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Herrera-Arcos G, Song H, Yeon SH, Ghenand O, Gutierrez-Arango S, Sinha S, Herr H. Closed-loop optogenetic neuromodulation enables high-fidelity fatigue-resistant muscle control. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eadi8995. [PMID: 38776378 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adi8995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Closed-loop neuroprostheses show promise in restoring motion in individuals with neurological conditions. However, conventional activation strategies based on functional electrical stimulation (FES) fail to accurately modulate muscle force and exhibit rapid fatigue because of their unphysiological recruitment mechanism. Here, we present a closed-loop control framework that leverages physiological force modulation under functional optogenetic stimulation (FOS) to enable high-fidelity muscle control for extended periods of time (>60 minutes) in vivo. We first uncovered the force modulation characteristic of FOS, showing more physiological recruitment and significantly higher modulation ranges (>320%) compared with FES. Second, we developed a neuromuscular model that accurately describes the highly nonlinear dynamics of optogenetically stimulated muscle. Third, on the basis of the optogenetic model, we demonstrated real-time control of muscle force with improved performance and fatigue resistance compared with FES. This work lays the foundation for fatigue-resistant neuroprostheses and optogenetically controlled biohybrid robots with high-fidelity force modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Herrera-Arcos
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Media Arts and Sciences, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyungeun Song
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seong Ho Yeon
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Media Arts and Sciences, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omkar Ghenand
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Gutierrez-Arango
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Media Arts and Sciences, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sapna Sinha
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hugh Herr
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2
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Ren W, Chen J, Wang W, Li Q, Yin X, Zhuang G, Zhou H, Zeng W. Sympathetic nerve-enteroendocrine L cell communication modulates GLP-1 release, brain glucose utilization, and cognitive function. Neuron 2024; 112:972-990.e8. [PMID: 38242116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is controlled by brain-gut communications. Yet our understanding of the neuron-gut interface in the glucoregulatory system remains incomplete. Here, we find that sympathetic nerves elevate postprandial blood glucose but restrict brain glucose utilization by repressing the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine L cells. Sympathetic nerves are in close apposition with the L cells. Importantly, sympathetic denervation or intestinal deletion of the adrenergic receptor α2 (Adra2a) augments postprandial GLP-1 secretion, leading to reduced blood glucose levels and increased brain glucose uptake. Conversely, sympathetic activation shows the opposite effects. At the cellular level, adrenergic signaling suppresses calcium flux to limit GLP-1 secretion upon sugar ingestion. Consequently, abrogation of adrenergic signal results in a significant improvement in learning and memory ability. Together, our results reveal a sympathetic nerve-enteroendocrine unit in constraining GLP-1 secretion, thus providing a therapeutic nexus of mobilizing endogenous GLP-1 for glucose management and cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Ren
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China.
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3
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Natali G, Michetti C, Krawczun-Rygmaczewska A, Floss T, Cesca F, Benfenati F. Conditional knockout of REST/NRSF in excitatory neurons reduces seizure susceptibility to chemical kindling. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1267609. [PMID: 38034589 PMCID: PMC10687554 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1267609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) is an epigenetic master regulator that plays a crucial role during nervous system development and maturation. REST function was originally described during development, where it determines neuronal phenotype. However, recent studies showed that REST participates in several processes in the adult brain, including neuronal plasticity and epileptogenesis. In this regard, the relationships between REST and epilepsy are still controversial and need further investigation. As forebrain excitatory neurons are the common final pathway of seizure susceptibility, we investigated the role of REST in epilepsy by inducing REST conditional knockout (REST-cKO) specifically in excitatory neurons of the hippocampus. To target the excitatory neuronal population, we cloned the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα minimal promoter upstream of Cre recombinase. After assessing the specificity of the promoter's expression, the transgenes were packaged in an engineered adeno-associated virus able to cross the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers and delivered in the lateral ventricles of 2-month-old RESTflox/flox mice to characterize, after 1 month, the cognitive phenotype and the seizure propensity. We show that REST-cKO mice display lower levels of anxiety in the light-dark test with respect to control mice but have unaltered motor, social, and cognitive profiles. The evaluation of the susceptibility to epileptic seizures showed that REST-cKO mice are more resistant to pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling but not to seizures induced by a single administration of the convulsant and show higher survival rates. Overall, these data suggest that the absence of REST in forebrain excitatory neurons decreases seizure susceptibility, pointing to a pro-epileptogenic role of the transcriptional repressor under conditions of pathological excitation/inhibition imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Natali
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Michetti
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alicja Krawczun-Rygmaczewska
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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4
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Liu X, Rao S, Chen W, Felix K, Ni J, Sahasrabudhe A, Lin S, Wang Q, Liu Y, He Z, Xu J, Huang S, Hong E, Yau T, Anikeeva P, Zhao X. Fatigue-resistant hydrogel optical fibers enable peripheral nerve optogenetics during locomotion. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1802-1809. [PMID: 37857906 PMCID: PMC11009937 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We develop soft and stretchable fatigue-resistant hydrogel optical fibers that enable optogenetic modulation of peripheral nerves in naturally behaving animals during persistent locomotion. The formation of polymeric nanocrystalline domains within the hydrogels yields fibers with low optical losses of 1.07 dB cm-1, Young's modulus of 1.6 MPa, stretchability of 200% and fatigue strength of 1.4 MPa against 30,000 stretch cycles. The hydrogel fibers permitted light delivery to the sciatic nerve, optogenetically activating hindlimb muscles in Thy1::ChR2 mice during 6-week voluntary wheel running assays while experiencing repeated deformation. The fibers additionally enabled optical inhibition of pain hypersensitivity in an inflammatory model in TRPV1::NpHR mice over an 8-week period. Our hydrogel fibers offer a motion-adaptable and robust solution to peripheral nerve optogenetics, facilitating the investigation of somatosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Siyuan Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kayla Felix
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shaoting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qianbin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Somatosensation and Pain Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sizhe Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Eunji Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Todd Yau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- K. Lisa Yang Brain-Body Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Giorgi A, Cer AT, Mohan S, Perreault MC. Excitatory and Inhibitory Descending Commissural Interneurons Differentially Integrate Supraspinal and Segmental Sensory Signals. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5014-5029. [PMID: 37286348 PMCID: PMC10324999 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2015-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited information about how descending inputs from the brain and sensory inputs from the periphery use spinal cord interneurons (INs) is a major barrier to understanding how these inputs may contribute to motor functions under normal and pathologic conditions. Commissural interneurons (CINs) are a heterogeneous population of spinal INs that has been implicated in crossed motor responses and bilateral motor coordination (ability to use the right and left side of the body in a coordinated manner) and, therefore, are likely involved in many types of movement (e.g., dynamic posture stabilization, jumping, kicking, walking). In this study, we incorporate mouse genetics, anatomy, electrophysiology, and single-cell calcium imaging to investigate how a subset of CINs, those with descending axons called dCINs, are recruited by descending reticulospinal and segmental sensory signals independently and in combination. We focus on two groups of dCINs set apart by their principal neurotransmitter (glutamate and GABA) and identified as VGluT2+ dCINs and GAD2+ dCINs. We show that VGluT2+ and GAD2+ dCINs are both extensively recruited by reticulospinal and sensory input alone but that VGluT2+ and GAD2+ dCINs integrate these inputs differently. Critically, we find that when recruitment depends on the combined action of reticulospinal and sensory inputs (subthreshold inputs), VGluT2+ dCINs, but not GAD2+ dCINs, are recruited. This difference in the integrative capacity of VGluT2+ and GAD2+ dCINs represents a circuit mechanism that the reticulospinal and segmental sensory systems may avail themselves of to regulate motor behaviors both normally and after injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The way supraspinal and peripheral sensory inputs use spinal cord interneurons is fundamental to defining how motor functions are supported both in health and disease. This study, which focuses on dCINs, a heterogeneous population of spinal interneurons critical for crossed motor responses and bilateral motor coordination, shows that both glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) dCINs can be recruited by supraspinal (reticulospinal) or peripheral sensory inputs. Additionally, the study demonstrates that in conditions where the recruitment of dCINs depends on the combined action of reticulospinal and sensory inputs, only excitatory dCINs are recruited. The study uncovers a circuit mechanism that the reticulospinal and segmental sensory systems may avail themselves of to regulate motor behaviors both normally and after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giorgi
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Abishag Tluang Cer
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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6
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Ho A, Orton R, Tayler R, Asamaphan P, Herder V, Davis C, Tong L, Smollett K, Manali M, Allan J, Rawlik K, McDonald SE, Vink E, Pollock L, Gannon L, Evans C, McMenamin J, Roy K, Marsh K, Divala T, Holden MTG, Lockhart M, Yirrell D, Currie S, O'Leary M, Henderson D, Shepherd SJ, Jackson C, Gunson R, MacLean A, McInnes N, Bradley-Stewart A, Battle R, Hollenbach JA, Henderson P, Odam M, Chikowore P, Oosthuyzen W, Chand M, Hamilton MS, Estrada-Rivadeneyra D, Levin M, Avramidis N, Pairo-Castineira E, Vitart V, Wilkie C, Palmarini M, Ray S, Robertson DL, da Silva Filipe A, Willett BJ, Breuer J, Semple MG, Turner D, Baillie JK, Thomson EC. Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A-E hepatitis. Nature 2023; 617:555-563. [PMID: 36996873 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children was reported in Scotland1 in April 2022 and has now been identified in 35 countries2. Several recent studies have suggested an association with human adenovirus with this outbreak, a virus not commonly associated with hepatitis. Here we report a detailed case-control investigation and find an association between adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility. Using next-generation sequencing, PCR with reverse transcription, serology and in situ hybridization, we detected recent infection with AAV2 in plasma and liver samples in 26 out of 32 (81%) cases of hepatitis compared with 5 out of 74 (7%) of samples from unaffected individuals. Furthermore, AAV2 was detected within ballooned hepatocytes alongside a prominent T cell infiltrate in liver biopsy samples. In keeping with a CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune pathology, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele was identified in 25 out of 27 cases (93%) compared with a background frequency of 10 out of 64 (16%; P = 5.49 × 10-12). In summary, we report an outbreak of acute paediatric hepatitis associated with AAV2 infection (most likely acquired as a co-infection with human adenovirus that is usually required as a 'helper virus' to support AAV2 replication) and disease susceptibility related to HLA class II status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ho
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Orton
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patawee Asamaphan
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Davis
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lily Tong
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katherine Smollett
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Manali
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jay Allan
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E McDonald
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elen Vink
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louisa Pollock
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Clair Evans
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Celia Jackson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rory Gunson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Neil McInnes
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Richard Battle
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (H&I) Laboratory, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miranda Odam
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Primrose Chikowore
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wilna Oosthuyzen
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Melissa Shea Hamilton
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Estrada-Rivadeneyra
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Avramidis
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig Wilkie
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Surajit Ray
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David L Robertson
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ana da Silva Filipe
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Willett
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - David Turner
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (H&I) Laboratory, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma C Thomson
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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7
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Hsueh B, Chen R, Jo Y, Tang D, Raffiee M, Kim YS, Inoue M, Randles S, Ramakrishnan C, Patel S, Kim DK, Liu TX, Kim SH, Tan L, Mortazavi L, Cordero A, Shi J, Zhao M, Ho TT, Crow A, Yoo ACW, Raja C, Evans K, Bernstein D, Zeineh M, Goubran M, Deisseroth K. Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state. Nature 2023; 615:292-299. [PMID: 36859543 PMCID: PMC9995271 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Emotional states influence bodily physiology, as exemplified in the top-down process by which anxiety causes faster beating of the heart1-3. However, whether an increased heart rate might itself induce anxiety or fear responses is unclear3-8. Physiological theories of emotion, proposed over a century ago, have considered that in general, there could be an important and even dominant flow of information from the body to the brain9. Here, to formally test this idea, we developed a noninvasive optogenetic pacemaker for precise, cell-type-specific control of cardiac rhythms of up to 900 beats per minute in freely moving mice, enabled by a wearable micro-LED harness and the systemic viral delivery of a potent pump-like channelrhodopsin. We found that optically evoked tachycardia potently enhanced anxiety-like behaviour, but crucially only in risky contexts, indicating that both central (brain) and peripheral (body) processes may be involved in the development of emotional states. To identify potential mechanisms, we used whole-brain activity screening and electrophysiology to find brain regions that were activated by imposed cardiac rhythms. We identified the posterior insular cortex as a potential mediator of bottom-up cardiac interoceptive processing, and found that optogenetic inhibition of this brain region attenuated the anxiety-like behaviour that was induced by optical cardiac pacing. Together, these findings reveal that cells of both the body and the brain must be considered together to understand the origins of emotional or affective states. More broadly, our results define a generalizable approach for noninvasive, temporally precise functional investigations of joint organism-wide interactions among targeted cells during behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ritchie Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - YoungJu Jo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Misha Raffiee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masatoshi Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sawyer Randles
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sneha Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Doo Kyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony X Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Longzhi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leili Mortazavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arjay Cordero
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theodore T Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ailey Crow
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Chi Wang Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cephra Raja
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Zhou L, Zhang Y, Cao G, Zhang C, Zheng C, Meng G, Lai Y, Zhou Z, Liu Z, Liu Z, Guo F, Dong X, Liang Z, Wang Y, Guo S, Zhou X, Jiang H, Yu L. Wireless Self-Powered Optogenetic System for Long-Term Cardiac Neuromodulation to Improve Post-MI Cardiac Remodeling and Malignant Arrhythmia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205551. [PMID: 36698262 PMCID: PMC10037959 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic imbalance is an important characteristic of patients after myocardial infarction (MI) and adversely contributes to post-MI cardiac remodeling and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). A previous study proved that optogenetic modulation could precisely inhibit cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity and prevent acute ischemia-induced VAs. Here, a wireless self-powered optogenetic modulation system is introduced, which achieves long-term precise cardiac neuromodulation in ambulatory canines. The wireless self-powered optical system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator is powered by energy harvested from body motion and realized the effective optical illumination that is required for optogenetic neuromodulation (ON). It is further demonstrated that long-term ON significantly mitigates MI-induced sympathetic remodeling and hyperactivity, and improves a variety of clinically relevant outcomes such as improves ventricular dysfunction, reduces infarct size, increases electrophysiological stability, and reduces susceptibility to VAs. These novel insights suggest that wireless ON holds translational potential for the clinical treatment of arrhythmia and other cardiovascular diseases related to sympathetic hyperactivity. Moreover, this innovative self-powered optical system may provide an opportunity to develop implantable/wearable and self-controllable devices for long-term optogenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory LaboratoriesKey Laboratory of Artificial Micro, and Nano‐structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Gang Cao
- Biomedical CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Guannan Meng
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Lai
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Fuding Guo
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Zhizhuo Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Shishang Guo
- Hubei Yangtze Memory LaboratoriesKey Laboratory of Artificial Micro, and Nano‐structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System ModulationCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan UniversityTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhan430060P. R. China
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9
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Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ. Bioelectronic medicine: Preclinical insights and clinical advances. Neuron 2022; 110:3627-3644. [PMID: 36174571 PMCID: PMC10155266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system maintains homeostasis and health. Homeostatic disruptions underlying the pathobiology of many diseases can be controlled by bioelectronic devices targeting CNS and peripheral neural circuits. New insights into the regulatory functions of the nervous system and technological developments in bioelectronics drive progress in the emerging field of bioelectronic medicine. Here, we provide an overview of key aspects of preclinical research, translation, and clinical advances in bioelectronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Pavlov
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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10
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Girão AF, Serrano MC, Completo A, Marques PAAP. Is Graphene Shortening the Path toward Spinal Cord Regeneration? ACS NANO 2022; 16:13430-13467. [PMID: 36000717 PMCID: PMC9776589 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of the next generation of biomedical platforms, the inclusion of graphene-based materials (GBMs) into therapeutics for spinal cord injury (SCI) has potential to nourish topmost neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies for enhancing neural structural and physiological recovery. In the context of SCI, contemplated as one of the most convoluted challenges of modern medicine, this review first provides an overview of its characteristics and pathophysiological features. Then, the most relevant ongoing clinical trials targeting SCI, including pharmaceutical, robotics/neuromodulation, and scaffolding approaches, are introduced and discussed in sequence with the most important insights brought by GBMs into each particular topic. The current role of these nanomaterials on restoring the spinal cord microenvironment after injury is critically contextualized, while proposing future concepts and desirable outputs for graphene-based technologies aiming to reach clinical significance for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Girão
- Centre
for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la
Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- (A.F.G.)
| | - María Concepcion Serrano
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la
Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- (M.C.S.)
| | - António Completo
- Centre
for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paula A. A. P. Marques
- Centre
for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- (P.A.A.P.M.)
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11
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Thalhammer A, Fontanini M, Shi J, Scaini D, Recupero L, Evtushenko A, Fu Y, Pavagada S, Bistrovic-Popov A, Fruk L, Tian B, Ballerini L. Distributed interfacing by nanoscale photodiodes enables single-neuron light activation and sensory enhancement in 3D spinal explants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9257. [PMID: 35960795 PMCID: PMC9374338 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among emerging technologies developed to interface neuronal signaling, engineering electrodes at the nanoscale would yield more precise biodevices opening to progress in neural circuit investigations and to new therapeutic potential. Despite remarkable progress in miniature electronics for less invasive neurostimulation, most nano-enabled, optically triggered interfaces are demonstrated in cultured cells, which precludes the studies of natural neural circuits. We exploit here free-standing silicon-based nanoscale photodiodes to optically modulate single, identified neurons in mammalian spinal cord explants. With near-infrared light stimulation, we show that activating single excitatory or inhibitory neurons differently affects sensory circuits processing in the dorsal horn. We successfully functionalize nano-photodiodes to target single molecules, such as glutamate AMPA receptor subunits, thus enabling light activation of specific synaptic pathways. We conclude that nano-enabled neural interfaces can modulate selected sensory networks with low invasiveness. The use of nanoscale photodiodes can thus provide original perspective in linking neural activity to specific behavioral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Thalhammer
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Fontanini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denis Scaini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Luca Recupero
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Evtushenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suraj Pavagada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Bistrovic-Popov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Beloate LN, Zhang N. Connecting the dots between cell populations, whole-brain activity, and behavior. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032208. [PMID: 35350137 PMCID: PMC8957372 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously manipulating and monitoring both microscopic and macroscopic brain activity in vivo and identifying the linkage to behavior are powerful tools in neuroscience research. These capabilities have been realized with the recent technical advances of optogenetics and its combination with fMRI, here termed "opto-fMRI." Opto-fMRI allows for targeted brain region-, cell-type-, or projection-specific manipulation and targeted Ca 2 + activity measurement to be linked with global brain signaling and behavior. We cover the history, technical advances, applications, and important considerations of opto-fMRI in anesthetized and awake rodents and the future directions of the combined techniques in neuroscience and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Beloate
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, United States
- Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania, United States
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13
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Hee Lee J, Lee S, Kim D, Jae Lee K. Implantable Micro-Light-Emitting Diode (µLED)-based optogenetic interfaces toward human applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114399. [PMID: 35716898 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics has received wide attention in biomedical fields because of itsadvantages in temporal precision and spatial resolution. Beyond contributions to important advances in fundamental research, optogenetics is inspiring a shift towards new methods of improving human well-being and treating diseases. Soft, flexible and biocompatible systems using µLEDs as a light source have been introduced to realize brain-compatible optogenetic implants, but there are still many technical challenges to overcome before their human applications. In this review, we address progress in the development of implantable µLED probes and recent achievements in (i) device engineering design, (ii) driving power, (iii) multifunctionality and (iv) closed-loop systems. (v) Expanded optogenetic applications based on remarkable advances in µLED implants will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinjeong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Habibagahi I, Omidbeigi M, Hadaya J, Lyu H, Jang J, Ardell JL, Bari AA, Babakhani A. Vagus nerve stimulation using a miniaturized wirelessly powered stimulator in pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8184. [PMID: 35581302 PMCID: PMC9114380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation of peripheral nerves has been clinically used for a wide range of indications. Wireless and batteryless stimulators offer important capabilities such as no need for reoperation, and extended life compared to their wired counterparts. However, there are challenging trade-offs between the device size and its operating range, which can limit their use. This study aimed to examine the functionality of newly designed wirelessly powered and controlled implants in vagus nerve stimulation for pigs. The implant used near field inductive coupling at 13.56 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical band to harvest power from an external coil. The circular implant had a diameter of 13 mm and weighed 483 mg with cuff electrodes. The efficiency of the inductive link and robustness to distance and misalignment were optimized. As a result, the specific absorption rate was orders of magnitude lower than the safety limit, and the stimulation can be performed using only 0.1 W of external power. For the first time, wireless and batteryless VNS with more than 5 cm operation range was demonstrated in pigs. A total of 84 vagus nerve stimulations (10 s each) have been performed in three adult pigs. In a quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of VNS devices, the efficiency of systems on reducing heart rate was similar in both conventional (75%) and wireless (78.5%) systems. The pulse width and frequency of the stimulation were swept on both systems, and the response for physiological markers was drawn. The results were easily reproducible, and methods used in this study can serve as a basis for future wirelessly powered implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Habibagahi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mahmoud Omidbeigi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongming Lyu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaeeun Jang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ausaf A Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aydin Babakhani
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Heng W, Solomon S, Gao W. Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human-Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107902. [PMID: 34897836 PMCID: PMC9035141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics will make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which can potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible human-machine interfaces are summarized by recent and renowned applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Heng
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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16
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Hong S, Kim WS, Han Y, Cherukuri R, Jung H, Campos C, Wu Q, Park SI. Optogenetic Targeting of Mouse Vagal Afferents Using an Organ-specific, Scalable, Wireless Optoelectronic Device. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4341. [PMID: 35592610 PMCID: PMC8918220 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has the potential to transform the study of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but the complex anatomy of the PNS poses unique challenges for the focused delivery of light to specific tissues. This protocol describes the fabrication of a wireless telemetry system for studying peripheral sensory pathways. Unlike existing wireless approaches, the low-power wireless telemetry offers organ specificity via a sandwiched pre-curved tether, and enables high-throughput analysis of behavioral experiments with a channel isolation strategy. We describe the technical procedures for the construction of these devices, the wireless power transmission (TX) system with antenna coils, and their implementation for in vivo experimental applications. In total, the timeline of the procedure, including device fabrication, implantation, and preparation to begin in vivo experimentation can be completed in ~2-4 weeks. Implementation of these devices allows for chronic (>1 month) wireless optogenetic manipulation of peripheral neural pathways in freely behaving animals navigating homecage environments (up to 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungcheol Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
| | - Woo Seok Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, US
| | - Rahul Cherukuri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
| | - Haemin Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
| | - Carlos Campos
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, US
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, US
| | - Sung Il Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
,Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
,Center of Remote Health Sciences and Technologies, Texas A&M University, College Station, US
,
*For correspondence:
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17
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Chemogenetics as a neuromodulatory approach to treating neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. Mol Ther 2022; 30:990-1005. [PMID: 34861415 PMCID: PMC8899595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemogenetics enables precise, non-invasive, and reversible modulation of neural activity via the activation of engineered receptors that are pharmacologically selective to endogenous or exogenous ligands. With recent advances in therapeutic gene delivery, chemogenetics is poised to support novel interventions against neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. To evaluate its translational potential, we performed a scoping review of applications of chemogenetics that led to the reversal of molecular and behavioral deficits in studies relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. In this review, we present these findings and discuss the potential and challenges for using chemogenetics as a precision medicine-based neuromodulation strategy.
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18
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Wu Y, Luo Z, Hu Z, Lv K, Liu Y, Wang D. Optical Activation of the Dorsal Horn of the Thoracic Spinal Cord Prevents Ventricular Arrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:753959. [PMID: 35198610 PMCID: PMC8858961 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.753959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesSpinal cord stimulation can prevent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion arrhythmias, but the relevant neurons and mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, this study applied optogenetic techniques to selectively activate glutamatergic neurons at the thoracic spinal cord (T1 segment) for examining the anti-arrhythmia effects during acute myocardial ischemic-reperfusion.MethodsAdeno-associated viruses (AAVs) carrying channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2, a blue-light sensitive ion channel) CaMKIIα-hChR2(H134R) or empty vector were injected into the dorsal horn of the T1 spinal cord. Four weeks later, optogenetic stimulation with a 473-nm blue laser was applied for 30 min. Then, the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was created by occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery for ischemia (15 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Cardiac electrical activity and sympathetic nerve activity were assessed continuously.ResultsCaMKIIα-hChR2 viral transfection is primarily expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord. Selective optical stimulation of the T1 dorsal horn in the ChR2 rat reduced the ventricular arrhythmia and arrhythmia score during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, preventing the over-activation of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. Additionally, optical stimulation also reduced the action potential duration at the 90% level (APD90) and APD dispersion.ConclusionSelective optical stimulation T1 glutamatergic neurons of dorsal horn prevent ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias. The mechanism may be associated with inhibiting sympathetic nervous system overexcitation and increasing APD dispersion during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Zhongxu Luo
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengtao Hu
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Deguo Wang
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19
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Abstract
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution. Following the initial discovery of microbial opsins as light-actuated ion channels, a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics. Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically-encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo. Here, we summarize these optogenetic tools on the basis of their fundamental photochemical properties to better inform the chemical basis and design principles. We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology"), and describe the current progress, as well as future trends, in wireless optogenetics, which enables remote interrogation of physiological processes with minimal invasiveness. This review is anticipated to spark novel thoughts on engineering next-generation optogenetic tools and devices that promise to accelerate both basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
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20
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Jiang S, Wu X, Rommelfanger NJ, Ou Z, Hong G. Shedding light on neurons: optical approaches for neuromodulation. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac007. [PMID: 36196122 PMCID: PMC9522429 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today's optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving, benefiting from advances in photonics, genetics and materials science. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for neuromodulation. We begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural tissue. We then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules: conventional optical fibers, multifunctional fibers, optical waveguides, light-emitting diodes, upconversion nanoparticles, optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light, and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic fields. We conclude our review with an outlook on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas J Rommelfanger
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zihao Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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21
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Jayakar S, Shim J, Jo S, Bean BP, Singeç I, Woolf CJ. Developing nociceptor-selective treatments for acute and chronic pain. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj9837. [PMID: 34757806 PMCID: PMC9964063 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj9837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial efforts dedicated to the development of new, nonaddictive analgesics, success in treating pain has been limited. Clinically available analgesic agents generally lack efficacy and may have undesirable side effects. Traditional target-based drug discovery efforts that generate compounds with selectivity for single targets have a high rate of attrition because of their poor clinical efficacy. Here, we examine the challenges associated with the current analgesic drug discovery model and review evidence in favor of stem cell–derived neuronal-based screening approaches for the identification of analgesic targets and compounds for treating diverse forms of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Jayakar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaehoon Shim
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sooyeon Jo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Kathe C, Michoud F, Schönle P, Rowald A, Brun N, Ravier J, Furfaro I, Paggi V, Kim K, Soloukey S, Asboth L, Hutson TH, Jelescu I, Philippides A, Alwahab N, Gandar J, Huber D, De Zeeuw CI, Barraud Q, Huang Q, Lacour SP, Courtine G. Wireless closed-loop optogenetics across the entire dorsoventral spinal cord in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 40:198-208. [PMID: 34580478 PMCID: PMC7612390 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic systems can exert precise control over targeted neurons and pathways throughout the brain in untethered animals, but similar technologies for the spinal cord are not well established. In the present study, we describe a system for ultrafast, wireless, closed-loop manipulation of targeted neurons and pathways across the entire dorsoventral spinal cord in untethered mice. We developed a soft stretchable carrier, integrating microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), that conforms to the dura mater of the spinal cord. A coating of silicone-phosphor matrix over the micro-LEDs provides mechanical protection and light conversion for compatibility with a large library of opsins. A lightweight, head-mounted, wireless platform powers the micro-LEDs and performs low-latency, on-chip processing of sensed physiological signals to control photostimulation in a closed loop. We use the device to reveal the role of various neuronal subtypes, sensory pathways and supraspinal projections in the control of locomotion in healthy and spinal-cord injured mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kathe
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Michoud
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schönle
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rowald
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noé Brun
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Ravier
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Furfaro
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Paggi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sadaf Soloukey
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Asboth
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas H Hutson
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana Jelescu
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomedicale, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Philippides
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noaf Alwahab
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Gandar
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Huber
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qiuting Huang
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland. .,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosurgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Shokur S, Mazzoni A, Schiavone G, Weber DJ, Micera S. A modular strategy for next-generation upper-limb sensory-motor neuroprostheses. MED 2021; 2:912-937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Ting WKC, Fadul FAR, Fecteau S, Ethier C. Neurostimulation for Stroke Rehabilitation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:649459. [PMID: 34054410 PMCID: PMC8160247 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological injuries such as strokes can lead to important loss in motor function. Thanks to neuronal plasticity, some of the lost functionality may be recovered over time. However, the recovery process is often slow and incomplete, despite the most effective conventional rehabilitation therapies. As we improve our understanding of the rules governing activity-dependent plasticity, neuromodulation interventions are being developed to harness neural plasticity to achieve faster and more complete recovery. Here, we review the principles underlying stimulation-driven plasticity as well as the most commonly used stimulation techniques and approaches. We argue that increased spatiotemporal precision is an important factor to improve the efficacy of neurostimulation and drive a more useful neuronal reorganization. Consequently, closed-loop systems and optogenetic stimulation hold theoretical promise as interventions to promote brain repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Windsor Kwan-Chun Ting
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Faïza Abdou-Rahaman Fadul
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Ethier
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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25
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Schiller M, Azulay-Debby H, Boshnak N, Elyahu Y, Korin B, Ben-Shaanan TL, Koren T, Krot M, Hakim F, Rolls A. Optogenetic activation of local colonic sympathetic innervations attenuates colitis by limiting immune cell extravasation. Immunity 2021; 54:1022-1036.e8. [PMID: 33932356 PMCID: PMC8116309 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is composed of an endocrine arm, regulating blood adrenaline and noradrenaline, and a local arm, a network of fibers innervating immune organs. Here, we investigated the impact of the local arm of the SNS in an inflammatory response in the colon. Intra-rectal insertion of an optogenetic probe in mice engineered to express channelrhodopsin-2 in tyrosine hydroxylase cells activated colonic sympathetic fibers. In contrast to systemic application of noradrenaline, local activation of sympathetic fibers attenuated experimental colitis and reduced immune cell abundance. Gene expression profiling showed decreased endothelial expression of the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1 upon optogenetic stimulation; this decrease was sensitive to adrenergic blockers and 6-hydroxydopamine. Antibody blockade of MAdCAM-1 abrogated the optogenetic effect on immune cell extravasation into the colon and the pathology. Thus, sympathetic fibers control colonic inflammation by regulating immune cell extravasation from circulation, a mechanism likely relevant in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schiller
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hilla Azulay-Debby
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadia Boshnak
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehezqel Elyahu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar L Ben-Shaanan
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Koren
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria Krot
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Cancer Research Center, EMMS Nazareth, 16100, Nazareth, Israel; Azrieli faculty of medicine, Bar-Ilan university, 1311502, Safad, Israel
| | - Asya Rolls
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel.
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26
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Zárate RV, Arancibia D, Fernández A, Signorelli JR, Larrondo LF, Andrés ME, Zamorano P. Optimization of the Light-On system in a lentiviral platform to a light-controlled expression of genes in neurons. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Chen Z, Tsytsarev V, Finfrock YZ, Antipova OA, Cai Z, Arakawa H, Lischka FW, Hooks BM, Wilton R, Wang D, Liu Y, Gaitan B, Tao Y, Chen Y, Erzurumlu RS, Yang H, Rozhkova EA. Wireless Optogenetic Modulation of Cortical Neurons Enabled by Radioluminescent Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5201-5208. [PMID: 33625219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While offering high-precision control of neural circuits, optogenetics is hampered by the necessity to implant fiber-optic waveguides in order to deliver photons to genetically engineered light-gated neurons in the brain. Unlike laser light, X-rays freely pass biological barriers. Here we show that radioluminescent Gd2(WO4)3:Eu nanoparticles, which absorb external X-rays energy and then downconvert it into optical photons with wavelengths of ∼610 nm, can be used for the transcranial stimulation of cortical neurons expressing red-shifted, ∼590-630 nm, channelrhodopsin ReaChR, thereby promoting optogenetic neural control to the practical implementation of minimally invasive wireless deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Y Zou Finfrock
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Science Division, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Olga A Antipova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Arakawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Fritz W Lischka
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, United States
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Suite W1458, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2500, United States
| | - Rosemarie Wilton
- Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dongyi Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yang Tao
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Elena A Rozhkova
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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28
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Cheung VCK, Seki K. Approaches to revealing the neural basis of muscle synergies: a review and a critique. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1580-1597. [PMID: 33729869 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00625.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) may produce coordinated motor outputs via the combination of motor modules representable as muscle synergies. Identification of muscle synergies has hitherto relied on applying factorization algorithms to multimuscle electromyographic data (EMGs) recorded during motor behaviors. Recent studies have attempted to validate the neural basis of the muscle synergies identified by independently retrieving the muscle synergies through CNS manipulations and analytic techniques such as spike-triggered averaging of EMGs. Experimental data have demonstrated the pivotal role of the spinal premotor interneurons in the synergies' organization and the presence of motor cortical loci whose stimulations offer access to the synergies, but whether the motor cortex is also involved in organizing the synergies has remained unsettled. We argue that one difficulty inherent in current approaches to probing the synergies' neural basis is that the EMG generative model based on linear combination of synergies and the decomposition algorithms used for synergy identification are not grounded on enough prior knowledge from neurophysiology. Progress may be facilitated by constraining or updating the model and algorithms with knowledge derived directly from CNS manipulations or recordings. An investigative framework based on evaluating the relevance of neurophysiologically constrained models of muscle synergies to natural motor behaviors will allow a more sophisticated understanding of motor modularity, which will help the community move forward from the current debate on the neural versus nonneural origin of muscle synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C K Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences and The Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) record and/or modulate neural activity of nerves, which are responsible for conducting sensory-motor information to and from the central nervous system, and for regulating the activity of inner organs. PNIs are used both in neuroscience research and in therapeutical applications such as precise closed-loop control of neuroprosthetic limbs, treatment of neuropathic pain and restoration of vital functions (e.g. breathing and bladder management). Implantable interfaces represent an attractive solution to directly access peripheral nerves and provide enhanced selectivity both in recording and in stimulation, compared to their non-invasive counterparts. Nevertheless, the long-term functionality of implantable PNIs is limited by tissue damage, which occurs at the implant-tissue interface, and is thus highly dependent on material properties, biocompatibility and implant design. Current research focuses on the development of mechanically compliant PNIs, which adapt to the anatomy and dynamic movements of nerves in the body thereby limiting foreign body response. In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of flexible and implantable PNIs, highlighting promising solutions related to materials selection and their associated fabrication methods, and integrated functions. We report on the variety of available interface designs (intraneural, extraneural and regenerative) and different modulation techniques (electrical, optical, chemical) emphasizing the main challenges associated with integrating such systems on compliant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paggi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Equally contributing authors
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30
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Cai L, Gutruf P. Soft, Wireless and subdermally implantable recording and neuromodulation tools. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33607646 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding neuronal interaction and circuit behavior of the central and peripheral nervous system strongly relies on the advancement of tools that record and stimulate with high fidelity and specificity. Currently, devices used in exploratory research predominantly utilize cables or tethers to provide pathways for power supply, data communication, stimulus delivery and recording, which constrains the scope and use of such devices. In particular, the tethered connection, mechanical mismatch to surrounding soft tissues and bones frustrate the interface leading to irritation and limitation of motion of the subject, which in the case of fundamental and preclinical studies, impacts naturalistic behaviors of animals and precludes the use in experiments involving social interaction and ethologically relevant three-dimensional environments, limiting the use of current tools to mostly rodents and exclude species such as birds and fish. This review explores the current state-of-the-art in wireless, subdermally implantable tools that quantitively expand capabilities in analysis and perturbation of the central and peripheral nervous system by removing tethers and externalized features of implantable neuromodulation and recording tools. Specifically, the review explores power harvesting strategies, wireless communication schemes, and soft materials and mechanics that enable the creation of such devices and discuss their capabilities in the context of freely-behaving subjects. Highlights of this class of devices includes wireless battery-free and fully implantable operation with capabilities in cell specific recording, multimodal neural stimulation and electrical, optogenetic and pharmacological neuromodulation capabilities. We conclude with discussion on translation of such technologies which promises routes towards broad dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cai
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Ave., Tucson, Arizona, 85719, UNITED STATES
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Ave., Tucson, Arizona, 85719, UNITED STATES
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Fontaine AK, Futia GL, Rajendran PS, Littich SF, Mizoguchi N, Shivkumar K, Ardell JL, Restrepo D, Caldwell JH, Gibson EA, Weir RFF. Optical vagus nerve modulation of heart and respiration via heart-injected retrograde AAV. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3664. [PMID: 33574459 PMCID: PMC7878800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation has shown many benefits for disease therapies but current approaches involve imprecise electrical stimulation that gives rise to off-target effects, while the functionally relevant pathways remain poorly understood. One method to overcome these limitations is the use of optogenetic techniques, which facilitate targeted neural communication with light-sensitive actuators (opsins) and can be targeted to organs of interest based on the location of viral delivery. Here, we tested whether retrograde adeno-associated virus (rAAV2-retro) injected in the heart can be used to selectively express opsins in vagus nerve fibers controlling cardiac function. Furthermore, we investigated whether perturbations in cardiac function could be achieved with photostimulation at the cervical vagus nerve. Viral injection in the heart resulted in robust, primarily afferent, opsin reporter expression in the vagus nerve, nodose ganglion, and brainstem. Photostimulation using both one-photon stimulation and two-photon holography with a GRIN-lens incorporated nerve cuff, was tested on the pilot-cohort of injected mice. Changes in heart rate, surface electrocardiogram, and respiratory responses were observed in response to both one- and two-photon photostimulation. The results demonstrate feasibility of retrograde labeling for organ targeted optical neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Fontaine
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Biomechatronics Development Laboratory, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Gregory L Futia
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pradeep S Rajendran
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel F Littich
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Biomechatronics Development Laboratory, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Naoko Mizoguchi
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John H Caldwell
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily A Gibson
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard F Ff Weir
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Biomechatronics Development Laboratory, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Aurora, CO, USA
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Michoud F, Seehus C, Schönle P, Brun N, Taub D, Zhang Z, Jain A, Furfaro I, Akouissi O, Moon R, Meier P, Galan K, Doyle B, Tetreault M, Talbot S, Browne LE, Huang Q, Woolf CJ, Lacour SP. Epineural optogenetic activation of nociceptors initiates and amplifies inflammation. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:179-185. [PMID: 32958958 PMCID: PMC7878280 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nociceptor sensory neurons by noxious stimuli both triggers pain and increases capillary permeability and blood flow to produce neurogenic inflammation1,2, but whether nociceptors also interact with the immune system remains poorly understood. Here we report a neurotechnology for selective epineural optogenetic neuromodulation of nociceptors and demonstrate that nociceptor activation drives both protective pain behavior and inflammation. The wireless optoelectronic system consists of sub-millimeter-scale light-emitting diodes embedded in a soft, circumneural sciatic nerve implant, powered and driven by a miniaturized head-mounted control unit. Photostimulation of axons in freely moving mice that express channelrhodopsin only in nociceptors resulted in behaviors characteristic of pain, reflecting orthodromic input to the spinal cord. It also led to immune reactions in the skin in the absence of inflammation and potentiation of established inflammation, a consequence of the antidromic activation of nociceptor peripheral terminals. These results reveal a link between nociceptors and immune cells, which might have implications for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Michoud
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corey Seehus
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Schönle
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noé Brun
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Taub
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zihe Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Furfaro
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Outman Akouissi
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Moon
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pascale Meier
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katia Galan
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Tetreault
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liam E Browne
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Qiuting Huang
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
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The intestinal neuro-immune axis: crosstalk between neurons, immune cells, and microbes. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:555-565. [PMID: 33542493 PMCID: PMC8075967 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by a complex network of neurons that coordinate critical physiological functions. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating the crosstalk between gut-innervating neurons, resident immune cells, and epithelial cells at homeostasis and during infection, food allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. We introduce the neuroanatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, detailing gut-extrinsic neuron populations from the spinal cord and brain stem, and neurons of the intrinsic enteric nervous system. We highlight the roles these neurons play in regulating the functions of innate immune cells, adaptive immune cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. We discuss the consequences of such signaling for mucosal immunity. Finally, we discuss how the intestinal microbiota is integrated into the neuro-immune axis by tuning neuronal and immune interactions. Understanding the molecular events governing the intestinal neuro-immune signaling axes will enhance our knowledge of physiology and may provide novel therapeutic targets to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Abstract
The electromechanical function of the heart involves complex, coordinated activity over time and space. Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias arise from asynchrony in these space-time events; therefore, therapies for prevention and treatment require fundamental understanding and the ability to visualize, perturb and control cardiac activity. Optogenetics combines optical and molecular biology (genetic) approaches for light-enabled sensing and actuation of electrical activity with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution and parallelism. The year 2020 marks a decade of developments in cardiac optogenetics since this technology was adopted from neuroscience and applied to the heart. In this Review, we appraise a decade of advances that define near-term (immediate) translation based on all-optical electrophysiology, including high-throughput screening, cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine assays, and long-term (aspirational) prospects for clinical translation of cardiac optogenetics, including new optical therapies for rhythm control. The main translational opportunities and challenges for optogenetics to be fully embraced in cardiology are also discussed.
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35
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Shahriari D, Rosenfeld D, Anikeeva P. Emerging Frontier of Peripheral Nerve and Organ Interfaces. Neuron 2020; 108:270-285. [PMID: 33120023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new tools to interface with the nervous system, empowered by advances in electronics and materials science, has transformed neuroscience and is informing therapies for neurological and mental conditions. Although the vast majority of neural engineering research has focused on advancing tools to study the brain, understanding the peripheral nervous system and other organs can similarly benefit from these technologies. To realize this vision, the neural interface technologies need to address the biophysical, mechanical, and chemical challenges posed by the peripheral nerves and organs. In this Perspective, we discuss design considerations and recent technological advances to modulate electrical signaling outside the central nervous system. The innovations in bioelectronics borne out of interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and physical scientists may not only advance fundamental study of peripheral (neuro)physiology but also empower clinical interventions for conditions including neurological, gastrointestinal, and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Shahriari
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dekel Rosenfeld
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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36
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Bansal H, Gupta N, Roy S. Theoretical Analysis of Low-power Bidirectional Optogenetic Control of High-frequency Neural Codes with Single Spike Resolution. Neuroscience 2020; 449:165-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mondello SE, Pedigo BD, Sunshine MD, Fischedick AE, Horner PJ, Moritz CT. A micro-LED implant and technique for optogenetic stimulation of the rat spinal cord. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113480. [PMID: 32991934 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, relatively few studies have used optogenetic stimulation to address basic science and therapeutic questions within the spinal cord. Even less have reported optogenetic stimulation in the rat spinal cord. This is likely due to a lack of accessible optogenetic implants. The development of a device that can be fabricated and operated by most laboratories, requiring no special equipment, would allow investigators to begin dissecting the functions of specific neuronal cell-types and circuitry within the spinal cord, as well as investigate therapies for spinal ailments like spinal cord injury. Here, we describe a long-term implantable μLED device designed for optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in awake, freely moving rats that is simple enough to be fabricated, implanted and operated by most laboratories. This device, which sits above the dorsal cord, can induce robust movements for at least 6 weeks without causing physical or thermal damage to the underlying spinal cord. In this regard, the presented μLED device could help tease apart the complexities of the spinal cord and uncover potential future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Mondello
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B D Pedigo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M D Sunshine
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A E Fischedick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P J Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C T Moritz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; University of Washington Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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38
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Fan L, Xiang B, Xiong J, He Z, Xiang H. Use of viruses for interrogating viscera-specific projections in central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108757. [PMID: 32371062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Each internal organ may perform many different functions under central regulation, yet how these processes are coordinated is poorly understood. The last three decades have witnessed a renaissance in tract tracing with genetically engineered strains of viruses that rapidly interrogate viscera-specific projections in the CNS. The application of novel methods to study cell type-specific projections through trans-synaptically transmitted virus 'label' highlights projections exclusively originating from neurons expressing a very specific molecular phenotype. This has opened the door to neuroanatomical studies interrogating organ-specific projections in the CNS at an unprecedented scale. In this contribution to the Special Issue we present an overview of the present state and of future opportunities in charting viscera-brain specific connectivity and in linking brain circuits to internal organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Boqi Xiang
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Xiong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, PR China.
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Jung YH, Kim JU, Lee JS, Shin JH, Jung W, Ok J, Kim TI. Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907478. [PMID: 32104960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid pace of progress in implantable electronics driven by novel technology has created devices with unconventional designs and features to reduce invasiveness and establish new sensing and stimulating techniques. Among the designs, injectable forms of biomedical electronics are explored for accurate and safe targeting of deep-seated body organs. Here, the classes of biomedical electronics and tools that have high aspect ratio structures designed to be injected or inserted into internal organs for minimally invasive monitoring and therapy are reviewed. Compared with devices in bulky or planar formats, the long shaft-like forms of implantable devices are easily placed in the organs with minimized outward protrusions via injection or insertion processes. Adding flexibility to the devices also enables effortless insertions through complex biological cavities, such as the cochlea, and enhances chronic reliability by complying with natural body movements, such as the heartbeat. Diverse types of such injectable implants developed for different organs are reviewed and the electronic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, and microfluidic devices that enable stimulations and measurements of site-specific regions in the body are discussed. Noninvasive penetration strategies to deliver the miniscule devices are also considered. Finally, the challenges and future directions associated with deep body biomedical electronics are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei Hwan Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Seung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyung Ok
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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40
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Das R, Moradi F, Heidari H. Biointegrated and Wirelessly Powered Implantable Brain Devices: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:343-358. [PMID: 31944987 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.2966920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Abstract
The contribution of nerves to the pathogenesis of malignancies has emerged as an important component of the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that peripheral nerves (sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory) interact with tumour and stromal cells to promote the initiation and progression of a variety of solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, new evidence suggests that cancers may reactivate nerve-dependent developmental and regenerative processes to promote their growth and survival. Here we review emerging concepts and discuss the therapeutic implications of manipulating nerves and neural signalling for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Zahalka
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Xu X, Mee T, Jia X. New era of optogenetics: from the central to peripheral nervous system. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:1-16. [PMID: 32070147 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics has recently gained recognition as a biological technique to control the activity of cells using light stimulation. Many studies have applied optogenetics to cell lines in the central nervous system because it has the potential to elucidate neural circuits, treat neurological diseases and promote nerve regeneration. There have been fewer studies on the application of optogenetics in the peripheral nervous system. This review introduces the basic principles and approaches of optogenetics and summarizes the physiology and mechanism of opsins and how the technology enables bidirectional control of unique cell lines with superior spatial and temporal accuracy. Further, this review explores and discusses the therapeutic potential for the development of optogenetics and its capacity to revolutionize treatment for refractory epilepsy, depression, pain, and other nervous system disorders, with a focus on neural regeneration, especially in the peripheral nervous system. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest preclinical research on optogenetic stimulation, including studies on non-human primates, summarizes the challenges, and highlights future perspectives. The potential of optogenetic stimulation to optimize therapy for peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) is also highlighted. Optogenetic technology has already generated exciting, preliminary evidence, supporting its role in applications to several neurological diseases, including PNIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Mee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lyons C, Razzoli M, Larson E, Svedberg D, Frontini A, Cinti S, Vulchanova L, Sanders M, Thomas M, Bartolomucci A. Optogenetic-induced sympathetic neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:2765-2773. [PMID: 31908033 PMCID: PMC7306786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that plays a major role in energy balance, obesity, and diabetes due to the potent glucose and lipid clearance that fuels its thermogenesis, which is largely mediated via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, thus far there has been little experimental validation of the hypothesis that selective neuromodulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT is sufficient to elicit thermogenesis in mice. We generated mice expressing blue light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT using two different strategies: injecting the BAT of C57Bl/6J mice with AAV6-hSyn-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP; crossbreeding tyrosine hydroxylase-Cre mice with floxed-stop ChR2-EYFP mice. The nerves in the BAT expressing ChR2 were selectively stimulated with a blue LED light positioned underneath the fat pad of anesthetized mice, while the BAT and core temperatures were simultaneously recorded. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the selective expression of EYFP in TH positive nerves fibers. In addition, local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves induced significant increase in the BAT temperature followed by an increase in core temperature in mice expressing ChR2, but not in the respective controls. The BAT activation was also paralleled by increased levels of pre-UCP1 transcript. Our results demonstrate that local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is sufficient to elicit BAT and core thermogenesis, thus suggesting that peripheral neuromodulation has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to pharmacotherapies to elicit organ activation and thus ameliorate type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Erin Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Sanders
- University Imaging Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
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Wang Y, Xie K, Yue H, Chen X, Luo X, Liao Q, Liu M, Wang F, Shi P. Flexible and fully implantable upconversion device for wireless optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in behaving animals. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2406-2414. [PMID: 31782467 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wireless optogenetics based on the upconversion technique has recently provided an effective and interference-free alternative for remote brain stimulation and inhibition in behaving animals, which is of great promise for neuroscience research. However, more versatile upconversion devices are yet to be implemented for neural tissues other than the brain. In this study, a flexible and fully implantable upconversion device was developed for epidural spinal cord stimulation. The upconversion device was fabricated via a straightforward, two-step, heat-pulling process using biocompatible thermoplastic polypropylene as a backbone, which is mixed with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to form a flexible optrode device that converts near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to visible light for the optogenetic manipulation of spinal cord tissues. In this system, the flexible upconversion device is fully implantable within the rigid spine structure, and shows excellent long-term biocompatibility even after a four-month experiment. In anesthetized mice, the UCNP device implanted at the L4 vertebra can be used to reliably evoke hindlimb muscular activity upon NIR triggering. In behaving mice, neural modulation by the same UCNP devices effectively inhibits the animals' movement as a result of remote spinal cord stimulation. We believe that the flexible upconversion device provides new possibilities for wireless neural modulation in spinal cord tissues, and will become a valuable supplement to the current tool sets of upconversion based wireless optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Haibing Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Qinghai Liao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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DePaoli D, Gasecka A, Bahdine M, Deschenes JM, Goetz L, Perez-Sanchez J, Bonin RP, De Koninck Y, Parent M, Côté DC. Anisotropic light scattering from myelinated axons in the spinal cord. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:015011. [PMID: 32206678 PMCID: PMC7063473 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.1.015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics has become an integral tool for studying and dissecting the neural circuitries of the brain using optical control. Recently, it has also begun to be used in the investigation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. However, information on these regions' optical properties is sparse. Moreover, there is a lack of data on the dependence of light propagation with respect to neural tissue organization and orientation. This information is important for effective simulations and optogenetic planning, particularly in the spinal cord where the myelinated axons are highly organized. To this end, we report experimental measurements for the scattering coefficient, validated with three different methods in both the longitudinal and radial directions of multiple mammalian spinal cords. In our analysis, we find that there is indeed a directional dependence of photon propagation when interacting with organized myelinated axons. Specifically, light propagating perpendicular to myelinated axons in the white matter of the spinal cord produced a measured reduced scattering coefficient ( μ s ' ) of 3.52 ± 0.1 mm - 1 , and light that was propagated along the myelinated axons in the white matter produced a measured μ s ' of 1.57 ± 0.03 mm - 1 , across the various species considered. This 50% decrease in scattering power along the myelinated axons is observed with three different measurement strategies (integrating spheres, observed transmittance, and punch-through method). Furthermore, this directional dependence in scattering power and overall light attenuation did not occur in the gray matter regions where the myelin organization is nearly random. The acquired information will be integral in preparing future light-transport simulations and in overall optogenetic planning in both the spinal cord and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon DePaoli
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alicja Gasecka
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Bahdine
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean M. Deschenes
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Goetz
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Robert P. Bonin
- University of Toronto, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel C. Côté
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Inutsuka A, Kimizuka N, Takanohashi N, Yakabu H, Onaka T. Visualization of a blue light transmission area in living animals using light-induced nuclear translocation of fluorescent proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is highly complicated and heterogenous. Conventional neuromodulatory approaches have revealed numerous essential biological functions of the PNS and provided excellent tools to treat a large variety of human diseases. Yet growing evidence indicated the importance of cell-type-specific neuromodulation in the PNS in not only biological research using animal models but also potential human therapies. Optogenetics is a recently developed neuromodulatory approach combining optics and genetics that can effectively stimulate or silence neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal precision. Here, I review research regarding optogenetic manipulations for cell-type-specific control of the PNS, highlighting the advantages and challenges of current optogenetic tools, and discuss their potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Zhu A, Qureshi AA, Kozin ED, Lee DJ. Concepts in Neural Stimulation: Electrical and Optical Modulation of the Auditory Pathways. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2019; 53:31-43. [PMID: 31685241 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of neural stimulation is necessary to improve the management of sensory disorders. Neurons can be artificially stimulated using electrical current, or with newer stimulation modalities, including optogenetics. Electrical stimulation forms the basis for all neuroprosthetic devices that are used clinically. Off-target stimulation and poor implant performance remain concerns for patients with electrically based neuroprosthetic devices. Optogenetic techniques may improve cranial nerve stimulation strategies used by various neuroprostheses and result in better patient outcomes. This article reviews the fundamentals of neural stimulation and provides an overview of recent major advancements in light-based neuromodulation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ahad A Qureshi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elliott D Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Hasegawa S, Inoue T, Inagi R. Neuroimmune interactions and kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:282-294. [PMID: 31422643 PMCID: PMC6727900 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.19.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays critical roles in maintaining homeostasis in humans, directly regulating inflammation by altering the activity of the immune system. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a well-studied neuroimmune interaction involving the vagus nerve. CD4-positive T cells expressing β2 adrenergic receptors and macrophages expressing the alpha 7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the spleen receive neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine and are key mediators of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Recent studies have demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation, ultrasound, and restraint stress elicit protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. These protective effects are induced primarily via activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In addition to these immunological roles, nervous systems are directly related to homeostasis of renal physiology. Whole-kidney three-dimensional visualization using the tissue clearing technique CUBIC (clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis) has illustrated that renal sympathetic nerves are primarily distributed around arteries in the kidneys and denervated after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In contrast, artificial renal sympathetic denervation has a protective effect against kidney disease progression in murine models. Further studies are needed to elucidate how neural networks are involved in progression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hasegawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Michoud F, Sottas L, Browne LE, Asboth L, Latremoliere A, Sakuma M, Courtine G, Woolf CJ, Lacour SP. Optical cuff for optogenetic control of the peripheral nervous system. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:015002. [PMID: 28978778 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) contain axons with specific motor, somatosensory and autonomic functions. Optogenetics offers an efficient approach to selectively activate axons within the nerve. However, the heterogeneous nature of nerves and their tortuous route through the body create a challenging environment to reliably implant a light delivery interface. APPROACH Here, we propose an optical peripheral nerve interface-an optocuff-, so that optogenetic modulation of peripheral nerves become possible in freely behaving mice. MAIN RESULTS Using this optocuff, we demonstrate orderly recruitment of motor units with epineural optical stimulation of genetically targeted sciatic nerve axons, both in anaesthetized and in awake, freely behaving animals. Behavioural experiments and histology show the optocuff does not damage the nerve thus is suitable for long-term experiments. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the soft optocuff might be a straightforward and efficient tool to support more extensive study of the PNS using optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Michoud
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America. FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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