1
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Ben-Shoshan SD, Lolansen SD, Mathiesen TI, MacAulay N. CSF hypersecretion versus impaired CSF absorption in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3271-3287. [PMID: 37642688 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) remain elusive. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate existing literature on increased CSF secretion and impaired CSF absorption as pathogenic contributors to CSF accumulation in neonatal and adult PHH. METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published before March 11th, 2023, were identified from PubMed and reference lists. Studies were screened for eligibility using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from eligible studies were extracted and potential sources of bias were evaluated. RESULTS Nineteen studies quantified CSF production rates and/or CSF absorption capacity in human patients with PHH or animals with experimentally induced PHH. Increased CSF production was reported as early as 24 h and as late as 28 days post ictus in six out of eight studies quantifying CSF production rates in animals with experimentally induced PHH. Impaired CSF absorption was reported in all four studies quantifying CSF absorption capacity in human patients with PHH and in seven out of nine studies quantifying CSF absorption capacity in animals with experimentally induced PHH. Impaired CSF absorption was reported as early as 30 min and as late as 10 months post ictus. CONCLUSIONS The pathological CSF accumulation in PHH likely arises from a combination of increased CSF secretion and impaired CSF absorption, which may manifest at different time scales following a hemorrhagic event. Emergent evidence on increased CSF secretion by the choroid plexus may herald a paradigm shift in our understanding of PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai David Ben-Shoshan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiit Illimar Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Toft-Bertelsen TL, Andreassen SN, Rostgaard N, Olsen MH, Norager NH, Capion T, Juhler M, MacAulay N. Distinct Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipid Signature in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Hydrocephalus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2360. [PMID: 37760800 PMCID: PMC10525923 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may develop posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), which is treated with surgical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. This diversion is associated with risk of infection and shunt failure. Biomarkers for PHH etiology, CSF dynamics disturbances, and potentially subsequent shunt dependency are therefore in demand. With the recent demonstration of lipid-mediated CSF hypersecretion contributing to PHH, exploration of the CSF lipid signature in relation to brain pathology is of interest. Despite being a relatively new addition to the omic's landscape, lipidomics are increasingly recognized as a tool for biomarker identification, as they provide a comprehensive overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. We here employ an untargeted mass spectroscopy-based platform and reveal the complete lipid profile of cisternal CSF from healthy control subjects and demonstrate its bimodal fluctuation with age. Various classes of lipids, in addition to select individual lipids, were elevated in the ventricular CSF obtained from patients with SAH during placement of an external ventricular drain. The lipidomic signature of the CSF in the patients with SAH suggests dysregulation of the lipids in the CSF in this patient group. Our data thereby reveal possible biomarkers present in a brain pathology with a hemorrhagic event, some of which could be potential future biomarkers for hypersecretion contributing to ventriculomegaly and thus pharmacological targets for pathologies involving disturbed CSF dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Norge Andreassen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.T.-B.)
| | - Nina Rostgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas H. Norager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Capion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.T.-B.)
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3
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Sadegh C, Xu H, Sutin J, Fatou B, Gupta S, Pragana A, Taylor M, Kalugin PN, Zawadzki ME, Alturkistani O, Shipley FB, Dani N, Fame RM, Wurie Z, Talati P, Schleicher RL, Klein EM, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Moore CI, Lin PY, Patel AB, Warf BC, Kimberly WT, Steen H, Andermann ML, Lehtinen MK. Choroid plexus-targeted NKCC1 overexpression to treat post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Neuron 2023; 111:1591-1608.e4. [PMID: 36893755 PMCID: PMC10198810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) refers to a life-threatening accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that occurs following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). An incomplete understanding of this variably progressive condition has hampered the development of new therapies beyond serial neurosurgical interventions. Here, we show a key role for the bidirectional Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1, in the choroid plexus (ChP) to mitigate PHH. Mimicking IVH with intraventricular blood led to increased CSF [K+] and triggered cytosolic calcium activity in ChP epithelial cells, which was followed by NKCC1 activation. ChP-targeted adeno-associated viral (AAV)-NKCC1 prevented blood-induced ventriculomegaly and led to persistently increased CSF clearance capacity. These data demonstrate that intraventricular blood triggered a trans-choroidal, NKCC1-dependent CSF clearance mechanism. Inactive, phosphodeficient AAV-NKCC1-NT51 failed to mitigate ventriculomegaly. Excessive CSF [K+] fluctuations correlated with permanent shunting outcome in humans following hemorrhagic stroke, suggesting targeted gene therapy as a potential treatment to mitigate intracranial fluid accumulation following hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Sadegh
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Sutin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suhasini Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aja Pragana
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Milo Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter N Kalugin
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miriam E Zawadzki
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Osama Alturkistani
- Cellular Imaging Core, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederick B Shipley
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zainab Wurie
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pratik Talati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Riana L Schleicher
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric M Klein
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher I Moore
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin C Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W Taylor Kimberly
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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4
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Butler DF, Skibo J, Traudt CM, Millen KJ. Neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage disrupts multiple aspects of cerebellar development. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1161086. [PMID: 37187957 PMCID: PMC10175619 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1161086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, survival rates for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs; <28 weeks gestation) has markedly improved. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of ELGANs will suffer from neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) has been increasingly recognized in the ELGANs population and may contribute to neurologic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a novel model of early isolated posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in neonatal mice and investigated both acute and long-term effects. Following SAH on postnatal day 6 (P6), we found significant decreased levels of proliferation with the external granular layer (EGL), thinning of the EGL, decreased Purkinje cell (PC) density, and increased Bergmann glial (BG) fiber crossings at P8. At P42, CHI resulted in decreased PC density, decreased molecular layer interneuron (MLI) density, and increased BG fiber crossings. Results from both Rotarod and inverted screen assays did not demonstrate significant effects on motor strength or learning at P35-38. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen did not significantly alter our findings after CHI, suggesting that treatment of neuro-inflammation does not provide significant neuroprotection post CHI. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms through which CHI disrupts cerebellar developmental programming in order to develop therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in ELGANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Butler
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan Skibo
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, United States
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5
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Yanagida K, Shimizu T. Lysophosphatidic acid, a simple phospholipid with myriad functions. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108421. [PMID: 37080433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid consisting of a phosphate group, glycerol moiety, and only one hydrocarbon chain. Despite its simple chemical structure, LPA plays an important role as an essential bioactive signaling molecule via its specific six G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6. Recent studies, especially those using genetic tools, have revealed diverse physiological and pathological roles of LPA and LPA receptors in almost every organ system. Furthermore, many studies are illuminating detailed mechanisms to orchestrate multiple LPA receptor signaling pathways and to facilitate their coordinated function. Importantly, these extensive "bench" works are now translated into the "bedside" as exemplified by approaches targeting LPA1 signaling to combat fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of LPA signaling and their implications for clinical application by focusing on findings revealed by in vivo studies utilizing genetic tools targeting LPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Duy PQ, Rakic P, Alper SL, Robert SM, Kundishora AJ, Butler WE, Walsh CA, Sestan N, Geschwind DH, Jin SC, Kahle KT. A neural stem cell paradigm of pediatric hydrocephalus. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4262-4279. [PMID: 36097331 PMCID: PMC10110448 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric hydrocephalus, the leading reason for brain surgery in children, is characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricles classically attributed to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overaccumulation. Neurosurgical shunting to reduce CSF volume is the default treatment that intends to reinstate normal CSF homeostasis, yet neurodevelopmental disability often persists in hydrocephalic children despite optimal surgical management. Here, we discuss recent human genetic and animal model studies that are shifting the view of pediatric hydrocephalus from an impaired fluid plumbing model to a new paradigm of dysregulated neural stem cell (NSC) fate. NSCs are neuroprogenitor cells that comprise the germinal neuroepithelium lining the prenatal brain ventricles. We propose that heterogenous defects in the development of these cells converge to disrupt cerebrocortical morphogenesis, leading to abnormal brain-CSF biomechanical interactions that facilitate passive pooling of CSF and secondary ventricular distention. A significant subset of pediatric hydrocephalus may thus in fact be due to a developmental brain malformation leading to secondary enlargement of the ventricles rather than a primary defect of CSF circulation. If hydrocephalus is indeed a neuroradiographic presentation of an inborn brain defect, it suggests the need to focus on optimizing neurodevelopment, rather than CSF diversion, as the primary treatment strategy for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephanie M Robert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pediatrics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Center for Hydrocephalus and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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7
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Butler DF, Skibo J, Traudt CM, Millen KJ. Neonatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Disrupts Multiple Aspects of Cerebellar Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528048. [PMID: 36798230 PMCID: PMC9934646 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, survival rates for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs; <28 weeks gestation) has markedly improved. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of ELGANs will suffer from neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) has been increasingly recognized in the ELGANs population and may contribute to neurologic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a novel model of early isolated posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in neonatal mice and investigated both acute and long-term effects. Following SAH on postnatal day 6 (P6), we found significant decreased levels of proliferation with the external granular layer (EGL), thinning of the EGL, decreased Purkinje cell (PC) density, and increased Bergmann glial (BG) fiber crossings at P8. At P42, CHI resulted in decreased PC density, decreased molecular layer interneuron (MLI) density, and increased BG fiber crossings. Results from both Rotarod and inverted screen assays did not demonstrate significant effects on motor strength or learning at P35-38. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen did not significantly alter our findings after CHI, suggesting that treatment of neuro-inflammation does not provide significant neuroprotection post CHI. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms through which CHI disrupts cerebellar developmental programming in order to develop therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in ELGANs.
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8
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Karimy JK, Newville JC, Sadegh C, Morris JA, Monuki ES, Limbrick DD, McAllister Ii JP, Koschnitzky JE, Lehtinen MK, Jantzie LL. Outcomes of the 2019 hydrocephalus association workshop, "Driving common pathways: extending insights from posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus". Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36639792 PMCID: PMC9838022 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hydrocephalus Association (HA) workshop, Driving Common Pathways: Extending Insights from Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus, was held on November 4 and 5, 2019 at Washington University in St. Louis. The workshop brought together a diverse group of basic, translational, and clinical scientists conducting research on multiple hydrocephalus etiologies with select outside researchers. The main goals of the workshop were to explore areas of potential overlap between hydrocephalus etiologies and identify drug targets that could positively impact various forms of hydrocephalus. This report details the major themes of the workshop and the research presented on three cell types that are targets for new hydrocephalus interventions: choroid plexus epithelial cells, ventricular ependymal cells, and immune cells (macrophages and microglia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Karimy
- Department of Family Medicine, Mountain Area Health Education Center - Boone, North Carolina, 28607, USA
| | - Jessie C Newville
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Cameron Sadegh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jill A Morris
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neuroscience Center, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Blvd, NSC Rm 2112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - James P McAllister Ii
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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9
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Zhang D, Decker AM, Woodhouse K, Snyder R, Patel P, Harris DL, Tao YX, Li JX, Zhang Y. Isoquinolone derivatives as lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPA5) antagonists: Investigation of structure-activity relationships, ADME properties and analgesic effects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114741. [PMID: 36126387 PMCID: PMC10155261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPA5) by a recently reported antagonist AS2717638 (2) attenuated inflammatory and neuropathic pains, although it showed moderate in vivo efficacy and its structure-activity relationships and the ADME properties are little studied. We therefore designed and synthesized a series of isoquinolone derivatives and evaluated their potency in LPA5 calcium mobilization and cAMP assays. Our results show that substituted phenyl groups or bicyclic aromatic rings such as benzothiophenes or benzofurans are tolerated at the 2-position, 4-substituted piperidines are favored at the 4-position, and methoxy groups at the 6- and 7-positions are essential for activity. Compounds 65 and 66 showed comparable in vitro potency, excellent selectivity against LPA1-LPA4 and >50 other GPCRs, moderate metabolic stability, and high aqueous solubility and brain permeability. Both 65 and 66 significantly attenuated nociceptive hypersensitivity at lower doses than 2 and had longer-lasting effects in an inflammatory pain model, and 66 also dose-dependently reduced mechanical allodynia in the chronic constriction injury model and opioid-induced hyperalgesia at doses that had no effect on the locomotion in rats. These results suggest that these isoquinolone derivatives as LPA5 antagonists are of promise as potential analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kristen Woodhouse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Rodney Snyder
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Purvi Patel
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Danni L Harris
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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10
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Toft-Bertelsen TL, Barbuskaite D, Heerfordt EK, Lolansen SD, Andreassen SN, Rostgaard N, Olsen MH, Norager NH, Capion T, Rath MF, Juhler M, MacAulay N. Lysophosphatidic acid as a CSF lipid in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus that drives CSF accumulation via TRPV4-induced hyperactivation of NKCC1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:69. [PMID: 36068581 PMCID: PMC9450297 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A range of neurological pathologies may lead to secondary hydrocephalus. Treatment has largely been limited to surgical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, as specific and efficient pharmacological options are lacking, partly due to the elusive molecular nature of the CSF secretion apparatus and its regulatory properties in physiology and pathophysiology. Methods CSF obtained from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and rats with experimentally inflicted intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was analyzed for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by alpha-LISA. We employed the in vivo rat model to determine the effect of LPA on ventricular size and brain water content, and to reveal the effect of activation and inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel on intracranial pressure and CSF secretion rate. LPA-mediated modulation of TRPV4 was determined with electrophysiology and an ex vivo radio-isotope assay was employed to determine the effect of these modulators on choroid plexus transport. Results Elevated levels of LPA were observed in CSF obtained from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and from rats with experimentally-inflicted intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Intraventricular administration of LPA caused elevated brain water content and ventriculomegaly in experimental rats, via its action as an agonist of the choroidal transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel. TRPV4 was revealed as a novel regulator of ICP in experimental rats via its ability to modulate the CSF secretion rate through its direct activation of the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) implicated in CSF secretion. Conclusions Together, our data reveal that a serum lipid present in brain pathologies with hemorrhagic events promotes CSF hypersecretion and ensuing brain water accumulation via its direct action on TRPV4 and its downstream regulation of NKCC1. TRPV4 may therefore be a promising future pharmacological target for pathologies involving brain water accumulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine L Toft-Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagne Barbuskaite
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Kjer Heerfordt
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Norge Andreassen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rostgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas H Norager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Capion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fredensborg Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Hochstetler A, Raskin J, Blazer-Yost BL. Hydrocephalus: historical analysis and considerations for treatment. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:168. [PMID: 36050779 PMCID: PMC9434947 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a serious condition that affects patients of all ages, resulting from a multitude of causes. While the etiologies of hydrocephalus are numerous, many of the acute and chronic symptoms of the condition are shared. These symptoms include disorientation and pain (headaches), cognitive and developmental changes, vision and sleep disturbances, and gait abnormalities. This collective group of symptoms combined with the effectiveness of CSF diversion as a surgical intervention for many types of the condition suggest that the various etiologies may share common cellular and molecular dysfunctions. The incidence rate of pediatric hydrocephalus is approximately 0.1–0.6% of live births, making it as common as Down syndrome in infants. Diagnosis and treatment of various forms of adult hydrocephalus remain understudied and underreported. Surgical interventions to treat hydrocephalus, though lifesaving, have a high incidence of failure. Previously tested pharmacotherapies for the treatment of hydrocephalus have resulted in net zero or negative outcomes for patients potentially due to the lack of understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of hydrocephalus. Very few well-validated drug targets have been proposed for therapy; most of these have been within the last 5 years. Within the last 50 years, there have been only incremental improvements in surgical treatments for hydrocephalus, and there has been little progress made towards prevention or cure. This demonstrates the need to develop nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of hydrocephalus regardless of etiology. The development of new treatment paradigms relies heavily on investment in researching the common molecular mechanisms that contribute to all of the forms of hydrocephalus, and requires the concerted support of patient advocacy organizations, government- and private-funded research, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, the medical device industry, and the vast network of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hochstetler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Raskin
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bonnie L Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) remains a vexing problem for patients, their families, and the healthcare system. The complexity of the pathogenesis of PHHP also presents a unique challenge within the fields of neonatology, neurology and neurosurgery. Here we focus on pathogenesis of PHHP and its impact on the development of CSF dynamics including choroid plexus, ependymal motile cilia and glymphatic system. PHHP is contrasted with infantile hydrocephalus from other etiologies, and with other types of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus that occur later in life. The important concept that distinguishing ventricular volume from brain health and function is highlighted. The influence of the pathogenesis of PHHP on current interventions is reviewed, with particular emphasis on how the unique pathogenesis of PHHP contributes to the high rate of failure of current existing interventions. Finally, we discuss emerging interventions. A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of PHHP is essential to developing effective non-surgical therapeutics to prevent the transformation from severe IVH to PHHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenandoah Robinson
- Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery, John's Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, United States.
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery, John's Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, United States; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Maryland, United States
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Mo Y, Wang C, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. The LPA-CDK5-tau pathway mediates neuronal injury in an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion insult. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:166. [PMID: 35501719 PMCID: PMC9059403 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a common glycerol phospholipid and an important extracellular signaling molecule. LPA binds to its receptors and mediates a variety of biological effects, including the pathophysiological process underlying ischemic brain damage and traumatic brain injury. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the pathological role of LPA are not clear. Here, we found that LPA activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). CDK5 phosphorylates tau, which leads to neuronal cell death. Inhibition of LPA production or blocking its receptors reduced the abnormal activation of CDK5 and phosphorylation of tau, thus reversing the death of neurons. Our data indicate that the LPA-CDK5-Tau pathway plays an important role in the pathophysiological process after ischemic stroke. Inhibiting the LPA pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for treating ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanhong Mo
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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14
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Abstract
Lysophospholipids, exemplified by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are produced by the metabolism and perturbation of biological membranes. Both molecules are established extracellular lipid mediators that signal via specific G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates. This widespread signaling axis regulates the development, physiological functions, and pathological processes of all organ systems. Indeed, recent research into LPA and S1P has revealed their important roles in cellular stress signaling, inflammation, resolution, and host defense responses. In this review, we focus on how LPA regulates fibrosis, neuropathic pain, abnormal angiogenesis, endometriosis, and disorders of neuroectodermal development such as hydrocephalus and alopecia. In addition, we discuss how S1P controls collective behavior, apoptotic cell clearance, and immunosurveillance of cancers. Advances in lysophospholipid research have led to new therapeutics in autoimmune diseases, with many more in earlier stages of development for a wide variety of diseases, such as fibrotic disorders, vascular diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Rivera R, Williams NA, Kennedy GG, Sánchez-Pavón P, Chun J. Generation of an Lpar1-EGFP Fusion Knock-in Transgenic Mouse Line. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:619-627. [PMID: 34652685 PMCID: PMC8551097 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that acts as an extracellular signal through the activation of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There are six known LPA receptors (LPA1-6). The first such receptor, LPA1, was identified in the embryonic brain and has been studied extensively for gene expression throughout the body, including through studies of receptor-null mice. However, identifying receptor protein expression in situ and in vivo within living cells and tissues has been difficult because of biologically low receptor expression and variable antibody specificity. To visualize native LPA1 receptor expression in situ, we generated a knock-in mouse produced by homologous recombination in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells to replace a wildtype Lpar1 allele with a mutant allele created by in-frame fusion of EGFP to the 4th exon of Lpar1 (Lpar1-EGFP knock-in allele). Homozygous knock-in mice appeared normal and the expected mendelian ratios of knock-in allele transmission were present in females and males. Histological assessments of the fetal and adult central nervous system (CNS) demonstrated expression patterns that were consistent with prior in situ hybridization studies. This new mouse line will be useful for studies of LPA1 in the developing and adult CNS, as well as other tissues, and for receptor assessments in living tissues and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rivera
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nyssa A Williams
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grace G Kennedy
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Pavón
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Joshi L, Plastira I, Bernhart E, Reicher H, Triebl A, Köfeler HC, Sattler W. Inhibition of Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 5 Attenuates Neuroinflammation in LPS-Activated BV-2 Microglia and a Mouse Endotoxemia Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168519. [PMID: 34445223 PMCID: PMC8395174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation triggers a neuroinflammatory response that involves sustained microglia activation. This response has deleterious consequences on memory and learning capability in experimental animal models and in patients. However, the mechanisms connecting systemic inflammation and microglia activation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the autotaxin (ATX)/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)/LPA-receptor axis as a potential pharmacological target to modulate the LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory response in vitro (the murine BV-2 microglia cell line) and in vivo (C57BL/6J mice receiving a single i.p. LPS injection). In LPS-stimulated (20 ng/mL) BV-2 cells, we observed increased phosphorylation of transcription factors (STAT1, p65, and c-Jun) that are known to induce a proinflammatory microglia phenotype. LPS upregulated ATX, TLR4, and COX2 expression, amplified NO production, increased neurotoxicity of microglia conditioned medium, and augmented cyto-/chemokine concentrations in the cellular supernatants. PF8380 (a type I ATX inhibitor, used at 10 and 1 µM) and AS2717638 (an LPA5 antagonist, used at 1 and 0.1 µM) attenuated these proinflammatory responses, at non-toxic concentrations, in BV-2 cells. In vivo, we demonstrate accumulation of PF8380 in the mouse brain and an accompanying decrease in LPA concentrations. In vivo, co-injection of LPS (5 mg/kg body weight) and PF8380 (30 mg/kg body weight), or LPS/AS2717638 (10 mg/kg body weight), significantly attenuated LPS-induced iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL2 mRNA expression in the mouse brain. On the protein level, PF8380 and AS2717638 significantly reduced TLR4, Iba1, GFAP and COX2 expression, as compared to LPS-only injected animals. In terms of the communication between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, both inhibitors significantly attenuated LPS-mediated systemic TNFα and IL-6 synthesis, while IL-1β was only reduced by PF8380. Inhibition of ATX and LPA5 may thus provide an opportunity to protect the brain from the toxic effects that are provoked by systemic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Joshi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Helga Reicher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.T.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Harald C. Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.T.); (H.C.K.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-71950
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17
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Omori W, Kano K, Hattori K, Kajitani N, Okada-Tsuchioka M, Boku S, Kunugi H, Aoki J, Takebayashi M. Reduced Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Lysophosphatidic Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:948-955. [PMID: 34214158 PMCID: PMC8653873 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is involved in numerous biological processes, including neurodevelopment, chronic inflammation, and immunologic response in the central nervous system. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that produces LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Previous studies have demonstrated decreased protein levels of ATX in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Based on those studies, the current study investigated the levels of lysophospholipids species including LPA and related metabolic enzymes, in CSF of patients with MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ). METHODS The levels of lysophospholipids species and related metabolic enzymes were measured with either liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Japanese patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR. CSF was obtained from age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 27) and patients with MDD (n = 26) and SCZ (n = 27). RESULTS Of all lysophospholipids species, the levels of LPA 22:6 (LPA - docosahexaenoic acid) were significantly lower in patients with MDD and SCZ than in healthy controls. These levels were negatively correlated with several clinical symptomatic scores of MDD, but not those of SCZ. In addition, the levels of LPA 22:6 were significantly correlated with the levels of LPC 22:6 among all 3 groups. On the other hand, the levels of LPA 22:6 were not correlated with ATX activity in patients with MDD and SCZ. CONCLUSION The lower levels of LPA 22:6 in patients with MDD and SCZ suggest an abnormality of LPA 22:6 metabolism. In addition, several depressive symptoms in patients with MDD were significantly associated with the lower levels of LPA 22:6, suggesting an involvement of LPA 22:6 in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Omori
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kajitani
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mami Okada-Tsuchioka
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan,Correspondence: Minoru Takebayashi, MD, PhD, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860–8556, Japan ()
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18
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Tamaki T, Kagawa N, Fukushima N. The Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) expresses functional lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:1-7. [PMID: 34166971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling plays diverse roles in the development of various vertebrates such as mammals and fish. The lamprey is a fish that retains ancestral features of vertebrates, but information regarding lamprey LPA receptor genes is limited. Here, using information from the lamprey genome database, we cloned two LPA receptor genes, Lpar1 and Lpar5, from the Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum). Lamprey Lpar1 had a high amino acid identity to mouse and medaka fish Lpar1, whereas Lpar5 amino acid sequences were more diverse between species. Our functional analyses using a heterologous expression system demonstrated that Lpar1 and Lpar5 responded to LPA treatment with G12/13-associated cellular responses, which are indicative of cytoskeletal actions. The existence of functional LPA receptors in the Japanese lamprey suggests that LPA receptor-dependent signals contribute to lamprey growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Tamaki
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Division of Animal Genetics, Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan.
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19
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Tigyi G, Lin KH, Jang IH, Lee SC. Revisiting the role of lysophosphatidic acid in stem cell biology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1802-1809. [PMID: 34038224 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211019283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells possess unique biological characteristics such as the ability to self-renew and to undergo multilineage differentiation into specialized cells. Whereas embryonic stem cells (ESC) can differentiate into all cell types of the body, somatic stem cells (SSC) are a population of stem cells located in distinct niches throughout the body that differentiate into the specific cell types of the tissue in which they reside in. SSC function mainly to restore cells as part of normal tissue homeostasis or to replenish cells that are damaged due to injury. Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are said to be analogous to SSC in this manner where tumor growth and progression as well as metastasis are fueled by a small population of CSC that reside within the corresponding tumor. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that CSC are inherently resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy that are often the cause of cancer relapse. Hence, major research efforts have been directed at identifying CSC populations in different cancer types and understanding their biology. Many factors are thought to regulate and maintain cell stemness, including bioactive lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In this review, we discuss some of the newly discovered functions of LPA not only in the regulation of CSC but also normal SSC, the similarities in these regulatory functions, and how these discoveries can pave way to the development of novel therapies in cancer and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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20
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Hale AT, Bastarache L, Morales DM, Wellons JC, Limbrick DD, Gamazon ER. Multi-omic analysis elucidates the genetic basis of hydrocephalus. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109085. [PMID: 33951428 PMCID: PMC8124085 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted PrediXcan analysis of hydrocephalus risk in ten neurological tissues and whole blood. Decreased expression of MAEL in the brain was significantly associated (Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.05) with hydrocephalus. PrediXcan analysis of brain imaging and genomics data in the independent UK Biobank (N = 8,428) revealed that MAEL expression in the frontal cortex is associated with white matter and total brain volumes. Among the top differentially expressed genes in brain, we observed a significant enrichment for gene-level associations with these structural phenotypes, suggesting an effect on disease risk through regulation of brain structure and integrity. We found additional support for these genes through analysis of the choroid plexus transcriptome of a murine model of hydrocephalus. Finally, differential protein expression analysis in patient cerebrospinal fluid recapitulated disease-associated expression changes in neurological tissues, but not in whole blood. Our findings provide convergent evidence highlighting the importance of tissue-specific pathways and mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus. Hale et al. present an integrated omics approach to characterize the genetic basis of hydrocephalus. They reveal tissue-specific genetic associations and enrichment of genes associated with human brain structure phenotypes. Validation of hydrocephalus-associated genes in mouse choroid plexus and human cerebrospinal fluid supports polygenic contributions to hydrocephalus risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hale
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Bioinformatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Diego M Morales
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Wellons
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK.
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21
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White matter injury in infants with intraventricular haemorrhage: mechanisms and therapies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:199-214. [PMID: 33504979 PMCID: PMC8880688 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) continues to be a major complication of prematurity that can result in cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in survivors. No optimal therapy exists to prevent IVH or to treat its consequences. IVH varies in severity and can present as a bleed confined to the germinal matrix, small-to-large IVH or periventricular haemorrhagic infarction. Moderate-to-severe haemorrhage dilates the ventricle and damages the periventricular white matter. This white matter injury results from a constellation of blood-induced pathological reactions, including oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammation, perturbed signalling pathways and remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Potential therapies for IVH are currently undergoing investigation in preclinical models and evidence from clinical trials suggests that stem cell treatment and/or endoscopic removal of clots from the cerebral ventricles could transform the outcome of infants with IVH. This Review presents an integrated view of new insights into the mechanisms underlying white matter injury in premature infants with IVH and highlights the importance of early detection of disability and immediate intervention in optimizing the outcomes of IVH survivors.
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22
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Joshi L, Plastira I, Bernhart E, Reicher H, Koyani CN, Madl T, Madreiter-Sokolowski C, Koshenov Z, Graier WF, Hallström S, Sattler W. Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Aerobic Glycolysis, Lipogenesis, and Increased Amino Acid Uptake in BV-2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041968. [PMID: 33671212 PMCID: PMC7923140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species are a family of bioactive lipids that transmit signals via six cognate G protein-coupled receptors, which are required for brain development and function of the nervous system. LPA affects the function of all cell types in the brain and can display beneficial or detrimental effects on microglia function. During earlier studies we reported that LPA treatment of microglia induces polarization towards a neurotoxic phenotype. In the present study we investigated whether these alterations are accompanied by the induction of a specific immunometabolic phenotype in LPA-treated BV-2 microglia. In response to LPA (1 µM) we observed slightly decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased lactate secretion and reduced ATP/ADP ratios indicating a switch towards aerobic glycolysis. Pathway analyses demonstrated induction of the Akt-mTOR-Hif1α axis under normoxic conditions. LPA treatment resulted in dephosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase, de-repression of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase and increased fatty acid content in the phospholipid and triacylglycerol fraction of BV-2 microglia lipid extracts, indicating de novo lipogenesis. LPA led to increased intracellular amino acid content at one or more time points. Finally, we observed LPA-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), upregulated protein expression of the Nrf2 target regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase and increased glutathione synthesis. Our observations suggest that LPA, as a bioactive lipid, induces subtle alterations of the immunometabolic program in BV-2 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Joshi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Helga Reicher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Chintan N. Koyani
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Corina Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-71950
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23
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McDonald WS, Miyamoto K, Rivera R, Kennedy G, Almeida BSV, Kingsbury MA, Chun J. Altered cleavage plane orientation with increased genomic aneuploidy produced by receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in mouse cerebral cortical neural progenitor cells. Mol Brain 2020; 13:169. [PMID: 33317583 PMCID: PMC7734743 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is composed of cells having distinct genomic DNA sequences that arise post-zygotically, known as somatic genomic mosaicism (SGM). One form of SGM is aneuploidy-the gain and/or loss of chromosomes-which is associated with mitotic spindle defects. The mitotic spindle orientation determines cleavage plane positioning and, therefore, neural progenitor cell (NPC) fate during cerebral cortical development. Here we report receptor-mediated signaling by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a novel extracellular signal that influences cleavage plane orientation and produces alterations in SGM by inducing aneuploidy during murine cortical neurogenesis. LPA is a bioactive lipid whose actions are mediated by six G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-LPA6. RNAscope and qPCR assessment of all six LPA receptor genes, and exogenous LPA exposure in LPA receptor (Lpar)-null mice, revealed involvement of Lpar1 and Lpar2 in the orientation of the mitotic spindle. Lpar1 signaling increased non-vertical cleavage in vivo by disrupting cell-cell adhesion, leading to breakdown of the ependymal cell layer. In addition, genomic alterations were significantly increased after LPA exposure, through production of chromosomal aneuploidy in NPCs. These results identify LPA as a receptor-mediated signal that alters both NPC fate and genomes during cortical neurogenesis, thus representing an extracellular signaling mechanism that can produce stable genomic changes in NPCs and their progeny. Normal LPA signaling in early life could therefore influence both the developing and adult brain, whereas its pathological disruption could contribute to a range of neurological and psychiatric diseases, via long-lasting somatic genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S McDonald
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kyoko Miyamoto
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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24
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Harkins D, Cooper HM, Piper M. The role of lipids in ependymal development and the modulation of adult neural stem cell function during aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:61-68. [PMID: 32771376 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the adult mammalian central nervous system, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles houses neural stem cells (NSCs) that continue to produce neurons throughout life. Developmentally, the V-SVZ neurogenic niche arises during corticogenesis following the terminal differentiation of telencephalic radial glial cells (RGCs) into either adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) or ependymal cells. In mice, these two cellular populations form rosettes during the late embryonic and early postnatal period, with ependymal cells surrounding aNSCs. These aNSCs and ependymal cells serve a number of key purposes, including the generation of neurons throughout life (aNSCs), and acting as a barrier between the CSF and the parenchyma and promoting CSF bulk flow (ependymal cells). Interestingly, the development of this neurogenic niche, as well as its ongoing function, has been shown to be reliant on different aspects of lipid biology. In this review we discuss the developmental origins of the rodent V-SVZ neurogenic niche, and highlight research which has implicated a role for lipids in the physiology of this part of the brain. We also discuss the role of lipids in the maintenance of the V-SVZ niche, and discuss new research which has suggested that alterations to lipid biology could contribute to ependymal cell dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyon Harkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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25
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Rivera RR, Lin M, Bornhop EC, Chun J. Conditional Lpar1 gene targeting identifies cell types mediating neuropathic pain. FASEB J 2020; 34:8833-8842. [PMID: 32929779 PMCID: PMC7383719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000317r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
LPA1 is one of six known receptors (LPA1-6) for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Constitutive Lpar1 null mutant mice have been instrumental in identifying roles for LPA-LPA1 signaling in neurobiological processes, brain development, and behavior, as well as modeling human neurological diseases like neuropathic pain. Constitutive Lpar1 null mutant mice are protected from partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)-induced neuropathic pain, however, the cell types that are functionally responsible for mediating this protective effect are unknown. Here, we report the generation of an Lpar1flox/flox conditional null mutant mouse that allows for cre-mediated conditional deletion, combined with a PSNL pain model. Lpar1flox/flox mice were crossed with cre transgenic lines driven by neural gene promoters for nestin (all neural cells), synapsin (neurons), or P0 (Schwann cells). CD11b-cre transgenic mice were also used to delete Lpar1 in microglia. PSNL-initiated pain responses were reduced following cre-mediated Lpar1 deletion with all three neural promoters as well as the CD11b promoter, supporting involvement of Schwann cells, central and/or peripheral neurons, and microglia in mediating pain. Interestingly, rescue responses were nonidentical, implicating distinct roles for Lpar1-expressing cell types. Our results with a new Lpar1 conditional mouse mutant expand an understanding of LPA1 signaling in the PSNL model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Rivera
- Degenerative Disease ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Mu‐En Lin
- Molecular Biology Department, Dorris Neuroscience CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
RevMAb BiosciencesSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Emily C. Bornhop
- Degenerative Disease ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Degenerative Disease ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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26
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 5 Plays a Pathogenic Role in Brain Damage after Focal Cerebral Ischemia by Modulating Neuroinflammatory Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061446. [PMID: 32532027 PMCID: PMC7348986 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling has come to be considered an important event for various diseases. In cerebral ischemia, LPA1 has recently been identified as a receptor subtype that mediates brain injury, but the roles of other LPA receptor subtypes remain unknown. Here, we investigated the potential role of LPA5 as a novel pathogenic factor for cerebral ischemia using a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). LPA5 was upregulated in the ischemic core region after tMCAO challenge, particularly in activated microglia. When TCLPA5, a selective LPA5 antagonist, was given to tMCAO-challenged mice immediately after reperfusion, brain damage, including brain infarction, functional neurological deficit, and neuronal and non-neuronal apoptosis, was reduced in mice. Similarly, delayed TCLPA5 administration (at three hours after reperfusion) reduced brain infarction and neurological deficit. The histological results demonstrated that TCLPA5 administration attenuated microglial activation, as evidenced by the decreased Iba1 immunoreactivities, the number of amoeboid cells, and proliferation in an injured brain. TCLPA5 administration also attenuated the upregulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at mRNA levels in post-ischemic brain, which was also observed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia upon LPA5 knockdown. Overall, this study identifies LPA5 as a novel pathogenic factor for cerebral ischemia, further implicating it as a promising target for drug development to treat this disease.
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27
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Xiang H, Lu Y, Shao M, Wu T. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors: Biochemical and Clinical Implications in Different Diseases. J Cancer 2020; 11:3519-3535. [PMID: 32284748 PMCID: PMC7150451 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-acyl-2-hemolytic-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate) extracted from membrane phospholipid is a kind of simple bioactive glycophospholipid, which has many biological functions such as stimulating cell multiplication, cytoskeleton recombination, cell survival, drug-fast, synthesis of DNA and ion transport. Current studies have shown that six G-coupled protein receptors (LPAR1-6) can be activated by LPA. They stimulate a variety of signal transduction pathways through heterotrimeric G-proteins (such as Gα12/13, Gαq/11, Gαi/o and GαS). LPA and its receptors play vital roles in cancers, nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. In this article, we discussed the structure of LPA receptors and elucidated their functions in various diseases, in order to better understand them and point out new therapeutic schemes for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Xiang
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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28
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Karimy JK, Reeves BC, Damisah E, Duy PQ, Antwi P, David W, Wang K, Schiff SJ, Limbrick DD, Alper SL, Warf BC, Nedergaard M, Simard JM, Kahle KT. Inflammation in acquired hydrocephalus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:285-296. [PMID: 32152460 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical disorder worldwide and is characterized by enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled brain ventricles resulting from failed CSF homeostasis. Since the 1840s, physicians have observed inflammation in the brain and the CSF spaces in both posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH). Reparative inflammation is an important protective response that eliminates foreign organisms, damaged cells and physical irritants; however, inappropriately triggered or sustained inflammation can respectively initiate or propagate disease. Recent data have begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which inflammation - driven by Toll-like receptor 4-regulated cytokines, immune cells and signalling pathways - contributes to the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. We propose that therapeutic approaches that target inflammatory mediators in both PHH and PIH could address the multiple drivers of disease, including choroid plexus CSF hypersecretion, ependymal denudation, and damage and scarring of intraventricular and parenchymal (glia-lymphatic) CSF pathways. Here, we review the evidence for a prominent role of inflammation in the pathogenic mechanism of PHH and PIH and highlight promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Focusing research efforts on inflammation could shift our view of hydrocephalus from that of a lifelong neurosurgical disorder to that of a preventable neuroinflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Karimy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reeves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eyiyemisi Damisah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Prince Antwi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wyatt David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Engineering Science & Mechanics, and Physics; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Yale-Rockefeller NIH Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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29
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Namba T, Dóczi J, Pinson A, Xing L, Kalebic N, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Long KR, Vaid S, Lauer J, Bogdanova A, Borgonovo B, Shevchenko A, Keller P, Drechsel D, Kurzchalia T, Wimberger P, Chinopoulos C, Huttner WB. Human-Specific ARHGAP11B Acts in Mitochondria to Expand Neocortical Progenitors by Glutaminolysis. Neuron 2020; 105:867-881.e9. [PMID: 31883789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human-specific gene ARHGAP11B is preferentially expressed in neural progenitors of fetal human neocortex and increases abundance and proliferation of basal progenitors (BPs), which have a key role in neocortex expansion. ARHGAP11B has therefore been implicated in the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex, but its mode of action has been unknown. Here, we show that ARHGAP11B is imported into mitochondria, where it interacts with the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). BP expansion by ARHGAP11B requires its presence in mitochondria, and pharmacological inhibition of ANT function or mPTP opening mimic BP expansion by ARHGAP11B. Searching for the underlying metabolic basis, we find that BP expansion by ARHGAP11B requires glutaminolysis, the conversion of glutamine to glutamate for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Hence, an ARHGAP11B-induced, mitochondria-based effect on BP metabolism that is a hallmark of highly mitotically active cells appears to underlie its role in neocortex expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Judit Dóczi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tuzolto St. 37-47 1094, Hungary
| | - Anneline Pinson
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Xing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nereo Kalebic
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katherine R Long
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Samir Vaid
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Janelle Lauer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aliona Bogdanova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Borgonovo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Keller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Drechsel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Teymuras Kurzchalia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tuzolto St. 37-47 1094, Hungary
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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30
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Plastira I, Joshi L, Bernhart E, Schoene J, Specker E, Nazare M, Sattler W. Small-Molecule Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 5 (LPAR5) Antagonists: Versatile Pharmacological Tools to Regulate Inflammatory Signaling in BV-2 Microglia Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:531. [PMID: 31849616 PMCID: PMC6897279 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species in the extracellular environment induce downstream signaling via six different G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1–6). These signaling cascades are essential for normal brain development and function of the nervous system. However, in response to acute or chronic central nervous system (CNS) damage, LPA levels increase and aberrant signaling events can counteract brain function. Under neuro-inflammatory conditions signaling along the LPA/LPAR5 axis induces a potentially neurotoxic microglia phenotype indicating the need for new pharmacological intervention strategies. Therefore, we compared the effects of two novel small-molecule LPAR5 antagonists on LPA-induced polarization parameters of the BV-2 microglia cell line. AS2717638 is a selective piperidine-based LPAR5 antagonist (IC50 0.038 μM) while compound 3 is a diphenylpyrazole derivative with an IC50 concentration of 0.7 μM in BV-2 cells. Both antagonists compromised cell viability, however, at concentrations above their IC50 concentrations. Both inhibitors blunted LPA-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, p65, and c-Jun and consequently reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cyto-/chemokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, CXCL10, CXCL2, and CCL5) at non-toxic concentrations. Both compounds modulated the expression of intracellular (COX-2 and Arg1) and plasma membrane-located (CD40, CD86, and CD206) polarization markers yet only AS2717638 attenuated the neurotoxic potential of LPA-activated BV-2 cell-conditioned medium towards CATH.a neurons. Our findings from the present in vitro study suggest that the two LPAR5 antagonists represent valuable pharmacological tools to interfere with LPA-induced pro-inflammatory signaling cascades in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Plastira
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisha Joshi
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jens Schoene
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazare
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charite & MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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31
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Emmert AS, Iwasawa E, Shula C, Schultz P, Lindquist D, Dunn RS, Fugate EM, Hu YC, Mangano FT, Goto J. Impaired neural differentiation and glymphatic CSF flow in the Ccdc39 rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus: genetic interaction with L1cam. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/11/dmm040972. [PMID: 31771992 PMCID: PMC6898999 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hydrocephalus affects about one child per 1000 births and is a major congenital brain abnormality. We previously discovered a gene mutation within the coiled-coil domain-containing 39 (Ccdc39) gene, which causes the progressive hydrocephalus (prh) phenotype in mice due to lack of ependymal-cilia-mediated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce the Ccdc39 gene mutation into rats, which are more suitable for imaging and surgical experiments. The Ccdc39prh/prh mutants exhibited mild ventriculomegaly at postnatal day (P)5 that progressed into severe hydrocephalus by P11 (P<0.001). After P11, macrophage and neutrophil invasion along with subarachnoid hemorrhage were observed in mutant brains showing reduced neurofilament density, hypomyelination and increased cell death signals compared with wild-type brains. Significantly more macrophages entered the brain parenchyma at P5 before hemorrhaging was noted and increased expression of a pro-inflammatory factor (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) was found in the cortical neural and endothelial cells in the mutant brains at P11. Glymphatic-mediated CSF circulation was progressively impaired along the middle cerebral artery from P11 as mutants developed severe hydrocephalus (P<0.001). In addition, Ccdc39prh/prh mutants with L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1cam) gene mutation, which causes X-linked human congenital hydrocephalus, showed an accelerated early hydrocephalus phenotype (P<0.05-0.01). Our findings in Ccdc39prh/prh mutant rats demonstrate a possible causal role of neuroinflammation in neonatal hydrocephalus development, which involves impaired cortical development and glymphatic CSF flow. Improved understanding of inflammatory responses and the glymphatic system in neonatal hydrocephalus could lead to new therapeutic strategies for this condition. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Glymphatic CSF circulation and development of the cerebral cortex are impaired in our new genetic rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus with the onset of parenchymal inflammation and hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott Emmert
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eri Iwasawa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Crystal Shula
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Preston Schultz
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Diana Lindquist
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - R Scott Dunn
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Fugate
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - June Goto
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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32
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Castaneyra-Ruiz L, Morales DM, McAllister JP, Brody SL, Isaacs AM, Strahle JM, Dahiya SM, Limbrick DD. Blood Exposure Causes Ventricular Zone Disruption and Glial Activation In Vitro. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:803-813. [PMID: 30032242 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most common cause of pediatric hydrocephalus in North America but remains poorly understood. Cell junction-mediated ventricular zone (VZ) disruption and astrogliosis are associated with the pathogenesis of congenital, nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Recently, our group demonstrated that VZ disruption is also present in preterm infants with IVH. On the basis of this observation, we hypothesized that blood triggers the loss of VZ cell junction integrity and related cytopathology. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model of IVH by applying syngeneic blood to cultured VZ cells obtained from newborn mice. Following blood treatment, cells were assayed for N-cadherin-dependent adherens junctions, ciliated ependymal cells, and markers of glial activation using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. After 24-48 hours of exposure to blood, VZ cell junctions were disrupted as determined by a significant reduction in N-cadherin expression (p < 0.05). This was also associated with significant decrease in multiciliated cells and increase in glial fibrillary acid protein-expressing cells (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that, in vitro, blood triggers VZ cell loss and glial activation in a pattern that mirrors the cytopathology of human IVH and supports the relevance of this in vitro model to define injury mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Diego M Morales
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James P McAllister
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics
| | - Sonika M Dahiya
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics
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Lummis NC, Sánchez-Pavón P, Kennedy G, Frantz AJ, Kihara Y, Blaho VA, Chun J. LPA 1/3 overactivation induces neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus through ependymal loss and ciliary dysfunction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2011. [PMID: 31633020 PMCID: PMC6785248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in premature infants is a common neurological disorder treated with invasive neurosurgical interventions. Patients with PHH lack effective therapeutic interventions and suffer chronic comorbidities. Here, we report a murine lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced postnatal PHH model that maps neurodevelopmentally to premature infants, a clinically accessible high-risk population, and demonstrates ventriculomegaly with increased intracranial pressure. Administration of LPA, a blood-borne signaling lipid, acutely disrupted the ependymal cells that generate CSF flow, which was followed by cell death, phagocytosis, and ventricular surface denudation. This mechanism is distinct from a previously reported fetal model that induces PHH through developmental alterations. Analyses of LPA receptor-null mice identified LPA1 and LPA3 as key mediators of PHH. Pharmacological blockade of LPA1 prevented PHH in LPA-injected animals, supporting the medical tractability of LPA receptor antagonists in preventing PHH and negative CNS sequelae in premature infants.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ependyma/cytology
- Ependyma/metabolism
- Ependymoglial Cells/cytology
- Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/chemically induced
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Isoxazoles/pharmacology
- Isoxazoles/therapeutic use
- Lysophospholipids/toxicity
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Phagocytosis
- Propionates/pharmacology
- Propionates/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Lummis
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Pavón
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J. Frantz
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A. Blaho
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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34
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Pleotropic Roles of Autotaxin in the Nervous System Present Opportunities for the Development of Novel Therapeutics for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:372-392. [PMID: 31364025 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a soluble extracellular enzyme that is abundant in mammalian plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It has two known enzymatic activities, acting as both a phosphodiesterase and a phospholipase. The majority of its biological effects have been associated with its ability to liberate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from its substrate, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). LPA has diverse pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues via the activation of a family of six cognate G protein-coupled receptors. These LPA receptors (LPARs) are expressed in some combination in all known cell types in the CNS where they mediate such fundamental cellular processes as proliferation, differentiation, migration, chronic inflammation, and cytoskeletal organization. As a result, dysregulation of LPA content may contribute to many CNS and PNS disorders such as chronic inflammatory or neuropathic pain, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, metabolic syndrome-induced brain damage, traumatic brain injury, hepatic encephalopathy-induced cerebral edema, macular edema, major depressive disorder, stress-induced psychiatric disorder, alcohol-induced brain damage, HIV-induced brain injury, pruritus, and peripheral nerve injury. ATX activity is now known to be the primary biological source of this bioactive signaling lipid, and as such, represents a potentially high-value drug target. There is currently one ATX inhibitor entering phase III clinical trials, with several additional preclinical compounds under investigation. This review discusses the physiological and pathological significance of the ATX-LPA-LPA receptor signaling axis and summarizes the evidence for targeting this pathway for the treatment of CNS diseases.
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35
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Walia V, Cuenca A, Vetter M, Insinna C, Perera S, Lu Q, Ritt DA, Semler E, Specht S, Stauffer J, Morrison DK, Lorentzen E, Westlake CJ. Akt Regulates a Rab11-Effector Switch Required for Ciliogenesis. Dev Cell 2019; 50:229-246.e7. [PMID: 31204173 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum starvation stimulates cilia growth in cultured cells, yet serum factors associated with ciliogenesis are unknown. Previously, we showed that starvation induces rapid Rab11-dependent vesicular trafficking of Rabin8, a Rab8 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), to the mother centriole, leading to Rab8 activation and cilium growth. Here, we demonstrate that through the LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1), serum lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibits Rab11a-Rabin8 interaction and ciliogenesis. LPA/LPAR1 regulates ciliogenesis initiation via downstream PI3K/Akt activation, independent of effects on cell cycle. Akt stabilizes Rab11a binding to its effector, WDR44, and a WDR44-pAkt-phosphomimetic mutant blocks ciliogenesis. WDR44 depletion promotes Rabin8 preciliary trafficking and ciliogenesis-initiating events at the mother centriole. Our work suggests disruption of Akt signaling causes a switch from Rab11-WDR44 to the ciliogenic Rab11-FIP3-Rabin8 complex. Finally, we demonstrate that Akt regulates downstream ciliogenesis processes associated with Rab8-dependent cilia growth. Together, this study uncovers a mechanism whereby serum mitogen signaling regulates Rabin8 preciliary trafficking and ciliogenesis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Walia
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Adrian Cuenca
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Melanie Vetter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christine Insinna
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sumeth Perera
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel A Ritt
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth Semler
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Suzanne Specht
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jimmy Stauffer
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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36
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Kim NH, Sadra A, Park HY, Oh SM, Chun J, Yoon JK, Huh SO. HeLa E-Box Binding Protein, HEB, Inhibits Promoter Activity of the Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Gene Lpar1 in Neocortical Neuroblast Cells. Mol Cells 2019; 42:123-134. [PMID: 30622227 PMCID: PMC6399008 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous lysophospholipid with signaling properties outside of the cell and it signals through specific G protein-coupled receptors, known as LPA1-6. For one of its receptors, LPA1 (gene name Lpar1), details on the cis-acting elements for transcriptional control have not been defined. Using 5'RACE analysis, we report the identification of an alternative transcription start site of mouse Lpar1 and characterize approximately 3,500 bp of non-coding flanking sequence 5' of mouse Lpar1 gene for promoter activity. Transient transfection of cells derived from mouse neocortical neuroblasts with constructs from the 5' regions of mouse Lpar1 gene revealed the region between -248 to +225 serving as the basal promoter for Lpar1. This region also lacks a TATA box. For the region between -761 to -248, a negative regulatory element affected the basal expression of Lpar1. This region has three E-box sequences and mutagenesis of these E-boxes, followed by transient expression, demonstrated that two of the E-boxes act as negative modulators of Lpar1. One of these E-box sequences bound the HeLa E-box binding protein (HEB), and modulation of HEB levels in the transfected cells regulated the transcription of the reporter gene. Based on our data, we propose that HEB may be required for a proper regulation of Lpar1 expression in the embryonic neocortical neuroblast cells and to affect its function in both normal brain development and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Ali Sadra
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Hee-Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Sung-Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, CA 92037,
USA
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Sung-Oh Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
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37
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Itagaki K, Takebayashi M, Abe H, Shibasaki C, Kajitani N, Okada-Tsuchioka M, Hattori K, Yoshida S, Kunugi H, Yamawaki S. Reduced Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Autotaxin in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:261-269. [PMID: 30715387 PMCID: PMC6441130 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autotaxin/lysophosphatidic acid axis is involved in diverse biological processes including neurodevelopment, inflammation, and immunological functioning. The lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and in the mechanism of action of antidepressants. However, it is unclear whether central or peripheral autotaxin levels are altered in patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS Serum autotaxin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 37 patients with major depressive disorder diagnosed using DSM-IV-TR who underwent electroconvulsive therapy and were compared with those of 47 nondepressed controls matched for age and sex between January 2011 and December 2015. Patient serum levels of autotaxin before and after electroconvulsive therapy were also compared. In a separate sample set, cerebrospinal fluid autotaxin levels were compared between 26 patients with major depressive disorder and 27 nondepressed controls between December 2010 and December 2015. A potential association was examined between autotaxin levels and clinical symptoms assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS Before electroconvulsive therapy, both serum and cerebrospinal fluidautotaxin levels were significantly lower in major depressive disorder patients than in controls (serum: P = .001, cerebrospinal fluid: P = .038). A significantly negative correlation between serum, but not cerebrospinal fluid, autotaxin levels and depressive symptoms was observed (P = .032). After electroconvulsive therapy, a parallel increase in serum autotaxin levels and depressive symptoms improvement was observed (P = .005). CONCLUSION The current results suggest that serum autotaxin levels are reduced in a state-dependent manner. The reduction of cerebrospinal fluidautotaxin levels suggests a dysfunction in the autotaxin/lysophosphatidic acid axis in the brains of patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Itagaki
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan,Correspondence: Minoru Takebayashi, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1, Aoyama, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0023 Japan ()
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiyo Shibasaki
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Kajitani
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mami Okada-Tsuchioka
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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López-Serrano C, Santos-Nogueira E, Francos-Quijorna I, Coll-Miro M, Chun J, López-Vales R. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor type 2 activation contributes to secondary damage after spinal cord injury in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:258-267. [PMID: 30550929 PMCID: PMC6348147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an extracellular lipid mediator involved in many physiological functions by signaling through six known G-protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-LPA6). In the central nervous system (CNS), LPA mediates a wide range of effects, including neural progenitor cell physiology, astrocyte and microglia activation, neuronal cell death, axonal retraction, and contributions to pain, schizophrenia and hydrocephalus. We recently reported that LPA-LPA1 signaling mediates functional deficits and myelin loss after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we provide clear evidence on the deleterious contribution of another LPA receptor, LPA2, to myelin loss after SCI. We found that LPA2 is constitutively expressed in the spinal cord parenchyma and its transcripts were up-regulated after contusion injury, in part, by microglial cells. We also found that the demyelinating lesion triggered by intraspinal injection of LPA into the undamaged spinal cord was markedly reduced in the lack of LPA2. Similarly, LPA2 deficient mice showed enhanced motor skills and myelin sparing after SCI. To gain insights into the detrimental actions of LPA2 in spinal cord we performed cell culture studies. These experiments revealed that, similar to LPA1, activation of microglia LPA2 led to oligodendrocyte cell death. Moreover, we also found that the cytotoxic effects underlaying microglial LPA-LPA2 axis were mediated by the release of purines by microglia and the activation of P2X7 receptor on oligodendrocytes. Overall, this study provides new mechanistic insights into how LPA contributes to SCI physiopathology, and suggest that targeting LPA2 could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Serrano
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain 08193
| | - Eva Santos-Nogueira
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain 08193
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain 08193
| | - Marina Coll-Miro
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain 08193
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Rubèn López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain.
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39
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Shim JW, Territo PR, Simpson S, Watson JC, Jiang L, Riley AA, McCarthy B, Persohn S, Fulkerson D, Blazer-Yost BL. Hydrocephalus in a rat model of Meckel Gruber syndrome with a TMEM67 mutation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1069. [PMID: 30705305 PMCID: PMC6355840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 67 (TMEM67) is mutated in Meckel Gruber Syndrome type 3 (MKS3) resulting in a pleiotropic phenotype with hydrocephalus and renal cystic disease in both humans and rodent models. The precise pathogenic mechanisms remain undetermined. Herein it is reported for the first time that a point mutation of TMEM67 leads to a gene dose-dependent hydrocephalic phenotype in the Wistar polycystic kidney (Wpk) rat. Animals with TMEM67 heterozygous mutations manifest slowly progressing hydrocephalus, observed during the postnatal period and continuing into adulthood. These animals have no overt renal phenotype. The TMEM67 homozygous mutant rats have severe ventriculomegaly as well as severe polycystic kidney disease and die during the neonatal period. Protein localization in choroid plexus epithelial cells indicates that aquaporin 1 and claudin-1 both remain normally polarized in all genotypes. The choroid plexus epithelial cells may have selectively enhanced permeability as evidenced by increased Na+, K+ and Cl− in the cerebrospinal fluid of the severely hydrocephalic animals. Collectively, these results suggest that TMEM67 is required for the regulation of choroid plexus epithelial cell fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The Wpk rat model, orthologous to human MKS3, provides a unique platform to study the development of both severe and mild hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon W Shim
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Program, Weisberg Division of Engineering, College of Information Technology and Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Paul R Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Stefanie Simpson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - John C Watson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amanda A Riley
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brian McCarthy
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Scott Persohn
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bonnie L Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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40
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Grković I, Drakulić D, Martinović J, Mitrović N. Role of Ectonucleotidases in Synapse Formation During Brain Development: Physiological and Pathological Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:84-98. [PMID: 28521702 PMCID: PMC6341498 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170518151541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular adenine nucleotides and nucleosides, such as ATP and adenosine, are among the most recently identified and least investigated diffusible signaling factors that contribute to the structural and functional remodeling of the brain, both during embryonic and postnatal development. Their levels in the extracellular milieu are tightly controlled by various ectonucleotidases: ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPP), alkaline phosphatases (AP), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) and ecto-5'- nucleotidase (eN). METHODS Studies related to the expression patterns of ectonucleotidases and their known features during brain development are reviewed, highlighting involvement of these enzymes in synapse formation and maturation in physiological as well as in pathological states. RESULTS During brain development and in adulthood all ectonucleotidases have diverse expression pattern, cell specific localization and function. NPPs are expressed at early embryonic days, but the expression of NPP3 is reduced and restricted to ependymal area in adult brain. NTPDase2 is dominant ectonucleotidase existing in the progenitor cells as well as main astrocytic NTPDase in the adult brain, while NTPDase3 is fully expressed after third postnatal week, almost exclusively on varicose fibers. Specific brain AP is functionally associated with synapse formation and this enzyme is sufficient for adenosine production during neurite growth and peak of synaptogenesis. eN is transiently associated with synapses during synaptogenesis, however in adult brain it is more glial than neuronal enzyme. CONCLUSION Control of extracellular adenine nucleotide levels by ectonucleotidases are important for understanding the role of purinergic signaling in developing tissues and potential targets in developmental disorders such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Martinović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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41
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Furey CG, Zeng X, Dong W, Jin SC, Choi J, Timberlake AT, Dunbar AM, Allocco AA, Günel M, Lifton RP, Kahle KT. Human Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg 2018; 119:441-443. [PMID: 30205212 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew T Timberlake
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley M Dunbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - August A Allocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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42
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Robinson S, Conteh FS, Oppong AY, Yellowhair TR, Newville JC, Demerdash NE, Shrock CL, Maxwell JR, Jett S, Northington FJ, Jantzie LL. Extended Combined Neonatal Treatment With Erythropoietin Plus Melatonin Prevents Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:322. [PMID: 30319361 PMCID: PMC6167494 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) remains a global challenge. Early preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation), particularly those exposed to chorioamnionitis (CAM), are prone to intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and PHHP. We established an age-appropriate, preclinical model of PHHP with progressive macrocephaly and ventriculomegaly to test whether non-surgical neonatal treatment could modulate PHHP. We combined prenatal CAM and postnatal day 1 (P1, equivalent to 30 weeks human gestation) IVH in rats, and administered systemic erythropoietin (EPO) plus melatonin (MLT), or vehicle, from P2 to P10. CAM-IVH rats developed progressive macrocephaly through P21. Macrocephaly was accompanied by ventriculomegaly at P5 (histology), and P21 (ex vivo MRI). CAM-IVH rats showed impaired performance of cliff aversion, a neonatal neurodevelopmental test. Neonatal EPO+MLT treatment prevented macrocephaly and cliff aversion impairment, and significantly reduced ventriculomegaly. EPO+MLT treatment prevented matted or missing ependymal motile cilia observed in vehicle-treated CAM-IVH rats. EPO+MLT treatment also normalized ependymal yes-associated protein (YAP) mRNA levels, and reduced ependymal GFAP-immunolabeling. Vehicle-treated CAM-IVH rats exhibited loss of microstructural integrity on diffusion tensor imaging, which was normalized in EPO+MLT-treated CAM-IVH rats. In summary, combined prenatal systemic inflammation plus early postnatal IVH caused progressive macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly and delayed development of cliff aversion reminiscent of PHHP. Neonatal systemic EPO+MLT treatment prevented multiple hallmarks of PHHP, consistent with a clinically viable, non-surgical treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fatu S Conteh
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akosua Y Oppong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tracylyn R Yellowhair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessie C Newville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christine L Shrock
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Stephen Jett
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Frances J Northington
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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43
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Lidgerwood GE, Pitson SM, Bonder C, Pébay A. Roles of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate in stem cell biology. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:42-54. [PMID: 30196008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types. Because of these features, stem cells are key to the formation of organisms and play fundamental roles in tissue regeneration and repair. Mechanisms controlling their fate are thus fundamental to the development and homeostasis of tissues and organs. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive phospholipids that play a wide range of roles in multiple cell types, during developmental and pathophysiological events. Considerable evidence now demonstrates the potent roles of LPA and S1P in the biology of pluripotent and adult stem cells, from maintenance to repair. Here we review their roles for each main category of stem cells and explore how those effects impact development and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Lidgerwood
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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44
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Leblanc R, Houssin A, Peyruchaud O. Platelets, autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid signalling: win-win factors for cancer metastasis. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3100-3110. [PMID: 29777586 PMCID: PMC6031885 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a crucial role in the survival of metastatic cells in the blood circulation. The interaction of tumour cells with platelets leads to the production of plethoric factors among which our review will focus on lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), because platelets are the highest producers of this bioactive lysophospholipid in the organism. LPA promotes platelet aggregation, and blocking platelet function decreases LPA signalling and leads to inhibition of breast cancer cell metastasis. Autotaxin (ATX), a lysophospholipase D responsible for the basal concentration of LPA in blood, was detected in platelet α-granules. Functionally, active ATX is eventually released following tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation, thereby promoting metastasis. Megakaryocytes do not express ATX but respond to LPA stimulation. Whether LPA-primed megakaryocytes contribute to the recently reported negative action of megakaryocytes on cancer metastasis is not yet known. However, an understanding of the ATX/LPA signalling pathways in platelets, cancer cells and megakaryocytes opens up new approaches for fighting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Leblanc
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Houssin
- INSERM, UMR_S1033, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
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45
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Kwon JH, Gaire BP, Park SJ, Shin DY, Choi JW. Identifying lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtype 1 (LPA 1) as a novel factor to modulate microglial activation and their TNF-α production by activating ERK1/2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1237-1245. [PMID: 30071304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia regulate immune responses in the brain, and their activation is key to the pathogenesis of diverse neurological diseases. Receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling has been known to regulate microglial biology, but it is still unclear which receptor subtypes guide the biology, particularly, microglial activation. Here, we investigated the pathogenic aspects of LPA receptor subtype 1 (LPA1) in microglial activation using a systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration-induced septic mouse model in vivo and LPS-stimulated rat primary microglia in vitro. LPA1 knockdown in the brain with its specific shRNA lentivirus attenuated the sepsis-induced microglia activation, morphological transformation, and proliferation. LPA1 knockdown also resulted in the downregulation of TNF-α, at both mRNA and protein levels in septic brains, but not IL-1β or IL-6. In rat primary microglia, genetic or pharmacological blockade of LPA1 attenuated gene upregulation and secretion of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated cells. In particular, the latter was associated with the suppressed TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) activity. We reaffirmed these biological aspects using a BV2 microglial cell line in which LPA1 expression was negligible. LPA1 overexpression in BV2 cells led to significant increments in TNF-α production upon stimulation with LPS, whereas inhibiting LPA1 reversed the production. We further identified ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK or Akt, as the underlying effector pathway after LPA1 activation in both septic brains and stimulated microglia. The current findings of the novel role of LPA1 in microglial activation along with its mechanistic aspects could be applied to understanding the pathogenesis of diverse neurological diseases that involve microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea.
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Furey CG, Choi J, Jin SC, Zeng X, Timberlake AT, Nelson-Williams C, Mansuri MS, Lu Q, Duran D, Panchagnula S, Allocco A, Karimy JK, Khanna A, Gaillard JR, DeSpenza T, Antwi P, Loring E, Butler WE, Smith ER, Warf BC, Strahle JM, Limbrick DD, Storm PB, Heuer G, Jackson EM, Iskandar BJ, Johnston JM, Tikhonova I, Castaldi C, López-Giráldez F, Bjornson RD, Knight JR, Bilguvar K, Mane S, Alper SL, Haider S, Guclu B, Bayri Y, Sahin Y, Apuzzo MLJ, Duncan CC, DiLuna ML, Günel M, Lifton RP, Kahle KT. De Novo Mutation in Genes Regulating Neural Stem Cell Fate in Human Congenital Hydrocephalus. Neuron 2018; 99:302-314.e4. [PMID: 29983323 PMCID: PMC7839075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), featuring markedly enlarged brain ventricles, is thought to arise from failed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis and is treated with lifelong surgical CSF shunting with substantial morbidity. CH pathogenesis is poorly understood. Exome sequencing of 125 CH trios and 52 additional probands identified three genes with significant burden of rare damaging de novo or transmitted mutations: TRIM71 (p = 2.15 × 10-7), SMARCC1 (p = 8.15 × 10-10), and PTCH1 (p = 1.06 × 10-6). Additionally, two de novo duplications were identified at the SHH locus, encoding the PTCH1 ligand (p = 1.2 × 10-4). Together, these probands account for ∼10% of studied cases. Strikingly, all four genes are required for neural tube development and regulate ventricular zone neural stem cell fate. These results implicate impaired neurogenesis (rather than active CSF accumulation) in the pathogenesis of a subset of CH patients, with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuta Gavankar Furey
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrew T Timberlake
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Carol Nelson-Williams
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - M Shahid Mansuri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shreyas Panchagnula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - August Allocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jason K Karimy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Arjun Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan R Gaillard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tyrone DeSpenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Prince Antwi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Erin Loring
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin C Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Heuer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eric M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bermans J Iskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Irina Tikhonova
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Robert D Bjornson
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - James R Knight
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Bulent Guclu
- Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul 34860, Turkey
| | - Yasar Bayri
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Yener Sahin
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Michael L J Apuzzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charles C Duncan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael L DiLuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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47
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Koschnitzky JE, Keep RF, Limbrick DD, McAllister JP, Morris JA, Strahle J, Yung YC. Opportunities in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research: outcomes of the Hydrocephalus Association Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Workshop. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:11. [PMID: 29587767 PMCID: PMC5870202 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hydrocephalus Association Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Workshop was held on July 25 and 26, 2016 at the National Institutes of Health. The workshop brought together a diverse group of researchers including pediatric neurosurgeons, neurologists, and neuropsychologists with scientists in the fields of brain injury and development, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid dynamics, and the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. The goals of the workshop were to identify areas of opportunity in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research and encourage scientific collaboration across a diverse set of fields. This report details the major themes discussed during the workshop and research opportunities identified for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The primary areas include (1) preventing intraventricular hemorrhage, (2) stopping primary and secondary brain damage, (3) preventing hydrocephalus, (4) repairing brain damage, and (5) improving neurodevelopment outcomes in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard F. Keep
- University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - David D. Limbrick
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - James P. McAllister
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jill A. Morris
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Neuroscience Center, 6001 Executive Blvd, NSC Rm 2112, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jennifer Strahle
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Yun C. Yung
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., Building 7, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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Herr DR, Ong JHJ, Ong WY. Potential Therapeutic Applications for Inhibitors of Autotaxin, a Bioactive Lipid-Producing Lysophospholipase D, in Disorders Affecting the Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:398-400. [PMID: 29457888 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin is a dual-function ecto-enzyme, encoded by the gene ENPP2, which is the primary source of the bioactive signaling lipid, lysophosphatidic acid. Aberrations in autotaxin/lysophosphatidic acid signaling have been associated with a number of neurological, psychiatric, neoplastic, and neurodevelopmental conditions, such as pain, pruritus, glioblastoma multiforme, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, hydrocephalus, and schizophrenia. This Viewpoint offers a brief overview of the likely indications for therapeutic targeting of autotaxin, in disorders affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jolin Hwee-Jing Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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Jiang D, Ju W, Wu X, Zhan X. Elevated lysophosphatidic acid levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis: therapeutic response and clinical implication. Neurol Res 2018; 40:335-339. [PMID: 29557721 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1446256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, although great effort has been made to identify biomarkers of multiple sclerosis (MS), it remains unclear whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can be used as a biomarker for MS. METHODS This study compared the LPA levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with MS in relapse versus in remission and investigated the change in LPA levels in MS patients in relapse after treatment. Forty-one patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (21 patients in relapse and 20 patients in remission) and 21 patients with non-inflammatory, non-vascular neurological diseases as controls were included in this study. MS patients in relapse received standard glucocorticoid treatment. LPA concentrations in serum and CSF were measured using an inorganic phosphate quantification assay. RESULTS LPA levels in the serum and CSF were significantly higher in MS patients in relapse than in MS patients in remission and control patients (P < 0.05). The LPA level in MS patients in relapse was significantly reduced after treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LPA concentrations in the serum and CSF may be used as biomarkers to monitor disease activity and therapeutic response in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Jiang
- a Department of Neurology , Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University , Weihai , China
| | - Weiping Ju
- a Department of Neurology , Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University , Weihai , China
| | - Xijun Wu
- a Department of Neurology , Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University , Weihai , China
| | - Xia Zhan
- a Department of Neurology , Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University , Weihai , China
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Champagne PO, Decarie JC, Crevier L, Weil AG. Dissecting spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid collection. Med Hypotheses 2018. [PMID: 29523303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common condition in the pediatric population known to have many causes and presentation patterns. We report from the analysis of 2 cases the existence of a new complication of pediatric hydrocephalus. Naming this entity "dissecting intraparenchymal cerebrospinal fluid collection", we advance a hypothesis regarding its pathophysiology and discuss its clinical implications and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Champagne
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jean-Claude Decarie
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Crevier
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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