1
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Suek N, Young T, Fu J. Immune cell profiling in intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024:110808. [PMID: 38762429 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Since the first published case study of human intestinal transplantation in 1967, there have been significant studies of intestinal transplant immunology in both animal models and humans. An improved understanding of the profiles of different immune cell subsets is critical for understanding their contributions to graft outcomes. While different studies have focused on the contribution of one or a few subsets to intestinal transplant, no study has integrated these data for a comprehensive overview of immune dynamics after intestinal transplant. Here, we provide a systematic review of the literature on different immune subsets and discuss their roles in intestinal transplant outcomes on multiple levels, focusing on chimerism and graft immune reconstitution, clonal alloreactivity, and cell phenotype. In Sections 1, 2 and 3, we lay out a shared framework for understanding intestinal transplant, focusing on the mechanisms of rejection or tolerance in the context of mucosal immunology and illustrate the unique role of the bidirectional graft-versus-host (GvH) and host-versus-graft (HvG) alloresponse. In Sections 4, 5 and 6, we further expand upon these concepts as we discuss the contribution of different cell subsets to intestinal transplant. An improved understanding of intestinal transplantation immunology will bring us closer to maximizing the potential of this important treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Suek
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tyla Young
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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2
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Rodger B, Stagg AJ, Lindsay JO. The role of circulating T cells with a tissue resident phenotype (ex-T RM) in health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415914. [PMID: 38817613 PMCID: PMC11137204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are long-lived memory lymphocytes that persist in non-lymphoid tissues and provide the first line of defence against invading pathogens. They adapt to their environment in a tissue-specific manner, exerting effective pathogen control through a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytolytic proteins. More recently, several studies have indicated that TRM can egress from the tissue into the blood as so-called "ex-TRM", or "circulating cells with a TRM phenotype". The numerically small ex-TRM population can re-differentiate in the circulation, giving rise to new memory and effector T cells. Following their egress, ex-TRM in the blood and secondary lymphoid organs can be identified based on their continued expression of the residency marker CD103, alongside other TRM-like features. Currently, it is unclear whether exit is a stochastic process, or is actively triggered in response to unknown factors. Also, it is not known whether a subset or all TRM are able to egress. Ex-TRM may be beneficial in health, as mobilisation of specialised TRM and their recruitment to both their site of origin as well as distant tissues results in an efficient distribution of the immune response. However, there is emerging evidence of a pathogenic role for ex-TRM, with a suggestion that they may perpetuate both local and distant tissue inflammation. Here, we review the evidence for the existence of ex-TRM and examine their potential involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Rodger
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Stagg
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James O. Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Sykes M. Tolerance in intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110793. [PMID: 38580539 PMCID: PMC11144570 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation (ITx) is highly immunogenic, resulting in the need for high levels of immunosuppression, with frequent complications along with high rejection rates. Tolerance induction would provide a solution to these limitations. Detailed studies of alloreactive T cell clones as well as multiparameter flow cytometry in the graft and peripheral tissues have provided evidence for several tolerance mechanisms that occur spontaneously following ITx, which might provide targets for further interventions. These include the frequent occurrence of macrochimerism and engraftment in the recipient bone marrow of donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells carried in the allograft. These phenomena are seen most frequently in recipients of multivisceral transplants and are associated with reduced rejection rates. They reflect powerful graft-vs-host responses that enter the peripheral lymphoid system and bone marrow after expanding within and emigrating from the allograft. Several mechanisms of tolerance that may result from this lymphohematopoietic graft-vs-host response are discussed. Transcriptional profiling in quiescent allografts reveals tolerization of pre-existing host-vs-graft-reactive T cells that enter the allograft mucosa and become tissue-resident memory cells. Dissection of the pathways driving and maintaining this tolerant tissue-resident state among donor-reactive T cells will allow controlled tolerance induction through specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Nicosia M, Valujskikh A. Recognizing Complexity of CD8 T Cells in Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00734. [PMID: 38637929 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The major role of CD8+ T cells in clinical and experimental transplantation is well documented and acknowledged. Nevertheless, the precise impact of CD8+ T cells on graft tissue injury is not completely understood, thus impeding the development of specific treatment strategies. The goal of this overview is to consider the biology and functions of CD8+ T cells in the context of experimental and clinical allotransplantation, with special emphasis on how this cell subset is affected by currently available and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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5
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Bister J, Filipovic I, Sun D, Crona-Guterstam Y, Cornillet M, Ponzetta A, Michaëlsson J, Gidlöf S, Ivarsson MA, Strunz B, Björkström NK. Tissue-specific nonheritable influences drive endometrial immune system variation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj7168. [PMID: 38579017 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Although human twin studies have revealed the combined contribution of heritable and environmental factors in shaping immune system variability in blood, the contribution of these factors to immune system variability in tissues remains unexplored. The human uterus undergoes constant regeneration and is exposed to distinct environmental factors. To assess uterine immune system variation, we performed a system-level analysis of endometrial and peripheral blood immune cells in monozygotic twins. Although most immune cell phenotypes in peripheral blood showed high genetic heritability, more variation was found in endometrial immune cells, indicating a stronger influence by environmental factors. Cytomegalovirus infection was identified to influence peripheral blood immune cell variability but had limited effect on endometrial immune cells. Instead, hormonal contraception shaped the local endometrial milieu and immune cell composition with minor influence on the systemic immune system. These results highlight that the magnitude of human immune system variation and factors influencing it can be tissue specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Bister
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Sun
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Crona-Guterstam
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Park JS, Cresci GAM. Dysfunctional intestinal microvascular endothelial cells: Insights and therapeutic implications in gastrointestinal inflammation. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00043. [PMID: 38818514 PMCID: PMC11136270 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microvascular endothelium plays a crucial role in orchestrating host responses to inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. This review delves into the unique aspects of intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, distinct from those of larger vessels, in mediating leukocyte recruitment, maintaining barrier integrity, and regulating angiogenesis during inflammation. Specifically, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, where dysregulated endothelial functions contribute to the disease progression, is reviewed. Furthermore, this review discusses the isolation technique for these cells and commonly used adhesion molecules for in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, we reviewed the development and therapeutic implications of a biologic agent targeting the interaction between α4β7 integrin on T lymphocytes and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 on gut endothelium. Notably, vedolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α4β7 integrin, has shown promising outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases and other gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions, including chronic pouchitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis, and acute cellular rejection post-intestinal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seok Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gail A. M. Cresci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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7
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Hullegie-Peelen DM, Tejeda-Mora H, Dieterich M, Heidt S, Bindels EMJ, Hoogduijn MJ, Hesselink DA, Baan CC. Tissue-resident memory T cells in human kidney transplants have alloreactive potential. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00172-2. [PMID: 38447886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The extent to which tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in transplanted organs possess alloreactivity is uncertain. This study investigates the alloreactive potential of TRM cells in kidney explants from 4 patients who experienced severe acute rejection leading to graft loss. Alloreactive T cell receptor (TCR) clones were identified in pretransplant blood samples through mixed lymphocyte reactions, followed by single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing of the proliferated recipient T cells. Subsequently, these TCR clones were traced in the TRM cells of kidney explants, which were also subjected to single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing. The proportion of recipient-derived TRM cells expressing an alloreactive TCR in the 4 kidney explants varied from 0% to 9%. Notably, these alloreactive TCRs were predominantly found among CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells with an effector phenotype. Intriguingly, these clones were present not only in recipient-derived TRM cells but also in donor-derived TRM cells, constituting up to 4% of the donor population, suggesting the presence of self-reactive TRM cells. Overall, our study demonstrates that T cells with alloreactive potential present in the peripheral blood prior to transplantation can infiltrate the kidney transplant and adopt a TRM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M Hullegie-Peelen
- Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hector Tejeda-Mora
- Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M J Bindels
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Jiao W, Martinez M, Muntnich CB, Zuber J, Parks C, Obradovic A, Tian G, Wang Z, Long KD, Waffarn E, Frangaj K, Jones R, Gorur A, Shonts B, Rogers K, Lv G, Velasco M, Ravella S, Weiner J, Kato T, Shen Y, Fu J, Sykes M. Dynamic establishment of recipient resident memory T cell repertoire after human intestinal transplantation. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105028. [PMID: 38422982 PMCID: PMC10944178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding formation of the human tissue resident memory T cell (TRM) repertoire requires longitudinal access to human non-lymphoid tissues. METHODS By applying flow cytometry and next generation sequencing to serial blood, lymphoid tissue, and gut samples from 16 intestinal transplantation (ITx) patients, we assessed the origin, distribution, and specificity of human TRMs at phenotypic and clonal levels. FINDINGS Donor age ≥1 year and blood T cell macrochimerism (peak level ≥4%) were associated with delayed establishment of stable recipient TRM repertoires in the transplanted ileum. T cell receptor (TCR) overlap between paired gut and blood repertoires from ITx patients was significantly greater than that in healthy controls, demonstrating increased gut-blood crosstalk after ITx. Crosstalk with the circulating pool remained high for years of follow-up. TCR sequences identifiable in pre-Tx recipient gut but not those in lymphoid tissues alone were more likely to populate post-Tx ileal allografts. Clones detected in both pre-Tx gut and lymphoid tissue had distinct transcriptional profiles from those identifiable in only one tissue. Recipient T cells were distributed widely throughout the gut, including allograft and native colon, which had substantial repertoire overlap. Both alloreactive and microbe-reactive recipient T cells persisted in transplanted ileum, contributing to the TRM repertoire. INTERPRETATION Our studies reveal human intestinal TRM repertoire establishment from the circulation, preferentially involving lymphoid tissue counterparts of recipient intestinal T cell clones, including TRMs. We have described the temporal and spatial dynamics of this active crosstalk between the circulating pool and the intestinal TRM pool. FUNDING This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) P01 grant AI106697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jiao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Mercedes Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Constanza Bay Muntnich
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julien Zuber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Parks
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guangyao Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine D Long
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Waffarn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristjana Frangaj
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alaka Gorur
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brittany Shonts
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kortney Rogers
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Monica Velasco
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shilpa Ravella
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tomoaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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9
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Fu J, Wang Z, Martinez M, Obradovic A, Jiao W, Frangaj K, Jones R, Guo XV, Zhang Y, Kuo WI, Ko HM, Iuga A, Bay Muntnich C, Prada Rey A, Rogers K, Zuber J, Ma W, Miron M, Farber DL, Weiner J, Kato T, Shen Y, Sykes M. Plasticity of intragraft alloreactive T cell clones in human gut correlates with transplant outcomes. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230930. [PMID: 38091025 PMCID: PMC10720543 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The site of transition between tissue-resident memory (TRM) and circulating phenotypes of T cells is unknown. We integrated clonotype, alloreactivity, and gene expression profiles of graft-repopulating recipient T cells in the intestinal mucosa at the single-cell level after human intestinal transplantation. Host-versus-graft (HvG)-reactive T cells were mainly distributed to TRM, effector T (Teff)/TRM, and T follicular helper compartments. RNA velocity analysis demonstrated a trajectory from TRM to Teff/TRM clusters in association with rejection. By integrating pre- and post-transplantation (Tx) mixed lymphocyte reaction-determined alloreactive repertoires, we observed that pre-existing HvG-reactive T cells that demonstrated tolerance in the circulation were dominated by TRM profiles in quiescent allografts. Putative de novo HvG-reactive clones showed a transcriptional profile skewed to cytotoxic effectors in rejecting grafts. Inferred protein regulon network analysis revealed upstream regulators that accounted for the effector and tolerant T cell states. We demonstrate Teff/TRM interchangeability for individual T cell clones with known (allo)recognition in the human gut, providing novel insight into TRM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyu Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristjana Frangaj
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzheng V. Guo
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wan-I Kuo
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huaibin M. Ko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alina Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Constanza Bay Muntnich
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Prada Rey
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kortney Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Zuber
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenji Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Miron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomoaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Cross AR, Gartner L, Hester J, Issa F. Opportunities for High-plex Spatial Transcriptomics in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:2464-2472. [PMID: 36944604 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The last 5 y have seen the development and widespread adoption of high-plex spatial transcriptomic technology. This technique detects and quantifies mRNA transcripts in situ, meaning that transcriptomic signatures can be sampled from specific cells, structures, lesions, or anatomical regions while conserving the physical relationships that exist within complex tissues. These methods now frequently implement next-generation sequencing, enabling the simultaneous measurement of many targets, up to and including the whole mRNA transcriptome. To date, spatial transcriptomics has been foremost used in the fields of neuroscience and oncology, but there is potential for its use in transplantation sciences. Transplantation has a clear dependence on biopsies for diagnosis, monitoring, and research. Transplant patients represent a unique cohort with multiple organs of interest, clinical courses, demographics, and immunosuppressive regimens. Obtaining high complexity data on the disease processes underlying rejection, tolerance, infection, malignancy, and injury could identify new opportunities for therapeutic intervention and biomarker identification. In this review, we discuss currently available spatial transcriptomic technologies and how they can be applied to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Cross
- Translational Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Chen K, Gu X, Yang S, Tao R, Fan M, Bao W, Wang X. Research progress on intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13332. [PMID: 38441381 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently discovered subpopulation of memory T cells that reside in non-lymphoid tissues such as the intestine and skin and do not enter the bloodstream. The intestine encounters numerous pathogens daily. Intestinal mucosal immunity requires a balance between immune responses to pathogens and tolerance to food antigens and symbiotic microbiota. Therefore, intestinal TRM cells exhibit unique characteristics. In healthy intestines, TRM cells induce necessary inflammation to strengthen the intestinal barrier and inhibit bacterial translocation. During intestinal infections, TRM cells rapidly eliminate pathogens by proliferating, releasing cytokines, and recruiting other immune cells. Moreover, certain TRM cell subsets may have regulatory functions. The involvement of TRM cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized as a critical factor. In IBD, the number of pro-inflammatory TRM cells increases, whereas the number of regulatory subgroups decreases. Additionally, the classic markers, CD69 and CD103, are not ideal for intestinal TRM cells. Here, we review the phenotype, development, maintenance, and function of intestinal TRM cells, as well as the latest findings in the context of IBD. Further understanding of the function of intestinal TRM cells and distinguishing their subgroups is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rui Tao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Wuxi Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Fu J, Hsiao T, Waffarn E, Meng W, Long KD, Frangaj K, Jones R, Gorur A, Shtewe A, Li M, Muntnich CB, Rogers K, Jiao W, Velasco M, Matsumoto R, Kubota M, Wells S, Danzl N, Ravella S, Iuga A, Vasilescu ER, Griesemer A, Weiner J, Farber DL, Luning Prak ET, Martinez M, Kato T, Hershberg U, Sykes M. Dynamic establishment and maintenance of the human intestinal B cell population and repertoire following transplantation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.15.23298517. [PMID: 38014202 PMCID: PMC10680888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.23298517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown how intestinal B cell populations and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires are established and maintained over time in humans. Following intestinal transplantation (ITx), surveillance ileal mucosal biopsies provide a unique opportunity to map the dynamic establishment of gut lymphocyte populations. Using polychromatic flow cytometry that includes HLA allele group-specific mAbs distinguishing donor from recipient cells along with high throughput BCR sequencing, we tracked the establishment of recipient B cell populations and BCR repertoire in the allograft mucosa of ITx recipients. We confirm the early presence of naïve donor B cells in the circulation and, for the first time, document the establishment of recipient B cell populations, including B resident memory cells, in the intestinal allograft mucosa. Recipient B cell repopulation of the allograft was most rapid in infant (<1 year old)-derived allografts and, unlike T cell repopulation, did not correlate with rejection rates. While recipient memory B cell populations were increased in graft mucosa compared to circulation, naïve recipient B cells remained detectable in the graft mucosa for years. Comparisons of peripheral and intra-mucosal B cell repertoires in the absence of rejection revealed increased BCR mutation rates and clonal expansion in graft mucosa compared to circulating B cells, but these parameters did not increase markedly after the first year post-transplant. Furthermore, clonal mixing between the allograft mucosa and the circulation was significantly greater in ITx recipients, even years after transplantation, than in healthy control adults. Collectively, our data demonstrate intestinal mucosal B cell repertoire establishment from a circulating pool, a process that continues for years without evidence of establishment of a stable mucosal B cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Hsiao
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Waffarn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine D Long
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristjana Frangaj
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alaka Gorur
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Areen Shtewe
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Muyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Constanza Bay Muntnich
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kortney Rogers
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyu Jiao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Velasco
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Wells
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nichole Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpa Ravella
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alina Iuga
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Adam Griesemer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tomoaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uri Hershberg
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Hullegie-Peelen DM, Tejeda Mora H, Hesselink DA, Bindels EM, van den Bosch TP, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Dieterich M, Heidt S, Minnee RC, Verjans GM, Hoogduijn MJ, Baan CC. Virus-specific TRM cells of both donor and recipient origin reside in human kidney transplants. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172681. [PMID: 37751288 PMCID: PMC10721264 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident lymphocytes (TRLs) are critical for local protection against viral pathogens in peripheral tissue. However, it is unclear if TRLs perform a similar role in transplanted organs under chronic immunosuppressed conditions. In this study, we aimed to characterize the TRL compartment in human kidney transplant nephrectomies and examine its potential role in antiviral immunity. The TRL compartment of kidney transplants contained diverse innate, innate-like, and adaptive TRL populations expressing the canonical residency markers CD69, CD103, and CD49a. Chimerism of donor and recipient cells was present in 43% of kidney transplants and occurred in all TRL subpopulations. Paired single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing showed that donor and recipient tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells exhibit striking similarities in their transcriptomic profiles and share numerous TCR clonotypes predicted to target viral pathogens. Virus dextramer staining further confirmed that CD8 TRM cells of both donor and recipient origin express TCRs with specificities against common viruses, including CMV, EBV, BK polyomavirus, and influenza A. Overall, the study results demonstrate that a diverse population of TRLs resides in kidney transplants and offer compelling evidence that TRM cells of both donor and recipient origin reside within this TRL population and may contribute to local protection against viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M. Hullegie-Peelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC) Transplant Institute
| | - Hector Tejeda Mora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC) Transplant Institute
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC) Transplant Institute
| | | | - Thierry P.P. van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marian C. Clahsen-van Groningen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC) Transplant Institute
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Minnee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georges M.G.M. Verjans
- HerpeslabNL of the Department of Viroscience, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC) Transplant Institute
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC) Transplant Institute
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14
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Buggert M, Price DA, Mackay LK, Betts MR. Human circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01538-6. [PMID: 37349380 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of human memory CD8+ T cells is derived largely from studies of the intravascular space. However, emerging data are starting to challenge some of the dogmas based on this work, suggesting that a conceptual revision may be necessary. In this review, we provide a brief history of the field and summarize the biology of circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, which are ultimately responsible for effective immune surveillance. We also incorporate recent findings into a biologically integrated model of human memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Finally, we address how future innovative human studies could improve our understanding of anatomically localized CD8+ T cells to inform the development of more effective immunotherapies and vaccines, the need for which has been emphasized by the global struggle to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of intestinal transplant has expanded in recent years and is no longer only considered for patients with no other options remaining. 5 year survival in high-volume centres is over 80% for certain graft types. The aim of this review is to update the audience on the current state of intestinal transplant, with a focus on recent medical and surgical advances. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a greater understanding of the interplay and balance of host and graft immune responses, which may facilitate individualized immunosuppression. Some centres are now performing 'no-stoma' transplants, with preliminary data showing no adverse effects from this strategy and other surgical advances have lessened the physiological insult of the transplant operation. Earlier referrals are encouraged by transplant centres, such that vascular access or liver disease has not progressed too much to increase the technical and physiological challenge of the procedure. SUMMARY Clinicians should consider intestinal transplant as a viable option for patients with intestinal failure, benign unresectable abdominal tumours or acute abdominal catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil K Russell
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Tieu R, Zeng Q, Zhao D, Zhang G, Feizi N, Manandhar P, Williams AL, Popp B, Wood-Trageser MA, Demetris AJ, Tso JY, Johnson AJ, Kane LP, Abou-Daya KI, Shlomchik WD, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Tissue-resident memory T cell maintenance during antigen persistence requires both cognate antigen and interleukin-15. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd8454. [PMID: 37083450 PMCID: PMC10334460 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add8454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell biology has been largely developed from acute infection models in which antigen is cleared and sterilizing immunity is achieved. Less is known about TRM cells in the context of chronic antigen persistence and inflammation. We investigated factors that underlie TRM maintenance in a kidney transplantation model in which TRM cells drive rejection. In contrast to acute infection, we found that TRM cells declined markedly in the absence of cognate antigen, antigen presentation, or antigen sensing by the T cells. Depletion of graft-infiltrating dendritic cells or interruption of antigen presentation after TRM cells were established was sufficient to disrupt TRM maintenance and reduce allograft pathology. Likewise, removal of IL-15 transpresentation or of the IL-15 receptor on T cells during TRM maintenance led to a decline in TRM cells, and IL-15 receptor blockade prevented chronic rejection. Therefore, antigen and IL-15 presented by dendritic cells play nonredundant key roles in CD8 TRM cell maintenance in settings of antigen persistence and inflammation. These findings provide insights that could lead to improved treatment of chronic transplant rejection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Tieu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gang Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Neda Feizi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Priyanka Manandhar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L. Williams
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Benjamin Popp
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michelle A. Wood-Trageser
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony J. Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J. Yun Tso
- JN Biosciences, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Departments of Immunology, Neurology, and Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Khodor I. Abou-Daya
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Warren D. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fadi G. Lakkis
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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17
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Long KD, Fu J. Chimerism and phenotypic analysis of intraepithelial and lamina propria T cells isolated from human ileal biopsies after intestinal transplantation. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102192. [PMID: 36964907 PMCID: PMC10050767 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding immune cell dynamics after intestinal transplantation has provided new insights into human lymphocyte biology. However, isolating and characterizing such cells can be challenging. Here, we provide a protocol to isolate intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes from human ileal biopsies. We describe techniques for flow cytometric analysis and determination of multilineage chimerism and T lymphocyte phenotypes. This protocol can be modified to isolate and analyze lymphocytes from other tissues. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Fu et al. (2019)1 and Fu et al. (2021).2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Long
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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18
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Meeting Report: The Fifth International Samuel Strober Workshop on Clinical Immune Tolerance. Transplantation 2023; 107:564-569. [PMID: 36808845 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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19
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Rumbo M, Oltean M. Intestinal Transplant Immunology and Intestinal Graft Rejection: From Basic Mechanisms to Potential Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054541. [PMID: 36901975 PMCID: PMC10003356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation (ITx) remains a lifesaving option for patients suffering from irreversible intestinal failure and complications from total parenteral nutrition. Since its inception, it became obvious that intestinal grafts are highly immunogenic, due to their high lymphoid load, the abundance in epithelial cells and constant exposure to external antigens and microbiota. This combination of factors and several redundant effector pathways makes ITx immunobiology unique. To this complex immunologic situation, which leads to the highest rate of rejection among solid organs (>40%), there is added the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers, which would allow for frequent, convenient and reliable rejection surveillance. Numerous assays, of which several were previously used in inflammatory bowel disease, have been tested after ITx, but none have shown sufficient sensibility and/or specificity to be used alone for diagnosing acute rejection. Herein, we review and integrate the mechanistic aspects of graft rejection with the current knowledge of ITx immunobiology and summarize the quest for a noninvasive biomarker of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata—CONICET, Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Mihai Oltean
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery at Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wong P, Cina DP, Sherwood KR, Fenninger F, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Polychronakos C, Lan J, Keown PA. Clinical application of immune repertoire sequencing in solid organ transplant. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100479. [PMID: 36865546 PMCID: PMC9971933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of T cell receptor (TCR) or B cell receptor (BCR) gene utilization may be valuable in monitoring the dynamic changes in donor-reactive clonal populations following transplantation and enabling adjustment in therapy to avoid the consequences of excess immune suppression or to prevent rejection with contingent graft damage and to indicate the development of tolerance. Objective We performed a review of current literature to examine research in immune repertoire sequencing in organ transplantation and to assess the feasibility of this technology for clinical application in immune monitoring. Methods We searched MEDLINE and PubMed Central for English-language studies published between 2010 and 2021 that examined T cell/B cell repertoire dynamics upon immune activation. Manual filtering of the search results was performed based on relevancy and predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted based on study and methodology characteristics. Results Our initial search yielded 1933 articles of which 37 met the inclusion criteria; 16 of these were kidney transplant studies (43%) and 21 were other or general transplantation studies (57%). The predominant method for repertoire characterization was sequencing the CDR3 region of the TCR β chain. Repertoires of transplant recipients were found to have decreased diversity in both rejectors and non-rejectors when compared to healthy controls. Rejectors and those with opportunistic infections were more likely to have clonal expansion in T or B cell populations. Mixed lymphocyte culture followed by TCR sequencing was used in 6 studies to define an alloreactive repertoire and in specialized transplant settings to track tolerance. Conclusion Methodological approaches to immune repertoire sequencing are becoming established and offer considerable potential as a novel clinical tool for pre- and post-transplant immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paaksum Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Davide P Cina
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen R Sherwood
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franz Fenninger
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and the Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Lan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul A Keown
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Zhi Y, Li M, Lv G. Into the multi-omics era: Progress of T cells profiling in the context of solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1058296. [PMID: 36798139 PMCID: PMC9927650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1058296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are the common type of lymphocyte to mediate allograft rejection, remaining long-term allograft survival impeditive. However, the heterogeneity of T cells, in terms of differentiation and activation status, the effector function, and highly diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) have thus precluded us from tracking these T cells and thereby comprehending their fate in recipients due to the limitations of traditional detection approaches. Recently, with the widespread development of single-cell techniques, the identification and characterization of T cells have been performed at single-cell resolution, which has contributed to a deeper comprehension of T cell heterogeneity by relevant detections in a single cell - such as gene expression, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, surface proteins, and TCR. Although these approaches can provide valuable insights into an individual cell independently, a comprehensive understanding can be obtained when applied joint analysis. Multi-omics techniques have been implemented in characterizing T cells in health and disease, including transplantation. This review focuses on the thesis, challenges, and advances in these technologies and highlights their application to the study of alloreactive T cells to improve the understanding of T cell heterogeneity in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Gondré-Lewis TA, Jiang C, Ford ML, Koelle DM, Sette A, Shalek AK, Thomas PG. NIAID workshop on T cell technologies. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:14-18. [PMID: 36596894 PMCID: PMC10405620 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
On 15–16 June 2022, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases hosted a virtual workshop on the topic of T cell technologies to discuss assays, novel technology development, bench and clinical application of those technologies, and challenges and innovations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Gondré-Lewis
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Immunology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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23
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Fu J, Rust D, Fang Z, Jiao W, Lagana S, Batal I, Chen B, Merl S, Jones R, Sykes M, Weiner J. T cell repertoire profiling in allografts and native tissues in recipients with COVID-19 after solid organ transplantation: Insight into T cell-mediated allograft protection from viral infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056703. [PMID: 36591281 PMCID: PMC9795050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the body, and why the effects are more severe in certain patients, remain incompletely understood. One population of special interest is transplant recipients because of their immunosuppressed state. Understanding the pathophysiology of graft dysfunction in transplant patients with the COVID-19 viral syndrome is important for prognosticating the risk to the graft as well as understanding how best to prevent and, if necessary, treat graft injury in these patients. Methods We analyzed multiple types of solid organ transplant recipients (liver, kidney, heart or lung) at our institution who died from SARS-CoV-2 and underwent autopsy (n = 6) or whose grafts were biopsied during active SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 8). Their serum inflammatory markers were examined together with the histological appearance, viral load, and TCR repertoire of their graft tissue and, for autopsy patients, several native tissues. Results Histology and clinical lab results revealed a systemic inflammatory pattern that included elevated inflammatory markers and diffuse tissue damage regardless of graft rejection. Virus was detected throughout all tissues, although most abundant in lungs. The TCR repertoire was broadly similar throughout the tissues of each individual, with greater sharing of dominant clones associated with more rapid disease course. There was no difference in viral load or clonal distribution of overall, COVID-associated, or putative SARS-CoV-2-specific TCRs between allograft and native tissue. We further demonstrated that SARSCoV-2-specific TCR sequences in transplant patients lack a donor HLArestricted pattern, regardless of distribution in allograft or native tissues,suggesting that recognition of viral antigens on infiltrating recipient cells can effectively trigger host T cell anti-viral responses in both the host and graft. Discussion Our findings suggest a systemic immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in solid organ transplant patients that is not associated with rejection and consistent with a largely destructive effect of recipient HLA-restricted T cell clones that affects donor and native organs similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jianing Fu, ; Joshua Weiner,
| | - Dylan Rust
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhou Fang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenyu Jiao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Lagana
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ibrahim Batal
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bryan Chen
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Merl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jianing Fu, ; Joshua Weiner,
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Björkström NK. Immunobiology of the biliary tract system. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1657-1669. [PMID: 36116989 PMCID: PMC7615184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The biliary tract is a complex tubular organ system spanning from the liver to the duodenum. It is the site of numerous acute and chronic disorders, many of unknown origin, that are often associated with cancer development and for which there are limited treatment options. Cholangiocytes with proinflammatory capacities line the lumen and specialised types of immune cells reside in close proximity. Recent technological breakthroughs now permit spatiotemporal assessments of immune cells within distinct niches and have increased our understanding of immune cell tissue residency. In this review, a comprehensive overview of emerging knowledge on the immunobiology of the biliary tract system is provided, with a particular emphasis on the role of distinct immune cells in biliary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Characteristic Genes and Immune Infiltration Analysis for Acute Rejection after Kidney Transplantation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6575052. [PMID: 36393969 PMCID: PMC9646319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6575052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal transplantation can significantly improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease, but the probability of acute rejection (AR) in adult renal transplant recipients is still approximately 12.2%. Machine learning (ML) is superior to traditional statistical methods in various clinical scenarios. However, the current AR model is constructed only through simple difference analysis or a single queue, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, this study identified and validated new gene sets that contribute to the early prediction of AR and the prognosis prediction of patients after renal transplantation by constructing a more accurate AR gene signature through ML technology. Methods Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and multiple bioinformatic analyses, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and built a gene signature via LASSO regression and SVM analysis. Immune cell infiltration and immunocyte association analyses were also conducted. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between AR genes and graft survival status. Results Twenty-four DEGs were identified. A 5 gene signature (CPA6, EFNA1, HBM, THEM5, and ZNF683) were obtained by LASSO analysis and SVM analysis, which had a satisfied ability to differentiate AR and NAR in the training cohort, internal validation cohort and external validation cohort. Additionally, ZNF683 was associated with graft survival. Conclusion A 5 gene signature, particularly ZNF683, provided insight into a precise therapeutic schedule and clinical applications for AR patients.
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26
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Tang Q, Leung J, Peng Y, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Lozano JJ, Lam A, Lee K, Greenland JR, Hellerstein M, Fitch M, Li KW, Esensten JH, Putnam AL, Lares A, Nguyen V, Liu W, Bridges ND, Odim J, Demetris AJ, Levitsky J, Taner T, Feng S. Selective decrease of donor-reactive T regs after liver transplantation limits T reg therapy for promoting allograft tolerance in humans. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo2628. [PMID: 36322627 PMCID: PMC11016119 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Promoting immune tolerance to transplanted organs can minimize the amount of immunosuppressive drugs that patients need to take, reducing lifetime risks of mortality and morbidity. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for immune tolerance, and preclinical studies have shown their therapeutic efficacy in inducing transplantation tolerance. Here, we report the results of a phase 1/2 trial (ARTEMIS, NCT02474199) of autologous donor alloantigen-reactive Treg (darTreg) therapy in individuals 2 to 6 years after receiving a living donor liver transplant. The primary efficacy endpoint was calcineurin inhibitor dose reduction by 75% with stable liver function tests for at least 12 weeks. Among 10 individuals who initiated immunosuppression withdrawal, 1 experienced rejection before planned darTreg infusion, 5 received darTregs, and 4 were not infused because of failure to manufacture the minimal infusible dose of 100 × 106 cells. darTreg infusion was not associated with adverse events. Two darTreg-infused participants reached the primary endpoint, but an insufficient number of recipients were treated for assessing the efficacy of darTregs. Mechanistic studies revealed generalized Treg activation, senescence, and selective reduction of donor reactivity after liver transplantation. Overall, the ARTEMIS trial features a design concept for evaluating the efficacy of Treg therapy in transplantation. The mechanistic insight gained from the study may help guide the design of future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joey Leung
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yani Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London University, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Juan-Jose Lozano
- Bioinformatic Platform, Biomedical Research Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Lam
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karim Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John R. Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Nutrition Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Nutrition Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kelvin W. Li
- Nutrition Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Esensten
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy L. Putnam
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Angela Lares
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Weihong Liu
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nancy D. Bridges
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jonah Odim
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Anthony J. Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Josh Levitsky
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timucin Taner
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sandy Feng
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Pallett LJ, Maini MK. Liver-resident memory T cells: life in lockdown. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:813-825. [PMID: 35482059 PMCID: PMC9708784 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A subset of memory T cells has been identified in the liver with a tissue-resident profile and the capacity for long-term 'lockdown'. Here we review how they are retained in, and adapted to, the hepatic microenvironment, including its unique anatomical features and metabolic challenges. We describe potential interactions with other local cell types and the need for a better understanding of this complex bidirectional crosstalk. Pathogen or tumour antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance; we review the evidence for this in hepatotropic infections of major worldwide importance like hepatitis B and malaria and in liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, TRM can be triggered by pro-inflammatory and metabolic signals to mediate bystander tissue damage, with an emerging role in a number of liver pathologies. We discuss the need for liver sampling to gain a window into these compartmentalised T cells, allowing more accurate disease monitoring and future locally targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Pallett
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
| | - Mala K Maini
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
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Charmetant X, Chen CC, Hamada S, Goncalves D, Saison C, Rabeyrin M, Rabant M, Duong van Huyen JP, Koenig A, Mathias V, Barba T, Lacaille F, le Pavec J, Brugière O, Taupin JL, Chalabreysse L, Mornex JF, Couzi L, Graff-Dubois S, Jeger-Madiot R, Tran-Dinh A, Mordant P, Paidassi H, Defrance T, Morelon E, Badet L, Nicoletti A, Dubois V, Thaunat O. Inverted direct allorecognition triggers early donor-specific antibody responses after transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg1046. [PMID: 36130013 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The generation of antibodies against donor-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, a type of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), after transplantation requires that recipient's allospecific B cells receive help from T cells. The current dogma holds that this help is exclusively provided by the recipient's CD4+ T cells that recognize complexes of recipient's MHC II molecules and peptides derived from donor-specific MHC alloantigens, a process called indirect allorecognition. Here, we demonstrated that, after allogeneic heart transplantation, CD3ε knockout recipient mice lacking T cells generate a rapid, transient wave of switched alloantibodies, predominantly directed against MHC I molecules. This is due to the presence of donor CD4+ T cells within the graft that recognize intact recipient's MHC II molecules expressed by B cell receptor-activated allospecific B cells. Indirect evidence suggests that this inverted direct pathway is also operant in patients after transplantation. Resident memory donor CD4+ T cells were observed in perfusion liquids of human renal and lung grafts and acquired B cell helper functions upon in vitro stimulation. Furthermore, T follicular helper cells, specialized in helping B cells, were abundant in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of lung and intestinal grafts. In the latter, more graft-derived passenger T cells correlated with the detection of donor T cells in recipient's circulation; this, in turn, was associated with an early transient anti-MHC I DSA response and worse transplantation outcomes. We conclude that this inverted direct allorecognition is a possible explanation for the early transient anti-MHC DSA responses frequently observed after lung or intestinal transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charmetant
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Hamada
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - David Goncalves
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Carole Saison
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - Maud Rabeyrin
- Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Pathology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Koenig
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Mathias
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - Thomas Barba
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme le Pavec
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Transplantation, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Brugière
- Pulmonology Department, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Transplantation Department, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Hôpital Saint-Louis APHP, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM U976 Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Lara Chalabreysse
- Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INRAE, IVPC, UMR754, 69000 Lyon, France
- Department of Pneumology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, Apheresis, Pellegrin Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Jeger-Madiot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Helena Paidassi
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Morelon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Badet
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | | | - Valérie Dubois
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
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Dogra H, Hind J. Innovations in Immunosuppression for Intestinal Transplantation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:869399. [PMID: 35782951 PMCID: PMC9241336 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.869399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 57 years since the first intestinal transplant. An increased incidence of graft rejection has been described compared to other solid organ transplants due to high immunogenicity of the bowel, which in health allows the balance between of dietary antigen with defense against pathogens. Expanding clinical experience, knowledge of gastrointestinal physiology and immunology have progress post-transplant immunosuppressive drug regimens. Current regimes aim to find the window between prevention of rejection and the risk of infection (the leading cause of death) and malignancy. The ultimate aim is to achieve graft tolerance. In this review we discuss advances in mucosal immunology and technologies informing the development of new anti-rejection strategies with the hope of improved survival in the next generation of transplant recipients.
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Abstract
In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the characteristics of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) in the context of solid organ transplantation (SOT). We first introduce the traditionally understood noncirculating features of TRMs and the key phenotypic markers that define this population, then provide a detailed discussion of emerging concepts on the recirculation and plasticity of TRM in mice and humans. We comment on the potential heterogeneity of transient, temporary resident, and permanent resident T cells and potential interchangeable phenotypes between TRM and effector T cells in nonlymphoid tissues. We review the literature on the distribution of TRM in human nonlymphoid organs and association of clinical outcomes in different types of SOT, including intestine, lung, liver, kidney, and heart. We focus on both tissue-specific and organ-shared features of donor- and recipient-derived TRMs after transplantation whenever applicable. Studies with comprehensive sample collection, including longitudinal and cross-sectional controls, and applied advanced techniques such as multicolor flow cytometry to distinguish donor and recipient TRMs, bulk, and single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing to track clonotypes and define transcriptome profiles, and functional readouts to define alloreactivity and proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory activities are emphasized. We also discuss important findings on the tissue-resident features of regulatory αβ T cells and unconventional γδ T cells after transplantation. Understanding of TRM in SOT is a rapidly growing field that urges future studies to address unresolved questions regarding their heterogeneity, plasticity, longevity, alloreactivity, and roles in rejection and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, United States
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31
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Abdeljaoued S, Arfa S, Kroemer M, Ben Khelil M, Vienot A, Heyd B, Loyon R, Doussot A, Borg C. Tissue-resident memory T cells in gastrointestinal cancer immunology and immunotherapy: ready for prime time? J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003472. [PMID: 35470231 PMCID: PMC9039405 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as immune sentinels that patrol the tissue microenvironment and orchestrate localized antitumor immunity in various solid cancers. Recent studies have revealed that TRM cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, and their involvement has been linked to favorable responses to immunotherapy as well as general better clinical outcome in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances and recent findings regarding TRM cells phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in cancer with a special focus on gastrointestinal tumors. Finally, we highlight the exciting clinical implication of TRM cells in these types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Abdeljaoued
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France .,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France
| | - Sara Arfa
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Myriam Ben Khelil
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Angélique Vienot
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Heyd
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Loyon
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Doussot
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells span both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages, have been found in multiple human tissues, and play integral roles at all stages of the immune response, from maintaining homeostasis to responding to infectious challenges to resolution of inflammation to tissue repair. In humans, studying immune cells and responses in tissues is challenging, although recent advances in sampling and high-dimensional profiling have provided new insights into the ontogeny, maintenance, and functional role of tissue-resident immune cells. Each tissue contains a specific complement of resident immune cells. Moreover, resident immune cells for each lineage share core properties, along with tissue-specific adaptations. Here we propose a five-point checklist for defining resident immune cell types in humans and describe the currently known features of resident immune cells, their mechanisms of development, and their putative functional roles within various human organs. We also consider these aspects of resident immune cells in the context of future studies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA;
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
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Oja AE, van Lier RAW, Hombrink P. Two sides of the same coin: Protective versus pathogenic CD4 + resident memory T cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf9393. [PMID: 35394815 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf9393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the adaptive immune system to form memory is key to providing protection against secondary infections. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are specialized T cell populations that reside within tissue sites where they await reencounter with their cognate antigen. TRM are distinct from circulating memory cells, including central and effector memory T cells, both functionally and transcriptionally. Since the discovery of TRM, most research has focused on CD8+ TRM, despite that CD4+ TRM are also abundant in most tissues. In the past few years, more evidence has emerged that CD4+ TRM can contribute both protective and pathogenic roles in disease. A complexity inherent to the CD4+ TRM field is the ability of CD4+ T cells to polarize into a multitude of distinct subsets and recognize not only viruses and intracellular bacteria but also extracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we outline the key features of CD4+ TRM in health and disease, including their contributions to protection against SARS-CoV-2 and potential contributions to immunopathology associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Oja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wu Y, Zuber J, Fu J. Editorial: Immunogenomics of Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878314. [PMID: 35371062 PMCID: PMC8965839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Julien Zuber
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital and Human Lymphohematopoiesis lab, INSERM UMR 1163, IMAGINE Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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35
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Gerdemann U, Fleming RA, Kaminski J, McGuckin C, Rui X, Lane JF, Keskula P, Cagnin L, Shalek AK, Tkachev V, Kean LS. Identification and Tracking of Alloreactive T Cell Clones in Rhesus Macaques Through the RM-scTCR-Seq Platform. Front Immunol 2022; 12:804932. [PMID: 35154078 PMCID: PMC8825351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype tracking is a powerful tool for interrogating T cell mediated immune processes. New methods to pair a single cell's transcriptional program with its TCR identity allow monitoring of T cell clonotype-specific transcriptional dynamics. While these technologies have been available for human and mouse T cells studies, they have not been developed for Rhesus Macaques (RM), a critical translational organism for autoimmune diseases, vaccine development and transplantation. We describe a new pipeline, 'RM-scTCR-Seq', which, for the first time, enables RM specific single cell TCR amplification, reconstruction and pairing of RM TCR's with their transcriptional profiles. We apply this method to a RM model of GVHD, and identify and track in vitro detected alloreactive clonotypes in GVHD target organs and explore their GVHD driven cytotoxic T cell signature. This novel, state-of-the-art platform fundamentally advances the utility of RM to study protective and pathogenic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Gerdemann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan A Fleming
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Kaminski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xianliang Rui
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer F Lane
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paula Keskula
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lorenzo Cagnin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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36
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Aschauer C, Jelencsics K, Hu K, Gregorich M, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Wenda S, Wekerle T, Heinzel A, Oberbauer R. Effects of Reduced-Dose Anti-Human T-Lymphocyte Globulin on Overall and Donor-Specific T-Cell Repertoire Reconstitution in Sensitized Kidney Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843452. [PMID: 35281040 PMCID: PMC8913717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPre-sensitized kidney transplant recipients have a higher risk for rejection following kidney transplantation and therefore receive lymphodepletional induction therapy with anti-human T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) whereas non-sensitized patients are induced in many centers with basiliximab. The time course of lymphocyte reconstitution with regard to the overall and donor-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity remains elusive.Methods/DesignFive kidney transplant recipients receiving a 1.5-mg/kg ATLG induction therapy over 7 days and five patients with 2 × 20 mg basiliximab induction therapy were longitudinally monitored. Peripheral mononuclear cells were sampled pre-transplant and within 1, 3, and 12 months after transplantation, and their overall and donor-reactive TCRs were determined by next-generation sequencing of the TCR beta CDR3 region. Overall TCR repertoire diversity, turnover, and donor specificity were assessed at all timepoints.ResultsWe observed an increase in the donor-reactive TCR repertoire after transplantation in patients, independent of lymphocyte counts or induction therapy. Donor-reactive CD4 T-cell frequency in the ATLG group increased from 1.14% + -0.63 to 2.03% + -1.09 and from 0.93% + -0.63 to 1.82% + -1.17 in the basiliximab group in the first month. Diversity measurements of the entire T-cell repertoire and repertoire turnover showed no statistical difference between the two induction therapies. The difference in mean clonality between groups was 0.03 and 0.07 pre-transplant in the CD4 and CD8 fractions, respectively, and was not different over time (CD4: F(1.45, 11.6) = 0.64 p = 0.496; CD8: F(3, 24) = 0.60 p = 0.620). The mean difference in R20, a metric for immune dominance, between groups was -0.006 in CD4 and 0.001 in CD8 T-cells and not statistically different between the groups and subsequent timepoints (CD4: F(3, 24) = 0.85 p = 0.479; CD8: F(1.19, 9.52) = 0.79 p = 0.418).ConclusionReduced-dose ATLG induction therapy led to an initial lymphodepletion followed by an increase in the percentage of donor-reactive T-cells after transplantation similar to basiliximab induction therapy. Furthermore, reduced-dose ATLG did not change the overall TCR repertoire in terms of a narrowed or skewed TCR repertoire after immune reconstitution, comparable to non-depletional induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Aschauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kira Jelencsics
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Gregorich
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Wenda
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Heinzel, ; Rainer Oberbauer,
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Heinzel, ; Rainer Oberbauer,
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immune responses to viral infections. Here, we review recent insights into the role of NK cells in viral infections, with particular emphasis on human studies. We first discuss NK cells in the context of acute viral infections, with flavivirus and influenza virus infections as examples. Questions related to activation of NK cells, homing to infected tissues and the role of tissue-resident NK cells in acute viral infections are also addressed. Next, we discuss NK cells in the context of chronic viral infections with hepatitis C virus and HIV-1. Also covered is the role of adaptive-like NK cell expansions as well as the appearance of CD56- NK cells in the course of chronic infection. Specific emphasis is then placed in viral infections in patients with primary immunodeficiencies affecting NK cells. Not least, studies in this area have revealed an important role for NK cells in controlling several herpesvirus infections. Finally, we address new data with respect to the activation of NK cells and NK cell function in humans infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) giving rise to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Tian Q, Zhang Z, Tan L, Yang F, Xu Y, Guo Y, Wei D, Wu C, Cao P, Ji J, Wang W, Xie X, Zhao Y. Skin and heart allograft rejection solely by long-lived alloreactive T RM cells in skin of severe combined immunodeficient mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0270. [PMID: 35080985 PMCID: PMC8791614 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Whether induced tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in nonlymphoid organs alone can mediate allograft rejection is unknown. By grafting alloskin or heart into severe combined immunodeficient or Rag2KO mice in which a piece of induced CD4+ and/or CD8+ TRM cell-containing MHC-matched or syngeneic skin was transplanted in advance, we addressed this issue. The induced CD4+ TRM cells in the skin alone acutely rejected alloskin or heart grafts. RNA-seq analysis showed that induced CD4+ TRM cells in skin favorably differentiated into TH17-like polarization during the secondary immune response. Inhibition of the key TH17 signaling molecule RORγt attenuated TRM cell-mediated graft rejection. Thus, we offer a unique mouse model to specifically study TRM cell-mediated allograft rejection without the involvement of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs and tissues. Our study provides strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that long-lived alloreactive TRM cells resident in other organs/tissues substantially contribute to organ allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Ji
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (W.W.)
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (W.W.)
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (W.W.)
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39
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Tian G, Li M, Lv G. Analysis of T-Cell Receptor Repertoire in Transplantation: Fingerprint of T Cell-mediated Alloresponse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:778559. [PMID: 35095851 PMCID: PMC8790170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in determining allograft function by mediating allogeneic immune responses to cause rejection, and recent work pointed their role in mediating tolerance in transplantation. The unique T-cell receptor (TCR) expressed on the surface of each T cell determines the antigen specificity of the cell and can be the specific fingerprint for identifying and monitoring. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques provide powerful tools for deep and high-throughput TCR profiling, and facilitate to depict the entire T cell repertoire profile and trace antigen-specific T cells in circulation and local tissues. Tailing T cell transcriptomes and TCR sequences at the single cell level provides a full landscape of alloreactive T-cell clones development and biofunction in alloresponse. Here, we review the recent advances in TCR sequencing techniques and computational tools, as well as the recent discovery in overall TCR profile and antigen-specific T cells tracking in transplantation. We further discuss the challenges and potential of using TCR sequencing-based assays to profile alloreactive TCR repertoire as the fingerprint for immune monitoring and prediction of rejection and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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40
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Lange J, Rivera-Ballesteros O, Buggert M. Human mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:389-397. [PMID: 34743182 PMCID: PMC8571012 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells are fundamental to maintain immune surveillance of the human body. During the past decade, it has become apparent that non-recirculating resident memory T cells (TRMs) form a first line memory response in tissues to tackle re-infections. The fact that TRMs are essential for local immunity highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting this population against tumors and infections. However, similar to other immune subsets, TRMs are heterogenous and may form distinct effector populations with unique functions at diverse tissue sites. Further insight into the mechanisms of how TRM function and respond to pathogens and malignancies at different mucosal sites will help to shape future vaccine and immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we review the current understanding of TRM function and biology at four major mucosal sites: gastrointestinal tract, lung, head and neck, as well as female reproductive tract. We also summarize our current knowledge of how TRM targets invading pathogens and developing tumor cells at these mucosal sites and contemplate how TRMs may be exploited to protect from infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lange
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Rivera-Ballesteros
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Chen JW, Schickel JN, Tsakiris N, Sng J, Arbogast F, Bouis D, Parisi D, Gera R, Boeckers JM, Delmotte FR, Veselits M, Schuetz C, Jacobsen EM, Posovszky C, Schulz AS, Schwarz K, Clark MR, Menard L, Meffre E. Positive and negative selection shape the human naïve B cell repertoire. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150985. [PMID: 34813502 PMCID: PMC8759783 DOI: 10.1172/jci150985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although negative selection of developing B cells in the periphery is well described, yet poorly understood, evidence of naive B cell positive selection remains elusive. Using 2 humanized mouse models, we demonstrate that there was strong skewing of the expressed immunoglobulin repertoire upon transit into the peripheral naive B cell pool. This positive selection of expanded naive B cells in humanized mice resembled that observed in healthy human donors and was independent of autologous thymic tissue. In contrast, negative selection of autoreactive B cells required thymus-derived Tregs and MHC class II–restricted self-antigen presentation by B cells. Indeed, both defective MHC class II expression on B cells of patients with rare bare lymphocyte syndrome and prevention of self-antigen presentation via HLA-DM inhibition in humanized mice resulted in the production of autoreactive naive B cells. These latter observations suggest that Tregs repressed autoreactive naive B cells continuously produced by the bone marrow. Thus, a model emerged, in which both positive and negative selection shaped the human naive B cell repertoire and that each process was mediated by fundamentally different molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | | | - Nikolaos Tsakiris
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Joel Sng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Florent Arbogast
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Delphine Bouis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Daniele Parisi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Ruchi Gera
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Joshua M Boeckers
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Fabien R Delmotte
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Margaret Veselits
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ansgar S Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus R Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Laurence Menard
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
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42
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Sollid LM. Gut tissue-resident memory T cells in coeliac disease. Scand J Immunol 2021; 95:e13120. [PMID: 34796982 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review describes observations of the 1990ies with culturing of gluten-specific and astrovirus-specific CD4+ T cells from duodenal biopsies from subjects who presumably had a long time between the exposure to gluten or astrovirus antigens and the sampling of the biopsy. In these studies, it was also observed that antigen-specific CD4+ T cells migrated out of the gut biopsies during overnight culture. The findings are suggestive of memory T cells in tissue which are resident, but which also can be mobilised on antigen stimulation. Of note, these findings were made years before the term tissue-resident memory T cells was invoked. Since that time, many observations have accumulated on these gut T cells, particularly the gluten-specific T cells, and we have insight into the turnover of CD4+ T cells in the gut lamina propria. These data make it evident that human antigen-specific CD4+ T cells that can be cultured from gut biopsies indeed are bone fide tissue-resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Fu J, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Sykes M. High Throughput Human T Cell Receptor Sequencing: A New Window Into Repertoire Establishment and Alloreactivity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777756. [PMID: 34804070 PMCID: PMC8604183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high throughput sequencing (HTS) of T cell receptors (TCRs) and in transcriptomic analysis, particularly at the single cell level, have opened the door to a new level of understanding of human immunology and immune-related diseases. In this article, we discuss the use of HTS of TCRs to discern the factors controlling human T cell repertoire development and how this approach can be used in combination with human immune system (HIS) mouse models to understand human repertoire selection in an unprecedented manner. An exceptionally high proportion of human T cells has alloreactive potential, which can best be understood as a consequence of the processes governing thymic selection. High throughput TCR sequencing has allowed assessment of the development, magnitude and nature of the human alloresponse at a new level and has provided a tool for tracking the fate of pre-transplant-defined donor- and host-reactive TCRs following transplantation. New insights into human allograft rejection and tolerance obtained with this method in combination with single cell transcriptional analyses are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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44
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Aschauer C, Jelencsics K, Hu K, Heinzel A, Gregorich MG, Vetter J, Schaller S, Winkler SM, Weinberger J, Pimenov L, Gualdoni GA, Eder M, Kainz A, Troescher AR, Regele H, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Wekerle T, Huppa JB, Sykes M, Oberbauer R. Prospective Tracking of Donor-Reactive T-Cell Clones in the Circulation and Rejecting Human Kidney Allografts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750005. [PMID: 34721420 PMCID: PMC8552542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen recognition of allo-peptides and HLA molecules leads to the activation of donor-reactive T-cells following transplantation, potentially causing T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). Sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire can be used to track the donor-reactive repertoire in blood and tissue of patients after kidney transplantation. Methods/Design In this prospective cohort study, 117 non-sensitized kidney transplant recipients with anti-CD25 induction were included. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sampled pre-transplant and at the time of protocol or indication biopsies together with graft tissue. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the CDR3 region of the TCRbeta chain was performed after donor stimulation in mixed lymphocyte reactions to define the donor-reactive TCR repertoire. Blood and tissue of six patients experiencing a TCMR and six patients without rejection on protocol biopsies were interrogated for these TCRs. To elucidate common features of T-cell clonotypes, a network analysis of the TCR repertoires was performed. Results After transplantation, the frequency of circulating donor-reactive CD4 T-cells increased significantly from 0.86 ± 0.40% to 2.06 ± 0.40% of all CD4 cells (p < 0.001, mean dif.: -1.197, CI: -1.802, -0.593). The number of circulating donor-reactive CD4 clonotypes increased from 0.72 ± 0.33% to 1.89 ± 0.33% (p < 0.001, mean dif.: -1.168, CI: -1.724, -0.612). No difference in the percentage of donor-reactive T-cells in the circulation at transplant biopsy was found between subjects experiencing a TCMR and the control group [p = 0.64 (CD4+), p = 0.52 (CD8+)]. Graft-infiltrating T-cells showed an up to six-fold increase of donor-reactive T-cell clonotypes compared to the blood at the same time (3.7 vs. 0.6% and 2.4 vs. 1.5%), but the infiltrating TCR repertoire was not reflected by the composition of the circulating TCR repertoire despite some overlap. Network analysis showed a distinct segregation of the donor-reactive repertoire with higher modularity than the overall TCR repertoire in the blood. These findings indicate an unchoreographed process of diverse T-cell clones directed against numerous non-self antigens found in the allograft. Conclusion Donor-reactive T-cells are enriched in the kidney allograft during a TCMR episode, and dominant tissue clones are also found in the blood. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT: 03422224 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03422224).
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Aschauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kira Jelencsics
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Gloria Gregorich
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vetter
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Susanne Schaller
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Stephan M Winkler
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Johannes Weinberger
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisabeth Pimenov
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Eder
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kainz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Heinz Regele
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Section of Transplantation Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernhard Huppa
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbian Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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45
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Obradovic A, Shen Y, Sykes M, Fu J. Integrated Analysis Toolset for Defining and Tracking Alloreactive T-cell Clones After Human Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. SOFTWARE IMPACTS 2021; 10:100142. [PMID: 35291378 PMCID: PMC8920412 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpa.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a suite of tools for integrated analysis of T-Cell-Receptor Sequencing data to define and track alloreactive T-cells in human transplant studies. This has enabled discovery of sequences and patterns of T-cell enrichment and deletion associated with clinical outcomes such as transplant rejection and tolerance. The codebase includes user-friendly default analyses with customizable parameters which greatly accelerate computational workflows and provide robust statistics comparing post-transplant specimens to pre-transplant baseline. It also includes helper functions for robust characterization of T-cell-repertoire diversity, sample-to-sample divergence, resolution of sample-of-origin ambiguity in pooled assays, and functions to output all sequences defined as alloreactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Systems Biology; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Surgery; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
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46
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Bartolomé-Casado R, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Response to Lauro and Zorzetti. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1395-1396. [PMID: 34535772 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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47
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Park SL, Mackay LK. Decoding Tissue-Residency: Programming and Potential of Frontline Memory T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a037960. [PMID: 33753406 PMCID: PMC8485744 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory T-cell responses are partitioned between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and nonlymphoid tissues. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a population of immune cells that remain permanently in tissues without recirculating in blood. These nonrecirculating cells serve as a principal node in the anamnestic response to invading pathogens and developing malignancies. Here, we contemplate how T-cell tissue residency is defined and shapes protective immunity in the steady state and in the context of disease. We review the properties and heterogeneity of Trm cells, highlight the critical roles these cells play in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliciting immune pathology, and explore how they might be exploited to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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48
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Tkachev V, Kaminski J, Potter EL, Furlan SN, Yu A, Hunt DJ, McGuckin C, Zheng H, Colonna L, Gerdemann U, Carlson J, Hoffman M, Olvera J, English C, Baldessari A, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Watkins B, Qayed M, Suessmuth Y, Betz K, Bratrude B, Langston A, Horan JT, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, Blazar BR, Roederer M, Kean LS. Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals that invasive and tissue-resident memory donor CD8 + T cells drive gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabc0227. [PMID: 33441422 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ infiltration by donor T cells is critical to the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). However, deconvoluting the transcriptional programs of newly recruited donor T cells from those of tissue-resident T cells in aGVHD target organs remains a challenge. Here, we combined the serial intravascular staining technique with single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the tightly connected processes by which donor T cells initially infiltrate tissues and then establish a pathogenic tissue residency program in a rhesus macaque allo-HCT model that develops aGVHD. Our results enabled creation of a spatiotemporal map of the transcriptional programs controlling donor CD8+ T cell infiltration into the primary aGVHD target organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We identified the large and small intestines as the only two sites demonstrating allo-specific, rather than lymphodepletion-driven, T cell infiltration. GI-infiltrating donor CD8+ T cells demonstrated a highly activated, cytotoxic phenotype while simultaneously developing a canonical tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) transcriptional signature driven by interleukin-15 (IL-15)/IL-21 signaling. We found expression of a cluster of genes directly associated with tissue invasiveness, including those encoding adhesion molecules (ITGB2), specific chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4L1) and chemokine receptors (CD74), as well as multiple cytoskeletal proteins. This tissue invasion transcriptional signature was validated by its ability to discriminate the CD8+ T cell transcriptome of patients with GI aGVHD from those of GVHD-free patients. These results provide insights into the mechanisms controlling tissue occupancy of target organs by pathogenic donor CD8+ TRM cells during aGVHD in primate transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - James Kaminski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J Hunt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hengqi Zheng
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hoffman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joe Olvera
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Muna Qayed
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Kayla Betz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brandi Bratrude
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - John T Horan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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49
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Kim JY, Lei Z, Maienschein-Cline M, Chlipala GE, Balamurugan A, McDiarmid SV, Azari K, Yang OO. Longitudinal Analysis of the T-cell Receptor Repertoire in Graft-infiltrating Lymphocytes Following Hand Transplantation. Transplantation 2021; 105:1502-1509. [PMID: 33208695 PMCID: PMC8221714 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T lymphocyte-mediated acute rejection is a significant complication following solid organ transplantation. Standard methods of monitoring for acute rejection rely on assessing histological tissue damage but do not define the immunopathogenesis. Additionally, current therapies for rejection broadly blunt cellular immunity, creating a high risk for opportunistic infections. There is, therefore, a need to better understand the process of acute cellular rejection to help develop improved prognostic tests and narrowly targeted therapies. METHODS Through next-generation sequencing, we characterized and compared the clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of graft-infiltrating lymphocytes (GILs) and blood-derived lymphocytes from a hand transplant recipient over 420 days following transplantation. We also tracked the TCR clonal persistence and V beta (BV) gene usage, evaluating overlap between these 2 compartments. RESULTS TCR repertoires of blood and GIL populations remained distinct throughout the sampling period, and differential BV usage was consistently seen between these compartments. GIL TCR clones persisted over time and were seen in only limited frequency in the blood T-lymphocyte populations. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that blood monitoring of TCR clones does not reveal the pathogenic process of acute cellular rejection in transplanted tissue. GILs show clonal persistence with biased BV usage, suggesting that tissue TCR clonal monitoring could be useful, although a deeper understanding is necessary to prognosticate rejection based on TCR clonal repertoires. Finally, the distinct TCR BV usage bias in GILs raises the possibility for prevention and therapy of acute cellular rejection based on targeting of specific TCR clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL
| | - Zhengdeng Lei
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - George E. Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Arumugam Balamurugan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sue V. McDiarmid
- Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kodi Azari
- Department of Surgery, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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50
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Socié G, Kean LS, Zeiser R, Blazar BR. Insights from integrating clinical and preclinical studies advance understanding of graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:149296. [PMID: 34101618 PMCID: PMC8203454 DOI: 10.1172/jci149296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of impressive increases in our knowledge of rodent and human immunology, the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has dramatically improved in the past 15 years. Despite improved knowledge, translation to clinical care has not proceeded rapidly, and results from experimental models have been inconsistent in their ability to predict the clinical utility of new therapeutic agents. In parallel, new tools in immunology have allowed in-depth analyses of the human system and have recently been applied in the field of clinical GVHD. Notwithstanding these advances, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic insights into human translational research, and this remains an area of high unmet need. Here we review selected recent advances in both preclinical experimental transplantation and translational human studies, including new insights into human immunology, the microbiome, and regenerative medicine. We focus on the fact that both approaches can interactively improve our understanding of both acute and chronic GVHD biology and open the door to improved therapeutics and successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Socié
- Hematology-Transplantation, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 976 (Team Insights) and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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