurs independent of the vagus nerve through sympathetic neurons. To receive input from the nervous system, immune cells including B and T cells, macrophages, and professional antigen presenting cells express specific neurotransmitter receptors that affect immune cell function. Specialized immune cell populations not only express neurotransmitter receptors, but express the enzymatic machinery required to produce neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, allowing them to act as signaling intermediaries. Although elegant experiments have begun to decipher some of these interactions, integration of these molecules, cells, and anatomy into defined neuroimmune circuits in health and disease is in its infancy. This review describes these circuits and highlights continued challenges and opportunities for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reardon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California ; and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California ; and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California ; and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ata Murat Kaynar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gomes JP, Watad A, Shoenfeld Y. Nicotine and autoimmunity: The lotus' flower in tobacco. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:101-109. [PMID: 29051105 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the major component of cigarettes, has demonstrated conflicting impact on the immune system: some authors suggest that increases pro-inflammatory cytokines and provokes cellular apoptosis of neutrophils, releasing intracellular components that act as auto-antigens; others claimed that nicotine has a protective and anti-inflammatory effects, especially by binding to α7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The cholinergic pathway contributes to an anti-inflammatory environment characterized by increasing T regulatory cells response, down-regulating of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a pro-inflammatory cells apoptosis. The effects of nicotine were studied in different autoimmune disease, as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease and inflammatory bowel diseases. The major problems about nicotine are the addiction and the adverse effects of related to each commercialized formulation. We sought in this review to summarize the knowledge accumulated to date concerning the relationship between nicotine and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Gomes
- Department A of Internal Medicine, Hospital and University Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Disease, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Disease, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vicary GW, Ritzenthaler JD, Panchabhai TS, Torres-González E, Roman J. Nicotine stimulates collagen type I expression in lung via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Respir Res 2017; 18:115. [PMID: 28576119 PMCID: PMC5457545 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco-related chronic lung diseases are characterized by alterations in lung architecture leading to decreased lung function. Knowledge of the exact mechanisms involved in tobacco-induced tissue remodeling and inflammation remains incomplete. We hypothesize that nicotine stimulates the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to relative changes in lung matrix composition, which may affect immune cells entering the lung after injury. Methods Pulmonary fibroblasts from wildtype and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor knockout (α7KO) mice were exposed to nicotine and examined for collagen type 1 mRNA and protein expression. Testing the potential role on immune cell function, pulmonary fibroblasts were retained in culture for 120 h. The fibroblasts were eliminated by osmotic lysis and the remaining matrix-coated dishes were washed thoroughly. U937 cells were incubated on the matrix-coated dishes for 24 h followed by evaluation of IL-1β gene expression. Wildtype or α7KO C57BL/6 mice (female, 8–12 weeks) were fed normal diet and exposed to nicotine in their drinking water (100 μg/ml) for 8-12weeks. Lungs were processed for mRNA, protein, and histology. Statistical significance was determined at p ≤ .05 by two-tailed test or 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest. Results We found that nicotine stimulated collagen type I mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner and up to 72 h in primary lung fibroblasts. The stimulatory effect of nicotine was inhibited in α7KO primary lung fibroblasts. Testing the potential role of these events on immune cell function, U937 monocytic cells were cultured atop matrices derived from nicotine-treated lung fibroblasts. These cells expressed more IL-1β than those cultured atop matrices derived from untreated fibroblasts, and antibodies against the α2β1 collagen integrin receptor inhibited the effect. Nicotine also stimulated fibroblast proliferation via MEK-1/ERK, unveiling a potentially amplifying pathway. In vivo, nicotine increased collagen type I expression was detected in wildtype, but not in α7KO mice. Wildtype mice showed increased collagen staining in lung, primarily around the airways. Conclusions These observations suggest that nicotine stimulates fibroblast proliferation and their expression of collagen type I through α7 nAChRs, thereby altering the relative composition of the lung matrix without impacting the overall lung architecture; this may influence inflammatory responses after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn W Vicary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Ritzenthaler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street (3rd floor), Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tanmay S Panchabhai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street (3rd floor), Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Edilson Torres-González
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street (3rd floor), Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street (3rd floor), Louisville, KY, USA. .,Louisville Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perng P, Zampella JG, Okoye GA. Management of hidradenitis suppurativa in pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:979-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Hosseinzadeh A, Thompson PR, Segal BH, Urban CF. Nicotine induces neutrophil extracellular traps. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1105-1112. [PMID: 27312847 PMCID: PMC5069087 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab0815-379rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NETs serve to ensnare and kill microbial pathogens. However, NETs can at the same time contribute to tissue damage and excessive inflammation. Nicotine is a major toxic agent and has been associated with exacerbated inflammatory diseases. The current study aimed at investigating the role of nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco and electronic cigarettes, on triggering NET formation. We report that nicotine induces neutrophils to release NETs in a dose-dependent manner. Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils. These findings demonstrate that nicotine induces NETs, which may in turn contribute to smoking-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Umeå, Sweden (MIMS)
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; and
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Umeå, Sweden (MIMS)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prasad K. Pathophysiology and Medical Treatment of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Int J Angiol 2015; 24:158-72. [PMID: 26417183 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality. Approximately 80 to 85% strokes are ischemic due to carotid artery stenosis (CAS). The prevalence of significant CAS is 7% in women and 9% in men. Severe asymptomatic CAS varies from 0 to 3.1%. Prevalence of symptomatic CAS is high in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CAS is due to atherosclerosis, the major risk factors for which include dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGE, soluble RAGE [sRAGE]), lack of exercise and C-reactive protein (CRP). This article discusses the basic mechanism of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which these risk factors induce atherosclerosis. The role of AGEs and its receptors in the development and progression of CAS has been discussed in detail. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment of CAS such as lifestyle changes, lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, anti-AGE therapy, measures to elevate soluble receptors of AGE (sRAGE, esRAGE). CRP-lowering agents have been discussed in detail. The drugs especially lipid-lowering agents, and antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs suppress, regress, and slow the progression of CAS. The possible role of lowering the levels of AGEs and raising the levels of sRAGE in the treatment of CAS has been proposed. Lifestyle changes besides medical treatment have been stressed. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment not only would slow the progression of CAS but would also regress the CAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen EY, Sun A, Chen CS, Mintz AJ, Chin WC. Nicotine alters mucin rheological properties. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L149-57. [PMID: 24838753 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00396.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke exposure, the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), instigates a dysfunctional clearance of thick obstructive mucus. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of abnormally viscous mucus remains elusive. We investigated whether nicotine can directly alter the rheological properties of mucin by examining its physicochemical interactions with human airway mucin gels secreted from A549 lung epithelial cells. Swelling kinetics and multiple particle tracking were utilized to assess mucin gel viscosity change when exposed to nicotine. Herein we show that nicotine (≤50 nM) significantly hindered postexocytotic swelling and hydration of released mucins, leading to higher viscosity, possibly by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the close association of nicotine and mucins allows airway mucus to function as a reservoir for prolonged nicotine release, leading to correlated pathogenic effects. Our results provide a novel explanation for the maltransport of poorly hydrated mucus in smokers. More importantly, this study further indicates that even low-concentration nicotine can profoundly increase mucus viscosity and thus highlights the health risks of secondhand smoke exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, California; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and MicroBase Technology Corporation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Albert Sun
- Bioengineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, California
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, California
| | - Alexander J Mintz
- Bioengineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, California
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, California;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simmons SJ, Gould TJ. Involvement of neuronal β2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nicotine reward and withdrawal: implications for pharmacotherapies. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:457-67. [PMID: 24828779 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Tobacco smoking remains a major health problem. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which can cause addiction and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of nicotine administration. Pharmacotherapies for nicotine addiction target brain alterations that underlie withdrawal symptoms. This review will delineate the involvement of the β2 subunit of neuronal nAChRs in nicotine reward and in generating withdrawal symptoms to better understand the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. COMMENT Chronic nicotine desensitizes and upregulates β2 subunit-containing nAChRs, and the prolonged upregulation of receptors may underlie symptoms of withdrawal. Experimental research has demonstrated that the β2 subunit of neuronal nAChRs is necessary for generating nicotine reward and withdrawal symptoms. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Smoking cessation pharmacotherapies act on β2 subunit-containing nAChRs to reduce nicotine reward and withdrawal symptom severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Simmons
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comer DM, Elborn JS, Ennis M. Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, acetylaldehyde and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:32. [PMID: 24581246 PMCID: PMC3945717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke induces a pro-inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells but it is not clear which of the various chemicals contained within cigarette smoke (CS) should be regarded as predominantly responsible for these effects. We hypothesised that acrolein, nicotine and acetylaldehyde, important chemicals contained within volatile cigarette smoke in terms of inducing inflammation and causing addiction, have immunomodulatory effects in primary nasal epithelial cell cultures (PNECs). METHODS PNECs from 19 healthy subjects were grown in submerged cultures and were incubated with acrolein, nicotine or acetylaldehyde prior to stimulation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (PA LPS). Experiments were repeated using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for comparison. IL-8 was measured by ELISA, activation of NF-κB by ELISA and Western blotting, and caspase-3 activity by Western blotting. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin-V staining and the terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS CSE was pro-inflammatory after a 24 h exposure and 42% of cells were apoptotic or necrotic after this exposure time. Acrolein was pro-inflammatory for the PNEC cultures (30 μM exposure for 4 h inducing a 2.0 fold increase in IL-8 release) and also increased IL-8 release after stimulation with PA LPS. In contrast, nicotine had anti-inflammatory properties (0.6 fold IL-8 release after 50 μM exposure to nicotine for 24 h), and acetylaldehyde was without effect. Acrolein and nicotine had cellular stimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects respectively, as determined by NF-κB activation. Both chemicals increased levels of cleaved caspase 3 and induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Acrolein is pro-inflammatory and nicotine anti-inflammatory in PNEC cultures. CSE induces cell death predominantly by apoptotic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Comer
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Respiratory Department, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Joseph Stuart Elborn
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Respiratory Department, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Madeleine Ennis
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Royce SG, Moodley Y, Samuel CS. Novel therapeutic strategies for lung disorders associated with airway remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:250-60. [PMID: 24513131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine release, epithelial damage, airway/lung remodelling and fibrosis are central features of inflammatory lung disorders, which include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although the lung has some ability to repair itself from acute injury, in the presence of ongoing pathological stimuli and/or insults that lead to chronic disease, it no longer retains the capacity to heal, resulting in fibrosis, the final common pathway that causes an irreversible loss of lung function. Despite inflammation, genetic predisposition/factors, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mechanotransduction being able to independently contribute to airway remodelling and fibrosis, current therapies for inflammatory lung diseases are limited by their ability to only target the inflammatory component of the disease without having any marked effects on remodelling (epithelial damage and fibrosis) that can cause lung dysfunction independently of inflammation. Furthermore, as subsets of patients suffering from these diseases are resistant to currently available therapies (such as corticosteroids), novel therapeutic approaches are required to combat all aspects of disease pathology. This review discusses emerging therapeutic approaches, such as trefoil factors, relaxin, histone deacetylase inhibitors and stem cells, amongst others that have been able to target airway inflammation and airway remodelling while improving related lung dysfunction. A better understanding of the mode of action of these therapies and their possible combined effects may lead to the identification of their clinical potential in the setting of lung disease, either as adjunct or alternative therapies to currently available treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hoenderdos K, Condliffe A. The Neutrophil in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Too Little, Too Late or Too Much, Too Soon? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:531-9. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0492tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
20
|
Jensen K, Nizamutdinov D, Guerrier M, Afroze S, Dostal D, Glaser S. General mechanisms of nicotine-induced fibrogenesis. FASEB J 2012; 26:4778-87. [PMID: 22906950 PMCID: PMC3509054 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-206458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking contributes to the development of cancer, and pathogenesis of other diseases. Many chemicals have been identified in cigarettes that have potent biological properties. Nicotine is especially known for its role in addiction and plays a role in other physiological effects of smoking and tobacco use. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that, in addition to promoting cancer, nicotine also plays a pathogenic role in systems, such as the lung, kidney, heart, and liver. In many organ systems, nicotine modulates fibrosis by altering the functions of fibroblasts. Understanding the processes modulated by nicotine holds therapeutic potential and may guide future clinical and research decisions. This review discusses the role of nicotine in the general fibrogenic process that governs fibrosis and fibrosis-related diseases, focusing on the cellular mechanisms that have implications in multiple organ systems. Potential research directions for the management of nicotine-induced fibrosis, and potential clinical considerations with regard to nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damir Nizamutdinov
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA; and
| | | | | | - David Dostal
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA; and
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and
- Scott and White Healthcare Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mao J, Liu J, Pang X, Li M, Song J, Han C, Wu D, Wang S. Nicotine induces the expression of C-reactive protein via MAPK-dependent signal pathway in U937 macrophages. Mol Cells 2012; 34:457-61. [PMID: 23149874 PMCID: PMC3887791 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel wall. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. As an inflammatory molecule, C- reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although it has been confirmed that CRP level in smoking patient is significantly higher than non-smokers and cigarette withdrawal, it is unknown whether nicotine induces CRP expression in macrophages. The present study was to observe effect of nicotine on CRP production and the related signal pathway in U937 macrophages. The results showed that nicotine significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of CRP in U937 macrophages in time- and concentration-dependent ways. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotineinduced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages. The further study indicated that hexamethonium, PD98059, and SB203580 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-κB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang,
China
| | - Jinyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matthews JB, Chen FM, Milward MR, Ling MR, Chapple ILC. Neutrophil superoxide production in the presence of cigarette smoke extract, nicotine and cotinine. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:626-34. [PMID: 22607095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of cigarette smoke extract, nicotine and cotinine on lucigenin-detectable neutrophil superoxide production. MATERIALS & METHODS Neutrophils from periodontally healthy individuals were treated with aqueous smoke extract, nicotine and cotinine, prior to stimulation or at the same time as stimulation with Fusobacterium nucleatum, IgG-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxide generation was determined by lucigenin chemiluminescence. RESULTS Smoke extract induced superoxide release from neutrophils (p <0.0001) in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, superoxide generation by neutrophils in response to pathologically relevant stimuli was inhibited by pre-treatment with smoke extract (p <0.01). This inhibition did not require the continued presence of the extract. A similar reduction in stimulated superoxide production by smoke extract was detected when neutrophils were simultaneously exposed to the extract and stimuli. Nicotine and cotinine (0-10 μg/ml) had no effect on superoxide release from unstimulated or stimulated neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Stable water-soluble components of cigarette smoke directly induce superoxide generation by otherwise unstimulated neutrophils, but reduce superoxide responses of cells to pathologically relevant stimuli. These data suggest potential neutrophil-mediated mechanisms by which smoking may initiate and maintain oxidative stress at periodontally healthy sites and participate in disease progression, by reducing innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B Matthews
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nicotine stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells could augment HBV specific CTL priming by activating PI3K-Akt pathway. Immunol Lett 2012; 146:40-9. [PMID: 22546501 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have revealed that nicotine-treated immature dendritic cells (imDCs) have anti-tumor effects in murine lymphoma models. The present study is to explore HBV-specific CTL priming and its cytolytic activities of nicotine-treated murine DCs, the mechanism of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) up-regulation by nicotine and the efficiency of nicotine with other cytokines. To address these hypotheses, bone marrow-derived imDCs were stimulated by nicotine and expression of α7 nAChR was firstly determined by flow cytometry and Western blot. Then, DCs-dependent HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion were secondly determined by BrdU cell proliferation assay and ELISA, respectively. The HBV-specific CTL priming and its activities were further explored by intraperitoneal transfer of nicotine treated imDCs. The mechanism of nicotine up-regulating α7 nAChR was finally explored by Western blot. The results showed that: first, the maximal activation of PI3K and Akt was reached at 30 and 60-120 min respectively after nicotine stimulation. Nicotine up-regulated the expression of α7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs' ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-γ in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation. All these data presented here indicated that nicotine treated imDCs might be considered as a potential candidate for HBV immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Overbeek SA, Braber S, Henricks PAJ, Kleinjan M, Kamp VM, Georgiou NA, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Folkerts G. Cigarette smoke induces β2-integrin-dependent neutrophil migration across human endothelium. Respir Res 2011; 12:75. [PMID: 21651795 PMCID: PMC3128861 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking induces peripheral inflammatory responses in all smokers and is the major risk factor for neutrophilic lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on neutrophil migration and on β2-integrin activation and function in neutrophilic transmigration through endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing freshly isolated human PMNs, the effect of cigarette smoke on migration and β2-integrin activation and function in neutrophilic transmigration was studied. In this report, we demonstrated that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) dose dependently induced migration of neutrophils in vitro. Moreover, CSE promoted neutrophil adherence to fibrinogen. Using functional blocking antibodies against CD11b and CD18, it was demonstrated that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is responsible for the cigarette smoke-induced firm adhesion of neutrophils to fibrinogen. Furthermore, neutrophils transmigrated through endothelium by cigarette smoke due to the activation of β2-integrins, since pre-incubation of neutrophils with functional blocking antibodies against CD11b and CD18 attenuated this transmigration. CONCLUSION This is the first study to describe that cigarette smoke extract induces a direct migratory effect on neutrophils and that CSE is an activator of β2-integrins on the cell surface. Blocking this activation of β2-integrins might be an important target in cigarette smoke induced neutrophilic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A Overbeek
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu H, Yang YH, Rajaiah R, Moudgil KD. Nicotine-induced differential modulation of autoimmune arthritis in the Lewis rat involves changes in interleukin-17 and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:981-91. [PMID: 21305506 DOI: 10.1002/art.30219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease, and smoking is an important environmental factor in a subset of RA patients. A role of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in autoimmune inflammation is increasingly being realized. Nicotine is a major component of cigarette smoke, and it stimulates the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of nicotine on arthritis is of high relevance. The purpose of this study was to address this issue using the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model of human RA. METHODS Lewis rats were immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra for disease induction. Rats were treated with nicotine intraperitoneally either before (pretreatment) or after (posttreatment) the onset of AIA. Control rats received the vehicle (buffer) in place of nicotine. The severity of arthritis was assessed and graded. The draining lymph node cells were tested for T cell proliferative and cytokine responses against the disease-related antigen mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65. The sera were tested for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and anti-mycobacterial Hsp65 antibodies. RESULTS Nicotine pretreatment aggravated the arthritis, whereas nicotine posttreatment suppressed the disease. This altered severity of AIA directly correlated with the levels of the anti-CCP antibodies, of the Th1/Th17 cytokines, and of the corresponding dendritic cell-derived cytokines. The majority of these effects on cellular responses could be replicated in vitro. CONCLUSION Nicotine-induced modulation of AIA involves specific alterations in the disease-related cellular and humoral immune responses in AIA. These results are of significance in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matthews JB, Chen FM, Milward MR, Wright HJ, Carter K, McDonagh A, Chapple ILC. Effect of nicotine, cotinine and cigarette smoke extract on the neutrophil respiratory burst. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:208-18. [PMID: 21214612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of nicotine, cotinine and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the neutrophil respiratory burst and their effect on activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway in oral epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neutrophils from periodontally healthy individuals were treated with nicotine, cotinine and CSE before stimulation with Fusobacterium nucleatum, IgG-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Total and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined by luminol/isoluminol chemiluminescence. Activation of NFκB in oral epithelial cells was determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Smoke extract alone caused increased neutrophil extracellular isoluminol-dependent chemiluminescence, not detectable with luminol. However, pre-treatment with smoke extract reduced both total and extracellular ROS generation in response to all stimuli. Nicotine and cotinine had no effect on the neutrophil respiratory burst. Smoke extract, nicotine and cotinine did not induce oral epithelial cell NFκB activation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that smoke extract reduces the ability of neutrophils to generate ROS after stimulation with F. nucleatum and IgG-opsonized S. aureus but, at high concentrations, stimulates extracellular ROS generation. During periodontitis, cigarette smoking may differentially affect neutrophil function, generally preventing elimination of periodontal pathogens but, in heavy smokers, also stimulating ROS release and oxidative stress mediated tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B Matthews
- School of Dentistry, Periodontal Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jeong SH, Park JH, Kim JN, Park YH, Shin SY, Lee YH, Kye YC, Son SW. Up-regulation of TNF-alpha secretion by cigarette smoke is mediated by Egr-1 in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:e206-12. [PMID: 20653771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many epidemiologic studies have pointed to a significant association between cigarette smoking and inflammatory skin disease such as psoriasis. Cigarette smoke induces expression of regulators of inflammation such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. It was recently demonstrated that early growth response-1 (Egr-1) transcription factor is significantly up-regulated in the skin lesions of patients with psoriasis. The mechanism by which cigarette smoke extract (CSE) regulates inflammatory cytokine expression in keratinocyte was still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the signalling of CSE-induced Egr-1 expression and the role for Egr-1 in CSE-induced TNF-alpha expression. Cytotoxicity of CSE in HaCaT cells was measured by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CSE-induced Egr-1 expression was investigated by western blot, luciferase reporter assay and confocal microscopy. TNF-alpha expression was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Involvement of Egr-1 in CSE-induced TNF-alpha secretion was determined by using Egr-1 specific siRNA. CSE increases the Egr-1 expression, promoter activity and its nuclear translocation in human HaCaT keratinocytes. CSE activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Up-regulation of Egr-1 expression by CSE stimulation was found to be inhibited by an ERK and JNK but not p38 inhibitor. CSE increases TNF-alpha expression and secretion. This increase is mediated by CSE-induced Egr-1 expression. Our results showed that CSE induces Egr-1 expression via MAPK pathway in human keratinocytes and TNF-alpha expression by Egr-1. This pathway may contribute to the development of inflammatory disease such as psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Jeong
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Piano MR, Benowitz NL, Fitzgerald GA, Corbridge S, Heath J, Hahn E, Pechacek TF, Howard G. Impact of smokeless tobacco products on cardiovascular disease: implications for policy, prevention, and treatment: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 122:1520-44. [PMID: 20837898 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3181f432c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
29
|
Cantlay AM, Lamb D, Gillooly M, Norrman J, Morrison D, Smith CA, Harrison DJ. Association between the CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to emphysema and lung cancer. Mol Pathol 2010; 48:M210-4. [PMID: 16696009 PMCID: PMC407965 DOI: 10.1136/mp.48.4.m210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim-To investigate cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphism and susceptibility to emphysema and lung cancer.Methods-A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genotyping the CYP1A1 polymorphism, corresponding to putative low or high enzyme activity, was developed to genotype lung cancer resection samples which had been assessed macroscopically for the presence of centriacinar and panacinar emphysema. Samples were collected and genotyped from a group of patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. A control group of anonymous blood donations was genotyped to determine the basal levels of the polymorphism in the Scottish population.Results-The high activity allele of the CYP1A1 gene is associated with susceptibility to centriacinar emphysema and lung cancer but not panacinar emphysema. CYP1A1 polymorphism is not linked to lung cancer in the absence of emphysema, nor to chronic obstructive airways disease which is the clinical manifestation of emphysema, particularly of the panacinar type.Conclusions-Susceptibility to emphysema and lung cancer is associated with polymorphism of the P4501A1 gene. A trend towards damage of centriacinar pattern has been detected, which supports the theory that centriacinar emphysema results from local, direct damage to the respiratory bronchioles from exposure to cigarette smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Cantlay
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sim YS, Ham E, Choi KY, Lee SY, Kim SC, Kim YK, Park SH. Longitudinal Evaluation of Lung Function Associated with Emphysema in Healthy Smokers. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2010.69.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su Sim
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjae Ham
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yong Choi
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Young Lee
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Chan Kim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ghia JE, Blennerhassett P, Deng Y, Verdu EF, Khan WI, Collins SM. Reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:2280-2288.e1-4. [PMID: 19272381 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently also have depression, yet little is known of its role in IBD pathogenesis. We investigated whether the development of depression after the establishment of chronic inflammation reactivates an acute relapse of IBD and underlying pharmacologic mechanisms in mouse models. METHODS Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to C57BL/6 mice. Depression was induced by olfactory bulbectomy or chronic intracerebroventricular injection of reserpine. Colitis was reactivated by subsequent exposure to DSS or dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Some mice were given the antidepressant desmethylimipramine. Acute DSS-colitis was induced in mice lacking the alpha 7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 7nAchR), and vagotomy was performed. Disease severity and colon tissue histology and inflammation were evaluated. Levels of C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of colon samples and macrophage culture. RESULTS Induction of depression reactivated inflammation in mice in which colitis had been established and become quiescent. The induction was associated with impaired cholinergic inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine secretion by macrophages and mediated by alpha 7nAchR on these cells; macrophages isolated from depressed mice showed increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Depression-induced reactivation of colitis was prevented by desmethylimipramine and accompanied by a normalization of proinflammatory cytokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS Depression reactivates dormant chronic colitis via the alpha 7nAchR. These findings encourage closer monitoring of behavior for signs of depression in IBD patients because treatment might prevent inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, alpha 7nAchR agonists might achieve this effect without the need for psychotropic medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Eric Ghia
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Electrochemiluminescent determination of nicotine based on tri(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) complex through flow injection analysis. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
33
|
Potentiation of HIV-1 expression in microglial cells by nicotine: involvement of transforming growth factor-beta 1. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2007; 3:143-9. [PMID: 18060582 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-007-9098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection and nicotine addiction are global public health crises. In the central nervous system, HIV-1 causes a devastating neurodegenerative disease. It is well recognized that microglial cells play a pivotal role in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 and that drugs of abuse not only contribute to the spread of this agent but may facilitate viral expression in these brain macrophages. Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the production of HIV-1 by in vitro-infected alveolar macrophages, and the HIV-1 protein gp120 binds to nicotinic receptors. In this study, we demonstrated the constitutive expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in primary human microglial cells and showed that the pretreatment of microglia with nicotine increased HIV-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured by p24 antigen levels in culture supernatants. We also found that nicotine robustly altered the gene expression profile of HIV-1-infected microglia and that the transforming growth factor-beta1 is involved in the enhanced expression of HIV-1 by nicotine.
Collapse
|
34
|
de Jonge WJ, Ulloa L. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a pharmacological target for inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:915-29. [PMID: 17502850 PMCID: PMC2042938 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological regulation of the immune system encompasses comprehensive anti-inflammatory mechanisms that can be harnessed for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies indicate that the vagal nerve, involved in control of heart rate, hormone secretion and gastrointestinal motility, is also an immunomodulator. In experimental models of inflammatory diseases, vagal nerve stimulation attenuates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits the inflammatory process. Acetylcholine, the principal neurotransmitter of the vagal nerve, controls immune cell functions via the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR). From a pharmacological perspective, nicotinic agonists are more efficient than acetylcholine at inhibiting the inflammatory signaling and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This 'nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway' may have clinical implications as treatment with nicotinic agonists can modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines from immune cells. Nicotine has been tested in clinical trials as a treatment for inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis, but the therapeutic potential of this mechanism is limited by the collateral toxicity of nicotine. Here, we review the recent advances that support the design of more specific receptor-selective nicotinic agonists that have anti-inflammatory effects while eluding its collateral toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hagforsen E. The cutaneous non-neuronal cholinergic system and smoking related dermatoses: studies of the psoriasis variant palmoplantar pustulosis. Life Sci 2007; 80:2227-34. [PMID: 17341425 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is probably the inflammatory skin disease most strongly associated to smoking. The disease is common in middle-aged, smoking women, and is chronic, sometimes disabling and characterized by pustules, erythema and scaling on the soles and palms. It is often treatment-resistant. PPP patients have a co-morbidity with an increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease/gluten intolerance, abnormal calcium homeostasis, diabetes type 2, and depression. The sweat gland apparatus is involved in the pathogenesis of PPP since a) the normal structure of the acrosyringium is abolished so the keratin pattern differs to that in normal palmar skin; b) granulocytes migrate outwards in the acrosyringium forming the pustule in the stratum corneum. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main inducer of sweating. With immunohistochemistry the ACh synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the ACh-degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were found to be strongly expressed in the gland and duct as were the alpha-3 and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Smoking influenced the staining intensity of the enzymes and the alpha-3 nAChR in healthy subjects. In involved PPP skin there was a massive infiltration of granulocytes expressing ChAT and alpha-3 nAChR, and mast cells expressing AChE indicating a role for acetylcholine in inflammation. Cessation of smoking resulted in fewer pustules, and less scaling and erythema. The mechanisms for the effect of nicotine/smoking in PPP are still unknown but nicotine may lead to enhanced inflammation in consideration of the properties of the sweat duct and/or nicotine might facilitate autoimmune reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Hagforsen
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major vascular risk factor and in this context, it is an independent risk factor for the development of aortic disease, especially the formation and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Medline was searched up to January 31, 2007 for the relevant literature for this review of the mechanisms by which smoking causes aortic wall damage and its subsequent impact on the clinical manifestation of this process. Idiopathic AAAs and aortic dissection are considered, as well as other aortic diseases (eg, Takayasu, Kawasaki, Behcet and Buerger). There is evidence suggesting an abnormal homeostasis between proteolytic and antiproteolytic activity in the vascular wall during the development of AAAs, and these mechanisms can be influenced by smoking. Smoking cessation plays an important role in the management of aortic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Kakafika
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tsai JR, Chong IW, Chen CC, Lin SR, Sheu CC, Hwang JJ. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was significantly activated in human bronchial epithelial cells by nicotine. DNA Cell Biol 2006; 25:312-22. [PMID: 16716121 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2006.25.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is potentially associated with the onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. To gain insights into the molecular mechanism underlying such nicotine-induced conditions, microarray- bioinformatics analysis was carried out in the present study to explore the gene expression profiles in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) treated with 5 microM nicotine for 4, 8, and 10 h. Of 1,800 assessed genes overall, 260 (14.4%) were upregulated and 17 (0.9%) down regulated significantly. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that most of the differentially expressed genes belonged to the category of molecular function, especially to the subcategories of enzyme activity. The integration of obtained information with bioinformatics tools in DAVID and KEGG databases indicated that the greatest number of overexpressed genes was involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Membrane array analysis subsequently suggested that both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signalings but not p38 MAPK signaling were activated in response to nicotine. Pretreatment of HBECs with specific inhibitors against ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 could significantly inhibit nicotine-induced interleukin- 8 production. These results suggest that MAPK pathway may mediate the effect of nicotine through ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 in HBECs treated with nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Rung Tsai
- MedicoGenomic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hung SL, Lee YY, Liu TY, Peng JL, Cheng YY, Chen YT. Modulation of Phagocytosis, Chemotaxis, and Adhesion of Neutrophils by Areca Nut Extracts. J Periodontol 2006; 77:579-85. [PMID: 16584337 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher prevalence of periodontal diseases among areca chewers than non-areca chewers has been demonstrated. Neutrophils, representing the first line of the host defense mechanism against microbial infection, play important roles in maintaining periodontal health. This study determined the possible effects of areca nut on phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and adhesion of human neutrophils. METHODS Aqueous extracts of ripe areca nut without husk (rANE) and fresh and tender areca nut with husk (tANE) were examined for their effects on neutrophil phagocytosis using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effects of rANE and tANE on chemotaxis and adhesion of neutrophils to human aortic endothelial cells were examined using fluorescence-labeled neutrophils. RESULTS Both rANE and tANE inhibited the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of internalized fluorescent bacteria in neutrophils decreased after ANE treatment. However, exposure of neutrophils to rANE and tANE stimulated the chemotaxis activity of neutrophils to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and enhanced adhesion of neutrophils to human aortic endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of neutrophils with rANE was more effective than incubation with tANE. CONCLUSIONS Components of areca nut inhibited phagocytosis activity of neutrophils but enhanced chemotaxis and adhesion of neutrophils. Alterations in functions of neutrophils may lead to signs of clinical diseases associated with areca chewing. The components in ANEs that are responsible for these observations remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ling Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tournier JM, Maouche K, Coraux C, Zahm JM, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Nawrocki-Raby B, Bonnomet A, Burlet H, Lebargy F, Polette M, Birembaut P. alpha3alpha5beta2-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to the wound repair of the respiratory epithelium by modulating intracellular calcium in migrating cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 168:55-68. [PMID: 16400009 PMCID: PMC1592670 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), present in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), have been shown in vitro to modulate cell shape. Because cell spreading and migration are important mechanisms involved in the repair of the bronchial epithelium, we investigated the potential role of nAChRs in the wound repair of the bronchial epithelium. In vivo and in vitro, alpha3alpha5beta2-nAChRs accumulated in migrating HBECs involved in repairing a wound, whereas alpha7-nAChRs were predominantly observed in stationary confluent cells. Wound repair was improved in the presence of nAChR agonists, nicotine, and acetylcholine, and delayed in the presence of alpha3beta2 neuronal nAChR antagonists, mecamylamine, alpha-conotoxin MII, and kappa-bungarotoxin; alpha-bungarotoxin, an antagonist of alpha7-nAChR, had no effect. Addition of nicotine to a repairing wound resulted in a dose-dependent transient increase of intracellular calcium in migrating cells that line the wound edge. Mecamylamine and kappa-bungarotoxin inhibited both the cell-migration speed and the nicotine-induced intracellular calcium increase in wound-repairing migrating cells in vitro. On the contrary alpha-bungarotoxin had no significant effect on migrating cells. These results suggest that alpha3alpha5beta2-nAChRs actively contribute to the wound repair process of the respiratory epithelium by modulating intracellular calcium in wound-repairing migrating cells.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mexal S, Frank M, Berger R, Adams CE, Ross RG, Freedman R, Leonard S. Differential modulation of gene expression in the NMDA postsynaptic density of schizophrenic and control smokers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 139:317-32. [PMID: 16122832 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is known to induce the release of multiple neurotransmitters, including glutamate and dopamine, through activation of nicotinic receptors. Gene expression in the N-methyl-d-aspartate postsynaptic density (NMDA-PSD), as well as other functional groups, was compared in postmortem hippocampus of schizophrenic and nonmentally ill smokers and nonsmokers utilizing a microarray and quantitative RT-PCR approach. The expression of 277 genes was significantly changed between all smokers and nonsmokers. Specific gene groups, most notably genes expressed in the NMDA-PSD, were prevalent among these transcripts. Analysis of the interaction between smoking and schizophrenia identified several genes in the NMDA-PSD that were differentially affected by smoking in patients. The present findings suggest that smoking may differentially modulate glutamatergic function in schizophrenic patients and control subjects. The biological mechanisms underlying chronic tobacco use are likely to differ substantially between these two groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mexal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chernyavsky AI, Arredondo J, Karlsson E, Wessler I, Grando SA. The Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK Signaling Pathway Coupled to Integrin Expression Mediates Cholinergic Regulation of Keratinocyte Directional Migration. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:39220-8. [PMID: 16150734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504407200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiologic mechanisms that determine directionality of lateral migration are a subject of intense research. Galvanotropism in a direct current (DC) electric field represents a natural model of cell re-orientation toward the direction of future migration. Keratinocyte migration is regulated through both the nicotinic and muscarinic classes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. We sought to identify the signaling pathway mediating the cholinergic regulation of chemotaxis and galvanotropism. The pharmacologic and molecular modifiers of the Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK signaling pathway altered both chemotaxis toward choline and galvanotropism toward the cathode in a similar way, indicating that the same signaling steps were involved. The galvanotropism was abrogated due to inhibition of ACh production by hemicholinium-3 and restored by exogenously added carbachol. The concentration gradients of ACh and choline toward the cathode in a DC field were established by high-performance liquid chromatographic measurements. This suggested that keratinocyte galvanotaxis is, in effect, chemotaxis toward the concentration gradient of ACh, which it creates in a DC field due to its highly positive charge. A time-course immunofluorescence study of the membrane redistribution of ACh receptors in keratinocytes exposed to a DC field revealed rapid relocation to and clustering at the leading edge of alpha7 nicotinic and M(1) muscarinic receptors. Their inactivation with selective antagonists or small interfering RNAs inhibited galvanotropism, which could be prevented by transfecting the cells with constitutively active MEK1. The end-point effect of the cooperative signaling downstream from alpha7 and M(1) through the MEK1/ERK was an up-regulated expression of alpha(2) and alpha(3) integrins, as judged from the results of real-time PCR and quantitative immunoblotting. Thus, alpha7 works together with M(1) to orient a keratinocyte toward direction of its future migration. Both alpha7 and M(1) apparently engage the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway to up-regulate expression of the "sedentary" integrins required for stabilization of the lamellipodium at the keratinocyte leading edge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Chernyavsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Doniec Z, Nowak D, Tomalak W, Pisiewicz K, Kurzawa R. Passive smoking does not increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in exhaled breath condensate in 9-year-old healthy children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 39:41-5. [PMID: 15532100 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke, also called passive smoking, was shown to have adverse effects on the health of children. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is proposed as a sensitive marker of oxidative injury and inflammatory processes in the airways, being increased in adult active cigarette smokers. We tested whether passive smoking had an influence on H2O2 exhalation in healthy children. Thirty healthy passive smoking and 24 nonexposed healthy children aged 9 years were included in the study. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was obtained by spontaneous tidal volume breathing with EcoScreen (Jaeger, Germany). All subjects underwent flow-volume measurements immediately after EBC collection. Levels of H2O2 were measured fluorimetrically with the homovanillic acid method. Lung function did not differ between the passive smoking and nonexposed children groups. In the passive smoking group, EBC H2O2 concentration (median and range) was 0.32 (0.00-1.20) microM, and did not differ significantly (P >0.05) from that found in the nonexposed group, i.e., 0,22 (0.00-0.68) microM. Exhaled H2O2 did not correlate with spirometric parameters (FEV1, FEV1%FVC, and MEF50%FVC) in either group. We conclude that passive smoking does not increase H2O2 exhalation in healthy children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Doniec
- National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Branch Rabka-Zdroj, Rabka, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The adverse effects of tobacco on the skin are well known but the role of nicotine is more controversial. Nicotinic receptors are expressed in the skin, on keratinocytes, fibroblasts and blood vessels. Nicotine induces vasoconstriction associated with local hyperaemia. It inhibits inflammation through effects on central and peripheral nervous system and through direct effect on immune cells. It delays wound healing and accelerates skin aging. The role of nicotine on skin diseases remains unclear. Therapeutic effects of nicotine could be possible and this a new stimulating field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Neurobiology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sørensen LT, Nielsen HB, Kharazmi A, Gottrup F. Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes. Surgery 2004; 136:1047-53. [PMID: 15523399 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is associated with surgical wound infections, impaired wound healing, and tissue-destructive disorders. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but changes in the function and activity of inflammatory cells may be involved. METHODS Seventy healthy volunteers (54 smokers and 16 never smokers) were included. The smokers were studied while they smoked and after 20 days of abstinence. After the first 10 days of abstinence, they were randomized to double-blind treatment with transdermal nicotine patch 25 mg per day or placebo. Venous blood neutrophils and monocytes were sampled and isolated. In 22 randomly selected smokers and in all never smokers, the oxidative burst and chemotaxis were determined by a chemiluminescence response assay and a modified Boyden chamber technique, respectively. Stimulants were opsonized zymosan, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, and zymosan-activated serum. RESULTS The neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst was 50% and 68% lower, respectively, in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). Neutrophil chemotaxis was 93% higher in smokers (P < .05). Monocyte chemotaxis was lower in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). After 20 days of abstinence, neutrophil oxidative burst increased to the level of never smokers (P < .05); monocyte oxidative burst increased by 50% (P < .05). Chemotaxis was only marginally affected. The changes induced by abstinence were less pronounced in the transdermal nicotine patch group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Smoking attenuates the oxidative burst of inflammatory cells and increases chemotaxis. Three weeks of abstinence normalize the oxidative burst, but affect chemotaxis only marginally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tue Sørensen
- Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chernyavsky AI, Arredondo J, Marubio LM, Grando SA. Differential regulation of keratinocyte chemokinesis and chemotaxis through distinct nicotinic receptor subtypes. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:5665-79. [PMID: 15494367 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinergic agents can act as both chemokines and chemoattractants for cell migration. Epidermal keratinocytes both synthesize acetylcholine and use it as a paracrine and autocrine regulator of cell motility. To gain a mechanistic insight into nicotinergic control of keratinocyte motility, we determined types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and signaling pathways regulating keratinocyte chemokinesis and chemotaxis, using respective modifications of the agarose gel keratinocyte outgrowth assay. Random migration of keratinocytes was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by hemicholinum-3, a metabolic inhibitor of acetylcholine synthesis, as well as by the alpha-conotoxins MII and AuIB, preferentially blocking alpha3-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The use of antisense oligonucleotides specific for nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor subunits and knockout mice demonstrated pivotal role for the alpha3beta2 channel in mediating acetylcholine-dependent chemokinesis. Signaling pathways downstream of alpha3beta2 included activation of the protein-kinase-C isoform delta and RhoA-dependent events. The nicotinergic chemotaxis of keratinocytes was most pronounced towards the concentration gradient of choline, a potent agonist of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The alpha7-preferring antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin significantly (P<0.05) diminished keratinocyte chemotaxis, further suggesting a central role for the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This hypothesis was confirmed in experiments with anti-alpha7 antisense oligonucleotides and alpha7-knockout mice. The signaling pathway mediating alpha7-dependent keratinocyte chemotaxis included intracellular calcium, activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein-kinase II, conventional isoforms of protein-kinase C, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and engagement of Rac/Cdc42. Redistribution of alpha7 immunoreactivity to the leading edge of keratinocytes upon exposure to a chemoattractant preceded crescent shape formation and directional migration. Application of high-resolution deconvolution microscopy demonstrated that, on the cell membrane of keratinocytes, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits localize with the integrin beta1. The obtained results demonstrate for the first time that alpha3 and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate keratinocyte chemokinesis and chemotaxis, respectively, and identify signaling pathways mediating these functions, which has clinical implications for wound healing and control of cancer metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Chernyavsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Razani-Boroujerdi S, Singh SP, Knall C, Hahn FF, Peña-Philippides JC, Kalra R, Langley RJ, Sopori ML. Chronic nicotine inhibits inflammation and promotes influenza infection. Cell Immunol 2004; 230:1-9. [PMID: 15541713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest an association between smoking, respiratory infections, and impaired wound healing. Inflammation is critical in the body's defense against pathogens and in the wound-healing process. Although nicotine is used to treat some inflammatory conditions, the mechanism of this action is largely unknown. To determine how nicotine affects inflammation, rats and mice were exposed to nicotine via miniosmotic pumps, and the inflammatory response to turpentine or influenza virus was assessed. Results showed that while nicotine suppressed the migration of leukocytes to the inflammation/infection site, it increased the influenza titer in the lung. The decreased inflammation correlated with lower chemotaxis/chemokinesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) toward formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 without affecting the density of their respective receptors. However, nicotine suppressed the chemokine-induced Ca(2+) response in PBMC, indicating impaired chemokine signaling. Thus, because nicotine suppresses leukocyte migration, it might contribute to the delayed wound healing and increased incidence of respiratory infections among smokers.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Studies over the past few decades have showed a clear association between cigarette smoking and the development of chronic airway obstruction. Yet, only a minority of smokers is affected so that in many, even heavy, smokers, pulmonary function remains within normal limits. While carcinogens have been well characterized, there is only limited information about the constituents of cigarette smoke responsible for inducing chronic airway obstruction. In addition, the associated risks factors for airway obstruction in smokers have not been totally identified. The present paper is a review of the recently accumulated facts concerning the intimate action of cigarette smoke at the level of large and small airways and lung parenchyma. The role of classical inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is reviewed, but emphasis is put on recent evidence indicating the involvement of CD8 + T-lymphocytes and possibly eosinophils in the genesis of the structural changes leading to airways obstruction. The mechanisms by which airway inflammation and remodelling cause airway narrowing and airflow limitation are discussed, along with the associated loss of lung elasticity secondary to destructive emphysema. Other biological, epidemiological, physiopathological, and clinical aspects are analyzed, stressing such fundamental aspects as the defence mechanisms, the morpho-functional correlations, the identification of susceptible smokers, and the early detection of airway obstruction, both in specialized laboratories and in primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bohadana
- INSERM Unité 420, Epidémiologie Santé Travail, Faculté de Médecine, 9 av de la Forèt de Haye, B.P 184, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54505, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fucile S, Renzi M, Lauro C, Limatola C, Ciotti T, Eusebi F. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation promotes survival and reduces motility of cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. Neuroscience 2004; 127:53-61. [PMID: 15219668 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite many studies on the functional expression of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), an exhaustive description of the long-term effects of nicotine (Nic) stimulation in cerebellar granules is still far to be completed. For this reason, we addressed the experiments stimulating cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) with Nic, focusing on the effects on cell motility and survival. Using electrophysiological and Ca(2+)-fluorescence techniques, we found a subset of rat CGN that responded to Nic by inward whole cell currents and by short-delay Ca(2+) transients. These responses were mediated through both homomeric and heteromeric nAChRs, as assessed by their sensitivity to alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX), dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), methyllicaconitine (MLA) and 5-hydroxyindole (5OH-indole). Once established the expression of alpha-BTX-sensitive and insensitive nAChRs and their ability to trigger Ca(2+) responses in CGN, we aimed at investigating their possible role on cell survival and motility. We demonstrate that Nic stimulation significantly increases the survival of CGN exposed to the apoptosis-promoting low K(+) medium. This anti-apoptotic effect is likely mediated through alpha7* nAChRs since we found that it was mimicked by choline, was insensitive to DHbetaE and was fully inhibited by alpha-BTX. Furthermore, we report that Nic negatively modulates CGN motility, reducing the basal cell movement through a pored membrane by the activation of alpha-BTX-insensitive nAChRs. We conclude that CGN express various types of nAChRs, which are differently involved in regulating Nic-mediated modulation of cell survival and migration, and we suggest potential regulatory roles for cholinergic receptors during cerebellar development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fucile
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Centro di Eccellenza Biologia e Medicina Molecolare, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Iho S, Tanaka Y, Takauji R, Kobayashi C, Muramatsu I, Iwasaki H, Nakamura K, Sasaki Y, Nakao K, Takahashi T. Nicotine induces human neutrophils to produce IL-8 through the generation of peroxynitrite and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 74:942-51. [PMID: 12960242 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1202626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytosis in tobacco smokers has been well recognized; however, the exact cause has not been elucidated. To test the hypothesis that tobacco nicotine stimulates neutrophils in the respiratory tract to produce IL-8, which causes neutrophilia in vivo, we examined whether nicotine induces neutrophil-IL-8 production in vitro; the causative role of NF-kappaB in its production, in association with the possible production of reactive oxygen intermediates that activate NF-kappaB; and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) involved in IL-8 production. Nicotine stimulated neutrophils to produce IL-8 in both time- and concentration-dependent manners with a 50% effective concentration of 1.89 mM. A degradation of IkappaB-alpha/beta proteins and an activity of NF-kappaB p65 and p50 were enhanced following nicotine treatment. The synthesis of superoxide and the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) were also enhanced. The NOS inhibitor, nomega-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, prevented nicotine-induced IL-8 production, with an entire abrogation of DHR oxidation, IkappaB degradation, and NF-kappaB activity. Neutrophils spontaneously produced NO whose production was not increased, but rather decreased by nicotine stimulation, suggesting that superoxide, produced by nicotine, generates peroxynitrite by reacting with preformed NO, which enhances the NF-kappaB activity, thereby producing IL-8. The nAChRs seemed to be involved in IL-8 production. In smokers, blood IL-8 levels were significantly higher than those in nonsmokers. In conclusion, nicotine stimulates neutrophil-IL-8 production via nAChR by generating peroxynitrite and subsequent NF-kappaB activation, and the IL-8 appears to contribute to leukocytosis in tobacco smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Iho
- Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Fukui Medical University, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sikora L, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Selectin-dependent rolling and adhesion of leukocytes in nicotine-exposed microvessels of lung allografts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285:L654-63. [PMID: 12794008 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00448.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of circulating leukocytes with lung microvessels is a critical event in the recruitment of effector cells into the interstitial tissue during episodes of inflammation, including smoking-induced chronic airway disease. In the present study, murine lung tissue transplanted into a dorsal skinfold window chamber in nude mice was used as a model system to study nicotine-induced leukocyte trafficking in vivo. The revascularized lung microvessels were determined to be of pulmonary origin based on their ability to constrict in response to hypoxia. We demonstrated that nicotine significantly enhanced rolling and adhesion of leukocytes within lung microvessels comprising arterioles and postcapillary venules in a dose-dependent manner, but failed to induce leukocyte emigration. Nicotine-induced rolling and adhesion was significantly higher in venules than in arterioles. Treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against L-, E-, or P-selectin after exposure of lung allografts to nicotine resulted in variable but significant inhibition of nicotine-induced rolling, whereas nicotine-induced subsequent adhesion was inhibited by MAbs against L- and P-selectin but not E-selectin. Exposure of lung allografts to nicotine along with PD-98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-specific inhibitor, resulted in significant inhibition of nicotine-induced rolling and adhesion. In vitro, exposure of murine lung endothelial cells to nicotine resulted in increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, which could be blocked by PD-98059. Overall, these results suggest that nicotine-induced inflammation in the airways could potentially be due to MAPK-mediated, selectin-dependent leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the lung microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Sikora
- Division of Vascular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine, 4570 Executive Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|