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Zhang J, Jin H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Gu L, Lin G, Lin C, Wang Q. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E regulates flowering and circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39145515 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Translation initiation is a critical, rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays an essential role in this process. However, the mechanisms by which eIF4E-dependent translation initiation regulates plant growth and development remain not fully understood. In this study, we found that Arabidopsis eIF4E proteins are distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, with only the cytoplasmic eIF4E being involved in the control of photoperiodic flowering. Genome-wide translation profiling using Ribo-tag sequencing reveals that eIF4E may regulate plant flowering by maintaining the homeostatic translation of components in the photoperiodic flowering pathway. eIF4E not only regulates the translation of flowering genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) but also influences the translation of circadian genes like CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9). Consistently, our results show that the eIF4E modulates the rhythmic oscillation of the circadian clock. Together, our study provides mechanistic insights into how the protein translation regulates multiple developmental processes in Arabidopsis, including the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yadi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guifang Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Cho HT, Lee M, Choi HS, Maeng KH, Lee K, Lee HY, Ganguly A, Park H, Ho CH. A dose-dependent bimodal switch by homologous Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024:S1674-2052(24)00254-5. [PMID: 39095993 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial interactions between different regulators diversify and enrich the chance of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. However, a dose-dependent functional switch of homologous transcriptional repressors has rarely been reported. Here, we show that SHY2, an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressor, exhibits a dose-dependent bimodal role in auxin-sensitive root-hair growth and gene transcription in Arabidopsis, whereas other Aux/IAA homologs consistently repress the auxin responses. The co-repressor (TOPLESS [TPL])-binding affinity of a bimodal Aux/IAA was lower than that of a consistently repressing Aux/IAA. The switch of a single amino acid residue in the TPL-binding motif between the bimodal form and the consistently repressing form switched their TPL-binding affinity and transcriptional and biological roles in auxin responses. Based on these data, we propose a model whereby competition between homologous repressors with different co-repressor-binding affinities could generate a bimodal output at the transcriptional and developmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Taeg Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Minsu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Maeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeonghoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoonyoung Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoi Ho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Gong D, Li J, Wang S, Sha A, Wang L. Mapping and Detection of Genes Related to Trichome Development in Black Gram ( Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:308. [PMID: 38540367 PMCID: PMC10970695 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is a pulses crop with good digestible protein and a high carbohydrate content, so it is widely consumed as human food and animal feed. Trichomes are large, specialized epidermal cells that confer advantages on plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. Genes regulating the development of trichomes are well characterized in Arabidopsis and tomato. However, little is known about trichome development in black gram. In this study, a high-density map with 5734 bin markers using an F2 population derived from a trichome-bearing and a glabrous cultivar of black gram was constructed, and a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to trichomes was identified. Six candidate genes were located in the mapped interval region. Fourteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or insertion/deletions (indels) were associated with those genes. One indel was located in the coding region of the gene designated as Scaffold_9372_HRSCAF_11447.164. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that only one candidate gene, Scaffold_9372_HRSCAF_11447.166, was differentially expressed in the stem between the two parental lines. These two candidate genes encoded the RNA polymerase-associated protein Rtf1 and Bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1A (BAZ1A). These results provide insights into the regulation of trichome development in black gram. The candidate genes may be useful for creating transgenic plants with improved stress resistance and for developing molecular markers for trichome selection in black gram breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gong
- Key Laboratory Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jianling Li
- Key Laboratory Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Key Laboratory Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aihua Sha
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Key Laboratory Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Wu R, Liu Z, Sun S, Qin A, Liu H, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu Y, Hu M, Yang J, Rochaix JD, An G, Herrera-Estrella L, Tran LSP, Sun X. Identification of bZIP Transcription Factors That Regulate the Development of Leaf Epidermal Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2553. [PMID: 38473801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and trichome cells. The development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, and transcription factors. How the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of their regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely bZIP25 and bZIP53, which are highly expressed in pavement cells and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of pavement cells and trichome cells were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in bzip25 and bzip53 mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of jasmonic acid, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of trichome cells and pavement cells in response to jasmonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guoyong An
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Li H, Bai H, Sun M, Shi L. Formation mechanism of glandular trichomes involved in the synthesis and storage of terpenoids in lavender. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:307. [PMID: 37291504 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender (genus Lavandula, family Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant widely grown as an ornamental plant. The chemical composition of lavender is characterized by monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and other compounds, which are primarily synthesized and stored in epidermal secretory structures called glandular trichomes (GTs). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for the aroma characteristics of plant oil that drive consumer preference. Aroma is usually regarded as a characteristic trait for the classification of aromatic plants. Interestingly, VOCs are synthesized and stored in GTs. Lamiaceae species such as purple perilla, peppermint, basil, thyme, and oregano usually possess two types of GTs: peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs) and capitate glandular trichomes (CGTs). But the development process of PGTs in lavender has been reported in only a few studies to date. RESULTS In this study, we identified and quantified the VOCs in four lavender cultivars by headspace-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 66 VOCs were identified in these four cultivars, the most prominent of which were linalyl acetate and linalool, and flowers were the main site of accumulation of these VOCs. Here, we examined the developmental process of PGTs, including the formation of their base, body, and apex. The apex cells contained secretory cavities, which produced VOCs. Based on the reference genome sequence of the lavender cultivar 'Jingxun 2', several R2R3-MYB subfamily genes related to GT formation were identified. These results will guide the engineering of GTs and molecular breeding of lavender for improving the VOC content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified the VOCs in four lavender cultivars. We analyzed the formation of GTs, and compared the number and diameter size of PGTs among four lavender cultivars. Additionally, we identified four candidate genes belonging to the R2R3-MYB family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Zhou B, Luo Q, Shen Y, Wei L, Song X, Liao H, Ni L, Shen T, Du X, Han J, Jiang M, Feng S, Wu G. Coordinated regulation of vegetative phase change by brassinosteroids and the age pathway in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2608. [PMID: 37147280 PMCID: PMC10163027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetative phase change in plants is regulated by a gradual decline in the level of miR156 and a corresponding increase in the expression of its targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. Gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and cytokinin (CK) regulate vegetative phase change by affecting genes in the miR156-SPL pathway. However, whether other phytohormones play a role in vegetative phase change remains unknown. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene, DWARF5 (DWF5), delays vegetative phase change, and the defective phenotype is primarily attributable to reduced levels of SPL9 and miR172, and a corresponding increase in TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1). We further show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPL9 and TOE1 to cause subsequent proteolytic degradation. Therefore, BRs function to stabilize SPL9 and TOE1 simultaneously to regulate vegetative phase change in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhou
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Luo
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghui Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangqian Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Junyou Han
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjun Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Zeng J, Yang L, Tian M, Xie X, Liu C, Ruan Y. SDG26 Is Involved in Trichome Control in Arabidopsis thaliana: Affecting Phytohormones and Adjusting Accumulation of H3K27me3 on Genes Related to Trichome Growth and Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12081651. [PMID: 37111875 PMCID: PMC10143075 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes formed by specialized epidermal cells play a role in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses and can also influence the economic and ornamental value of plant products. Therefore, further studies on the molecular mechanisms of plant trichome growth and development are important for understanding trichome formation and agricultural production. SET Domain Group 26 (SDG26) is a histone lysine methyltransferase. Currently, the molecular mechanism by which SDG26 regulates the growth and development of Arabidopsis leaf trichomes is still unclear. We found that the mutant of Arabidopsis (sdg26) possessed more trichomes on its rosette leaves compared to the wild type (Col-0), and the trichome density per unit area of sdg26 is significantly higher than that of Col-0. The content of cytokinins and jasmonic acid was higher in sdg26 than in Col-0, while the content of salicylic acid was lower in sdg26 than in Col-0, which is conducive to trichome growth. By measuring the expression levels of trichome-related genes, we found that the expression of genes that positively regulate trichome growth and development were up-regulated, while the negatively regulated genes were down-regulated in sdg26. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, we found that SDG26 can directly regulate the expression of genes related to trichome growth and development such as ZFP1, ZFP5, ZFP6, GL3, MYB23, MYC1, TT8, GL1, GIS2, IPT1, IPT3, and IPT5 by increasing the accumulation of H3K27me3 on these genes, which further affects the growth and development of trichomes. This study reveals the mechanism by which SDG26 affects the growth and development of trichomes through histone methylation. The current study provides a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of histone methylation in regulating leaf trichome growth and development and perhaps guiding the development of new crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lanpeng Yang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Minyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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8
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Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Analysis Reveal That CsGeBP4 Is Required for Tea Plant Trichome Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065207. [PMID: 36982281 PMCID: PMC10049225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plant trichomes not only contribute to the unique flavor and high quality of tea products but also provide physical and biochemical defenses for tea plants. Transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating plant trichome formation. However, limited information about the regulatory mechanism of transcription factors underlying tea plant trichome formation is available. Here, the investigation of trichome phenotypes among 108 cultivars of Yunwu Tribute Tea, integrated with a transcriptomics analysis of both hairy and hairless cultivars, revealed the potential involvement of CsGeBPs in tea trichome formation. In total, six CsGeBPs were identified from the tea plant genome, and their phylogenetic relationships, as well as the structural features of the genes and proteins, were analyzed to further understand their biological functions. The expression analysis of CsGeBPs in different tissues and in response to environmental stresses indicated their potential roles in regulating tea plant development and defense. Moreover, the expression level of CsGeBP4 was closely associated with a high-density trichome phenotype. The silencing of CsGeBP4 via the newly developed virus-induced gene silencing strategy in tea plants inhibited trichome formation, indicating that CsGeBP4 was required for this process. Our results shed light on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of tea trichome formation and provide new candidate target genes for further research. This should lead to an improvement in tea flavor and quality and help in breeding stress-tolerant tea plant cultivars.
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Xu Y, Gan ES, Ito T. Misexpression Approaches for the Manipulation of Flower Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:429-451. [PMID: 37540372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of dominant gain-of-function mutants through activation tagging is a forward genetic approach that can be applied to study the mechanisms of flower development, complementing the screening of loss-of-function mutants. In addition, the functions of genes of interest can be further analyzed through reverse genetics. A commonly used method is gene overexpression, where ectopic expression can result in an opposite phenotype to that caused by a loss-of-function mutation. When overexpression is detrimental, the misexpression of a gene using tissue-specific promoters can be useful to study spatial-specific function. As flower development is a multistep process, it can be advantageous to control gene expression, or its protein product activity, in a temporal and/or spatial manner. This has been made possible through several inducible promoter systems as well as inducible proteins by constructing chimeric fusions between the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the protein of interest. The recently introduced CRISPR-Cas9-based platform provides a new way of bioengineering transcriptional regulators in plants. By fusing a catalytically inactive dCas9 with functional activation or repression domains, the CRISPR-Cas9 module can achieve transcriptional activation or repression of endogenous genes. All these methods allow us to genetically manipulate gene expression during flower development. In this chapter, we describe methods to produce the expression constructs, method of screening, and more general applications of the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Eng-Seng Gan
- Republic Polytechnic, School of Applied Science (SAS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
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10
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Wang X, Shen C, Meng P, Tan G, Lv L. Analysis and review of trichomes in plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 33526015 PMCID: PMC7852143 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomes play a key role in the development of plants and exist in a wide variety of species. RESULTS In this paper, it was reviewed that the structure and morphology characteristics of trichomes, alongside the biological functions and classical regulatory mechanisms of trichome development in plants. The environment factors, hormones, transcription factor, non-coding RNA, etc., play important roles in regulating the initialization, branching, growth, and development of trichomes. In addition, it was further investigated the atypical regulation mechanism in a non-model plant, found that regulating the growth and development of tea (Camellia sinensis) trichome is mainly affected by hormones and the novel regulation factors. CONCLUSIONS This review further displayed the complex and differential regulatory networks in trichome initiation and development, provided a reference for basic and applied research on trichomes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghong Meng
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Litang Lv
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Brown G. Towards a New Understanding of Decision-Making by Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072362. [PMID: 32235353 PMCID: PMC7178065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells within the hematopoietic stem cell compartment selectively express receptors for cytokines that have a lineage(s) specific role; they include erythropoietin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the ligand for the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3. These hematopoietic cytokines can instruct the lineage fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in addition to ensuring the survival and proliferation of cells that belong to a particular cell lineage(s). Expression of the receptors for macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is positively autoregulated and the presence of the cytokine is therefore likely to enforce a lineage bias within hematopoietic stem cells that express these receptors. In addition to the above roles, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor are powerful chemoattractants. The multiple roles of some hematopoietic cytokines leads us towards modelling hematopoietic stem cell decision-making whereby these cells can 'choose' just one lineage fate and migrate to a niche that both reinforces the fate and guarantees the survival and expansion of cells as they develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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12
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Hirai R, Higaki T, Takenaka Y, Sakamoto Y, Hasegawa J, Matsunaga S, Demura T, Ohtani M. The Progression of Xylem Vessel Cell Differentiation is Dependent on the Activity Level of VND7 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010039. [PMID: 31881731 PMCID: PMC7020236 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xylem vessels are important for water conduction in vascular plants. The VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) family proteins, master regulators of xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana, can upregulate a set of genes required for xylem vessel cell differentiation, including those involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) formation and programmed cell death (PCD); however, it is not fully understood how VND activity levels influence these processes. Here, we examined the Arabidopsis VND7-VP16-GR line, in which VND7 activity is post-translationally activated by treatments with different concentrations of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid. Our observations showed that 1 nM DEX induced weak SCW deposition, but not PCD, whereas 10 or 100 nM DEX induced both SCW deposition and PCD. The decreased chlorophyll contents and SCW deposition were apparent after 24 h of 100 nM DEX treatment, but became evident only after 48 h of 10 nM DEX treatment. Moreover, the lower DEX concentrations delayed the upregulation of VND7 downstream genes, and decreased their induction levels. They collectively suggest that the regulation of VND activity is important not only to initiate xylem vessel cell differentiation, but also regulate the quality of the xylem vessels through VND-activity-dependent upregulation of the PCD- and SCW-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risaku Hirai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (R.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Yuto Takenaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (R.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (R.H.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (M.O.); Tel.: +81-743-72-5460 (T.D.); +81-4-7136-3673 (M.O.)
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (R.H.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (M.O.); Tel.: +81-743-72-5460 (T.D.); +81-4-7136-3673 (M.O.)
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13
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Ma Y, Miotk A, Šutiković Z, Ermakova O, Wenzl C, Medzihradszky A, Gaillochet C, Forner J, Utan G, Brackmann K, Galván-Ampudia CS, Vernoux T, Greb T, Lohmann JU. WUSCHEL acts as an auxin response rheostat to maintain apical stem cells in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5093. [PMID: 31704928 PMCID: PMC6841675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain the balance between long-term stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, dynamic signals need to be translated into spatially precise and temporally stable gene expression states. In the apical plant stem cell system, local accumulation of the small, highly mobile phytohormone auxin triggers differentiation while at the same time, pluripotent stem cells are maintained throughout the entire life-cycle. We find that stem cells are resistant to auxin mediated differentiation, but require low levels of signaling for their maintenance. We demonstrate that the WUSCHEL transcription factor confers this behavior by rheostatically controlling the auxin signaling and response pathway. Finally, we show that WUSCHEL acts via regulation of histone acetylation at target loci, including those with functions in the auxin pathway. Our results reveal an important mechanism that allows cells to differentially translate a potent and highly dynamic developmental signal into stable cell behavior with high spatial precision and temporal robustness. Spatial control of auxin signaling maintains a balance between stem-cell self-renewal and differentiation at the plant shoot apex. Here Ma et al. show that rheostatic control of auxin response by the WUSCHEL transcription factor maintains stem cells by conferring resistance to auxin mediated differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrej Miotk
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoran Šutiković
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Ermakova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wenzl
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Medzihradszky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Gaillochet
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Forner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gözde Utan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brackmann
- Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos S Galván-Ampudia
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Greb
- Department of Developmental Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Yasui Y, Tsukamoto S, Sugaya T, Nishihama R, Wang Q, Kato H, Yamato KT, Fukaki H, Mimura T, Kubo H, Theres K, Kohchi T, Ishizaki K. GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1, an Ortholog of Axillary Meristem Regulators, Is Essential in Vegetative Reproduction in Marchantia polymorpha. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3987-3995.e5. [PMID: 31708390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A variety of plants in diverse taxa can reproduce asexually via vegetative propagation, in which clonal propagules with a new meristem(s) are generated directly from vegetative organs. A basal land plant, Marchantia polymorpha, develops clonal propagules, gemmae, on the gametophyte thallus from the basal epidermis of a specialized receptacle, the gemma cup. Here we report an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, designated GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1 (GCAM1), which is an essential regulator of gemma cup development in M. polymorpha. Targeted disruption of GCAM1 conferred a complete loss of gemma cup formation and gemma generation. Ectopic overexpression of GCAM1 resulted in formation of cell clumps, suggesting a function of GCAM1 in suppression of cell differentiation. Although gemma cups are a characteristic gametophyte organ for vegetative reproduction in a taxonomically restricted group of liverwort species, phylogenetic and interspecific complementation analyses support the orthologous relationship of GCAM1 to regulatory factors of axillary meristem formation, e.g., Arabidopsis REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEMS and tomato Blind, in angiosperm sporophytes. The present findings in M. polymorpha suggest an ancient acquisition of a transcriptional regulator for production of asexual propagules in the gametophyte and the use of the regulatory factor for diverse developmental programs, including axillary meristem formation, during land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yasui
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Sugaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kubo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Klaus Theres
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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15
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Fister AS, Landherr L, Perryman M, Zhang Y, Guiltinan MJ, Maximova SN. Glucocorticoid receptor-regulated TcLEC2 expression triggers somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao leaf tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207666. [PMID: 30475838 PMCID: PMC6261025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao, the source of cocoa, is a crop of particular importance in many developing countries. Availability of elite planting material is a limiting factor for increasing productivity of Theobroma cacao; therefore, the development of new strategies for clonal propagation is essential to improve farmers’ incomes and to meet increasing global demand for cocoa. To develop a more efficient embryogenesis system for cacao, tissue was transformed with a transgene encoding a fusion of Leafy Cotyledon 2 (TcLEC2) to a glucocorticoid receptor domain (GR) to control nuclear localization of the protein. Upon application of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex), downstream targets of LEC2 involved in seed-development were up-regulated and somatic embryos (SEs) were successfully regenerated from TcLEC2-GR transgenic flower and leaf tissue in large numbers. Immature SEs regenerated from TcLEC2-GR leaves were smaller in size than immature SEs from floral tissue, suggesting a different ontogenetic origin. Additionally, exposure of TcLEC2-GR floral explants to dex increased the number of SEs compared to floral explants from control, non-transgenic trees or from TcLEC2-GR floral explants not treated with dex. Testing different durations of exposure to dex indicated that a three-day treatment produced optimal embryo regeneration. Leaf derived SEs were successfully grown to maturity, converted into plants, and established in the greenhouse, demonstrating that these embryos are fully developmentally competent. In summary, we demonstrate that regulating TcLEC2 activity offers a powerful new strategy for optimizing somatic embryogenesis pipelines for cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Landherr
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Melanie Perryman
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Essenlix Corporation, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey
| | - Mark J. Guiltinan
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Siela N. Maximova
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Kubo H, Nozawa S, Hiwatashi T, Kondou Y, Nakabayashi R, Mori T, Saito K, Takanashi K, Kohchi T, Ishizaki K. Biosynthesis of riccionidins and marchantins is regulated by R2R3-MYB transcription factors in Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:849-864. [PMID: 29845372 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
R2R3-MYB transcription factors constitute the largest gene family among plant transcription factor families. They became largely divergent during the evolution of land plants and regulate various biological processes. The functions of R2R3-MYBs are mostly characterized in seed plants but are poorly understood in non-seed plants. Here, we examined the function of two R2R3-MYB genes of Marchantia polymorpha (Mapoly0073s0038 and Mapoly0006s0226) that are closely related to subgroup 4 of the R2R3-MYB family. We performed LC/MS/MS metabolomics, RNA-seq analysis and expression analysis in overexpressors and knockout mutants of MpMYB14 and MpMYB02. Overexpression of MpMYB14 remarkably increased the amount of riccionidins, which are specific anthocyanins in liverworts and a few flowering plants. In contrast, overexpression of MpMYB02 increased the amount of several marchantins, which are characteristic cyclic bis (bibenzyl ether) compounds in M. polymorpha and related liverworts. Knockouts of MpMYB14 and MpMYB02 abolished the accumulation of riccionidins and marchantins, respectively. The expression of MpMYB14 was up-regulated by UV-B irradiation, N deficiency, and NaCl treatment, whereas the expression of MpMYB02 was down-regulated by NaCl treatment. Our results suggest that the regulatory framework of phenolic metabolism by R2R3-MYB was already established in early land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Kubo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takuma Hiwatashi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youichi Kondou
- College of Science and Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kojiro Takanashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Arabidopsis TSO1 and MYB3R1 form a regulatory module to coordinate cell proliferation with differentiation in shoot and root. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29535223 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715903115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental to plant and animal development is the regulated balance between cell proliferation and differentiation, a process intimately tied to cell cycle regulation. In Arabidopsis, mutations in TSO1, whose animal homolog is LIN54, resulted in severe developmental abnormalities both in shoot and root, including shoot meristem fasciation and reduced root meristematic zone. The molecular mechanism that could explain the tso1 mutant phenotype is absent. Through a genetic screen, we identified 32 suppressors that map to the MYB3R1 gene, encoding a conserved cell cycle regulator. Further analysis indicates that TSO1 transcriptionally represses MYB3R1, and the ectopic MYB3R1 activity mediates the tso1 mutant phenotype. Since animal homologs of TSO1 and MYB3R1 are components of a cell cycle regulatory complex, the DREAM complex, we tested and showed that TSO1 and MYB3R1 coimmunoprecipitated in tobacco leaf cells. Our work reveals a conserved cell cycle regulatory module, consisting of TSO1 and MYB3R1, for proper plant development.
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18
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Duan S, Jia H, Pang Z, Teper D, White F, Jones J, Zhou C, Wang N. Functional characterization of the citrus canker susceptibility gene CsLOB1. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1908-1916. [PMID: 29461671 PMCID: PMC6638005 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc) is an important plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes citrus canker disease worldwide. PthA, a transcriptional activator-like (TAL) effector, directs the expression of the canker susceptibility gene CsLOB1. Here, we report our recent progress in the functional characterization of CsLOB1. Subcellular localization analysis of CsLOB1 protein in citrus protoplast revealed that CsLOB1 is primarily localized in the nucleus. We showed that CsLOB1 expression driven by dexamethasone (DEX) in CsLOB1-GR transgenic plants is associated with pustule formation following treatment with DEX. Pustule formation was not observed in DEX-treated wild-type plants and in non-treated CsLOB1-GR transgenic plants. Water soaking is typically associated with symptoms of citrus canker. Weaker water soaking was observed with pustule formation in CsLOB1-GR transgenic plants following DEX treatment. When CsLOB1-GR-transgenic Duncan grapefruit leaves were inoculated with Xcc306ΔpthA4 and treated with DEX, typical canker symptoms, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia and water soaking symptoms, were observed on DEX-treated transgenic plant leaves, but not on mock-treated plants. Twelve citrus genes that are induced by PthA4 are also stimulated by the DEX-induced expression of CsLOB1. As CsLOB1 acts as a transcriptional factor, we identified putative targets of CsLOB1 via bioinformatic and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Cs2g20600, which encodes a zinc finger C3HC4-type RING finger protein, has been identified to be a direct target of CsLOB1. This study advances our understanding of the function of CsLOB1 and the molecular mechanism of how Xcc causes canker symptoms via CsLOB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Duan
- Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest University, Chongqing400712, China
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS)University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
| | - Hongge Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS)University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
| | - Zhiqian Pang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS)University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
| | - Doron Teper
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS)University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
| | - Frank White
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
| | - Changyong Zhou
- Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest University, Chongqing400712, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS)University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
- China‐USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory (A joint laboratory of The University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Gannan Normal University)National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouJiangxiChina
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19
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Zhang J, Yin K, Sun J, Gao J, Du Q, Li H, Qiu J. Direct and tunable modulation of protein levels in rice and wheat with a synthetic small molecule. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:472-481. [PMID: 28682500 PMCID: PMC5787845 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct control of protein level enables rapid and efficient analyses of gene functions in crops. Previously, we developed the RDDK-Shield1 (Shld1) system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana for direct modulation of protein stabilization using a synthetic small molecule. However, it was unclear whether this system is applicable to economically important crops. In this study, we show that the RDDK-Shld1 system enables rapid and tunable control of protein levels in rice and wheat. Accumulation of RDDK fusion proteins can be reversibly and spatio-temporally controlled by the synthetic small-molecule Shld1. Moreover, RDDK-Bar and RDDK-Pid3 fusions confer herbicide and rice blast resistance, respectively, in a Shld1-dependent manner. Therefore, the RDDK-Shld1 system provides a reversible and tunable technique for controlling protein functions and conditional expression of transgenes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kangquan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinlan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuli Du
- Department of Life Science and EngineeringJining UniversityQufuChina
- National Center for Soybean ImprovementNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Long Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Yamaoka S, Nishihama R, Yoshitake Y, Ishida S, Inoue K, Saito M, Okahashi K, Bao H, Nishida H, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Ishizaki K, Yamato KT, Kohchi T. Generative Cell Specification Requires Transcription Factors Evolutionarily Conserved in Land Plants. Curr Biol 2018; 28:479-486.e5. [PMID: 29395928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Land plants differentiate germ cells in the haploid gametophyte. In flowering plants, a generative cell is specified as a precursor that subsequently divides into two sperm cells in the developing male gametophyte, pollen. Generative cell specification requires cell-cycle control and microtubule-dependent nuclear relocation (reviewed in [1-3]). However, the generative cell fate determinant and its evolutionary origin are still unknown. In bryophytes, gametophytes produce eggs and sperm in multicellular reproductive organs called archegonia and antheridia, respectively, or collectively called gametangia. Given the monophyletic origin of land plants [4-6], evolutionarily conserved mechanisms may play key roles in these diverse reproductive processes. Here, we showed that a single member of the subfamily VIIIa of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha primarily accumulated in the initial cells and controlled their development into gametangia. We then demonstrated that an Arabidopsis thaliana VIIIa bHLH transiently accumulated in the smaller daughter cell after an asymmetric division of the meiosis-derived microspore and was required for generative cell specification redundantly with its paralog. Furthermore, these A. thaliana VIIIa bHLHs were functionally replaceable by the M. polymorpha VIIIa bHLH. These findings suggest the VIIIa bHLH proteins as core regulators for reproductive development, including germ cell differentiation, since an early stage of land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misaki Saito
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keitaro Okahashi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haonan Bao
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Dasgupta K, Thilmony R, Stover E, Oliveira ML, Thomson J. Novel R2R3-MYB transcription factors from Prunus americana regulate differential patterns of anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco and citrus. GM CROPS & FOOD 2017; 8:85-105. [PMID: 28051907 PMCID: PMC5443614 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2016.1267897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The level of anthocyanins in plants vary widely among cultivars, developmental stages and environmental stimuli. Previous studies have reported that the expression of various MYBs regulate anthocyanin pigmentation during growth and development. Here we examine the activity of 3 novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) genes, PamMybA.1, PamMybA.3 and PamMybA.5 from Prunus americana. The anthocyanin accumulation patterns mediated by CaMV double35S promoter (db35Sp) controlled expression of the TFs in transgenic tobacco were compared with citrus-MoroMybA, Arabidopsis-AtMybA1 and grapevine-VvMybA1 transgenics during their entire growth cycles. The db35Sp-PamMybA.1 and db35Sp-PamMybA.5 constructs induced high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in both transformed tobacco calli and the regenerated plants. The red/purple color pigmentation induced in the PamMybA.1 and PamMybA.5 lines was not uniformly distributed, but appeared as patches in the leaves, whereas the flowers showed intense uniform pigmentation similar to the VvMybA1 expressing lines. MoroMybA and AtMybA1 showed more uniform pink coloration in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Plant morphology, anthocyanin content, seed viability, and transgene inheritance were examined for the PamMybA.5 transgenic plants and compared with the controls. We conclude that these TFs alone are sufficient for activating anthocyanin production in plants and may be used as visible reporter genes for plant transformation. Evaluating these TFs in a heterologous crop species such as citrus further validated that these genes can be useful for the metabolic engineering of anthocyanin production and cultivar enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Roger Thilmony
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Ed Stover
- USDA-ARS Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Maria Luiza Oliveira
- USDA-ARS Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - James Thomson
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA
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Godee C, Mira MM, Wally O, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Cellular localization of the Arabidopsis class 2 phytoglobin influences somatic embryogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1013-1023. [PMID: 28199692 PMCID: PMC5441859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of phytoglobin 2 (Pgb2) increases the number of somatic embryos in Arabidopsis. To assess the effects of the cellular localization of Pgb2 on embryo formation, an inducible system expressing a fusion protein consisting of Pgb2 linked to the steroid-binding domain of the rat glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was introduced in a pgb2 mutant line lacking the ability to express Pgb2. In this transgenic system, Pgb2 remains in the cytoplasm but migrates into the nucleus upon exposure to dexamethasone (DEX). Pgb2 retention in the cytoplasm, in the absence of DEX, increased the number of somatic embryos and reduced the expression of MYC2 - an inhibitor of the synthesis of auxin, which is the inductive signal for embryogenesis. Removal of DEX also induced the expression of several genes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These genes included: tryptophan synthase-α subunit (TSA1) and tryptophan synthase-β subunit (TSB1), which are involved in the synthesis of tryptophan, cytochrome P450 CYP79B2 (CYP79B2) and amidase 1 (AMI1), which participate in the formation of IAA via indole-3-acetaldoxime, and several members of the YUCCA family, including YUC1 and 4, which are also required for IAA synthesis. Retention of Pgb2 in the cytoplasm by removal of DEX increased the staining pattern of IAA along the cotyledons of the explants generating embryogenic tissue. Staining for IAA decreased when Pgb2 translocated into the nucleus in response to the application of DEX. Collectively, these results suggest that the presence of Pgb2 in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus, phenocopies the effects of Pgb2 mutation in inducing somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Godee
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mohamed M Mira
- Permanent address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt 31527
| | - Owen Wally
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Government of Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, RR #2, 2585 County Rd. 20, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Vijayakumar P, Datta S, Dolan L. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE4 (RSL4) promotes root hair elongation by transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes required for cell growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:944-953. [PMID: 27452638 PMCID: PMC5111604 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE4 (RSL4) is necessary and sufficient for root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Root hair length is determined by the duration for which RSL4 protein is present in the developing root hair. The aim of this research was to identify genes regulated by RSL4 that affect root hair growth. To identify genes regulated by RSL4, we identified genes whose expression was elevated by induction of RSL4 activity in the presence of an inhibitor of translation. Thirty-four genes were identified as putative targets of RSL transcriptional regulation, and the results suggest that the activities of SUPPRESSOR OF ACTIN (SAC1), EXOCSYT SUBUNIT 70A1 (EXO70A1), PEROXIDASE7 (PRX7) and CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE11 (CPK11) are required for root hair elongation. These data indicate that RSL4 controls cell growth by controlling the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cell signalling, cell wall modification and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
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25
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Lutz KA, Martin C, Khairzada S, Maliga P. Steroid-inducible BABY BOOM system for development of fertile Arabidopsis thaliana plants after prolonged tissue culture. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1849-56. [PMID: 26156330 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a steroid-inducible BABY BOOM system that improves plant regeneration in Arabidopsis leaf cultures and yields fertile plants. Regeneration of Arabidopsis thaliana plants for extended periods of time in tissue culture may result in sterile plants. We report here a novel approach for A. thaliana regeneration using a regulated system to induce embryogenic cultures from leaf tissue. The system is based on BABY BOOM (BBM), a transcription factor that turns on genes involved in embryogenesis. We transformed the nucleus of A. thaliana plants with BBM:GR, a gene in which the BBM coding region is fused with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) steroid-binding domain. In the absence of the synthetic steroid dexamethasone (DEX), the BBM:GR fusion protein is localized in the cytoplasm. Only when DEX is included in the culture medium does the BBM transcription factor enter the nucleus and turn on genes involved in embryogenesis. BBM:GR plant lines show prolific shoot regeneration from leaf pieces on media containing DEX. Removal of DEX from the culture media allowed for flowering and seed formation. Therefore, use of BBM:GR leaf tissue for regeneration of plants for extended periods of time in tissue culture will facilitate the recovery of fertile plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Lutz
- Farmingdale State College, Hale Hall, 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY, 11735, USA.
| | - Carla Martin
- Farmingdale State College, Hale Hall, 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY, 11735, USA
| | - Sahar Khairzada
- Farmingdale State College, Hale Hall, 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY, 11735, USA
| | - Pal Maliga
- Rutgers The State University of NJ, Waksman Institute of Microbiology, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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26
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Ishizaki K, Nishihama R, Ueda M, Inoue K, Ishida S, Nishimura Y, Shikanai T, Kohchi T. Development of Gateway Binary Vector Series with Four Different Selection Markers for the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138876. [PMID: 26406247 PMCID: PMC4583185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods for the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene as a marker for selection with hygromycin. In this study, we developed three additional markers for M. polymorpha transformation: the gentamicin 3'-acetyltransferase gene for selection with gentamicin; a mutated acetolactate synthase gene for selection with chlorsulfuron; and the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene for selection with G418. Based on these four marker genes, we have constructed a series of Gateway binary vectors designed for transgenic experiments on M. polymorpha. The 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus and endogenous promoters for constitutive and heat-inducible expression were used to create these vectors. The reporters and tags used were Citrine, 3×Citrine, Citrine-NLS, TagRFP, tdTomato, tdTomato-NLS, GR, SRDX, SRDX-GR, GUS, ELuc(PEST), and 3×FLAG. These vectors, designated as the pMpGWB series, will facilitate molecular genetic analyses of the emerging model plant M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ó'Maoiléidigh DS, Thomson B, Raganelli A, Wuest SE, Ryan PT, Kwaśniewska K, Carles CC, Graciet E, Wellmer F. Gene network analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana flower development through dynamic gene perturbations. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:344-358. [PMID: 25990192 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how flowers develop from undifferentiated stem cells has occupied developmental biologists for decades. Key to unraveling this process is a detailed knowledge of the global regulatory hierarchies that control developmental transitions, cell differentiation and organ growth. These hierarchies may be deduced from gene perturbation experiments, which determine the effects on gene expression after specific disruption of a regulatory gene. Here, we tested experimental strategies for gene perturbation experiments during Arabidopsis thaliana flower development. We used artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) to disrupt the functions of key floral regulators, and expressed them under the control of various inducible promoter systems that are widely used in the plant research community. To be able to perform genome-wide experiments with stage-specific resolution using the various inducible promoter systems for gene perturbation experiments, we also generated a series of floral induction systems that allow collection of hundreds of synchronized floral buds from a single plant. Based on our results, we propose strategies for performing dynamic gene perturbation experiments in flowers, and outline how they may be combined with versions of the floral induction system to dissect the gene regulatory network underlying flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bennett Thomson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrea Raganelli
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Samuel E Wuest
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Ryan
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kamila Kwaśniewska
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cristel C Carles
- UMR 5168, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France
- UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Comissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), F-38054, Grenoble, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Kato H, Ishizaki K, Kouno M, Shirakawa M, Bowman JL, Nishihama R, Kohchi T. Auxin-Mediated Transcriptional System with a Minimal Set of Components Is Critical for Morphogenesis through the Life Cycle in Marchantia polymorpha. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005084. [PMID: 26020919 PMCID: PMC4447296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. Recent progress in Arabidopsis provided a scheme that auxin receptors, TIR1/AFBs, target transcriptional co-repressors, AUX/IAAs, for degradation, allowing ARFs to regulate transcription of auxin responsive genes. The mechanism of auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation is considered to have evolved around the time plants adapted to land. However, little is known about the role of auxin-mediated transcription in basal land plant lineages. We focused on the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, which belongs to the earliest diverging lineage of land plants. M. polymorpha has only a single TIR1/AFB (MpTIR1), a single AUX/IAA (MpIAA), and three ARFs (MpARF1, MpARF2, and MpARF3) in the genome. Expression of a dominant allele of MpIAA with mutations in its putative degron sequence conferred an auxin resistant phenotype and repressed auxin-dependent expression of the auxin response reporter proGH3:GUS. We next established a system for DEX-inducible auxin-response repression by expressing the putatively stabilized MpIAA protein fused with the glucocorticoid receptor domain (MpIAA(mDII)-GR). Repression of auxin responses in (pro)MpIAA:MpIAA(mDII)-GR plants caused severe defects in various developmental processes, including gemmaling development, dorsiventrality, organogenesis, and tropic responses. Transient transactivation assays showed that the three MpARFs had different transcriptional activities, each corresponding to their phylogenetic classifications. Moreover, MpIAA and MpARF proteins interacted with each other with different affinities. This study provides evidence that pleiotropic auxin responses can be achieved by a minimal set of auxin signaling factors and suggests that the transcriptional regulation mediated by TIR1/AFB, AUX/IAA, and three types of ARFs might have been a key invention to establish body plans of land plants. We propose that M. polymorpha is a good model to investigate the principles and the evolution of auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation and its roles in land plant morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Kouno
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Auxin-Mediated Transcriptional System with a Minimal Set of Components Is Critical for Morphogenesis through the Life Cycle in Marchantia polymorpha. PLoS Genet 2015. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005084 pgenetics-d-14-02665 [pii]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Yamaguchi N, Winter CM, Wellmer F, Wagner D. Identification of direct targets of plant transcription factors using the GR fusion technique. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1284:123-38. [PMID: 25757770 PMCID: PMC5757826 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2444-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor-dependent activation of plant transcription factors has proven to be a powerful tool for the identification of their direct target genes. In the absence of the synthetic steroid hormone dexamethasone (dex), transcription factors fused to the hormone-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (TF-GR) are held in an inactive state, due to their cytoplasmic localization. This requires physical interaction with the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) complex. Hormone binding leads to disruption of the interaction between GR and HSP90 and allows TF-GR fusion proteins to enter the nucleus. Once inside the nucleus, they bind to specific DNA sequences and immediately activate or repress expression of their targets. This system is well suited for the identification of direct target genes of transcription factors in plants, as (A) there is little basal protein activity in the absence of dex, (B) steroid application leads to rapid transcription factor activation, (C) no side effects of dex treatment are observed on the physiology of the plant, and (D) secondary effects of transcription factor activity can be eliminated by simultaneous application of an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis, cycloheximide (cyc). In this chapter, we describe detailed protocols for the preparation of plant material, for dex and cyc treatment, for RNA extraction, and for the PCR-based or genome-wide identification of direct targets of transcription factors fused to GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 415 S. University Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6018, USA
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31
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Shin K, Lee S, Song WY, Lee RA, Lee I, Ha K, Koo JC, Park SK, Nam HG, Lee Y, Soh MS. Genetic Identification of
ACC-RESISTANT2
Reveals Involvement of
LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1
in the Uptake of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid in
Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:572-82. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Xu F, Cheng YT, Kapos P, Huang Y, Li X. P-loop-dependent NLR SNC1 can oligomerize and activate immunity in the nucleus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1801-4. [PMID: 25237053 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Ti Cheng
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Paul Kapos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yan Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Juntheikki-Palovaara I, Tähtiharju S, Lan T, Broholm SK, Rijpkema AS, Ruonala R, Kale L, Albert VA, Teeri TH, Elomaa P. Functional diversification of duplicated CYC2 clade genes in regulation of inflorescence development in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:783-96. [PMID: 24923429 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The complex inflorescences (capitula) of Asteraceae consist of different types of flowers. In Gerbera hybrida (gerbera), the peripheral ray flowers are bilaterally symmetrical and lack functional stamens while the central disc flowers are more radially symmetrical and hermaphroditic. Proteins of the CYC2 subclade of the CYC/TB1-like TCP domain transcription factors have been recruited several times independently for parallel evolution of bilaterally symmetrical flowers in various angiosperm plant lineages, and have also been shown to regulate flower-type identity in Asteraceae. The CYC2 subclade genes in gerbera show largely overlapping gene expression patterns. At the level of single flowers, their expression domain in petals shows a spatial shift from the dorsal pattern known so far in species with bilaterally symmetrical flowers, suggesting that this change in expression may have evolved after the origin of Asteraceae. Functional analysis indicates that GhCYC2, GhCYC3 and GhCYC4 mediate positional information at the proximal-distal axis of the inflorescence, leading to differentiation of ray flowers, but that they also regulate ray flower petal growth by affecting cell proliferation until the final size and shape of the petals is reached. Moreover, our data show functional diversification for the GhCYC5 gene. Ectopic activation of GhCYC5 increases flower density in the inflorescence, suggesting that GhCYC5 may promote the flower initiation rate during expansion of the capitulum. Our data thus indicate that modification of the ancestral network of TCP factors has, through gene duplications, led to the establishment of new expression domains and to functional diversification.
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34
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Nakamura Y, Teo NZW, Shui G, Chua CHL, Cheong WF, Parameswaran S, Koizumi R, Ohta H, Wenk MR, Ito T. Transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles of glycerolipids during Arabidopsis flower development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:310-322. [PMID: 24684726 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flower glycerolipids are the yet-to-be discovered frontier of the lipidome. Although ample evidence suggests important roles for glycerolipids in flower development, stage-specific lipid profiling in tiny Arabidopsis flowers is challenging. Here, we utilized a transgenic system to synchronize flower development in Arabidopsis. The transgenic plant PAP1::AP1-GR ap1-1 cal-5 showed synchronized flower development upon dexamethasone treatment, which enabled massive harvesting of floral samples of homogenous developmental stages for glycerolipid profiling. Glycerolipid profiling revealed a decrease in concentrations of phospholipids involved in signaling during the early development stages, such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol, and a marked increase in concentrations of nonphosphorous galactolipids during the late stage. Moreover, in the midstage, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate concentration was increased transiently, which suggests the stimulation of the phosphoinositide metabolism. Accompanying transcriptomic profiling of relevant glycerolipid metabolic genes revealed simultaneous induction of multiple phosphoinositide biosynthetic genes associated with the increased phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate concentration, with a high degree of differential expression patterns for genes encoding other glycerolipid-metabolic genes. The phosphatidic acid phosphatase mutant pah1 pah2 showed flower developmental defect, suggesting a role for phosphatidic acid in flower development. Our concurrent profiling of glycerolipids and relevant metabolic gene expression revealed distinct metabolic pathways stimulated at different stages of flower development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, A-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore city, 117456, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, 117604, Singapore
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35
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Yuan TT, Xu HH, Zhang KX, Guo TT, Lu YT. Glucose inhibits root meristem growth via ABA INSENSITIVE 5, which represses PIN1 accumulation and auxin activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1338-50. [PMID: 24237322 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucose functions as a hormone-like signalling molecule that modulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of glucose in root elongation remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that high concentrations of glucose reduce the size of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation and thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, we verified the involvement of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) in this process by showing that abi5-1 is less sensitive to glucose than the wild type, whereas glucose induces ABI5 expression and the inducible overexpression of ABI5 reduces the size of the root meristem zone. Furthermore, the inducible overexpression of ABI5 in PIN1::PIN1-GFP plants reduces the level of PIN1-GFP, but glucose reduces the level of PIN1-GFP to a lesser extent in abi5-1 PIN1::PIN1-GFP plants than in the PIN1::PIN1-GFP control, suggesting that ABI5 is involved in glucose-regulated PIN1 accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that ABI5 functions in the glucose-mediated inhibition of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation, thus leading to reduced auxin levels in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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36
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Hao Z, Mohnen D. A review of xylan and lignin biosynthesis: Foundation for studying Arabidopsisirregular xylemmutants with pleiotropic phenotypes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:212-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.889651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Sun B, Looi LS, Guo S, He Z, Gan ES, Huang J, Xu Y, Wee WY, Ito T. Timing mechanism dependent on cell division is invoked by Polycomb eviction in plant stem cells. Science 2014; 343:1248559. [PMID: 24482483 DOI: 10.1126/science.1248559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant floral stem cells divide a limited number of times before they stop and terminally differentiate, but the mechanisms that control this timing remain unclear. The precise temporal induction of the Arabidopsis zinc finger repressor KNUCKLES (KNU) is essential for the coordinated growth and differentiation of floral stem cells. We identify an epigenetic mechanism in which the floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) induces KNU at ~2 days of delay. AG binding sites colocalize with a Polycomb response element in the KNU upstream region. AG binding to the KNU promoter causes the eviction of the Polycomb group proteins from the locus, leading to cell division-dependent induction. These analyses demonstrate that floral stem cells measure developmental timing by a division-dependent epigenetic timer triggered by Polycomb eviction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
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38
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Abstract
The generation of dominant gain-of-function mutants through activation tagging is a forward genetic approach that complements the screening of loss-of-function mutants and that has been successfully applied to studying the mechanisms of flower development. In addition, the functions of genes of interest can be further analyzed through reverse genetics. A commonly used method is gene overexpression, where strong, often ectopic expression can result in an opposite phenotype to that caused by a loss-of-function mutation. When overexpression is detrimental, the misexpression of a gene using tissue-specific promoters can be useful to study spatial-specific function. As flower development is a multistep process, it can be advantageous to control gene expression, or its protein product activity, in a temporal and/or spatial manner. This has been made possible through several inducible promoter systems, as well as by constructing chimeric fusions between the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the protein of interest. Upon treatment with a steroid hormone at a specific time point, the fusion protein can enter the nucleus and activate downstream target genes. All these methods allow us to genetically manipulate gene expression during flower development. In this chapter, we describe methods to produce the expression constructs, method of screening, and more general applications of the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Vercruyssen L, Verkest A, Gonzalez N, Heyndrickx KS, Eeckhout D, Han SK, Jégu T, Archacki R, Van Leene J, Andriankaja M, De Bodt S, Abeel T, Coppens F, Dhondt S, De Milde L, Vermeersch M, Maleux K, Gevaert K, Jerzmanowski A, Benhamed M, Wagner D, Vandepoele K, De Jaeger G, Inzé D. ANGUSTIFOLIA3 binds to SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes to regulate transcription during Arabidopsis leaf development. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:210-29. [PMID: 24443518 PMCID: PMC3963571 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) stimulates cell proliferation during Arabidopsis thaliana leaf development, but the molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we show that inducible nuclear localization of AN3 during initial leaf growth results in differential expression of important transcriptional regulators, including GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs). Chromatin purification further revealed the presence of AN3 at the loci of GRF5, GRF6, CYTOKININ RESPONSE FACTOR2, CONSTANS-LIKE5 (COL5), HECATE1 (HEC1), and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR4 (ARR4). Tandem affinity purification of protein complexes using AN3 as bait identified plant SWITCH/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes formed around the ATPases BRAHMA (BRM) or SPLAYED. Moreover, SWI/SNF ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 73B (SWP73B) is recruited by AN3 to the promoters of GRF5, GRF3, COL5, and ARR4, and both SWP73B and BRM occupy the HEC1 promoter. Furthermore, we show that AN3 and BRM genetically interact. The data indicate that AN3 associates with chromatin remodelers to regulate transcription. In addition, modification of SWI3C expression levels increases leaf size, underlining the importance of chromatin dynamics for growth regulation. Our results place the SWI/SNF-AN3 module as a major player at the transition from cell proliferation to cell differentiation in a developing leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurine Verkest
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken S. Heyndrickx
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Soon-Ki Han
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Teddy Jégu
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Rafal Archacki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Megan Andriankaja
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Bodt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mattias Vermeersch
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research and Biochemistry, VIB, 90 00 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Jerzmanowski
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Address correspondence to
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40
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Yang C, Ye Z. Trichomes as models for studying plant cell differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1937-48. [PMID: 22996257 PMCID: PMC11113616 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, originating from epidermal cells, are present on nearly all terrestrial plants. They exist in diverse forms, are readily accessible, and serve as an excellent model system for analyzing the molecular mechanisms in plant cell differentiation, including cell fate choices, cell cycle control, and cell morphogenesis. In Arabidopsis, two regulatory models have been identified that function in parallel in trichome formation; the activator-inhibitor model and the activator-depletion model. Cotton fiber, a similar unicellular structure, is controlled by some functional homologues of Arabidopsis trichome-patterning genes. Multicellular trichomes, as in tobacco and tomato, may form through a distinct pathway from unicellular trichomes. Recent research has shown that cell cycle control participates in trichome formation. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of unicellular and multicellular trichomes, and discuss the integration of the cell cycle in its initiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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41
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Waki T, Miyashima S, Nakanishi M, Ikeda Y, Hashimoto T, Nakajima K. A GAL4-based targeted activation tagging system in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:357-367. [PMID: 23057675 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation tagging is a powerful tool for discovering novel genes that are not easily identified by loss-of-function (lof) screening due to genetic redundancy or lethality. Although the current activation tagging system, which involves a viral enhancer sequence, has been used for a decade, alternative methods that allow organ- or tissue-specific activation are required to identify genes whose strong activation leads to loss of fertility or viability. Here, we established a GAL4/UAS activation-tagging system in Arabidopsis thaliana. Host plants that express a synthetic transcription activator GAL4:VP16 (GV) in an organ- or tissue-specific manner were transformed with a T-DNA harboring tandem copies of UAS, a GAL4-binding sequence. Using a post-embryonic and root-specific GV-expressing line as the host plant, we isolated several dominant mutants with abnormal root tissue patterns, designated as uas-tagged root patterning (urp) mutants, and identified their causal genes. Notably, most URP genes encoded putative transcription factors, indicating that the GAL4/UAS activation tagging system effectively identifies genes with regulatory functions. lof phenotypes of most URP genes were either local patterning defects or visible only if homologous genes were disrupted simultaneously or independently. Systemic overexpression of some URP genes resulted in seedling lethality. These results indicate that GAL4/UAS activation tagging is a powerful method for identifying genes with biological functions that are not readily identified by conventional screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Waki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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42
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Ordered changes in histone modifications at the core of the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:21540-5. [PMID: 23236129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217022110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a complex network of reciprocal regulations among oscillator components. Here, we demonstrate that chromatin remodeling is a prevalent regulatory mechanism at the core of the clock. The peak-to-trough circadian oscillation is paralleled by the sequential accumulation of H3 acetylation (H3K56ac, K9ac), H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), and H3K4me2. Inhibition of acetylation and H3K4me3 abolishes oscillator gene expression, indicating that both marks are essential for gene activation. Mechanistically, blocking H3K4me3 leads to increased clock-repressor binding, suggesting that H3K4me3 functions as a transition mark modulating the progression from activation to repression. The histone methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 2/ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX RELATED 3 (SDG2/ATXR3) might contribute directly or indirectly to this regulation because oscillator gene expression, H3K4me3 accumulation, and repressor binding are altered in plants misexpressing SDG2/ATXR3. Despite divergences in oscillator components, a chromatin-dependent mechanism of clock gene activation appears to be common to both plant and mammal circadian systems.
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43
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Arabidopsis lateral organ boundaries negatively regulates brassinosteroid accumulation to limit growth in organ boundaries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:21146-51. [PMID: 23213252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210789109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves and flowers begin life as outgrowths from the edges of shoot apical meristems. Stem cell divisions in the meristem center replenish cells that are incorporated into organ primordia at the meristem periphery and leave the meristem. Organ boundaries, regions of limited growth that separate forming organs from the meristem, serve to isolate these two domains and are critical for coordination of organogenesis and meristem maintenance. Boundary formation and maintenance are poorly understood processes, despite the identification of a number of boundary-specific transcription factors. Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor lateral organ boundaries (LOB) negatively regulates accumulation of the plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid (BR) in organ boundaries. We found that ectopic expression of LOB results in reduced BR responses. We identified BAS1, which encodes a BR-inactivating enzyme, as a direct target of LOB transcriptional activation. Loss-of-function lob mutants exhibit organ fusions, and this phenotype is suppressed by expression of BAS1 under the LOB promoter, indicating that BR hyperaccumulation contributes to the lob mutant phenotype. In addition, LOB expression is BR regulated; therefore, LOB and BR form a feedback loop to modulate local BR accumulation in organ boundaries to limit growth in the boundary domain.
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Wen X, Zhang C, Ji Y, Zhao Q, He W, An F, Jiang L, Guo H. Activation of ethylene signaling is mediated by nuclear translocation of the cleaved EIN2 carboxyl terminus. Cell Res 2012; 22:1613-6. [PMID: 23070300 PMCID: PMC3494400 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yusi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fengying An
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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45
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Feng B, Lu D, Ma X, Peng Y, Sun Y, Ning G, Ma H. Regulation of the Arabidopsis anther transcriptome by DYT1 for pollen development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:612-24. [PMID: 22775442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several genes encoding transcription factors have been shown to be essential for male fertility in plants, suggesting that transcriptional regulation is a major mechanism controlling anther development in Arabidopsis. DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1), a putative bHLH transcription factor, plays a critical role in regulating tapetum function and pollen development. Here, we compare the transcriptomes of young anthers of wild-type and the dyt1 mutant, demonstrating that DYT1 is upstream of at least 22 genes encoding transcription factors and regulates the expression of a large number of genes, including genes involved in specific metabolic pathways. We also show that DYT1 can bind to DNA in a sequence-specific manner in vitro, and induction of DYT1 activity in vivo activated the expression of the downstream transcription factor genes MYB35 and MS1. We generated DYT1-SRDX transgenic plants whose fertility was dramatically reduced, implying that DYT1 probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Furthermore, we used yeast two-hybrid assays to show that DYT1 forms homodimers and heterodimers with other bHLH transcription factors. Our results demonstrate the important role of DYT1 in regulating anther transcriptome and function, and supporting normal pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomin Feng
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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46
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Schiessl K, Kausika S, Southam P, Bush M, Sablowski R. JAGGED controls growth anisotropyand coordination between cell sizeand cell cycle during plant organogenesis. Curr Biol 2012; 22:1739-46. [PMID: 22902754 PMCID: PMC3471073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In all multicellular organisms, the links between patterning genes, cell growth, cell cycle, cell size homeostasis, and organ growth are poorly understood, partly due to the difficulty of dynamic, 3D analysis of cell behavior in growing organs. A crucial step in plant organogenesis is the emergence of organ primordia from the apical meristems. Here, we combined quantitative, 3D analysis of cell geometry and DNA synthesis to study the role of the transcription factor JAGGED (JAG), which functions at the interface between patterning and primordium growth in Arabidopsis flowers. Results The floral meristem showed isotropic growth and tight coordination between cell volume and DNA synthesis. Sepal primordia had accelerated cell division, cell enlargement, anisotropic growth, and decoupling of DNA synthesis from cell volume, with a concomitant increase in cell size heterogeneity. All these changes in growth parameters required JAG and were genetically separable from primordium emergence. Ectopic JAG activity in the meristem promoted entry into S phase at inappropriately small cell volumes, suggesting that JAG can override a cell size checkpoint that operates in the meristem. Consistent with a role in the transition from meristem to primordium identity, JAG directly repressed the meristem regulatory genes BREVIPEDICELLUS and BELL 1 in developing flowers. Conclusions We define the cellular basis for the transition from meristem to organ identity and identify JAG as a key regulator of this transition. JAG promotes anisotropic growth and is required for changes in cell size homeostasis associated with accelerated growth and the onset of differentiation in organ primordia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schiessl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Huang W, Pérez-García P, Pokhilko A, Millar AJ, Antoshechkin I, Riechmann JL, Mas P. Mapping the Core of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock Defines the Network Structure of the Oscillator. Science 2012; 336:75-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1219075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In many organisms, the circadian clock is composed of functionally coupled morning and evening oscillators. In Arabidopsis, oscillator coupling relies on a core loop in which the evening oscillator component TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) was proposed to activate a subset of morning-expressed oscillator genes. Here, we show that TOC1 does not function as an activator but rather as a general repressor of oscillator gene expression. Repression occurs through TOC1 rhythmic association to the promoters of the oscillator genes. Hormone-dependent induction of TOC1 and analysis of RNA interference plants show that TOC1 prevents the activation of morning-expressed genes at night. Our study overturns the prevailing model of the Arabidopsis circadian clock, showing that the morning and evening oscillator loops are connected through the repressing activity of TOC1.
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48
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Yuan H, Hu S, Huang P, Song H, Wang K, Ruan J, He R, Cui D. Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exhibit Dual-Phase Regulation to Exposed Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:44. [PMID: 27502666 PMCID: PMC3211858 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein we are the first to report that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit dual-phase regulation to Arabidopsis mesophyll cells exposed to different concentration of SWCNTs. The mesophyll protoplasts were prepared by enzyme digestion, and incubated with 15, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml SWCNTs for 48 h, and then were observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured. Partial protoplasts were stained with propidium iodide and 4'-6- diamidino-2-phenylindole, partial protoplasts were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SWCNTs, and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that SWCNTs could traverse both the plant cell wall and cell membrane, with less than or equal to 50 μg/ml in the culture medium, SWCNTs stimulated plant cells to grow out trichome clusters on their surface, with more than 50 μg/ml SWCNTs in the culture medium, SWCNTs exhibited obvious toxic effects to the protoplasts such as increasing generation of ROS, inducing changes of protoplast morphology, changing green leaves into yellow, and inducing protoplast cells' necrosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, single walled carbon nanotubes can get through Arabidopsis mesophyll cell wall and membrane, and exhibit dose-dependent dual-phase regulation to Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts such as low dose stimulating cell growth, and high dose inducing cells' ROS generation, necrosis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621002, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanglian Hu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621002, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong He
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Song SK, Ryu KH, Kang YH, Song JH, Cho YH, Yoo SD, Schiefelbein J, Lee MM. Cell fate in the Arabidopsis root epidermis is determined by competition between WEREWOLF and CAPRICE. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:1196-208. [PMID: 21914815 PMCID: PMC3252147 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.185785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The root hair and nonhair cells in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root epidermis are specified by a suite of transcriptional regulators. Two of these are WEREWOLF (WER) and CAPRICE (CPC), which encode MYB transcription factors that are required for promoting the nonhair cell fate and the hair cell fate, respectively. However, the precise function and relationship between these transcriptional regulators have not been fully defined experimentally. Here, we examine these issues by misexpressing the WER gene using the GAL4-upstream activation sequence transactivation system. We find that WER overexpression in the Arabidopsis root tip is sufficient to cause epidermal cells to adopt the nonhair cell fate through direct induction of GLABRA2 (GL2) gene expression. We also show that GLABRA3 (GL3) and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), two closely related bHLH proteins, are required for the action of the overexpressed WER and that WER interacts with these bHLHs in plant cells. Furthermore, we find that CPC suppresses the WER overexpression phenotype quantitatively. These results show that WER acts together with GL3/EGL3 to induce GL2 expression and that WER and CPC compete with one another to define cell fates in the Arabidopsis root epidermis.
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50
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Girin T, Paicu T, Stephenson P, Fuentes S, Körner E, O’Brien M, Sorefan K, Wood TA, Balanzá V, Ferrándiz C, Smyth DR, Østergaard L. INDEHISCENT and SPATULA interact to specify carpel and valve margin tissue and thus promote seed dispersal in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3641-53. [PMID: 21990939 PMCID: PMC3229140 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Structural organization of organs in multicellular organisms occurs through intricate patterning mechanisms that often involve complex interactions between transcription factors in regulatory networks. For example, INDEHISCENT (IND), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, specifies formation of the narrow stripes of valve margin tissue, where Arabidopsis thaliana fruits open on maturity. Another bHLH transcription factor, SPATULA (SPT), is required for reproductive tissue development from carpel margins in the Arabidopsis gynoecium before fertilization. Previous studies have therefore assigned the function of SPT to early gynoecium stages and IND to later fruit stages of reproductive development. Here we report that these two transcription factors interact genetically and via protein-protein contact to mediate both gynoecium development and fruit opening. We show that IND directly and positively regulates the expression of SPT, and that spt mutants have partial defects in valve margin formation. Careful analysis of ind mutant gynoecia revealed slight defects in apical tissue formation, and combining mutations in IND and SPT dramatically enhanced both single-mutant phenotypes. Our data show that SPT and IND at least partially mediate their joint functions in gynoecium and fruit development by controlling auxin distribution and suggest that this occurs through cooperative binding to regulatory sequences in downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Girin
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Teodora Paicu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pauline Stephenson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Fuentes
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn Körner
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O’Brien
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Karim Sorefan
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Wood
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Balanzá
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David R. Smyth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
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