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Cantón-Habas V, Rich-Ruiz M, Martínez-Martos JM, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Carrera-González MP. Determination of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II and secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva of patients with dementia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1689-1696. [PMID: 37838644 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of pain and dementia increases with age, affecting a significant percentage of the population due to aging. Both pathologies are connected through the inflammatory process, specifically through the tumor necrosis factor. The effect of this cytokine is mediated through the modulation of its TNFRI and TNFRII receptors, which are linked to the dementia process. In addition, immunoglobulins such as secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) have been recognized as one of the main biomarkers of pain in saliva. sTNFRII and sIgA levels were determined in saliva samples by ELISA from healthy people and patients with dementia in GDS stages 5-7. The concentrations of these markers were also correlated with the GDS stage and sex. We observed a significant decrease (*** p ≤ 0.001) in the levels of sTNFRII (pg/mL) and a significant increase (** p ≤ 0.01) in the levels of sIgA (ng/mL) in the saliva of patients with dementia compared to the healthy control group. We did not observe a correlation with the data of the biomarkers regarding the GDS stage and sex. The results obtained for sTNFRII are consistent with those obtained by other authors on brain tissue, who conclude that unopposed neuronal TNFRI signaling, when TNFRII is selectively downregulated, leads to a more severe course of AD pathogenesis. Regarding sIgA, the elevated values of sIgA may reflect the immune status of these patients. Therefore, these biomarkers can provide us with relevant information through a non-invasive method such as saliva analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cantón-Habas
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC) IMIBIC Building, Reina, Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Rich-Ruiz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC) IMIBIC Building, Reina, Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - M J Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - M P Carrera-González
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC) IMIBIC Building, Reina, Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Lapa T, Páscoa RNMJ, Coimbra F, Medeiros L, Gomes PS. Oral squamous cell carcinoma identification by FTIR spectroscopy of oral biofluids. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 39286967 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This case study evaluated the efficacy of mid-infrared spectroscopy on the identification of oral squamous cell carcinoma, following the assessment of unstimulated whole saliva. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The trial follows a matched case-control design. Saliva samples were characterized through mid-infrared spectroscopy, and chemometric tools were applied to distinguish between case and control participants, further identifying the spectral regions that played a pivotal role in the successful identification of oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS Mid-infrared spectroscopy was capable to discriminate between cancer patients and matched controls with 100% of correct predictions. Additionally, the spectral regions mostly contributing to the successful prediction were identified and found to be potentially associated with significant molecular changes crucial to the carcinogenic process. CONCLUSION The application of mid-infrared spectroscopy in saliva analysis may be regarded as an innovative, noninvasive, low cost, and sensitive technique contributing to the identification of oral squamous cell carcionma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lapa
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N M J Páscoa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Coimbra
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Medeiros
- Department of Stomatology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Gomes
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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McGarity-Shipley EC, Lew LA, Bonafiglia JT, Pyke KE. The acute effect of a laboratory shame induction protocol on endothelial function in young, healthy adults. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:978-993. [PMID: 35584040 DOI: 10.1113/ep090396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Shame is a form of social stress which involves internalizing social devaluations imposed by others. The aim of this study was to determine, for the first time, how acutely experiencing shame impacts endothelial function. What is the main finding and its importance? Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, an index of endothelial function, was impaired following an intervention that acutely increased self reported shame. This occurred without increases in cortisol or tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor binding. Frequent or prolonged shame induced endothelial dysfunction could have important cardiovascular consequences. ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a shame induction protocol on endothelial function. Methods Fifteen participants (n = 7 men, n = 8 women) completed both a written shame induction and control protocol on two different experimental days. Pre- and post-protocol we assessed: 1) Endothelial function and arterial shear rate via a standard brachial artery reactive hyperemia flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test across two post-intervention time points (15 and 35-min post); 2) Perceived shame via the Experiential Shame Scale (ESS), and; 3) Cortisol and sTNFαRII (soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor) through oral fluid analysis. Results Shame increased after the shame induction protocol (pre: 2.9±.6 vs. post: 3.7±.5, p<.001) but not the control protocol (pre: 3.0±.5 vs. post: 2.8±.5, p = .15) (protocol by time interaction: p<.001). When all three time points were included in the analysis, %FMD did not change over time. Considering only the lowest point, %FMD significantly decreased in response to the shame protocol (pre: 4.8±1.9 vs. post: 3.2±1.6, p<.001) but not the control protocol (4.2±1.8 vs. post: 3.8±1.5, p = .45) (protocol by time interaction: p = .035). Covariation of the shear rate stimulus for FMD did not alter the FMD results. When including both the control and shame protocol, but not the shame protocol alone, increased shame was significantly associated with decreased FMD (r = -.37, p<.046). There were no significant time by protocol interaction effects for cortisol or sTNFαRII. Conclusions Temporary increases in shame may cause transient endothelial dysfunction which, if chronically repeated, could manifest as reduced vasoprotection against atherosclerosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C McGarity-Shipley
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Lew
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob T Bonafiglia
- Muscle Physiology Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyra E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Oral lichen planus identification by mid-infrared spectroscopy of oral biofluids: A case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:126-133. [PMID: 35390336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aims to access the effectiveness of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy on the identification of the reticular form of OLP, following the assessment of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and oral mucosa transudate (OMT). MATERIAL AND METHODS The trial follows a case-control design. Samples were characterized through MIR spectroscopy and chemometric tools were applied to distinguish between case and control participants, further identifying the spectral regions with the highest contribution to the developed models. RESULTS MIR spectroscopy was capable to discriminate between OLP patients and controls with 95.1% and 85.4% of correct predictions, regarding GCF and OMT samples, respectively. Additionally, the spectral regions mostly contributing to the successful prediction were identified, and possibly related with the distinctive presence of amino acids/proteins and oxidative stress mediators in oral biofluids, supporting the role of the immune-inflammatory activation on OLP etiology and disease course. CONCLUSION MIR spectroscopy analysis of GCF and OMT may be regarded as an innovative, non-invasive, low cost and sensitive technique, contributing to the identification of the reticular from of OLP.
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Dobaño C, Alonso S, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Rubio R, Santano R, Barrios D, Pons Tomas G, Melé Casas M, Hernández García M, Girona-Alarcón M, Puyol L, Baro B, Millat-Martínez P, Ajanovic S, Balanza N, Arias S, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, García-Miquel A, Bonet-Carné E, Claverol J, Cubells M, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Codina A, Bassat Q, Muñoz-Almagro C, Fernández de Sevilla M, Gratacós E, Izquierdo L, García-García JJ, Aguilar R, Jordan I, Moncunill G. Multiplex Antibody Analysis of IgM, IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Serum From Infected Children and Their Close Contacts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:751705. [PMID: 35154094 PMCID: PMC8828491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.751705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 affects children to a lesser extent than adults but they can still get infected and transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their contacts. Field deployable non-invasive sensitive diagnostic techniques are needed to evaluate the infectivity dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric populations and guide public health interventions, particularly if this population is not fully vaccinated. We evaluated the utility of high-throughput Luminex assays to quantify saliva IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens in a contacts and infectivity longitudinal study in 122 individuals (52 children and 70 adults). We compared saliva versus serum/plasma samples in infected children and adults diagnosed by weekly RT-PCR over 35 days (n=62), and those who consistently tested negative over the same follow up period (n=60), in the Summer of 2020 in Barcelona, Spain. Saliva antibody levels in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals were significantly higher than in negative individuals and correlated with those measured in sera/plasmas. Asymptomatic infected individuals had higher levels of anti-S IgG than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective anti-disease role for antibodies. Higher anti-S IgG and IgM levels in serum/plasma and saliva, respectively, in infected children compared to infected adults could also be related to stronger clinical immunity in them. Among infected children, males had higher levels of saliva IgG to N and RBD than females. Despite overall correlation, individual clustering analysis suggested that responses that may not be detected in blood could be patent in saliva, and vice versa. In conclusion, measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific saliva antibodies should be considered as a complementary non-invasive assay to serum/plasma to determine COVID-19 prevalence and transmission in pediatric populations before and after vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons Tomas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - María Melé Casas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - María Hernández García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Baro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Ajanovic
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arias
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix García-Miquel
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Bonet-Carné
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubells
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Biobank Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José García-García
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
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Dobaño C, Alonso S, Fernández de Sevilla M, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Pons Tomas G, Jairoce C, Melé Casas M, Rubio R, Hernández García M, Ruiz-Olalla G, Girona-Alarcón M, Barrios D, Santano R, Mitchell RA, Puyol L, Mayer L, Chi J, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, Garcia-Miquel A, Bonet-Carne E, Claverol J, Cubells M, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Jou C, Muñoz-Almagro C, Izquierdo L, Bassat Q, Gratacós E, Aguilar R, García-García JJ, Moncunill G, Jordan I. Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain. BMC Med 2021; 19:309. [PMID: 34809617 PMCID: PMC8608564 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. METHODS Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. RESULTS Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. CONCLUSION Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain. .,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons Tomas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Melé Casas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Hernández García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Leonie Mayer
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Garcia-Miquel
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Bonet-Carne
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubells
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Biobank Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan José García-García
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain. .,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Behrens GA, Brehm M, Groß R, Heider J, Sauter J, Baier DM, Wehde T, Castriciano S, Schmidt AH, Lange V. Noninvasive Determination of CMV Serostatus From Dried Buccal Swab Samples: Assay Development, Validation, and Application to 1.2 Million Samples. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1152-1159. [PMID: 32052845 PMCID: PMC8514182 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal swab sampling constitutes an attractive noninvasive alternative to blood drawings for antibody serostatus assays. Here we describe a method to determine the cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (CMV IgG) serostatus from dried buccal swab samples. METHODS Upon solubilization, CMV IgG is determined by an ELISA assay specifically adapted to cope with low IgG concentrations. The derived CMV titer is normalized against the total protein concentration to adjust for incorrectly or less efficiently sampled buccal swabs. Assay parameters were optimized on a set of 713 samples. RESULTS Validation with 1784 samples revealed distinct results for > 80% of samples with 98.6% specificity and 99.1% sensitivity. Based on the analysis of 1.2 million samples we derived age- and sex-stratified CMV prevalence statistics for Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, and Chile. To confirm accuracy of the assay in routine operation, the CMV status of 6518 donors was reassessed by independent laboratories based on conventional blood samples revealing 96.9% specificity and 97.4% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The assay accurately delivers the CMV IgG serostatus from dried buccal swab samples for > 80% of the participants. Thereby it provides a noninvasive alternative to plasma-based CMV monitoring for nondiagnostic purposes such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donor screening or population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rita Groß
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Dolsen EA, Harvey AG. IL-6, sTNF-R2, and CRP in the context of sleep, circadian preference, and health in adolescents with eveningness chronotype: Cross-sectional and longitudinal treatment effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105241. [PMID: 33932814 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation-related processes have emerged as a biological pathway related to adolescent development. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers with sleep, circadian preference, and health at baseline and following treatment. METHODS Participants included 165 adolescents (58.2% female, mean age 14.7 years, 42.4% taking medication) "at-risk" in at least one domain (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical health) who received a sleep-based intervention. Self-reported eveningness as well as total sleep time (TST) and bedtime from sleep diary were assessed at baseline and following treatment. Baseline soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (sTNF-R2) and interleukin (IL)-6 were assayed from oral mucosal transudate. Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed from saliva. RESULTS At baseline, shorter TST was associated with more emotional risk among adolescents with higher CRP (b = -0.014, p = 0.007). Greater eveningness was related to more behavioral risk in the context of lower IL-6 (b = -0.142, p = 0.005). Following treatment, lower baseline IL-6 was associated with reduced behavioral risk (Χ2 = 8.06, p = 0.045) and lower baseline CRP was related to reduced physical health risk (Χ2 = 9.34, p = 0.025). Baseline inflammatory markers were not significantly associated with sleep, circadian, or other health domain change following treatment. CONCLUSIONS There was cross-sectional evidence that sleep and circadian dysfunction differentially relate to emotional and behavioral health risk for high and low levels of inflammatory markers. Longitudinal analyses indicated that lower levels of baseline inflammatory markers may be related to better treatment response to a sleep-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Dolsen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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9
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Vernerová A, Krčmová LK, Heneberk O, Radochová V, Strouhal O, Kašparovský A, Melichar B, Švec F. Chromatographic method for the determination of inflammatory biomarkers and uric acid in human saliva. Talanta 2021; 233:122598. [PMID: 34215086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of concentration of biomarkers of the activation of immune system, uric acid, and creatinine in the saliva can be useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of early manifestations of diseases such as malignant, inflammatory, and periodontal disorders. We have developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with fluorescence and diode array detection for the separation and quantification of neopterin, tryptophan, creatinine, uric acid, and kynurenine in the human saliva. A separation of these analytes was achieved within 9 min by using second-generation monolithic stationary phase and elution with phosphate buffer. The present method involves very simple sample preparation requiring small amount of sample matrix. The internal standard 3-nitro-l-tyrosine was used for a more precise quantification. The sensitivity of the present method was demonstrated with lower limits of quantification of 0.6 × 10-3 μmol/L for neopterin, 0.725 μmol/L for tryptophan, 0.12 μmol/L for creatinine, 0.18 μmol/L for uric acid, and 0.135 μmol/L for kynurenine. The method was validated with 67 real-life saliva samples collected from patients suffering from breast, ovarian, colorectal, and renal cancer, and 19 saliva samples from patients with periodontal diseases and allowed monitoring of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vernerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Heneberk
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Radochová
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Kašparovský
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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10
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The Association of Saliva Cytokines and Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion Outcomes. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 35:354-362. [PMID: 32881769 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore cytokine alterations following pediatric sports-related concussion (SRC) and whether a specific cytokine profile could predict symptom burden and time to return to sports (RTS). SETTING Sports Medicine Clinic. PARTICIPANTS Youth ice hockey participants (aged 12-17 years) were recruited prior to the 2013-2016 hockey season. DESIGN Prospective exploratory cohort study. MAIN MEASURE Following SRC, saliva samples were collected and a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 3 (SCAT3) was administered within 72 hours of injury and analyzed for cytokines. Additive regression of decision stumps was used to model symptom burden and length to RTS based on cytokine and clinical features. RRelieFF feature selection was used to determine the predictive value of each cytokine and clinical feature, as well as to identify the optimal cytokine profile for the symptom burden and RTS. RESULTS Thirty-six participants provided samples post-SRC (81% male; age 14.4 ± 1.3 years). Of these, 10 features, sex, number of previous concussions, and 8 cytokines, were identified to lead to the best prediction of symptom severity (r = 0.505, P = .002), while 12 cytokines, age, and history of previous concussions predicted the number of symptoms best (r = 0.637, P < .001). The prediction of RTS led to the worst results, requiring 21 cytokines, age, sex, and number of previous concussions as features (r = -0.320, P = .076). CONCLUSIONS In pediatric ice hockey participants following SRC, there is evidence of saliva cytokine profiles that are associated with increased symptom burden. However, further studies are needed.
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Riis JL, Ahmadi H, Silke O, Granger SW, Bryce CI, Granger DA. Correspondence Between Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin-G Levels Measured in Saliva and Serum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2095. [PMID: 32983163 PMCID: PMC7484902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects more than 80% of the global population. While mostly asymptomatic, HCMV infection can be serious among the immunocompromised, and it is implicated in chronic disease pathophysiology in adulthood. Large-scale minimally invasive HCMV screening could advance research and public health efforts to monitor infection prevalence and prevent or mitigate downstream risks associated with infection. We examine the utility of measuring HCMV immunoglobulin-G (IgG) levels in saliva as an index of serum levels. Matched serum and saliva samples from healthy adults (N = 98; 44% female; 51% white) were assayed for HCMV IgG, total salivary protein, and salivary markers related to oral inflammation, blood, and tissue integrity. We examine the serum-saliva association for HCMV IgG and assess the influence of participant characteristics and factors specific to the oral compartment (e.g., oral inflammation) on HCMV IgG levels and cross-specimen relations. We found a robust serum-saliva association for HCMV IgG with serum antibody levels accounting for >60% of the variance in salivary levels. This relation remained after adjusting for key demographic and oral immune-related variables. Compared to the serum test, the salivary HCMV IgG test had 51% sensitivity and 97% specificity. With improvements in assay performance and sample optimization, HCMV antibody levels in oral fluids may be a useful proxy for serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Riis
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Olivia Silke
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steve W. Granger
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, United States
| | - Crystal I. Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, United States
- Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Salivary Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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12
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Slavish DC, Jones DR, Smyth JM, Engeland CG, Song S, McCormick NM, Graham-Engeland JE. Positive and Negative Affect and Salivary Markers of Inflammation Among Young Adults. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:282-293. [PMID: 31222631 PMCID: PMC8374836 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that higher circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood are associated with higher negative affect (NA) and lower positive affect (PA). To our knowledge, the unique associations between NA and PA in daily life and salivary biomarkers of inflammation have not been examined. This study examined these associations in young adults. METHODS Measures of NA and PA were created from aggregated daily measures of affect (morning and evening ratings averaged across 14 days). We investigated associations between these measures and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in a sample of 108 young adults (60% female, mean age = 20.45 ± 1.47), a subset of whom had self-reported chronic back pain (n = 49). CRP and IL-6 were determined from saliva obtained at the end of the daily diary period. RESULTS After covarying for age, gender, body mass index, chronic pain status, salivary flow rate, and NA, higher PA was associated with lower salivary CRP (β = - 0.02, 95% CI (- 0.03, - 0.00) sr2 = .06, p = .01) but not IL-6; removing NA from this model did not change results. In a model with the same covariates (and PA), NA was not significantly related to CRP or IL-6. Chronic back pain status and gender did not moderate results. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher PA may be associated with lower salivary CRP in young adults, even after accounting for NA and demographic characteristics. Findings highlight the utility of assessing emotional states in relation to salivary markers of inflammation in future biobehavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sunmi Song
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nolan M McCormick
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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13
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Cantón-Habas V, Carrera-González MDP, Moreno-Casbas MT, Quesada-Gómez JM, Rich-Ruiz M. Correlation between biomarkers of pain in saliva and PAINAD scale in elderly people with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate: descriptive study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032927. [PMID: 31712347 PMCID: PMC6858249 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is an under-diagnosed problem in elderly people, especially in those with cognitive impairment who are unable to verbalise their pain. Although the Pain assessment in advanced dementia scale (PAINAD) scale is a tool recognised for its clinical interest in this type of patients, its correlation with the saliva biomarkers reinforced its utility. The aim of this research will be to correlate the scores of this scale with the levels of biomarkers of pain found in saliva samples of patients with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an observational study. The level of pain will be evaluated using the PAINAD scale. Moreover, pain biomarkers, in particular secretory IgA and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type II, will be determined in saliva. Both assessments will be conducted in 75 patients aged over 65 years with advanced cognitive impairment and inability to communicate. The PAINAD scores will be correlated with the levels of these biomarkers of pain. A control group consisting of 75 healthy subjects aged over 65 years will be included in the study. Moreover, sociodemographic variables and variables related to pain, dementia and other clinical conditions will be recorded. The analysis will be performed with the statistical package SPSS V.22 and the software R. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been reviewed and approved by the Andalusian Human Research Ethics Committee. In addition, this study has been financed by the Junta de Andalucía through a regional health research fund (Research code: PI-0357-2017). The results will be actively disseminated trough a high-impact journal in our study area, conference presentations and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/ Universidad de Córdoba/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Carrera-González
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/ Universidad de Córdoba/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) & Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/ Universidad de Córdoba/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Moscicki AB, Yao TJ, Russell JS, Farhat S, Scott M, Magpantay L, Halec G, Shiboski CH, Ryder MI. Biomarkers of oral inflammation in perinatally HIV-infected and perinatally HIV-exposed, uninfected youth. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1072-1082. [PMID: 31385616 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine oral biomarkers that have been associated with periodontal disease progression in HIV-infected adults in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected youth. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multicentre substudy of youth participating in the Oral Health Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort study. Gingival crevicular fluid repository samples from participants with and without periodontal disease (using Gingival Index [GI] and Bleeding on Probing [BOP] parameters on dental examination) were tested for concentration levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Associations were assessed using Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation. RESULTS For perinatal HIV youth (n = 129), the markers consistently elevated (p < .05) in sites with GI ≥2 and in sites with BOP were interleukin-1β, 6 and 13, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and metalloproteinase-9. Serum tumour necrosis factor-α and soluble CD14 were positively correlated with a summary count of elevated cytokines. No associations were seen among HIV-uninfected subjects (n = 71). CONCLUSIONS The association of oral biomarkers of inflammation with clinical indicators of periodontal inflammation and systemic immune activation suggests that perinatal HIV-infected youth may be at higher risk for developing significant periodontal disease, associated with tooth loss and HIV progression. More frequent dental care of this group is needed to prevent potential periodontal progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Russell
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Larry Magpantay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gordana Halec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline H Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark I Ryder
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Santos Filho EXD, Arantes DAC, Oton Leite AF, Batista AC, Mendonça EFD, Marreto RN, Naves LN, Lima EM, Valadares MC. Randomized clinical trial of a mucoadhesive formulation containing curcuminoids (Zingiberaceae) and Bidens pilosa Linn (Asteraceae) extract (FITOPROT) for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis - phase I study. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dolsen MR, Soehner AM, Harvey AG. Proinflammatory Cytokines, Mood, and Sleep in Interepisode Bipolar Disorder and Insomnia: A Pilot Study With Implications for Psychosocial Interventions. Psychosom Med 2018; 80:87-94. [PMID: 28914726 PMCID: PMC5741462 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proinflammatory cytokines are associated with bipolar disorder (BD), but less is known about how cytokines function during the interepisode period. This study examined cytokines, mood symptoms, and sleep in individuals with interepisode BD with complaints of insomnia. We also investigated the effects of a BD-specific modification of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTI-BP) on cytokine levels. METHODS Twenty-two adults with interepisode BD type I and insomnia were drawn from a subset of a National Institute of Mental Health funded study. Participants were randomly allocated to CBTI-BP (n = 11) or psychoeducation (n = 11). Participants completed a sleep diary, rated self-report measures of mania and depression, and provided samples assayed for interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor 2 (sTNF-R2). RESULTS IL-6 was associated with mania symptoms (rs = 0.44, p = .041) and total sleep time (rs = -0.49, p = .026). IL-6 was related to depression symptoms at the trend level (rs = 0.43, p = .052). sTNF-R2 was not significantly related to mood or sleep measures. From pretreatment to posttreatment, CBTI-BP compared with psychoeducation was associated with a nonsignificant, large effect size decrease in IL-6 (z = -1.61, p = .13, d = -0.78) and a nonsignificant, small-medium effect size decrease in sTNF-R2 (z = -0.79, p = .44, d = -0.38). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence that IL-6 is related to mania symptoms and shorter total sleep time in interepisode BD. A treatment that targets sleep in BD could potentially decrease IL-6 although replication is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriane M. Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Fakhry C, Qeadan F, Gilman RH, Yori P, Kosek M, Patterson N, Eisele DW, Gourin CG, Chitguppi C, Marks M, Gravitt P. Oral sampling methods are associated with differences in immune marker concentrations. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:E214-E221. [PMID: 29171655 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the concentration and distribution of immune markers in paired oral samples were similar. STUDY TYPE Clinical research. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Paired saliva and oral secretions (OS) samples were collected. The concentration of immune markers was estimated using Luminex multiplex assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). For each sample, the concentration of respective immune markers was normalized to total protein present and log-transformed. Median concentrations of immune markers were compared between both types of samples. Intermarker correlation in each sampling method and across sampling methods was evaluated. RESULTS There were 90 study participants. Concentrations of immune markers in saliva samples were significantly different from concentrations in OS samples. Oral secretions samples showed higher concentrations of immunoregulatory markers, whereas the saliva samples contained proinflammatory markers in higher concentration. CONCLUSION The immune marker profile in saliva samples is distinct from the immune marker profile in paired OS samples. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b. Laryngoscope, 128:E214-E221, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fares Qeadan
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Yori
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret Kosek
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - David W Eisele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine G Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Morgan Marks
- Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patti Gravitt
- Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
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Riis JL, Bryce CI, Ha T, Hand T, Stebbins JL, Matin M, Jaedicke KM, Granger DA. Adiponectin: Serum-saliva associations and relations with oral and systemic markers of inflammation. Peptides 2017; 91:58-64. [PMID: 28363793 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in our understanding about the validity and utility of using salivary adiponectin to index serum adiponectin levels. Matched blood and saliva samples were collected on a single occasion from healthy adults (n=99; age 18-36 years, 53% male). Serum and saliva was assayed for adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), and saliva was also assayed for markers of blood contamination (transferrin), total protein (salivary flow rate) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). We examined the extent to which salivary adiponectin was associated with serum adiponectin, and the influence of potential confounders on the serum-saliva correlation, including age, sex, body mass index, and markers of inflammation, oral health, salivary blood contamination, and flow rate. Findings revealed a modest serum-saliva association for adiponectin, and strong positive associations between salivary adiponectin and salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-8, transferrin, and total protein. By contrast, salivary adiponectin was not related to serum levels of inflammatory activity. The magnitude of the serum-saliva association was strengthened when controlling for total protein in saliva, blood leakage into oral fluid, salivary inflammatory cytokines, and MMP-8. The pattern of findings extends our understanding of salivary adiponectin and its potential use as an index of circulating adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracey Hand
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - John L Stebbins
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Marla Matin
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Katrin M Jaedicke
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA; Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
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19
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Khozeymeh F, Mortazavi M, Khalighinejad N, Akhavankhaleghi M, Alikhani M. Salivary levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 13:69-73. [PMID: 26962319 PMCID: PMC4770473 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.174720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). IL-6 and TNF-α are toxins which deteriorate renal function, and their pathogenic role has been confirmed in cardiovascular and oral diseases. This study was designed to investigate the salivary levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with ESRD who were treated with 4 h HD sessions, with low flux membrane were included in this cross-sectional study. Average Kt/V index in patients was 1.19 ± 0.1. Twenty age-sex-matched healthy controls with no infectious diseases during 1 month before saliva sampling were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and TNF-α and IL-6, concentrations were measured using human IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kits. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS (α = 0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between dialysis and control groups regarding the salivary levels of TNF-α (P = 0.034) and IL-6 (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study and reported role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and oral diseases, measurement of salivary IL-6 and TNF-α in HD patients may help in risk stratification of HD patients and in planning pertinent preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Khozeymeh
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mortazavi
- Department of Nephrology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Navid Khalighinejad
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Milad Alikhani
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Quantitative Analysis of Salivary TNF-α in Oral Lichen Planus Patients. Int J Dent 2015; 2015:283465. [PMID: 25861271 PMCID: PMC4377476 DOI: 10.1155/2015/283465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in oral lichen planus patients and to compare the levels of TNF-α between saliva and serum of OLP and controls. Methods. Serum and whole saliva from 30 patients with active lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP) and 30 healthy persons were investigated for the presence of TNF-α by enzyme immunoassay. Student's independent t-test and two-sample binomial proportion test were used to calculate significance of the mean values of TNF-alpha in serum and saliva and to determine the proportions of the detected and nondetected samples in both groups. Results. Proportion of detection and the mean of detectability between saliva and serum of Group B show an almost equal value, which suggests that saliva can be a good alternate to serum to analyze TNF-α in oral lichen planus patients.
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21
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Riis JL, Granger DA, DiPietro JA, Bandeen-Roche K, Johnson SB. Salivary cytokines as a minimally-invasive measure of immune functioning in young children: correlates of individual differences and sensitivity to laboratory stress. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 57:153-67. [PMID: 25604242 PMCID: PMC4538328 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in minimally-invasive measures of environmentally-responsive biological systems in developmental science. Contributing to that endeavor, this study explores the intercorrelations, correlates, and task-sensitivity of proinflammatory salivary cytokines in childhood. Saliva was sampled from 125 healthy five-year old children (49% male) across a series of cognitive and emotional challenge laboratory tasks. Samples were assayed for cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), and markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation (salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase [sAA]). Cytokines were positively intercorrelated and task-sensitivity varied. Except IL-8, cytokines were elevated in children with oral health issues and tobacco smoke exposure. Among boys, cytokines were positively related to sAA and negatively related to cortisol. The findings suggest that in healthy children, salivary cytokine levels reflect compartmentalized oral immune activity. Associations between ANS and HPA activity and cytokines in saliva may present opportunities for minimally-invasive methods to explore neuroendocrine-immune interactions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Riis
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary, Bioscience Research Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Janet A. DiPietro
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sara B. Johnson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary, Bioscience Research Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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22
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Mounayar R, Morzel M, Brignot H, Tremblay-Franco M, Canlet C, Lucchi G, Ducoroy P, Feron G, Neyraud E. Nutri-metabolomics applied to taste perception phenotype: human subjects with high and low sensitivity to taste of fat differ in salivary response to oleic acid. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:666-72. [PMID: 25333684 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Saliva has different functions in the mouth and is involved, for example, in taste perception. Saliva composition can also be modified rapidly by taste stimulation. It remains unclear, however, whether the perceived intensity of a tastant may modulate this response. Based on increasing evidence that fat can be perceived by the taste system and that fat taste perception may be associated with fat intake, the aim of this work was to study if stimulation by a fatty acid (oleic acid) modifies saliva composition differently in subjects highly (sensitive+) or weakly (sensitive-) sensitive to that taste. For that purpose, saliva of two groups of subjects was collected after stimulation by either a control emulsion or an emulsion containing 5.61 mM oleic acid. Saliva was analyzed by 2D electrophoresis and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The results show that sensitive+ and sensitive- subjects differ in their salivary response in terms of proteome and metabolome composition. Oppositely to sensitive- subjects, sensitive+ subjects responded to oleic acid by increased abundance of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta, and organic acids, and decreased abundance of metabolites characteristic of mucins. The results highlight that modification of saliva composition by taste stimulation may be modulated by taste perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mounayar
- 1 CNRS, UMR6265, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation , Dijon, France
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23
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Al-Muhtaseb SI. Serum and saliva protein levels in females with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2752-2756. [PMID: 25364460 PMCID: PMC4214488 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the change in the total protein content between the serum and saliva of female patients with breast cancer and in healthy females. The study was conducted between October 2012 and November 2013. There were 80 females in the present study with 40 breast cancer patients and 40 healthy control subjects, with an age range of 50-70 years. The results of the study showed that the mean value ± standard deviation of the total serum protein in patients with breast cancer was 7.63±0.41 g/dl, whereas in the healthy subjects it was 6.14±1.84 g/dl. The total salivary protein measurement was 0.14±0.07 g/dl and 0.25±0.09 g/dl in the breast cancer and healthy group, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the total serum protein was higher in female patients with breast cancer, whereas the levels in the saliva were lower compared to the healthy female group. The results of the present study indicate that serum protein levels may be used for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Isa Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Medical Allied Science, Zarka University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11196, Jordan
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24
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John-Henderson N, Jacobs EG, Mendoza-Denton R, Francis DD. Wealth, health, and the moderating role of implicit social class bias. Ann Behav Med 2014; 45:173-9. [PMID: 23229159 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective social status (captured by the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status) is in many cases a stronger predictor of health outcomes than objective socioeconomic status (SES). PURPOSE The study aims to test whether implicit beliefs about social class moderate the relationship between subjective social status and inflammation. METHODS We measured implicit social class bias, subjective social status, SES, and baseline levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker of inflammation, in 209 healthy adults. RESULTS Implicit social class bias significantly moderated the relationship between subjective social status and levels of IL-6, with a stronger implicit association between the concepts "lower class" and "bad" predicting greater levels of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Implicit social class bias moderates the relationship between subjective social status and health outcomes via regulation of levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. High implicit social class bias, particularly when one perceives oneself as having low social standing, may increase vulnerability to inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha John-Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 3210 Tolman Hall # 1650, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
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25
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Newton TL, Fernandez-Botran R, Miller JJ, Burns VE. Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in posttraumatic stress disorder: associations with lifetime diagnostic status and psychological context. Biol Psychol 2014; 99:150-9. [PMID: 24695006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study correlated lifetime PTSD diagnostic status with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels, and tested whether these correlations are sensitive to psychological context. Midlife women attended two research visits where blood was drawn (beginning of visits) and saliva and oral mucosal transudate were collected (beginning and end of visits) to measure IL-6 and sIL-6R. Women were classified as PTSD-/- (past and current symptoms below subsyndromal levels), PTSD+/- (past symptoms at or above subsyndromal levels), or PTSD+/+ (past and current symptoms at or above subsyndromal levels). PTSD+/+ women, compared to the other women, showed more negative emotion at the beginning of the visits, higher salivary IL-6 levels at the beginning versus end of visits, and positive correlations between negative emotion, salivary IL-6, and plasma sIL-6R. Their plasma sIL-6R levels exceeded those of the PTSD+/- women. Overall, IL-6 sensitivity to anticipation and to negative emotions, and higher sIL-6R levels, differentiated persistent versus remitted PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Newton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States.
| | | | - James J Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, United States
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26
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Alikhani M, Khalighinejad N, Ghalaiani P, Khaleghi MA, Askari E, Gorsky M. Immunologic and psychologic parameters associated with geographic tongue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:68-71. [PMID: 24842481 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several conditions have been associated with geographic tongue (GT). However, there is no consensus on the etiology of GT. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether immunologic and psychologic parameters are associated with diagnosis of GT. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study was performed on 170 participants (85 with GT, 85 controls). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured. Anxiety level was measured using psychologic and physiologic testing instruments. An independent t test and a Pearson correlation analysis were performed with SPSS (α = .05). RESULTS There was a significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the salivary concentrations of TNF-α (P = .008) and IL-6 (P = .001). The concentration of salivary cortisol and state and trait anxiety levels in the GT group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Immunologic and psychologic parameters appear associated with GT and may constitute risk factors of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Alikhani
- Postgraduate student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Navid Khalighinejad
- Researcher, Torabinejad Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parichehr Ghalaiani
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Elham Askari
- Doctorate student, Psychology Department, Allameh University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meir Gorsky
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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27
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Allen AP, Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G. Biological and psychological markers of stress in humans: focus on the Trier Social Stress Test. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 38:94-124. [PMID: 24239854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Validated biological and psychological markers of acute stress in humans are an important tool in translational research. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), involving public interview and mental arithmetic performance, is among the most popular methods of inducing acute stress in experimental settings, and reliably increases hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. However, although much research has focused on HPA axis activity, the TSST also affects the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system, the immune system, cardiovascular outputs, gastric function and cognition. We critically assess the utility of different biological and psychological markers, with guidance for future research, and discuss factors which can moderate TSST effects. We outline the effects of the TSST in stress-related disorders, and if these responses can be abrogated by pharmacological and psychological treatments. Modified TSST protocols are discussed, and the TSST is compared to alternative methods of inducing acute stress. Our analysis suggests that multiple readouts are necessary to derive maximum information; this strategy will enhance our understanding of the psychobiology of stress and provide the means to assess novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Allen
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J Kennedy
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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28
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Riis JL, Out D, Dorn LD, Beal SJ, Denson LA, Pabst S, Jaedicke K, Granger DA. Salivary cytokines in healthy adolescent girls: Intercorrelations, stability, and associations with serum cytokines, age, and pubertal stage. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:797-811. [PMID: 23868603 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Theoretically, the measurement of cytokines in saliva may have utility for studies of brain, behavior, and immunity in youth. Cytokines in saliva and serum were analyzed across three annual assessments in healthy adolescent girls (N = 114, 11-17 years at enrollment). Samples were assayed for GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNFα, adiponectin, and cotinine. Results revealed: (1) cytokine levels, except IFNγ and IL-10, were detectable in saliva, and salivary levels, except IL-8 and IL-1β, were lower than serum levels; (2) salivary cytokine levels were lower in older girls and positively associated with adiponectin; (3) compared to serum levels, the correlations between salivary cytokines were higher, but salivary cytokines were less stable across years; and (4) except for IL-1β, there were no significant serum-saliva associations. Variation in basal salivary cytokine levels in healthy adolescent girls reflect compartmentalized activity of the oral mucosal immune system, rather than systemic cytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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29
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Izawa S, Sugaya N, Kimura K, Ogawa N, Yamada KC, Shirotsuki K, Mikami I, Hirata K, Nagano Y, Nomura S. An increase in salivary interleukin-6 level following acute psychosocial stress and its biological correlates in healthy young adults. Biol Psychol 2013; 94:249-54. [PMID: 23831278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been investigated frequently in stress research, knowledge regarding the biological processes of IL-6 in association with psychosocial stress remains incomplete. This study focused on salivary IL-6 and reports its temporal variation and biological correlates following acute psychosocial stress. Fifty healthy young adults (39 male and 11 female students) were subjected to the psychosocial stress test 'Trier Social Stress Test' (TSST), wherein the participants were asked to deliver a speech and perform a mental arithmetic task in front of 2 audiences. Collection of saliva samples, measurement of heart rate, and assessment of negative moods by visual analogue scales were conducted before, during, and after TSST. Salivary IL-6 levels increased by approximately 50% in response to the TSST and remained elevated for 20 min after the stress tasks were completed. Cluster analyses revealed that individuals with sustained elevation of IL-6 levels following the TSST exhibited a lower cortisol response compared to individuals with lower IL-6 levels. In the correlation analyses, a greater IL-6 response was associated with a higher heart rate during the mental arithmetic task (r=.351, p<.05) and with a lower cortisol response (r=-.302, p<.05). This study demonstrates that salivary IL-6 levels are elevated for a relatively long period following acute psychosocial stress, and suggests that sympathetic activity and cortisol secretion are involved in elevation of salivary IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Izawa
- Health Administration and Psychosocial Factor Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, Kanagawa, Japan.
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30
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Butovskaya ML, Veselovskaya EV, Rostovtseva VV, Selverova NB, Ermakova IV. Mechanisms of human reproductive behavior: Olfactory markers of male attractiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086413030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Goodin BR, Quinn NB, Kronfli T, King CD, Page GG, Haythornthwaite JA, Edwards RR, Stapleton LM, McGuire L. Experimental pain ratings and reactivity of cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II following a trial of hypnosis: results of a randomized controlled pilot study. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 13:29-44. [PMID: 22233394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current evidence supports the efficacy of hypnosis for reducing the pain associated with experimental stimulation and various acute and chronic conditions; however, the mechanisms explaining how hypnosis exerts its effects remain less clear. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and pro-inflammatory cytokines represent potential targets for investigation given their purported roles in the perpetuation of painful conditions; yet, no clinical trials have thus far examined the influence of hypnosis on these mechanisms. DESIGN Healthy participants, highly susceptible to the effects of hypnosis, were randomized to either a hypnosis intervention or a no-intervention control. Using a cold pressor task, assessments of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness were collected prior to the intervention (Pre) and following the intervention (Post) along with pain-provoked changes in salivary cortisol and the soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (sTNFαRII). RESULTS Compared with the no-intervention control, data analyses revealed that hypnosis significantly reduced pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. Hypnosis was not significantly associated with suppression of cortisol or sTNFαRII reactivity to acute pain from Pre to Post; however, the effect sizes for these associations were medium-sized. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings from this randomized controlled pilot study support the importance of a future large-scale study on the effects of hypnosis for modulating pain-related changes of the HPA axis and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burel R Goodin
- University of Florida, Comprehensive Center for Pain Research, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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32
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Enhanced cortisol increase upon awakening is associated with greater pain ratings but not salivary cortisol or soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II responses to acute pain. Clin J Pain 2012; 28:291-9. [PMID: 21904196 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e31822cf542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is related to psychosocial factors and health in potentially significant ways, suggesting that it may be a distinctive marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and dysfunction. This study sought to expand upon previous work that examined the association between CAR and ratings of laboratory-evoked acute pain stimulation. In addition to evoked pain ratings, this study also tested whether CAR was prospectively related with salivary cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II responses to acute pain stimulation. METHODS This study included 36 healthy, pain-free volunteers of both sexes recruited through posted study flyers. Prior to completion of laboratory pain testing, salivary cortisol samples were obtained at home over the course of a single morning according to the following time frame: upon awakening, and 15, 30, and 60 minute after awakening. After collection of saliva, study participants brought their home saliva samples to the laboratory for assay and subsequently completed acute experimental pain testing procedures. RESULTS Cluster analysis of CAR revealed two distinct groups with similar patterns of cortisol response to awakening; increased and flattened. Relative to flattened CAR, increased CAR was associated with greater ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness. Salivary cortisol was significantly increased and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II significantly decreased after pain testing, but neither of these responses differed as a function of increased versus flattened CAR. DISCUSSION CAR may be a marker for stress sensitivity and/or the anticipation of impending stress, which could explain why the increased CAR cohort reported greater acute pain ratings.
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Negative and competitive social interactions are related to heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1878-82. [PMID: 22308464 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120972109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has consistently documented that social relationships influence physical health, a link that may implicate systemic inflammation. We examined whether daily social interactions predict levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and the soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFαRII) and their reactivity to a social stressor. One-hundred twenty-two healthy young adults completed daily diaries for 8 d that assessed positive, negative, and competitive social interactions. Participants then engaged in laboratory stress challenges, and IL-6 and sTNFαRII were collected at baseline and at 25- and 80-min poststressor, from oral mucosal transudate. Negative social interactions predicted elevated sTNFαRII at baseline, and IL-6 and sTNFαRII 25-min poststressor, as well as total output of sTNFαRII. Competitive social interactions predicted elevated baseline levels of IL-6 and sTNFαRII and total output of both cytokines. These findings suggest that daily social interactions that are negative and competitive are associated prospectively with heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity.
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The social environment and IL-6 in rats and humans. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:1617-25. [PMID: 21640816 PMCID: PMC3191259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine levels predict a wide range of human diseases including depression, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disease, general morbidity, and mortality. Stress and social experiences throughout the lifecourse have been associated with inflammatory processes. We conducted studies in humans and laboratory rats to examine the effect of early life experience and adult social position in predicting IL-6 levels. Human participants reported family homeownership during their childhood and current subjective social status. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured from oral mucosal transudate. Rats were housed in groups of three, matched for quality of maternal care received. Social status was assessed via competition for resources, and plasma IL-6 was assessed in adulthood. In both humans and rats, we identified an interaction effect; early social experience moderated the effect of adult social status on IL-6 levels. Rats that experienced low levels of maternal care and people with low childhood socioeconomic status represented both the highest and lowest levels of IL-6 in adulthood, depending on their social status as young adults. The predicted interaction held for non-Hispanic people, but did not occur among Hispanic individuals. Adversity early in life may not have a monotonically negative effect on adult health, but may alter biological sensitivity to later social experiences.
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Goodin BR, Quinn NB, King CD, Page GG, Haythornthwaite JA, Edwards RR, Stapleton L, McGuire L. Salivary cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II responses to multiple experimental modalities of acute pain. Psychophysiology 2011; 49:118-27. [PMID: 21895688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (sTNFαRII) responses provoked by cold pressor, hot water, ischemic, and neutral water (i.e., room temperature) modalities. Oral fluid samples were collected before, immediately after, and during recovery to assess physiological responses. From baseline, the cold pressor, but not hot water or ischemic modalities, produced a significant time-dependent elevation in cortisol, whereas cortisol significantly decreased for the neutral water task. When compared to baseline, the cold pressor, hot water, and ischemic modalities were associated with decreased sTNFαRII responses over time. The sTNFαRII response to neutral water initially decreased but returned to approximate baseline levels. Pain ratings were positively associated with cortisol increase from baseline and the overall cortisol response was negatively associated with the overall sTNFαRII response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burel R Goodin
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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Fernandez-Botran R, Miller JJ, Burns VE, Newton TL. Correlations among inflammatory markers in plasma, saliva and oral mucosal transudate in post-menopausal women with past intimate partner violence. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:314-21. [PMID: 20888902 PMCID: PMC3025073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between psychosocial factors and an increased risk for disease has been related to a heightened pro-inflammatory status reflected in increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or C-reactive protein (CRP). Routinely, epidemiological studies rely on measurements of inflammatory markers in serum or plasma, but the use of biological fluids such as saliva or oral mucosal transudate (OMT) may offer potential advantages. This study investigated correlations among plasma CRP and levels of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in plasma, saliva and OMT in a population of middle aged women with histories of past intimate partner violence (IPV). A total of 67 women without existing chronic diseases participated in the study, which included two visits each in which psychological tests were administered, and blood, saliva and OMT samples were collected. Although significantly higher plasma CRP levels were found in past IPV sufferers compared to controls, there were no significant differences in IL-6 or sIL-6R levels in plasma, saliva or OMT between the two groups. There were only relatively modest correlations between IL-6 levels in plasma and those in saliva or OMT and between plasma IL-6 and CRP levels. A significant correlation between IL-6 and sIL-6R levels in both saliva and OMT, but not in plasma, was also detected. No significant correlations were found between levels of IL-6 in saliva or OMT and periodontal health measures. Results indicate that IL-6 and sIL-6R levels in saliva or OMT do not closely reflect those in plasma, and therefore are not a good surrogate for systemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandez-Botran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
| | - James J. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Vicki E. Burns
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Tamara L. Newton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
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Development of a multiplex microsphere immunoassay for the quantitation of salivary antibody responses to selected waterborne pathogens. J Immunol Methods 2010; 364:83-93. [PMID: 21093445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Saliva has an important advantage over serum as a medium for antibody detection due to non-invasive sampling, which is critical for community-based epidemiological surveys. The development of a Luminex multiplex immunoassay for measurement of salivary IgG and IgA responses to potentially waterborne pathogens, Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium, and four noroviruses, involved selection of antigens and optimization of antigen coupling to Luminex microspheres. Coupling confirmation was conducted using antigen specific antibody or control sera at serial dilutions. Dose-response curves corresponding to different coupling conditions were compared using statistical tests. Control proteins in the specific antibody assay and a separate duplex assay for total immunoglobulins G and A were employed to assess antibody cross-reactivity and variability in saliva composition. 200 saliva samples prospectively collected from 20 adult volunteers and 10 paired sera from a subset of these volunteers were used to test this method. For chronic infections, H. pylori and T. gondii, individuals who tested IgG seropositive using commercial diagnostic ELISA also had the strongest salivary antibody responses in salivary antibody tests. A steep increase in anti-norovirus salivary antibody response (immunoconversion) was observed after an episode of acute diarrhea and vomiting in a volunteer. The Luminex assay also detected seroconversions to Cryptosporidium using control sera from infected children. Ongoing efforts involve further verification of salivary antibody tests and their application in larger pilot community studies.
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Neural sensitivity to social rejection is associated with inflammatory responses to social stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14817-22. [PMID: 20679216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009164107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stress-induced increases in inflammation have been implicated in several major disorders, including cardiovascular disease and depression, the neurocognitive pathways that underlie inflammatory responses to stress remain largely unknown. To examine these processes, we recruited 124 healthy young adult participants to complete a laboratory-based social stressor while markers of inflammatory activity were obtained from oral fluids. A subset of participants (n = 31) later completed an fMRI session in which their neural responses to social rejection were assessed. As predicted, exposure to the laboratory-based social stressor was associated with significant increases in two markers of inflammatory activity, namely a soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNFalphaRII) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In the neuroimaging subsample, greater increases in sTNFalphaRII (but not IL-6) were associated with greater activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula, brain regions that have previously been associated with processing rejection-related distress and negative affect. These data thus elucidate a neurocognitive pathway that may be involved in potentiated inflammatory responses to acute social stress. As such, they have implications for understanding how social stressors may promote susceptibility to diseases with an inflammatory component.
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Moons WG, Eisenberger NI, Taylor SE. Anger and fear responses to stress have different biological profiles. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:215-9. [PMID: 19732822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to a general model of stress, a functional model suggests that emotions may regulate stress responses in specific adaptive ways. The current study examined whether anger and fear during a challenging stress task (Trier Social Stress Task) were differentially associated with cortisol and proinflammatory cytokine responses to an acute stressor. Baseline anger and fear were related to greater cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines. However, anger reactions to the stressor were associated with greater stress-related increases in cortisol over time but not proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, fear reactions to the stressor were associated with increases in stress-related proinflammatory cytokines over time and a decrease in cortisol. Results are consistent with the functional perspective that distinct emotional experiences appear to trigger temporally-patterned adaptive biological processes to mobilize energy in response to anger and to promote withdrawal in response to fear. Discussion focuses on the role of the HPA axis to increase available metabolic fuel and proinflammatory cytokines to prompt behavioral withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley G Moons
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States.
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40
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O'Connor MF, Irwin MR, Wellisch DK. When grief heats up: pro-inflammatory cytokines predict regional brain activation. Neuroimage 2009; 47:891-6. [PMID: 19481155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with sickness behaviors, a set of behaviors including low mood, which are orchestrated by the brain and described as shift in motivational state. The present study investigated the hypothesis that local inflammation is associated with greater subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) activation in persons undergoing chronic stress. METHODS Women undergoing the emotional stress of bereavement had fMRI scans during a grief elicitation task. Local inflammation was measured by salivary concentrations of two markers of pro-inflammatory cytokine activity (e.g., interleukin-1beta and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II). RESULTS Analyses revealed that both inflammatory markers were positively associated with ventral prefrontal activation (e.g., sACC and orbitofrontal cortex) as well as other regions important in the emotional task such as noun retrieval (e.g., temporal cortex), and visual processing (e.g., cuneus and fusiform gyrus). In separate analyses, the ventral prefrontal activations correlated with free recall of grief-related word stimuli, but not neutral word stimuli. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the relationship between emotional processing, regional brain activation and localized inflammation in a chronically stressed population of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Frances O'Connor
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.
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Master SL, Amodio DM, Stanton AL, Yee CM, Hilmert CJ, Taylor SE. Neurobiological correlates of coping through emotional approach. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:27-35. [PMID: 18558470 PMCID: PMC2665042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation considered possible health-related neurobiological processes associated with "emotional approach coping" (EAC), or intentional efforts to identify, process, and express emotions surrounding stressors. It was hypothesized that higher dispositional use of EAC strategies would be related to neural activity indicative of greater trait approach motivational orientation and to lower proinflammatory cytokine and cortisol responses to stress. To assess these relationships, 46 healthy participants completed a questionnaire assessing the two components of EAC (i.e., emotional processing and emotional expression), and their resting frontal cortical asymmetry was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). A subset (N=22) of these participants' levels of the soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNFalphaRII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cortisol (all obtained from oral fluids) were also assessed before and after exposure to an acute laboratory stressor. Consistent with predictions, higher reported levels of emotional expression were significantly associated with greater relative left-sided frontal EEG asymmetry, indicative of greater trait approach motivation. Additionally, people who scored higher on EAC, particularly the emotional processing component, tended to show a less-pronounced TNF-alpha stress response. EAC was unrelated to levels of IL-6 and cortisol. Greater left-sided frontal EEG asymmetry was significantly related to lower baseline levels of IL-6 and to lower stress-related levels of sTNFalphaRII, and was marginally related to lower stress-related levels of IL-6. The findings suggest that the salubrious effects of EAC strategies for managing stress may be linked to an approach-oriented neurocognitive profile and to well-regulated proinflammatory cytokine responses to stress.
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McDade TW, Hayward MD. Rationale and methodological options for assessing infectious disease and related measures in social science surveys. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2009; 55:159-177. [PMID: 20183903 DOI: 10.1080/19485560903382478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease is an important, but often overlooked, component of population health in high-income nations. Common, everyday infections exact significant costs, including school and work absenteeism, reduced productivity, and substantial health care expenditures. Infectious disease also shapes trajectories of biological risk and health and may be causally linked to chronic disease risk later in life. The size, diversity, and representativeness of samples typically employed in survey-based studies of health present exceptional opportunities for advancing scientific knowledge on the social and economic determinants of infectious disease in childhood and adulthood and to investigate the long-term consequences of infectious disease for well-being and attainment across multiple domains. A wide range of interview-based, anthropometric, and biomarker measurement options are currently available for assessing infectious exposures, inflammation, and immune function in nonclinical settings. These methods afford opportunities for innovative, transdisciplinary research on the causes and consequences of infectious disease across the life course that can address questions of interest to social, life, and biomedical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Northwestern University, Department of Anthropology, Cells to Society: The Center on Social Disparities and Health at the Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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McDade TW. Life history theory and the immune system: steps toward a human ecological immunology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; Suppl 37:100-25. [PMID: 14666535 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Within anthropology and human biology, there is growing interest in immune function and its importance to the ecology of human health and development. Biomedical research currently dominates our understanding of immunology, and this paper seeks to highlight the potential contribution of a population-based, ecological approach to the study of human immune function. Concepts from life-history theory are applied to highlight the major challenges and demands that are likely to shape immune function in a range of ecological contexts. Immune function is a major component of maintenance effort, and since resources are limited, trade-offs are expected between investment in maintenance and other critical life-history functions involving growth and reproduction. An adaptationist, life-history perspective helps make sense of the unusual developmental trajectory of immune tissues, and emphasizes that this complex system is designed to incorporate information from the surrounding ecology to guide its development. As a result, there is substantial population variation in immune development and function that is not considered by current biomedical approaches. In an attempt to construct a framework for understanding this variation, immune development is considered in relation to the competing life-history demands that define gestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Each life stage poses a unique set of adaptive challenges, and a series of hypotheses is proposed regarding their implications for immune development and function. Research in human ecological immunology is in its earliest stages, but this is a promising area of exploration, and one in which anthropology is well-positioned to make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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Abstract
The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid for various human ailments is gaining popularity as it offers distinct advantages over serum. These include the non-invasive nature of saliva collection compared with phlebotomy, simplicity of collection even for individuals with a modest training and the cost-effective applicability for screening large populations. Whole saliva is most frequently used for diagnosis of systemic diseases since it is readily collected and contains serum constituents while gland-specific saliva is useful for investigating pathology of major salivary glands. Broadly, saliva analysis is currently used for the diagnosis of infectious and malignant diseases, hereditary disorders, autoimmune diseases, and endocrine disorders, as well as for the assessment of therapeutic drug levels, particularly in monitoring drug abuse. This review addresses the current status of salivary diagnostics and their future potential.
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Michelis R, Sela S, Ben-Zvi I, Nagler RM. Salivary β2-Microglobulin Analysis in Chronic Kidney Disease and Hemodialyzed Patients. Blood Purif 2008; 25:505-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Neyraud E, Sayd T, Morzel M, Dransfield E. Proteomic analysis of human whole and parotid salivas following stimulation by different tastes. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:2474-80. [PMID: 16944961 DOI: 10.1021/pr060189z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whole and parotid salivas, collected after stimulation with tastants, were analyzed by 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In whole saliva, the number of proteins affected by taste stimulation increased in the order sweet < umami < bitter < acid. Annexin A1 and calgranulin A, involved in inflammation, were over-represented after umami, bitter, and sour stimulations. Their low abundance or absence in parotid saliva after bitter stimulation suggested that they originated from other oral glands or tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Neyraud
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Diedenweg 20, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Aponte VM, Finch DS, Klaus DM. Considerations for non-invasive in-flight monitoring of astronaut immune status with potential use of MEMS and NEMS devices. Life Sci 2006; 79:1317-33. [PMID: 16757003 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of how astronauts' immune systems respond to space flight have been studied extensively, but the complex process has not to date been thoroughly characterized, nor have the underlying principles of what causes the immune system to change in microgravity been fully determined. Statistically significant results regarding overall immunological effects in space have not yet been established due to the relatively limited amount of experimental data available, and are further complicated by the findings not showing systematically reproducible trends. Collecting in vivo data during flight without affecting the system being measured would increase understanding of the immune response process. The aims of this paper are to briefly review the current knowledge regarding how the immune system is altered in space flight; to present a group of candidate biomarkers that could be useful for in-flight monitoring and give an overview of the current methods used to measure these markers; and finally, to further establish the need and usefulness of incorporating real-time analytical techniques for in-flight assessment of astronaut health, emphasizing the potential application of MEMS/NEMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Aponte
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, 429 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA.
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Page-Shafer K, Sweet S, Kassaye S, Ssali C. (C2) Saliva, breast milk, and mucosal fluids in HIV transmission. Adv Dent Res 2006; 19:152-7. [PMID: 16672566 DOI: 10.1177/154407370601900127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral environment has received various amounts of attention in association with HIV infection and pathogenesis. Since HIV infection occurs through mucosal tissue, oral factors-including tissue, fluids, and compartments-are of interest in furthering our understanding of the diagnosis, infectivity, transmission, and pathogenesis of disease. This report reviews: (1) HIV testing and diagnoses with oral fluids; (2) post-natal acquisition of HIV in association with breast-feeding from HIV-positive mothers; and (3) oral sex and HIV transmission. In the first, we examine how oral fluids are used to detect HIV infection and review current consensus on the role of salivary molecules as markers for immunosuppression. Second, lactation-associated HIV acquisition is reviewed, with special consideration of emerging issues associated with the impact of anti-retroviral therapies. Last, we consider current data on the risk of HIV infection in association with oral sex. Investigation of these diverse topics has a common goal: understanding how HIV presents in the oral environment, with an aim to rapid and accessible HIV diagnosis, and improved prevention and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Page-Shafer
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, USA.
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Abstract
Previous research suggests that writing about stressful experiences results in better health and psychological well-being. In the present study, a multi-ethnic sample of 79 HIV-positive women and men participated in a structured interview, and wrote about either their deepest thoughts and feelings about living with HIV (expressive writing) or their activities in the last 24 hr (control). Sixty-two participants returned for the 2-month follow-up and 50 returned for the 6-month follow-up interview. Oral fluid samples of beta2-microglobulin were taken at the baseline and follow-up assessments to examine the immunological effects of writing. No effects of writing condition were found, but expressive writing participants who included increasing insight/causation and social words in their writing had better immune function and reported more positive changes at follow-up. Results suggest that cognitive processing and changes in social interactions may be critical to the benefits of writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna D Rivkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA.
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