1
|
Arruda RS, Jacinavicius FR, Noyma NP, Drummond E, Barreto DA, da Silva LHS, Huszar VL, Pinto E, Lürling M, Marinho MM. Cyanopeptides occurrence and diversity in a Brazilian tropical reservoir: Exploring relationships with water quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124051. [PMID: 38688388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a class of toxic secondary metabolites produced by some cyanobacteria strains that endanger aquatic and terrestrial organisms in various freshwater systems. Although patterns in MC occurrence are being recognized, divergences in the global data still hamper our ability to predict the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms. This study aimed (i) to determine the dynamics of MCs and other cyanopeptides in a tropical reservoir, (ii) to investigate the correlation between peptides and potential cyanotoxin producers (iii) identifying the possible abiotic factors that influence the peptides. We analyzed, monthly, eight MC variants (MC-RR, -LA, -LF, -LR, -LW, -YR, [D-Asp3]-RR and [D-Asp3]-LR) and other peptides in 47 water samples collected monthly, all season long, from two sampling sites in a tropical eutrophic freshwater reservoir, in southeastern Brazil. The cyanopeptides were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The biomass of potential cyanobacterial producers and water quality variables were measured. MCs were detected in both sampling sites year-round; the total MC concentration varied from 0.21 to 4.04 μg L-1, and three MC variants were identified and quantified (MC-RR, [D-Asp3]-RR, -LR). Additionally, we identified 28 compounds belonging to three other cyanopeptide classes: aeruginosin, microginin, and cyanopeptolin. As potential MC producers, Microcystis spp. and Dolichospermum circinalis were dominant during the study, representing up to 75% of the total phytoplankton. Correlational and redundancy analysis suggested positive effects of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and total phosphorus on MC and microginins concentration, while water temperature appeared to favor aeruginosins. A comparison between our results and historical data showed a reduction in total phosphorus and cyanobacteria, suggesting increased water quality in the reservoir. However, the current MC concentrations indicate a rise in cyanobacterial toxicity over the last eight years. Moreover, our study underscores the pressing need to explore cyanopeptides other than MCs in tropical aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Silva Arruda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Erick Drummond
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Almeida Barreto
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Sampaio da Silva
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Huszar
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carmona Jiménez J, Caro Borrero A, Sánchez-Salas AI, Becerra-Absalón I, Cirés Gómez S, Quesada del Corral A, Perona Urizar E, Ortíz Suárez D, Mazari-Hiriart M. Polyphasic Approach and Potential Cyanotoxin Production by Planktothrix from the Río Grande de Comitán and Montebello Lakes National Park, Southern Mexico. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:9993635. [PMID: 38764712 PMCID: PMC11102105 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9993635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of anthropic activities during recent years has led to an increase in nutrient fluxes in the Río Grande de Comitán and Montebello Lakes National Park, Mexico. In turn, this has modified the dynamics of the biotic community, specifically favoring the presence of cyanobacteria tolerant to contamination. The continual and massive presence of Planktothrix species (spp.) in the system suggests a potential detrimental impact for economic issues and human health. In this study, we identify the morphological and molecular characteristics of Planktothrix populations from seven tropical (1,380-1,740 masl, 23.0-25.5°C) and calcareous lakes and two ponds from a water treatment plant. We also assess the ecological drivers that could be related to the presence of cyanotoxins in the system. The ecological preferences, morphology, 16S rRNA structure, and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer found evidence for three species: P. agardhii distributed in neutral to slightly basic water (pH = 7.7-8.7), and P. spiroides and Planktothrix sp. in alkaline waters (pH = 9.1). The presence of the mcyE gene and its validation by liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of two microcystin variants (MC-RR and MC-LR) in at least three populations of P. agardhii. These microcystins put the health of the ecosystem and its inhabitants at risk, a condition that should be addressed and resolved with a water management and detoxification strategy in the basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carmona Jiménez
- River Ecosystem Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Exterior Circuit, University City, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Angela Caro Borrero
- River Ecosystem Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Exterior Circuit, University City, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Aída Isabel Sánchez-Salas
- River Ecosystem Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Exterior Circuit, University City, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Marine Science and Limnology, UNAM, Exterior Circuit, University City, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Itzel Becerra-Absalón
- Laboratory of Ficology, Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UNAM, Exterior Circuit, University City, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Samuel Cirés Gómez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), C/Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada del Corral
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), C/Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Elvira Perona Urizar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), C/Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Ortíz Suárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, UAM, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marisa Mazari-Hiriart
- National Laboratory of Sustainability Sciences, Institute of Ecology, UNAM. Exterior Circuit, University City, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Wang H, Yan S, Wang T, Zhang P, Zhang H, Wang H, Hansson LA, Xu J. Chemodiversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins Driven by Future Scenarios of Climate Warming and Eutrophication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11767-11778. [PMID: 37535835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and eutrophication are two environmental threats that can alter the structure of freshwater ecosystems and their service functions, but we know little about how ecosystem structure and function will evolve in future scenarios of climate warming. Therefore, we created different experimental climate scenarios, including present-day conditions, a 3.0 °C increase in mean temperature, and a "heatwaves" scenario (i.e., an increase in temperature variability) to assess the effects of climate change on phytoplankton communities under simultaneous stress from eutrophication and herbicides. We show that the effects of climate warming, particularly heatwaves, are associated with elevated cyanobacterial abundances and toxin production, driven by a change from mainly nontoxic to toxic Microcystis spp. The reason for higher cyanobacterial toxin concentrations is likely an increase in abundances because under the dual pressures of climate warming and eutrophication individual Microcystis toxin-producing ability decreased. Eutrophication and higher temperatures significantly increased the biomass of Microcystis, leading to an increase in the cyanobacterial toxin concentrations. In contrast, warming alone did not produce higher cyanobacterial abundances or cyanobacterial toxin concentrations likely due to the depletion of the available nutrient pool. Similarly, the herbicide glyphosate alone did not affect abundances of any phytoplankton taxa. In the case of nutrient enrichment, cyanobacterial toxin concentrations were much higher than under warming alone due to a strong boost in biomass of potential cyanobacterial toxin producers. From a broader perspective our study shows that in a future warmer climate, nutrient loading has to be reduced if toxic cyanobacterial dominance is to be controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baer MM, Godwin CM, Johengen TH. The effect of single versus dual nutrient decreases on phytoplankton growth rates, community composition, and Microcystin concentration in the western basin of Lake Erie. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 123:102382. [PMID: 36894205 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary management strategy for minimizing harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Lake Erie has been to reduce springtime loading of phosphorus (P) to the lake. However, some studies have shown that the growth rate and toxin content for the HABs-causing cyanobacterium Microcystis also respond to the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N). This evidence is based on both observational studies that correlate bloom development with changes in N forms and concentrations in the lake, and experiments in which P and/or N are added at concentrations in excess of those present in the lake. The goal of this study was to determine whether a combined decrease in N and P concentrations from ambient levels in Lake Erie could limit the development of HABs more than a reduction in P concentration only. To directly test the impact of P-only versus dual N and P concentration decreases on phytoplankton in the western basin of Lake Erie, we evaluated changes in growth rate, community composition, and microcystin (MC) concentration through eight bioassay experiments performed from June through October 2018, which encompassed the normal Lake Erie Microcystis-dominated HAB season. Our results showed that during the first five experiments covering June 25 to August 13, the P-only and the dual N and P decrease treatments had similar effects. However, when ambient N became scarce later in the season, the N and P decrease treatments resulted in negative growth rates for cyanobacteria, whereas -P only decreases did not. During low ambient N conditions, dual nutrient decreases lowered the prevalence of cyanobacteria among the total phytoplankton community and decreased microcystin concentrations. The results presented here complement previous experimental work on Lake Erie and suggest that dual nutrient control could be an effective management strategy to decrease microcystin production during the bloom and even possibly diminish or shorten the duration of the bloom based on creating nutrient limiting conditions sooner in the HAB growing season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla M Baer
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
| | - Casey M Godwin
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan.
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan; Michigan Sea Grant, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McKindles KM, McKay RML, Bullerjahn GS, Frenken T. Interactions between chytrids cause variable infection strategies on harmful algal bloom forming species. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 122:102381. [PMID: 36754455 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have a great diversity of natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, including fungal pathogens within the Chytridiomycota (chytrids). While these pathogens have been previously described on a select number of cyanobacterial hosts and are suspected to play a significant ecological role, little is understood about species interactions and how competition between parasites can affect epidemic development and bloom formation. Here, three Planktothrix agardhii isolates from Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie (OH, USA) were challenged in monoculture and polyculture against infection by three isolates (C1, C2, C10) of their obligate chytrid fungal pathogen, Rhizophydiales sp. The chytrid isolates were inoculated as single isolates or a mixture of up to three different isolates. In monoculture, host isolates were characterized as highly susceptible (P. agardhii 1030), moderately susceptible (P. agardhii 1808) or mostly resistant (P. agardhii 1801). Co-infection of chytrid isolates on the highly susceptible host isolate had an additive effect on chytrid prevalence, leading to a culture crash where 2 or 3 chytrid isolates were present. Co-infection of chytrid isolates on the moderately susceptible and mostly resistant isolates had no effect on chytrid infection outcome or prevalence compared to infection with a single isolate. In polyculture, the effect on host growth was most significant in the single chytrid isolate treatment, which was attenuated with the addition of mixed chytrid treatments. Genetic analysis of the resulting population after the experimental period showed a tendency for the chytrid isolate C1 and P. agardhii 1801 to dominate in mixed population samples. Two different interspecific interactions seem to be in play; varied parasite infection strategies allow for the amplification of infection prevalence due to mixed chytrids in a susceptible monoculture, or competition allows for the dominance of a single chytrid isolate in monoculture and the reduction of infection prevalence in a host polyculture. This work thus highlights how interactions between chytrid infections can change the course of epidemic development and harmful algal bloom formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M McKindles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4; Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - R Michael L McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4; Cluster Nature & Society, HAS University of Applied Sciences, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Díaz-Torres O, Lugo-Melchor OY, de Anda J, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Senés-Guerrero C. Characterizing a subtropical hypereutrophic lake: From physicochemical variables to shotgun metagenomic data. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037626. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Cajititlán is a subtropical and endorheic lake, which is heavily impacted by nutrient pollution. Agricultural runoff and poorly treated wastewater have entered this reservoir at alarming rates during past rainy seasons, causing the cultural eutrophication of this body of water and resulting in several massive fish kill events. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to examine the taxonomic and functional structure of microbial communities in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season. Several water quality features and their interactions with microbial communities were also assessed to identify the major factors affecting the water quality and biota, specifically fish species. According to current water quality regulations, most of the physicochemical variables analyzed (dissolved oxygen, pH, Secchi disk, NH4+, NO3−, blue-green algae, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a) were outside of the permissible limits. Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis aeruginosa were the most abundant phytoplankton species, and the dominant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Flavobacterium, with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Aeromonas veronii representing the most abundant bacterial species. All of these microorganisms have been reported to be potentially harmful to fish, and the latter three (P. fluorescens, S. maltophilia, A. veronii) also contain genes associated with pathogenicity in fish mortality (fur, luxS, aer, act, aha, exu, lip, ser). Genetic evidence from the microbial communities analyzed herein reveals that anthropogenic sources of nutrients in the lake altered genes involved in nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and carbon metabolism, mainly at the beginning of the rainy season. These findings suggest that abiotic factors influence the structure of the microbial communities, along with the major biogeochemical cycles of Lake Cajititlán, resulting in temporal variations and an excess of microorganisms that can thrive in high-nutrient and low-oxygen environments. After reviewing the literature, this appears to be the first study that focuses on characterizing the water quality of a subtropical hypereutrophic lake through associations between physicochemical variables and shotgun metagenomic data. In addition, there are few studies that have coupled the metabolism of aquatic ecosystems with nutrient cycles.
Collapse
|
7
|
Savadova-Ratkus K, Mazur-Marzec H, Karosienė J, Sivonen K, Suurnäkki S, Kasperovičienė J, Paškauskas R, Koreivienė J. Cyanobacteria and Their Metabolites in Mono- and Polidominant Shallow Eutrophic Temperate Lakes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15341. [PMID: 36430059 PMCID: PMC9690872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monodominant (one species dominates) or polidominant (multiple species dominate) cyanobacterial blooms are pronounced in productive freshwater ecosystems and pose a potential threat to the biota due to the synthesis of toxins. Seasonal changes in cyanobacteria species and cyanometabolites composition were studied in two shallow temperate eutrophic lakes. Data on cyanobacteria biomass and diversity of dominant species in the lakes were combined with chemical and molecular analyses of fifteen potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria species (248 isolates from the lakes). Anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, microcystins and other non-ribosomal peptides formed the diverse profiles in monodominant (Planktothrix agardhii) and polidominant (Aphanizomenon gracile, Limnothrix spp. and Planktolyngbya limnetica) lakes. However, the harmfulness of the blooms depended on the ability of the dominant species to synthesize cyanometabolites. It was confirmed that P. agardhii produced a greater amount and diverse range of MCs and other NRPs. In the polidominant lake, isolates of the co-dominant A. gracile, L. planctonica and P. limnetica synthesized no or only small amounts of cyanometabolites. In general, the profile of cyanometabolites was greater in cyanobacteria isolates than in environmental samples, indicating a high potential for toxic cyanobacteria bloom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Savadova-Ratkus
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, M. J. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jūratė Karosienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Biocenter 1, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Suurnäkki
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jūratė Kasperovičienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Paškauskas
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Judita Koreivienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim Tiam S, Comte K, Dalle C, Delagrange M, Djediat C, Ducos B, Duval C, Feilke K, Hamlaoui S, Le Manach S, Setif P, Yéprémian C, Marie B, Kirilovsky D, Gugger M, Bernard C. The success of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix: Genotypes variability supports variable responses to light and temperature stress. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102285. [PMID: 35944963 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms can modify the dynamic of aquatic ecosystems and have harmful consequences for human activities. Moreover, cyanobacteria can produce a variety of cyanotoxins, including microcystins, but little is known about the role of environmental factors on the prevalence of microcystin producers in the cyanobacterial bloom dynamics. This study aimed to better understand the success of Planktothrix in various environments by unveiling the variety of strategies governing cell responses to sudden changes in light intensity and temperature. The cellular responses (photosynthesis, photoprotection, heat shock response and metabolites synthesis) of four Planktothrix strains to high-light or high-temperature were studied, focusing on how distinct ecotypes (red- or green-pigmented) and microcystin production capability affect cyanobacteria's ability to cope with such abiotic stimuli. Our results showed that high-light and high-temperature impact different cellular processes and that Planktothrix responses are heterogeneous, specific to each strain and thus, to genotype. The ability of cyanobacteria to cope with sudden increase in light intensity and temperature was not related to red- or green-pigmented ecotype or microcystin production capability. According to our results, microcystin producers do not cope better to high-light or high-temperature and microcystin content does not increase in response to such stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kim Tiam
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Katia Comte
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Caroline Dalle
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Collection of Cyanobacteria, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Marine Delagrange
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, IBENS, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris,, 75005 France
| | - Chakib Djediat
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, IBENS, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris,, 75005 France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Kathleen Feilke
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Sahima Hamlaoui
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Séverine Le Manach
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Pierre Setif
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Claude Yéprémian
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Muriel Gugger
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Collection of Cyanobacteria, Paris, F-75015, France.
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung J, Seo YL, Jeong SE, Baek JH, Park HY, Jeon CO. Linear Six-Carbon Sugar Alcohols Induce Lysis of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-298 Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834370. [PMID: 35495711 PMCID: PMC9039742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern due to their adverse effects on water quality and human health. Therefore, we examined the effects of various compounds on Microcystis aeruginosa growth. We found that Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-298 cells were lysed rapidly by linear six-carbon sugar alcohols including mannitol, galactitol, iditol, fucitol, and sorbitol, but not by other sugar alcohols. Microscopic observations revealed that mannitol treatment induced crumpled inner membrane, an increase in periplasmic space, uneven cell surface with outer membrane vesicles, disruption of membrane structures, release of intracellular matter including chlorophylls, and eventual cell lysis in strain NIES-298, which differed from the previously proposed cell death modes. Mannitol metabolism, antioxidant-mediated protection of mannitol-induced cell lysis by, and caspase-3 induction in strain NIES-298 were not observed, suggesting that mannitol may not cause organic matter accumulation, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in M. aeruginosa. No significant transcriptional expression was induced in strain NIES-298 by mannitol treatment, indicating that cell lysis is not induced through transcriptional responses. Mannitol-induced cell lysis may be specific to strain NIES-298 and target a specific component of strain NIES-298. This study will provide a basis for controlling M. aeruginosa growth specifically by non-toxic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaejoon Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Hye Baek
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.,National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in a Changing Environment: Concepts, Controversies, Challenges. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Concern is widely being published that the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria is increasing in consequence of climate change and eutrophication, substantially threatening human health. Here, we review evidence and pertinent publications to explore in which types of waterbodies climate change is likely to exacerbate cyanobacterial blooms; whether controlling blooms and toxin concentrations requires a balanced approach of reducing not only the concentrations of phosphorus (P) but also those of nitrogen (N); how trophic and climatic changes affect health risks caused by toxic cyanobacteria. We propose the following for further discussion: (i) Climate change is likely to promote blooms in some waterbodies—not in those with low concentrations of P or N stringently limiting biomass, and more so in shallow than in stratified waterbodies. Particularly in the latter, it can work both ways—rendering conditions for cyanobacterial proliferation more favourable or less favourable. (ii) While N emissions to the environment need to be reduced for a number of reasons, controlling blooms can definitely be successful by reducing only P, provided concentrations of P can be brought down to levels sufficiently low to stringently limit biomass. Not the N:P ratio, but the absolute concentration of the limiting nutrient determines the maximum possible biomass of phytoplankton and thus of cyanobacteria. The absolute concentrations of N or P show which of the two nutrients is currently limiting biomass. N can be the nutrient of choice to reduce if achieving sufficiently low concentrations has chances of success. (iii) Where trophic and climate change cause longer, stronger and more frequent blooms, they increase risks of exposure, and health risks depend on the amount by which concentrations exceed those of current WHO cyanotoxin guideline values for the respective exposure situation. Where trophic change reduces phytoplankton biomass in the epilimnion, thus increasing transparency, cyanobacterial species composition may shift to those that reside on benthic surfaces or in the metalimnion, changing risks of exposure. We conclude that studying how environmental changes affect the genotype composition of cyanobacterial populations is a relatively new and exciting research field, holding promises for understanding the biological function of the wide range of metabolites found in cyanobacteria, of which only a small fraction is toxic to humans. Overall, management needs case-by-case assessments focusing on the impacts of environmental change on the respective waterbody, rather than generalisations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moreira C, Pimentel A, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Preliminary evidence on the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from culture enrichments followed by PCR analysis: new perspectives from Africa (Mali) and South Pacific (Fiji) countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31731-31745. [PMID: 33608790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a group of microorganisms that can be found in a diverse range of biogeographical areas and produce potent and damaging cyanotoxins, which reveal importance for continuous studies and surveillance efforts. In this study, we analyzed worldwide two-month culture-enriched water samples collected from 12 distinct countries (Costa Rica, Cuba, Fiji, France, Indonesia, Mali, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, USA, Vietnam) including two undisclosed areas (Fiji and Mali). We performed a PCR-based molecular multi-step scheme that consisted in the detection of the main cyanobacterial species, genera, and cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes. Results from this study indicate that Microcystis aeruginosa followed by Planktothrix agardhii were the most prevalent species of all the 12 countries analyzed. Cylindrospermospis raciborskii was detected in Costa Rica, while P. agardhii was detected in Fiji and South Africa. M. aeruginosa was detected in Fiji and Mali. Regarding the main cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes, a cyrC gene fragment (cylindrospermopsins) was amplified in the African continent (South Africa), while anaC (anatoxin-a) was detected in two distinct locations, Mali and Vietnam. Saxitoxins biosynthesis gene was also detected in Fiji and Vietnam. Microcystins biosynthesis gene (mcyA) was co-detected with anatoxin-a biosynthesis gene in Mali and with saxitoxins biosynthesis gene (sxtI) in Portugal. This study therefore constitutes a major contribution to the global biogeography of cyanobacteria and its cyanotoxins and recommends continuous vigilance of toxic cyanobacteria particularly in the more undisclosed areas of the world. The PCR analysis data obtained in our 2-month culture-enriched water samples supports molecular methods as a preliminary tool in the environmental surveillance of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in undisclosed locations, particularly since the several positive amplifications detected may indicate that though samples were collected under non-bloom conditions, if environmental conditions change in the ecosystem, there is a risk that bloom-forming species may arose along with their detected cyanotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pimentel
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Is the Cyanobacterial Bloom Composition Shifting Due to Climate Forcing or Nutrient Changes? Example of a Shallow Eutrophic Reservoir. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050351. [PMID: 34068425 PMCID: PMC8153585 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater is a global threat to the functioning of ecosystems, human health and the economy. Parties responsible for the ecosystems and human health increasingly demand reliable predictions of cyanobacterial development to support necessary decisions. Long-term data series help with identifying environmental drivers of cyanobacterial developments in the context of climatic and anthropogenic pressure. Here, we analyzed 13 years of eutrophication and climatic data of a shallow temperate reservoir showing a high interannual variability of cyanobacterial development and composition, which is a less occurring and/or less described phenomenon compared to recurrant monospecific blooms. While between 2007–2012 Planktothrix agardhii dominated the cyanobacterial community, it shifted towards Microcystis sp. and then Dolichospermum sp. afterwards (2013–2019). The shift to Microcystis sp. dominance was mainly influenced by generally calmer and warmer conditions. The later shift to Dolichospermum sp. was driven by droughts influencing, amongst others, the N-load, as P remained unchanged over the time period. Both, climatic pressure and N-limitation contributed to the high variability of cyanobacterial blooms and may lead to a new equilibrium. The further reduction of P-load in parallel to the decreasing N-load is important to suppress cyanobacterial blooms and ameliorate ecosystem health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cao J, Dong Z, Zhao H, Duan S, Cao X, Liu H, Yang Z. Allelopathic effect of rhubarb extracts on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1092-1101. [PMID: 33055399 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With its advantages of ecological safety, environmental affinity, and high selectivity, allelopathic technology has been widely developed for algae inhibition. However, obtaining effective allelochemicals and realizing their mechanism are difficult. In this paper, a Chinese herbal medicine, namely, Rheum palmatum L. (Chinese rhubarb), was utilized as a source of allelopathic substances for the first time. Four units of rhubarb organic extracts were collected to study the inhibition of growth, photosynthesis, proteins, and algal toxin of Microcystis aeruginosa. Results showed that the ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous phases of the rhubarb extracts have notable inhibitory effects. After a 16-day treatment, the four extracts reduced M. aeruginosa by 64.1%, 59.3%, 61.9%, and 7.2% with disruption of algal photosynthesis and protein synthesis and reduction of algal toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| | - Zezhang Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| | - Shuhui Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaole Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zongzheng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Czyżewska W, Piontek M, Łuszczyńska K. The Occurrence of Potential Harmful Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River (Poland), a Source of Drinking Water. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E284. [PMID: 32354080 PMCID: PMC7290984 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins may contaminate drinking water resources and their effective control remains challenging. The present study reports on cyanobacterial blooms and associated cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River, a source of drinking water in Poland. The river was examined from July to October 2019 and concentrations of microcystins, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin were monitored. The toxicity of water samples was also tested using an ecotoxicological assay. All studied cyanotoxins were detected with microcystins revealing the highest levels. Maximal microcystin concentrations (3.97 μg/L) were determined in September at Uście point, exceeding the provisional guideline. Extracts from Uście point, where the dominant species were Dolichospermum flos-aquae (August), Microcystis aeruginosa (September), and Planktothrix agardhii (October), were toxic for Dugesia tigrina Girard. Microcystin concentrations (MC-LR and MC-RR) were positively correlated with cyanobacteria biovolume. Analysis of the chemical indicators of water quality has shown relationships between them and microcystins as well as cyanobacteria abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Czyżewska
- Water and Sewage Laboratory, Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant in Zielona Góra, Zjednoczenia 110 A, 65-120 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Marlena Piontek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Łuszczyńska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Djediat C, Feilke K, Brochard A, Caramelle L, Kim Tiam S, Sétif P, Gauvrit T, Yéprémian C, Wilson A, Talbot L, Marie B, Kirilovsky D, Bernard C. Light stress in green and red Planktothrix strains: The orange carotenoid protein and its related photoprotective mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148037. [PMID: 31228405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms need to sense and respond to fluctuating environmental conditions, to perform efficient photosynthesis and avoid the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species. Cyanobacteria have developed a photoprotective mechanism that decreases the energy arriving at the reaction centers by increasing thermal energy dissipation at the level of the phycobilisome, the extramembranal light-harvesting antenna. This mechanism is triggered by the photoactive orange carotenoid protein (OCP). In this study, we characterized OCP and the related photoprotective mechanism in non-stressed and light-stressed cells of three different strains of Planktothrix that can form impressive blooms. In addition to changing lake ecosystemic functions and biodiversity, Planktothrix blooms can have adverse effects on human and animal health as they produce toxins (e.g., microcystins). Three Planktothrix strains were selected: two green strains, PCC 10110 (microcystin producer) and PCC 7805 (non-microcystin producer), and one red strain, PCC 7821. The green strains colonize shallow lakes with higher light intensities while red strains proliferate in deep lakes. Our study allowed us to conclude that there is a correlation between the ecological niche in which these strains proliferate and the rates of induction and recovery of OCP-related photoprotection. However, differences in the resistance to prolonged high-light stress were correlated to a better replacement of damaged D1 protein and not to differences in OCP photoprotection. Finally, microcystins do not seem to be involved in photoprotection as was previously suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chakib Djediat
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Kathleen Feilke
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Arthur Brochard
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lucie Caramelle
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandra Kim Tiam
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Pierre Sétif
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Theo Gauvrit
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Yéprémian
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Léa Talbot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu J, Struewing I, Wymer L, Tettenhorst DR, Shoemaker J, Allen J. Use of qPCR and RT-qPCR for monitoring variations of microcystin producers and as an early warning system to predict toxin production in an Ohio inland lake. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115262. [PMID: 31785564 PMCID: PMC7075668 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Public concern over cyanobacterial blooms has increased due to their higher frequency of occurrence and their potential ecological and health impacts. Detection of microcystin (MC) producers (MCPs) using qPCR and RT-qPCR allows for the rapid identification of blooms by combining specificity and sensitivity with a relatively high throughput capability. Investigation of MCP population composition (correlation, dominance), toxin gene expression, and relationship to MC concentration was conducted using a panel of qPCR assays targeting mcyA, E and G on weekly and daily water samples collected from an Ohio inland reservoir lake. Further, these data were used to develop early warning thresholds for prediction of MC concentrations exceeding the US EPA Health Advisory cutoff value (>0.3 μg L-1) using receiver operating characteristic curves and tobit regression. MCP Microcystis genomic copy number made up approximately 35% of the total Microcystis spp. and was the dominant toxic subpopulation of MCPs. The expressed MCPs were 0.2% of the extant genomic copy numbers, while toxic Microcystis had higher expressed proportion (0.5%) than that of toxic Planktothrix (0.04%). Microcystis toxin genes increased in June and July but decreased in August and September along with similar trends of cell replication. Quantities of both RT-qPCR and qPCR followed the same trend and were highly correlated with MC-ADDA, while RT-qPCR not only reflected the active toxin genes or toxic species, but also indicated the beginning and ending of toxin production. A one-week early warning of MC exceedance over the EPA Health Advisory was based on signaling of qPCR and RT-qPCR using receiver operating characteristic curves. This study illustrates the potential use of qPCR or RT-qPCR as an early warning system of extant and MC producing potentials during a toxic algal bloom, with predictive powers of 50%-60% and 30%-40% (p < 0.001), respectively, and false positive rates of about 70% for both LC-MS/MS or ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Ian Struewing
- Pegasus Technical Services Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Larry Wymer
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Daniel R Tettenhorst
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Jody Shoemaker
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Joel Allen
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Catalytic hydrolysis of microcystin-LR peptides on the surface of naturally occurring minerals. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Feng B, Wang C, Wu X, Tian C, Zhang M, Tian Y, Xiao B. Spatiotemporal dynamics of cell abundance, colony size and intracellular toxin concentrations of pelagic and benthic Microcystis in Lake Caohai, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 84:184-196. [PMID: 31284910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lake Caohai has experienced extensive Microcystis blooms in recent years, and to improve its water quality, the local government carried out a series of water control measures. To better understand the dynamics of both pelagic and benthic Microcystis and their characteristics in Lake Caohai, we conducted a 1-year investigation from December 2015 to December 2016 to gain a seasonal outlook on the distribution and dynamics of cell abundance, colony size and intracellular microcystins (MCs) of Microcystis. The results indicated that the Microcystis bloom occupied primarily the northeastern region and then moved gradually from lakeshore to lake center. The perennial southwesterly winds and the water inflow from northeast to southwest in Lake Caohai determined the spatiotemporal distribution of pelagic Microcystis. Benthic Microcystis was mainly distributed in the northeastern region in summer, occupied the lake center in autumn and then occupied the southeastern region in winter, determined by the sedimentation of pelagic Microcystis and the death of benthic Microcystis. Small colonies (20-60 μm) overwintered more easily in both water column and sediment. The concentrations of intracellular toxin of benthic Microcystis were observed to be significantly higher than those of pelagic Microcystis. This might be because Microcystis synthesized large amount of MCs to acclimate to an unfavorable benthic environment. This knowledge on the dynamics of Microcystis expands our understanding of mechanisms underpinning the formation of Microcystis blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang 330039, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cuicui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang 330039, China
| | | | - Bangding Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pulkkinen K, Pekkala N, Ashrafi R, Hämäläinen DM, Nkembeng AN, Lipponen A, Hiltunen T, Valkonen JK, Taskinen J. Effect of resource availability on evolution of virulence and competition in an environmentally transmitted pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4962392. [PMID: 29659817 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding ecological and epidemiological factors driving pathogen evolution in contemporary time scales is a major challenge in modern health management. Pathogens that replicate outside the hosts are subject to selection imposed by ambient environmental conditions. Increased nutrient levels could increase pathogen virulence by pre-adapting for efficient use of resources upon contact to a nutrient rich host or by favouring transmission of fast-growing virulent strains. We measured changes in virulence and competition in Flavobacterium columnare, a bacterial pathogen of freshwater fish, under high and low nutrient levels. To test competition between strains in genotype mixtures, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR assay. We found that a virulent strain maintained its virulence and outcompeted less virulent strains independent of the nutrient level and resource renewal rate while a less virulent strain further lost virulence in chemostats under low nutrient level and over long-term serial culture under high nutrient level. Our results suggest that increased outside-host nutrient levels might maintain virulence in less virulent strains and increase their contribution to epidemics in aquaculture. The results highlight a need to further explore the role of resource in the outside-host environment in maintaining strain diversity and driving evolution of virulence among environmentally growing pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pulkkinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nina Pekkala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roghaieh Ashrafi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Dorrit M Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aloysius N Nkembeng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P. O. Box 1627, (Neulaniementie 2), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teppo Hiltunen
- Department of Microbiology, P. O. Box 56, (Viikinkaari 9), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne K Valkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Jouni Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jin Y, Hao D, Chen S, Xu H, Hu W, Ma C, Sun J, Li H, Pei H. Primary investigation of the antialgal activity of shrimp shell on Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20662-20669. [PMID: 29752672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the application potential of an eco-friendly waste-shrimp shell in Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) control-for the first time. Four treatments with different doses (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g/L) were built to investigate the effects of shrimp shell on the growth, cell viability, physiological changes, and microcystins (MCs) release of M. aeruginosa cells. The water quality after shrimp shell treatment was also detected. Results showed that the growth of M. aeruginosa was effectively inhibited by shrimp shell, and the inhibition rates were dose-dependent within 7 days. Though shrimp shells at high doses could inhibit the cell growth greatly, the MC release was accelerated as they led to the cells lysis. While with the low shrimp shell dose (0.75 g/L), both satisfied inhibition effect and low MC release could be achieved simultaneously. For the water quality, we found that the turbidity and TN was not affected obviously with low dosage of shrimp shell, but it resulted in the increasing of CODMn and TP contents. In summary, the shrimp shell can be used as an effective algicide to control algal blooms but its adverse effect on CODMn and TP of water should be further solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Daping Hao
- Huaian Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Office in Jiangsu Province, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Jinan Water Group Co, Ltd, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chaffin JD, Davis TW, Smith DJ, Baer MM, Dick GJ. Interactions between nitrogen form, loading rate, and light intensity on Microcystis and Planktothrix growth and microcystin production. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:84-97. [PMID: 29602509 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The toxin-producing, bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera Microcystis and Planktothrix require fixed nitrogen (N), such as nitrate, ammonium, or organic N (e.g., urea) for growth and production of microcystins (MC). Bioavailable N can enter lakes in pulses via tributary discharge and through in-lake recycling, which can maintain low N concentrations. Additionally, light intensity has been suggested to play a role in MC production. This study examined how three forms of N (nitrate, ammonium, and urea) interacted with N loading rate (one large pulse vs. many small pulses) and light intensity to stimulate Microcystis and Planktothrix growth and MC production using nutrient enrichment experiments. Enrichments of nitrate, ammonium, and urea resulted in greater cyanobacterial biovolumes and MC concentrations than phosphorus-only enrichments, and there was no difference between pulse (100 μmol/L) and press treatments (8.3 μmol/L every 4 h). Analysis of mcyD transcripts showed significant up-regulation within 4 h of ammonium and urea enrichment. High light intensities (300 μmol photons/m2/s) with N enrichment resulted in greater cyanobacterial biovolumes and MC concentrations than lower light intensities (30 and 3 μmol photons/m2/s). Overall, the results suggest Microcystis and Planktothrix can use many forms of N and that high light intensities enhance MC production during elevated N concentrations. Moreover, the results here further demonstrate the importance of considering N, as well as P, in management strategies aimed at mitigating cyanobacterial blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Chaffin
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, 878 Bayview Ave, P.O. Box 119, Put-in-Bay, OH 43456-0119, USA.
| | - Timothy W Davis
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-9719, USA
| | - Derek J Smith
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, USA
| | - Mikayla M Baer
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, 878 Bayview Ave, P.O. Box 119, Put-in-Bay, OH 43456-0119, USA
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scherer PI, Millard AD, Miller A, Schoen R, Raeder U, Geist J, Zwirglmaier K. Temporal Dynamics of the Microbial Community Composition with a Focus on Toxic Cyanobacteria and Toxin Presence during Harmful Algal Blooms in Two South German Lakes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2387. [PMID: 29255452 PMCID: PMC5722842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterioplankton plays an essential role in aquatic ecosystems, and cyanobacteria are an influential part of the microbiome in many water bodies. In freshwaters used for recreational activities or drinking water, toxic cyanobacteria cause concerns due to the risk of intoxication with cyanotoxins, such as microcystins. In this study, we aimed to unmask relationships between toxicity, cyanobacterial community composition, and environmental factors. At the same time, we assessed the correlation of a genetic marker with microcystin concentration and aimed to identify the main microcystin producer. We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to study the bacterioplankton in two recreational lakes in South Germany. We quantified a microcystin biosynthesis gene (mcyB) using qPCR and linked this information with microcystin concentration to assess toxicity. Microcystin biosynthesis gene (mcyE)-clone libraries were used to determine the origin of microcystin biosynthesis genes. Bloom toxicity did not alter the bacterial community composition, which was highly dynamic at the lowest taxonomic level for some phyla such as Cyanobacteria. At the OTU level, we found distinctly different degrees of temporal variation between major bacteria phyla. Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes showed drastic temporal changes in their community compositions, while the composition of Actinobacteria remained rather stable in both lakes. The bacterial community composition of Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria remained stable over time in Lake Klostersee, but it showed temporal variations in Lake Bergknappweiher. The presence of potential microcystin degraders and potential algicidal bacteria amongst prevalent Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria implied a role of those co-occurring heterotrophic bacteria in cyanobacterial bloom dynamics. Comparison of both lakes studied revealed a large shared microbiome, which was shaped toward the lake specific community composition by environmental factors. Microcystin variants detected were microcystin-LR, -RR, and -YR. The maximum microcystin concentrations measured was 6.7 μg/L, a value still acceptable for recreational waters but not drinking water. Microcystin concentration correlated positively with total phosphorus and mcyB copy number. We identified low abundant Microcystis sp. as the only microcystin producer in both lakes. Therefore, risk assessment efforts need to take into account the fact that non-dominant species may cause toxicity of the blooms observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia I Scherer
- Limnological Research Station Iffeldorf, Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew D Millard
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Miller
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Renate Schoen
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Uta Raeder
- Limnological Research Station Iffeldorf, Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen Geist
- Limnological Research Station Iffeldorf, Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Zwirglmaier
- Limnological Research Station Iffeldorf, Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Churro C, Azevedo J, Vasconcelos V, Silva A. Detection of a Planktothrix agardhii Bloom in Portuguese Marine Coastal Waters. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120391. [PMID: 29207501 PMCID: PMC5744111 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms are frequent in freshwaters and are responsible for water quality deterioration and human intoxication. Although, not a new phenomenon, concern exists on the increasing persistence, scale, and toxicity of these blooms. There is evidence, in recent years, of the transfer of these toxins from inland to marine waters through freshwater outflow. However, the true impact of these blooms in marine habitats has been overlooked. In the present work, we describe the detection of Planktothrix agardhii, which is a common microcystin producer, in the Portuguese marine coastal waters nearby a river outfall in an area used for shellfish harvesting and recreational activities. P. agardhii was first observed in November of 2016 in seawater samples that are in the scope of the national shellfish monitoring system. This occurrence was followed closely between November and December of 2016 by a weekly sampling of mussels and water from the sea pier and adjacent river mouth with salinity ranging from 35 to 3. High cell densities were found in the water from both sea pier and river outfall, reaching concentrations of 4,960,608 cells·L−1 and 6810.3 × 106 cells·L−1 respectively. Cultures were also established with success from the environment and microplate salinity growth assays showed that the isolates grew at salinity 10. HPLC-PDA analysis of total microcystin content in mussel tissue, water biomass, and P. agardhii cultures did not retrieve a positive result. In addition, microcystin related genes were not detected in the water nor cultures. So, the P. agardhii present in the environment was probably a non-toxic strain. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on a P. agardhii bloom reaching the sea and points to the relevance to also monitoring freshwater harmful phytoplankton and related toxins in seafood harvesting and recreational coastal areas, particularly under the influence of river plumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Churro
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton, Departamento do Mar e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Silva
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton, Departamento do Mar e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Ciências do MAR, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pei H, Jin Y, Xu H, Ma C, Sun J, Li H. Using quartz sand to enhance the removal efficiency of M. aeruginosa by inorganic coagulant and achieve satisfactory settling efficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13586. [PMID: 29051599 PMCID: PMC5648817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, low-cost and non-polluting quartz sand was respectively mixed with AlCl3, FeCl3 and PAFC to synergistically remove Microcystis aeruginosa. Results showed that quartz sand could markedly increase the algae removal efficiency and decrease the coagulant doses. The increase of removal efficiency with AlCl3 and FeCl3 was only due to the enhancement of floc density by the quartz sand. However, the removal efficiency with PAFC was increased not only by the enhanced floc density, but also by the enlarged floc size. Flocs from 50 mg/L sand addition were larger than that with other sand doses, which was on account of the appropriate enhancement of collision efficiency at this dose. After coagulation, the extracellular organic matter (EOM) and microcystins (MCs) in system with quartz sand was remarkably reduced. That’s because quartz sand can enhance the coagulation so as to improve capping the EOM and MCs in flocs during coagulation process. Owing to 200 mg/L quartz sand could damage the cell’s membrane during coagulation proces, algal cells in the system lysed two days earlier than with 50 mg/L sand during flocs storage. In addition, cells with PAFC incurred relatively moderate cellular oxidative damage and could remain intact for longer time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. .,Shandong provincial engineering center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tessarolli LP, Bagatini IL, Bianchini-Jr. I, Vieira AAH. Bacterial degradation of dissolved organic matter released by Planktothrix agardhii (Cyanobacteria). BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:108-116. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.07616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Although Planktothrix agardhii often produces toxic blooms in eutrophic water bodies around the world, little is known about the fate of the organic matter released by these abundant Cyanobacteria. Thus, this study focused in estimating the bacterial consumption of the DOC and DON (dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen, respectively) produced by axenic P. agardhii cultures and identifying some of the bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) involved in the process. Both P. agardhii and bacterial inocula were sampled from the eutrophic Barra Bonita Reservoir (SP, Brazil). Two distinct carbon degradation phases were observed: during the first three days, higher degradation coefficients were calculated, which were followed by a slower degradation phase. The maximum value observed for particulate bacterial carbon (POC) was 11.9 mg L-1, which consisted of 62.5% of the total available DOC, and its mineralization coefficient was 0.477 day-1 (t½ = 1.45 days). A similar pattern of degradation was observed for DON, although the coefficients were slightly different. Changes in the OTUs patterns were observed during the different steps of the degradation. The main OTUs were related to the classes Alphaproteobacteria (8 OTUs), Betaproteobacteria (2 OTUs) and Gammaproteobacteria (3 OTUs). The genus Acinetobacter was the only identified organism that occurred during the whole process. Bacterial richness was higher at the slower degradation phase, which could be related to the small amounts of DOM (dissolved organic matter) available, particularly carbon. The kinetics of the bacterial degradation of P. agardhii-originated DOM suggests minimal loss of DOM from the Barra Bonita reservoir.
Collapse
|
26
|
Saoudi A, Brient L, Boucetta S, Ouzrout R, Bormans M, Bensouilah M. Management of toxic cyanobacteria for drinking water production of Ain Zada Dam. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:361. [PMID: 28667413 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in Algerian reservoirs represent a potential health problem, mainly from drinking water that supplies the local population of Ain Zada (Bordj Bou Arreridj). The objective of this study is to monitor, detect, and identify the existence of cyanobacteria and microcystins during blooming times. Samples were taken in 2013 from eight stations. The results show that three potentially toxic cyanobacterial genera with the species Planktothrix agardhii were dominant. Cyanobacterial biomass, phycocyanin (PC) concentrations, and microcystin (MC) concentrations were high in the surface layer and at 14 m depth; these values were also high in the treated water. On 11 May 2013, MC concentrations were 6.3 μg/L in MC-LR equivalent in the drinking water. This study shows for the first time the presence of cyanotoxins in raw and treated waters, highlighting that regular monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins must be undertaken to avoid potential health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Saoudi
- Faculty of Sciences, Ecobiology Laboratory for Marine Environments and Coastal Areas, BP 12 El-Hadjar, University of Badji Mokhtar, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Luc Brient
- UMR/CNRS Ecobio 6553, University of Rennes I, Rennes, 35 042, France
| | - Sabrine Boucetta
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Rachid Ouzrout
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of natural and life sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, Box. P.0.73, 36000, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR/CNRS Ecobio 6553, University of Rennes I, Rennes, 35 042, France
| | - Mourad Bensouilah
- Faculty of Sciences, Ecobiology Laboratory for Marine Environments and Coastal Areas, BP 12 El-Hadjar, University of Badji Mokhtar, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pancrace C, Barny MA, Ueoka R, Calteau A, Scalvenzi T, Pédron J, Barbe V, Piel J, Humbert JF, Gugger M. Insights into the Planktothrix genus: Genomic and metabolic comparison of benthic and planktic strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41181. [PMID: 28117406 PMCID: PMC5259702 DOI: 10.1038/srep41181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Planktothrix is a dominant cyanobacterial genus forming toxic blooms in temperate freshwater ecosystems. We sequenced the genome of planktic and non planktic Planktothrix strains to better represent this genus diversity and life style at the genomic level. Benthic and biphasic strains are rooting the Planktothrix phylogenetic tree and widely expand the pangenome of this genus. We further investigated in silico the genetic potential dedicated to gas vesicles production, nitrogen fixation as well as natural product synthesis and conducted complementary experimental tests by cell culture, microscopy and mass spectrometry. Significant differences for the investigated features could be evidenced between strains of different life styles. The benthic Planktothrix strains showed unexpected characteristics such as buoyancy, nitrogen fixation capacity and unique natural product features. In comparison with Microcystis, another dominant toxic bloom-forming genus in freshwater ecosystem, different evolutionary strategies were highlighted notably as Planktothrix exhibits an overall greater genetic diversity but a smaller genomic plasticity than Microcystis. Our results are shedding light on Planktothrix evolution, phylogeny and physiology in the frame of their diverse life styles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pancrace
- Institut Pasteur, Collection des Cyanobactéries, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR UPMC 113, CNRS 7618, IRD 242, INRA 1392, PARIS 7 113, UPEC, IEES Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Barny
- UMR UPMC 113, CNRS 7618, IRD 242, INRA 1392, PARIS 7 113, UPEC, IEES Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology, Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calteau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Genoscope &CNRS, UMR 8030, Laboratoire d'Analyse Bioinformatique en Génomique et Métabolisme, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5706, 91057 EVRY cedex, France
| | - Thibault Scalvenzi
- Institut Pasteur, Collection des Cyanobactéries, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jacques Pédron
- UMR UPMC 113, CNRS 7618, IRD 242, INRA 1392, PARIS 7 113, UPEC, IEES Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Genoscope, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire pour l'étude des Génomes, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5706, 91057 EVRY cedex, France
| | - Joern Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Humbert
- UMR UPMC 113, CNRS 7618, IRD 242, INRA 1392, PARIS 7 113, UPEC, IEES Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gugger
- Institut Pasteur, Collection des Cyanobactéries, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eguzozie K, Mavumengwana V, Nkosi D, Kayitesi E, Nnabuo-Eguzozie EC. Bioaccumulation and Quantitative Variations of Microcystins in the Swartspruit River, South Africa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:286-296. [PMID: 26936473 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation and quantitative variations of cyanobacterial peptide hepatotoxin intracellular microcystin in floating scums of cyanobacterium microcystis flos aquae collected from predetermined sampling sites in the Swartspruit River was investigated. Three distinct MCs variants (MC-YR, MC-LR, and MC-RR) were isolated, identified, and quantified. Additionally, two minor microcystin congeners (MC-(H4) YR), (D-Asp(3), Dha(7))MC-RR) also were identified but were not quantified. Quantitative analysis was achieved using peak areas substituted on linear regression equations: Y = 10085x - 19698 (R (2) = 0.9998), Y = 201387x + 20328 (R (2) = 0.9929), Y = 2506x + 15659 (R (2) = 0.9999), and 9859x + 208694 (R (2) = 0.9929) of standard curves for 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 μg/mL MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR respectively. Variant dominance followed the order MC-LR > MC-RR > MC-YR across the sampling sites. Analysis of maximum and minimum concentrations of quantified MCs variants showed 270.7, 14.10 (µg/g), 141.5, 1.43 (µg/g), and 72.28, 0.15 (µg/g) for MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR, respectively. This implies there was quantitative variations of microcystin congeners across the sampled sites. Significant differences between means were assessed by an analysis of variance with P < 0.05 being considered significant. Results showed that there were no significant difference between mean MCs concentrations across the sampling periods (P > 0.05) and significant difference between mean MCs concentrations across sampling sites (P < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Eguzozie
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pacheco ABF, Guedes IA, Azevedo SMFO. Is qPCR a Reliable Indicator of Cyanotoxin Risk in Freshwater? Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060172. [PMID: 27338471 PMCID: PMC4926139 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide distribution of cyanobacteria in aquatic environments leads to the risk of water contamination by cyanotoxins, which generate environmental and public health issues. Measurements of cell densities or pigment contents allow both the early detection of cellular growth and bloom monitoring, but these methods are not sufficiently accurate to predict actual cyanobacterial risk. To quantify cyanotoxins, analytical methods are considered the gold standards, but they are laborious, expensive, time-consuming and available in a limited number of laboratories. In cyanobacterial species with toxic potential, cyanotoxin production is restricted to some strains, and blooms can contain varying proportions of both toxic and non-toxic cells, which are morphologically indistinguishable. The sequencing of cyanobacterial genomes led to the description of gene clusters responsible for cyanotoxin production, which paved the way for the use of these genes as targets for PCR and then quantitative PCR (qPCR). Thus, the quantification of cyanotoxin genes appeared as a new method for estimating the potential toxicity of blooms. This raises a question concerning whether qPCR-based methods would be a reliable indicator of toxin concentration in the environment. Here, we review studies that report the parallel detection of microcystin genes and microcystin concentrations in natural populations and also a smaller number of studies dedicated to cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin. We discuss the possible issues associated with the contradictory findings reported to date, present methodological limitations and consider the use of qPCR as an indicator of cyanotoxin risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz F Pacheco
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil.
| | - Iame A Guedes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil.
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kurmayer R, Deng L, Entfellner E. Role of toxic and bioactive secondary metabolites in colonization and bloom formation by filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 54:69-86. [PMID: 27307781 PMCID: PMC4892429 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii and P. rubescens are regularly involved in the occurrence of cyanotoxin in lakes and reservoirs. Besides microcystins (MCs), which inhibit eukaryotic protein phosphatase 1 and 2A, several families of bioactive peptides are produced, thereby resulting in impressive secondary metabolite structural diversity. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the phylogeny, morphology, and ecophysiological adaptations of Planktothrix as well as the toxins and bioactive peptides produced. The relatively well studied ecophysiological adaptations (buoyancy, shade tolerance, nutrient storage capacity) can partly explain the invasiveness of this group of cyanobacteria that bloom within short periods (weeks to months). The more recent elucidation of the genetic basis of toxin and bioactive peptide synthesis paved the way for investigating its regulation both in the laboratory using cell cultures as well as under field conditions. The high frequency of several toxin and bioactive peptide synthesis genes observed within P. agardhii and P. rubescens, but not for other Planktothrix species (e.g. P. pseudagardhii), suggests a potential functional linkage between bioactive peptide production and the colonization potential and possible dominance in habitats. It is hypothesized that, through toxin and bioactive peptide production, Planktothrix act as a niche constructor at the ecosystem scale, possibly resulting in an even higher ability to monopolize resources, positive feedback loops, and resilience under stable environmental conditions. Thus, refocusing harmful algal bloom management by integrating ecological and phylogenetic factors acting on toxin and bioactive peptide synthesis gene distribution and concentrations could increase the predictability of the risks originating from Planktothrix blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kurmayer
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria.
| | - Li Deng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Entfellner
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gobler CJ, Burkholder JM, Davis TW, Harke MJ, Johengen T, Stow CA, Van de Waal DB. The dual role of nitrogen supply in controlling the growth and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 54:87-97. [PMID: 28073483 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Historically, phosphorus (P) has been considered the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton assemblages in freshwater ecosystems. This review, supported by new findings from Lake Erie, highlights recent molecular, laboratory, and field evidence that the growth and toxicity of some non-diazotrophic blooms of cyanobacteria can be controlled by nitrogen (N). Cyanobacteria such as Microcystis possess physiological adaptations that allow them to dominate low-P surface waters, and in temperate lakes, cyanobacterial densities can be controlled by N availability. Beyond total cyanobacterial biomass, N loading has been shown to selectively promote the abundance of Microcystis and Planktothrix strains capable of synthesizing microcystins over strains that do not possess this ability. Among strains of cyanobacteria capable of synthesizing the N-rich microcystins, cellular toxin quotas have been found to depend upon exogenous N supplies. Herein, multi-year observations from western Lake Erie are presented demonstrating that microcystin concentrations peak in parallel with inorganic N, but not orthophosphate, concentrations and are significantly lower (p<0.01) during years of reduced inorganic nitrogen loading and concentrations. Collectively, this information underscores the importance of N as well as P in controlling toxic cyanobacteria blooms. Furthermore, it supports the premise that management actions to reduce P in the absence of concurrent restrictions on N loading may not effectively control the growth and/or toxicity of non-diazotrophic toxic cyanobacteria such as the cosmopolitan, toxin-producing genus, Microcystis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Hwy, New York 11968, USA.
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Timothy W Davis
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Matthew J Harke
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Hwy, New York 11968, USA
| | - Tom Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Craig A Stow
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Post Office Box 50, Wageningen 6700 AB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Manganelli M, Stefanelli M, Vichi S, Andreani P, Nascetti G, Scialanca F, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanobacteria biennal dynamic in a volcanic mesotrophic lake in central Italy: Strategies to prevent dangerous human exposures to cyanotoxins. Toxicon 2016; 115:28-40. [PMID: 26948426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vico Lake, a volcanic meso-eutrophic lake in Central Italy, whose water is used for drinking and recreational activities, experienced the presence of the microcystins (MC) producing cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens. In order to assess the human health risks and to provide the local health authorities with a scientific basis for planning tailored monitoring activities, we studied P. rubescens ecology and toxicity for two years. P. rubescens generally dominated the phytoplankton community, alternating with Limnothrix redekei, potentially toxic. P. rubescens was distributed throughout the water column during winter; in summer it produced intense blooms where drinking water is collected (-20 m); here MC were detected all year round (0.5-5 μg/L), with implications for drinking water quality. In surface waters, MC posed no risk for recreational activities in summer, while in winter surface blooms and foams (containing up to 56 μg MC/L) can represent a risk for people and children practicing water sports and for animals consuming raw water. Total phosphorus, phosphate and inorganic nitrogen were not relevant to predict densities nor toxicity; however, a strong correlation between P. rubescens density and aminopeptidase ectoenzymatic activity, an enzyme involved in protein degradation, suggested a role of organic nitrogen for this species. The fraction of potentially toxic population, determined both as mcyB(+)/16SrDNA (10-100%) and as the MC/mcyB(+) cells (0.03-0.79 pg MC/cell), was much more variable than usually observed for P. rubescens. Differently from other Italian and European lakes, the correlation between cell density or the mcyB(+) cells and MC explained only ∼50 and 30% of MC variability, respectively: for Vico Lake, monitoring only cell or the mcyB(+) cell density is not sufficient to predict MC concentrations, and consequently to protect population health. Finally, during a winter bloom one site has been sampled weekly, showing that monthly sampling during such a phase could greatly underestimate the 'hazard'. Our results highlight the need to adopt a stepwise monitoring activity, considering the lake and the cyanobacteria specific features. This activity should be complemented with communication to the public and involvement of stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Manganelli
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Stefanelli
- Research, Certification and Control Division - INAIL, via Fontana candida 1, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Susanna Vichi
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Andreani
- Tutela acque - Concessioni e Risorse idriche, Provincia di Viterbo, Via del Collegio, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nascetti
- Department of Ecology and Biology - University La Tuscia, via S. Giovanni decollato 1, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Scialanca
- Department of Ecology and Biology - University La Tuscia, via S. Giovanni decollato 1, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Simona Scardala
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enzo Funari
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Heath M, Wood SA, Young RG, Ryan KG. The role of nitrogen and phosphorus in regulatingPhormidiumsp. (cyanobacteria) growth and anatoxin production. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw021. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
34
|
Hou S, Shu W, Tan S, Zhao L, Yin P. Exploration of the antioxidant system and photosynthetic system of a marine algicidal Bacillus and its effect on four harmful algal bloom species. Can J Microbiol 2015; 62:49-59. [PMID: 26634608 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel marine bacterium, strain B1, initially showed 96.4% algicidal activity against Phaeocystis globosa. Under this situation, 3 other harmful algal species (Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Prorocentrum donghaiense) were chosen to study the algicidal effects of strain B1, and the algicidal activities were 91.4%, 90.7%, and 90.6%, respectively. To explore the algicidal mechanism of strain B1 on these 4 harmful algal species, the characteristics of the antioxidant system and photosynthetic system were studied. Sensitivity to strain B1 supernatant, enzyme activity, and gene expression varied with algal species, while the algicidal patterns were similar. Strain B1 supernatant increased malondialdehyde contents; decreased chlorophyll a contents; changed total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activity; and restrained psbA, psbD, and rbcL genes expression, which eventually resulted in the algal cells death. The algicidal procedure was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, which indicated that algal cells were lysed and cellular substances were released. These findings suggested that the antioxidant and photosynthetic system of these 4 algal species was destroyed under strain B1 supernatant stress. This is the first report to explore and compare the mechanism of a marine Bacillus against harmful algal bloom species of covered 4 phyla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Hou
- a Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,b Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjiao Shu
- a Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,b Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Tan
- c Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,b Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghe Yin
- c Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,d Research Center of Analytical Testing, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lei L, Li C, Peng L, Han BP. Competition between toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa and its ecological implication. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1411-8. [PMID: 25850752 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of toxic cyanobacterial blooms has increased in recent decades, but the factors that regulate the dominance of toxin-producing cyanobacteria over non-toxin-producing strains of one species are still obscure. This study examined the effects of temperature, light intensity, nitrate and phosphate on the dominance of MC-producing and non-MC-producing strains of Microcystis aeruginosa in monoculture and co-culture experiments. In the monoculture experiments, growth rates of the non-MC-producing strain were higher than those of the MC-producing strain under the same growth conditions. However, at the end of the co-culture experiments, the MC-producing strain became surprisingly dominant in all treatments except when treated with extreme low phosphate concentrations. Higher temperatures and nutrient levels can shift the dominance more quickly towards the toxic strain. The dominance may be explained by allelopathic interactions through allelochemicals and other secondary metabolites, but not MC. Environmental factors such as extremely low phosphate content may exert an indirect effect on strain dominance by changing the production of allelochemicals. Our findings highlight the complications in predicting competitive outcome for cyanobacterial strains in natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Lei
- Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Chunlian Li
- Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sabart M, Crenn K, Perrière F, Abila A, Leremboure M, Colombet J, Jousse C, Latour D. Co-occurrence of microcystin and anatoxin-a in the freshwater lake Aydat (France): Analytical and molecular approaches during a three-year survey. HARMFUL ALGAE 2015; 48:12-20. [PMID: 29724471 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial mass occurrence is becoming a growing concern worldwide. They notably pose a threat to water users when cyanotoxins are produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and the dynamics of two cyanotoxins: microcystin (MC) and anatoxin-a (ANTX-a), and of two of the genes responsible for their production (respectively mcyA and anaC) during three consecutive bloom periods (2011, 2012 and 2013) in Lake Aydat (Auvergne, France). MC was detected at all sampling dates, but its concentration showed strong inter- and intra-annual variations. MC content did not correlate with cyanobacterial abundance, nor with any genera taken individually, but it significantly correlated with mcyA gene abundance (R2=0.51; p=0.042). MC content and mcyA gene abundance were maximal when cyanobacterial abundance was low, either at the onset of the bloom or during a trough of biomass. The LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of ANTX-a in the 2011 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of this neurotoxin in a French lake. The presence of ANTX-a corresponded to the only year for which Anabaena did not dominate the cyanobacterial community alone, and several cyanobacterial genera were present, including notably Aphanizomenon. anaC gene detection by PCR was not coherent with ANTX-a presence, both gene and toxin were never found for a same sample. This implies that molecular tools to study genes responsible for the production of anatoxin-a are still imperfect and the development of new primers is needed. This study also highlights the need for better monitoring practices that would not necessarily focus only on the peak of cyanobacterial abundance and that would take cyanotoxins other than MC into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Sabart
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France.
| | - Kristell Crenn
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France
| | - Fanny Perrière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France
| | - Angélique Abila
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) and Mass Spectrometry Facility (UBP-START), BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 FRANCE; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, FRANCE
| | - Martin Leremboure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) and Mass Spectrometry Facility (UBP-START), BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 FRANCE; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, FRANCE
| | - Jonathan Colombet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France
| | - Cyril Jousse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) and Mass Spectrometry Facility (UBP-START), BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 FRANCE; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, FRANCE
| | - Delphine Latour
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Davis TW, Bullerjahn GS, Tuttle T, McKay RM, Watson SB. Effects of increasing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on phytoplankton community growth and toxicity during Planktothrix blooms in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7197-207. [PMID: 25992592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sandusky Bay experiences annual toxic cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Planktothrix agardhii/suspensa. To further understand the environmental drivers of these events, we evaluated changes in the growth response and toxicity of the Planktothrix-dominated blooms to nutrient amendments with orthophosphate (PO4) and inorganic and organic forms of dissolved nitrogen (N; ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3) and urea) over the bloom season (June - October). We complemented these with a metagenomic analysis of the planktonic microbial community. Our results showed that bloom growth and microcystin (MC) concentrations responded more frequently to additions of dissolved N than PO4, and that the dual addition of NH4 + PO4 and Urea + PO4 yielded the highest MC concentrations in 54% of experiments. Metagenomic analysis confirmed that P. agardhii/suspensa was the primary MC producer. The phylogenetic distribution of nifH revealed that both heterocystous cyanobacteria and heterotrophic proteobacteria had the genetic potential for N2 fixation in Sandusky Bay. These results suggest that as best management practices are developed for P reductions in Sandusky Bay, managers must be aware of the negative implications of not managing N loading into this system as N may significantly impact cyanobacterial bloom size and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Davis
- †Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Taylor Tuttle
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Robert Michael McKay
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Susan B Watson
- †Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Comparison of Quantitative PCR and Droplet Digital PCR Multiplex Assays for Two Genera of Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis and Microcystis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5203-11. [PMID: 26025892 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00931-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, often linked to deteriorated water quality and adverse public health effects, has become a worldwide concern in recent decades. The use of molecular techniques such as real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) has become increasingly popular in the detection and monitoring of harmful cyanobacterial species. Multiplex qPCR assays that quantify several toxigenic cyanobacterial species have been established previously; however, there is no molecular assay that detects several bloom-forming species simultaneously. Microcystis and Cylindrospermopsis are the two most commonly found genera and are known to be able to produce microcystin and cylindrospermopsin hepatotoxins. In this study, we designed primers and probes which enable quantification of these genera based on the RNA polymerase C1 gene for Cylindrospermopsis species and the c-phycocyanin beta subunit-like gene for Microcystis species. Duplex assays were developed for two molecular techniques-qPCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). After optimization, both qPCR and ddPCR assays have high linearity and quantitative correlations for standards. Comparisons of the two techniques showed that qPCR has higher sensitivity, a wider linear dynamic range, and shorter analysis time and that it was more cost-effective, making it a suitable method for initial screening. However, the ddPCR approach has lower variability and was able to handle the PCR inhibition and competitive effects found in duplex assays, thus providing more precise and accurate analysis for bloom samples.
Collapse
|
39
|
Shang L, Feng M, Liu F, Xu X, Ke F, Chen X, Li W. The establishment of preliminary safety threshold values for cyanobacteria based on periodic variations in different microcystin congeners in Lake Chaohu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:728-739. [PMID: 25784184 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As harmful cyanobacterial proliferation threatens the safety of drinking water supplies worldwide, it is essential to establish a safety threshold (ST) for cyanobacteria to control cyanobacterial density effectively in water sources. For this purpose, cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin (MC) production, and environmental parameters were monitored monthly from September 2011 to August 2012 in one drinking water source of Lake Chaohu. The cyanobacterial density ranged from 1400 to 220 000 cells per mL with the succession of two dominant species Microcystis and Dolichospermum, which was determined by water temperature and nutrient loading. The MC concentrations were correlated significantly with the cyanobacterial density and they varied between 0.28 and 8.86 μg L(-1). Therefore, the characteristics of MC cell quotas were classified according to four stages of the development of cyanobacteria, namely: recruitment, multiplication, decline and dormancy. The ST for cyanobacteria was established for different periods based on the MC cell quota and its guideline wherein three commonly monitored MC congeners (MC-LR, -RR and -YR) were considered in the present study. Its reliability was verified in the water source using the data collected between June 2013 and May 2014. The results highlighted the necessity to classify the ST-values in different periods referring to the main MC congeners rather than MC-LR, which will facilitate the management and control of toxic cyanobacterial proliferation in drinking water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grabowska M, Kobos J, Toruńska-Sitarz A, Mazur-Marzec H. Non-ribosomal peptides produced by Planktothrix agardhii from Siemianówka Dam Reservoir SDR (northeast Poland). Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:697-707. [PMID: 24972671 PMCID: PMC4168019 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Planktothtrix agardhii (Oscillatoriales) is a filamentous cyanobacterium, which frequently forms blooms in shallow, polymictic and eutrophicated waters. This species is also a rich source of unique linear and cyclic peptides. In the current study, the profile of the peptides in samples from the P. agardhii-dominated Siemianówka Dam Reservoir (SDR) (northeast Poland) was analyzed for four subsequent years (2009-2012). The LC-MS/MS analyses revealed the presence of 33 peptides. Twelve of the most abundant ones, including five microcystins, five anabaenopeptins, one aeruginosin and one planktocyclin, were present in all field samples collected during the study. The detection of different peptides in two P. agardhii isolates indicated that the SDR population was composed of several chemotypes, characterized by different peptide patterns. The total concentration of microcystins (MCs) positively correlated with the biomass of P. agardhii. Between subsequent years, the changes in the ratio of the total MCs concentration to the biomass of P. agardhii were noticed, but they were less than threefold. This is the first study on the production of different classes of non-ribosomal peptides by freshwater cyanobacteria in Poland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grabowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Kobos
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Toruńska-Sitarz
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Variability of microcystin cell quota in metapopulations of Planktothrix rubescens: causes and implications for water management. Toxicon 2014; 90:82-96. [PMID: 25108147 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationships between microcystin (MCs) concentrations and the biovolumes of Planktothrix rubescens (BPr) in 2 natural lakes (Pusiano and Garda) and 2 artificially dammed reservoirs (Occhito and Ledro) in Italy. In all the considered water bodies, P. rubescens was the dominant cyanobacterium. All the lakes were characterized by significant relationships between MCs and BPr, with limited variability in the MC quota (the content of MCs per unit of biovolume) within each water body compared with the variability between sites. The results were consistent with the development of specific MC-genotypes, with moderate seasonal and spatial changes in the proportion between toxic and non-toxic strains. The MC cell quota obtained in our work (ECQ, Environmental Cell Quota) were in the same range of values computed on the basis of analyses made on environmental samples dominated by P. rubescens or Planktothrix agardhii, and on isolates of the same two species (<1 to over 10 μg mm(-3)). Besides the usual ordinary least square regressions, models have been evaluated by using quantile regression, a method that allows estimating the conditional median or other quantiles of the response variable. We showed that the use of quantile regressions has different advantages, which included the computation of MC quota based on the whole range of available data, the robustness against outliers, and the ability to estimate models also in cases where there is no or only weak relationships. The highest ECQ values estimated from 95% quantile regressions in specific water bodies might be used to estimate the worst-case MC concentrations from algal abundances. Nevertheless, it was stressed that a realistic assessment of toxicity and potential adverse health effects necessarily should take into account the toxicity potential of the more abundant MC-congeners produced by specific cyanobacteria populations.
Collapse
|
42
|
Pereira DA, Giani A. Cell density-dependent oligopeptide production in cyanobacterial strains. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 88:175-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Pereira
- Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Alessandra Giani
- Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gągała I, Izydorczyk K, Jurczak T, Pawełczyk J, Dziadek J, Wojtal-Frankiewicz A, Jóźwik A, Jaskulska A, Mankiewicz-Boczek J. Role of environmental factors and toxic genotypes in the regulation of microcystins-producing cyanobacterial blooms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 67:465-79. [PMID: 24241584 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand: (1) how environmental conditions can contribute to formation of Microcystis-dominated blooms in lowland, dam reservoirs in temperate climate-with the use of quantitative molecular monitoring, and (2) what is the role of toxic Microcystis genotypes in the bloom functioning. Monitoring of the Sulejow Reservoir in 2009 and 2010 in two sites Tresta (TR) and Bronislawow BR), which have different morphometry, showed that physicochemical conditions were always favorable for cyanobacterial bloom formation. In 2009, the average biomass of cyanobacteria reached 13 mg L(-1) (TR) and 8 mg L(-1) (BR), and in the second year, it decreased to approximately 1 mg L(-1) (TR and BR). In turns, the mean number of toxic Microcystis genotypes in the total Microcystis reached 1% in 2009, both in TR and BR, and in 2010, the number increased to 70% in TR and 14 % in BR. Despite significant differences in the biomass of cyanobacteria in 2009 and 2010, the mean microcystins (MCs) concentration and toxicity stayed at a similar level of approximately 1 μg L(-1). Statistical analysis indicated that water retention time was a factor that provided a significant difference between the two monitoring seasons and was considered a driver of the changes occurring in the Sulejow Reservoir. Hydrologic differences, which occurred between two studied years due to heavy flooding in Poland in 2010, influenced the decrease in number of Microcystis biomass by causing water disturbances and by lowering water temperature. Statistical analysis showed that Microcystis aeruginosa biomass and 16S rRNA gene copy number representing Microcystis genotypes in both years of monitoring could be predicted on the basis of total and dissolved phosphorus concentrations and water temperature. In present study, the number of mcyA gene copies representing toxic Microcystis genotypes could be predicted based on the biomass of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, MCs toxicity and concentration could be predicted on the basic of mcyA gene copy number and M. aeruginosa (biomass, 16S rRNA), respectively. Present findings may indicate that Microcystis can regulate the number of toxic genotypes, and in this way adjust the whole bloom to be able to produce MCs at the level which is necessary for its maintenance in the Sulejow Reservoir under stressful hydrological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gągała
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lodz, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Xu Y, Xiao P, Pan Q, Yu G, Li R. Genetic analysis on Dolichospermum (Cyanobacteria; sensu Anabaena) populations based on the culture-independent clone libraries revealed the dominant genotypes existing in Lake Taihu, China. HARMFUL ALGAE 2014; 31:76-81. [PMID: 28040113 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lake Taihu has been severely eutrophied during the last few decades and dense cyanobacterial blooms have led to a decrease in phytoplankton diversity. The cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu were mainly composed of unicellular colony-forming Microcystis and filamentous heterocystous Dolichospermum (formerly known as planktonic species of Anabaena). In contrast to that of Microcystis spp., the fundamental knowledge about diversity, abundance and dynamics of Dolichospermum populations in Lake Taihu is lacking. The present study was conducted to understand genotypic distribution, dynamics and succession of Dolichospermum populations in Lake Taihu. By sequencing 688 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of Dolichospermum, we were able to confirm that all the sequences were Dolichospermum rather than Aphanizomenon. 118 different genotypes were identified from the obtained sequences, and two genotypes (W-type and L-type) were found to dominate in the lake, representing 36.6% and 26.2% of the total sequences, respectively. These two dominant genotypes of Dolichospermum displayed the significant seasonal pattern. Stepwise regressions analysis revealed that water temperature was associated with the two dominant genotypes. The combined results implied the possible existence of ecotypes in bloom-forming cyanobacteria, probably triggered by water temperature in the lake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sabart M, Misson B, Descroix A, Duffaud E, Combourieu B, Salençon MJ, Latour D. The importance of small colonies in sustaining Microcystis population exposed to mixing conditions: an exploration through colony size, genotypic composition and toxic potential. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:747-756. [PMID: 24115626 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis is a toxic colony-forming cyanobacterium, which can bloom in a wide range of freshwater ecosystems. Despite the ecological advantage of the colonial form, few studies have paid attention to the size of Microcystis colonies in the field. With the aim of evaluating the impact of a fluctuating physical environment on the colony size, the genotypic composition and the toxic potential of a Microcystis population, we investigated five different colony size classes of a Microcystis bloom in the Grangent reservoir (France). By sequencing the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal operon, we evidenced changes in the genetic structure among size classes in response to environmental change. While similar genotypes were seen in every size class in stable conditions, new dominant genotypes appeared in the smallest colonies (< 160 μm) concomitantly with mixing conditions, strongly suggesting the importance of these colonies in response to disturbances. Moreover, these small colonies played a major role in microcystin production during this bloom, since very high microcystin contents (> 1 pg.cell.(-1)) were found in their cells. These findings indicate that the colony size distribution of a Microcystis population in response to disturbance could be an adaptive strategy that may explain its ecological success in freshwater ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Sabart
- Clermont Université, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont Ferrand, France; UMR 6023, LMGE, CNRS, BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Catherine Q, Susanna W, Isidora ES, Mark H, Aurélie V, Jean-François H. A review of current knowledge on toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacteria--ecology, toxin production and risk management. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5464-79. [PMID: 23891539 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacteria are found globally in plethora of environments. Although they have received less attention than their planktonic freshwater counterparts, it is now well established that they produce toxins and reports of their involvement in animal poisonings have increased markedly during the last decade. Most of the known cyanotoxins have been identified from benthic cyanobacteria including: the hepatotoxic microcystins, nodularins and cylindrospermopsins, the neurotoxic saxitoxins, anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a and dermatotoxins, such as lyngbyatoxin. In most countries, observations of toxic benthic cyanobacteria are fragmented, descriptive and in response to animal toxicosis events. Only a limited number of long-term studies have aimed to understand why benthic proliferations occur, and/or how toxin production is regulated. These studies have shown that benthic cyanobacterial blooms are commonly a mixture of toxic and non-toxic genotypes and that toxin concentrations can be highly variable spatially and temporally. Physiochemical parameters responsible for benthic proliferation vary among habitat type with physical disturbance (e.g., flow regimes, wave action) and nutrients commonly identified as important. As climatic conditions change and anthropogenic pressures on waterways increase, it seems likely that the prevalence of blooms of benthic cyanobacteria will increase. In this article we review current knowledge on benthic cyanobacteria: ecology, toxin-producing species, variables that regulate toxin production and bloom formation, their impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms and current monitoring and management strategies. We suggest research needs that will assist in filling knowledge gaps and ultimately allow more robust monitoring and management protocols to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quiblier Catherine
- MNHN, UMR 7245, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Université Paris Diderot, 5 rue T. Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang C, Yi YL, Hao K, Liu GL, Wang GX. Algicidal activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bung on Microcystis aeruginosa--towards identification of algicidal substance and determination of inhibition mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:997-1004. [PMID: 23810520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to isolate and identify a potent algicidal compound from extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and study the potential inhibition mechanism on Microcystis aeruginosa. Column chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation methods were carried out to yield neo-przewaquinone A, which was identified by spectral analysis. The EC50 of neo-przewaquinone A on M. aeruginosa were 4.68 mg L(-1). In addition, neo-przewaquinone A showed relatively higher security on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, with the EC50 values of 14.78 and 10.37 mg L(-1), respectively. For the potential inhibition mechanisms, neo-przewaquinone A caused M. aeruginosa cells morphologic damage or lysis, increased malondialdehyde content and decreased the soluble protein content, total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly inhibited three photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbD, and rbcL). The results demonstrated the algicidal effect of neo-przewaquinone A on M. aeruginosa and provided the possible inhibition mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sinang SC, Reichwaldt ES, Ghadouani A. Spatial and temporal variability in the relationship between cyanobacterial biomass and microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:6379-6395. [PMID: 23232847 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-3031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms, together with the difficulties to reliably predict cyanobacterial toxin (e.g. microcystins) concentration, has created the need to assess the predictive ability and variability of the cyanobacterial biomass-microcystin relationship, which is currently used to assess the risk to human and ecosystems health. To achieve this aim, we assessed the relationship between cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin concentration on a spatiotemporal scale by quantifying the concentration of cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin in eight lakes over 9 months. On both a temporal and spatial scale, the variability of microcystin concentration exceeded that of cyanobacterial biomass by up to four times. The relationship between cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin was weak and site specific. The variability of cyanobacterial biomass only explained 25 % of the variability in total microcystin concentration and 7 % of the variability of cellular microcystin concentration. Although a significant correlation does not always imply real cause, the results of multiple linear regression analysis suggest that the variability of cyanobacterial biomass and cellular microcystin concentration is influenced by salinity and total phosphorus, respectively. The weak cyanobacterial biomass-microcystin relationship, coupled with the fact that microcystin was present in concentrations exceeding the WHO drinking water guidelines (1 μg L(-1)) in most of the collected samples, emphasizes the high risk of error connected to the traditional indirect microcystin risk assessment method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Som Cit Sinang
- Aquatic Ecology and Ecosystem Studies, School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M015, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Papadimitriou T, Katsiapi M, Kormas KA, Moustaka-Gouni M, Kagalou I. Artificially-born "killer" lake: phytoplankton based water quality and microcystin affected fish in a reconstructed lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 452-453:116-124. [PMID: 23500405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lake Karla (Greece) is an example of a lake ecosystem which was dried in 1960's and now is restored, facing various anthropogenic pressures, whereas it is also listed in the network of Greek protected areas in terms of its conservation value. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of microcystins (MCYST) in the lake water and their accumulation in tissues of the commercial fish species Cyprinus carpio, along with the highlighting of phytoplankton community and general limnological features of Lake Karla, a newly reconstructed lake, the first year of its refilling. MCYST concentrations in water and fish tissues were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results suggest that Lake Karla has undergone a progressive cultural eutrophication with frequent cyanobacterial blooms. The most dominant species in lake's phytoplankton were Anabaenopsis elenkinii, Sphaerospermopsis and Planktothrix agardhii. MCYST concentrations were detected in water samples comparable to those reported for other eutrophicated Mediterranean lakes while considerable amounts of MCYST were detected in the tissues of the species C. carpio in the following order: liver>kidney>brain>intestine>muscles. The presence of prominent cyanobacterial blooms dominated by toxic species highlights the need to undertake eutrophication control measures so as to avoid further toxicological problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Th Papadimitriou
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Driscoll WW, Espinosa NJ, Eldakar OT, Hackett JD. Allelopathy as an emergent, exploitable public good in the bloom-forming microalga Prymnesium parvum. Evolution 2013; 67:1582-90. [PMID: 23730753 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many microbes cooperatively secrete extracellular products that favorably modify their environment. Consistent with social evolution theory, structured habitats play a role in maintaining these traits in microbial model systems, by localizing the benefits and separating strains that invest in these products from 'cheater' strains that benefit without paying the cost. It is thus surprising that many unicellular, well-mixed microalgal populations invest in extracellular toxins that confer ecological benefits upon the entire population, for example, by eliminating nutrient competitors (allelopathy). Here we test the hypotheses that microalgal exotoxins are (1) exploitable public goods that benefit all cells, regardless of investment, or (2) nonexploitable private goods involved in cell-level functions. We test these hypotheses with high-toxicity (TOX+) and low-toxicity (TOX-) strains of the damaging, mixotrophic microalga Prymnesium parvum and two common competitors: green algae and diatoms. TOX+ actually benefits from dense populations of competing green algae, which can also be prey for P. parvum, yielding a relative fitness advantage over coexisting TOX-. However, with nonprey competitors (diatoms), TOX- increases in frequency over TOX+, despite benefiting from the exclusion of diatoms by TOX+. An evolutionary unstable, ecologically devastating public good may emerge from traits selected at lower levels expressed in novel environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Driscoll
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|