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Sun J, Zhang Y, Adams JA, Higgins CB, Kelly SC, Zhang H, Cho KY, Johnson UG, Swarts BM, Wada SI, Patti GJ, Shriver LP, Finck BN, Herzog ED, DeBosch BJ. Hepatocyte Period 1 dictates oxidative substrate selection independent of the core circadian clock. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114865. [PMID: 39412985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms integrate circadian and metabolic signals to optimize substrate selection to survive starvation, yet precisely how this occurs is unclear. Here, we show that hepatocyte Period1 (Per1) is selectively induced during fasting, and mice lacking hepatocyte Per1 fail to initiate autophagic flux, ketogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Transcriptomic analyses show failed induction of the fasting hepatokine Fgf21 in Per1-deficient mice, and single-nucleus multiome sequencing defines a putative responding hepatocyte subpopulation that fails to induce the chromatin accessibility near the Fgf21 locus. In vivo isotopic tracing and indirect calorimetry demonstrate that hepatocyte Per1-deficient mice fail to transit from oxidation of glucose to fat, which is completely reversible by exogenous FGF21 or by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase. Strikingly, disturbing other core circadian genes does not perturb Per1 induction during fasting. We thus describe Per1 as an important mechanism by which hepatocytes integrate internal circadian rhythm and external nutrition signals to facilitate proper fuel utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon C Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Y Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ulysses G Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Shun-Ichi Wada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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2
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Sadeghloo Z, Nabavi-Rad A, Zali MR, Klionsky DJ, Yadegar A. The interplay between probiotics and host autophagy: mechanisms of action and emerging insights. Autophagy 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39291740 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2403277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent protein degradation mechanism, is a highly conserved catabolic process seen in all eukaryotes. This cell protection system, which is present in all tissues and functions at a basic level, can be up- or downregulated in response to various stresses. A disruption in the natural route of the autophagy process is frequently followed by an interruption in the inherent operation of the body's cells and organs. Probiotics are live bacteria that protect the host through various mechanisms. One of the processes through which probiotics exert their beneficial effects on various cells and tissues is autophagy. Autophagy can assist in maintaining host homeostasis by stimulating the immune system and affecting numerous physiological and pathological responses. In this review, we particularly focus on autophagy impairments occurring in several human illnesses and investigate how probiotics affect the autophagy process under various circumstances.Abbreviation: AD: Alzheimer disease; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: 5'AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; CCl4: carbon tetrachloride; CFS: cell-free supernatant; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CRC: colorectal cancer; EPS: L. plantarum H31 exopolysaccharide; HD: Huntington disease; HFD: high-fat diet; HPV: human papillomavirus; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL6: interleukin 6; LGG: L. rhamnosus GG; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PD: Parkinson disease; Pg3G: pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PolyQ: polyglutamine; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids; SLAB51: a novel formulation of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria; Slp: surface layer protein (of acidophilus NCFM); SNCA: synuclein alpha; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy-activating kinase 1; YB: B. longum subsp. infantis YB0411; YFP: yeast fermentate prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadeghloo
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Pradeloux S, Coulombe K, Ouamba AJK, Isenbrandt A, Calon F, Roy D, Soulet D. Oral Trehalose Intake Modulates the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Is Neuroprotective in a Synucleinopathy Mouse Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:3309. [PMID: 39408276 PMCID: PMC11478413 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal and gastrointestinal tracts, causing both motor and non-motor symptoms. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of trehalose. This sugar is confined in the gut due to the absence of transporters, so we hypothesized that trehalose might exert neuroprotective effects on PD through its action on the gut microbiota. We used a transgenic mouse model of PD (PrP-A53T G2-3) overexpressing human α-synuclein and developing GI dysfunctions. Mice were given water with trehalose, maltose, or sucrose (2% w/v) for 6.5 m. Trehalose administration prevented a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra (-25%), striatum (-38%), and gut (-18%) in PrP-A53T mice. It also modulated the gut microbiota, reducing the loss of diversity seen in PrP-A53T mice and promoting bacteria negatively correlated with PD in patients. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased the intestinal secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) by 29%. Maltose and sucrose, which break down into glucose, did not show neuroprotective effects, suggesting glucose is not involved in trehalose-mediated neuroprotection. Since trehalose is unlikely to cross the intestinal barrier at the given dose, the results suggest its effects are mediated indirectly through the gut microbiota and GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Pradeloux
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Jules Kennang Ouamba
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amandine Isenbrandt
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.P.); (K.C.); (A.J.K.O.); (A.I.); (F.C.); (D.R.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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4
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Tung HC, Kim JW, Zhu J, Li S, Yan J, Liu Q, Koo I, Koshkin SA, Hao F, Zhong G, Xu M, Wang Z, Wang J, Huang Y, Xi Y, Cai X, Xu P, Ren S, Higashiyama T, Gonzalez FJ, Li S, Isoherranen N, Yang D, Ma X, Patterson AD, Xie W. Inhibition of heme-thiolate monooxygenase CYP1B1 prevents hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by accumulating trehalose. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk8446. [PMID: 39321267 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk8446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Activation of extracellular matrix-producing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in liver fibrogenesis. We showed that the expression of the heme-thiolate monooxygenase cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) was elevated in human and mouse fibrotic livers and activated HSCs. Systemic or HSC-specific ablation and pharmacological inhibition of CYP1B1 attenuated HSC activation and protected male but not female mice from thioacetamide (TAA)-, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-, or bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis. Metabolomic analysis revealed an increase in the disaccharide trehalose in CYP1B1-deficient HSCs resulting from intestinal suppression of the trehalose-metabolizing enzyme trehalase, whose gene we found to be a target of RARα. Trehalose or its hydrolysis-resistant derivative lactotrehalose exhibited potent antifibrotic activity in vitro and in vivo by functioning as an HSC-specific autophagy inhibitor, which may account for the antifibrotic effect of CYP1B1 inhibition. Our study thus reveals an endobiotic function of CYP1B1 in liver fibrosis in males, mediated by liver-intestine cross-talk and trehalose. At the translational level, pharmacological inhibition of CYP1B1 or the use of trehalose/lactotrehalose may represent therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Tung
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jiong Yan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sergei A Koshkin
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zehua Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yixian Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Songrong Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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5
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Kelly SC, Higgins CB, Sun J, Adams JA, Zhang Y, Ballentine S, Miao Y, Cui X, Milewska M, Wandzik I, Yoshino J, Swarts BM, Wada SI, DeBosch BJ. Hepatocyte MMP14 mediates liver and inter-organ inflammatory responses to diet-induced liver injury. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae357. [PMID: 39282008 PMCID: PMC11393575 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 is a ubiquitously expressed, membrane-bound, secreted endopeptidase that proteolyzes substrates to regulate development, signaling, and metabolism. However, the spatial and contextual events inciting MMP14 activation and its metabolic sequelae are not fully understood. Here, we introduce an inducible, hepatocyte-specific MMP14-deficient model (MMP14LKO mice) to elucidate cell-intrinsic and systemic MMP14 function. We show that hepatocyte MMP14 mediates diet-induced body weight gain, peripheral adiposity, and impaired glucose homeostasis and drives diet-induced liver triglyceride accumulation and induction of hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that hepatocyte MMP14 mediates Kupffer cell and T-cell accumulation and promotes diet-induced hepatocellular subpopulation shifts toward protection against lipid absorption. MMP14 co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses revealed MMP14 substrate binding across both inflammatory and cytokine signaling, as well as metabolic pathways. Strikingly, hepatocyte MMP14 loss-of-function suppressed skeletal muscle and adipose inflammation in vivo, and in a reductionist adipose-hepatocyte co-culture model. Finally, we reveal that trehalose-type glucose transporter inhibitors decrease hepatocyte MMP14 gene expression and nominate these inhibitors as translatable therapeutic metabolic agents. We conclude that hepatocyte MMP14 drives liver and inter-organ inflammatory and metabolic sequelae of obesogenic dietary insult. Modulating MMP14 activation and blockade thus represents a targetable node in the pathogenesis of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yong Miao
- Genome Engineering and Stem Cell Core, McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - XiaoXia Cui
- Genome Engineering and Stem Cell Core, McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Shun-ichi Wada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Raza S, Rajak S, Yen PM, Sinha RA. Autophagy and hepatic lipid metabolism: mechanistic insight and therapeutic potential for MASLD. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 2:19. [PMID: 39100919 PMCID: PMC11296953 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-024-00022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) originates from a homeostatic imbalance in hepatic lipid metabolism. Increased fat deposition in the liver of people suffering from MASLD predisposes them to develop further metabolic derangements, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and other end-stage liver diseases. Unfortunately, only limited pharmacological therapies exist for MASLD to date. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process, has emerged as a primary mechanism of lipid metabolism in mammalian hepatocytes. Furthermore, preclinical studies with autophagy modulators have shown promising results in resolving MASLD and mitigating its progress into deleterious liver pathologies. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy-mediated hepatic lipid metabolism, its therapeutic modulation for MASLD treatment, and current limitations and scope for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Paul M. Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Rohit A. Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
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7
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Wang H, Li X, Zhang Q, Fu C, Jiang W, Xue J, Liu S, Meng Q, Ai L, Zhi X, Deng S, Liang W. Autophagy in Disease Onset and Progression. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1646-1671. [PMID: 37962467 PMCID: PMC11272186 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a biological phenomenon whereby components of cells can self-degrade using autophagosomes. During this process, cells can clear dysfunctional organelles or unwanted elements. Autophagy can recycle unnecessary biomolecules into new components or sometimes, even destroy the cells themselves. This cellular process was first observed in 1962 by Keith R. Porter et al. Since then, autophagy has been studied for over 60 years, and much has been learned on the topic. Nevertheless, the process is still not fully understood. It has been proven, for example, that autophagy can be a positive force for maintaining good health by removing older or damaged cells. By contrast, autophagy is also involved in the onset and progression of various conditions caused by pathogenic infections. These diseases generally involve several important organs in the human body, including the liver, kidney, heart, and central nervous system. The regulation of the defects of autophagy defects may potentially be used to treat some diseases. This review comprehensively discusses recent research frontiers and topics of interest regarding autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengtao Fu
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Bioimaging Core of Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Technology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
| | - Lisha Ai
- Department of Teaching and Research, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
| | - Shoulong Deng
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
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8
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Sahranavard M, Hosseinjani H, Emadzadeh M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effect of trehalose on mortality and disease severity in ICU-admitted patients: Protocol for a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 40:101324. [PMID: 39021672 PMCID: PMC11252791 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Improvement in organ failure in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is accompanied by lower mortality rate. A disaccharide, trehalose is a candidate to improve organ failure and survival by autophagy induction and enhancing oxidative stress defense. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of trehalose in improving clinical outcome and reducing mortality in ICU patients. Methods a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two arm, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial will enroll 200 ICU-admitted patients at Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The patients will be randomly allocated to receive either a 100 ml solution of 15 % trehalose or normal saline intravenously. Primary outcomes include ICU mortality and 60-day mortality, while secondary outcomes focus on blood parameters on day 5 and length of hospital/ICU stay. Conclusion Trehalose has demonstrated beneficial effects in diverse patients; however, no study has evaluated its effect in all ICU-admitted patients. Consequently, this study provides an opportunity to investigate whether trehalose's anti-inflammatory effects, mediated by inducing autophagy and enhancing oxidative stress defense, can play a role in reducing mortality and improving clinical outcomes in the critically ill patients. If successful, trehalose could offer a potential therapeutic approach in the ICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Sahranavard
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesamoddin Hosseinjani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Calvete-Torre I, Sabater C, Villamiel M, Margolles A, Méndez-Albiñana P, Ruiz L, Hernandez-Hernandez O. Exploring the modulatory effect of trehalose-derived galactooligosaccharides on key gut microbiota groups. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133053. [PMID: 38857723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose (α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-1)-α-D-glucopyranoside) has found applications in diverse food products as a sweetener, stabilizer, and humectant. Recent attention has focused on trehalose due to its contradictory effects on the virulence of Clostridium difficile. In this study, we investigate the impact of novel trehalose-derived galactooligosaccharides (Treh-GOS) on the human gut microbiota using in vitro fecal fermentation models. Distinct Treh-GOS structures elicit varying taxonomic responses. For instance, β-Gal-(1-4)-trehalose [DP3(1-4)] leads to an increase of Bifidobacterium, comparable to results observed with commercial GOS. Conversely, β-Gal-(1-6)-trehalose [DP3(1-6)] prompts an increase in Lactobacillus. Notably, both of these trisaccharides yield the highest concentrations of butyric acid across all samples. On the other hand, Treh-GOS tetrasaccharide mixture (DP4), featuring a novel trehalose galactosylation in both glucose units, fosters the growth of Parabacteroides. Our findings underscore the capacity of novel Treh-GOS to modulate the human gut microbiota. Consequently, these innovative galactooligosaccharides emerge as promising candidates for novel prebiotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Calvete-Torre
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Sabater
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Méndez-Albiñana
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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10
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Pupyshev AB, Akopyan AA, Tenditnik MV, Ovsyukova MV, Dubrovina NI, Belichenko VM, Korolenko TA, Zozulya SA, Klyushnik TP, Tikhonova MA. Alimentary Treatment with Trehalose in a Pharmacological Model of Alzheimer's Disease in Mice: Effects of Different Dosages and Treatment Regimens. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:813. [PMID: 38931934 PMCID: PMC11207537 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of experimental neurodegeneration with disaccharide trehalose, various regimens are used, predominantly a 2% solution, drunk for several weeks. We studied the effects of different regimens of dietary trehalose treatment in an amyloid-β (Aβ) 25-35-induced murine model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ-treated mice received 2% trehalose solution daily, 4% trehalose solution daily (continuous mode) or every other day (intermittent mode), to drink for two weeks. We revealed the dose-dependent effects on autophagy activation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and the restoration of behavioral disturbances. A continuous intake of 4% trehalose solution caused the greatest activation of autophagy and the complete recovery of step-through latency in the passive avoidance test that corresponds to associative long-term memory and learning. This regimen also produced an anxiolytic effect in the open field. The effects of all the regimens studied were similar in Aβ load, neuroinflammatory response, and neuronal density in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Trehalose successfully restored these parameters to the levels of the control group. Thus, high doses of trehalose had increased efficacy towards cognitive impairment in a model of early AD-like pathology. These findings could be taken into account for translational studies and the development of clinical approaches for AD therapy using trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Pupyshev
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A. Akopyan
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michael V. Tenditnik
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Ovsyukova
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina I. Dubrovina
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victor M. Belichenko
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria A. Tikhonova
- Laboratory of the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630017 Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Kuczyńska-Wiśnik D, Stojowska-Swędrzyńska K, Laskowska E. Intracellular Protective Functions and Therapeutical Potential of Trehalose. Molecules 2024; 29:2088. [PMID: 38731579 PMCID: PMC11085779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring, non-reducing saccharide widely distributed in nature. Over the years, research on trehalose has revealed that this initially thought simple storage molecule is a multifunctional and multitasking compound protecting cells against various stress factors. This review presents data on the role of trehalose in maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions and in the virulence of bacteria and fungi. Numerous studies have demonstrated that trehalose acts in the cell as an osmoprotectant, chemical chaperone, free radical scavenger, carbon source, virulence factor, and metabolic regulator. The increasingly researched medical and therapeutic applications of trehalose are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
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12
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Naiini MR, Shahouzehi B, Azizi S, Shafiei B, Nazari-Robati M. Trehalose-induced SIRT1/AMPK activation regulates SREBP-1c/PPAR-α to alleviate lipid accumulation in aged liver. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1061-1070. [PMID: 37581638 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a disturbance in the regulation of the metabolic function of the liver, which increases the risk of liver and systemic diseases. Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, has been identified to reduce dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance. However, the roles of trehalose on lipid metabolism in aged liver are unclear which was investigated in this study. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8). Two groups of aged (24 months) and young (4 months) rats were administered 2% trehalose solution orally for 30 days. Control groups of aged and young rats did not receive any treatment. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples and liver tissues were collected. Then the expression of SIRT1, AMPK, SREBP-1c, and PPAR-α and the level of AMPK phosphorylation (p-AMPK) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Moreover, biochemical parameters and the histopathology of livers were evaluated. Trehalose supplementation increased the level of SIRT1, p-AMPK, and PPAR-α, whereas the level of SREBP-1c was diminished in the liver of old animals. In addition, treatment with trehalose improved histopathological features of senescent livers. Taken together, our results show that old rats developed lipogenesis in the liver which was alleviated with trehalose. Therefore, trehalose may be an effective intervention to reduce the progression of aging-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Rahimi Naiini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Beydolah Shahouzehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Shafiei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Wasserman HD, Adams JA, Higgins CB, Kelly SC, Lantier L, DeBosch BJ. A Structure-function Analysis of Hepatocyte Arginase 2 Reveals Mitochondrial Ureahydrolysis as a Determinant of Glucose Oxidation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:801-820. [PMID: 38280549 PMCID: PMC10966292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Restoring hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity is critical to prevent or reverse metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Glucose homeostasis comprises in part the complex regulation of hepatic glucose production and insulin-mediated glucose uptake and oxidation in peripheral tissues. We previously identified hepatocyte arginase 2 (Arg2) as an inducible ureahydrolase that improves glucose homeostasis and enhances glucose oxidation in multiple obese, insulin-resistant models. We therefore examined structure-function determinants through which hepatocyte Arg2 governs systemic insulin action and glucose oxidation. METHODS To do this, we generated mice expressing wild-type murine Arg2, enzymatically inactive Arg2 (Arg2H160F) and Arg2 lacking its putative mitochondrial targeting sequence (Arg2Δ1-22). We expressed these hepatocyte-specific constructs in obese, diabetic (db/db) mice and performed genetic complementation analyses in hepatocyte-specific Arg2-deficent (Arg2LKO) mice. RESULTS We show that Arg2 attenuates hepatic steatosis, independent of mitochondrial localization or ureahydrolase activity, and that enzymatic arginase activity is dispensable for Arg2 to augment total body energy expenditure. In contrast, mitochondrial localization and ureahydrolase activity were required for Arg2-mediated reductions in fasting glucose and insulin resistance indices. Mechanistically, Arg2Δ1-22 and Arg2H160F failed to suppress glucose appearance during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping. Quantification of heavy-isotope-labeled glucose oxidation further revealed that mistargeting or ablating Arg2 enzymatic function abrogates Arg2-induced peripheral glucose oxidation. CONCLUSION We conclude that the metabolic effects of Arg2 extend beyond its enzymatic activity, yet hepatocyte mitochondrial ureahydrolysis drives hepatic and peripheral oxidative metabolism. The data define a structure-based mechanism mediating hepatocyte Arg2 function and nominate hepatocyte mitochondrial ureahydrolysis as a key determinant of glucose oxidative capacity in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Henry D Wasserman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shannon C Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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14
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Sooksridang T, Rachatapibul C, Srinongkote S, Mukai K, Kikusato M. Trehalose Supplementation Effects on Growth, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Bacteria, and Footpad Dermatitis of Broiler Chickens Reared at High Density. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024001. [PMID: 38205392 PMCID: PMC10774519 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the effects of trehalose (Tre) supplementation on the growth, intestinal morphology, gut bacteria, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities (SD). Four hundred newly hatched Ross 308 male chicks were randomly allocated to four groups of eight, following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design using two SDs (normal, 11; high, 14 birds/m2) and two diets: basal with and without 0.5% Tre. Tre supplementation was provided during the starter/grower phase, but not the finisher phase. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. We observed no significant effects of SD or Tre, individually or combined, on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter/grower period. However, high SD decreased both BWG (P < 0.001) and FI (P < 0.05), and increased FCR (P < 0.001), during the finisher period. Whereas Tre reduced FCR (P < 0.05) as a main effect, no combined effect was observed on FCR. Over the total period, high SD negatively affected BWG and FCR (P < 0.001), and Tre significantly reduced FCR, with its effect unaffected by SD. No significant effects of SD or Tre were observed on jejunal morphology. The ileal abundance of Clostridium perfringens (P > 0.05) was not affected by high SD but was significantly reduced by Tre. Neither high SD nor Tre altered Lactobacillus spp. counts; however, high SD increased FPD lesion scores, whereas Tre had no effect. The study showed that Tre supplementation during the starter/grower period improved FCR during the finisher period, possibly by decreasing the abundance of C. perfringens in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takawan Sooksridang
- Bangkok Animal Research Center Co., Ltd. 74/4 mu 7
Naiklongbangplakod, Prasamutjedi, Samutprakarn 10290, Thailand
| | - Chantaluk Rachatapibul
- Bangkok Animal Research Center Co., Ltd. 74/4 mu 7
Naiklongbangplakod, Prasamutjedi, Samutprakarn 10290, Thailand
| | - Saksit Srinongkote
- Bangkok Animal Research Center Co., Ltd. 74/4 mu 7
Naiklongbangplakod, Prasamutjedi, Samutprakarn 10290, Thailand
| | - Kazuhisa Mukai
- Hayashibara Co. Ltd., 1-1-3 Shimoishii, Kita-ku, Okayama
700-0907, Japan
| | - Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572,
Japan
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15
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Maruf A, Milewska M, Varga M, Wandzik I. Trehalose-Bearing Carriers to Target Impaired Autophagy and Protein Aggregation Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15613-15628. [PMID: 38031413 PMCID: PMC10726369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, trehalose, a natural disaccharide, has attracted growing attention because of the discovery of its potential to induce autophagy. Trehalose has also been demonstrated to preserve the protein's structural integrity and to limit the aggregation of pathologically misfolded proteins. Both of these properties have made trehalose a promising therapeutic candidate to target autophagy-related disorders and protein aggregation diseases. Unfortunately, trehalose has poor bioavailability due to its hydrophilic nature and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Recently, trehalose-bearing carriers, in which trehalose is incorporated either by chemical conjugation or physical entrapment, have emerged as an alternative option to free trehalose to improve its efficacy, particularly for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cancers. In the current Perspective, we discuss all existing literature in this emerging field and try to identify key challenges for researchers intending to develop trehalose-bearing carriers to stimulate autophagy or inhibit protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maruf
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Drug
Research Progam, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Helsinki, Viikinkaari
5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Máté Varga
- Department
of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd
University, Pázmány
P. stny. 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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16
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Zhong Y, Maruf A, Qu K, Milewska M, Wandzik I, Mou N, Cao Y, Wu W. Nanogels with covalently bound and releasable trehalose for autophagy stimulation in atherosclerosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:472. [PMID: 38066538 PMCID: PMC10704736 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, cholesterol-driven plaque formation in arteries, is a complex multicellular disease which is a leading cause of vascular diseases. During the progression of atherosclerosis, the autophagic function is impaired, resulting in lipid accumulation-mediated foam cell formation. The stimulation of autophagy is crucial for the recovery of cellular recycling process. One of the potential autophagy inducers is trehalose, a naturally occurring non-reducing disaccharide. However, trehalose has poor bioavailability due to its hydrophilic nature which results in poor penetration through cell membranes. To enhance its bioavailability, we developed trehalose-releasing nanogels (TNG) for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The nanogels were fabricated through copolymerization of 6-O-acryloyl-trehalose with the selected acrylamide-type monomers affording a high trehalose conjugation (~ 58%, w/w). TNG showed a relatively small hydrodynamic diameter (dH, 67 nm) and a uniform spherical shape and were characterized by negative ζ potential (-18 mV). Thanks to the trehalose-rich content, TNG demonstrated excellent colloidal stability in biological media containing serum and were non-hemolytic to red blood cells. In vitro study confirmed that TNG could stimulate autophagy in foam cells and enhance lipid efflux and in vivo study in ApoE-/- mice indicated a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaques, while increasing autophagic markers. In conclusion, TNG hold great promise as a trehalose delivery system to restore impaired autophagy-mediated lipid efflux in atherosclerosis and subsequently reduce atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ali Maruf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Nianlian Mou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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17
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Morales-Carrizales DA, Gopar-Cuevas Y, Loera-Arias MDJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H. A neuroprotective dose of trehalose is harmless to metabolic organs: comprehensive histopathological analysis of liver, pancreas, and kidney. Daru 2023; 31:135-144. [PMID: 37393413 PMCID: PMC10624785 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide synthesized by lower organisms. It has recently received special attention because of its neuroprotective properties by stimulating autophagy in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Therefore, evaluating whether trehalose affects metabolic organs is vital to determine its neurotherapeutic safety. METHODS We validated the trehalose neuroprotective dosage in a PD model induced with intraperitoneal paraquat administration twice weekly for 7 weeks. One week before paraquat administration, mice were treated with trehalose in the drinking water and continued along with paraquat treatment. Histological and morphometrical analyses were conducted on the organs involved in trehalose metabolism, including the liver, pancreas, and kidney. RESULTS Paraquat-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss was significantly decreased by trehalose. After trehalose treatment, the liver morphology, the mononucleated/binucleated hepatocytes percentage, and sinusoidal diameter remained unchanged in each liver lobes. Endocrine and exocrine pancreas's histology was not affected, nor was any fibrotic process observed. The islet of Langerhans's structure was preserved when analyzing the area, the largest and smallest diameter, and circularity. Renal morphology remained undamaged, and no changes were identified within the glomerular basement membrane. The renal corpuscle structure did not suffer alterations in the Bowman's space, area, diameter, circularity, perimeter, and cellularity. Besides, the renal tubular structures's luminal area and internal and external diameter were preserved. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that systemic trehalose administration preserved the typical histological architecture of the organs involved in its metabolism, supporting its safety as a potential neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Armando Morales-Carrizales
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Yareth Gopar-Cuevas
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Zhang Y, Chen Q, Fu X, Zhu S, Huang Q, Li C. Current Advances in the Regulatory Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Dietary Resources on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Role of Autophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17554-17569. [PMID: 37955247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by lipid metabolic disorder primarily due to sedentary lifestyles and excessive food consumption. However, there are currently no approved and effective drugs available to treat NAFLD. In recent years, research has shown that dietary bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavones, and alkaloids, have the potential to improve NAFLD by regulating autophagy. However, there is no up-to-date review of research progress in this field. This review aims to systematically summarize and discuss the regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of dietary bioactive compounds on NAFLD through the modulation of autophagy. The existing research has demonstrated that some dietary bioactive compounds can effectively improve various aspects of NAFLD progression, such as lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial homeostasis, and inflammation. Molecular mechanism studies have revealed that they exert their beneficial effects on NAFLD through autophagy-mediated signaling pathways, predominantly involving transcription factor EB (TFEB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), SIRT, and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkin. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of current research in this field are highlighted. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential treatment of NAFLD using dietary bioactive compounds that can modulate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Food Science and Dietetics, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Kaneda M, Elfadadny A, Elhaieg A, Shimada K, Tanaka R. Effect of trehalose on heart functions in rats model after myocardial infarction: assessment of novel intraventricular pressure and heart rate variability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1182628. [PMID: 37469485 PMCID: PMC10353053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1182628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarctions remain a leading cause of global deaths. Developing novel drugs to target cardiac remodeling after myocardial injury is challenging. There is an increasing interest in exploring natural cardioprotective agents and non-invasive tools like intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in myocardial infarctions. Trehalose (TRE), a natural disaccharide, shows promise in treating atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TRE in improving cardiac functions measured by IVPG and HRV and reducing myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction in rat model. Methods Rats were divided into three groups: sham, myocardial infarction (MI), and trehalose-treated MI (TRE) groups. The animals in the MI and TRE groups underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The TRE group received 2% trehalose in their drinking water for four weeks after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, heart function was assessed using conventional echocardiography, novel color M-mode echocardiography for IVPG evaluation, and HRV analysis. After euthanasia, gross image scoring, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to evaluate inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Results The MI group exhibited significantly lower values in multiple IVPG parameters. In contrast, TRE administration showed an ameliorative effect on IVPG changes, with results comparable to the sham group. Additionally, TRE improved HRV parameters, mitigated morphological changes induced by myocardial infarction, reduced histological alterations in wall mass, and suppressed inflammatory reactions within the infarcted heart tissues. Furthermore, TRE demonstrated antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties. Conclusion The investigation into the effect of trehalose on a myocardial infarction rat model has yielded promising outcomes, as evidenced by improvements observed through conventional echocardiography, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. While minor trends were noticed in IVPG and HRV measurements. However, our findings offer valuable insights and demonstrate a correlation between IVPG, HRV, and other traditional markers of echo assessment in the myocardial infarction vs. sham groups. This alignment suggests the potential of IVPG and HRV as additional indicators for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Caballero-Florán IH, Cortés H, Borbolla-Jiménez FV, Florán-Hernández CD, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Magaña JJ, Florán B, Leyva-Gómez G. PEG 400:Trehalose Coating Enhances Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticle Internalization in Neuronal Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1594. [PMID: 37376043 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a combination of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and trehalose as a surface modification approach to enhance PLGA-based nanoparticles as a drug carrier for neurons. PEG improves nanoparticles' hydrophilicity, and trehalose enhances the nanoparticle's cellular internalization by inducing a more auspicious microenvironment based on inhibiting cell surface receptor denaturation. To optimize the nanoprecipitation process, a central composite design was performed; nanoparticles were adsorbed with PEG and trehalose. PLGA nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 200 nm were produced, and the coating process did not considerably increase their size. Nanoparticles entrapped curcumin, and their release profile was determined. The nanoparticles presented a curcumin entrapment efficiency of over 40%, and coated nanoparticles reached 60% of curcumin release in two weeks. MTT tests and curcumin fluorescence, with confocal imaging, were used to assess nanoparticle cytotoxicity and cell internalization in SH-SY5Y cells. Free curcumin 80 µM depleted the cell survival to 13% at 72 h. Contrariwise, PEG:Trehalose-coated curcumin-loaded and non-loaded nanoparticles preserved cell survival at 76% and 79% under the same conditions, respectively. Cells incubated with 100 µM curcumin or curcumin nanoparticles for 1 h exhibited 13.4% and 14.84% of curcumin's fluorescence, respectively. Moreover, cells exposed to 100 µM curcumin in PEG:Trehalose-coated nanoparticles for 1 h presented 28% fluorescence. In conclusion, PEG:Trehalose-adsorbed nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm exhibited suitable neural cytotoxicity and increased cell internalization proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac H Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior S/N, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Fabiola V Borbolla-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Carla D Florán-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica & Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - María L Del Prado-Audelo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica & Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior S/N, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Su HY, Yang JJ, Zou R, An N, Chen XC, Yang C, Yang HJ, Yao CW, Liu HF. Autophagy in peritoneal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1187207. [PMID: 37256065 PMCID: PMC10226653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1187207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a widely accepted renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Morphological and functional changes occur in the peritoneal membranes (PMs) of patients undergoing long-term PD. Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a common PD-related complication that ultimately leads to PM injury and peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. Autophagy is a cellular process of "self-eating" wherein damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and pathogenic microbes are degraded to maintain intracellular environment homeostasis and cell survival. Growing evidence shows that autophagy is involved in fibrosis progression, including renal fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis, in various organs. Multiple risk factors, including high-glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (HGPDS), stimulate the activation of autophagy, which participates in PF progression, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Nevertheless, the underlying roles and mechanisms of autophagy in PF progression remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the key roles and potential mechanisms of autophagy in PF to offer novel perspectives on future therapy strategies for PF and their limitations.
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Chamarthy S, Mekala JR. Functional importance of glucose transporters and chromatin epigenetic factors in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): possible therapeutics. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1441-1469. [PMID: 37093461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer affecting glial cells and is chemo- and radio-resistant. Glucose is considered the most vital energy source for cancer cell proliferation. During metabolism, hexose molecules will be transported into the cells via transmembrane proteins known as glucose transporter (GLUT). Among them, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 play pivotal roles in glucose transport in GBM. Knockdown studies have established the role of GLUT-1, and GLUT-3 mediated glucose transport in GBM cells, providing insight into GLUT-mediated cancer signaling and cancer aggressiveness. This review focussed on the vital role of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 proteins, which regulate glucose transport. Recent studies have identified the role of GLUT inhibitors in effective cancer prevention. Several of them are in clinical trials. Understanding and functional approaches towards glucose-mediated cell metabolism and chromatin epigenetics will provide valuable insights into the mechanism of cancer aggressiveness, cancer stemness, and chemo-resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). This review summarizes the role of GLUT inhibitors, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that aid in inhibiting glucose uptake by the GBM cells and other cancer cells leading to the identification of potential therapeutic, prognostic as well as diagnostic markers. Furthermore, the involvement of epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, in regulating glycolytic genes was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
| | - Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India.
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van Laar A, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Desmet T, Beerens K, Van Camp J. Rare Sugar Metabolism and Impact on Insulin Sensitivity along the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis In Vitro. Nutrients 2023; 15:1593. [PMID: 37049441 PMCID: PMC10096767 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars have recently attracted attention as potential sugar replacers. Understanding the biochemical and biological behavior of these sugars is of importance in (novel) food formulations and prevention of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether rare sugars may positively affect intestinal and liver metabolism, as well as muscle insulin sensitivity, compared to conventional sugars. Rare disaccharide digestibility, hepatic metabolism of monosaccharides (respirometry) and the effects of sugars on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (impaired glucose uptake) were investigated in, respectively, Caco-2, HepG2 and L6 cells or a triple coculture model with these cells. Glucose and fructose, but not l-arabinose, acutely increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) responses in HepG2 cells and impaired glucose uptake in L6 cells following a 24 h exposure at 28 mM. Cellular bioenergetics and digestion experiments with Caco-2 cells indicate that especially trehalose (α1-1α), D-Glc-α1,2-D-Gal, D-Glc-α1,2-D-Rib and D-Glc-α1,3-L-Ara experience delayed digestion and reduced cellular impact compared to maltose (α1-4), without differences on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a short-term setup with a Caco-2/HepG2/L6 triple coculture. These results suggest a potential for l-arabinose and specific rare disaccharides to improve metabolic health; however, additional in vivo research with longer sugar exposures should confirm their beneficial impact on insulin sensitivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar van Laar
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Dietary Trehalose as a Bioactive Nutrient. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061393. [PMID: 36986123 PMCID: PMC10054017 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring, non-reducing disaccharide comprising two covalently-linked glucose molecules. It possesses unique physiochemical properties, which account for multiple biological roles in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In the past few decades, intensive research on trehalose has uncovered its functions, and extended its uses as a sweetener and stabilizer in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Further, increased dietary trehalose consumption has sparked research on how trehalose affects the gut microbiome. In addition to its role as a dietary sugar, trehalose has gained attention for its ability to modulate glucose homeostasis, and potentially as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. This review discusses the bioactive effects of dietary trehalose, highlighting its promise in future industrial and scientific contributions.
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25
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Tactics with Prebiotics for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease via the Improvement of Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065465. [PMID: 36982539 PMCID: PMC10049478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy/autophagy plays a protective role in various forms of liver damage, by renovating cellular metabolism linking to sustain liver homeostasis. A characterized pathway for mitophagy is the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent signaling pathway. In particular, PINK1-mediated mitophagy could play an indispensable role in improving the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) which could precede to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway might regulate the various characteristics of cellular homeostasis including energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and/or cell protection. Therefore, targeting mitophagy with the alteration of PI3K/AKT/mTOR or PINK1/Parkin-dependent signaling to eliminate impaired mitochondria might be an attractive strategy for the treatment of MAFLD. In particular, the efficacy of prebiotics for the treatment of MAFLD has been suggested to be useful via the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/AMPK pathway. Additionally, several edible phytochemicals could activate mitophagy for the improvement of mitochondrial damages, which could also be a promising option to treat MAFLD with providing liver protection. Here, the potential therapeutics with several phytochemicals has been discussed for the treatment of MAFLD. Tactics with a viewpoint of prospective probiotics might contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Tintelnot J, Xu Y, Lesker TR, Schönlein M, Konczalla L, Giannou AD, Pelczar P, Kylies D, Puelles VG, Bielecka AA, Peschka M, Cortesi F, Riecken K, Jung M, Amend L, Bröring TS, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Siveke JT, Renné T, Zhang D, Boeck S, Strowig T, Uzunoglu FG, Güngör C, Stein A, Izbicki JR, Bokemeyer C, Sinn M, Kimmelman AC, Huber S, Gagliani N. Microbiota-derived 3-IAA influences chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Nature 2023; 615:168-174. [PMID: 36813961 PMCID: PMC9977685 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to be the second most deadly cancer by 2040, owing to the high incidence of metastatic disease and limited responses to treatment1,2. Less than half of all patients respond to the primary treatment for PDAC, chemotherapy3,4, and genetic alterations alone cannot explain this5. Diet is an environmental factor that can influence the response to therapies, but its role in PDAC is unclear. Here, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic screening, we show that the microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA) is enriched in patients who respond to treatment. Faecal microbiota transplantation, short-term dietary manipulation of tryptophan and oral 3-IAA administration increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in humanized gnotobiotic mouse models of PDAC. Using a combination of loss- and gain-of-function experiments, we show that the efficacy of 3-IAA and chemotherapy is licensed by neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase. Myeloperoxidase oxidizes 3-IAA, which in combination with chemotherapy induces a downregulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degrading enzymes glutathione peroxidase 3 and glutathione peroxidase 7. All of this results in the accumulation of ROS and the downregulation of autophagy in cancer cells, which compromises their metabolic fitness and, ultimately, their proliferation. In humans, we observed a significant correlation between the levels of 3-IAA and the efficacy of therapy in two independent PDAC cohorts. In summary, we identify a microbiota-derived metabolite that has clinical implications in the treatment of PDAC, and provide a motivation for considering nutritional interventions during the treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tintelnot
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till R Lesker
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Schönlein
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Konczalla
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope Pelczar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Kylies
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agata A Bielecka
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuela Peschka
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jung
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Amend
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias S Bröring
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danmei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Faik G Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Stein
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hematology-Oncology Practice Hamburg (HOPE), University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Sinn
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany.
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Galbiati M, Meroni M, Boido M, Cescon M, Rusmini P, Crippa V, Cristofani R, Piccolella M, Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Cozzi M, Mina F, Cicardi ME, Pedretti S, Mitro N, Caretto A, Risè P, Sala A, Lieberman AP, Bonaldo P, Pennuto M, Vercelli A, Poletti A. Bicalutamide and Trehalose Ameliorate Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy Pathology in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:524-545. [PMID: 36717478 PMCID: PMC10121997 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is characterized by motor neuron (MN) degeneration that leads to slowly progressive muscle weakness. It is considered a neuromuscular disease since muscle has a primary role in disease onset and progression. SBMA is caused by a CAG triplet repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The translated poly-glutamine (polyQ) tract confers a toxic gain of function to the mutant AR altering its folding, causing its aggregation into intracellular inclusions, and impairing the autophagic flux. In an in vitro SBMA neuronal model, we previously showed that the antiandrogen bicalutamide and trehalose, a natural disaccharide stimulating autophagy, block ARpolyQ activation, reduce its nuclear translocation and toxicity and facilitate the autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic AR aggregates. Here, in a knock-in SBMA mouse model (KI AR113Q), we show that bicalutamide and trehalose ameliorated SBMA pathology. Bicalutamide reversed the formation of the AR insoluble forms in KI AR113Q muscle, preventing autophagic flux blockage. We demonstrated that apoptosis is activated in KI AR113Q muscle, and that both compounds prevented its activation. We detected a decrease of mtDNA and an increase of OXPHOS enzymes, already at early symptomatic stages; these alterations were reverted by trehalose. Overall, bicalutamide and/or trehalose led to a partial recovery of muscle morphology and function, and improved SBMA mouse motor behavior, inducing an extension of their survival. Thus, bicalutamide and trehalose, by counteracting ARpolyQ toxicity in skeletal muscle, are valuable candidates for future clinical trials in SBMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Meroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Weinberg ALS Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Caretto
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Higgins CB, Adams JA, Ward MH, Greenberg ZJ, Milewska M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Dong Q, Ballentine S, Li W, Wandzik I, Schuettpelz LG, DeBosch BJ. The tetraspanin transmembrane protein CD53 mediates dyslipidemia and integrates inflammatory and metabolic signaling in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102835. [PMID: 36581203 PMCID: PMC9900517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane signaling and proinflammatory proteins. Prior work demonstrates that the tetraspanin, CD53/TSPAN25/MOX44, mediates B-cell development and lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. However, CD53 is also expressed in highly metabolic tissues, including adipose and liver; yet its function outside the lymphoid compartment is not defined. Here, we show that CD53 demarcates the nutritional and inflammatory status of hepatocytes. High-fat exposure and inflammatory stimuli induced CD53 in vivo in liver and isolated primary hepatocytes. In contrast, restricting hepatocyte glucose flux through hepatocyte glucose transporter 8 deletion or through trehalose treatment blocked CD53 induction in fat- and fructose-exposed contexts. Furthermore, germline CD53 deletion in vivo blocked Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic inflammatory transcriptomic activation. Surprisingly, metabolic protection in CD53 KO mice was more pronounced in the presence of an inciting inflammatory event. CD53 deletion attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced and fatty acid + lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression and hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in isolated murine hepatocytes. In vivo, CD53 deletion in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diet-fed mice blocked peripheral adipose accumulation and adipose inflammation, insulin tolerance, and liver lipid accumulation. We then defined a stabilized and trehalase-resistant trehalose polymer that blocks hepatocyte CD53 expression in basal and over-fed contexts. The data suggest that CD53 integrates inflammatory and metabolic signals in response to hepatocyte nutritional status and that CD53 blockade may provide a means by which to attenuate pathophysiology in diseases that integrate overnutrition and inflammation, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew H Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zev J Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Does treatment with autophagy-enhancers and/or ROS-scavengers alleviate behavioral and neurochemical consequences of low-dose rotenone-induced mild mitochondrial dysfunction in mice? Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1667-1678. [PMID: 36690794 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar-disorder's pathophysiology and the mechanism by which medications exert their beneficial effect is yet unknown, but others' and our data implicate patients' brain mitochondrial-dysfunction and its amendment by mood-stabilizers. We recently designed a novel mouse bipolar-disorder-like model using chronic administration of a low-dose of the oxidative-phosphorylation complex I inhibitor, rotenone. Four and eight weeks rotenone treatment induced manic- and depressive-like behavior, respectively, accompanied by mood-related neurochemical changes. Here we aimed to investigate whether each of the autophagy-enhancers lithium (a mood-stabilizer), trehalose and resveratrol and/or each of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavengers, resveratrol and N-acetylcystein and/or the combinations lithium+resveratrol or trehalose+N-acetylcystein, can ameliorate behavioral and neurochemical consequences of neuronal mild mitochondrial-dysfunction. We observed that lithium, trehalose and N-acetylcystein reversed rotenone-induced manic-like behavior as well as deviations in protein levels of mitochondrial complexes and the autophagy marker LC3-II. This raises the possibility that mild mitochondrial-dysfunction accompanied by impaired autophagy and a very mild increase in ROS levels are related to predisposition to manic-like behavior. On the other hand, although, as expected, most of the drugs tested eliminated the eight weeks rotenone-induced increase in protein levels of all hippocampal mitochondrial complexes, only lithium ubiquitously ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors. We cautiously deduce that aberrant autophagy and/or elevated ROS levels are not involved in predisposition to the depressive phase of bipolar-like behavior. Rather, that amending the depressive-like characteristics requires different mitochondria-related interventions. The latter might be antagonizing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), thus protecting from disruption of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and its detrimental consequences. In conclusion, our findings suggest that by-and-large, among the autophagy-enhancers and ROS-scavengers tested, lithium is the most effective in counteracting rotenone-induced changes. Trehalose and N-acetylcystein may also be effective in attenuating manic-like behavior.
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Highly concentrated trehalose induces prohealing senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21. Commun Biol 2023; 6:13. [PMID: 36609486 PMCID: PMC9822918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is the nonreducing disaccharide of glucose, evolutionarily conserved in invertebrates. The living skin equivalent (LSE) is an organotypic coculture containing keratinocytes cultivated on fibroblast-populated dermal substitutes. We demonstrated that human primary fibroblasts treated with highly concentrated trehalose promote significantly extensive spread of the epidermal layer of LSE without any deleterious effects. The RNA-seq analysis of trehalose-treated 2D and 3D fibroblasts at early time points revealed the involvement of the CDKN1A pathway, the knockdown of which significantly suppressed the upregulation of DPT, ANGPT2, VEGFA, EREG, and FGF2. The trehalose-treated fibroblasts were positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Finally, transplantation of the dermal substitute with trehalose-treated fibroblasts accelerated wound closure and increased capillary formation significantly in the experimental mouse wounds in vivo, which was canceled by the CDKN1A knockdown. These data indicate that high-concentration trehalose can induce the senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21, which may be therapeutically useful for optimal wound repair.
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Sun G, Wase N, Shu S, Jenkins J, Zhou B, Torres-Rodríguez JV, Chen C, Sandor L, Plott C, Yoshinga Y, Daum C, Qi P, Barry K, Lipzen A, Berry L, Pedersen C, Gottilla T, Foltz A, Yu H, O'Malley R, Zhang C, Devos KM, Sigmon B, Yu B, Obata T, Schmutz J, Schnable JC. Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7731. [PMID: 36513676 PMCID: PMC9747981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stress to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a self-incompatible and multiply stress-tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum. Here, we describe the sequencing and pseudomolecule level assembly of a vegetatively propagated accession of P. vaginatum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6,151 single-copy syntenic orthologues conserved in 6 related grass species places paspalum as an outgroup of the maize-sorghum clade. In parallel metabolic experiments, paspalum, but neither maize nor sorghum, exhibits a significant increase in trehalose when grown under nutrient-deficit conditions. Inducing trehalose accumulation in maize, imitating the metabolic phenotype of paspalum, results in autophagy dependent increases in biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Sun
- Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Nishikant Wase
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Biomolecular Analysis Facility. School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Bangjun Zhou
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - J Vladimir Torres-Rodríguez
- Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Laura Sandor
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chris Plott
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinga
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peng Qi
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luke Berry
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Connor Pedersen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Thomas Gottilla
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ashley Foltz
- Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Huihui Yu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Ronan O'Malley
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Katrien M Devos
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Brandi Sigmon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, 94720, USA.
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
| | - James C Schnable
- Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Yoshikawa S, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Ikeda Y, Tsuji A, Matsuda S. Potential Diets to Improve Mitochondrial Activity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040117. [PMID: 36547203 PMCID: PMC9777491 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease, the pathogenesis of which is based on alternations in the mitochondria of motor neurons, causing their progressive death. A growing body of evidence shows that more efficient mitophagy could prevent and/or treat this disorder by suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitophagy has been considered one of the main mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Since ALS is characterized by enormous oxidative stress, several edible phytochemicals that can activate mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria could be considered a promising option to treat ALS by providing neuroprotection. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the mechanisms of mitophagy in ALS and to understand the effects and/or molecular mechanisms of phytochemical action, which could translate into a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS.
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Choi I, Heaton GR, Lee YK, Yue Z. Regulation of α-synuclein homeostasis and inflammasome activation by microglial autophagy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1298. [PMID: 36288297 PMCID: PMC9604594 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy clears protein aggregates, damaged cellular organelles, and pathogens through the lysosome. Although autophagy is highly conserved across all cell types, its activity in each cell is specifically adapted to carry out distinct physiological functions. The role of autophagy in neurons has been well characterized; however, in glial cells, its function remains largely unknown. Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that survey the brain to remove injured neurons, excessive synapses, protein aggregates, and infectious agents. Current studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional microglia contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease animal models, microglia play a critical role in regulating amyloid plaque formation and neurotoxicity. However, how microglia are involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood. Propagation of aggregated α-synuclein via cell-to-cell transmission and neuroinflammation have emerged as important mechanisms underlying neuropathologies in PD. Here, we review converging evidence that microglial autophagy maintains α-synuclein homeostasis, regulates neuroinflammation, and confers neuroprotection in PD experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George R. Heaton
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Natural Activators of Autophagy Increase Maximal Walking Distance and Reduce Oxidative Stress in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091836. [PMID: 36139910 PMCID: PMC9495993 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols have been shown to display pro-autophagic and antioxidant properties, eventually reducing cardiovascular and ischemic complications. This study aimed to investigate whether a mixture of these components improves maximal walking distance (MWD) in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients. Nitrite/nitrate (NOx), endothelin-1, sNOX2-dp, H2O2 production, H2O2 break-down activity (HBA), ATG5 and P62 levels, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and MWD were evaluated in 20 PAD patients randomly allocated to 10.5 g of mixture or no-treatment in a single-blind study. The above variables were assessed at baseline and 60 days after mixture ingestion. Compared with baseline, mixture intake significantly increased MWD (+91%; p < 0.01) and serum NOx (+96%; p < 0.001), whereas it significantly reduced endothelin-1 levels (−30%, p < 0.01). Moreover, mixture intake led to a remarkable reduction in sNOX2dp (−31%, p < 0.05) and H2O2 (−40%, p < 0.001) and potentiated antioxidant power (+110%, p < 0.001). Finally, mixture ingestion restored autophagy by increasing ATG5 (+43%, p < 0.01) and decreasing P62 (−29%, p < 0.05). No changes in the above-mentioned variables were observed in the no-treatment group. The treatment with a mixture of trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols improves MWD in PAD patients, with a mechanism possibly related to NOX2-mediated oxidative stress downregulation and autophagic flux upregulation. Clinical Trial Registration unique identifier: NCT04061070.
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Chen K, Liu JB, Tie CZ, Wang L. Trehalose prevents glyphosate-induced testicular damage in roosters via its antioxidative properties. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:314-322. [PMID: 36084373 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY), an active ingredient of the most commonly used herbicide, when in crops and feed, is deleterious to male reproductive health. Trehalose (Tre), a naturally non-reducing disaccharide, is shown to counteract the adverse stresses due to its antioxidation effect. Thus, this study was designed to investigate whether Tre can improve GLY-induced testicular damage via suppressing oxidative stress. 60 healthy Hy-Line Brown breeder roosters were utilized to assess the protective effects of Tre supplementation against testicular oxidative damage caused by GLY. Data showed that Tre administration significantly alleviated GLY- induced reduction in testis weight, decreased GLY level in the testis tissues, and alleviated GLY-caused testicular pathological damage. Concurrently, GLY treatment significantly elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and testicular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreased serum total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, which were all notably reversed by Tre administration. Moreover, GLY- inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in rooster testis, a master regulator of oxidative stress, was markedly recovered by Tre administration. In summary, these findings demonstrated that Tre can prevent GLY-induced testicular damage in roosters by ameliorating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City 250101, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Artificial Phage Drug, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City 250101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Tie
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Lu G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Huang C, He W, Wang C, Shen H. Autophagy in health and disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic target. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e150. [PMID: 35845350 PMCID: PMC9271889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionally conserved catabolic process in which cytosolic contents, such as aggregated proteins, dysfunctional organelle, or invading pathogens, are sequestered by the double-membrane structure termed autophagosome and delivered to lysosome for degradation. Over the past two decades, autophagy has been extensively studied, from the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, implications in various human diseases, to development of autophagy-related therapeutics. This review will focus on the latest development of autophagy research, covering molecular mechanisms in control of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and the upstream regulatory pathways including the AMPK and MTORC1 pathways. We will also provide a systematic discussion on the implication of autophagy in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), viral infection especially SARS-Cov-2 and COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases (cardiac ischemia/reperfusion and cardiomyopathy), and aging. Finally, we will also summarize the development of pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential for clinical applications via targeting the autophagy pathway. It is believed that decades of hard work on autophagy research is eventually to bring real and tangible benefits for improvement of human health and control of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of BiochemistryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn ResearchSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Han‐Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauMacauChina
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Lee J, Kim SJ, Choi GE, Yi E, Park HJ, Choi WS, Jang YJ, Kim HS. Sweet taste receptor agonists attenuate macrophage IL-1β expression and eosinophilic inflammation linked to autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1021. [PMID: 35988262 PMCID: PMC9393075 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic inflammation is a hallmark of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and considered a major therapeutic target. Autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells plays a causal role in eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) via macrophage IL-1β overproduction, thereby suggesting autophagy regulation as a potential therapeutic modality. Trehalose is a disaccharide sugar with known pro-autophagy activity and effective in alleviating diverse inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of autophagy-enhancing agent, trehalose, or related sugar compounds, and the underlying mechanism focusing on macrophage IL-1β production in ECRS pathogenesis. METHODS We investigated the therapeutic effects of trehalose and saccharin on macrophage IL-1β production and eosinophilia in the mouse model of ECRS with myeloid cell-specific autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) deletion. The mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using specific inhibitor, genetic knockdown or knockout, and overexpression of cognate receptors. RESULTS Unexpectedly, trehalose significantly attenuated eosinophilia and disease pathogenesis in ECRS mice caused by autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells. This autophagy-independent effect was associated with reduced macrophage IL-1β expression. Various sugars recapitulated the anti-inflammatory effect of trehalose, and saccharin was particularly effective amongst other sugars. The mechanistic study revealed an involvement of sweet taste receptor (STR), especially T1R3, in alleviating macrophage IL-1β production and eosinophilia in CRS, which was supported by genetic depletion of T1R3 or overexpression of T1R2/T1R3 in macrophages and treatment with the T1R3 antagonist gurmarin. CONCLUSION Our results revealed a previously unappreciated anti-inflammatory effect of STR agonists, particularly trehalose and saccharin, and may provide an alternative strategy to autophagy modulation in the ECRS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - So Jeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Go Eun Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Clinical Laboratory ScienceCatholic University of PusanBusanKorea
| | - Eunbi Yi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Woo Seon Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yong Ju Jang
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of MicrobiologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC)Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Pupyshev AB, Klyushnik TP, Akopyan AA, Singh SK, Tikhonova MA. Disaccharide Trehalose in Experimental Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Molecular Targets and Translational Potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106373. [PMID: 35907433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of autophagy is a prospective approach to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In the recent decade, trehalose attracted special attention. It is an autophagy inducer with negligible adverse effects and is approved for use in humans according to FDA requirements. Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases. This glucose disaccharide with a flexible α-1-1'-glycosidic bond has unique properties: induction of mTOR-independent autophagy (with kinase AMPK as the main target) and a chaperone-like effect on proteins imparting them natural spatial structure. Thus, it can reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic aberrant/misfolded proteins. Trehalose has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits detrimental oxidative stress partially owing to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense represented by the Nrf2 protein. The disaccharide activates lysosome and autophagosome biogenesis pathways through the protein factors TFEB and FOXO1. Here we review various mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of trehalose and touch on the possibility of pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge about specific features of trehalose pharmacodynamics is discussed. The neuroprotective effects of trehalose in animal models of major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are examined too. Attention is given to translational transition to clinical trials of this drug, especially oral and parenteral routes of administration. Besides, the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic benefit via a combination of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers is analyzed. In general, trehalose appears to be a promising multitarget tool for the inhibition of experimental neurodegeneration and requires thorough investigation of its clinical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Klyushnik
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse 34, Moscow 115522, Russia.
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Krishna Bhawan, 594 Kha/123, Shahinoor Colony, Nilmatha, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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Zhang Y, Chen Y. Roles of organelle-specific autophagy in hepatocytes in the development and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1673-1681. [PMID: 35950774 PMCID: PMC9509094 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder of lipid metabolism. The lipotoxic intermediates of lipid metabolism cause mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organelle-specific autophagy is responsible for the removal of dysfunctional organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Lipophagy contributes to lipid turnover by degrading lipid droplets. The level of autophagy changes during the course of NAFLD, and the activation of hepatocyte autophagy might represent a method of treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Fourth Department of Liver Disease (Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center), Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Fourth Department of Liver Disease (Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center), Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
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Trehalose-releasing nanogels: A step toward a trehalose delivery vehicle for autophagy stimulation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212969. [PMID: 35913246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose has been widely studied as a treatment for a variety of human disorders due to its ability to stimulate autophagy. Trehalose, however, is poorly adsorbed and is hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa, and oral delivery requires relatively high doses to induce autophagy. The parenteral injection of trehalose-releasing nanogels proposed in this study offers an alternative mode of delivery. This study aimed to develop stable colloidal dispersions of trehalose-rich nanogels that could sustainably release trehalose under physiologically relevant conditions. The nanogel design was based on the covalent incorporation of 6-O-acryloyl-trehalose within a polymer network. A series of nine trehalose-rich nanogels with highly conjugated trehalose (up to 59 % w/w) were synthesized and shown to sustainably release trehalose at a rate that is not dose dependent. The nanogels were optimized to keep colloidal stability in serum-enriched cell culture media. The stable nanogels were not cytotoxic to primary HUVECs. Two selected nanogels with opposite surface charges were subjected to extended in vitro characterization that included a cellular uptake study and a hemocompatibility assay. Both nanogels were efficiently taken up by HUVECs during a short incubation. They also proved not to be hemolytic to human RBCs in concentrations up to 2.0 mg/mL. Finally, an in vivo autophagy stimulation study employing transgenic zebrafish and Drosophila larvae demonstrated that prolonged exposure to a cationic trehalose-releasing nanogel can induce autophagic activity in in vivo systems without any detectable toxicity.
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Umeda-Miyara K, Miyara M, Sanoh S, Kotake Y. Trehalose decreases mRNA and protein expressions of c-Jun and JunB in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. J Biochem 2022; 172:177-187. [PMID: 35748379 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, ameliorates disease phenotypes by activating autophagy in animal models of various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple in vitro studies suggest that activation of transcription factor EB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy genes, is a major contributor to trehalose-induced autophagy at later stages of exposure. However, underlying causes of trehalose-induced autophagy possibly occur at the early stage of the exposure period. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-term exposure of HeLa cells to trehalose on several signal transduction pathways to elucidate the initial events involved in its beneficial effects. Phospho-protein array analysis revealed that trehalose decreases levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, a component of the transcription factor activator protein-1, after 6 h. Trehalose also rapidly reduced mRNA expression levels of c-Jun and JunB, a member of the Jun family, within 1 h, resulting in a subsequent decrease in their protein levels. Future studies, exploring the interplay between decreased c-Jun and JunB protein levels and beneficial effects of trehalose may provide novel insights into the mechanisms of trehalose action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Umeda-Miyara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Miyara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Wada SI, Arimura H, Nagayoshi M, Sawa R, Kubota Y, Matoba K, Hayashi C, Shibuya Y, Hatano M, Takehana Y, Ohba SI, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe T, Shibasaki M, Igarashi M. Rediscovery of 4-Trehalosamine as a Biologically Stable, Mass-Producible, and Chemically Modifiable Trehalose Analog. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101309. [PMID: 35297567 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonreducing disaccharide trehalose is used as a stabilizer and humectant in various products and is a potential medicinal drug, showing curative effects on the animal models of various diseases. However, its use is limited as it is hydrolyzed by trehalase, a widely expressed enzyme in multiple organisms. Several trehalose analogs are prepared, including a microbial metabolite 4-trehalosamine, and their high biological stability is confirmed. For further analysis, 4-trehalosamine is selected as it shows high producibility. Compared with trehalose, 4-trehalosamine exhibits better or comparable protective activities and a high buffer capacity around the neutral pH. Another advantage of 4-trehalosamine is its chemical modifiability: simple reactions produce its various derivatives. Labeled probes and detergents are synthesized in one-pot reactions to exemplify the feasibility of their production, and their utility is confirmed for their respective applications. The labeled probes are used for mycobacterial staining. Although the derivative detergents can be effectively used in membrane protein research, long-chain detergents show 1000-3000-fold stronger autophagy-inducing activity in cultured cells than trehalose and are expected to become a drug lead and research reagent. These results indicate that 4-trehalosamine is a useful trehalose substitute for various purposes and a material to produce new useful derivative substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Wada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Honami Arimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Miho Nagayoshi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matoba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Chigusa Hayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yuko Shibuya
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Hatano
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takehana
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
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Pupyshev AB, Belichenko VM, Tenditnik MV, Bashirzade AA, Dubrovina NI, Ovsyukova MV, Akopyan AA, Fedoseeva LA, Korolenko TA, Amstislavskaya TG, Tikhonova MA. Combined induction of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways of autophagy activation as an experimental therapy for Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in a mouse model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 217:173406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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HtrA2/Omi mitigates NAFLD in high-fat-fed mice by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and restoring autophagic flux. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:218. [PMID: 35449197 PMCID: PMC9023526 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver metabolic syndrome which affects millions of people worldwide. Recently, improving mitochondrial function and autophagic ability have been proposed as a means to prevent NAFLD. It has been previously described that high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi) favors mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in hepatocytes. Thus, we explored the effects of HtrA2/Omi on regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy during NAFLD development. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced hepatocytes steatosis in vitro were established. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in vivo and plasmid in vitro were used to restore HtrA2/Omi expression. In this study, we reported that HtrA2/Omi expression considerably decreased in liver tissues from the HFD-induced NAFLD model and in L02 cells with FFA-treated. However, restoring HtrA2/Omi ameliorated hepatic steatosis, confirming by improved serum lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, histopathological lipid accumulation, and the gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Moreover, HtrA2/Omi also attenuated HFD-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic blockage. TEM analysis revealed that liver mitochondrial structure and autophagosome formation were improved in hepatic HtrA2/Omi administration mice compared to HFD mice. And hepatic HtrA2/Omi overexpression enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation gene expression, elevated LC3II protein levels, induced LC3 puncta, and decreased SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. Furthermore, hepatic HtrA2/Omi increased respiratory exchange ratio and heat production in mice. Finally, HtrA2/Omi overexpression by plasmid significantly diminished lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagic inhibition in FFA-treated L02 hepatocytes. Taken together, we demonstrated that HtrA2/Omi was a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD via improving mitochondrial functions, as well as restoring autophagic flux.
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Frapporti G, Colombo E, Ahmed H, Assoni G, Polito L, Randazzo P, Arosio D, Seneci P, Piccoli G. Squalene-Based Nano-Assemblies Improve the Pro-Autophagic Activity of Trehalose. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040862. [PMID: 35456696 PMCID: PMC9032118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The disaccharide trehalose is a well-established autophagy inducer, but its therapeutic application is severely hampered by its low potency and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Thus, we targeted the rational design and synthesis of trehalose-based small molecules and nano objects to overcome such issues. Among several rationally designed trehalose-centered putative autophagy inducers, we coupled trehalose via suitable spacers with known self-assembly inducer squalene to yield two nanolipid-trehalose conjugates. Squalene is known for its propensity, once linked to a bioactive compound, to assemble in aqueous media in controlled conditions, internalizing its payload and forming nanoassemblies with better pharmacokinetics. We assembled squalene conjugates to produce the corresponding nanoassemblies, characterized by a hydrodynamic diameter of 188 and 184 nm and a high stability in aqueous media as demonstrated by the measured Z-potential. Moreover, the nanoassemblies were characterized for their toxicity and capability to induce autophagy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Frapporti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Via Sommarive 9, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Eleonora Colombo
- Chemistry Department, Università Statale di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (H.A.)
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Università Statale di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (H.A.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Assoni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Via Sommarive 9, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Università Statale di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (H.A.)
| | - Laura Polito
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via G. Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Chemistry Department, Università Statale di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Via Sommarive 9, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (G.P.)
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Cai L, Yoon JD, Hwang SU, Lee J, Kim E, Kim M, Hyun SY, Choi H, Oh D, Jeon Y, Hyun SH. Exploring the mechanism of trehalose: dual functions of PI3K/Akt and VPS34/mTOR pathways in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:432-445. [PMID: 35348612 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular recycling system, is essential for the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. Multiple studies, sought to reveal the precise mechanism employed, commonly used autophagy inducers, such as rapamycin, which is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. However, it has a limitation as mTOR plays various roles in cell growth and metabolism beyond autophagy. Trehalose has been reported as a novel mTOR-independent autophagy inducer in many cells. Furthermore, our previous study demonstrated that trehalose supplementation during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes improves the developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos possibly via autophagic activation, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to address this issue. In this study, we found that trehalose plays a role as an autophagy activator by autophagic flux assay and determined that it promotes PI3K/Akt inhibition and VPS34/mTOR activation by immunoblotting, both in cumulus cells (CCs) and oocytes. However, it is interesting to note that these effects caused by trehalose were worked totally varying between CCs and oocytes. In CCs, the autophagy was activated through the improvement of lysosomal function/autophagic clearance viability by upregulation of coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation genes via PI3K/Akt inhibition. Whereas in oocytes, autophagy was activated via VPS34 induction which directly influences autophagosome formation, and the precise meiotic process was ensured via Akt inhibition and mTOR activation. Taken together, this study provided evidence that trehalose could be used as an autophagy inductor during porcine oocyte maturation based on the revealed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ung Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Saang-Yoon Hyun
- College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubyeol Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Deneubourg C, Ramm M, Smith LJ, Baron O, Singh K, Byrne SC, Duchen MR, Gautel M, Eskelinen EL, Fanto M, Jungbluth H. The spectrum of neurodevelopmental, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders due to defective autophagy. Autophagy 2022; 18:496-517. [PMID: 34130600 PMCID: PMC9037555 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1943177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dysfunction of autophagy due to Mendelian defects affecting core components of the autophagy machinery or closely related proteins have recently emerged as an important cause of genetic disease. This novel group of human disorders may present throughout life and comprises severe early-onset neurodevelopmental and more common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Early-onset (or congenital) disorders of autophagy often share a recognizable "clinical signature," including variable combinations of neurological, neuromuscular and multisystem manifestations. Structural CNS abnormalities, cerebellar involvement, spasticity and peripheral nerve pathology are prominent neurological features, indicating a specific vulnerability of certain neuronal populations to autophagic disturbance. A typically biphasic disease course of late-onset neurodegeneration occurring on the background of a neurodevelopmental disorder further supports a role of autophagy in both neuronal development and maintenance. Additionally, an associated myopathy has been characterized in several conditions. The differential diagnosis comprises a wide range of other multisystem disorders, including mitochondrial, glycogen and lysosomal storage disorders, as well as ciliopathies, glycosylation and vesicular trafficking defects. The clinical overlap between the congenital disorders of autophagy and these conditions reflects the multiple roles of the proteins and/or emerging molecular connections between the pathways implicated and suggests an exciting area for future research. Therapy development for congenital disorders of autophagy is still in its infancy but may result in the identification of molecules that target autophagy more specifically than currently available compounds. The close connection with adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders highlights the relevance of research into rare early-onset neurodevelopmental conditions for much more common, age-related human diseases.Abbreviations: AC: anterior commissure; AD: Alzheimer disease; ALR: autophagic lysosomal reformation; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; ATG: autophagy related; BIN1: bridging integrator 1; BPAN: beta-propeller protein associated neurodegeneration; CC: corpus callosum; CHMP2B: charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CHS: Chediak-Higashi syndrome; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CMT: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; CNM: centronuclear myopathy; CNS: central nervous system; DNM2: dynamin 2; DPR: dipeptide repeat protein; DVL3: disheveled segment polarity protein 3; EPG5: ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex; FIG4: FIG4 phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; GBA: glucocerebrosidase; GD: Gaucher disease; GRN: progranulin; GSD: glycogen storage disorder; HC: hippocampal commissure; HD: Huntington disease; HOPS: homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex; HSPP: hereditary spastic paraparesis; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MEAX: X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy; mHTT: mutant huntingtin; MSS: Marinesco-Sjoegren syndrome; MTM1: myotubularin 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBIA: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; NCL: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; NPC1: Niemann-Pick disease type 1; PD: Parkinson disease; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RAB3GAP1: RAB3 GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit 1; RAB3GAP2: RAB3 GTPase activating non-catalytic protein subunit 2; RB1: RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1; RHEB: ras homolog, mTORC1 binding; SCAR20: SNX14-related ataxia; SENDA: static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood; SNX14: sorting nexin 14; SPG11: SPG11 vesicle trafficking associated, spatacsin; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TBC1D20: TBC1 domain family member 20; TECPR2: tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 2; TSC1: TSC complex subunit 1; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2; UBQLN2: ubiquilin 2; VCP: valosin-containing protein; VMA21: vacuolar ATPase assembly factor VMA21; WDFY3/ALFY: WD repeat and FYVE domain containing protein 3; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; WDR47: WD repeat domain 47; WMS: Warburg Micro syndrome; XLMTM: X-linked myotubular myopathy; ZFYVE26: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Deneubourg
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mauricio Ramm
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Luke J. Smith
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Baron
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kritarth Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan C. Byrne
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina’s Children Hospital, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael R. Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manolis Fanto
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King’s College London, London, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina’s Children Hospital, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Higgins CB, Mayer AL, Zhang Y, Franczyk M, Ballentine S, Yoshino J, DeBosch BJ. SIRT1 selectively exerts the metabolic protective effects of hepatocyte nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1074. [PMID: 35228549 PMCID: PMC8885655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction abates aging and cardiometabolic disease by activating metabolic signaling pathways, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis and salvage. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is rate-limiting in NAD+ salvage, yet hepatocyte NAMPT actions during fasting and metabolic duress remain unclear. We demonstrate that hepatocyte NAMPT is upregulated in fasting mice, and in isolated hepatocytes subjected to nutrient withdrawal. Mice lacking hepatocyte NAMPT exhibit defective FGF21 activation and thermal regulation during fasting, and are sensitized to diet-induced glucose intolerance. Hepatocyte NAMPT overexpression induced FGF21 and adipose browning, improved glucose homeostasis, and attenuated dyslipidemia in obese mice. Hepatocyte SIRT1 deletion reversed hepatocyte NAMPT effects on dark-cycle thermogenesis, and hepatic FGF21 expression, but SIRT1 was dispensable for NAMPT insulin-sensitizing, anti-dyslipidemic, and light-cycle thermogenic effects. Hepatocyte NAMPT thus conveys key aspects of the fasting response, which selectively dissociate through hepatocyte SIRT1. Modulating hepatocyte NAD+ is thus a potential mechanism through which to attenuate fasting-responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B. Higgins
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | | | - Yiming Zhang
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Michael Franczyk
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian J. DeBosch
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Biscaro RC, Mussi L, Sufi B, Padovani G, Camargo Junior FB, Magalhães WV, Di Stasi LC. Modulation of autophagy by an innovative phytocosmetic preparation (
Myrothamnus flabelifolia
and
Coffea arabica
) in human fibroblasts and its effects in a clinical randomized placebo‐controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4901-4912. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Biscaro
- Research and Development Department Chemyunion Química Ltda Sorocaba Brazil
| | - Lilian Mussi
- Research and Development Department Chemyunion Química Ltda Sorocaba Brazil
| | - Bianca Sufi
- Research and Development Department Chemyunion Química Ltda Sorocaba Brazil
| | - Giovana Padovani
- Research and Development Department Chemyunion Química Ltda Sorocaba Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz C. Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech) Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Botucatu Brazil
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50
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Park K, Lee MS. Current Status of Autophagy Enhancers in Metabolic Disorders and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:811701. [PMID: 35237600 PMCID: PMC8882819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.811701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is pivotal in the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient balance. Besides the role of autophagy in the homeostasis and physiology of the individual tissues and whole organism in vivo, dysregulated autophagy has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory or immunological disorders, cancer and aging. Search for autophagy modulators has been widely conducted to amend dysregulation of autophagy or pharmacologically modulate autophagy in those diseases. Current data support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload, human-type diabetes characterized by deposition of islet amyloid or other diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and cardiovascular diseases. While clinically available bona fide autophagy modulators have not been developed yet, it is expected that on-going investigation will lead to the development of authentic autophagy modulators that can be safely administered to patients in the near future and will open a new horizon for treatment of incurable or difficult diseases.
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