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Carreto-Binaghi LE, Sztein MB, Booth JS. Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1446072. [PMID: 39324143 PMCID: PMC11422102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system is a critical first line of defense to infectious diseases, as many pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, disrupting the balanced interactions between mucosal cells, secretory molecules, and microbiota in this challenging microenvironment. The mucosal immune system comprises of a complex and integrated network that includes the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). One of its primary responses to microbes is the secretion of IgA, whose role in the mucosa is vital for preventing pathogen colonization, invasion and spread. The mechanisms involved in these key responses include neutralization of pathogens, immune exclusion, immune modulation, and cross-protection. The generation and maintenance of high affinity IgA responses require a delicate balance of multiple components, including B and T cell interactions, innate cells, the cytokine milieu (e.g., IL-21, IL-10, TGF-β), and other factors essential for intestinal homeostasis, including the gut microbiota. In this review, we will discuss the main cellular components (e.g., T cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells) in the gut microenvironment as mediators of important effector responses and as critical players in supporting B cells in eliciting and maintaining IgA production, particularly in the context of enteric infections and vaccination in humans. Understanding the mechanisms of humoral and cellular components in protection could guide and accelerate the development of more effective mucosal vaccines and therapeutic interventions to efficiently combat mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Carreto-Binaghi
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiologia de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wellford SA, Moseman EA. Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:381-398. [PMID: 38097777 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa is a component of the nasal airway that mediates the sense of smell. Recent studies point to an important role for the olfactory mucosa as a barrier to both respiratory pathogens and to neuroinvasive pathogens that hijack the olfactory nerve and invade the CNS. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the olfactory mucosa is an integral part of a heterogeneous nasal mucosal barrier critical to upper airway immunity. However, our insufficient knowledge of olfactory mucosal immunity hinders attempts to protect this tissue from infection and other diseases. This Review summarizes the state of olfactory immunology by highlighting the unique immunologically relevant anatomy of the olfactory mucosa, describing what is known of olfactory immune cells, and considering the impact of common infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders at this site. We will offer our perspective on the future of the field and the many unresolved questions pertaining to olfactory immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Wellford
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E Ashley Moseman
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Tang Y, Feng X, Lu Q, Cui C, Yu M, Wen Z, Luan Y, Dong L, Hu Z, Zhang R, Lu C, Liu J, Shinkura R, Hase K, Wang JY. MZB1-mediated IgA secretion suppresses the development and progression of colorectal cancer triggered by gut inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:450-460. [PMID: 38101774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the top causes of mortality globally. Gut inflammation is one crucial risk factor that augments CRC development since patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have an increased incidence of CRC. The role of immunoglobulin (Ig)A in maintaining gut homeostasis and preventing inflammation has been well established. Our earlier work demonstrated that the marginal zone and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) promotes gut IgA secretion and its absence results in pronounced dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis. In the present study, we explored the role of MZB1 in CRC development using the azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC model. We observed an increase in both the number and size of the tumor nodules in Mzb1-/- mice compared with Mzb1+/+ mice. The increase in CRC development and progression in Mzb1-/- mice was associated with reduced intestinal IgA levels, altered gut flora, and more severe gut and systemic inflammation. Oral administration of the monoclonal IgA, W27, alleviated both the gut inflammation and AOM/DSS-induced CRC. Notably, cohousing Mzb1+/+ and Mzb1-/- mice from the 10th day after birth led to similar CRC development. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of MZB1-mediated IgA secretion in suppressing the onset and progression of CRC triggered by gut inflammation. Moreover, our study highlights the profound impact of microbiota composition, modulated by gut IgA levels, on gut inflammation. Nonetheless, establishing a direct correlation between the severity of colitis and subsequent CRC development and the presence or absence of a particular microbiota is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichao Wen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Luan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai 200052, China.
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Koffert A, Liippo J, Löyttyniemi E, Savolainen J. Clinical outcome and component-specific antibody levels in egg allergic children after lightened oral immunotherapy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:44-59. [PMID: 38186193 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i1.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome of lightened version of egg oral immunotherapy (OIT) and to analyze egg allergen component-specific antibody levels during short up-dosing with egg white powder and maintenance by egg in daily diet. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighteen egg-allergic children received egg powder with short up--dosing and they maintained tolerance using egg in daily diet. Seventeen egg-allergic children served as a control group. Component-resolved analysis of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgA1, IgA2, and IgG4 levels were determined at inclusion, after up-dosing and after 1 year of immunotherapy. Skin-prick tests were performed at inclusion and after 1 year of therapy. RESULTS All 18 patients in the egg OIT group were successfully desensitized. Desensitization was achieved on average in 4.5 months. In the control group, only two children tolerated egg in oral food challenge after 1 year. Of the measured immune markers, smaller wheal diameters in skin-prick testing, reduction in component-specific IgE levels, and increase in component-specific IgA1, IgA2, and IgG4 levels were associated with desensitization. CONCLUSION A lightened egg OIT is effective and safe in children with egg allergy. Increase in all egg component-specific IgA1, IgA2 and IgG4 levels and decrease in all egg component--specific IgE levels were observed after 12 months of OIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koffert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;
| | - Jussi Liippo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johannes Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Krammer F. The role of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic: what have we learned? Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:451-468. [PMID: 37436465 PMCID: PMC11136744 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged late in 2019 and caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has so far claimed approximately 20 million lives. Vaccines were developed quickly, became available in the end of 2020, and had a tremendous impact on protection from SARS-CoV-2 mortality but with emerging variants the impact on morbidity was diminished. Here I review what we learned from COVID-19 from a vaccinologist's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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López-Marin B, Osorno-Gutiérrez AP, Arredondo-Vanegas N. [Effect of pasteurization and freezing on the content of IgA1 and IgA2 subtypes in breast milk]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:15-21. [PMID: 37566752 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i1.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of pasteurization and freezing on the content of IgA1 and IgA2 in breast milk. METHODS Observational, retrospective study, carried out in women who had been breastfeeding their newborn for more than 30 days, and could donate 50 mL of milk. The concentration of IgA1 and IgA2 was determined by turbidimetry, before and after being subjected to pasteurization and freezing, every 15 days for 2 months. Freezing was at -20°C. A total IgA content of 1598.5 mg/dL was found. RESULTS 10 breast milk donors were selected. The initial concentration of IgA1 and IA2 was 651 and 945.7 mg/dL, respectively; At the end of the freezing times, the content of both immunoglobulins decreased: IgA1 of 74% and IgA2 of 86%. After the treatments, the immunoglobulin content decreased dramatically, with a significant difference of p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Pasteurization and freezing significantly affect the content of IgA1 and IgA in breast milk; therefore, breast-feeding remains the best way to offer full immunological protection to the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López-Marin
- Maestría en Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias; Doctorado en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Alimentarias; Pregrado en Nutrición y Dietética; Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
| | - Adriana Patricia Osorno-Gutiérrez
- Diplomado en Módulo de especialización "Enfermedades Metabólicas", Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile. Especialización en Nutrición Clínica Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Pregrado en Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
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Mes L, Steffen U, Chen HJ, Veth J, Hoepel W, Griffith GR, Schett G, den Dunnen J. IgA2 immune complexes selectively promote inflammation by human CD103+ dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116435. [PMID: 37006318 PMCID: PMC10061090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While immunoglobulin A (IgA) is well known for its neutralizing and anti-inflammatory function, it is becoming increasingly clear that IgA can also induce human inflammatory responses by various different immune cells. Yet, little is known about the relative role of induction of inflammation by the two IgA subclasses i.e. IgA1, most prominent subclass in circulation, and IgA2, most prominent subclass in the lower intestine. Here, we set out to study the inflammatory function of IgA subclasses on different human myeloid immune cell subsets, including monocytes, and in vitro differentiated macrophages and intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). While individual stimulation with IgA immune complexes only induced limited inflammatory responses by human immune cells, both IgA subclasses strongly amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon co-stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as Pam3CSK4, PGN, and LPS. Strikingly, while IgA1 induced slightly higher or similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages, respectively, IgA2 induced substantially more inflammation than IgA1 by CD103+ DCs. In addition to pro-inflammatory cytokine proteins, IgA2 also induced higher mRNA expression levels, indicating that amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokine production is at least partially regulated at the level of gene transcription. Interestingly, cytokine amplification by IgA1 was almost completely dependent on Fc alpha receptor I (FcαRI), whilst blocking this receptor only partially reduced cytokine induction by IgA2. In addition, IgA2-induced amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokines was less dependent on signaling through the kinases Syk, PI3K, and TBK1/IKKϵ. Combined, these findings indicate that IgA2 immune complexes, which are most abundantly expressed in the lower intestine, particularly promote inflammation by human CD103+ intestinal DCs. This may serve an important physiological function upon infection, by enabling inflammatory responses by this otherwise tolerogenic DC subset. Since various inflammatory disorders are characterized by disturbances in IgA subclass balance, this may also play a role in the induction or exacerbation of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Mes
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Romeo Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen den Dunnen,
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Hamdan F, Cerullo V. Cancer immunotherapies: A hope for the uncurable? FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1140977. [PMID: 39086690 PMCID: PMC11285639 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1140977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of cancer immunotherapies is not novel but has been used over the decades in the clinic. Only recently have we found the true potential of stimulating an anti-tumor response after the breakthrough of checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer immunotherapies have become the first line treatment for many malignancies at various stages. Nevertheless, the clinical results in terms of overall survival and progression free survival were not as anticipated. Majority of cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapies and the reasons differ. Hence, further improvements for cancer immunotherapies are crucially needed. In the review, we will discuss various forms of cancer immunotherapies that are being tested or already in the clinic. Moreover, we also highlight future directions to improve such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Takamatsu Y, Omata K, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita-Iwamoto N, Terada M, Suzuki T, Morioka S, Uemura Y, Ohmagari N, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Humoral IgA Response Occurs Earlier but Is Modest and Diminishes Faster than IgG Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0271622. [PMID: 36219096 PMCID: PMC9769934 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02716-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity for preventing the invasion of exogenous antigens; however, little is understood about the neutralizing activity of serum IgA. Here, to examine the role of IgA antibodies against COVID-19 illnesses, we determined the neutralizing activity of serum/plasma IgG and IgA purified from previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-receiving individuals. We found that serum/plasma IgA possesses substantial but rather modest neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 compared to IgG with no significant correlation with the disease severity. Neutralizing IgA and IgG antibodies achieved the greatest activity at approximately 25 and 35 days after symptom onset, respectively. However, neutralizing IgA activity quickly diminished to below the detection limit approximately 70 days after onset, while substantial IgG activity was observed until 200 days after onset. The total neutralizing activity in sera/plasmas of those with COVID-19 largely correlated with those in purified IgG and purified IgA and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgA. In individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 but had no detectable neutralizing IgA activity, a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 elicited potent serum/plasma-neutralizing IgA activity, but the second dose did not further strengthen the neutralization antibody response. The present data show that the systemic immune stimulation with natural infection and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccines elicits both SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing IgG and IgA responses in serum, but the IgA response is modest and diminishes faster than the IgG response. IMPORTANCE Secretory dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays an important role in preventing the invasion of foreign objects by its neutralizing activity on mucosal surfaces, while monomeric serum IgA is thought to relate to the phagocytic immune system activation. Here, we report that individuals with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) developed both systemic neutralizing IgG (nIgG) and IgA (nIgA) active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the nIgA response was quick and reached the highest activity earlier than the nIgG response, nIgA activity was modest and diminished faster than nIgG activity. In individuals who recovered from COVID-19 but had no detectable nIgA activity, a single dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine elicited potent nIgA activity, but the second dose did not further strengthen the antibody response. Our study provides novel insights into the role and the kinetics of serum nIgA against the pathogen in both naturally infected and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-receiving COVID-19-convalescent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Omata
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kinoshita-Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Terada
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
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Shipa M, Santos LR, Nguyen DX, Embleton-Thirsk A, Parvaz M, Heptinstall LL, Pepper RJ, Isenberg DA, Gordon C, Ehrenstein MR. Identification of biomarkers to stratify response to B-cell-targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus: an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 5:e24-e35. [PMID: 36756239 PMCID: PMC9894756 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease associated with widespread immune dysregulation and diverse clinical features. Immune abnormalities might be differentially associated with specific organ involvement or response to targeted therapies. We aimed to identify biomarkers of response to belimumab after rituximab to facilitate a personalised approach to therapy. Methods In this exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial (BEAT-LUPUS), we investigated immune profiles of patients with SLE recruited to the 52-week clinical trial, which tested the combination of rituximab plus belimumab versus rituximab plus placebo. We used machine learning and conventional statistics to investigate relevant laboratory and clinical biomarkers associated with major clinical response. BEAT LUPUS is registered at ISRCTN, 47873003, and is now complete. Findings Between Feb 2, 2017, and March 28, 2019, 52 patients were recruited to BEAT-LUPUS, of whom 44 provided clinical data at week 52 and were included in this analysis. 21 (48%) of 44 participants were in the belimumab group (mean age 39·5 years [SD 12·1]; 17 [81%] were female, four [19%] were male, 13 [62%] were White) and 23 (52%) were in the placebo group (mean age 42·1 years [SD 10·5]; 21 [91%] were female, two [9%] were male, 16 [70%] were White). Ten (48%) of 21 participants who received belimumab after rituximab and eight (35%) of 23 who received placebo after rituximab had a major clinical response at 52 weeks (between-group difference of 13% [95% CI -15 to 38]). We found a predictive association between baseline serum IgA2 anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody concentrations and clinical response to belimumab after rituximab, with a between-group difference in major clinical response of 48% (95% CI 10 to 70) in patients with elevated baseline serum IgA2 anti-dsDNA antibody concentrations. Moreover, among those who had a major clinical response, serum IgA2 anti-dsDNA antibody concentrations significantly decreased from baseline only in the belimumab group. Increased circulating IgA2 (but not total) plasmablast numbers, and T follicular helper cell numbers predicted clinical response and were both reduced only in patients who responded to belimumab after rituximab. Serum IgA2 anti-dsDNA antibody concentrations were also associated with active renal disease, whereas serum IgA1 anti-dsDNA antibody and IFN-α concentrations were associated with mucocutaneous disease activity but did not predict response to B-cell targeted therapy. Patients with a high baseline serum interleukin-6 concentration were less likely to have a major clinical response, irrespective of therapy. Interpretation This exploratory study revealed the presence of distinct molecular networks associated with renal and mucocutaneous involvement, and response to B-cell-targeted therapies, which, if confirmed, could guide precision targeting of advanced therapies for this heterogenous disease. Funding Versus Arthritis, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, LUPUS UK, and GSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shipa
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Liliana R Santos
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dao X Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mariea Parvaz
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren L Heptinstall
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J Pepper
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Isenberg
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael R Ehrenstein
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK,Correspondence to: Prof Michael R Ehrenstein, Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Luvizotto MJ, Menezes-Silva L, Woronik V, Monteiro RC, Câmara NOS. Gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: Role on mesangial cell metabolism and inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993716. [PMID: 36467425 PMCID: PMC9715425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest primary glomerular disease around the world and represents a significant cause of end-stage renal disease. IgAN is characterized by mesangial deposition of IgA-immune complexes and mesangial expansion. The pathophysiological process includes an abnormally glycosylated IgA1, which is an antigenic target. Autoantibodies specifically recognize galactose-deficient IgA1 forming immune complexes that are amplified in size by the soluble IgA Fc receptor CD89 leading to deposition in the mesangium through interaction with non-classical IgA receptors. The local production of cytokines promotes local inflammation and complement system activation, besides the stimulation of mesangial proliferation. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is quite variable from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Despite all the advances, the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated. The mucosal immune system is quoted to be a factor in triggering IgAN and a "gut-kidney axis" is proposed in its development. Furthermore, many recent studies have demonstrated that food intake interferes directly with disease prognosis. In this review, we will discuss how mucosal immunity, microbiota, and nutritional status could be interfering directly with the activation of intrinsic pathways of the mesangial cells, directly resulting in changes in their function, inflammation and development of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Justi Luvizotto
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato C. Monteiro
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM and CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Wellford SA, Moseman AP, Dao K, Wright KE, Chen A, Plevin JE, Liao TC, Mehta N, Moseman EA. Mucosal plasma cells are required to protect the upper airway and brain from infection. Immunity 2022; 55:2118-2134.e6. [PMID: 36137543 PMCID: PMC9649878 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While blood antibodies mediate protective immunity in most organs, whether they protect nasal surfaces in the upper airway is unclear. Using multiple viral infection models in mice, we found that blood-borne antibodies could not defend the olfactory epithelium. Despite high serum antibody titers, pathogens infected nasal turbinates, and neurotropic microbes invaded the brain. Using passive antibody transfers and parabiosis, we identified a restrictive blood-endothelial barrier that excluded circulating antibodies from the olfactory mucosa. Plasma cell depletions demonstrated that plasma cells must reside within olfactory tissue to achieve sterilizing immunity. Antibody blockade and genetically deficient models revealed that this local immunity required CD4+ T cells and CXCR3. Many vaccine adjuvants failed to generate olfactory plasma cells, but mucosal immunizations established humoral protection of the olfactory surface. Our identification of a blood-olfactory barrier and the requirement for tissue-derived antibody has implications for vaccinology, respiratory and CNS pathogen transmission, and B cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Park Moseman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kianna Dao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine E Wright
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison Chen
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jona E Plevin
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Liao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Naren Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E Ashley Moseman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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13
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Michaud E, Waeckel L, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Chanut B, Jospin F, Bathany K, Monnoye M, Genet C, Prier A, Tokarski C, Gérard P, Roblin X, Rochereau N, Paul S. Alteration of microbiota antibody-mediated immune selection contributes to dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15386. [PMID: 35785473 PMCID: PMC9358401 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human secretory immunoglobulins (SIg) A1 and SIgA2 guide mucosal responses toward tolerance or inflammation, notably through reverse-transcytosis, the apical-to-basal transport of IgA2 immune complexes via M cells of gut Peyer's patches. As such, the maintenance of a diverse gut microbiota requires broad affinity IgA and glycan-glycan interaction. Here, we asked whether IgA1 and IgA2-microbiota interactions might be involved in dysbiosis induction during inflammatory bowel diseases. Using stool HPLC-purified IgA, we show that reverse-transcytosis is abrogated in ulcerative colitis (UC) while it is extended to IgA1 in Crohn's disease (CD). 16S RNA sequencing of IgA-bound microbiota in CD and UC showed distinct IgA1- and IgA2-associated microbiota; the IgA1+ fraction of CD microbiota was notably enriched in beneficial commensals. These features were associated with increased IgA anti-glycan reactivity in CD and an opposite loss of reactivity in UC. Our results highlight previously unknown pathogenic properties of IgA in IBD that could support dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Coraline Genet
- Inserm UMR 1098 Right, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Amelie Prier
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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14
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Takamatsu Y, Omata K, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita-Iwamoto N, Terada M, Suzuki T, Morioka S, Uemura Y, Ohmagari N, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing humoral IgA response occurs earlier but modest and diminishes faster compared to IgG response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.06.09.495422. [PMID: 35702154 PMCID: PMC9196114 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.09.495422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in the mucosal immunity for preventing the invasion of the exogenous antigens, however, little has been understood about the neutralizing activity of serum IgA. Here, to examine the role of IgA antibodies against COVID-19 illnesses, we determined the neutralizing activity of serum/plasma IgG and IgA purified from previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine-receiving individuals. We found that serum/plasma IgA possesses substantial but rather modest neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 compared to IgG with no significant correlation with the disease severity. Neutralizing IgA and IgG antibodies achieved the greatest activity at approximately 25 and 35 days after symptom onset, respectively. However, neutralizing IgA activity quickly diminished and went down below the detection limit approximately 70 days after onset, while substantial IgG activity was observed till 200 days after onset. The total neutralizing activity in sera/plasmas of those with COVID-19 largely correlated with that in purified-IgG and purified-IgA and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgA. In individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 but had no detectable neutralizing IgA activity, a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 elicited potent serum/plasma neutralizing IgA activity but the second dose did not further strengthen the neutralization antibody response. The present data show that the systemic immune stimulation with natural infection and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccines elicit both SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing IgG and IgA response in serum, but the IgA response is modest and diminishes faster compared to IgG response. Author Summary Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant type of antibody in the body mostly located on mucosal surfaces as a dimeric secretory IgA. Such secretory IgA plays an important role in preventing the adherence and invasions of foreign objects by its neutralizing activity, while monomeric serum IgA is thought to relate to the phagocytic immune system activation. Here, we report that individuals with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) developed both systemic neutralizing IgG and IgA active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the neutralizing IgA response was quick and reached the highest activity 25 days post-symptom-onset, compared to 35 days for IgG response, neutralizing IgA activity was modest and diminished faster than neutralizing IgG response. In individuals, who recovered from COVID-19 but had no detectable neutralizing IgA activity, a single dose of COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine elicited potent neutralizing IgA activity but the second dose did not further strengthen the antibody response. Our study provides novel insights into the role and the kinetics of serum IgA against the viral pathogen both in naturally-infected and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine-receiving COVID-19-convalescent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Kazumi Omata
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Noriko Kinoshita-Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Mari Terada
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine;,Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute;,Experimental Retrovirology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;,Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
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15
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Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071182. [PMID: 35406746 PMCID: PMC8997755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.
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16
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Cagigi A, Yu M, Österberg B, Svensson J, Falck-Jones S, Vangeti S, Åhlberg E, Azizmohammadi L, Warnqvist A, Falck-Jones R, Gubisch PC, Ödemis M, Ghafoor F, Eisele M, Lenart K, Bell M, Johansson N, Albert J, Sälde J, Pettie DD, Murphy MP, Carter L, King NP, Ols S, Normark J, Ahlm C, Forsell MN, Färnert A, Loré K, Smed-Sörensen A. Airway antibodies emerge according to COVID-19 severity and wane rapidly but reappear after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e151463. [PMID: 34665783 PMCID: PMC8663786 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the presence and durability of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the airways is required to provide insights into the ability of individuals to neutralize the virus locally and prevent viral spread. Here, we longitudinally assessed both systemic and airway immune responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in a clinically well-characterized cohort of 147 infected individuals representing the full spectrum of COVID-19 severity, from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. In addition, we evaluated how SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influenced the antibody responses in a subset of these individuals during convalescence as compared with naive individuals. Not only systemic but also airway antibody responses correlated with the degree of COVID-19 disease severity. However, although systemic IgG levels were durable for up to 8 months, airway IgG and IgA declined significantly within 3 months. After vaccination, there was an increase in both systemic and airway antibodies, in particular IgG, often exceeding the levels found during acute disease. In contrast, naive individuals showed low airway antibodies after vaccination. In the former COVID-19 patients, airway antibody levels were significantly elevated after the boost vaccination, highlighting the importance of prime and boost vaccinations for previously infected individuals to obtain optimal mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cagigi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Svensson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Åhlberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lida Azizmohammadi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Warnqvist
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and
| | - Ryan Falck-Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia C. Gubisch
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mert Ödemis
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farangies Ghafoor
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Eisele
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Lenart
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Laboratory, and
| | - Jörgen Sälde
- Närakut SLSO, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deleah D. Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias N. Forsell
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Vazquez-Pagan A, Schultz-Cherry S. Serological Responses to Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112305. [PMID: 34835431 PMCID: PMC8619416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women, newborns, and infants under six months old are at the highest risk of developing severe and even fatal influenza. This risk is compounded by the inability to vaccinate infants under six months, highlighting the importance of vertically transferred immunity. This review identifies novel insights that have emerged from recent studies using animal models of pregnancy and vaccination. We also discuss the knowledge obtained using existing clinical trials that have evaluated influenza-specific serological responses in pregnant women and how these responses may impact early life immunity. We delineate the mechanisms involved in transferring specific maternal antibodies and discuss the consequences for early life immunity. Most importantly, we highlight the need for continued research using pregnant animal models and the inclusion of pregnant women, a commonly neglected population, when evaluating novel vaccine platforms to better serve and treat communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vazquez-Pagan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Prawiro SR, Kusuma MT, Amiruddin R, Sukmawati IN, Kusnaningrum Y, Nadarajah JDS, Anam K, Raras TYM, Winarsih S. GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA. Afr J Infect Dis 2021; 15:23-30. [PMID: 34595383 PMCID: PMC8457347 DOI: 10.21010/ajidv15i2s.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane protein epitope, we concise to be HF Materials and Methods: We used to post only control design study and mice as an animal model. The research divided mice into four groups, and the first group as control received PBS as a placebo. The second, three, and last four groups gave HF, HSN, and HFHSN (combine HF and HSN). All of the regiment enters the mouth with a special sonde to reach the gastrointestinal organ. We gave HF every week three times and HSN once a day. After administration regiments for a long three weeks, we sacrificed the mice. We evaluated cellular immune responses that are Th-2, Th-17, and NK cells. We check for humoral immune response, TGF-β,IL-17A, IL-4, IgG,IL-4, β-defensin, and s-IgA. Results: Highest profile cellular immunity HF, HSN, and HFHSN were NK cell, Th-2 and Th-17, and the last NK cell, respectively. After that which in humoral immunity, the domination response IgG and IL-4 were HF. But HSN and HFHSN dominated for s-IgA and β-defensin production. By using the study Bio-Informatica, we found HF. Conclusion: If the results of this study are continued to the clinical trial level, it is necessary to recommend additional markers such as CTL (s-IgA and β-defensin in lung tissue)and CPE assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumarno Reto Prawiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Meike Tiya Kusuma
- Magister Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Reyhan Amiruddin
- Magister Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Irma Nur Sukmawati
- Clinical Microbiologist Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Yuyun Kusnaningrum
- Clinical Microbiologist Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | | | - Khoirul Anam
- Doctoral Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Winarsih
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
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19
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Baltierra-Uribe SL, Montañez-Barragán A, Romero-Ramírez H, Klimov-Kravtchenko K, Martínez-Pedro KI, Sánchez-Salguero E, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Torres J, Santos-Argumedo L. Colostrum IgA1 antibodies recognize antigens from Helicobacter pylori and prevent cytoskeletal changes in human epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2641-2650. [PMID: 34398472 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium found on the luminal surface of the gastric mucosa in at least 50% of the world's human population. The protective effect of breastfeeding against H. pylori infection has been extensively reported; however, the mechanisms behind this protection remain poorly understood. Human IgA from colostrum has reactivity against H. pylori antigens. Despite that IgA1 and IgA2 display structural and functional differences, their reactivity against H. pylori had not been previously determined. We attested titers and reactivity of human colostrum-IgA subclasses by ELISA, immunoblot, and flow cytometry. Colostrum samples from healthy mothers had higher titers of IgA; and IgA1 mostly recognized H. pylori antigens. Moreover, we found a correlation between IgA1 reactivity and their neutralizing effect determined by inhibition of cytoskeletal changes in AGS cells infected with H. pylori. In conclusion, colostrum-IgA reduces H. pylori infection of epithelial gastric cells, suggesting an important role in preventing the bacteria establishment during the first months of life. As a whole, these results suggest that IgA1 from human colostrum provides protection that may help in the development of the mucosal immune system of newborn children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantal Lizbeth Baltierra-Uribe
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Montañez-Barragán
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ksenia Klimov-Kravtchenko
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karla Ivette Martínez-Pedro
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,"La Cañada" University (UNCA), Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Erick Sánchez-Salguero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Infectious and Parasitic Disease Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP) at Pediatric Hospital in National Medical Center (CMN- SIGLO XXI) Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Infectious and Parasitic Disease Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP) at Pediatric Hospital in National Medical Center (CMN- SIGLO XXI) Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Mengist HM, Kombe Kombe AJ, Mekonnen D, Abebaw A, Getachew M, Jin T. Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Implications on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 55:101533. [PMID: 34836774 PMCID: PMC8604694 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsible for more than 4.9 million deaths so far, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is instigating devastating effects on the global health care system whose impacts could be longer for the years to come. Acquiring a comprehensive knowledge of host-virus interaction is critical for designing effective vaccines and/or drugs. Understanding the evolution of the virus and the impact of genetic variability on host immune evasion and vaccine efficacy is helpful to design novel strategies to minimize the effects of the emerging variants of concern (VOC). Most vaccines under development and/or in current use target the spike protein owning to its unique function of host receptor binding, relatively conserved nature, potent immunogenicity in inducing neutralizing antibodies, and being a good target of T cell responses. However, emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains are exhibiting variability on the spike protein which could affect the efficacy of vaccines and antibody-based therapies in addition to enhancing viral immune evasion mechanisms. Currently, the degree to which mutations on the spike protein affect immunity and vaccination, and the ability of the current vaccines to confer protection against the emerging variants attracts much attention. This review discusses the implications of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity and forward directions which could contribute to future studies focusing on designing effective vaccines and/or immunotherapies to consider viral evolution. Combining vaccines derived from different regions of the spike protein that boost both the humoral and cellular wings of adaptive immunity could be the best options to cope with the emerging VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Abtie Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, 269, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Getachew
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, 269, Ethiopia
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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21
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Abstract
Extensive experiments performed mostly in a variety of animal models convincingly demonstrated the protective effect of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies administered by the mucosal route. Because of the independence of the mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system, antibodies from the circulation are not effectively transported in sufficient quantities into external secretions. Nevertheless, local application of antibodies of the desired specificity to mucosal membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female genital tracts protected experimental animals from the subsequent challenge by corresponding viral or bacterial pathogens. Thus, generation of monoclonal antibodies of desired specificity and the selection of delivery systems to extend their otherwise short survival on some mucosal surfaces are essential aims of their usability in humans for the effective prevention of mucosally acquired infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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de Jesús-Gil C, Sans-de San Nicolàs L, Ruiz-Romeu E, Ferran M, Soria-Martínez L, García-Jiménez I, Chiriac A, Casanova-Seuma JM, Fernández-Armenteros JM, Owens S, Celada A, Howell MD, Pujol RM, Santamaria-Babí LF. Interplay between Humoral and CLA + T Cell Response against Candida albicans in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041519. [PMID: 33546306 PMCID: PMC7913574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (CA) infections have been associated with psoriasis onset or disease flares. However, the integrated immune response against this fungus is still poorly characterized in psoriasis. We studied specific immunoglobulins in plasma and the CA response in cocultures of circulating memory CD45RA- cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+/- T cell with autologous epidermal cells from plaque and guttate psoriasis patients (cohort 1, n = 52), and also healthy individuals (n = 17). A complete proteomic profile was also evaluated in plaque psoriasis patients (cohort 2, n = 114) regarding their anti-CA IgA levels. Increased anti-CA IgA and IgG levels are present in the plasma from plaque but not guttate psoriasis compared to healthy controls. CA cellular response is confined to CLA+ T cells and is primarily Th17. The levels of anti-CA IgA are directly associated with CLA+ Th17 response in plaque psoriasis. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct profiles in psoriasis patients with high anti-CA IgA. C-C motif chemokine ligand 18, chitinase-3-like protein 1 and azurocidin were significantly elevated in the plasma from plaque psoriasis patients with high anti-CA levels and severe disease. Our results indicate a mechanism by which Candida albicans exposure can trigger a clinically relevant IL-17 response in psoriasis. Assessing anti-CA IgA levels may be useful in order to evaluate chronic psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de Jesús-Gil
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.d.J.-G.); (L.S.-d.S.N.); (E.R.-R.); (L.S.-M.); (I.G.-J.)
| | - Lídia Sans-de San Nicolàs
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.d.J.-G.); (L.S.-d.S.N.); (E.R.-R.); (L.S.-M.); (I.G.-J.)
| | - Ester Ruiz-Romeu
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.d.J.-G.); (L.S.-d.S.N.); (E.R.-R.); (L.S.-M.); (I.G.-J.)
| | - Marta Ferran
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Laura Soria-Martínez
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.d.J.-G.); (L.S.-d.S.N.); (E.R.-R.); (L.S.-M.); (I.G.-J.)
| | - Irene García-Jiménez
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.d.J.-G.); (L.S.-d.S.N.); (E.R.-R.); (L.S.-M.); (I.G.-J.)
| | - Anca Chiriac
- Department of Dermatophysiology, Apollonia University, 700613 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Josep Manel Casanova-Seuma
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (J.M.C.-S.); (J.M.F.-A.)
| | | | - Sherry Owens
- Translational Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (S.O.); (M.D.H.)
| | - Antonio Celada
- Macrophage Biology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Michael D. Howell
- Translational Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (S.O.); (M.D.H.)
| | - Ramòn María Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Luis Francisco Santamaria-Babí
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.d.J.-G.); (L.S.-d.S.N.); (E.R.-R.); (L.S.-M.); (I.G.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677375160
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23
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Camacho-Morales A, Caba M, García-Juárez M, Caba-Flores MD, Viveros-Contreras R, Martínez-Valenzuela C. Breastfeeding Contributes to Physiological Immune Programming in the Newborn. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:744104. [PMID: 34746058 PMCID: PMC8567139 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.744104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1,000 days in the life of a human being are a vulnerable stage where early stimuli may program adverse health outcomes in future life. Proper maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy modulates the development of the fetus, a physiological process known as fetal programming. Defective programming promotes non-communicable chronic diseases in the newborn which might be prevented by postnatal interventions such as breastfeeding. Breast milk provides distinct bioactive molecules that contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial gut colonization, and also secures a proper immunological response that protects against infection and inflammation in the newborn. The gut microbiome provides the most critical immune microbial stimulation in the newborn in early life, allowing a well-trained immune system and efficient metabolic settings in healthy subjects. Conversely, negative fetal programming by exposing mothers to diets rich in fat and sugar has profound effects on breast milk composition and alters the immune profiles in the newborn. At this new stage, newborns become vulnerable to immune compromise, favoring susceptibility to defective microbial gut colonization and immune response. This review will focus on the importance of breastfeeding and its immunological biocomponents that allow physiological immune programming in the newborn. We will highlight the importance of immunological settings by breastfeeding, allowing proper microbial gut colonization in the newborn as a window of opportunity to secure effective immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Martín García-Juárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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24
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Roos Ljungberg K, Börjesson E, Martinsson K, Wetterö J, Kastbom A, Svärd A. Presence of salivary IgA anti-citrullinated protein antibodies associate with higher disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:274. [PMID: 33225988 PMCID: PMC7681967 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating IgA anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) associate with more active disease, but a previous study implied that salivary IgA ACPA is related to a less severe disease. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the IgA ACPA response in the saliva and serum in relation to clinical picture and risk factors among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods RA patients (n = 196) and healthy blood donors (n = 101), included in the cross-sectional study “Secretory ACPA in Rheumatoid Arthritis” (SARA), were analyzed for ACPA of IgA isotype, and for subclasses IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA in paired saliva and serum samples using modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) targeting reactivity to a cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP). Cutoff levels for positive tests were set at the 99th percentile for blood donors. Antibody levels were related to clinical characteristics, radiographic damage, smoking habits, and carriage of HLA-DRB1/shared epitope (SE). Results IgA ACPA in the saliva was found in 12% of RA patients, IgA1 occurred in 10%, and IgA2 in 9%. In serum, IgA ACPA was found in 45% of the patients, IgA1 in 44%, and IgA2 in 39%. Levels of IgA ACPA in the saliva correlated significantly with serum levels of IgA (r = 0.455). The presence of salivary IgA ACPA was associated with a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 28-joint disease activity score, tender joint count, and patient global assessment at the time of sampling. None of the antibodies was associated with smoking, SE, or radiographic damage. Conclusion Salivary IgA ACPAs were detected in a subset of RA patients in association with higher disease activity. This suggests that mucosal ACPA responses in the oral cavity may contribute to disease-promoting processes in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Roos Ljungberg
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emil Börjesson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Klara Martinsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Wetterö
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alf Kastbom
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Svärd
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Sterlin D, Fadlallah J, Adams O, Fieschi C, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Rajkumar A, Autaa G, El-Kafsi H, Charuel JL, Juste C, Jönsson F, Candela T, Wardemann H, Aubry A, Capito C, Brisson H, Tresallet C, Cummings RD, Larsen M, Yssel H, von Gunten S, Gorochov G. Human IgA binds a diverse array of commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133553. [PMID: 31891367 PMCID: PMC7062531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, several grams of IgA are secreted every day in the intestinal lumen. While only one IgA isotype exists in mice, humans secrete IgA1 and IgA2, whose respective relations with the microbiota remain elusive. We compared the binding patterns of both polyclonal IgA subclasses to commensals and glycan arrays and determined the reactivity profile of native human monoclonal IgA antibodies. While most commensals are dually targeted by IgA1 and IgA2 in the small intestine, IgA1+IgA2+ and IgA1−IgA2+ bacteria coexist in the colon lumen, where Bacteroidetes is preferentially targeted by IgA2. We also observed that galactose-α terminated glycans are almost exclusively recognized by IgA2. Although bearing signs of affinity maturation, gut-derived IgA monoclonal antibodies are cross-reactive in the sense that they bind to multiple bacterial targets. Private anticarbohydrate-binding patterns, observed at clonal level as well, could explain these apparently opposing features of IgA, being at the same time cross-reactive and selective in its interactions with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EA 3518, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Asok Rajkumar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Autaa
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hela El-Kafsi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Juste
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Candela
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Capito
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hélène Brisson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tresallet
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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26
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Krammer F. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development. Nature 2020; 586:516-527. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1225] [Impact Index Per Article: 306.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Yang Y, Palm NW. Immunoglobulin A and the microbiome. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 56:89-96. [PMID: 32889295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The trillions of microbes that constitutively colonize the intestine (the gut microbiota) impact diverse aspects of human physiology in health and disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced at mucosal surfaces, and nearly two grams of IgA is secreted into the intestine every day. Secretory IgA (SIgA) provides critical protection against pathogens and toxins, but can also directly bind to and 'coat' commensal bacteria in the gut. Commensal targeting by SIgA shapes gut microbiota composition, modulates bacterial behaviors, and enforces host-microbiota homeostasis in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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28
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Albrecht M, Arck PC. Vertically Transferred Immunity in Neonates: Mothers, Mechanisms and Mediators. Front Immunol 2020; 11:555. [PMID: 32296443 PMCID: PMC7136470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, an increasing number of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases has been reported. Besides elderly and immunocompromised individuals, newborns and small infants are most susceptible to infections, as their immune system is still immature. This vulnerability during infancy can be mitigated by the transplacental transfer of pathogen-specific antibodies and other mediators of immunity from mother to the fetus during pregnancy, followed postnatally by breast milk-derived immunity. Since this largely antibody-mediated passive immunity can prevent the newborn from infections, neonatal immunity depends strongly on the maternal concentration of respective specific antibodies during pregnancy. If titers are low or wane rapidly after birth, the protection transferred to the child may not be sufficient to prevent disease. Moreover, emerging concepts propose that mothers may transfer active immunity to the newborns via vertical transfer of pathogen-specific T cells. Overall, a promising strategy to augment and prolong neonatal immunity is to vaccinate the mother before or during pregnancy in order to boost maternal antibody concentrations or availability of specific T cells. Hence, a large number of pre-and postconceptional vaccine trials have been carried out to test and confirm this concept. We here highlight novel insights arising from recent research endeavors on the influence of prenatal maternal vaccination against pathogens that can pose a threat for newborns, such as measles, pertussis, rubella and influenza A. We delineate pathways involved in the transfer of specific maternal antibodies. We also discuss the consequences for children's health and long-term immunity resulting from an adjustment of prenatal vaccination regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Albrecht
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Fenton TM, Jørgensen PB, Niss K, Rubin SJS, Mörbe UM, Riis LB, Da Silva C, Plumb A, Vandamme J, Jakobsen HL, Brunak S, Habtezion A, Nielsen OH, Johansson-Lindbom B, Agace WW. Immune Profiling of Human Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Identifies a Role for Isolated Lymphoid Follicles in Priming of Region-Specific Immunity. Immunity 2020; 52:557-570.e6. [PMID: 32160523 PMCID: PMC7155934 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestine contains some of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the body. Here we describe a method for isolating human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that allows unprecedented profiling of the adaptive immune system in submucosal and mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles (SM-ILFs and M-ILFs, respectively) as well as in GALT-free intestinal lamina propria (LP). SM-ILF and M-ILF showed distinct patterns of distribution along the length of the intestine, were linked to the systemic circulation through MAdCAM-1+ high endothelial venules and efferent lymphatics, and had immune profiles consistent with immune-inductive sites. IgA sequencing analysis indicated that human ILFs are sites where intestinal adaptive immune responses are initiated in an anatomically restricted manner. Our findings position ILFs as key inductive hubs for regional immunity in the human intestine, and the methods presented will allow future assessment of these compartments in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Fenton
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter B Jørgensen
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Niss
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel J S Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Urs M Mörbe
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lene B Riis
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Clément Da Silva
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Adam Plumb
- Immunological Memory Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julien Vandamme
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik L Jakobsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bengt Johansson-Lindbom
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden; Immunological Memory Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - William W Agace
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Abstract
The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. Vaccines are the best available countermeasure against infection, but vaccine effectiveness is low compared with other viral vaccines, and the induced immune response is narrow and short-lived. Furthermore, inactivated influenza virus vaccines focus on the induction of systemic IgG responses but do not effectively induce mucosal IgA responses. Here, I review the differences between natural infection and vaccination in terms of the antibody responses they induce and how these responses protect against future infection. A better understanding of how natural infection induces broad and long-lived immune responses will be key to developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines.
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31
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Zachova K, Kosztyu P, Zadrazil J, Matousovic K, Vondrak K, Hubacek P, Julian BA, Moldoveanu Z, Novak Z, Kostovcikova K, Raska M, Mestecky J. Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Pathogenesis and Racial Distribution of IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32184780 PMCID: PMC7058636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the dominant type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. However, IgAN rarely affects African Blacks and is uncommon in African Americans. Polymeric IgA1 with galactose-deficient hinge-region glycans is recognized as auto-antigen by glycan-specific antibodies, leading to formation of circulating immune complexes with nephritogenic consequences. Because human B cells infected in vitro with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) secrete galactose-deficient IgA1, we examined peripheral blood B cells from adult IgAN patients, and relevant controls, for the presence of EBV and their phenotypic markers. We found that IgAN patients had more lymphoblasts/plasmablasts that were surface-positive for IgA, infected with EBV, and displayed increased expression of homing receptors for targeting the upper respiratory tract. Upon polyclonal stimulation, these cells produced more galactose-deficient IgA1 than did cells from healthy controls. Unexpectedly, in healthy African Americans, EBV was detected preferentially in surface IgM- and IgD-positive cells. Importantly, most African Blacks and African Americans acquire EBV within 2 years of birth. At that time, the IgA system is naturally deficient, manifested as low serum IgA levels and few IgA-producing cells. Consequently, EBV infects cells secreting immunoglobulins other than IgA. Our novel data implicate Epstein-Barr virus infected IgA+ cells as the source of galactose-deficient IgA1 and basis for expression of relevant homing receptors. Moreover, the temporal sequence of racial-specific differences in Epstein-Barr virus infection as related to the naturally delayed maturation of the IgA system explains the racial disparity in the prevalence of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Zachova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karel Matousovic
- Department of Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vondrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Hubacek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zdenek Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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32
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De Jesús-Gil C, Sans-de San Nicolás L, Ruiz-Romeu E, Ferran M, Soria-Martinez L, Chiriac A, Celada A, Pujol RM, Santamaria-Babí LF. Specific IgA and CLA + T-Cell IL-17 Response to Streptococcus pyogenes in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1364-1370.e1. [PMID: 31972247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes tonsillar infection is well known to trigger and exacerbate psoriasis lesions in both guttate and plaque forms of the disease. Although mucosal and cutaneous tissues are closely involved in psoriasis pathology, the interaction between their specific immune responses has not been deeply explored. This work aims to address and characterize the presence of humoral responses against S. pyogenes in patients with psoriasis and its putative association with cytokine responses detected in vitro in our psoriasis ex vivo model, based on the coculture of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen+/- T cells with autologous epidermal cells. Patients with psoriasis presented increased IgA response to S. pyogenes when compared with control subjects. In patients with plaque psoriasis, despite being negative for anti-streptolysin O antibody titer, IgA plasma levels against S. pyogenes correlated with cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen+ T-cell-dependent IL-17F response in vitro. No association is observed for IgG levels in plaque psoriasis. Similar association is observed for IgA anti-S. pyogenes extract and IL-17A in patients with guttate psoriasis. We propose S. pyogenes-specific IgA as a potential new perspective for better understanding the role of S. pyogenes in psoriasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Jesús-Gil
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sans-de San Nicolás
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Ruiz-Romeu
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ferran
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anca Chiriac
- Department of Dermatophysiology, Apollonia University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Antonio Celada
- Macrophage Biology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis F Santamaria-Babí
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Davis SK, Selva KJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Serum IgA Fc effector functions in infectious disease and cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:276-286. [PMID: 31785006 PMCID: PMC7217208 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is the most abundant antibody isotype present at mucosal surfaces and the second most abundant in human serum. In addition to preventing pathogen entry at mucosal surfaces, IgA can control and eradicate bacterial and viral infections through a variety of antibody‐mediated innate effector cell mechanisms. The role of mucosal IgA in infection (e.g. neutralization) and in inflammatory homeostasis (e.g. allergy and autoimmunity) has been extensively investigated; by contrast, serum IgA is comparatively understudied. IgA binding to fragment crystallizable alpha receptor plays a dual role in the activation and inhibition of innate effector cell functions. Mounting evidence suggests that serum IgA induces potent effector functions against various bacterial and some viral infections including Neisseria meningitidis and rotavirus. Furthermore, in the era of immunotherapy, serum IgA provides an interesting alternative to classical IgG monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and infectious pathogens. Here we discuss the role of serum IgA in infectious diseases with reference to bacterial and viral infections and the potential for IgA as a monoclonal antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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34
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Perše M, Večerić-Haler Ž. The Role of IgA in the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246199. [PMID: 31818032 PMCID: PMC6940854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced in humans, predominantly present in the mucosal areas where its main functions are the neutralization of toxins, prevention of microbial invasion across the mucosal epithelial barrier, and simultaneous maintenance of a physiologically indispensable symbiotic relationship with commensal bacteria. The process of IgA biosynthesis, interaction with receptors, and clearance can be disrupted in certain pathologies, like IgA nephropathy, which is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. This review summarizes the latest findings in the complex characteristics of the molecular structure and biological functions of IgA antibodies, offering an in-depth overview of recent advances in the understanding of biochemical, immunologic, and genetic factors important in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4047-4675
| | - Željka Večerić-Haler
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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35
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Zachova K, Kosztyu P, Zadrazil J, Matousovic K, Vondrak K, Hubacek P, Kostovcikova K, Tlaskalova Hogenova H, Mestecky J, Raska M. Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood B cell trafficking differences among Epstein-Barr virus infected and uninfected subpopulations. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 164:247-254. [PMID: 31723302 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) targets predominantly B cells and these cells could acquire new phenotype characteristics. Here we analyzed whether EBV-infected and -uninfected B cells from healthy subjects differ in proportion of dominant phenotypes, maturation stage, and homing receptors expression. METHODS EBV-infected and -uninfected cells were identified by flow cytometry using fluorophore-labeled EBV RNA-specific DNA probes combined with fluorophore-labeled antibody to surface lineage markers, integrins, chemokine receptors, and immunoglobulin isotypes, including intracellular ones. RESULTS Our results show that the trafficking characteristics of EBERpos B cells are distinct from EBERneg B cells with most dominant differences detected for α4β1 and α4β7 and CCR5 and CCR7. EBV-positive cells are predominantly memory IgM+ B cells or plasmablasts/plasma cells (PB/PC) positive for IgA or less for IgM. In comparison to uninfected B cells, less EBV-positive B cells express α4β7 and almost no cells express α4β1. EBV-positive B cells contained significantly higher proportion of CCR5+ and CCR7+ cells in comparison to EBV-negative cells. In vitro exposure of blood mononuclear cells to pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 reduces population of EBV-positive B cell. CONCLUSION Although EBV-infected B cells represent only a minor subpopulation, their atypical functions could contribute in predisposed person to development abnormities such as some autoimmune diseases or tumors. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry we characterized differences in migration of EBV-positive and -negative B cells of various maturation stage and isotype of produced antibodies particularly different targeting to mucosal tissues of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Zachova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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36
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Sánchez-Salguero E, Mondragón-Ramírez GK, Alcántara-Montiel JC, Cérbulo-Vázquez A, Villegas-Domínguez X, Contreras-Vargas VM, Thompson-Bonilla MDR, Romero-Ramírez H, Santos-Argumedo L. Infectious episodes during pregnancy, at particular mucosal sites, increase specific IgA1 or IgA2 subtype levels in human colostrum. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2019; 5:9. [PMID: 31205733 PMCID: PMC6558797 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-019-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colostrum is the primary source of maternal immunoglobulin A (IgA) for the newborn. IgA participates in protection and regulation mechanisms of the immune response at the neonate’s mucosa. Several studies have evaluated infectious diseases and vaccine protocols effects during pregnancy on maternal milk IgA levels, with the aim to understand lactation protecting effect on newborn. However, most of their results demonstrated that there were no differences in the total IgA levels. In humans, IgA has two subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2), they have an anatomical distribution among mucosal compartments, their levels vary after antigen stimulation and are also seen to describe differential affinities in colostrum. Although there are differences between IgA subclasses in several compartments, these studies have excluded specific colostrum IgA1 and IgA2 determination. Methods We analyzed data from 900 women in Mexico City. With Pearson correlation, we compared the number of infectious episodes during their pregnancy that was associated with mucosal compartments (skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts) and colostrum IgA subclasses. Results We show a correlation between increased colostrum IgA1 levels and the number of infectious episodes at respiratory tract and the skin. In contrast, infections at the gastrointestinal tract correlated with increased IgA2 amounts. Conclusions Infections present during pregnancy at certain mucosal site increase specific IgA subclasses levels in human colostrum. These results will help in understanding infections and immunizations effects on maternal IgA at the mammary gland, and their impact on the development and protection of the newborn. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40748-019-0104-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Sánchez-Salguero
- 1Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Geovanni Kaleb Mondragón-Ramírez
- 1Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,2Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Milpa Alta Unit (CICSUMA), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Alcántara-Montiel
- School of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Regional Hospital of High Specialty of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cérbulo-Vázquez
- 4Faculty of Medicine, Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,5Women's Hospital, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor Manuel Contreras-Vargas
- 6Departments of Gynecology and Genomic Medicine, Regional Hospital 1° de Octubre, Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- 6Departments of Gynecology and Genomic Medicine, Regional Hospital 1° de Octubre, Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- 1Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- 1Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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37
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Sabbaj S, Mestecky J. Evaluation of Mucosal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV in External Secretions and Mucosal Tissues. CURRENT IMMUNOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 15:41-48. [PMID: 33312087 PMCID: PMC7731984 DOI: 10.2174/1573395514666180621152303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune systems of the genital and intestinal tracts as the most frequent sites of HIV-1 entry, display remarkable immunological differences from the systemic immune compartment which must be considered in the evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. Marked differences in the fluids from the genital and intestinal tracts and in plasma with respect to the Ig isotypes, their levels, molecular forms and distinct effector functions must be taken into consideration in the evaluation and interpretation of humoral immune responses. Because of the low levels and highly pronounced variation in Ig content, HIV-1-specific antibody concentrations should be always related to the levels of total Ig of a given isotype. This practice will avoid inevitable differences due to the small volumes of collected fluids and sample dilution during the collection and processing of samples from external secretions. Furthermore, appropriate controls and immunochemical assays should be used to complement and confirm results generated by ELISA, which is prone to false positivity. In the evaluation of antibody-mediated virus neutralization in external secretions, precautions and rigorous controls must be used to exclude the effect of innate humoral factors. The evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses in mucosal tissues is difficult due to the low yields of cells obtained from tissue biopsies or cytobrush scrapings. Furthermore, tissue biopsies of, for example rectal mucosa, provide information pertinent exclusively to this local site, which due to the differences in distribution of cells of different phenotypes, do not provide information generalized to the entire intestinal tract. Importantly, studies concerning the kinetics of cellular responses are difficult to perform due to the limited availability of samples or to the inability of obtaining frequent repeated tissue biopsies. For sampling the female genital tract parallel collection of menstrual and peripheral blood yields high numbers of cells that permit their detailed phenotypic and functional analyses. In contrast to tissue biopsies, this non-traumatic collection procedure, results in high cell yields and repeated monthly sampling permits extensive and parallel functional studies of kinetics and unique characteristics of HIV-1-specific cellular responses in the female genital tract and peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie Sabbaj
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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38
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Parker AR, Bradley C, Harding S, Sánchez-Ramón S, Jolles S, Kiani-Alikhan S. Measurement and interpretation of Salmonella typhi Vi IgG antibodies for the assessment of adaptive immunity. J Immunol Methods 2018; 459:1-10. [PMID: 29800575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Response to polysaccharide vaccination can be an invaluable tool for assessing functionality of the adaptive immune system. Measurement of antibodies raised in response to Pneumovax®23 is the current gold standard test, but there are significant challenges and constraints in both the measurement and interpretation of the response. An alternative polysaccharide vaccine approach (Salmonella typhi Vi capsule (ViCPS)) has been suggested. In the present article, we review current evidence for the measurement of ViCPS antibodies in the diagnosis of primary and secondary antibody deficiencies. In particular, we review emerging data suggesting their interpretation in combination with the response to Pneumovax®23 and comment upon the utility of these vaccines to assess humoral immune responses while receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sorena Kiani-Alikhan
- Department of Immunology, Barts and The London National Health Service Trust, London, UK
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39
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Palkola NV, Pakkanen SH, Heikinheimo O, Kantele JM, Kantele A. Circulating pathogen-specific plasmablasts in female patients with upper genital tract infection. J Reprod Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29525428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal antibodies constitute the first line of adaptive immune defence against invaders in the female genital tract (FGT), yet the sequence of events leading to their production is surprisingly poorly characterized. We explored the induction of pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) as a response to an acute infection in the upper FGT. We recruited 12 patients undergoing surgery due to an upper FGT infection (7/12 blood culture positive, 5/12 negative) and six healthy controls. Pathogens were sampled during surgery and PBMC collected in the acute phase of the disease (days 7-10). We searched by ELISPOT circulating pathogen-specific ASC and explored their frequency, immunoglobulin isotype distribution, and expressions of homing receptors (α4β7, L-selectin, and CLA). All patients had circulating ASC specific to the infective bacteria; the geometric mean was 434 (95%CI 155-1234) ASC (IgA + IgG + IgM)/106 PBMC. IgA ASC predominated in 7/12, IgG ASC in 3/12, and IgM ASC in 2/12 cases. Of all the pathogen-specific ASC, 60% expressed α4β7, 67% L-selectin, and 9% CLA. This study is the first to show induction of pathogen-specific ASC in the peripheral blood in bacterial infection in the human FGT. Our findings reveal that such FGT-originating pathogen-specific ASC are predominated by IgA ASC and exhibit a homing receptor profile resembling that of ASC in acute urinary tract infection. The data thus suggest a characteristic profile shared by the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Palkola
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari H Pakkanen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi M Kantele
- Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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El Bannoudi H, Anquetil C, Braunstein MJ, Pond SLK, Silverman GJ. Unbiased RACE-Based Massive Parallel Surveys of Human IgA Antibody Repertoires. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1643:45-73. [PMID: 28667529 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7180-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
For investigations of human B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires, we have developed a protocol for large-scale surveys of human antibody heavy chain (VH) rearrangements. Here we study IgA repertoires, as more IgA antibodies are synthesized in the human body on a daily level than all other isotypes combined. In fact, IgA is secreted at all mucosal surfaces, and it is also secreted in the perspiration that coats our cutaneous surfaces. In these studies we can characterize the IgA clonal diversity of B-cell populations obtained from any donor. To recover representative repertoire libraries, we make our libraries from antibody gene transcript templates (i.e., cDNA), as these are closer reflections of the immune repertoire expressed at the antibody protein level. To avoid biases potentially introduced by upstream oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to variable region framework regions, our approach also uses rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) of antibody transcripts. For exploration of human IgA responses, we have designed a duplexing antisense constant region primer that efficiently amplifies, side-by-side, heavy chain transcripts of both the IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses. By these methods we have begun to define the molecular differences in the IgA1 and IgA2 responses occurring simultaneously in different donors. These methods will be used to investigate the effects of microbial virulence factors on host defenses, during autoimmune responses, and in B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane El Bannoudi
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 450 E. 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Céline Anquetil
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 450 E. 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marc J Braunstein
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 450 E. 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 8th Floor, Rm 804, 450 E. 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Yang Z, Zhao Q, Gao YA, Zhang W. Combined Oral and Intravenous Immunization Stimulates Strong IgA Responses in Both Systemic and Mucosal Compartments. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168037. [PMID: 27936222 PMCID: PMC5148103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of immunization routes onIgG, IgA and IgM production in systemic and mucosal compartments, we immunized mice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) via oral, intranasal (i.n.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes alone or combined with the intravenous (i.v.) route. We found that administering antigen intravenously could affect antibody production and formation of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) depending on the immunization route previously used. Combined oral/i.v. immunization but not s.c./i.v. immunization caused a great increase of IgA ASCs in the spleen and enhanced IgA production in the small intestine and serum. Combined i.n./i.v. immunization could also increase IgA ASCs in the spleen and enhance IgA production in serum but had no effect on IgA production in the small intestine. Oral/i.v. immunization caused increase of IgG ASCs in both the spleen and bone marrow. In comparison, combined i.n./i.v. and s.c./i.v. immunization could increase IgG ASCs in the spleen but not in bone marrow. Intravenous administration of KLH in mice that had been immunized via oral, i.n. or s.c. routes caused some increase of IgM ASCs in the spleen but not in bone marrow. In conclusion, combined oral and i.v. administration of an antigen can induce fast and strong immune responses, especially for IgA, in both systemic and mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-An Gao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Immune Defense in Upper Airways: A Single-Cell Study of Pathogen-Specific Plasmablasts and Their Migratory Potentials in Acute Sinusitis and Tonsillitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154594. [PMID: 27128095 PMCID: PMC4851416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high frequency of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and use of the nasal mucosa as route for vaccination, the local immune mechanism and dissemination of effector lymphocytes from the URT have been insufficiently characterized. To devise a single-cell approach for studying the mucosal immune response in the URT, we explored URT-originating B effector lymphocytes in the circulation of patients with one of two common respiratory infections, acute sinusitis or tonsillitis. Methods Patients with acute sinusitis (n = 13) or tonsillitis (n = 11) were investigated by ELISPOT for circulating pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) of IgA, IgG and IgM isotypes approximately one week after the onset of symptoms. These cells’ potential to home into tissues was explored by assessing their expression of tissue-specific homing receptors α4β7, L-selectin, and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). Results Pathogen-specific ASCs were detected in the circulation of all patients, with a geometric mean of 115 (95% CI 46–282) /106 PBMC in sinusitis, and 48 (27–88) in tonsillitis. These responses were mainly dominated by IgG. In sinusitis α4β7 integrin was expressed by 24% of the ASCs, L-selectin by 82%, and CLA by 21%. The proportions for tonsillitis were 15%, 80%, and 23%, respectively. Healthy individuals had no ASCs. Conclusions URT infections–acute sinusitis and tonsillitis–both elicited a response of circulating pathogen-specific plasmablasts. The magnitude of the response was greater in sinusitis than tonsillitis, but the homing receptor profiles were similar. Human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid structures were found to disseminate immune effector cells with a distinct homing profile.
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Knoppova B, Reily C, Maillard N, Rizk DV, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J. The Origin and Activities of IgA1-Containing Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27148252 PMCID: PMC4828451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, frequently leading to end-stage renal disease, as there is no disease-specific therapy. IgAN is diagnosed from pathological assessment of a renal biopsy specimen based on predominant or codominant IgA-containing immunodeposits, usually with complement C3 co-deposits and with variable presence of IgG and/or IgM. The IgA in these renal deposits is galactose-deficient IgA1, with less than a full complement of galactose residues on the O-glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chains. Research from the past decade led to the definition of IgAN as an autoimmune disease with a multi-hit pathogenetic process with contributing genetic and environmental components. In this process, circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 (autoantigen) is bound by antiglycan IgG or IgA (autoantibodies) to form immune complexes. Some of these circulating complexes deposit in glomeruli, and thereby activate mesangial cells and induce renal injury through cellular proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and cytokines/chemokines. Glycosylation pathways associated with production of the autoantigen and the unique characteristics of the corresponding autoantibodies in patients with IgAN have been uncovered. Complement likely plays a significant role in the formation and the nephritogenic activities of these complexes. Complement activation is mediated through the alternative and lectin pathways and probably occurs systemically on IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes as well as locally in glomeruli. Incidence of IgAN varies greatly by geographical location; the disease is rare in central Africa but accounts for up to 40% of native-kidney biopsies in eastern Asia. Some of this variation may be explained by genetically determined influences on the pathogenesis of the disease. Genome-wide association studies to date have identified several loci associated with IgAN. Some of these loci are associated with the increased prevalence of IgAN, whereas others, such as deletion of complement factor H-related genes 1 and 3, are protective against the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic and biochemical factors involved in formation and activities of pathogenic IgA1-containing immune complexes will enable the development of future disease-specific therapies as well as identification of non-invasive disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Knoppova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Stoof SP, van der Klis FRM, van Rooijen DM, Bogaert D, Trzciński K, Sanders EAM, Berbers GAM. Salivary antibody levels in adolescents in response to a meningococcal serogroup C conjugate booster vaccination nine years after priming: systemically induced local immunity and saliva as potential surveillance tool. Vaccine 2015; 33:3933-9. [PMID: 26100925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several countries large-scale immunization of children and young adults with Meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccines has induced long-standing herd protection. Salivary antibodies may play an important role in mucosal protection against meningococcal acquisition and carriage. AIM To investigate antibody levels in (pre)adolescents primed 9 years earlier with a single dose of MenC-polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugated (MenC-TT) vaccine and the response to a booster vaccination, with special focus on age-related differences and the relation between salivary and serum antibody levels. METHODS Nine years after priming, healthy 10- (n=91), 12- (n=91) and 15-year-olds (n=86) received a MenC-TT booster vaccination. Saliva and serum samples were collected prior to and 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. MenC-polysaccharide(MenC-PS)-specific antibody levels were measured using a fluorescent-bead-based multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS Before the booster, MenC-PS-specific IgG and IgA levels in saliva and serum were low and correlated with age at priming. The booster induced a marked increase in salivary MenC-PS-specific IgG (>200-fold), but also in IgA (∼10-fold). One year after the booster, salivary IgG and IgA had remained above pre-booster levels in all age groups (∼20-fold and ∼3-fold, respectively), with persistence of highest levels in the 15-year-olds. MenC-PS-specific IgG and IgA levels in saliva strongly correlated with the levels in serum. CONCLUSION Parenteral MenC-TT booster vaccination induces a clear increase in salivary MenC-PS-specific IgG and IgA levels and persistence of highest levels correlates with age. The strong correlation between serum and salivary antibody levels indicate that saliva may offer an easy and reliable tool for future antibody surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne P Stoof
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fiona R M van der Klis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie M van Rooijen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Krzysztof Trzciński
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Palkola NV, Pakkanen SH, Kantele JM, Pakarinen L, Puohiniemi R, Kantele A. Differences in Homing Potentials of Streptococcus pneumoniae-Specific Plasmablasts in Pneumococcal Pneumonia and After Pneumococcal Polysaccharide and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccinations. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1279-87. [PMID: 25838267 PMCID: PMC4577046 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mucosal immune mechanisms in the upper and lower respiratory tracts may serve a critical role in preventing pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae–specific plasmablasts presumably originating in the lower respiratory tract have recently been found in the circulation in patients with pneumonia. The localization of an immune response can be evaluated by exploring homing receptors on such plasmablasts, yet no data have thus far described homing receptors in pneumonia. Methods. The expression of α4β7, L-selectin, and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) on S. pneumoniae–specific plasmablasts was examined in patients with pneumonia (n = 16) and healthy volunteers given pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV; n = 14) or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV; n = 11). Results. In patients with pneumonia, the proportion of S. pneumoniae–specific plasmablasts expressing L-selectin was high, the proportion expressing α4β7 was moderate, and the proportion expressing CLA was low. The homing receptor α4β7 was expressed more frequently in the pneumonia group than in the PPV (P = .000) and PCV (P = .029) groups, L-selectin was expressed more frequently in the PPV group than in the PCV group (P = .014); and CLA was expressed more frequently in the pneumonia group than in the PPV group (P = .001). Conclusions. The homing receptor profile in patients with pneumonia was unique yet it was closer to that in PCV recipients than in PPV recipients. These data suggest greater mucosal localization for immune response in natural infection, which is clinically interesting, especially considering the shortcomings of vaccines in protecting against noninvasive pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Palkola
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases
| | | | - Jussi M Kantele
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ritvaleena Puohiniemi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Anu Kantele
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases
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Novak J, Raska M, Mestecky J, Julian BA. IgA Nephropathy and Related Diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sztein MB, Salerno-Goncalves R, McArthur MA. Complex adaptive immunity to enteric fevers in humans: lessons learned and the path forward. Front Immunol 2014; 5:516. [PMID: 25386175 PMCID: PMC4209864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, and S. Paratyphi A and B, causative agents of paratyphoid fever, are major public health threats throughout the world. Although two licensed typhoid vaccines are currently available, they are only moderately protective and immunogenic necessitating the development of novel vaccines. A major obstacle in the development of improved typhoid, as well as paratyphoid vaccines is the lack of known immunological correlates of protection in humans. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in understanding the complex adaptive host responses against S. Typhi. Although the induction of S. Typhi-specific antibodies (including their functional properties) and memory B cells, as well as their cross-reactivity with S. Paratyphi A and S. Paratyphi B has been shown, the role of humoral immunity in protection remains undefined. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is likely to play a dominant role in protection against enteric fever pathogens. Detailed measurements of CMI performed in volunteers immunized with attenuated strains of S. Typhi have shown, among others, the induction of lymphoproliferation, multifunctional type 1 cytokine production, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell responses. In addition to systemic responses, the local microenvironment of the gut is likely to be of paramount importance in protection from these infections. In this review, we will critically assess current knowledge regarding the role of CMI and humoral immunity following natural S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi infections, experimental challenge, and immunization in humans. We will also address recent advances regarding cross-talk between the host's gut microbiota and immunization with attenuated S. Typhi, mechanisms of systemic immune responses, and the homing potential of S. Typhi-specific B- and T-cells to the gut and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B Sztein
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Monica A McArthur
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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