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Krishnappa M, Abraham S, Furtado SC, Krishnamurthy S, Rifaya A, Asiri YI, Chidambaram K, Pavadai P. An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach to Formulate Tamanu Oil Bigels as Anti-Scarring Agent. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:102. [PMID: 38256935 PMCID: PMC10818744 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamanu oil has traditionally been used to treat various skin problems. The oil has wound-healing and skin-regenerating capabilities and encourages the growth of new skin cells, all of which are helpful for fading scars and hyperpigmentation, as well as promoting an all-around glow. The strong nutty odor and high viscosity are the major disadvantages associated with its application. The aim of this study was to create bigels using tamanu oil for its anti-scarring properties and predict the possible mechanism of action through the help of molecular docking studies. In silico studies were performed to analyze the binding affinity of the protein with the drug, and the anti-scarring activity was established using a full-thickness excision wound model. In silico studies revealed that the components inophyllum C, 4-norlanosta-17(20),24-diene-11,16-diol-21-oic acid, 3-oxo-16,21-lactone, calanolide A, and calophyllolide had docking scores of -11.3 kcal/mol, -11.1 kcal/mol, -9.8 kcal/mol, and -8.6 kcal/mol, respectively, with the cytokine TGF-β1 receptor. Bigels were prepared with tamanu oil ranging from 5 to 20% along with micronized xanthan gum and evaluated for their pH, viscosity, and spreadability. An acute dermal irritation study in rabbits showed no irritation, erythema, eschar, or edema. In vivo excisional wound-healing studies performed on Wistar rats and subsequent histopathological studies showed that bigels had better healing properties when compared to the commercial formulation (MurivennaTM oil). This study substantiates the wound-healing and scar reduction potential of tamanu oil bigels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Krishnappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru 56054, Karnataka, India; (M.K.); (S.C.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Sindhu Abraham
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru 56054, Karnataka, India; (M.K.); (S.C.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Sharon Caroline Furtado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru 56054, Karnataka, India; (M.K.); (S.C.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Shwetha Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru 56054, Karnataka, India; (M.K.); (S.C.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Aynul Rifaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Erode Sengunther Engineering College, Erode 638057, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Yahya I. Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India
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Khalymbadzha IA, Fatykhov RF, Butorin II, Sharapov AD, Potapova AP, Muthipeedika NJ, Zyryanov GV, Melekhin VV, Tokhtueva MD, Deev SL, Kukhanova MK, Mochulskaya NN, Tsurkan MV. Bioinspired Pyrano[2,3- f]chromen-8-ones: Ring C-Opened Analogues of Calanolide A: Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Evaluation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:44. [PMID: 38248618 PMCID: PMC10813249 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a series of bioinspired pyrano[2,3-f]coumarin-based Calanolide A analogs with anti-HIV activity. The design of these new calanolide analogs involved incorporating nitrogen heterocycles or aromatic groups in lieu of ring C, effectively mimicking and preserving their bioactive properties. Three directions for the synthesis were explored: reaction of 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-10-propyl-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-8-one with (i) 1,2,4-triazines, (ii) sulfonylation followed by Suzuki cross-coupling with (het)aryl boronic acids, and (iii) aminomethylation by Mannich reaction. Antiviral assay of the synthesized compounds showed that compound 4 has moderate activity against HIV-1 on enzymes and poor activity on the cell model. A molecular docking study demonstrates a good correlation between in silico and in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of the compounds when docked to the nonnucleoside RT inhibitor binding site, and alternative binding modes of the considered analogs of Calanolide A were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Khalymbadzha
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Ramil F. Fatykhov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Ilya I. Butorin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Ainur D. Sharapov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Anastasia P. Potapova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Nibin Joy Muthipeedika
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Melekhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria D. Tokhtueva
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Sergey L. Deev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
| | | | - Nataliya N. Mochulskaya
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.F.F.); (I.I.B.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.P.); (N.J.M.); (G.V.Z.); (V.V.M.); (M.D.T.); (S.L.D.); (N.N.M.)
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Sharapov AD, Fatykhov RF, Khalymbadzha IA, Zyryanov GV, Chupakhin ON, Tsurkan MV. Plant Coumarins with Anti-HIV Activity: Isolation and Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2839. [PMID: 36769163 PMCID: PMC9917851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes and systematizes the literature on the anti-HIV activity of plant coumarins with emphasis on isolation and the mechanism of their antiviral action. This review summarizes the information on the anti-HIV properties of simple coumarins as well as annulated furano- and pyranocoumarins and shows that coumarins of plant origin can act by several mechanisms: inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase and integrase, inhibition of cellular factors that regulate HIV-1 replication, and transmission of viral particles from infected macrophages to healthy ones. It is important to note that some pyranocoumarins are able to act through several mechanisms or bind to several sites, which ensures the resistance of these compounds to HIV mutations. Here we review the last two decades of research on the anti-HIV activity of naturally occurring coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur D. Sharapov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ramil F. Fatykhov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor A. Khalymbadzha
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Rajendran R, Chathambath A, Al-Sehemi AG, Pannipara M, Unnikrishnan MK, Aleya L, Raghavan RP, Mathew B. Critical role of nitric oxide in impeding COVID-19 transmission and prevention: a promising possibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38657-38672. [PMID: 35258738 PMCID: PMC8902850 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a serious respiratory infection caused by a beta-coronavirus that is closely linked to SARS. Hypoxemia is a symptom of infection, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Augmenting supplementary oxygen may not always improve oxygen saturation; reversing hypoxemia in COVID-19 necessitates sophisticated means to promote oxygen transfer from alveoli to blood. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been shown to inhibit the multiplication of the respiratory coronavirus, a property that distinguishes it from other vasodilators. These findings imply that NO may have a crucial role in the therapy of COVID-19, indicating research into optimal methods to restore pulmonary physiology. According to clinical and experimental data, NO is a selective vasodilator proven to restore oxygenation by helping to normalize shunts and ventilation/perfusion mismatches. This study examines the role of NO in COVID-19 in terms of its specific physiological and biochemical properties, as well as the possibility of using inhaled NO as a standard therapy. We have also discussed how NO could be used to prevent and cure COVID-19, in addition to the limitations of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anjana Chathambath
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, CNRS6249, Besancon, France
| | - Roshni Pushpa Raghavan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
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5
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Benalia A, Abdeldjebar H, Badji TE. Computational Docking Study of Calanolides as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv10i1p48-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the nationwide effort provided to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, we have yet to approve a specific antiviral treatment against the SARS-CoV-2. We have studied the molecular interactions between two anti-HIV-1 natural drugs, +(-) calanolide A and -(-) calanolide B, and the active site of 3CLpro through a computational docking method. Our promising results show that the two compounds of this study are potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro through strong binding to its catalytic dyad. Considering its progress in clinical trials as an anti-HIV-1 treatment, we suggest that +(-) calanolide A is a good candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Serna-Arbeláez MS, Florez-Sampedro L, Orozco LP, Ramírez K, Galeano E, Zapata W. Natural Products with Inhibitory Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Adv Virol 2021; 2021:5552088. [PMID: 34194504 PMCID: PMC8181102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5552088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered one of the main public health problems worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the current modality of treatment for HIV-1 infection. It comprises the combined use of several drugs and can decrease the viral load and increase the CD4+ T cell count in patients with HIV-1 infection, thereby proving to be an effective modality. This therapy significantly decreases the rate of morbidity and mortality owing to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prolongs and improves the quality of life of infected patients. However, nonadherence to ART may increase viral resistance to antiretroviral drugs and transmission of drug-resistant strains of HIV. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research for compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity, exhibiting a potential for the development of an alternative or complementary therapy to ART with low cost and fewer side effects. Natural products and their derivatives represent an excellent option owing to their therapeutic potential against HIV. Currently, the derivatives of natural products available as anti-HIV-1 agents include zidovudine, an arabinonucleoside derivative of the Caribbean marine sponge (Tectitethya crypta), which inhibits the reverse transcriptase of the virus. This was the first antiviral agent approved for treatment of HIV infection. Additionally, bevirimat (isolated from Syzygium claviflorum) and calanolide A (isolated from Calophyllum sp.) are inhibitors of viral maturation and reverse transcription process, respectively. In the present review, we aimed to describe the wide repertoire of natural compounds exhibiting anti-HIV-1 activity that can be considered for designing new therapeutic strategies to curb the HIV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Serna-Arbeláez
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Laura Florez-Sampedro
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina P. Orozco
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Katherin Ramírez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elkin Galeano
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wildeman Zapata
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
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Kumar D, Sharma P, Shabu, Kaur R, Lobe MMM, Gupta GK, Ntie-Kang F. In search of therapeutic candidates for HIV/AIDS: rational approaches, design strategies, structure-activity relationship and mechanistic insights. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17936-17964. [PMID: 35480193 PMCID: PMC9033207 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a serious threat to the health and development of mankind, which has affected about 37.9 million people worldwide. The increasing negative health, economic and social impacts of this disease have led to the search for new therapeutic candidates for the mitigation of AIDS/HIV. However, to date, there is still no treatment that can cure this disease. Furthermore, the clinically available drugs have numerous severe side effects. Hence, the synthesis of novel agents from natural leads is one of the rational approaches to obtain new drugs in modern medicinal chemistry. This review article is an effort to summarize recent developments with regards to the discovery of novel analogs with promising biological potential against HIV/AIDS. Herein, we also aim to discuss prospective directions on the progress of more credible and specific analogues. Besides presenting design strategies, the present communication also highlights the structure-activity relationship together with the structural features of the most promising molecules, their IC50 values, mechanistic insights and some interesting key findings revealed during their biological evaluation. The interactions with the amino acid residues of the enzymes responsible for HIV-1 inhibition are also discussed. This collection will be of great interest for researchers working in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy Manawala Amritsar-143001 Punjab India +91-9988902489
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy Manawala Amritsar-143001 Punjab India +91-9988902489
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala India
| | - Shabu
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM) Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy Manawala Amritsar-143001 Punjab India +91-9988902489
| | - Maloba M M Lobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea P. O. Box 63 Buea Cameroon +237 685625811
| | - Girish K Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy Badhani Pathankot-145001 Punjab India
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea P. O. Box 63 Buea Cameroon +237 685625811
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany +49 3455525043
- Institute of Botany, Technical University of Dresden Zellescher Weg 20b 01062 Dresden Germany
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Uckun FM, Venkatachalam T. Targeting Solid Tumors With BTK Inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650414. [PMID: 33937249 PMCID: PMC8079762 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The repurposing of FDA-approved Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors as therapeutic agents for solid tumors may offer renewed hope for chemotherapy-resistant cancer patients. Here we review the emerging evidence regarding the clinical potential of BTK inhibitors in solid tumor therapy. The use of BTK inhibitors may through lead optimization and translational research lead to the development of new and effective combination regimens for metastatic and/or therapy-refractory solid tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Ares Pharmaceuticals, LLC, St. Paul, MN, United States
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9
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Xu Z, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Liang C. Coumarin-based derivatives with potential anti-HIV activity. Fitoterapia 2021; 150:104863. [PMID: 33582266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection which leads to severe suppression of immune functions, is an enormous world-wide health threat. The anti-HIV agents are critical for the HIV/AIDS therapy, but the generation of viral mutants and the severe side effects of the anti-HIV agents pose serious hurdles in the treatment of HIV infection, and creat an urgent need to develop novel anti-HIV agents. The plant-derived compounds possess structural and mechanistic diversity, and among them, coumarin-based derivatives have the potential to inhibit different stages in the HIV replication cycle, inclusive of virus-host cell attachment, cell membrane fusion, integration, assembly besides the conventional target like inhibition of the reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase. Moreover, (+)-calanolide A, a coumarin-based natural product, is a potential anti-HIV agent. Thus, coumarin-based derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of anti-HIV agents. This review article describes the recent progress in the discovery, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship studies of potent anti-HIV coumarin-based derivatives including natural coumarin compounds, synthetic hybrids, dimers, and other synthetic derivatives covering articles published between 2000 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Huanghuai University Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingtai Chen
- Huanghuai University Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Huanghuai University Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Liang
- Huanghuai University Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China.
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Nan G, Zhan J, Yuan C, Wen L, Li M. NEt 3-Promoted Construction of Functionalized 4 H-Chromenes via [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of ortho-Quinone Methides with β-Ketothioamides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gurung AB, Ali MA, Lee J, Farah MA, Al-Anazi KM. The potential of Paritaprevir and Emetine as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1426-1432. [PMID: 33281478 PMCID: PMC7708801 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a well-characterized therapeutic target which is a key player driving the viral replication and transcription machinery. The recent elucidation of the experimental structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp enzyme complexed with triphosphate form of Remdesivir (RTP) has opened an avenue for structure-based identification of potent inhibitors. Given the high mortality rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lack of effective therapeutics against it, an alternative for safe and speedy drug discovery needs to be sought after. One promising strategy could be to explore the possibility for repurposing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antiviral drugs and antiviral phytocompounds. In the present study, a set of FDA approved antiviral drugs and antiviral phytocompounds were screened for their ability to bind within the RdRp enzyme active pocket. The top 3 hits among the FDA approved drugs were Paritaprevir (D33), Rilpivirine (D19) and Simeprevir (D31) which scored binding energies between −8.08 kcal/mol and −10.46 kcal/mol. Emetine (P5), 7,4-di-O-galloyltricetifavan (P28) and Oleanolic acid (P17) were the top three phytocompounds hits and exhibited binding energies ranging from −7.81 kcal/mol to −8.17 kcal/mol. These drugs and phytocompounds were able to establish hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues-Asp760 and Asp761 and hydrophobic interactions with neighbouring residues. Further, the physicochemical properties of the molecules were evaluated. These identified potential inhibitors warrant further experimental investigations before their acceptance as drug candidates for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mashay Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Nahar L, Talukdar AD, Nath D, Nath S, Mehan A, Ismail FMD, Sarker SD. Naturally Occurring Calanolides: Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Pharmacological Properties Including Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:E4983. [PMID: 33126458 PMCID: PMC7663239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calanolides are tetracyclic 4-substituted dipyranocoumarins. Calanolide A, isolated from the leaves and twigs of Calophyllum lanigerum var. austrocoriaceum (Whitmore) P. F. Stevens, is the first member of this group of compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity mediated by reverse transcriptase inhibition. Calanolides are classified pharmacologically as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI). There are at least 15 naturally occurring calanolides distributed mainly within the genus Calophyllum, but some of them are also present in the genus Clausena. Besides significant anti-HIV properties, which have been exploited towards potential development of new NNRTIs for anti-HIV therapy, calanolides have also been found to possess anticancer, antimicrobial and antiparasitic potential. This review article provides a comprehensive update on all aspects of naturally occurring calanolides, including their chemistry, natural occurrence, biosynthesis, pharmacological and toxicological aspects including mechanism of action and structure activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potentials and available patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India;
| | - Deepa Nath
- Department of Botany, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam 788004, India;
| | - Sushmita Nath
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (S.N.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Aman Mehan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OSP, UK;
| | - Fyaz M. D. Ismail
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (S.N.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (S.N.); (F.M.D.)
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13
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Siddiqui AJ, Danciu C, Ashraf SA, Moin A, Singh R, Alreshidi M, Patel M, Jahan S, Kumar S, Alkhinjar MIM, Badraoui R, Snoussi M, Adnan M. Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091244. [PMID: 32967179 PMCID: PMC7570315 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the presence of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules with antiviral properties might also be a successful strategy in order to develop therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this review will summarize the available literature and other information/data sources related to antiviral medicinal plants, with possible ethnobotanical evidence in correlation with coronaviruses. The identification of novel antiviral compounds is of critical significance, and medicinal plant based natural compounds are a good source for such discoveries. In depth search and analysis revealed several medicinal plants with excellent efficacy against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are well-known to act on ACE-2 receptor, 3CLpro and other viral protein targets. In this review, we have consolidated the data of several medicinal plants and their natural bioactive metabolites, which have promising antiviral activities against coronaviruses with detailed modes of action/mechanism. It is concluded that this review will be useful for researchers worldwide and highly recommended for the development of naturally safe and effective therapeutic drugs/agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be used in therapeutic protocols alone or in combination with chemically synthetized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India;
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India;
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah 15341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India;
| | - Mulfi I. M. Alkhinjar
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
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14
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Kaur R, Sharma P, Gupta GK, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar D. Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E2070. [PMID: 32365518 PMCID: PMC7249135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which chiefly originatesfroma retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has impacted about 70 million people worldwide. Even though several advances have been made in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV is still responsible for a considerable number of deaths in Africa. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. Presently, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate drugs derived from plants as well as their derivatives. Several plants, such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity. Here, weattempt to summarize the main results, which focus on the structures of most potent plant-based natural products having anti-HIV activity along with their mechanisms of action and IC50 values, structure-activity-relationships and important key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Girish K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot 145001, India;
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
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15
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The Genus Calophyllum: Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7191991 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1394-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The species of genus Calophyllum have been reported for several ethnomedicinal uses in the traditional systems of medicine. The scientific study of the genus Calophyllum revealed that it is a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. These phytochemicals have shown a wide range of biological activities. Some of these have reached to the clinical developmental stage. The Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil has been proved to be an acceptable sustainable source of biodiesel. Few species of the genus are endangered and have been included in the red list of threatened species by the IUCN Red List. Owing to the importance of the genus a review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology has been carried out. It will further help to explore the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals for health benefits.
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16
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Pandey A, Khan MK, Hamurcu M, Gezgin S. Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568890. [PMID: 33178237 PMCID: PMC7593249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The sudden emergence of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus (nCoV) led the entire world to search for relevant solutions to fight the pandemic. Although continuous trials are being conducted to develop precise vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, a potential remedy is yet to be developed. Plants have largely contributed to the treatment of several human diseases and different phytoconstituents have been previously described to impede the replication of numerous viruses. Despite the previous positive reports of plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials of phyto-anti-COVID drugs could be conducted to date. In this article, we discuss varying perspectives on why phyto-anti-viral drug clinical trials were not successful in the case of COVID-19. The issue has been discussed in light of the usage of plant-based therapeutics in previous coronavirus outbreaks. Through this article, we aim to identify the disadvantages in this research area and suggest some measures to ensure that phytoconstituents can efficiently contribute to future random viral outbreaks. It is emphasized that if used strategically phyto-inhibitors with pre-established clinical data for other diseases can save the time required for long clinical trials. The scientific community should competently tap into phytoconstituents and take their research up to the final stage of clinical trials so that potential phyto-anti-COVID drugs can be developed.
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17
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Wang Y, Wang X, Xiong Y, Kaushik AC, Muhammad J, Khan A, Dai H, Wei DQ. New strategy for identifying potential natural HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against drug-resistance: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3327-3341. [PMID: 31422767 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1656673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), specifically targeting the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), play a unique role in anti-AIDS agents due to their high antiviral potency, structural diversity, and low toxicity in antiretroviral combination therapies used to treat HIV. However, due to the emergence of new drug-resistant strains, the development of novel NNRTIs with adequate potency, improved resistance profiles and less toxicity is highly required. In this work, a novel virtual screening strategy combined with structure-based drug design was proposed to discover the potential inhibitors against drug-resistant HIV strains. Seven structure-variant RTs, ranging from the wild type to a hypothetical multi-mutant were regarded as target proteins to perform structure-based virtual screening. Totally 23 small molecules with good binding affinity were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine database (TCM) as potential NNRTIs candidates. Among these hits, (+)-Hinokinin has confirmed anti-HIV activity, and some hits are structurally identical with anti-HIV compounds. Almost all these hits are consistent with external experimental results. Molecular simulations analysis revealed that top 2 hits (Pallidisetin A and Pallidisetin B) bind stably and in high affinity to HIV-RT, which are ready to be experimental confirmed. These results suggested that the strategy we proposed is feasible, trustworthy and effective. Our finding might be helpful in the identification of novel NNRTIs against drug-resistant, and also provide a new clue for the discovery of HIV drugs in natural products.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aman Chandra Kaushik
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junaid Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abbas Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Pawlowski R, Stanek F, Stodulski M. Recent Advances on Metal-Free, Visible-Light- Induced Catalysis for Assembling Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Based Heterocyclic Scaffolds. Molecules 2019; 24:E1533. [PMID: 31003464 PMCID: PMC6515354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles are important class of structures, which occupy a major space in the domain of natural and bioactive compounds. For this reason, development of new synthetic strategies for their controllable synthesis became of special interests. The development of novel photoredox systems with wide-range application in organic synthesis is particularly interesting. Organic dyes have been widely applied as photoredox catalysts in organic synthesis. Their low costs compared to the typical photocatalysts based on transition metals make them an excellent alternative. This review describes proceedings since 2015 in the area of application of metal-free, visible-light-mediated catalysis for assembling various heterocyclic scaffolds containing five- and six-membered rings bearing nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pawlowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Filip Stanek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Stodulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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A Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of (E)‐3‐Benzylidenechroman‐4‐ones. Chemistry 2019; 25:3521-3524. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Abstract
The study of natural products in biomedical research is not a modern concept. Many of the most successful medical therapeutics are derived from natural products, including those studied in the field of HIV/AIDS. Biomedical research has a rich history of discovery based on screens of medicinal herbs and traditional medicine practices. Compounds derived from natural products, which repress HIV and those that activate latent HIV, have been reported. It is important to remember the tradition in medical research to derive therapies based on these natural products and to overcome the negative perception of natural products as an "alternative medicine."
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C. Cary
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - B. Matija Peterlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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21
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Ashitha K, Praveen Kumar V, Fathimath Salfeena C, Sasidhar BS. BF3·OEt2-Mediated Tandem Annulation: A Strategy To Construct Functionalized Chromeno- and Pyrano-Fused Pyridines. J Org Chem 2017; 83:113-124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.T. Ashitha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - V. Praveen Kumar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - C.T. Fathimath Salfeena
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - B. S. Sasidhar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
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22
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Recent developments of coumarin-containing derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Wu X, Zhang Q, Guo J, Jia Y, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Yang Y, Wang B, Hu J, Sheng L, Li Y. Metabolism of F18, a Derivative of Calanolide A, in Human Liver Microsomes and Cytosol. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:479. [PMID: 28769808 PMCID: PMC5515859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
10-Chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide (F18), an analog of calanolide A, is a novel potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor against HIV-1. Here, we report the metabolic profile and the results of associated biochemical studies of F18 in vitro and in vivo. The metabolites of F18 were identified based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and/or nuclear magnetic resonance. Twenty-three metabolites of F18 were observed in liver microsomes in vitro. The metabolism of F18 involved 4-propyl chain oxidation, 10-chloromethyl oxidative dechlorination and 12-carbonyl reduction. Three metabolites (M1, M3-1, and M3-2) were also found in rat blood after oral administration of F18 and the reduction metabolites M3-1 and M3-2 were found to exhibit high potency for the inhibition of HIV-1 in vitro. The oxidative metabolism of F18 was mainly catalyzed by cytochrome P450 3A4 in human microsomes, whereas flavin-containing monooxygenases and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were found to be involved in its carbonyl reduction. In human cytosol, multiple carbonyl reductases, including aldo-keto reductase 1C, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and quinone oxidoreductase 1, were demonstrated to be responsible for F18 carbonyl reduction. In conclusion, the in vitro metabolism of F18 involves multiple drug metabolizing enzymes, and several metabolites exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities. Notably, the described results provide the first demonstration of the capability of FMOs for carbonyl reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jiamei Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yufei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Manman Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yakun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Baolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Li Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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24
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Gómez-Verjan J, Rodríguez-Hernández K, Reyes-Chilpa R. Bioactive Coumarins and Xanthones From Calophyllum Genus and Analysis of Their Druglikeness and Toxicological Properties. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017; 53. [PMCID: PMC7152109 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calophyllum spp. (Calophyllaceae) is a genus of tropical trees valued in the chemopharmacological industry as an important source of biogenetically related coumarins and xanthones, which can lead to the development of new drugs due to their relevant pharmacological activities and diversity of molecular structural. These compounds have relevant pharmacological activities, such as: cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (especially leukemia), parasites (Plasmodium, Leshmania, and Trypanosoma), retroviruses (e.g., HIV), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chemoinformatic and toxicoinformatic tools were used here to perform a computational analysis of 70 coumarins and 70 xanthones isolated from this genus in order to explore their potential as new drugs. Most coumarins from this genus possess similar patterns of druglikeness with differences in its physicochemical properties. Xanthones, on the other hand, show quite similar physicochemical properties and druglikeness. It is interesting to note that the vast majority of these compounds (57 coumarins and 59 xanthones) are in compliance with Lipinski´s Rule of Five. Remarkably, two xanthones (2-hydroxyxanthone and caledonixanthone-B) have leadlikeness potential that accordingly with chemoinformatic analysis may target MAO A and B, respectively, and therefore may exhibit antidepressant potential. These compounds also target tyrosine-phosphorilation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) which is over-expressed in a variety of hematological and brain cancers, therefore they could act as anticancer compounds. Several toxicological predictions were also depicted. Coumarins could be an irritant and may affect the reproductive system, while xanthones may have mutagenic results. To our knowledge, this is the first chemoinformatic report on the main active compounds of this genus and its potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Gómez-Verjan
- Department of Basic Research, National Institute of Geriatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - R. Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México,Corresponding author:
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Costa M, Dias TA, Brito A, Proença F. Biological importance of structurally diversified chromenes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:487-507. [PMID: 27494166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Compounds incorporating the chromene scaffold are largely present in natural products and display a wide variety of biological activities. Their low toxicity combined to the broad pharmacological properties have inspired medicinal chemists in the search for new therapeutic agents. This review covers the literature between 1993 and on the biological activity of 2H- and 4H-chromenes, both from natural and synthetic origin. Includes a section that identifies a selection of chromene-based natural products, followed by recent literature on bioactive natural chromenes and the corresponding source, covering plants and fruits. Synthetic chromenes are equally important and a separate section addresses the use of these derivatives as new leads for drug discovery. Different biological targets were identified, namely those associated with anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and antipsychotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tatiana A Dias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Brito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Proença
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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Zhang Z, Hamatake R, Hong Z. Clinical Utility of Current NNRTIs and Perspectives of New Agents in This Class under Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:121-34. [PMID: 15266894 DOI: 10.1177/095632020401500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the number of deaths caused by AIDS. However, the antiviral efficacy of HAART comprising protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is frequently accompanied by a decrease in patients' quality of life. PI-based therapies often fail due to poor adherence caused by heavy pill burden, complex dosing schedules and undesirable side effects. The current trend is to switch from PI-based to PI-sparing regimens consisting of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and NRTIs. Despite some encouraging results from NNRTI-containing therapies, two major concerns in using the currently available NNRTIs remain: 1) low genetic barrier to the emergence of resistance and 2) cross-resistance due to single mutations that often render the whole class of NNRTIs ineffective. Clearly, new and improved NNRTIs are needed to address these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Costa Mesa, Calif., USA.
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Risk assessment of Soulatrolide and Mammea (A/BA+A/BB) coumarins from Calophyllum brasiliense by a toxicogenomic and toxicological approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:117-29. [PMID: 26995226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae) is a tropical rain forest tree distributed in Central and South America. It is an important source of tetracyclic dipyrano coumarins (Soulatrolide) and Mammea type coumarins. Soulatrolide is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and displays activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Meanwhile, Mammea A/BA and A/BB, pure or as a mixture, are highly active against several human leukemia cell lines, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis. Nevertheless, there are few studies evaluating their safety profile. In the present work we performed toxicogenomic and toxicological analysis for both type of compounds. Soulatrolide, and the Mammea A/BA + A/BB mixture (2.1) were slightly toxic accordingly to Lorke assay classification (DL50 > 3000 mg/kg). After a short-term administration (100 mg/kg/daily, orally, 1 week) liver toxicogenomic analysis revealed 46 up and 72 downregulated genes for Mammea coumarins, and 665 up and 1077 downregulated genes for Soulatrolide. Gene enrichment analysis identified transcripts involved in drug metabolism for both compounds. In addition, network analysis through protein-protein interactions, tissue evaluation by TUNEL assay, and histological examination revealed no tissue damage on liver, kidney and spleen after treatments. Our results indicate that both type of coumarins displayed a safety profile, supporting their use in further preclinical studies to determine its therapeutic potential.
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Kurapati KRV, Atluri VS, Samikkannu T, Garcia G, Nair MPN. Natural Products as Anti-HIV Agents and Role in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND): A Brief Overview. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1444. [PMID: 26793166 PMCID: PMC4709506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the threat of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) persists to rise, effective drug treatments are required to treat the infected people. Even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) provides stable viral suppression, it is not devoid of undesirable side effects, especially in persons undergoing long-term treatment. The present therapy finds its limitations in the emergence of multidrug resistance and accordingly finding new drugs and novel targets is the need of the hour to treat the infected persons and further to attack HIV reservoirs in the body like brain, lymph nodes to achieve the ultimate goal of complete eradication of HIV and AIDS. Natural products such as plant-originated compounds and plant extracts have enormous potential to become drug leads with anti-HIV and neuroprotective activity. Accordingly, many research groups are exploring the biodiversity of the plant kingdom to find new and better anti-HIV drugs with novel mechanisms of action and for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The basic challenge that still persists is to develop viral replication-targeted therapy using novel anti-HIV compounds with new mode of action, accepted toxicity and less resistance profile. Against this backdrop, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested the need to evaluate ethno-medicines for the management of HIV/AIDS. Consequently, there is need to evaluate traditional medicine, particularly medicinal plants and other natural products that may yield effective and affordable therapeutic agents. Although there are a good number of reports on traditional uses of plants to treat various diseases, knowledge of herbal remedies used to manage HIV/AIDS and HAND are scanty, vague and not well documented. In this review, plant substances showing a promising action that is anti-HIV and HAND will be explored along with what they interact. Since some plant substances are also known to modulate several cellular factors which are also involved in the replication of HIV and hence their role as potential candidates will be discussed. HIV/AIDS being an exceptional epidemic, demands an exceptional approach and that forms very much focus for the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Madhavan P. N. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, MiamiFL, USA
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Talele HR, Hussain F, Bedekar AV. Synthesis and Characterization of New Helical Coumarins. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish R. Talele
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Firasat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, North Campus; University of Delhi; Delhi 110 007 India
| | - Ashutosh V. Bedekar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
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Trends in the chemical and pharmacological research on the tropical trees Calophyllum brasiliense and Calophyllum inophyllum, a global context. Scientometrics 2015; 105:1019-1030. [PMID: 32214549 PMCID: PMC7089286 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-015-1715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tropical trees of Calophyllum genus (Calophyllaceae) have chemical and biological importance as potential source of secondary active metabolites which can lead to the development of new drugs. Research on this species has been rising since 1992 due to the discovering of anti-HIV properties of Calanolide A found in Calophyllum inophyllum leaves. This compound is the most important natural product for potential development of new anti-HIV drugs and phytomedicines. The scientometric analysis (1953–2014) here performed revealed that the most studied species of Calophyllum genus are: C. inophyllum and C. brasiliense, distributed in the Asian, and American continents, respectively. Current research on these species is carried out mainly in India and Brazil, respectively, where these species grow. Research on C. brasiliense is focused mainly on ecological, antiparasitic, cytotoxic properties, and isolation of new compounds. Chemical studies and biodiesel development are the main topics in the case of C. inophyllum. Text mining analysis revealed that coumarins, and xanthones are the main secondary active metabolites responsible for most of the reported pharmacological properties, and are potential compounds for the treatment of leukemia and against intracellular parasites causing American Trypanosomiasis and Leshmaniasis. On the other hand, C. inophyllum represents an important source for the development of 2nd generation biodiesel. Medicinal and industrial applications of these species may impulse sustainable forest plantations. To our knowledge this is the first scientometric and text mining analysis of chemical and biomedical research on Calophyllum genus, C. brasiliense and C. inophyllum.
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Kostova I, Raleva S, Genova P, Argirova R. Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Derived Natural Coumarins and their Analogues as Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Type 1 (HIV-1) Agents. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Rizzo S, Wakchaure V, Waldmann H. Natural Product-Derived and Natural Product-Inspired Compound Collections. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527676545.ch02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pan W, Liu K, Guan Y, Tan GT, Hung NV, Cuong NM, Soejarto DD, Pezzuto JM, Fong HHS, Zhang H. Bioactive compounds from Vitex leptobotrys. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:663-7. [PMID: 24404757 PMCID: PMC4068261 DOI: 10.1021/np400779v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new lignan, vitexkarinol (1), as well as a known lignan, neopaulownin (2), a known chalcone, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (3), two known dehydroflavones, tsugafolin (4) and alpinetin (5), two known dipeptides, aurantiamide and aurantiamide acetate, a known sesquiterpene, vemopolyanthofuran, and five known carotenoid metabolites, vomifoliol, dihydrovomifoliol, dehydrovomifoliol, loliolide, and isololiolide, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Vitex leptobotrys through bioassay-guided fractionation. The chalcone (3) was found to inhibit HIV-1 replication by 77% at 15.9 μM, and the two dehydroflavones (4 and 5) showed weak anti-HIV activity with IC50 values of 118 and 130 μM, respectively, while being devoid of cytotoxicity at 150 μM. A chlorophyll-enriched fraction of V. leptobotrys, containing pheophorbide a, was found to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 by 80% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Compounds 1 and 3 were further selected to be evaluated against 21 viral targets available at NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Pan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Rizzo S, Waldmann H. Development of a Natural-Product-Derived Chemical Toolbox for Modulation of Protein Function. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4621-39. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400442v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rizzo
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Usach I, Melis V, Peris JE. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a review on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability. J Int AIDS Soc 2013; 16:1-14. [PMID: 24008177 PMCID: PMC3764307 DOI: 10.7448/ias.16.1.18567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 non-nucleoside and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are key drugs of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the clinical management of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)/HIV infection. DISCUSSION First-generation NNRTIs, nevirapine (NVP), delavirdine (DLV) and efavirenz (EFV) are drugs with a low genetic barrier and poor resistance profile, which has led to the development of new generations of NNRTIs. Second-generation NNRTIs, etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European Union, and the next generation of drugs is currently being clinically developed. This review describes recent clinical data, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of commercialized NNRTIs, including the effects of sex, race and age differences on pharmacokinetics and safety. Moreover, it summarizes the characteristics of next-generation NNRTIs: lersivirine, GSK 2248761, RDEA806, BILR 355 BS, calanolide A, MK-4965, MK-1439 and MK-6186. CONCLUSIONS This review presents a wide description of NNRTIs, providing useful information for researchers interested in this field, both in clinical use and in research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José-Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Antipoliovirus Activity of the Organic Extract of Eupatorium buniifolium: Isolation of Euparin as an Active Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:402364. [PMID: 23956770 PMCID: PMC3730360 DOI: 10.1155/2013/402364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of the organic extract (OE) of Eupatorium buniifolium against poliovirus type 1 was determined by in vitro assays with an effective concentration 50 (EC50) of 23.3 ± 3.3 µg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the OE allowed the isolation of an active principle that was identified by spectroscopic methods (1H- and 13C-NMR, EI-MS, UV, and IR spectroscopy) as the benzofuran euparin. The plaque reduction assay in Vero cells was used to assess the antiviral activity of euparin against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 with EC50 values of 0.47, 0.12, and 0.15 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this compound showed high selectivity indexes of 284.9, 1068, and 854.7, respectively. In order to identify the mechanism by which euparin exerts its antiviral activity, the virucidal effect, the pretreatment of Vero cells, and the time of action on one viral replication cycle were evaluated. Results obtained demonstrated that euparin exerts its effect during the early events of the replication cycle, from the virus adsorption to cells up to the first twenty minutes after infection. This is the first report on the presence of euparin in E. buniifolium and its antiviral activity.
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Jankiprasad, Naresh G, Gupta J, Bhattacharya SM, Rajendran SM, Awasthi SK, Narender T. Antifilarial Activity of Constituents of Calophyllum inophyllum and their Derivatives. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephantiasis is a classic sign of late-stage lymphatic filariasis. Although the infection can be treated with drugs, the chronic conditions may not be curable by currently available antifilarial drugs. In continuation of our drug discovery program, we identified potent antifilarial activity in a calophyllic acid and isocalophllic acid mixture, which was isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. The mixture inhibited the motility of adult Brugia malayi worms and microfilariae stage parasites at a concentration of 15.6 μg/mL with an IC50 of 2.1 and 5.5 μg/mL, respectively, in in vitro studies. The diastereomeric mixture also exhibited moderate in vivo antifilarial activity in the jird ( Meriones unguiculatus) model. A few derivatives of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid were prepared and one of the amide derivatives turned out to be the most promising compound against the adult (MIC: 3.9 and IC50: 0.32 μg/mL) and microfilariae stage (MIC:1.9 and IC50: 0.26 μg/mL) parasites with a high selectivity index. The amide derivative has superior activity than the parent natural product, as well as the standard antifilarial drug, ivermectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jankiprasad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | - Gunaganti Naresh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | | | - Siron M. Rajendran
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | | | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
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Correlations between the selected parameters of the chemical structure of drugs and between-subject variability in area under the curve. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Prasad J, Shrivastava A, Khanna AK, Bhatia G, Awasthi SK, Narender T. Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity of the constituents isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1245-1249. [PMID: 23083817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In continuation of our drug discovery program on Indian medicinal plants, we isolated bioactive compounds (1-5) from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum and evaluated their antidyslipidemic activity in triton induced hyperlipidemia model. The calophyllic acid (1A) and isocalophyllic acid (1B) mixture, canophyllic acid (4) and amentoflavone (5) showed dose dependent lipid lowering activity in in vivo experiments. The compounds 1A+1B mixture and 3 also showed good in vitro antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki Prasad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, U.P., India
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Patel M, Bessong P, Liu H. Traditional medicines, HIV, and related infections: workshop 2C. Adv Dent Res 2011; 23:159-64. [PMID: 21441498 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicines are an integral part of health care worldwide, even though their efficacy has not been scientifically proven. HIV-infected individuals may use them singularly or in combination with conventional medicines. Many in vitro studies have proven the anti-HIV, anti-Candida, and anti-herpes simplex virus potential of traditional plants and identified some of the mechanisms of action. Very few in vivo studies are available that involve a small number of participants and show controversial results. In addition, knowledge is limited of the role of traditional medicines in the enhancement of the immune system. The use of traditional medicines with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has created a problem because drug interactions compromise the efficacy of ARVs. Several currently popular plants have been studied in the laboratory for their interaction with ARVs, with disadvantageous results. Unfortunately, no clinical trials are available. The science of traditional medicines is relatively new and is at present being modernized worldwide. However, there are still ethical issues regarding traditional medicines that need to be addressed-for example, regulations regarding quality control and standardization of medicines, regulation and education of healers who deliver these medicines, and unregulated clinical trials. The workshop addressed the following questions about traditional medicine and their use in HIV infection: What are the mechanisms of action of anti-HIV traditional medicines? Should traditional medicines be used in conjunction with ARV? Do traditional medicines enhance the immune system? Should medicinal plants be used for the control of oral infections associated with HIV? What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of HIV and associated infections?
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, and School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Zhan P, Chen X, Li D, Fang Z, De Clercq E, Liu X. HIV-1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E1-72. [PMID: 21523792 DOI: 10.1002/med.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nowadays represent very potent and most promising anti-AIDS agents that specifically target the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses and severe side effects upon long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, highly potent NNRTIs with broad spectrum antiviral activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more efficient strategies that facilitate and shorten the drug discovery process would be extremely beneficial. Fortunately, the structural diversity of NNRTIs provided a wide space for novel lead discovery, and the pharmacophore similarity of NNRTIs gave valuable hints for lead discovery and optimization. More importantly, with the continued efforts in the development of computational tools and increased crystallographic information on RT/NNRTI complexes, structure-based approaches using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and computational chemistry are being used increasingly in the design of NNRTIs. First, this review covers two decades of research and development for various NNRTI families based on their chemical scaffolds, and then describes the structural similarity of NNRTIs. We have attempted to assemble a comprehensive overview of the general approaches in NNRTI lead discovery and optimization reported in the literature during the last decade. The successful applications of medicinal chemistry strategies, crystallography, and computational tools for designing novel NNRTIs are highlighted. Future directions for research are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Stellbrink HJ. Novel compounds for the treatment of HIV type-1 infection. Antivir Chem Chemother 2010; 19:189-200. [PMID: 19483267 DOI: 10.1177/095632020901900502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent licensure of several new antiretroviral compounds, there is still a need to develop additional agents. Problems with antiviral activity, tolerability, ease of administration, extent of cross-resistance and pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic interactions still represent important obstacles to life-long control of HIV type-1 replication by highly active antiretroviral therapy. Several compounds stem from the same classes as currently available drugs: apricitabine and elvucitabine (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), rilpivirine (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor), vicriviroc and INCB009471 (CCR5 inhibitors) and elvitegravir (integrase inhibitor). The potential of other compounds with new modes of action is less clear. Currently, maturation inhibitors appear promising but for other drugs, obstacles to continued development, such as the need of parenteral application (that is, monoclonal antibodies) or toxicity (for example, immune modulating agents and pegylated interferon), are already apparent. For even more compounds in the preclinical development phase, an assessment of their possible clinical role is still premature. This review provides an overview and a summary of the current status of drug development in the field.
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Mehellou Y, De Clercq E. Twenty-Six Years of Anti-HIV Drug Discovery: Where Do We Stand and Where Do We Go? J Med Chem 2009; 53:521-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Mehellou
- Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kumar K, Waldmann H. Synthesis of natural product inspired compound collections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3224-42. [PMID: 19267376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, their derivatives, and their analogues are among the most important sources for new drug candidates and tools for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research. Therefore, there is a need for the development of efficient synthesis methods which give access to natural product derived and inspired compound collections. To meet this challenge, the requirements of multistep stereoselective syntheses, and the logic and methodology of natural product total synthesis need to be translated and adapted to the methods and formats for the synthesis of compound collections. Recent developments in the synthesis of natural product inspired compound collections having carbocyclic and heterocyclic scaffolds highlight the fact that this goal can be successfully attained. The progress made has paved the way for the integration of natural product inspired compound collections into medicinal chemistry and chemical biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Max Planck Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Kumar K, Waldmann H. Die Synthese von naturstoffinspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ma T, Liu L, Xue H, Li L, Han C, Wang L, Chen Z, Liu G. Chemical library and structure-activity relationships of 11-demethyl-12-oxo calanolide A analogues as anti-HIV-1 agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1432-46. [PMID: 18284187 DOI: 10.1021/jm701405p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Calanolide A ( 1) as a natural product was previously found as an inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. In our further investigation of its template, racemic 11-demethyl-12-oxo calanolide A ( 15), which had two fewer chiral carbon centers at the C-11 and C-12 positions than (+)-calanolide A, had a comparably inhibitory activity and better therapeutic index (EC 50 = 0.11 microM, TI = 818) against HIV-1 in vitro. A library based on its structural core was then designed and synthesized with introduction of nine diversity points in this article. The evaluations of anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro concluded their structure-activity relationships (SARs). A novel compound (10-bromomethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo calanolide A, 123) was identified to have much higher inhibitory potency and therapeutic index (EC 50 = 2.85 nM, TI > 10,526) than those of the class compound against HIV-1. This finding provided a very important clue that modifications of the C ring at the C-10 position may be conducted to obtain drug candidates with better activity against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
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Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the field of drug development against HIV. Many different kinds of natural products, including coumarins, have been found to be active in anti-HIV models and are thus undergoing further investigation. This review demonstrates the variety of coumarins with unique mechanisms of action in the different stages of HIV replication. The discovery and development of coumarins as anti-HIV agents has expanded in the past two decades. Most of the studies have been focused on the inhibitory activity of reverse transcriptase, but anti-integrase and antiprotease activities were also described. The objective of this review is to evaluate data on coumarins’ potent activity with respect to the inhibition of HIV-reverse transcriptase, HIV-integrase or HIV-protease. Recent requirements for potential anti-HIV agents increasingly require adequate definition of the mechanism of action as well as definition of toxic effects and this also applies to natural as well as synthetic coumarins. Structural modification is a powerful tool to increase the potential of bioactive principles. By applying scientific expertise and modern scientific technology, new single compounds will assuredly be developed as potent anti-HIV candidates for world-class new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 Dunav Str, Sofia 1000, Medical University, Bulgaria
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, P.J. Safarik University, Tr. SNP 1 040 11 Kosice, Slovak Republic
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El Safadi Y, Vivet-Boudou V, Marquet R. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:723-37. [PMID: 17370068 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) is one of the three enzymes encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of AIDS. Together with protease inhibitors, drugs inhibiting the RNA- and DNA-dependant DNA polymerase activity of RT are the major components of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which has dramatically reduced mortality and morbidity of people living with HIV-1/AIDS in developed countries. In this study, we focus on RT inhibitors approved by the US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) or in phases II and III clinical trials. RT inhibitors belong to two main classes acting by distinct mechanisms. Nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) lack a 3' hydroxyl group on their ribose or ribose mimic moiety and thus act as chain terminators. Non-NRTIs bind into a hydrophobic pocket close to the polymerase active site and inhibit the chemical step of the polymerization reaction. For each class of inhibitors, we review the mechanism of action, the resistance mechanisms selected by the virus, and the side effects of the drugs. We also discuss the main perspectives for the development of new RT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan El Safadi
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université Louis Pasteur, CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
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