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Buhagiar AF, Kleaveland B. To kill a microRNA: emerging concepts in target-directed microRNA degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1558-1574. [PMID: 38224449 PMCID: PMC10899785 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) guide Argonaute (AGO) proteins to bind mRNA targets. Although most targets are destabilized by miRNA-AGO binding, some targets induce degradation of the miRNA instead. These special targets are also referred to as trigger RNAs. All triggers identified thus far have binding sites with greater complementarity to the miRNA than typical target sites. Target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) occurs when trigger RNAs bind the miRNA-AGO complex and recruit the ZSWIM8 E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to AGO ubiquitination and proteolysis and subsequent miRNA destruction. More than 100 different miRNAs are regulated by ZSWIM8 in bilaterian animals, and hundreds of trigger RNAs have been predicted computationally. Disruption of individual trigger RNAs or ZSWIM8 has uncovered important developmental and physiologic roles for TDMD across a variety of model organisms and cell types. In this review, we highlight recent progress in understanding the mechanistic basis and functions of TDMD, describe common features of trigger RNAs, outline best practices for validating trigger RNAs, and discuss outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber F Buhagiar
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Benjamin Kleaveland
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
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2
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Chen W, Chen Y, Hui T. microRNA-143 interferes the EGFR-stimulated glucose metabolism to re-sensitize 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells via targeting hexokinase 2. J Chemother 2023; 35:539-549. [PMID: 36546770 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2157617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the frequently used chemotherapeutic agents against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU treatment remains clinical challenges since a large fraction of patients with CRC developed resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapies. Hexokinase 2 (HK II), coding for a rate-limiting enzyme of glutamine metabolism, is responsible for the dysregulated glycolysis of cancers. In this study, we report epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HK II were overexpressed in colon cancers and positively correlated with 5-FU resistance of CRC. In addition, expression of miR-143 was remarkedly suppressed in 5-FU resistant CRC patients and colon cancer cells. Moreover, miR-143 expression was effectively downregulated by EGFR and inversely associated with HK II expression in CRC cells. We identified HK II as a direct target of miR-143 in colon cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-143 inhibited glycolysis rate through direct targeting HK II, leading to re-sensitization of 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells to 5-FU treatment. Rescue experiments validated that recovering HK II in miR-143-overexpressing cells restored 5-FU resistance of CRC cells. In general, our study reveals critical roles of miR-143, which is a downstream effector of EGFR in 5-FU resistant CRC cells through direct targeting HK II, indicating miR-143 is an effectively therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with chemoresistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Chen
- Department of Anorectal, Xinchang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Anorectal, Xinchang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Hui
- Department of Anorectal, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, China
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3
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Atic AI, Thiele M, Munk A, Dalgaard LT. Circulating miRNAs associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C588-C602. [PMID: 36645666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are secreted from cells as either protein-bound or enclosed in extracellular vesicles. Circulating liver-derived miRNAs are modifiable by weight-loss or insulin-sensitizing treatments, indicating that they could be important biomarker candidates for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis in nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Unfortunately, the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH and fibrosis remains a key challenge, which limits case finding. Current diagnostic guidelines, therefore, recommend liver biopsies, with risks of pain and bleeding for the patient and substantial healthcare costs. Here, we summarize mechanisms of RNA secretion and review circulating RNAs associated with NAFLD and NASH for their biomarker potential. Few circulating miRNAs are consistently associated with NAFLD/NASH: miR-122, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-192, miR-193, and the miR-17-92 miRNA-cluster. The hepatocyte-enriched miRNA-122 is consistently increased in NAFLD and NASH but decreased in liver cirrhosis. Circulating miR-34a, part of an existing diagnostic algorithm for NAFLD, and miR-21 are consistently increased in NAFLD and NASH. MiR-192 appears to be prominently upregulated in NASH compared with NAFDL, whereas miR-193 was reported to distinguish NASH from fibrosis. Various members of miRNA cluster miR-17-92 are reported to be associated with NAFLD and NASH, although with less consistency. Several other circulating miRNAs have been reported to be associated with fatty liver in a few studies, indicating the existence of more circulating miRNAs with relevant as diagnostic markers for NAFLD or NASH. Thus, circulating miRNAs show potential as biomarkers of fatty liver disease, but more information about phenotype specificity and longitudinal regulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Iriskic Atic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Obesity Research, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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4
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Poetz F, Lebedeva S, Schott J, Lindner D, Ohler U, Stoecklin G. Control of immediate early gene expression by CPEB4-repressor complex-mediated mRNA degradation. Genome Biol 2022; 23:193. [PMID: 36096941 PMCID: PMC9465963 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB4) is known to associate with cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) located in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of specific mRNAs and assemble an activator complex promoting the translation of target mRNAs through cytoplasmic polyadenylation. Results Here, we find that CPEB4 is part of an alternative repressor complex that mediates mRNA degradation by associating with the evolutionarily conserved CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. We identify human CPEB4 as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) with enhanced association to poly(A) RNA upon inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), a condition known to cause widespread degradation of poly(A)-containing mRNA. Photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) analysis using endogenously tagged CPEB4 in HeLa cells reveals that CPEB4 preferentially binds to the 3′UTR of immediate early gene mRNAs, at G-containing variants of the canonical U- and A-rich CPE located in close proximity to poly(A) sites. By transcriptome-wide mRNA decay measurements, we find that the strength of CPEB4 binding correlates with short mRNA half-lives and that loss of CPEB4 expression leads to the stabilization of immediate early gene mRNAs. Akin to CPEB4, we demonstrate that CPEB1 and CPEB2 also confer mRNA instability by recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex. Conclusions While CPEB4 was previously known for its ability to stimulate cytoplasmic polyadenylation, our findings establish an additional function for CPEB4 as the RNA adaptor of a repressor complex that enhances the degradation of short-lived immediate early gene mRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02760-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Poetz
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Lebedeva
- Berlin Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Berlin Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Peeples ES, Sahar NE, Snyder W, Mirnics K. Early Brain microRNA/mRNA Expression is Region-Specific After Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in a Mouse Model. Front Genet 2022; 13:841043. [PMID: 35251138 PMCID: PMC8890746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.841043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be promising therapeutic targets for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) but targeting miRNA-based therapy will require more precise understanding of endogenous brain miRNA expression. Methods: Postnatal day 9 mouse pups underwent HIBI by unilateral carotid ligation + hypoxia or sham surgery. Next-generation miRNA sequencing and mRNA Neuroinflammation panels were performed on ipsilateral cortex, striatum/thalamus, and cerebellum of each group at 30 min after injury. Targeted canonical pathways were predicted by KEGG analysis. Results: Sixty-one unique miRNAs showed differential expression (DE) in at least one region; nine in more than one region, including miR-410-5p, -1264-3p, 1298-5p, -5,126, and -34b-3p. Forty-four mRNAs showed DE in at least one region; 16 in more than one region. MiRNAs showing DE primarily targeted metabolic pathways, while mRNAs targeted inflammatory and cell death pathways. Minimal miRNA-mRNA interactions were seen at 30 min after HIBI. Conclusion: This study identified miRNAs that deserve future study to assess their potential as therapeutic targets in neonatal HIBI. Additionally, the differences in miRNA expression between regions suggest that future studies assessing brain miRNA expression to guide therapy development should consider evaluating individual brain regions rather than whole brain to ensure the sensitivity needed for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Namood-e Sahar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - William Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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6
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Uribe ML, Dahlhoff M, Batra RN, Nataraj NB, Haga Y, Drago-Garcia D, Marrocco I, Sekar A, Ghosh S, Vaknin I, Lebon S, Kramarski L, Tsutsumi Y, Choi I, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Yarden Y. TSHZ2 is an EGF-regulated tumor suppressor that binds to the cytokinesis regulator PRC1 and inhibits metastasis. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe6156. [PMID: 34158398 PMCID: PMC7614343 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike early transcriptional responses to mitogens, later events are less well-characterized. Here, we identified delayed down-regulated genes (DDGs) in mammary cells after prolonged treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The expression of these DDGs was low in mammary tumors and correlated with prognosis. The proteins encoded by several DDGs directly bind to and inactivate oncoproteins and might therefore act as tumor suppressors. The transcription factor teashirt zinc finger homeobox 2 (TSHZ2) is encoded by a DDG, and we found that overexpression of TSHZ2 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and accelerated mammary gland development in mice. Although the gene TSHZ2 localizes to a locus (20q13.2) that is frequently amplified in breast cancer, we found that hypermethylation of its promoter correlated with down-regulation of TSHZ2 expression in patients. Yeast two-hybrid screens and protein-fragment complementation assays in mammalian cells indicated that TSHZ2 nucleated a multiprotein complex containing PRC1/Ase1, cyclin B1, and additional proteins that regulate cytokinesis. TSHZ2 increased the inhibitory phosphorylation of PRC1, a key driver of mitosis, mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, similar to the tumor suppressive transcription factor p53, TSHZ2 inhibited transcription from the PRC1 promoter. By recognizing DDGs as a distinct group in the transcriptional response to EGF, our findings uncover a group of tumor suppressors and reveal a role for TSHZ2 in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Uribe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajbir N Batra
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nishanth B Nataraj
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuya Haga
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Diana Drago-Garcia
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Arunachalam Sekar
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itay Vaknin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sacha Lebon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lior Kramarski
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 306-809, South Korea
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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7
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Uribe ML, Marrocco I, Yarden Y. EGFR in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms, Drugs, and Acquired Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112748. [PMID: 34206026 PMCID: PMC8197917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has served as the founding member of the large family of growth factor receptors harboring intrinsic tyrosine kinase function. High abundance of EGFR and large internal deletions are frequently observed in brain tumors, whereas point mutations and small insertions within the kinase domain are common in lung cancer. For these reasons EGFR and its preferred heterodimer partner, HER2/ERBB2, became popular targets of anti-cancer therapies. Nevertheless, EGFR research keeps revealing unexpected observations, which are reviewed herein. Once activated by a ligand, EGFR initiates a time-dependent series of molecular switches comprising downregulation of a large cohort of microRNAs, up-regulation of newly synthesized mRNAs, and covalent protein modifications, collectively controlling phenotype-determining genes. In addition to microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs play critical roles in EGFR signaling. Along with driver mutations, EGFR drives metastasis in many ways. Paracrine loops comprising tumor and stromal cells enable EGFR to fuel invasion across tissue barriers, survival of clusters of circulating tumor cells, as well as colonization of distant organs. We conclude by listing all clinically approved anti-cancer drugs targeting either EGFR or HER2. Because emergence of drug resistance is nearly inevitable, we discuss the major evasion mechanisms.
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8
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Canu V, Donzelli S, Sacconi A, Lo Sardo F, Pulito C, Bossel N, Di Benedetto A, Muti P, Botti C, Domany E, Bicciato S, Strano S, Yarden Y, Blandino G. Aberrant transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of SPAG5, a YAP-TAZ-TEAD downstream effector, fuels breast cancer cell proliferation. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1493-1511. [PMID: 33230261 PMCID: PMC8166963 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is an important driver of the cell mitotic spindle required for chromosome segregation and progression into anaphase. SPAG5 has been identified as an important proliferation marker and chemotherapy-sensitivity predictor, especially in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer subtypes. Here, we report that SPAG5 is a direct target of miR-10b-3p, and its aberrantly high expression associates with poor disease-free survival in two large cohorts of breast cancer patients. SPAG5 depletion strongly impaired cancer cell cycle progression, proliferation, and migration. Interestingly, high expression of SPAG5 pairs with a YAP/TAZ-activated signature in breast cancer patients. Reassuringly, the depletion of YAP, TAZ, and TEAD strongly reduced SPAG5 expression and diminished its oncogenic effects. YAP, TAZ coactivators, and TEAD transcription factors are key components of the Hippo signaling pathway involved in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Furthermore, we report that SPAG5 is a direct transcriptional target of TEAD/YAP/TAZ, and pharmacological targeting of YAP and TAZ severely reduces SPAG5 expression. Collectively, our data uncover an oncogenic feedback loop, comprising miR-10b-3p, SPAG5, and YAP/TAZ/TEAD, which fuels the aberrant proliferation of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Canu
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Donzelli
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Sardo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pulito
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Noa Bossel
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical Science and Oral Health, University of Milan, Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Claudio Botti
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Breast Surgery Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Eytan Domany
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Center for Genome Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Yosef Yarden
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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9
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Lam NT, Gartz M, Thomas L, Haberman M, Strande JL. Influence of microRNAs and exosomes in muscle health and diseases. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 41:269-284. [PMID: 31564031 PMCID: PMC7101267 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are short, (18-22 nt) non-coding RNAs involved in important cellular processes due to their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Exosomes are small (50-200 nm) extracellular vesicles, naturally secreted from a variety of living cells and are believed to mediate cell-cell communication through multiple mechanisms, including uptake in destination cells. Circulating microRNAs and exosome-derived microRNAs can have key roles in regulating muscle cell development and differentiation. Several microRNAs are highly expressed in muscle and their regulation is important for myocyte homeostasis. Changes in muscle associated microRNA expression are associated with muscular diseases including muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and congenital myopathies. In this review, we aim to highlight the biology of microRNAs and exosomes as well as their roles in muscle health and diseases. We also discuss the potential crosstalk between skeletal and cardiac muscle through exosomes and their contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Lam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Medical College of Wisconsin, CVC/MEB 4679, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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10
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Mechanistic Actions of microRNAs in Diabetic Wound Healing. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102228. [PMID: 33023156 PMCID: PMC7601058 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process that is impaired under diabetes conditions. Chronic non-healing wounds in diabetes are some of the most expensive healthcare expenditures worldwide. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment strategies are needed. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of 18–25 nucleotide long RNAs, are important regulatory molecules involved in gene expression regulation and in the repression of translation, controlling protein expression in health and disease. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as critical players in impaired wound healing and could be targets for potential therapies for non-healing wounds. Here, we review and discuss the mechanistic background of miRNA actions in chronic wounds that can shed the light on their utilization as specific wound healing biomarkers.
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11
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Ravindran PT, Wilson MZ, Jena SG, Toettcher JE. Engineering combinatorial and dynamic decoders using synthetic immediate-early genes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:436. [PMID: 32792645 PMCID: PMC7426417 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cell- and tissue-level functions are coordinated by intracellular signaling pathways that trigger the expression of context-specific target genes. Yet the input–output relationships that link pathways to the genes they activate are incompletely understood. Mapping the pathway-decoding logic of natural target genes could also provide a basis for engineering novel signal-decoding circuits. Here we report the construction of synthetic immediate-early genes (SynIEGs), target genes of Erk signaling that implement complex, user-defined regulation and can be monitored by using live-cell biosensors to track their transcription and translation. We demonstrate the power of this approach by confirming Erk duration-sensing by FOS, elucidating how the BTG2 gene is differentially regulated by external stimuli, and designing a synthetic immediate-early gene that selectively responds to the combination of growth factor and DNA damage stimuli. SynIEGs pave the way toward engineering molecular circuits that decode signaling dynamics and combinations across a broad range of cellular contexts. Ravindran et al. report the construction of synthetic immediate-early genes (SynIEGs), target genes of the Erk signaling pathway. SynIEGs implement user-defined regulation while tracking transcription and translation. This study underscores post-transcriptional regulation in signal decoding that may be masked by analyses of RNA abundance alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithran T Ravindran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental, Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Siddhartha G Jena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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12
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Pascolutti R, Algisi V, Conte A, Raimondi A, Pasham M, Upadhyayula S, Gaudin R, Maritzen T, Barbieri E, Caldieri G, Tordonato C, Confalonieri S, Freddi S, Malabarba MG, Maspero E, Polo S, Tacchetti C, Haucke V, Kirchhausen T, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. Molecularly Distinct Clathrin-Coated Pits Differentially Impact EGFR Fate and Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3049-3061.e6. [PMID: 31167147 PMCID: PMC6581797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein 2 (AP2) is a major constituent of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Whether it is essential for all forms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in mammalian cells is an open issue. Here, we demonstrate, by live TIRF microscopy, the existence of a subclass of relatively short-lived CCPs lacking AP2 under physiological, unperturbed conditions. This subclass is retained in AP2-knockout cells and is able to support the internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not of transferrin receptor (TfR). The AP2-independent internalization mechanism relies on the endocytic adaptors eps15, eps15L1, and epsin1. The absence of AP2 impairs the recycling of the EGFR to the cell surface, thereby augmenting its degradation. Accordingly, under conditions of AP2 ablation, we detected dampening of EGFR-dependent AKT signaling and cell migration, arguing that distinct classes of CCPs could provide specialized functions in regulating EGFR recycling and signaling. Distinct classes of CCPs exist, molecularly defined by the presence or lack of AP2 The AP2-negative CCPs support the internalization of EGFR but not of TfR The AP2-negative CCPs rely on the endocytic adaptors eps15/eps15L1 and epsin1 The two classes of CCPs determine distinct EGFR fates and signaling outputs
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pascolutti
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Algisi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexia Conte
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mithun Pasham
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Caldieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tordonato
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Confalonieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Roles for receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor progression and implications for cancer treatment. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:1-57. [PMID: 32593398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a group of transmembrane molecules harboring cytoplasm-facing tyrosine-specific kinase functions, play essential roles in migration of multipotent cell populations and rapid proliferation of stem cells' descendants, transit amplifying cells, during embryogenesis and tissue repair. These intrinsic functions are aberrantly harnessed when cancer cells undergo intertwined phases of cell migration and proliferation during cancer progression. For example, by means of clonal expansion growth factors fixate the rarely occurring driver mutations, which initiate tumors. Likewise, autocrine and stromal growth factors propel angiogenesis and penetration into the newly sprouted vessels, which enable seeding micro-metastases at distant organs. We review genetic and other mechanisms that preempt ligand-mediated activation of RTKs, thereby supporting sustained cancer progression. The widespread occurrence of aberrant RTKs and downstream signaling pathways in cancer, identifies molecular targets suitable for pharmacological intervention. We list all clinically approved cancer drugs that specifically intercept oncogenic RTKs. These are mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which can inhibit cancer but inevitably become progressively less effective due to adaptive rewiring processes or emergence of new mutations, processes we overview. Similarly important are patient treatments making use of radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The many interfaces linking RTK-targeted therapies and these systemic or local regimens are described in details because of the great promise offered by combining pharmacological modalities.
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14
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Cheng W, Wang K, Zhao Z, Mao Q, Wang G, Li Q, Fu Z, Jiang Z, Wang J, Li J. Exosomes-mediated Transfer of miR-125a/b in Cell-to-cell Communication: A Novel Mechanism of Genetic Exchange in the Intestinal Microenvironment. Theranostics 2020; 10:7561-7580. [PMID: 32685005 PMCID: PMC7359098 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), a key factor in intestinal rehabilitation therapy of short bowel syndrome (SBS), may require cell-to-cell communication to exert its biological functions. However, understanding of the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report participation of exosomal miR-125a/b in GLP-2 mediated intestinal epithelial cells-myofibroblasts cross-talk in intestinal microenvironment. Methods: The effects of GLP-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in SBS rat models were evaluated. Exosomes were extracted from residual jejunum tissue of GLP-2 or vehicle treated SBS rats using ultracentrifugation method, and identified by nanoparticle trafficking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. miRNA sequencing combined with qRT-PCR validation were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNAs, which might be involved in proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, were screened and further verified by miRNA functional experiments. Moreover, the proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptosis effects of GLP-2 on intestinal myofibroblasts, which expressing GLP-2 receptor, and whether GLP-2 could influence the content of miRNAs in the derived exosomes were studied. The downstream pathways were explored by miRNA function recovery experiment, luciferase reporter assay, pull down experiment, knockdown and overexpression of target gene and other experiments based on the bioinformatics prediction of miRNA target gene. Results: GLP-2 significantly promoted intestinal growth, facilitated the proliferation of intestinal crypt epithelial cells and inhibited the apoptosis of intestinal villi epithelial cells in type II SBS rats. GLP-2 significantly down-regulated exosomal miR-125a/b both in residual jejunums derived exosomes and in exosomes secreted by GLP-2R positive cells. Exosomal miR-125a/b was responsible for GLP-2 mediated intestinal epithelial cells proliferation promotion and apoptosis attenuation. miR-125a/b inhibited the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by suppressing the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1). Conclusions: miR-125a/b shuttled by intestinal myofibroblasts derived exosomes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. GLP-2 treatment significantly decreases the level of miR-125a/b in the exosomes of intestinal myofibroblasts. miR-125a/b modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by targeting the 3'UTR region of MCL1. Hence, this study indicates a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells in intestinal microenvironment.
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15
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Galli de Amorim M, Branco G, Valieris R, Tarcitano E, Tojal da Silva I, Ferreira de Araújo L, Noronha Nunes D, Dias-Neto E. The impact of HER2 overexpression on the miRNA and circRNA transcriptomes in two breast cell lines and their vesicles. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:493-502. [PMID: 31124410 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 upregulation is related with poor outcome in many tumor types. Whereas anti-HER2 treatment is the standard approach as adjuvant therapy in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, the frequent relapses reinforce the need for alternative treatments. Here we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to evaluate miRNAs and circRNAs in the cell-lines HB4a and C5.2, where the latter is a HER2-overexpressing clone of the former, and also from two different populations of their secreted extracellular vesicles. Whereas circRNA-levels were stable, we found at least 16 miRNAs apparently modulated by HER2-expression. The miR223-3p, miR-421 and miR-21-5p were validated in an independent cohort of 431 breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The consistent modulation of these molecules and their possible involvement in the HER2-axis makes them promising new targets to overcome HER2-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galli de Amorim
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Curso de Pós-graduação em Oncologia, Fundação Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Branco
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Curso de Pós-graduação em Oncologia, Fundação Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Valieris
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emilio Tarcitano
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Curso de Pós-graduação em Oncologia, Fundação Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Israel Tojal da Silva
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Diana Noronha Nunes
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociências Alzira Denise Hertzog Silva (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Cohen-Armon M, Yeheskel A, Pascal JM. Signal-induced PARP1-Erk synergism mediates IEG expression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:8. [PMID: 30993015 PMCID: PMC6459926 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently disclosed Erk-induced PARP1 activation mechanism mediates the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in response to a variety of extra- and intracellular signals implicated in memory acquisition, development and proliferation. Here, we review this mechanism, which is initiated by stimulation-induced binding of PARP1 to phosphorylated Erk translocated into the nucleus. This binding maintains long-lasting synergistic activity of these proteins, which offers a new pattern for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka Cohen-Armon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - John M. Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Nava M, Dutta P, Zemke NR, Farias-Eisner R, Vadgama JV, Wu Y. Transcriptomic and ChIP-sequence interrogation of EGFR signaling in HER2+ breast cancer cells reveals a dynamic chromatin landscape and S100 genes as targets. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:32. [PMID: 30736768 PMCID: PMC6368760 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR/HER1) can be activated by several ligands including Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-α) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Following ligand binding, EGFR heterodimerizes with other HER family members, such as HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2). Previously, we showed that the EGFR is upregulated in trastuzumab resistant HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer cells. This study is aimed to determine the downstream effects on transcription following EGFR upregulation in HER2+ breast cancer cells. METHODS RNA-sequence and ChIP-sequence for H3K18ac and H3K27ac (Histone H3 lysine K18 and K27 acetylation) were conducted following an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) treatment time course in HER2+ breast cancer cells, SKBR3. The levels of several proteins of interest were confirmed by western blot analysis. The cellular localization of proteins of interest was examined using biochemically fractionated lysates followed by western blot analysis. RESULTS Over the course of 24 h, EGFR stimulation resulted in the modulation of over 4000 transcripts. Moreover, our data demonstrates that EGFR/HER2 signaling regulates the epigenome, with global H3K18ac and H3K27ac oscillating as a function of time following EGF treatment. RNA-sequence data demonstrates the activation of immediate early genes (IEGs) and delayed early genes (DEGs) within 1 h of EGF treatment. More importantly, we have identified members of the S100 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein) gene family as likely direct targets of EGFR signaling as H3K18ac, H3K27ac and pol2 (RNA polymerase II) increase near the transcription start sites of some of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that S100 proteins, which act as Ca2+ sensors, could play a role in EGF induced tumor cell growth and metastasis, contribute to trastuzumab resistance and cell migration and that they are likely drug targets in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Nava
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Pranabananda Dutta
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
| | - Nathan R. Zemke
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robin Farias-Eisner
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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18
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Wong WKM, Sørensen AE, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Dalgaard LT. Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E41. [PMID: 30551650 PMCID: PMC6315983 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K M Wong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anja E Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anand A Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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19
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Zhao Q, Chen S, Zhu Z, Yu L, Ren Y, Jiang M, Weng J, Li B. miR-21 promotes EGF-induced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by targeting Spry2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 30464258 PMCID: PMC6249286 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer that lacks effective targets for therapy. Alteration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression has been recognized as an essential molecular event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play critical roles in EGF signaling regulation, tumor initiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-21 expression was induced by EGF in pancreatic cancer cells. miR-21 promoted EGF-induced proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis and accelerated cell cycle progression. In vivo experiments confirmed the influence of miR-21 on tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-21 targeted MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to modulate cell proliferation. In addition, Spry2 was proven to be a target of miR-21. Furthermore, miR-21 and Spry2 were significantly related to clinical features and may be valuable predictors of PDAC patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Sumin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, 450003, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lanting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yingchun Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Junyong Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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20
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Rothenberg DA, Taliaferro JM, Huber SM, Begley TJ, Dedon PC, White FM. A Proteomics Approach to Profiling the Temporal Translational Response to Stress and Growth. iScience 2018; 9:367-381. [PMID: 30466063 PMCID: PMC6249402 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To quantify dynamic protein synthesis rates, we developed MITNCAT, a method combining multiplexed isobaric mass tagging with pulsed SILAC (pSILAC) and bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) to label newly synthesized proteins with azidohomoalanine (Aha), thus enabling high temporal resolution across multiple conditions in a single analysis. MITNCAT quantification of protein synthesis rates following induction of the unfolded protein response revealed global down-regulation of protein synthesis, with stronger down-regulation of glycolytic and protein synthesis machinery proteins, but up-regulation of several key chaperones. Waves of temporally distinct protein synthesis were observed in response to epidermal growth factor, with altered synthesis detectable in the first 15 min. Comparison of protein synthesis with mRNA sequencing and ribosome footprinting distinguished protein synthesis driven by increased transcription versus increased translational efficiency. Temporal delays between ribosome occupancy and protein synthesis were observed and found to correlate with altered codon usage in significantly delayed proteins. MITNCAT combines BONCAT, pSILAC, and TMT to quantify protein synthesis rates MITNCAT quantified up-regulation of protein folding chaperones during the UPR MITNCAT revealed EGF-driven protein synthesis in four distinct temporal waves MITNCAT identified delayed synthesis proteins with enriched rare codons
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Rothenberg
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sabrina M Huber
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas J Begley
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Infectious Disease IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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21
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Vacca A, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Arner E, Lassmann T, Daub CO, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Aitken S, Semple CA. Conserved temporal ordering of promoter activation implicates common mechanisms governing the immediate early response across cell types and stimuli. Open Biol 2018; 8:180011. [PMID: 30089658 PMCID: PMC6119861 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The promoters of immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly activated in response to an external stimulus. These genes, also known as primary response genes, have been identified in a range of cell types, under diverse extracellular signals and using varying experimental protocols. Whereas genomic dissection on a case-by-case basis has not resulted in a comprehensive catalogue of IEGs, a rigorous meta-analysis of eight genome-wide FANTOM5 CAGE (cap analysis of gene expression) time course datasets reveals successive waves of promoter activation in IEGs, recapitulating known relationships between cell types and stimuli: we obtain a set of 57 (42 protein-coding) candidate IEGs possessing promoters that consistently drive a rapid but transient increase in expression over time. These genes show significant enrichment for known IEGs reported previously, pathways associated with the immediate early response, and include a number of non-coding RNAs with roles in proliferation and differentiation. Surprisingly, we also find strong conservation of the ordering of activation for these genes, such that 77 pairwise promoter activation orderings are conserved. Using the leverage of comprehensive CAGE time series data across cell types, we also document the extensive alternative promoter usage by such genes, which is likely to have been a barrier to their discovery until now. The common activation ordering of the core set of early-responding genes we identify may indicate conserved underlying regulatory mechanisms. By contrast, the considerably larger number of transiently activated genes that are specific to each cell type and stimulus illustrates the breadth of the primary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Vacca
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2F Main Research Building, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Life Sciences Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten O Daub
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Sciences Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2F Main Research Building, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Colin A Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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22
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A Network of Noncoding Regulatory RNAs Acts in the Mammalian Brain. Cell 2018; 174:350-362.e17. [PMID: 29887379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play increasingly appreciated gene-regulatory roles. Here, we describe a regulatory network centered on four ncRNAs-a long ncRNA, a circular RNA, and two microRNAs-using gene editing in mice to probe the molecular consequences of disrupting key components of this network. The long ncRNA Cyrano uses an extensively paired site to miR-7 to trigger destruction of this microRNA. Cyrano-directed miR-7 degradation is much more effective than previously described examples of target-directed microRNA degradation, which come primarily from studies of artificial and viral RNAs. By reducing miR-7 levels, Cyrano prevents repression of miR-7-targeted mRNAs and enables accumulation of Cdr1as, a circular RNA known to regulate neuronal activity. Without Cyrano, excess miR-7 causes cytoplasmic destruction of Cdr1as in neurons, in part through enhanced slicing of Cdr1as by a second miRNA, miR-671. Thus, several types of ncRNAs can collaborate to establish a sophisticated regulatory network.
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23
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Ulitsky I. Interactions between short and long noncoding RNAs. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2874-2883. [PMID: 29749606 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is now evident that noncoding RNAs play key roles in regulatory networks determining cell fate and behavior, in a myriad of different conditions, and across all species. Among these noncoding RNAs are short RNAs, such as MicroRNAs, snoRNAs, and Piwi-interacting RNAs, and the functions of those are relatively well understood. Other noncoding RNAs are longer, and their modes of action and functions are also increasingly explored and deciphered. Short RNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with each other with reciprocal consequences for their fates and functions. LncRNAs serve as precursors for many types of small RNAs and, therefore, the pathways for small RNA biogenesis can impinge upon the fate of lncRNAs. In addition, lncRNA expression can be repressed by small RNAs, and lncRNAs can affect small RNA activity and abundance through competition for binding or by triggering small RNA degradation. Here, I review the known types of interactions between small and long RNAs, discuss their outcomes, and bring representative examples from studies in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Galatenko VV, Galatenko AV, Samatov TR, Turchinovich AA, Shkurnikov MY, Makarova JA, Tonevitsky AG. Comprehensive network of miRNA-induced intergenic interactions and a biological role of its core in cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2418. [PMID: 29402894 PMCID: PMC5799291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and play an important role in multiple cellular processes. A significant percentage of miRNAs are intragenic, which is often functionally related to their host genes playing either antagonistic or synergistic roles. In this study, we constructed and analyzed the entire network of intergenic interactions induced by intragenic miRNAs. We further focused on the core of this network, which was defined as a union of nontrivial strongly connected components, i.e., sets of nodes (genes) mutually connected via directed paths. Both the entire network and its core possessed statistically significant non-random properties. Specifically, genes forming the core had high expression levels and low expression variance. Furthermore, the network core did not split into separate components corresponding to individual signalling or metabolic pathways, but integrated genes involved in key cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, protein homeostasis and cell metabolism. We suggest that the network core, consisting of genes mutually regulated by their intragenic miRNAs, could coordinate adjacent pathways or homeostatic control circuits, serving as a horizontal inter-circuit link. Notably, expression patterns of these genes had an efficient prognostic potential for breast and colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Galatenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia. .,SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia. .,Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Alexey V Galatenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur R Samatov
- SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia.,Evotec International GmbH, Marie-Curie Str. 7, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Maxim Yu Shkurnikov
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Center of Medical Radiological Research, Second Botkinsky lane 3, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia A Makarova
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Center of Medical Radiological Research, Second Botkinsky lane 3, 125284, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tonevitsky
- SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia. .,P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Center of Medical Radiological Research, Second Botkinsky lane 3, 125284, Moscow, Russia.
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25
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Golan-Lavi R, Giacomelli C, Fuks G, Zeisel A, Sonntag J, Sinha S, Köstler W, Wiemann S, Korf U, Yarden Y, Domany E. Coordinated Pulses of mRNA and of Protein Translation or Degradation Produce EGF-Induced Protein Bursts. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3129-3142. [PMID: 28355565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein responses to extracellular cues are governed by gene transcription, mRNA degradation and translation, and protein degradation. In order to understand how these time-dependent processes cooperate to generate dynamic responses, we analyzed the response of human mammary cells to the epidermal growth factor (EGF). Integrating time-dependent transcript and protein data into a mathematical model, we inferred for several proteins their pre-and post-stimulus translation and degradation coefficients and found that they exhibit complex, time-dependent variation. Specifically, we identified strategies of protein production and degradation acting in concert to generate rapid, transient protein bursts in response to EGF. Remarkably, for some proteins, for which the response necessitates rapidly decreased abundance, cells exhibit a transient increase in the corresponding degradation coefficient. Our model and analysis allow inference of the kinetics of mRNA translation and protein degradation, without perturbing cells, and open a way to understanding the fundamental processes governing time-dependent protein abundance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Golan-Lavi
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Garold Fuks
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Johanna Sonntag
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sanchari Sinha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Köstler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Eytan Domany
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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26
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Sundaram GM, Ismail HM, Bashir M, Muhuri M, Vaz C, Nama S, Ow GS, Vladimirovna IA, Ramalingam R, Burke B, Tanavde V, Kuznetsov V, Lane EB, Sampath P. EGF hijacks miR-198/FSTL1 wound-healing switch and steers a two-pronged pathway toward metastasis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2889-2900. [PMID: 28827448 PMCID: PMC5626400 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the parallels between wound healing and epithelial cancers, Sundaram et al. elucidate the mechanism by which cancer cells hijack the wound healing switch to enhance invasion and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Epithelial carcinomas are well known to activate a prolonged wound-healing program that promotes malignant transformation. Wound closure requires the activation of keratinocyte migration via a dual-state molecular switch. This switch involves production of either the anti-migratory microRNA miR-198 or the pro-migratory follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) protein from a single transcript; miR-198 expression in healthy skin is down-regulated in favor of FSTL1 upon wounding, which enhances keratinocyte migration and promotes re-epithelialization. Here, we reveal a defective molecular switch in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This defect shuts off miR-198 expression in favor of sustained FSTL1 translation, driving metastasis through dual parallel pathways involving DIAPH1 and FSTL1. DIAPH1, a miR-198 target, enhances directional migration through sequestration of Arpin, a competitive inhibitor of Arp2/3 complex. FSTL1 blocks Wnt7a-mediated repression of extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation, enabling production of MMP9, which degrades the extracellular matrix and facilitates metastasis. The prognostic significance of the FSTL1-DIAPH1 gene pair makes it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath M Sundaram
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hisyam M Ismail
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mohsin Bashir
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Manish Muhuri
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Candida Vaz
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Srikanth Nama
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ghim Siong Ow
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Rajkumar Ramalingam
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Prabha Sampath
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
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27
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EINCR1 is an EGF inducible lincRNA overexpressed in lung adenocarcinomas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181902. [PMID: 28732076 PMCID: PMC5521836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are being increasingly recognised as important molecules involved in regulating a diverse array of biological functions. For example, many long non-coding RNAs have been associated with tumourigenesis and in this context their molecular functions often involves impacting on chromatin and transcriptional control processes. One important cellular control system that is often deregulated in cancer cells is the ERK MAP kinase pathway. Here we have investigated whether ERK pathway signaling in response to EGF stimulation, leads to changes in the production of long non-coding RNAs. We identify several different classes of EGF pathway-regulated lncRNAs. We focus on one of the inducible lincRNAs, EGF inducible long intergenic non-coding RNA 1 (EINCR1). EINCR1 is predominantly nuclear and shows delayed activation kinetics compared to other immediate-early EGF-inducible genes. In humans it is expressed in a tissue-specific manner and is mainly confined to the heart but it exhibits little evolutionary conservation. Importantly, in several cancers EINCR1 shows elevated expression levels which correlate with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. In the context of lung adenocarcinomas, EINCR1 expression is anti-correlated with the expression of several protein coding EGF-regulated genes. A potential functional connection is demonstrated as EINCR1 overexpression is shown to reduce the expression of EGF-regulated protein coding genes including FOS and FOSB.
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28
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The short and the long: non-coding RNAs and growth factors in cancer progression. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:51-64. [PMID: 28202659 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A relatively well-understood multistep process enables mutation-bearing cells to form primary tumours, which later use the circulation system to colonize new locations and form metastases. However, in which way the emerging abundance of different non-coding RNAs supports tumour progression is poorly understood. Here, we review new lines of evidence linking long and short types of non-coding RNAs to signalling pathways activated in the course of cancer progression by growth factors and by the tumour micro-environment. Resolving the new dimension of non-coding RNAs in oncogenesis will probably translate to earlier detection of cancer and improved therapeutic strategies.
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29
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Donzelli S, Mori F, Bellissimo T, Sacconi A, Casini B, Frixa T, Roscilli G, Aurisicchio L, Facciolo F, Pompili A, Carosi MA, Pescarmona E, Segatto O, Pond G, Muti P, Telera S, Strano S, Yarden Y, Blandino G. Epigenetic silencing of miR-145-5p contributes to brain metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35183-201. [PMID: 26440147 PMCID: PMC4742098 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of lung cancer patients. We assessed whether aberrant expression of specific microRNAs could contribute to brain metastasis. Comparison of primary lung tumors and their matched metastatic brain disseminations identified shared patterns of several microRNAs, including common down-regulation of miR-145-5p. Down-regulation was attributed to methylation of miR-145's promoter and affiliated elevation of several protein targets, such as EGFR, OCT-4, MUC-1, c-MYC and, interestingly, tumor protein D52 (TPD52). In line with these observations, restored expression of miR-145-5p and selective depletion of individual targets markedly reduced in vitro and in vivo cancer cell migration. In aggregate, our results attribute to miR-145-5p and its direct targets pivotal roles in malignancy progression and in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donzelli
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mori
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Bellissimo
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Department of Pathology, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Frixa
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Facciolo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pompili
- Department of Neurosurgery, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Carosi
- Department of Pathology, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Department of Pathology, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Greg Pond
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stefano Telera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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30
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Bahrami S, Drabløs F. Gene regulation in the immediate-early response process. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 62:37-49. [PMID: 27220739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Immediate-early genes (IEGs) can be activated and transcribed within minutes after stimulation, without the need for de novo protein synthesis, and they are stimulated in response to both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. Extracellular signals are transduced from the cell surface, through receptors activating a chain of proteins in the cell, in particular extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and members of the RhoA-actin pathway. These communicate through a signaling cascade by adding phosphate groups to neighboring proteins, and this will eventually activate and translocate TFs to the nucleus and thereby induce gene expression. The gene activation also involves proximal and distal enhancers that interact with promoters to simulate gene expression. The immediate-early genes have essential biological roles, in particular in stress response, like the immune system, and in differentiation. Therefore they also have important roles in various diseases, including cancer development. In this paper we summarize some recent advances on key aspects of the activation and regulation of immediate-early genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Bahrami
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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31
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Sas-Chen A, Aure MR, Leibovich L, Carvalho S, Enuka Y, Körner C, Polycarpou-Schwarz M, Lavi S, Nevo N, Kuznetsov Y, Yuan J, Azuaje F, Ulitsky I, Diederichs S, Wiemann S, Yakhini Z, Kristensen VN, Børresen-Dale AL, Yarden Y. LIMT is a novel metastasis inhibiting lncRNA suppressed by EGF and downregulated in aggressive breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1052-64. [PMID: 27485121 PMCID: PMC5009810 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as regulators of gene expression in pathogenesis, including cancer. Recently, lncRNAs have been implicated in progression of specific subtypes of breast cancer. One aggressive, basal‐like subtype associates with increased EGFR signaling, while another, the HER2‐enriched subtype, engages a kin of EGFR. Based on the premise that EGFR‐regulated lncRNAs might control the aggressiveness of basal‐like tumors, we identified multiple EGFR‐inducible lncRNAs in basal‐like normal cells and overlaid them with the transcriptomes of over 3,000 breast cancer patients. This led to the identification of 11 prognostic lncRNAs. Functional analyses of this group uncovered LINC01089 (here renamed LncRNA Inhibiting Metastasis; LIMT), a highly conserved lncRNA, which is depleted in basal‐like and in HER2‐positive tumors, and the low expression of which predicts poor patient prognosis. Interestingly, EGF rapidly downregulates LIMT expression by enhancing histone deacetylation at the respective promoter. We also find that LIMT inhibits extracellular matrix invasion of mammary cells in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, lncRNAs dynamically regulated by growth factors might act as novel drivers of cancer progression and serve as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldema Sas-Chen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Miriam R Aure
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Limor Leibovich
- Department of Computer Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Polycarpou-Schwarz
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer (B150), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Nevo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuri Kuznetsov
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Justin Yuan
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer (B150), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany‡
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zohar Yakhini
- Department of Computer Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Agilent Laboratories, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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32
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Lemmon MA, Freed DM, Schlessinger J, Kiyatkin A. The Dark Side of Cell Signaling: Positive Roles for Negative Regulators. Cell 2016; 164:1172-1184. [PMID: 26967284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling is dominated by analyzing positive responses to stimuli. Signal activation is balanced by negative regulators that are generally considered to terminate signaling. Rather than exerting only negative effects, however, many such regulators play important roles in enhancing cell-signaling control. Considering responses downstream of selected cell-surface receptors, we discuss how receptor internalization affects signaling specificity and how rapid kinase/phosphatase and GTP/GDP cycles increase responsiveness and allow kinetic proofreading in receptor signaling. We highlight the blurring of distinctions between positive and negative signals, recasting signal termination as the response to a switch-like transition into a new cellular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Daniel M Freed
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Anatoly Kiyatkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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microRNAs with AAGUGC seed motif constitute an integral part of an oncogenic signaling network. Oncogene 2016; 36:731-745. [PMID: 27477696 PMCID: PMC5311252 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is a common feature of cancer cells, but the complex roles of miRNAs in cancer are not fully elucidated. Here, we used functional genomics to identify oncogenic miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer and evaluate their impact on response to epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-targeting therapy. Our data demonstrate that miRNAs with an AAGUGC motif in their seed sequence increase both cancer cell proliferation and sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. Global transcriptomics, proteomics and target prediction resulted in the identification of several tumor suppressors involved in the G1/S transition as AAGUGC-miRNA targets. The clinical implications of our findings were evaluated by analysis of AAGUGC-miRNA expression in multiple cancer types, supporting the link between this miRNA seed family, their tumor suppressor targets and cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, we propose the AAGUGC seed motif as an oncomotif and that oncomotif-miRNAs promote cancer cell proliferation. These findings have potential therapeutic implications, especially in selecting patients for EGFR-targeting therapy.
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Li Y, McRobb LS, Khachigian LM. MicroRNA miR-191 targets the zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 and suppresses intimal thickening after carotid injury. Int J Cardiol 2016; 212:299-302. [PMID: 27057945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is an immediate-early gene that is rapidly and transiently induced by stimuli such as injury, hypoxia and shear stress and is implicated in a range of vascular disorders. Once activated it regulates the expression of a range of genes, instigating a healing response involved in cellular dedifferentiation, proliferation and migration. Knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the control of Egr-1 is incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. METHODS The effects of a double-stranded mature mimic precursor of microRNA miR-191 were evaluated on Egr-1 and intimal thickening after balloon catheter injury to carotid arteries in rats. RESULTS miR-191 (pre-191) inhibits intimal thickening compared with the precursor mimic miRNA negative control (pre-CTL) 14days after carotid artery injury. Egr-1 expression was suppressed by miR-191 compared with the pre-CTL group. Moreover miR-191 reduced Ki67 proliferation marker expression. CONCLUSIONS miR-191 negatively regulates Egr-1 and controls neointima formation after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lucinda S McRobb
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Liu Y, Chen X, Qiang S, Lin Q, He F, Dong X, Xiao Z. Effects of EGF on apoptosis of adipose derived stem cells by regulating miRNA-21. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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36
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Marzi MJ, Ghini F, Cerruti B, de Pretis S, Bonetti P, Giacomelli C, Gorski MM, Kress T, Pelizzola M, Muller H, Amati B, Nicassio F. Degradation dynamics of microRNAs revealed by a novel pulse-chase approach. Genome Res 2016; 26:554-65. [PMID: 26821571 PMCID: PMC4817778 DOI: 10.1101/gr.198788.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of miRNAs is critical to the definition of cell identity and behavior in normal physiology and disease. To date, the dynamics of miRNA degradation and the mechanisms involved in remain largely obscure, in particular, in higher organisms. Here, we developed a pulse-chase approach based on metabolic RNA labeling to calculate miRNA decay rates at genome-wide scale in mammalian cells. Our analysis revealed heterogeneous miRNA half-lives, with many species behaving as stable molecules (T1/2 > 24 h), while others, including passenger miRNAs and a number (25/129) of guide miRNAs, are quickly turned over (T1/2 = 4–14 h). Decay rates were coupled with other features, including genomic organization, transcription rates, structural heterogeneity (isomiRs), and target abundance, measured through quantitative experimental approaches. This comprehensive analysis highlighted functional mechanisms that mediate miRNA degradation, as well as the importance of decay dynamics in the regulation of the miRNA pool under both steady-state conditions and during cell transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo J Marzi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ghini
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cerruti
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano de Pretis
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bonetti
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcin M Gorski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Theresia Kress
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Pelizzola
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Heiko Muller
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
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Donzelli S, Cioce M, Muti P, Strano S, Yarden Y, Blandino G. MicroRNAs: Non-coding fine tuners of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:133-42. [PMID: 26773212 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence point to a crucial role for non-coding RNAs in modulating homeostatic signaling under physiological and pathological conditions. MicroRNAs, the best-characterized non-coding RNAs to date, can exquisitely integrate spatial and temporal signals in complex networks, thereby confer specificity and sensitivity to tissue response to changes in the microenvironment. MicroRNAs appear as preferential partners for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) in mediating signaling under stress conditions. Stress signaling can be especially relevant to disease. Here we focus on the ability of microRNAs to mediate RTK signaling in cancer, by acting as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. We will provide a few general examples of microRNAs modulating specific tumorigenic functions downstream of RTK signaling and integrate oncogenic signals from multiple RTKs. A special focus will be devoted to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, a system offering relatively rich information. We will explore the role of selected microRNAs as bidirectional modulators of EGFR functions in cancer cells. In addition, we will present the emerging evidence for microRNAs being specifically modulated by oncogenic EGFR mutants and we will discuss how this impinges on EGFRmut driven chemoresistance, which fits into the tumor heterogeneity-driven cancer progression. Finally, we discuss how other non-coding RNA species are emerging as important modulators of cancer progression and why the scenario depicted herein is destined to become increasingly complex in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donzelli
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cioce
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Dept of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, On L8V1C3, Canada
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Units, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; Dept of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, On L8V1C3, Canada
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Dept of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; Dept of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, On L8V1C3, Canada.
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Enuka Y, Lauriola M, Feldman ME, Sas-Chen A, Ulitsky I, Yarden Y. Circular RNAs are long-lived and display only minimal early alterations in response to a growth factor. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1370-83. [PMID: 26657629 PMCID: PMC4756822 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widespread circles of non-coding RNAs with largely unknown function. Because stimulation of mammary cells with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) leads to dynamic changes in the abundance of coding and non-coding RNA molecules, and culminates in the acquisition of a robust migratory phenotype, this cellular model might disclose functions of circRNAs. Here we show that circRNAs of EGF-stimulated mammary cells are stably expressed, while mRNAs and microRNAs change within minutes. In general, the circRNAs we detected are relatively long-lived and weakly expressed. Interestingly, they are almost ubiquitously co-expressed with the corresponding linear transcripts, and the respective, shared promoter regions are more active compared to genes producing linear isoforms with no detectable circRNAs. These findings imply that altered abundance of circRNAs, unlike changes in the levels of other RNAs, might not play critical roles in signaling cascades and downstream transcriptional networks that rapidly commit cells to specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Morris E Feldman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aldema Sas-Chen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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McCaskill J, Praihirunkit P, Sharp PM, Buck AH. RNA-mediated degradation of microRNAs: A widespread viral strategy? RNA Biol 2015; 12:579-85. [PMID: 25849078 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1034912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of small RNAs by other non-coding RNAs is a ubiquitous feature of gene regulatory systems that can be exploited by viruses. Examples of this have been described in 3 different herpesviruses, where viral non-coding RNAs bind to highly abundant cellular (miRNAs), mediating their degradation: miR-27 is targeted by both murine cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus saimiri, while the miR-17 family is targeted by human cytomegalovirus. We review what is known about RNA-mediated regulation of miRNA stability and propose 3 potential roles that viral non-coding RNAs might assume to initiate the destruction of a miRNA, acting as "recruiters," "localizers" or "exposers." Whereas the miRNAs (miR-17 and miR-27) appear to be ancient and pre-date the common ancestor of all mammalian herpesviruses, comparative analyses of herpesvirus genomes indicate that the 3 known viral regulators of miRNA each evolved independently, and much more recently. Noting that the anti-viral activity of miRNAs might be countered by a variety of mechanisms, we propose that (i) there has been continual turnover of these mechanisms during herpesvirus evolution, and (ii) there may be many other, as yet undescribed, anti-miRNA activities encoded by other herpesviruses and indeed by viruses from other families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana McCaskill
- a Institute of Immunology and Infection Research; School of Biological Sciences; University of Edinburgh ; Edinburgh , UK
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40
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MicroRNAs and Growth Factors: An Alliance Propelling Tumor Progression. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1578-99. [PMID: 26287249 PMCID: PMC4555078 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression requires cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and attraction of blood and lymph vessels. These processes are tightly regulated by growth factors and their intracellular signaling pathways, which culminate in transcriptional programs. Hence, oncogenic mutations often capture growth factor signaling, and drugs able to intercept the underlying biochemical routes might retard cancer spread. Along with messenger RNAs, microRNAs play regulatory roles in growth factor signaling and in tumor progression. Because growth factors regulate abundance of certain microRNAs and the latter modulate the abundance of proteins necessary for growth factor signaling, the two classes of molecules form a dense web of interactions, which are dominated by a few recurring modules. We review specific examples of the alliance formed by growth factors and microRNAs and refer primarily to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway. Clinical applications of the crosstalk between microRNAs and growth factors are described, including relevance to cancer therapy and to emergence of resistance to specific drugs.
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41
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Teixeira AL, Dias F, Ferreira M, Gomes M, Santos JI, Lobo F, Maurício J, Machado JC, Medeiros R. Combined Influence of EGF+61G>A and TGFB+869T>C Functional Polymorphisms in Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression and Overall Survival: The Link to Plasma Circulating MiR-7 and MiR-221/222 Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0103258. [PMID: 25909813 PMCID: PMC4409046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) is responsible for the activation of intracellular signal transducers that act on cell-cycle progression, cell motility, angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis. However, cells can block these effects activating opposite signaling pathways, such as the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) pathway. Thus changes in expression levels of EGF and TGFB1 in renal cells might modulate the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development, in consequence of changes in regulatory elements of signaling networks such as the microRNAs (miRNAs). Our purpose was to investigate the synergic role of EGF+61G>A and TGFB1+869T>C polymorphisms in RCC development. Genetic polymorphisms were studied by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR in 133 RCC patients vs. 443 healthy individuals. The circulating EGF/EGFR-MAPK-related miR-7, miR-221 and miR-222 expression was analyzed by a quantitative real-time PCR in plasma from 22 RCC patients vs. 27 healthy individuals. The intermediate/high genetic proliferation profile patients carriers present a significantly reduced time-to-progression and a higher risk of an early relapse compared with the low genetic proliferation profile carriers (HR = 8.8, P = 0.038) with impact in a lower overall survival (Log rank test, P = 0.047). The RCC patients presented higher circulating expression levels of miR-7 than healthy individuals (6.1-fold increase, P<0.001). Moreover, the intermediate/high genetic proliferation profile carriers present an increase in expression levels of miR-7, miR-221 and miR-222 during the RCC development and this increase is not observed in low genetic proliferation profile (P<0.001, P = 0.004, P<0.001, respectively). The stimulus to angiogenesis, cell-cycle progression and tumoral cells invasion, through activation of EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway in intermediate/high proliferation profile carriers is associated with an early disease progression, resulting in a poor overall survival. We also demonstrated that the intermediate/high proliferation profile is an unfavorable prognostic factor of RCC and miR-7, miR-221 and miR-222 expressions may be useful phenotype biomarkers of EGFR/MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology Group & Virology Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology Group & Virology Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Group & Virology Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana I. Santos
- Molecular Oncology Group & Virology Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Lobo
- Urology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Group & Virology Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Transcriptional dynamics reveal critical roles for non-coding RNAs in the immediate-early response. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004217. [PMID: 25885578 PMCID: PMC4401570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immediate-early response mediates cell fate in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli and is dysregulated in many cancers. However, the specificity of the response across stimuli and cell types, and the roles of non-coding RNAs are not well understood. Using a large collection of densely-sampled time series expression data we have examined the induction of the immediate-early response in unparalleled detail, across cell types and stimuli. We exploit cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) time series datasets to directly measure promoter activities over time. Using a novel analysis method for time series data we identify transcripts with expression patterns that closely resemble the dynamics of known immediate-early genes (IEGs) and this enables a comprehensive comparative study of these genes and their chromatin state. Surprisingly, these data suggest that the earliest transcriptional responses often involve promoters generating non-coding RNAs, many of which are produced in advance of canonical protein-coding IEGs. IEGs are known to be capable of induction without de novo protein synthesis. Consistent with this, we find that the response of both protein-coding and non-coding RNA IEGs can be explained by their transcriptionally poised, permissive chromatin state prior to stimulation. We also explore the function of non-coding RNAs in the attenuation of the immediate early response in a small RNA sequencing dataset matched to the CAGE data: We identify a novel set of microRNAs responsible for the attenuation of the IEG response in an estrogen receptor positive cancer cell line. Our computational statistical method is well suited to meta-analyses as there is no requirement for transcripts to pass thresholds for significant differential expression between time points, and it is agnostic to the number of time points per dataset. Cells respond to stimuli through a set of genes that are primed for rapid activation. These genes, known as immediate-early genes (IEGs), are regulated at the level of transcription of the messenger RNA, and at subsequent RNA processing levels. These rapid responders are then rapidly switched off in normal cells. Immediate-early genes are involved in many cellular processes, including differentiation and proliferation, that are often dysregulated in cancer where they become continuously active. We characterise IEGs in a genome-wide sequencing dataset that captures their transcriptional response over time. Using a novel analysis technique, we identify both protein-coding and non-coding genes that are activated comparably to IEGs and investigate their properties. We examine how IEGs are switched off, including through microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that act to control the level of key IEGs. We identify a novel set of microRNAs responsible for the attenuation of the IEG response in an estrogen receptor positive cancer cell line.
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Kedmi M, Ben-Chetrit N, Körner C, Mancini M, Ben-Moshe NB, Lauriola M, Lavi S, Biagioni F, Carvalho S, Cohen-Dvashi H, Schmitt F, Wiemann S, Blandino G, Yarden Y. EGF induces microRNAs that target suppressors of cell migration: miR-15b targets MTSS1 in breast cancer. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra29. [PMID: 25783158 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors promote tumor growth and metastasis. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced a set of 22 microRNAs (miRNAs) before promoting the migration of mammary cells. These miRNAs were more abundant in human breast tumors relative to the surrounding tissue, and their abundance varied among breast cancer subtypes. One of these miRNAs, miR-15b, targeted the 3' untranslated region of MTSS1 (metastasis suppressor protein 1). Although xenografts in which MTSS1 was knocked down grew more slowly in mice initially, longer-term growth was unaffected. Knocking down MTSS1 increased migration and Matrigel invasion of nontransformed mammary epithelial cells. Overexpressing MTSS1 in an invasive cell line decreased cell migration and invasiveness, decreased the formation of invadopodia and actin stress fibers, and increased the formation of cellular junctions. In tissues from breast cancer patients with the aggressive basal subtype, an inverse correlation occurred with the high expression of miRNA-15b and the low expression of MTSS1. Furthermore, low abundance of MTSS1 correlated with poor patient prognosis. Thus, growth factor-inducible miRNAs mediate mechanisms underlying the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Kedmi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Bossel Ben-Moshe
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena," Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2C4, Canada. IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena," Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Cohen-Dvashi H, Ben-Chetrit N, Russell R, Carvalho S, Lauriola M, Nisani S, Mancini M, Nataraj N, Kedmi M, Roth L, Köstler W, Zeisel A, Yitzhaky A, Zylberg J, Tarcic G, Eilam R, Wigelman Y, Will R, Lavi S, Porat Z, Wiemann S, Ricardo S, Schmitt F, Caldas C, Yarden Y. Navigator-3, a modulator of cell migration, may act as a suppressor of breast cancer progression. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:299-314. [PMID: 25678558 PMCID: PMC4364947 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of primary tumor cells depends on migratory and invasive attributes. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a gene frequently mutated or deleted in human tumors, as a regulator of epithelial migration and invasion. Following induction by growth factors, NAV3 localizes to the plus ends of microtubules and enhances their polarized growth. Accordingly, NAV3 depletion trimmed microtubule growth, prolonged growth factor signaling, prevented apoptosis and enhanced random cell migration. Mathematical modeling suggested that NAV3-depleted cells acquire an advantage in terms of the way they explore their environment. In animal models, silencing NAV3 increased metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of the wild-type form, unlike expression of two, relatively unstable oncogenic mutants from human tumors, inhibited metastasis. Congruently, analyses of > 2,500 breast and lung cancer patients associated low NAV3 with shorter survival. We propose that NAV3 inhibits breast cancer progression by regulating microtubule dynamics, biasing directionally persistent rather than random migration, and inhibiting locomotion of initiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roslin Russell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia Nisani
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nishanth Nataraj
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Köstler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacques Zylberg
- Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabi Tarcic
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Wigelman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rainer Will
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Ricardo
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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45
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Minna E, Romeo P, De Cecco L, Dugo M, Cassinelli G, Pilotti S, Degl'Innocenti D, Lanzi C, Casalini P, Pierotti MA, Greco A, Borrello MG. miR-199a-3p displays tumor suppressor functions in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2513-28. [PMID: 24810336 PMCID: PMC4058023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence is rapidly increasing. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC), the most frequent hystotype, usually displays good prognosis, but no effective therapeutic options are available for the fraction of progressive PTC patients. BRAF and RET/PTC are the most frequent driving genetic lesions identified in PTC. We developed two complementary in vitro models based on RET/PTC1 oncogene, starting from the hypothesis that miRNAs modulated by a driving PTC-oncogene are likely to have a role in thyroid neoplastic processes. Through this strategy, we identified a panel of deregulated miRNAs. Among these we focused on miR-199a-3p and showed its under-expression in PTC specimens and cell lines. We demonstrated that miR-199a-3p restoration in PTC cells reduces MET and mTOR protein levels, impairs migration and proliferation and, more interesting, induces lethality through an unusual form of cell death similar to methuosis, caused by macropinocytosis dysregulation. Silencing MET or mTOR, both involved in survival pathways, does not recapitulate miR-199a-3p-induced cell lethality, thus suggesting that the cooperative regulation of multiple gene targets is necessary. Integrated analysis of miR-199a-3p targets unveils interesting networks including HGF and macropinocytosis pathways. Overall our results indicate miR-199a-3p as a tumor suppressor miRNA in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Minna
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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46
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Rothenberg SM, Concannon K, Cullen S, Boulay G, Turke AB, Faber AC, Lockerman EL, Rivera MN, Engelman JA, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Inhibition of mutant EGFR in lung cancer cells triggers SOX2-FOXO6-dependent survival pathways. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25686219 PMCID: PMC4384750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of EGFR-mutant lung cancer with erlotinib results in
dramatic tumor regression but it is invariably followed by drug resistance. In
characterizing early transcriptional changes following drug treatment of mutant
EGFR-addicted cells, we identified the stem cell transcriptional regulator SOX2 as
being rapidly and specifically induced, both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of
SOX2 sensitizes cells to erlotinib-mediated apoptosis, ultimately decreasing the
emergence of acquired resistance, whereas its ectopic expression reduces drug-induced
cell death. We show that erlotinib relieves EGFR-dependent suppression of FOXO6,
leading to its induction of SOX2, which in turn represses the pro-apoptotic BH3-only
genes BIM and BMF. Together, these observations
point to a physiological feedback mechanism that attenuates oncogene
addiction-mediated cell death associated with the withdrawal of growth factor
signaling and may therefore contribute to the development of resistance. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06132.001 Tumors can form when cells gain mutations in genes that enable them to grow and
divide rapidly. In some human lung cancers, genetic mutations are found in a gene
that makes a protein called EGFR. This protein encourages cells to divide and the
mutations can lead to the cancer cells producing more EGFR, or producing a form of
the protein that is more active. Treating these cancers with a drug called erlotinib inhibits EGFR and makes the
tumors shrink dramatically, but the tumors will usually re-grow because any tumor
cells that survive often become resistant to the drug. There are several ways that
the tumor cells can become resistant, which makes the task of developing a solution
to this problem more difficult. It has been suggested that the tumor cells may enter
a temporary ‘drug-tolerant’ state that helps them to survive and makes
it more likely that they will develop resistance to the drug. However, it is not
clear how this drug-tolerant state might work. To address this question, Rothenberg et al. examined which genes are switched on (or
‘expressed’) in tumor cells with a mutant version of EGFR after they
were treated with the erlotinib drug. The experiments show that a gene called
SOX2 is expressed in these cells. Cells that had lower levels of
SOX2 expression were more sensitive to the effects of the drug
and fewer cells developed resistance. On the other hand, cells that had higher levels
of SOX2 expression were less sensitive to the drug and resistance
was more likely to develop. A protein called FOXO6—which is usually suppressed by EGFR—activates
the SOX2 gene in these cells. Therefore, using erlotinib to inhibit
EGFR to kill the cancer cells increases the activity of FOXO6, which in turn promotes
the survival of some of the cells by activating the SOX2 gene. A
better understanding of the ways in which cancer cells adapt to erlotinib and other
drugs may help us to design more effective treatments with better outcomes for
patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06132.002
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michael Rothenberg
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Kyle Concannon
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Sarah Cullen
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Alexa B Turke
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Anthony C Faber
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Lockerman
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
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47
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a large class of small regulatory RNAs that function as nodes of signaling networks. This implicates that miRs expression has to be finely tuned, as observed during cell cycle progression. Here, using an expression profiling approach, we provide evidence that the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1 regulates miRs expression following cell cycle exit. By using wild type and p27KO cells harvested in different phases of the cell cycle we identified several miRs regulated by p27Kip1 during the G1 to S phase transition. Among these miRs, we identified miR-223 as a miR specifically upregulated by p27Kip1 in G1 arrested cells. Our data demonstrate that p27Kip1 regulated the expression of miR-223, via two distinct mechanisms. p27Kip1 directly stabilized mature miR-223 expression, acting as a RNA binding protein and it controlled E2F1 expression that, in turn, regulated miR-223 promoter activity. The resulting elevated miR-223 levels ultimately participated to arresting cell cycle progression following contact inhibition. Importantly, this mechanism of growth control was conserved in human cells and deranged in breast cancers. Here, we identify a novel and conserved function of p27Kip1 that, by modulating miR-223 expression, contributes to proper regulation of cell cycle exit following contact inhibition. Thus we propose a new role for miR-223 in the regulation of breast cancer progression.
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48
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Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling networks inhibit mouse macrophage inflammatory responses by induction of microRNA-21. Blood 2015; 125:e1-13. [PMID: 25573988 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-608000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization between the M2 (repair, protumorigenic) and M1 (inflammatory) phenotypes is seen as a continuum of states. The detailed transcriptional events and signals downstream of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) that contributes to amplification of the M2 phenotype and suppression of the M1 phenotype are largely unknown. Macrophage CSF-1R pTyr-721 signaling promotes cell motility and enhancement of tumor cell invasion in vitro. Combining analysis of cellular systems for CSF-1R gain of function and loss of function with bioinformatic analysis of the macrophage CSF-1R pTyr-721-regulated transcriptome, we uncovered microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a downstream molecular switch controlling macrophage activation and identified extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and nuclear factor-κB as CSF-1R pTyr-721-regulated signaling nodes. We show that CSF-1R pTyr-721 signaling suppresses the inflammatory phenotype, predominantly by induction of miR-21. Profiling of the miR-21-regulated messenger RNAs revealed that 80% of the CSF-1-regulated canonical miR-21 targets are proinflammatory molecules. Additionally, miR-21 positively regulates M2 marker expression. Moreover, miR-21 feeds back to positively regulate its own expression and to limit CSF-1R-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and nuclear factor-κB. Consistent with an anti-inflammatory role of miRNA-21, intraperitoneal injection of mice with a miRNA-21 inhibitor increases the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and enhances the peritoneal monocyte/macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide. These results identify the CSF-1R-regulated miR-21 network that modulates macrophage polarization.
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49
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Abrantes JLF, Tornatore TF, Pelizzaro-Rocha KJ, de Jesus MB, Cartaxo RT, Milani R, Ferreira-Halder CV. Crosstalk between kinases, phosphatases and miRNAs in cancer. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:167-87. [PMID: 25230087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins, performed by kinases and phosphatases, is the major post translational protein modification in eukaryotic cells. This intracellular event represents a critical regulatory mechanism of several signaling pathways and can be related to a vast array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer research has produced increasing evidence that kinase and phosphatase activity can be compromised by mutations and also by miRNA silencing, performed by small non-coding and endogenously produced RNA molecules that lead to translational repression. miRNAs are believed to target about one-third of human mRNAs while a single miRNA may target about 200 transcripts simultaneously. Regulation of the phosphorylation balance by miRNAs has been a topic of intense research over the last years, spanning topics going as far as cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance. By addressing recent studies that have shown miRNA expression patterns as phenotypic signatures of cancers and how miRNA influence cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, inflammation and DNA repair, we discuss how kinases, phosphatases and miRNAs cooperatively act in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia L F Abrantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thaís F Tornatore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo B de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Cartaxo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renato Milani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
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50
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Muti P, Sacconi A, Hossain A, Donzelli S, Ben Moshe NB, Ganci F, Sieri S, Krogh V, Berrino F, Biagioni F, Strano S, Beyene J, Yarden Y, Blandino G. Downregulation of microRNAs 145-3p and 145-5p is a long-term predictor of postmenopausal breast cancer risk: The ORDET prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2471-81. [PMID: 25073626 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of key metabolic, inflammatory, and malignant pathways; hence, they might be considered both predictors and players of cancer development. METHODS Using a case-control study design nested in the ORDET prospective cohort study, we addressed the possibility that specific mRNAs can serve as early predictors of breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. We compared leukocyte miRNA profiles of 133 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases and profiles of 133 women who remained healthy over a follow-up period of 20 years. RESULTS The analysis identified 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 15 of which were downregulated. Of the 20 miRNAs, miR145-5p and miR145-3p, each derived from another arm of the respective pre-miRNA, were consistently and significantly downregulated in all the databases that we surveyed. For example, analysis of more than 1,500 patients (the UK Metabric cohort) indicated that high abundance of miR145-3p and miR145-5p was associated with longer, and for miR145-3p also statistically significant, survival. The experimental data attributed different roles to the identified miRNAs: Although the 5p isoform was associated with invasion and metastasis, the other isoform seems related to cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These observations and the prospective design of our study lend support to the hypothesis that downregulation of specific miRNAs constitutes an early event in cancer development. This finding might be used for breast cancer prevention. IMPACT The identification of the miRNAs as long-term biomarkers of breast cancer may have an impact on breast cancer prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- The Statistics for Integrative Genomics and Methods Advancement Laboratory, Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Donzelli
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Noa Bossel Ben Moshe
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Federica Ganci
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Berrino
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph Beyene
- The Statistics for Integrative Genomics and Methods Advancement Laboratory, Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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