1
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Delaux PM, Gutjahr C. Evolution of small molecule-mediated regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230369. [PMID: 39343030 PMCID: PMC11439497 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis formed by most extant land plants with symbiotic fungi evolved 450 Ma. AM promotes plant growth by improving mineral nutrient and water uptake, while the symbiotic fungi obtain carbon in return. A number of plant genes regulating the steps leading to an efficient symbiosis have been identified; however, our understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the symbiosis and how they were wired to symbiosis regulation during plant evolution remains limited. Among them, the exchange of chemical signals, the activation of dedicated biosynthesis pathways and the production of secondary metabolites regulating late stages of the AM symbiosis begin to be well described across several land plant clades. Here, we review our current understanding of these processes and propose future directions to fully grasp the phylogenetic distribution and role played by small molecules during this ancient plant symbiosis. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marc Delaux
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm14476, Germany
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2
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Kunz CF, de Vries S, de Vries J. Plant terrestrialization: an environmental pull on the evolution of multi-sourced streptophyte phenolics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230358. [PMID: 39343031 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of land plants are varied: they are chemodiverse, are sourced from different biosynthetic routes and fulfil a broad spectrum of functions that range from signalling phytohormones, to protective shields against stressors, to structural compounds. Their action defines the biology of land plants as we know it. Often, their roles are tied to environmental responses that, however, impacted already the algal progenitors of land plants, streptophyte algae. Indeed, many streptophyte algae successfully dwell in terrestrial habitats and have homologues for enzymatic routes for the production of important phenolic compounds, such as the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here, we synthesize what is known about the production of specialized phenolic compounds across hundreds of millions of years of streptophyte evolution. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which selective pressures borne out of environmental cues shaped the chemodiversity of phenolics in streptophytes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cäcilia F Kunz
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
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3
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de Vries S, Feussner I. Biotic interactions, evolutionary forces and the pan-plant specialized metabolism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230362. [PMID: 39343027 PMCID: PMC11449213 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolism has a complex evolutionary history. Some aspects are conserved across the green lineage, but many metabolites are unique to certain lineages. The network of specialized metabolism continuously diversified, simplified or reshaped during the evolution of streptophytes. Many routes of pan-plant specialized metabolism are involved in plant defence. Biotic interactions are recalled as major drivers of lineage-specific metabolomic diversification. However, the consequences of this diversity of specialized metabolism in the context of plant terrestrialization and land plant diversification into the major lineages of bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms remain only little explored. Overall, this hampers conclusions on the evolutionary scenarios that shaped specialized metabolism. Recent efforts have brought forth new streptophyte model systems, an increase in genetically accessible species from distinct major plant lineages, and new functional data from a diversity of land plants on specialized metabolic pathways. In this review, we will integrate the recent data on the evolution of the plant immune system with the molecular data of specialized metabolism and its recognition. Based on this we will provide a contextual framework of the pan-plant specialized metabolism, the evolutionary aspects that shape it and the impact on adaptation to the terrestrial environment.This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, Goettingen 37077, Germany
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4
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Fernie AR, de Vries S, de Vries J. Evolution of plant metabolism: the state-of-the-art. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230347. [PMID: 39343029 PMCID: PMC11449224 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Immense chemical diversity is one of the hallmark features of plants. This chemo-diversity is mainly underpinned by a highly complex and biodiverse biochemical machinery. Plant metabolic enzymes originated and were inherited from their eukaryotic and prokaryotic ancestors and further diversified by the unprecedentedly high rates of gene duplication and functionalization experienced in land plants. Unlike prokaryotic microbes, which display frequent horizontal gene transfer events and multiple inputs of energy and organic carbon, land plants predominantly rely on organic carbon generated from CO2 and have experienced relatively few gene transfers during their recent evolutionary history. As such, plant metabolic networks have evolved in a stepwise manner using existing networks as a starting point and under various evolutionary constraints. That said, until recently, the evolution of only a handful of metabolic traits had been extensively investigated and as such, the evolution of metabolism has received a fraction of the attention of, the evolution of development, for example. Advances in metabolomics and next-generation sequencing have, however, recently led to a deeper understanding of how a wide range of plant primary and specialized (secondary) metabolic pathways have evolved both as a consequence of natural selection and of domestication and crop improvement processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm14476, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
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5
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Hu J, Li S, Zhang Y, Du D, Zhu X. Potential Regulatory Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Lipid Metabolism of Maize in Response to Low-Temperature Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39356644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
The specific mechanisms underlying membrane lipid remodeling and changes in gene expression induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in low-temperature-stressed plants are still unclear. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, and lipidomic analyses were used to elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which AMF can enhance the adaptation of maize plants to low-temperature stress. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content of maize leaves were decreased after the inoculation with AMF, indicating that AMF reduced the peroxidation of membrane lipids and maintained the fluidity of the cell membrane. Transcriptomic analysis showed the presence of 702 differentially expressed genes induced by AMF in maize plants exposed to low-temperature stress. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed changes in 10 lipid classes in AMF-inoculated maize plants compared with their noninoculated counterparts under low-temperature stress conditions. Lipid remodeling is an important strategy that arbuscular mycorrhizal plants adopt to cope with low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindian Hu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Dongsheng Du
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiancan Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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6
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Wang H, Chen Y. Protecting plants from pathogens through arbuscular mycorrhiza: Role of fungal diversity. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127919. [PMID: 39342745 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a crucial role in protecting host plants from pathogens. AM fungal taxa show varying abilities to hinder the development of plant pathogens with various underlying mechanisms of action, and plant defense through mycorrhization should be viewed to have a continuum of several possible mechanisms. However, an additive or synergistic effect is not always achieved. This review examines the potential mechanisms by which AM fungi enhance plant tolerance and defense against pathogens, as well as the possible interactive mechanisms among AM fungal traits that may lead to facilitative and antagonistic effect on plant defense outcomes. It also provides evidence demonstrating the benefits of AM fungal consortia used so far to protect crop plants from various pathogens. It concludes by proposing some biotechnological applications aimed at unraveling the connections between AM fungal diversity and their function to enhance efficacy of plant pathogen protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
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7
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Ho-Plágaro T, Usman M, Swinnen J, Ruytinx J, Gosti F, Gaillard I, Zimmermann SD. HcZnT2 is a highly mycorrhiza-induced zinc transporter from Hebeloma cylindrosporum in association with pine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1466279. [PMID: 39239207 PMCID: PMC11374630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1466279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) shortage is a common micronutrient deficiency affecting plants worldwide, while Zn toxicity may occur when this metal is in excess. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are known to be able to modulate the transfer of macro- and microelements, among them Zn, to the plant. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We identified the HcZnT2 gene from the ECM fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum, encoding a member of the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family including Zn transporters, and analyzed its transcriptional regulation, the transport function by yeast complementation experiments, and its subcellular localization using a GFP fusion protein in yeast. HcZnT2 is highly induced during mycorrhization of Pinus pinaster, and upregulated in presence of the host plant root even without any direct contact. However, HcZnT2 is repressed by Zn excess conditions. By functional expression in yeast, our results strongly support the ability of HcZnT2 to transport Zn and, to a lesser extent, manganese. HcZnT2 localization was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast. Mycorrhizal gene activation at low external Zn suggests that the Zn transporter HcZnT2 might be important for the early establishment of the ECM symbiosis during Zn deficiency, rather than under Zn excess. HcZnT2 arises as an extremely remarkable candidate playing a key role in Zn homeostasis and regulation in ectomycorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ho-Plágaro
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Muhammad Usman
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Janne Swinnen
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Françoise Gosti
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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8
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Berdaguer R, van der Wielen N, Lorenzo ZC, Testerink C, Karlova R. The bryophyte rhizoid-sphere microbiome responds to water deficit. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39078220 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The roots of vascular plants are colonised by a multitude of microbes, which play an important role in plant health and stress resilience. Drought stress in particular is devastating for crop yield and causes major shifts in the rhizosphere microbial communities. However, the microbiome associated to the rhizoids (hereafter termed rhizoid-sphere) of the nonvascular bryophytes remains largely unexplored. Here, we use amplicon sequencing to explore the rhizoid-sphere microbiome of three bryophyte species under drought and well-watered conditions. Comparing rhizoid-sphere microbial communities associated with the two liverworts Marchantia polymorpha and Marchantia paleacea and the moss Physcomitrium patens showed characteristic differences in composition between host species and both conserved and unique changes under drought. At phylum level, these changes were similar to changes in the rhizosphere of angiosperms under drought. Furthermore, we observed strong differences in rhizoid-sphere colonisation between bryophyte species for taxa known for nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Interestingly, M. polymorpha prioritised the growth of belowground organs under osmotic stress, as is the case for angiosperms under drought. Taken together, our results show interesting parallels between bryophytes and angiosperms in the relation with their rhizo(id-)sphere, suggesting evolutionary conservation among land plants in their response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Berdaguer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Zulema Carracedo Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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9
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Sgroi M, Hoey D, Medina Jimenez K, Bowden SL, Hope M, Wallington EJ, Schornack S, Bravo A, Paszkowski U. The receptor-like kinase ARK controls symbiotic balance across land plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318982121. [PMID: 39012828 PMCID: PMC11287157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318982121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis arose in land plants more than 450 million years ago and is still widely found in all major land plant lineages. Despite its broad taxonomic distribution, little is known about the molecular components underpinning symbiosis outside of flowering plants. The ARBUSCULAR RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (ARK) is required for sustaining AM symbiosis in distantly related angiosperms. Here, we demonstrate that ARK has an equivalent role in symbiosis maintenance in the bryophyte Marchantia paleacea and is part of a broad AM genetic program conserved among land plants. In addition, our comparative transcriptome analysis identified evolutionarily conserved expression patterns for several genes in the core symbiotic program required for presymbiotic signaling, intracellular colonization, and nutrient exchange. This study provides insights into the molecular pathways that consistently associate with AM symbiosis across land plants and identifies an ancestral role for ARK in governing symbiotic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sgroi
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - David Hoey
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah L. Bowden
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hope
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Wallington
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Bravo
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO63132
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
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10
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Duan S, Feng G, Limpens E, Bonfante P, Xie X, Zhang L. Cross-kingdom nutrient exchange in the plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-bacterium continuum. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01073-7. [PMID: 39014094 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Recent studies have identified AMF-associated bacteria as cooperative partners that participate in AMF-plant symbiosis: specific endobacteria live inside AMF, and hyphospheric bacteria colonize the soil that surrounds the extraradical hyphae. In this Review, we describe the concept of a plant-AMF-bacterium continuum, summarize current advances and provide perspectives on soil microbiology. First, we review the top-down carbon flow and the bottom-up mineral flow (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) in this continuum, as well as how AMF-bacteria interactions influence the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (for example, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). Second, we discuss how AMF interact with hyphospheric bacteria or endobacteria to regulate nutrient exchange between plants and AMF, and the possible molecular mechanisms that underpin this continuum. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the hyphosphere to facilitate the utilization of AMF and hyphospheric bacteria in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Sorwar E, Oliveira JIN, Malar C M, Krüger M, Corradi N. Assembly and comparative analyses of the Geosiphon pyriformis metagenome. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16681. [PMID: 39054868 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Geosiphon pyriformis, a representative of the fungal sub-phylum Glomeromycotina, is unique in its endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria within a fungal cell. This symbiotic relationship occurs in bladders containing nuclei of G. pyriformis, Mollicutes-like bacterial endosymbionts (MRE), and photosynthetically active and dividing cells of Nostoc punctiforme. Recent genome analyses have shed light on the biology of G. pyriformis, but the genome content and biology of its endosymbionts remain unexplored. To fill this gap, we gathered and examined metagenomic data from the bladders of G. pyriformis, where N. punctiforme and MRE are located. This ensures that our analyses are focused on the organs directly involved in the symbiosis. By comparing this data with the genetic information of related cyanobacteria and MREs from other species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, we aimed to reveal the genetic content of these organisms and understand how they interact at a genetic level to establish a symbiotic relationship. Our analyses uncovered significant gene expansions in the Nostoc endosymbiont, particularly in mobile elements and genes potentially involved in xenobiotic degradation. We also confirmed that the MRE of Glomeromycotina are monophyletic and possess a highly streamlined genome. These genomes show dramatic differences in both structure and content, including the presence of enzymes involved in environmental sensing and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Sorwar
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mathu Malar C
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuela Krüger
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Dhabalia Ashok A, de Vries S, Darienko T, Irisarri I, de Vries J. Evolutionary assembly of the plant terrestrialization toolkit from protein domains. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240985. [PMID: 39081174 PMCID: PMC11289646 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Land plants (embryophytes) came about in a momentous evolutionary singularity: plant terrestrialization. This event marks not only the conquest of land by plants but also the massive radiation of embryophytes into a diverse array of novel forms and functions. The unique suite of traits present in the earliest land plants is thought to have been ushered in by a burst in genomic novelty. Here, we asked the question of how these bursts were possible. For this, we explored: (i) the initial emergence and (ii) the reshuffling of domains to give rise to hallmark environmental response genes of land plants. We pinpoint that a quarter of the embryophytic genes for stress physiology are specific to the lineage, yet a significant portion of this novelty arises not de novo but from reshuffling and recombining of pre-existing domains. Our data suggest that novel combinations of old genomic substrate shaped the plant terrestrialization toolkit, including hallmark processes in signalling, biotic interactions and specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Dhabalia Ashok
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Section Phylogenomics, Centre for Molecular biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum of Nature Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg20146, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
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13
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Wang P, Zhong Y, Li Y, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen Z, Limpens E. The phosphate starvation response regulator PHR2 antagonizes arbuscule maintenance in Medicago. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38803107 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation response (PHR) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating phosphate uptake in plants through binding to the P1BS cis-element in the promoter of phosphate starvation response genes. Recently, PHRs were also shown to positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in rice and lotus by controlling the expression of many symbiotic genes. However, their role in arbuscule development has remained unclear. In Medicago, we previously showed that arbuscule degradation is controlled by two SPX proteins that are highly expressed in arbuscule-containing cells. Since SPX proteins bind to PHRs and repress their activity in a phosphate-dependent manner, we investigated whether arbuscule maintenance is also regulated by PHR. Here, we show that PHR2 is a major regulator of the phosphate starvation response in Medicago. Knockout of phr2 showed reduced phosphate starvation response, symbiotic gene expression, and fungal colonization levels. However, the arbuscules that formed showed less degradation, suggesting a negative role for PHR2 in arbuscule maintenance. This was supported by the observation that overexpression of PHR2 led to enhanced degradation of arbuscules. Although many arbuscule-induced genes contain P1BS elements in their promoters, we found that the P1BS cis-elements in the promoter of the symbiotic phosphate transporter PT4 are not required for arbuscule-containing cell expression. Since both PHR2 and SPX1/3 negatively affect arbuscule maintenance, our results indicate that they control arbuscule maintenance partly via different mechanisms. While PHR2 potentiates symbiotic gene expression and colonization, its activity in arbuscule-containing cells needs to be tightly controlled to maintain a successful symbiosis in Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Zhong
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenqian Zhu
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yuexuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zuohong Chen
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Erik Limpens
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
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14
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Puginier C, Libourel C, Otte J, Skaloud P, Haon M, Grisel S, Petersen M, Berrin JG, Delaux PM, Dal Grande F, Keller J. Phylogenomics reveals the evolutionary origins of lichenization in chlorophyte algae. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4452. [PMID: 38789482 PMCID: PMC11126685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic symbioses have contributed to major transitions in the evolution of life. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history and the molecular innovations at the origin of lichens, which are a symbiosis established between fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria. We de novo sequence the genomes or transcriptomes of 12 lichen algal symbiont (LAS) and closely related non-symbiotic algae (NSA) to improve the genomic coverage of Chlorophyte algae. We then perform ancestral state reconstruction and comparative phylogenomics. We identify at least three independent gains of the ability to engage in the lichen symbiosis, one in Trebouxiophyceae and two in Ulvophyceae, confirming the convergent evolution of the lichen symbioses. A carbohydrate-active enzyme from the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) family was identified as a top candidate for the molecular-mechanism underlying lichen symbiosis in Trebouxiophyceae. This GH8 was acquired in lichenizing Trebouxiophyceae by horizontal gene transfer, concomitantly with the ability to associate with lichens fungal symbionts (LFS) and is able to degrade polysaccharides found in the cell wall of LFS. These findings indicate that a combination of gene family expansion and horizontal gene transfer provided the basis for lichenization to evolve in chlorophyte algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Puginier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP, Toulouse, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cyril Libourel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP, Toulouse, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Juergen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pavel Skaloud
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-12800, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE Platform, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE Platform, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Malte Petersen
- High Performance Computing & Analytics Lab, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE Platform, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP, Toulouse, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Francesco Dal Grande
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP, Toulouse, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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15
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Lam AHC, Cooke A, Wright H, Lawson DM, Charpentier M. Evolution of endosymbiosis-mediated nuclear calcium signaling in land plants. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2212-2220.e7. [PMID: 38642549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The ability of fungi to establish mycorrhizal associations with plants and enhance the acquisition of mineral nutrients stands out as a key feature of terrestrial life. Evidence indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is a trait present in the common ancestor of land plants,1,2,3,4 suggesting that AM symbiosis was an important adaptation for plants in terrestrial environments.5 The activation of nuclear calcium signaling in roots is essential for AM within flowering plants.6 Given that the earliest land plants lacked roots, whether nuclear calcium signals are required for AM in non-flowering plants is unknown. To address this question, we explored the functional conservation of symbiont-induced nuclear calcium signals between the liverwort Marchantia paleacea and the legume Medicago truncatula. In M. paleacea, AM fungi penetrate the rhizoids and form arbuscules in the thalli.7 Here, we demonstrate that AM germinating spore exudate (GSE) activates nuclear calcium signals in the rhizoids of M. paleacea and that this activation is dependent on the nuclear-localized ion channel DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS 1 (MpaDMI1). However, unlike flowering plants, MpaDMI1-mediated calcium signaling is only required for the thalli colonization but not for the AM penetration within rhizoids. We further demonstrate that the mechanism of regulation of DMI1 has diverged between M. paleacea and M. truncatula, including a key amino acid residue essential to sustain DMI1 in an inactive state. Our study reveals functional evolution of nuclear calcium signaling between liverworts and flowering plants and opens new avenues of research into the mechanism of endosymbiosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson H C Lam
- John Innes Centre, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Aisling Cooke
- John Innes Centre, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hannah Wright
- John Innes Centre, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David M Lawson
- John Innes Centre, Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Myriam Charpentier
- John Innes Centre, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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16
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Maździarz M, Krawczyk K, Kurzyński M, Paukszto Ł, Szablińska-Piernik J, Szczecińska M, Sulima P, Sawicki J. Epitranscriptome insights into Riccia fluitans L. (Marchantiophyta) aquatic transition using nanopore direct RNA sequencing. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:399. [PMID: 38745128 PMCID: PMC11094948 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riccia fluitans, an amphibious liverwort, exhibits a fascinating adaptation mechanism to transition between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Utilizing nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we try to capture the complex epitranscriptomic changes undergone in response to land-water transition. RESULTS A significant finding is the identification of 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with a split of 33 downregulated in terrestrial forms and 12 upregulated in aquatic forms, indicating a robust transcriptional response to environmental changes. Analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications revealed 173 m6A sites in aquatic and only 27 sites in the terrestrial forms, indicating a significant increase in methylation in the former, which could facilitate rapid adaptation to changing environments. The aquatic form showed a global elongation bias in poly(A) tails, which is associated with increased mRNA stability and efficient translation, enhancing the plant's resilience to water stress. Significant differences in polyadenylation signals were observed between the two forms, with nine transcripts showing notable changes in tail length, suggesting an adaptive mechanism to modulate mRNA stability and translational efficiency in response to environmental conditions. This differential methylation and polyadenylation underline a sophisticated layer of post-transcriptional regulation, enabling Riccia fluitans to fine-tune gene expression in response to its living conditions. CONCLUSIONS These insights into transcriptome dynamics offer a deeper understanding of plant adaptation strategies at the molecular level, contributing to the broader knowledge of plant biology and evolution. These findings underscore the sophisticated post-transcriptional regulatory strategies Riccia fluitans employs to navigate the challenges of aquatic versus terrestrial living, highlighting the plant's dynamic adaptation to environmental stresses and its utility as a model for studying adaptation mechanisms in amphibious plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maździarz
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurzyński
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Monika Szczecińska
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Paweł Sulima
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, Olsztyn, 10-724, Poland
| | - Jakub Sawicki
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland.
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17
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Mishra S, Duarte GT, Horemans N, Ruytinx J, Gudkov D, Danchenko M. Complexity of responses to ionizing radiation in plants, and the impact on interacting biotic factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171567. [PMID: 38460702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In nature, plants are simultaneously exposed to different abiotic (e.g., heat, drought, and salinity) and biotic (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and insects) stresses. Climate change and anthropogenic pressure are expected to intensify the frequency of stress factors. Although plants are well equipped with unique and common defense systems protecting against stressors, they may compromise their growth and development for survival in such challenging environments. Ionizing radiation is a peculiar stress factor capable of causing clustered damage. Radionuclides are both naturally present on the planet and produced by human activities. Natural and artificial radioactivity affects plants on molecular, biochemical, cellular, physiological, populational, and transgenerational levels. Moreover, the fitness of pests, pathogens, and symbionts is concomitantly challenged in radiologically contaminated areas. Plant responses to artificial acute ionizing radiation exposure and laboratory-simulated or field chronic exposure are often discordant. Acute or chronic ionizing radiation exposure may occasionally prime the defense system of plants to better tolerate the biotic stress or could often exhaust their metabolic reserves, making plants more susceptible to pests and pathogens. Currently, these alternatives are only marginally explored. Our review summarizes the available literature on the responses of host plants, biotic factors, and their interaction to ionizing radiation exposure. Such systematic analysis contributes to improved risk assessment in radiologically contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Mishra
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Gustavo Turqueto Duarte
- Unit for Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nele Horemans
- Unit for Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dmitri Gudkov
- Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04210 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia.
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18
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Isidra-Arellano MC, Singh J, Valdés-López O. Unraveling the potential of the strigolactones-NSP1/NSP2 friendship in crop improvement. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:501-503. [PMID: 38158302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are fundamental to the ability of plants to cope with phosphate deficiency. A recent study by Yuan et al. indicates that the genetic module PHR2/NSP1/NSP2 is crucial in activating SL biosynthesis and signaling under inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency. Furthermore, this genetic module is essential for improving Pi and nitrogen homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jawahar Singh
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Oswaldo Valdés-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, México.
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19
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Feng X, Zheng J, Irisarri I, Yu H, Zheng B, Ali Z, de Vries S, Keller J, Fürst-Jansen JMR, Dadras A, Zegers JMS, Rieseberg TP, Dhabalia Ashok A, Darienko T, Bierenbroodspot MJ, Gramzow L, Petroll R, Haas FB, Fernandez-Pozo N, Nousias O, Li T, Fitzek E, Grayburn WS, Rittmeier N, Permann C, Rümpler F, Archibald JM, Theißen G, Mower JP, Lorenz M, Buschmann H, von Schwartzenberg K, Boston L, Hayes RD, Daum C, Barry K, Grigoriev IV, Wang X, Li FW, Rensing SA, Ben Ari J, Keren N, Mosquna A, Holzinger A, Delaux PM, Zhang C, Huang J, Mutwil M, de Vries J, Yin Y. Genomes of multicellular algal sisters to land plants illuminate signaling network evolution. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1018-1031. [PMID: 38693345 PMCID: PMC11096116 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Zygnematophyceae are the algal sisters of land plants. Here we sequenced four genomes of filamentous Zygnematophyceae, including chromosome-scale assemblies for three strains of Zygnema circumcarinatum. We inferred traits in the ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and land plants that might have ushered in the conquest of land by plants: expanded genes for signaling cascades, environmental response, and multicellular growth. Zygnematophyceae and land plants share all the major enzymes for cell wall synthesis and remodifications, and gene gains shaped this toolkit. Co-expression network analyses uncover gene cohorts that unite environmental signaling with multicellular developmental programs. Our data shed light on a molecular chassis that balances environmental response and growth modulation across more than 600 million years of streptophyte evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Feng
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jinfang Zheng
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Section Phylogenomics, Centre for Molecular biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Huihui Yu
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zahin Ali
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Armin Dadras
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jaccoline M S Zegers
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tim P Rieseberg
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amra Dhabalia Ashok
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maaike J Bierenbroodspot
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lydia Gramzow
- University of Jena, Matthias Schleiden Institute/Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Romy Petroll
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Haas
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture 'La Mayora', Málaga, Spain
| | - Orestis Nousias
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tang Li
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Elisabeth Fitzek
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - W Scott Grayburn
- Northern Illinois University, Molecular Core Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Nina Rittmeier
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Research Group Plant Cell Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charlotte Permann
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Research Group Plant Cell Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Rümpler
- University of Jena, Matthias Schleiden Institute/Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Günter Theißen
- University of Jena, Matthias Schleiden Institute/Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Jeffrey P Mower
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Maike Lorenz
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae at Goettingen University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Buschmann
- University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Faculty of Applied Computer Sciences and Biosciences, Section Biotechnology and Chemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Universität Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lori Boston
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Richard D Hayes
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chris Daum
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiyin Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Ben Ari
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Keren
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Mosquna
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Research Group Plant Cell Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Chi Zhang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, NE, USA
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jinling Huang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan de Vries
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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20
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Rehneke L, Schäfer P. Symbiont effector-guided mapping of proteins in plant networks to improve crop climate stress resilience: Symbiont effectors inform highly interconnected plant protein networks and provide an untapped resource for crop climate resilience strategies. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300172. [PMID: 38388783 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel protection strategies to sustainably secure crop production under changing climates. Studying microbial effectors, defined as microbe-derived proteins that alter signalling inside plant cells, has advanced our understanding of plant immunity and microbial plant colonisation strategies. Our understanding of effectors in the establishment and beneficial outcome of plant symbioses is less well known. Combining functional and comparative interaction assays uncovered specific symbiont effector targets in highly interconnected plant signalling networks and revealed the potential of effectors in beneficially modulating plant traits. The diverse functionality of symbiont effectors differs from the paradigmatic immuno-suppressive function of pathogen effectors. These effectors provide solutions for improving crop resilience against climate stress by their evolution-driven specification in host protein targeting and modulation. Symbiont effectors represent stringent tools not only to identify genetic targets for crop breeding, but to serve as applicable agents in crop management strategies under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rehneke
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Prathapan P. Characterisation of the fig-fig wasp holobiont. Biosystems 2024; 237:105162. [PMID: 38395103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants and animals have long been considered distinct kingdoms, yet here a 'plant-animal' is described. An extraordinary symbiosis in which neither organism can reproduce without the other, the fig tree (Ficus) provides the habitat for its exclusive pollinator: the fig wasp (Agaonidae). Characterising the 'fig-fig wasp holobiont' acknowledges, for the first time, 'plant-animal symbiogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Prathapan
- New Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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22
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Bai X, Han Y, Han L. Transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interaction with growth-promoting Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens strain P9. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298303. [PMID: 38358983 PMCID: PMC10868839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 can improve peanut growth. In this study, a co-culture system of strain P9 and peanut was established to analyze the transcriptome of peanut roots interacting with P9 for 24 and 72 h. During the early stage of co-culturing, genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca2+ signal transduction, ethylene synthesis, and cell wall pectin degradation were induced, and the up-regulation of phenylpropanoid derivative, flavonoid, and isoflavone synthesis enhanced the defense response of peanut. The enhanced expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, circadian rhythm regulation, indoleacetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and cytokinin decomposition promoted root growth and development. At the late stage of co-culturing, ethylene synthesis was reduced, whereas Ca2+ signal transduction, isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated, thereby maintaining root ROS homeostasis. Sugar decomposition and oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism were induced, and peanut growth was significantly promoted. Finally, the gene expression of seedlings inoculated with strain P9 exhibited temporal differences. The results of our study, which explored transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interacting with P9, provide a basis for elucidating the growth-promoting mechanism of this bacterial strain in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yujie Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lizhen Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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23
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Nomura T, Seto Y, Kyozuka J. Unveiling the complexity of strigolactones: exploring structural diversity, biosynthesis pathways, and signaling mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1134-1147. [PMID: 37877933 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone is the collective name for compounds containing a butenolide as a part of their structure, first discovered as compounds that induce seed germination of root parasitic plants. They were later found to be rhizosphere signaling molecules that induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and, finally, they emerged as a class of plant hormones. Strigolactones are found in root exudates, where they display a great variability in their chemical structure. Their structure varies among plant species, and multiple strigolactones can exist in one species. Over 30 strigolactones have been identified, yet the chemical structure of the strigolactone that functions as an endogenous hormone and is found in the above-ground parts of plants remains unknown. We discuss our current knowledge of the synthetic pathways of diverse strigolactones and their regulation, as well as recent progress in identifying strigolactones as plant hormones. Strigolactone is perceived by the DWARF14 (D14), receptor, an α/β hydrolase which originated by gene duplication of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2). D14 and KAI2 signaling pathways are partially overlapping paralogous pathways. Progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms mediated by two α/β hydrolase receptors as well as remaining challenges in the field of strigolactone research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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24
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A L, J K. At the root of plant symbioses: Untangling the genetic mechanisms behind mutualistic associations. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102448. [PMID: 37758591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions between plants and microorganisms shape the continuous evolution and adaptation of plants such as to the terrestrial environment that was a founding event of subsequent life on land. Such interactions also play a central role in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and are of primary importance for a sustainable future. To boost plant's productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, new approaches involving associated symbiotic organisms have recently been explored. New discoveries on mutualistic symbioses evolution and the interaction between partners will be key steps to enhance plant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebreton A
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Keller J
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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25
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Ponce de León I. Evolution of immunity networks across embryophytes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102450. [PMID: 37704543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Land plants (embryophytes), including vascular (tracheophytes) and non-vascular plants (bryophytes), co-evolved with microorganisms since descendants of an algal ancestor colonized terrestrial habitats around 500 million years ago. To cope with microbial pathogen infections, embryophytes evolved a complex immune system for pathogen perception and activation of defenses. With the growing number of sequenced genomes and transcriptome datasets from algae, bryophytes, tracheophytes, and available plant models, comparative analyses are increasing our understanding of the evolution of molecular mechanisms underpinning immune responses in different plant lineages. In this review, recent progress on plant immunity networks is highlighted with emphasis on the identification of key components that shaped immunity against pathogens in bryophytes compared to angiosperms during plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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26
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Wang Q, Liu M, Wang Z, Li J, Liu K, Huang D. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant abiotic stress. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1323881. [PMID: 38312502 PMCID: PMC10835807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can penetrate plant root cortical cells, establish a symbiosis with most land plant species, and form branched structures (known as arbuscules) for nutrient exchange. Plants have evolved a complete plant-AMF symbiosis system to sustain their growth and development under various types of abiotic stress. Here, we highlight recent studies of AM symbiosis and the regulation of symbiosis process. The roles of mycorrhizal symbiosis and host plant interactions in enhancing drought resistance, increasing mineral nutrient uptake, regulating hormone synthesis, improving salt resistance, and alleviating heavy metal stress were also discussed. Overall, studies of AM symbiosis and a variety of abiotic stresses will aid applications of AMF in sustainable agriculture and can improve plant production and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhifan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Junrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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27
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Castel B, El Mahboubi K, Jacquet C, Delaux PM. Immunobiodiversity: Conserved and specific immunity across land plants and beyond. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:92-111. [PMID: 38102829 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms represent most plants that humans cultivate, grow, and eat. However, angiosperms are only one of five major land plant lineages. As a whole lineage, plants also include algal groups. All these clades represent a tremendous genetic diversity that can be investigated to reveal the evolutionary history of any given mechanism. In this review, we describe the current model of the plant immune system, discuss its evolution based on the recent literature, and propose future directions for the field. In angiosperms, plant-microbe interactions have been intensively studied, revealing essential cell surface and intracellular immune receptors, as well as metabolic and hormonal defense pathways. Exploring diversity at the genomic and functional levels demonstrates the conservation of these pathways across land plants, some of which are beyond plants. On basis of the conserved mechanisms, lineage-specific variations have occurred, leading to diversified reservoirs of immune mechanisms. In rare cases, this diversity has been harnessed and successfully transferred to other species by integration of wild immune receptors or engineering of novel forms of receptors for improved resistance to pathogens. We propose that exploring further the diversity of immune mechanisms in the whole plant lineage will reveal completely novel sources of resistance to be deployed in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Castel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Karima El Mahboubi
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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28
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Sperschneider J, Yildirir G, Rizzi YS, Malar C M, Mayrand Nicol A, Sorwar E, Villeneuve-Laroche M, Chen ECH, Iwasaki W, Brauer EK, Bosnich W, Gutjahr C, Corradi N. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi heterokaryons have two nuclear populations with distinct roles in host-plant interactions. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2142-2153. [PMID: 37884816 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are prominent root symbionts that can carry thousands of nuclei deriving from two parental strains in a large syncytium. These co-existing genomes can also vary in abundance with changing environmental conditions. Here we assemble the nuclear genomes of all four publicly available AMF heterokaryons using PacBio high-fidelity and Hi-C sequencing. We find that the two co-existing genomes of these strains are phylogenetically related but differ in structure, content and epigenetics. We confirm that AMF heterokaryon genomes vary in relative abundance across conditions and show this can lead to nucleus-specific differences in expression during interactions with plants. Population analyses also reveal signatures of genetic exchange indicative of past events of sexual reproduction in these strains. This work uncovers the origin and contribution of two nuclear genomes in AMF heterokaryons and opens avenues for the improvement and environmental application of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sperschneider
- Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gokalp Yildirir
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanina S Rizzi
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mathu Malar C
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Essam Sorwar
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric C H Chen
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elizabeth K Brauer
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Whynn Bosnich
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Zhang Y, Cao JJ, Yang QP, Wu MZ, Zhao Y, Kong DL. The worldwide allometric relationship in anatomical structures for plant roots. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:621-629. [PMID: 38197011 PMCID: PMC10772186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The cortex (i.e., absorptive tissue) and stele (transportive vascular tissue) are fundamental to the function of plant roots. Unraveling how these anatomical structures are assembled in absorptive roots is essential for our understanding of plant ecology, physiology, and plant responses to global environmental changes. In this review, we first compile a large data set on anatomical traits in absorptive roots, including cortex thickness and stele radius, across 698 observations and 512 species. Using this data set, we reveal a common root allometry in absorptive root structures, i.e., cortex thickness increases much faster than stele radius with increasing root diameter (hereafter, root allometry). Root allometry is further validated within and across plant growth forms (woody, grass, and liana species), mycorrhiza types (arbuscular mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, and orchid mycorrhizas), phylogenetic gradients (from ferns to Orchidaceae), and environmental change scenarios (e.g., elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen fertilization). These findings indicate that root allometry is common in plants. Importantly, root allometry varies greatly across species. We then summarize recent research on the mechanisms of root allometry and potential issues regarding these mechanisms. We further discuss ecological and evolutionary implications of root allometry. Finally, we propose several important research directions that should be pursued regarding root allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qing-Pei Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming-Zuo Wu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - De-Liang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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30
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Ning J, Gu X, Zhou J, Zhang H, Sun J, Zhao L. Palmitoleic acid as a coordinating molecule between the invasive pinewood nematode and its newly associated fungi. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1862-1871. [PMID: 37604917 PMCID: PMC10579226 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms are ubiquitous on the body surface or internal tissues of invertebrates, providing them with benefits. Developing symbiotic relationships requires synchronization of developmental stages and physical proximity of partners. Therefore, the identification of metabolites that coordinate the reproduction of symbiotic partners is essential. This study demonstrates that palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) coordinates bilateral propagation by regulating the synchronization of reproduction between the invasive pinewood nematode (PWN) and its newly associated blue-stain fungus, Sporothrix sp.1. When the PWN fed on Sporothrix sp.1, there was a significant increase in lipid metabolism gene expression and metabolite abundance. Through further investigations, it highlighted a significant enhancement in the reproduction of the PWN through direct acquisition of C16: 1, which was abundantly present in Sporothrix sp.1. Furthermore, the PWN biosynthesized C16: 1 through the involvement of the stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase gene fat-5 and its hormone nuclear receptor nhr-80, which was clarified to promote the egg-laying capacity of females. Moreover, it is worth noting that the production of C16: 1 was significantly higher by the associated fungus Sporothrix sp.1 to enhance sporulation during the spore formation phase compared to the hypha growth phase. Thus, by coordinating the fecundity and spore production, the key lipid metabolite C16: 1 facilitates the rapid and successful colonization of a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between the invasive PWN and the native Sporothrix sp.1 within the host. This finding emphasizes the significant role of metabolite sharing and its function in promoting partner synchronization within symbiotic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions/College of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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31
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Fan X, Xie H, Huang X, Zhang S, Nie Y, Chen H, Xie X, Tang M. A module centered on the transcription factor Msn2 from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis regulates drought stress tolerance in the host plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1497-1518. [PMID: 37370253 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form mutualistic endosymbiosis with > 70% of land plants for obtaining fatty acids and sugars, in return, AM fungi promote plant nutrients and water acquisition to enhance plant fitness. However, how AM fungi orchestrate its own signaling components in response to drought stress remains elusive. Here, we identify a transcription factor containing C2H2 zinc finger domains, RiMsn2 from Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize the RiMsn2, we combined heterologous expression, subcellular localization in yeasts, and biochemical and molecular studies with reverse genetics approaches during the in planta phase. The results indicate that RiMsn2 is highly conserved across AM fungal species and induced during the early stages of symbiosis. It is significantly upregulated in mycorrhizal roots under severe drought conditions. The nucleus-localized RiMsn2 regulates osmotic homeostasis and trehalose contents of yeasts. Importantly, gene silencing analyses indicate that RiMsn2 is essential for arbuscule formation and enhances plant tolerance to drought stress. Results from yeasts and biochemical experiments suggest that the RiHog1-RiMsn2-STREs module controls the drought stress-responsive genes in AM fungal symbiont. In conclusion, our findings reveal that a module centered on the transcriptional activator RiMsn2 from AM fungus regulates drought stress tolerance in host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongyun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuying Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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32
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Xie Q, Xia Y, Lu L, Wang M, Wang G, Long S, Cai Y, Xu L, Wang E, Jiang Y. Control of arbuscule development by a transcriptional negative feedback loop in Medicago. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5743. [PMID: 37717076 PMCID: PMC10505183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide them with lipids and sugars in exchange for phosphorus and nitrogen. Nutrient exchange must be dynamically controlled to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship between the two symbiotic partners. The WRI5a and its homologues play a conserved role in lipid supply to AMF. Here, we demonstrate that the AP2/ERF transcription factor MtERM1 binds directly to AW-box and AW-box-like cis-elements in the promoters of MtSTR2 and MtSTR, which are required for host lipid efflux and arbuscule development. The EAR domain-containing transcription factor MtERF12 is also directly activated by MtERM1/MtWRI5a to negatively regulate arbuscule development, and the TOPLESS co-repressor is further recruited by MtERF12 through EAR motif to oppose MtERM1/MtWRI5a function, thereby suppressing arbuscule development. We therefore reveal an ERM1/WRI5a-ERF12-TOPLESS negative feedback loop that enables plants to flexibly control nutrient exchange and ensure a mutually beneficial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjun Xia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Long
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yina Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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Yotsui I, Matsui H, Miyauchi S, Iwakawa H, Melkonian K, Schlüter T, Michavila S, Kanazawa T, Nomura Y, Stolze SC, Jeon HW, Yan Y, Harzen A, Sugano SS, Shirakawa M, Nishihama R, Ichihashi Y, Ibanez SG, Shirasu K, Ueda T, Kohchi T, Nakagami H. LysM-mediated signaling in Marchantia polymorpha highlights the conservation of pattern-triggered immunity in land plants. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3732-3746.e8. [PMID: 37619565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-triggered immunity (PTI) wards off a wide range of pathogenic microbes, playing a pivotal role in angiosperms. The model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha triggers defense-related gene expression upon sensing components of bacterial and fungal extracts, suggesting the existence of PTI in this plant model. However, the molecular components of the putative PTI in M. polymorpha and the significance of PTI in bryophytes have not yet been described. We here show that M. polymorpha has four lysin motif (LysM)-domain-containing receptor homologs, two of which, LysM-receptor-like kinase (LYK) MpLYK1 and LYK-related (LYR) MpLYR, are responsible for sensing chitin and peptidoglycan fragments, triggering a series of characteristic immune responses. Comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis of M. polymorpha in response to chitin treatment identified regulatory proteins that potentially shape LysM-mediated PTI. The identified proteins included homologs of well-described PTI components in angiosperms as well as proteins whose roles in PTI are not yet determined, including the blue-light receptor phototropin MpPHOT. We revealed that MpPHOT is required for negative feedback of defense-related gene expression during PTI. Taken together, this study outlines the basic framework of LysM-mediated PTI in M. polymorpha and highlights conserved elements and new aspects of pattern-triggered immunity in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Yotsui
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyauchi
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Titus Schlüter
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Santiago Michavila
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Nomura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hyung-Woo Jeon
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yijia Yan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shigeo S Sugano
- Bioproduction Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Selena Gimenez Ibanez
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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Vigneron N, Grimplet J, Remolif E, Rienth M. Unravelling molecular mechanisms involved in resistance priming against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:14664. [PMID: 37674030 PMCID: PMC10482922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew (DM; Plasmopara viticola) is amongst the most severe fungal diseases in viticulture and the reason for the majority of fungicide applications. To reduce synthetic and copper-based fungicides, there is an urgent need for natural alternatives, which are being increasingly tested by the industry and the research community. However, their mode of action remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic changes induced by oregano essential oil vapour (OEOV) in DM-infected grapevines. OEOV was applied at different time points before and after DM infection to differentiate between a priming effect and a direct effect. Both pre-DM treatment with OEOV and post-infection treatment resulted in a significant reduction in DM sporulation. RNA-seq, followed by differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, identified co-expressed gene modules associated with secondary metabolism, pathogen recognition and response. Surprisingly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficiency of OEOV against DM appear to be independent of stilbene synthesis, and instead involve genes from a putative signalling pathway that has yet to be characterized. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular regulation of innate plant immunity and provides new insights into the mode of action of alternative natural antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vigneron
- University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Changins College for Viticulture and Enology, Route de Duillier 60, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Avda. Montanaña 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eric Remolif
- Agroscope, Plant Protection, Mycology, Route de Duillier 60, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rienth
- University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Changins College for Viticulture and Enology, Route de Duillier 60, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland.
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Parra-Aguilar TJ, Sarmiento-López LG, Santana O, Olivares JE, Pascual-Morales E, Jiménez-Jiménez S, Quero-Hostos A, Palacios-Martínez J, Chávez-Martínez AI, Cárdenas L. TETRASPANIN 8-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris plays a key role during mutualistic interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152493. [PMID: 37465390 PMCID: PMC10352089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia form two of the most important plant-microbe associations for the assimilation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Symbiont-derived signals are able to coordinate the infection process by triggering multiple responses in the plant root, such as calcium influxes and oscillations, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoskeletal rearrangements and altered gene expression. An examination was made of the role of tetraspanins, which are transmembrane proteins that self-organize into tetraspanin web regions, where they recruit specific proteins into platforms required for signal transduction, membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and ROS generation. In plant cells, tetraspanins are scaffolding proteins associated with root radial patterning, biotic and abiotic stress responses, cell fate determination, plasmodesmata and hormonal regulation. Some plant tetraspanins, such as Arabidopsis thaliana TETRASPANIN 8 and TETRASPANIN 9 (AtTET8 and AtTET9) are associated with exosomes during inter-kingdom communication. In this study, a homolog of AtTET8, PvTET8-1, in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Negro Jamapa) was examined in roots during interactions with Rhizobium tropici and Rhizophagus irregularis. The promoter of PvTET8-1 contained several cis-acting regulatory DNA elements potentially related to mutualistic interactions, and PvTET8-1 was transcriptionally activated during AM fungal and rhizobial associations. Silencing it decreased the size and number of nodules, nitrogen fixation, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation, whereas overexpressing it increased the size and number of nodules, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation but decreased nitrogen fixation. PvTET8-1 appears to be an important element in both of these mutualistic interactions, perhaps through its interaction with NADPH oxidase and the generation of ROS during the infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma J. Parra-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Olivia Santana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Elías Olivares
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edgar Pascual-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Saul Jiménez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Andrea Quero-Hostos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Janet Palacios-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana I. Chávez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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36
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Kaumbu JMK, Sene G, Stefani F, Khasa DP. Characterization of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated with rosewood in threatened Miombo forests. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:277-288. [PMID: 37368151 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in response to land use change is important for the restoration of degraded forests. Here, we investigated the AMF community composition in the roots of Pterocarpus tinctorius sampled from agricultural and forest fallow soils rich in aluminum and iron. By sequencing the large subunit region of the rRNA gene, we identified a total of 30 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 33 root samples. These OTUs belonged to the genera Rhizophagus, Dominikia, Glomus, Sclerocystis, and Scutellospora. The majority of these OTUs did not closely match any known AMF species. We found that AMF species richness was significantly influenced by soil properties and overall tree density. Acidic soils with high levels of aluminum and iron had a low mean AMF species richness of 3.2. Indicator species analyses revealed several AMF OTUs associated with base saturation (4 OTUs), high aluminum (3 OTUs), and iron (2 OTUs). OTUs positively correlated with acidity (1 OTU), iron, and available phosphorus (2 OTUs) were assigned to the genus Rhizophagus, suggesting their tolerance to aluminum and iron. The results highlight the potential of leguminous trees in tropical dry forests as a reservoir of unknown AMF species. The baseline data obtained in this study opens new avenues for future studies, including the use of indigenous AMF-based biofertilizers to implement ecological revegetation strategies and improve land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Kyalamakasa Kaumbu
- Ecology, Ecological Restoration and Landscape Research Unit, Agronomy Faculty, University of Lubumbashi, Route Kasapa, Campus Universitaire, Lubumbashi, BP 1825, Congo
- Centre d'Étude de La Forêt (CEF) and the Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada
| | - Godar Sene
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, BP 5005, Sénégal.
- Centre d'Étude de La Forêt (CEF) and the Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada.
| | - Franck Stefani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Damase P Khasa
- Centre d'Étude de La Forêt (CEF) and the Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada
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Libourel C, Keller J, Brichet L, Cazalé AC, Carrère S, Vernié T, Couzigou JM, Callot C, Dufau I, Cauet S, Marande W, Bulach T, Suin A, Masson-Boivin C, Remigi P, Delaux PM, Capela D. Comparative phylotranscriptomics reveals ancestral and derived root nodule symbiosis programmes. NATURE PLANTS 2023:10.1038/s41477-023-01441-w. [PMID: 37322127 PMCID: PMC10356618 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic interactions such as the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS) have structured ecosystems during the evolution of life. Here we aimed at reconstructing ancestral and intermediate steps that shaped RNS observed in extant flowering plants. We compared the symbiotic transcriptomic responses of nine host plants, including the mimosoid legume Mimosa pudica for which we assembled a chromosome-level genome. We reconstructed the ancestral RNS transcriptome composed of most known symbiotic genes together with hundreds of novel candidates. Cross-referencing with transcriptomic data in response to experimentally evolved bacterial strains with gradual symbiotic proficiencies, we found the response to bacterial signals, nodule infection, nodule organogenesis and nitrogen fixation to be ancestral. By contrast, the release of symbiosomes was associated with recently evolved genes encoding small proteins in each lineage. We demonstrate that the symbiotic response was mostly in place in the most recent common ancestor of the RNS-forming species more than 90 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Libourel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lukas Brichet
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Sébastien Carrère
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tatiana Vernié
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Malo Couzigou
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Callot
- INRAE, CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Isabelle Dufau
- INRAE, CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Cauet
- INRAE, CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - William Marande
- INRAE, CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tabatha Bulach
- INRAE, US1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Amandine Suin
- INRAE, US1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Philippe Remigi
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Delphine Capela
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Ji C, Song F, He C, An J, Huang S, Yu H, Lu H, Xiao S, Bucher M, Pan Z. Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis reveals candidate miRNA family regulating arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Poncirus trifoliata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1805-1821. [PMID: 36760042 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over 70% land plants live in mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and maintenance of symbiosis requires transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The former has been widely studied, whereas the latter mediated by symbiotic microRNAs (miRNAs) remains obscure, especially in woody plants. Here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of the perennial woody citrus plant Poncirus trifoliata and identified 3750 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 42 miRNAs (DEmiRs) upon AM fungal colonization. By analyzing cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of the DEGs, we predicted 329 key AM transcription factors (TFs). A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was then constructed by integrating these data. Several candidate miRNA families of P. trifoliata were identified whose members target known symbiotic genes, such as miR167h-AMT2;3 and miR156e-EXO70I, or key TFs, such as miR164d-NAC and miR477a-GRAS, thus are involved in AM symbiotic processes of fungal colonization, arbuscule development, nutrient exchange and phytohormone signaling. Finally, analysis of selected miRNA family revealed that a miR159b conserved in mycorrhizal plant species and a Poncirus-specific miR477a regulate AM symbiosis. The role of miR477a was likely to target GRAS family gene RAD1 in citrus plants. Our results not only revealed that miRNA-mRNA network analysis, especially miRNA-TF analysis, is effective in identifying miRNA family regulating AM symbiosis, but also shed light on miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of AM symbiosis in woody citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanya Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyong An
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shengyu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Lu
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Leng J, Wei X, Jin X, Wang L, Fan K, Zou K, Zheng Z, Saridis G, Zhao N, Zhou D, Duanmu D, Wang E, Cui H, Bucher M, Xue L. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA-INDUCED KINASES AMK8 and AMK24 associate with the receptor-like kinase KINASE3 to regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2006-2026. [PMID: 36808553 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a widespread, ancient mutualistic association between plants and fungi, and facilitates nutrient uptake into plants. Cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play pivotal roles in transmembrane signaling, while few RLCKs are known to function in AM symbiosis. Here, we show that 27 out of 40 AM-induced kinases (AMKs) are transcriptionally upregulated by key AM transcription factors in Lotus japonicus. Nine AMKs are only conserved in AM-host lineages, among which the SPARK-RLK-encoding gene KINASE3 (KIN3) and the RLCK paralogues AMK8 and AMK24 are required for AM symbiosis. KIN3 expression is directly regulated by the AP2 transcription factor CTTC MOTIF-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CBX1), which regulates the reciprocal exchange of nutrients in AM symbiosis, via the AW-box motif in the KIN3 promoter. Loss of function mutations in KIN3, AMK8, or AMK24 result in reduced mycorrhizal colonization in L. japonicus. AMK8 and AMK24 physically interact with KIN3. KIN3 and AMK24 are active kinases and AMK24 directly phosphorylates KIN3 in vitro. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of OsRLCK171, the sole homolog of AMK8 and AMK24 in rice (Oryza sativa), leads to diminished mycorrhization with stunted arbuscules. Overall, our results reveal a crucial role of the CBX1-driven RLK/RLCK complex in the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway enabling arbuscule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Leng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinyi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Longxiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ke Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zichao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Georgios Saridis
- Institute for Plant Science, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Ningkang Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Institute for Plant Science, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Li Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Kelly S, Hansen SB, Rübsam H, Saake P, Pedersen EB, Gysel K, Madland E, Wu S, Wawra S, Reid D, Sullivan JT, Blahovska Z, Vinther M, Muszynski A, Azadi P, Thygesen MB, Aachmann FL, Ronson CW, Zuccaro A, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J. A glycan receptor kinase facilitates intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhiza and symbiotic rhizobia in the legume Lotus japonicus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002127. [PMID: 37200394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors that distinguish the multitude of microbes surrounding plants in the environment enable dynamic responses to the biotic and abiotic conditions encountered. In this study, we identify and characterise a glycan receptor kinase, EPR3a, closely related to the exopolysaccharide receptor EPR3. Epr3a is up-regulated in roots colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and is able to bind glucans with a branching pattern characteristic of surface-exposed fungal glucans. Expression studies with cellular resolution show localised activation of the Epr3a promoter in cortical root cells containing arbuscules. Fungal infection and intracellular arbuscule formation are reduced in epr3a mutants. In vitro, the EPR3a ectodomain binds cell wall glucans in affinity gel electrophoresis assays. In microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays, rhizobial exopolysaccharide binding is detected with affinities comparable to those observed for EPR3, and both EPR3a and EPR3 bind a well-defined β-1,3/β-1,6 decasaccharide derived from exopolysaccharides of endophytic and pathogenic fungi. Both EPR3a and EPR3 function in the intracellular accommodation of microbes. However, contrasting expression patterns and divergent ligand affinities result in distinct functions in AM colonisation and rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus. The presence of Epr3a and Epr3 genes in both eudicot and monocot plant genomes suggest a conserved function of these receptor kinases in glycan perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon B Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henriette Rübsam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Saake
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emil B Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Madland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John T Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zuzana Blahovska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Vinther
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Artur Muszynski
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- NOBIPOL (Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clive W Ronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Heklau H, Schindler N, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Bruelheide H. Temporal variation of mycorrhization rates in a tree diversity experiment. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10002. [PMID: 37091560 PMCID: PMC10115898 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While mycorrhization rates have been studied in different contexts, not much is known about their temporal patterns across seasons. Here, we asked how mycorrhization rates of 10 deciduous trees assessed by microscopy changed from winter to spring to early summer. We made use of a tree diversity experiment on nutrient-rich soil (former farmland) in Central Germany. In the experiment, saplings of host species with a preference for either arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (EM) were planted in monocultures, two-species, and four-species mixtures. In addition, mixtures were composed of tree species of only one mycorrhizal type or by AM/EM trees. For almost all species, with the exception of Aesculus hippocastanum and Acer pseudoplatanus (only AM), dual mycorrhization with both types (AM and EM) was found at every sampling time (December, March, and May), although the expected preferences for certain mycorrhizal types were confirmed. The sampling date had a significant influence on mycorrhization rates of both EM and AM tree species. Frequencies of EM and AM were lowest in May, but there were no differences between December and March. The causes of this seasonal variation may be associated with climate-induced differences in carbon allocation to mycorrhizal tree roots in the temperate climate. Within individual trees, mycorrhization rates by AM and EM fungi were not correlated over time, pointing to asynchronous variation between both types and to independent drivers for AM and EM mycorrhization. At the community level, mycorrhiza frequency of either of the two types became more asynchronous from two-species to four-species mixtures. Thus, increased community asynchrony in mycorrhization could be another important mechanism in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Heklau
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle (Saale)06108Germany
| | - Nicole Schindler
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle (Saale)06108Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle (Saale)06108Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
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Frangedakis E, Marron AO, Waller M, Neubauer A, Tse SW, Yue Y, Ruaud S, Waser L, Sakakibara K, Szövényi P. What can hornworts teach us? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108027. [PMID: 36968370 PMCID: PMC10030945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hornworts are a small group of land plants, consisting of only 11 families and approximately 220 species. Despite their small size as a group, their phylogenetic position and unique biology are of great importance. Hornworts, together with mosses and liverworts, form the monophyletic group of bryophytes that is sister to all other land plants (Tracheophytes). It is only recently that hornworts became amenable to experimental investigation with the establishment of Anthoceros agrestis as a model system. In this perspective, we summarize the recent advances in the development of A. agrestis as an experimental system and compare it with other plant model systems. We also discuss how A. agrestis can help to further research in comparative developmental studies across land plants and to solve key questions of plant biology associated with the colonization of the terrestrial environment. Finally, we explore the significance of A. agrestis in crop improvement and synthetic biology applications in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan O. Marron
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Waller
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Neubauer
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sze Wai Tse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yuling Yue
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Ruaud
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Waser
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Péter Szövényi
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Rich M. Phylogenomics reveal that plants colonized land together with their fungal symbiotic partners. C R Biol 2023; 346:1-11. [PMID: 37254793 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Most extant land plants establish a mutually beneficial relationship with soil fungi called mycorrhizal symbiosis. From their partners, plants get access to mineral nutrient and water resources transported via a fungal network that acts like an extension of their root systems. Using genetic and molecular tools, we showed that distant plant species use similar molecular mechanisms during the symbiosis. This similarity suggests that those mechanisms were inherited from their last common ancestor, a lineage that emerged from an aquatic environment 450 million years ago. Thus, this plant fungal interaction could have helped the first land plants without structures adapted to soil exploration to survive and colonize this new environment.
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44
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Zhang S, Nie Y, Fan X, Wei W, Chen H, Xie X, Tang M. A transcriptional activator from Rhizophagus irregularis regulates phosphate uptake and homeostasis in AM symbiosis during phosphorous starvation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1114089. [PMID: 36741887 PMCID: PMC9895418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrient elements for plant growth and development. Under P starvation, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can promote phosphate (Pi) uptake and homeostasis within host plants. However, the underlying mechanisms by which AM fungal symbiont regulates the AM symbiotic Pi acquisition from soil under P starvation are largely unknown. Here, we identify a HLH domain containing transcription factor RiPho4 from Rhizophagus irregularis. Methods To investigate the biological functions of the RiPho4, we combined the subcellular localization and Yeast One-Hybrid (Y1H) experiments in yeasts with gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing approach during AM symbiosis. Results The approach during AM symbiosis. The results indicated that RiPho4 encodes a conserved transcription factor among different fungi and is induced during the in planta phase. The transcription of RiPho4 is significantly up-regulated by P starvation. The subcellular localization analysis revealed that RiPho4 is located in the nuclei of yeast cells during P starvation. Moreover, knock-down of RiPho4 inhibits the arbuscule development and mycorrhizal Pi uptake under low Pi conditions. Importantly, RiPho4 can positively regulate the downstream components of the phosphate (PHO) pathway in R. irregularis. Discussion In summary, these new findings reveal that RiPho4 acts as a transcriptional activator in AM fungus to maintain arbuscule development and regulate Pi uptake and homeostasis in the AM symbiosis during Pi starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianan Xie
- *Correspondence: Xianan Xie, ; Ming Tang,
| | - Ming Tang
- *Correspondence: Xianan Xie, ; Ming Tang,
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45
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Zeng Z, Liu Y, Feng XY, Li SX, Jiang XM, Chen JQ, Shao ZQ. The RNAome landscape of tomato during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reveals an evolving RNA layer symbiotic regulatory network. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100429. [PMID: 36071667 PMCID: PMC9860192 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) is an ancient plant-fungus relationship that is widely distributed in terrestrial plants. The formation of symbiotic structures and bidirectional nutrient exchange requires the regulation of numerous genes. However, the landscape of RNAome during plant AMS involving different types of regulatory RNA is poorly understood. In this study, a combinatorial strategy utilizing multiple sequencing approaches was used to decipher the landscape of RNAome in tomato, an emerging AMS model. The annotation of the tomato genome was improved by a multiple-platform sequencing strategy. A total of 3,174 protein-coding genes were upregulated during AMS, 42% of which were alternatively spliced. Comparative-transcriptome analysis revealed that genes from 24 orthogroups were consistently induced by AMS in eight phylogenetically distant angiosperms. Seven additional orthogroups were specifically induced by AMS in all surveyed dicot AMS host plants. However, these orthogroups were absent or not induced in monocots and/or non-AMS hosts, suggesting a continuously evolving AMS-responsive network in addition to a conserved core regulatory module. Additionally, we detected 587 lncRNAs, ten miRNAs, and 146 circRNAs that responded to AMS, which were incorporated to establish a tomato AMS-responsive, competing RNA-responsive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Finally, a tomato symbiotic transcriptome database (TSTD, https://efg.nju.edu.cn/TSTD) was constructed to serve as a resource for deep deciphering of the AMS regulatory network. These results help elucidate the reconfiguration of the tomato RNAome during AMS and suggest a sophisticated and evolving RNA layer responsive network during AMS processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sai-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Functional Endophytes Regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism: Current Status, Prospects and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021153. [PMID: 36674663 PMCID: PMC9867233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants' resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.
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47
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Cope KR, Prates ET, Miller JI, Demerdash ON, Shah M, Kainer D, Cliff A, Sullivan KA, Cashman M, Lane M, Matthiadis A, Labbé J, Tschaplinski TJ, Jacobson DA, Kalluri UC. Exploring the role of plant lysin motif receptor-like kinases in regulating plant-microbe interactions in the bioenergy crop Populus. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:1122-1139. [PMID: 36789259 PMCID: PMC9900275 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For plants, distinguishing between mutualistic and pathogenic microbes is a matter of survival. All microbes contain microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are perceived by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are PRRs attuned for binding and triggering a response to specific MAMPs, including chitin oligomers (COs) in fungi, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), which are produced by mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria, and peptidoglycan in bacteria. The identification and characterization of LysM-RLKs in candidate bioenergy crops including Populus are limited compared to other model plant species, thus inhibiting our ability to both understand and engineer microbe-mediated gains in plant productivity. As such, we performed a sequence analysis of LysM-RLKs in the Populus genome and predicted their function based on phylogenetic analysis with known LysM-RLKs. Then, using predictive models, molecular dynamics simulations, and comparative structural analysis with previously characterized CO and LCO plant receptors, we identified probable ligand-binding sites in Populus LysM-RLKs. Using several machine learning models, we predicted remarkably consistent binding affinity rankings of Populus proteins to CO. In addition, we used a modified Random Walk with Restart network-topology based approach to identify a subset of Populus LysM-RLKs that are functionally related and propose a corresponding signal transduction cascade. Our findings provide the first look into the role of LysM-RLKs in Populus-microbe interactions and establish a crucial jumping-off point for future research efforts to understand specificity and redundancy in microbial perception mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Cope
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Erica T. Prates
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - John I. Miller
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Omar N.A. Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Manesh Shah
- Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee–Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - David Kainer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ashley Cliff
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Kyle A. Sullivan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Mikaela Cashman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Matthew Lane
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Anna Matthiadis
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jesse Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Büttner H, Pidot SJ, Scherlach K, Hertweck C. Endofungal bacteria boost anthelminthic host protection with the biosurfactant symbiosin. Chem Sci 2022; 14:103-112. [PMID: 36605741 PMCID: PMC9769094 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective protection of soil fungi from predators is crucial for their survival in the niche. Thus, fungi have developed efficient defence strategies. We discovered that soil beneficial Mortierella fungi employ a potent cytotoxin (necroxime) against fungivorous nematodes. Interestingly, this anthelminthic agent is produced by bacterial endosymbionts (Candidatus Mycoavidus necroximicus) residing within the fungus. Analysis of the symbiont's genome indicated a rich biosynthetic potential, yet nothing has been known about additional metabolites and their potential synergistic functions. Here we report that two distinct Mortierella endosymbionts produce a novel cyclic lipodepsipeptide (symbiosin), that is clearly of bacterial origin, but has striking similarities to various fungal specialized metabolites. The structure and absolute configuration of symbiosin were fully elucidated. By comparative genomics of symbiosin-positive strains and in silico analyses of the deduced non-ribosomal synthetases, we assigned the (sym) biosynthetic gene cluster and proposed an assembly line model. Bioassays revealed that symbiosin is not only an antibiotic, in particular against mycobacteria, but also exhibits marked synergistic effects with necroxime in anti-nematode tests. By functional analyses and substitution experiments we found that symbiosin is a potent biosurfactant and that this particular property confers a boost in the anthelmintic action, similar to formulations of therapeutics in human medicine. Our findings illustrate that "combination therapies" against parasites already exist in ecological contexts, which may inspire the development of biocontrol agents and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Büttner
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745 JenaGermany
| | - Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute792 Elizabeth StreetMelbourne3000Australia
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745 JenaGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745 JenaGermany,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena07743 JenaGermany
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Muñoz E, Carneiro J. Plant-microbe symbiosis widens the habitability range of the Daisyworld. J Theor Biol 2022; 554:111275. [PMID: 36099938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe symbiosis is pervasive in the Earth's ecosystems and dates back to the early land colonisation by plants. Mutualistic partnership with rhizobia bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi promotes plant nutrition, growth and diversity, impacting important ecosystem functions. However, how the global behaviour and dynamical properties of an ecosystem are modified by plant-microbe symbiosis is still unclear. To tackle this theoretical question, we resorted to the Daisyworld as a toy model of the global ecosystem. We redesigned the original model to allow accounting for seed production, spreading, germination, and seedling development to mature seed-producing plants to describe how symbiotic and non-symbiotic daisy species differ in these key processes. Using the steady-state and bifurcation analysis of this model, we demonstrate that symbiosis with microbes broadens the habitability range of the Daisyworld by enhancing plant growth and/or facilitating plant access to otherwise uninhabitable nutrient-poor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal; Biology by Numbers Postdoctoral Programme, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Carneiro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova, Oeiras, Portugal
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Gao H, Ma K, Ji G, Pan L, Zhou Q. Lipid transfer proteins involved in plant-pathogen interactions and their molecular mechanisms. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1815-1829. [PMID: 36052490 PMCID: PMC9644281 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small, cysteine-rich proteins that play numerous functional roles in plant growth and development, including cutin wax formation, pollen tube adhesion, cell expansion, seed development, germination, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. LTPs contain eight conserved cysteine residues and a hydrophobic cavity that provides a wide variety of lipid-binding specificities. As members of the pathogenesis-related protein 14 family (PR14), many LTPs inhibit fungal or bacterial growth, and act as positive regulators in plant disease resistance. Over the past decade, these essential immunity-related roles of LTPs in plant immune processes have been documented in a growing body of literature. In this review, we summarize the roles of LTPs in plant-pathogen interactions, emphasizing the underlying molecular mechanisms in plant immune responses and specific LTP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gao
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
| | - Kang Ma
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
| | - Guojie Ji
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic MedicineSanquan College of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanChina
| | - Liying Pan
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
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