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Parinandi N, Gerasimovskaya E, Verin A. Editorial: Molecular mechanisms of lung endothelial permeability. Front Physiol 2022; 13:976873. [PMID: 35936898 PMCID: PMC9355505 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.976873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narasimham Parinandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Verin,
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Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Enkhbaatar P, Csanyi G, Caldwell RW, Hundsberger H, Sridhar S, Lever AA, Hudel M, Ash D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T, Chakraborty T, Verin A, Eaton DC, Romero M, Hamacher J. Dichotomous Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Pulmonary Barrier Function and Alveolar Fluid Clearance. Front Physiol 2022; 12:793251. [PMID: 35264975 PMCID: PMC8899333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar-capillary leak is a hallmark of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a potentially lethal complication of severe sepsis, trauma and pneumonia, including COVID-19. Apart from barrier dysfunction, ARDS is characterized by hyper-inflammation and impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), which foster the development of pulmonary permeability edema and hamper gas exchange. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic cytokine, involved in host immune defense against pathogens and cancer. TNF exists in both membrane-bound and soluble form and its mainly -but not exclusively- pro-inflammatory and cytolytic actions are mediated by partially overlapping TNFR1 and TNFR2 binding sites situated at the interface between neighboring subunits in the homo-trimer. Whereas TNFR1 signaling can mediate hyper-inflammation and impaired barrier function and AFC in the lungs, ligand stimulation of TNFR2 can protect from ventilation-induced lung injury. Spatially distinct from the TNFR binding sites, TNF harbors within its structure a lectin-like domain that rather protects lung function in ARDS. The lectin-like domain of TNF -mimicked by the 17 residue TIP peptide- represents a physiological mediator of alveolar-capillary barrier protection. and increases AFC in both hydrostatic and permeability pulmonary edema animal models. The TIP peptide directly activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) -a key mediator of fluid and blood pressure control- upon binding to its α subunit, which is also a part of the non-selective cation channel (NSC). Activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF is preserved in complexes between TNF and its soluble TNFRs and can be physiologically relevant in pneumonia. Antibody- and soluble TNFR-based therapeutic strategies show considerable success in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, but their chronic use can increase susceptibility to infection. Since the lectin-like domain of TNF does not interfere with TNF's anti-bacterial actions, while exerting protective actions in the alveolar-capillary compartments, it is currently evaluated in clinical trials in ARDS and COVID-19. A more comprehensive knowledge of the precise role of the TNFR binding sites versus the lectin-like domain of TNF in lung injury, tissue hypoxia, repair and remodeling may foster the development of novel therapeutics for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Rudolf Lucas,
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Robert W. Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alice Ann Lever
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Martina Hudel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Douglas C. Eaton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maritza Romero
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Jürg Hamacher,
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3
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Munoz Pinto MF, Campbell SJ, Simoglou Karali C, Johanssen VA, Bristow C, Cheng VWT, Zarghami N, Larkin JR, Pannell M, Hearn A, Chui C, Brinquis Nunez B, Bokma E, Holgate R, Anthony DC, Sibson NR. Selective blood-brain barrier permeabilization of brain metastases by a type 1 receptor-selective tumor necrosis factor mutein. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:52-63. [PMID: 34297105 PMCID: PMC8730757 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis to the brain is a major challenge with poor prognosis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant impediment to effective treatment, being intact during the early stages of tumor development and heterogeneously permeable at later stages. Intravenous injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) selectively induces BBB permeabilization at sites of brain micrometastasis, in a TNF type 1 receptor (TNFR1)-dependent manner. Here, to enable clinical translation, we have developed a TNFR1-selective agonist variant of human TNF that induces BBB permeabilization, while minimizing potential toxicity. METHODS A library of human TNF muteins (mutTNF) was generated and assessed for binding specificity to mouse and human TNFR1/2, endothelial permeabilizing activity in vitro, potential immunogenicity, and circulatory half-life. The permeabilizing ability of the most promising variant was assessed in vivo in a model of brain metastasis. RESULTS The primary mutTNF variant showed similar affinity for human TNFR1 than wild-type human TNF, similar affinity for mouse TNFR1 as wild-type mouse TNF, undetectable binding to human/mouse TNFR2, low potential immunogenicity, and permeabilization of an endothelial monolayer. Circulatory half-life was similar to mouse/human TNF and BBB permeabilization was induced selectively at sites of micrometastases in vivo, with a time window of ≥24 hours and enabling delivery of agents within a therapeutically relevant range (0.5-150 kDa), including the clinically approved therapy, trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a clinically translatable mutTNF that selectively opens the BBB at micrometastatic sites, while leaving the rest of the cerebrovasculature intact. This approach will open a window for brain metastasis treatment that currently does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Munoz Pinto
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra J Campbell
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bristow
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vinton W T Cheng
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Niloufar Zarghami
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Pannell
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- OxSonics Ltd., The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Arron Hearn
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cherry Chui
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Evert Bokma
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Holgate
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Mraheil MA, Toque HA, La Pietra L, Hamacher J, Phanthok T, Verin A, Gonzales J, Su Y, Fulton D, Eaton DC, Chakraborty T, Lucas R. Dual Role of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:962-978. [PMID: 32283950 PMCID: PMC8035917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance:Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive human pathogen with increasing rates of penicillin and macrolide resistance, is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. Pneumococci are a primary agent of severe pneumonia in children younger than 5 years and of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. A major defense mechanism toward Spn is the generation of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), during the oxidative burst of neutrophils and macrophages. Paradoxically, Spn produces high endogenous levels of H2O2 as a strategy to promote colonization. Recent Advances: Pneumococci, which express neither catalase nor common regulators of peroxide stress resistance, have developed unique mechanisms to protect themselves from H2O2. Spn generates high levels of H2O2 as a strategy to promote colonization. Production of H2O2 moreover constitutes an important virulence phenotype and its cellular activities overlap and complement those of other virulence factors, such as pneumolysin, in modulating host immune responses and promoting organ injury. Critical Issues: This review examines the dual role of H2O2 in pneumococcal pneumonia, from the viewpoint of both the pathogen (defense mechanisms, lytic activity toward competing pathogens, and virulence) and the resulting host-response (inflammasome activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier in the lungs). Future Directions: An understanding of the complexity of H2O2-mediated host-pathogen interactions is necessary to develop novel strategies that target these processes to enhance lung function during severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luigi La Pietra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juerg Hamacher
- Internal Medicine and Pneumology, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Lungen- und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine V-Pneumology, Allergology, Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tenzing Phanthok
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Madaio MP, Czikora I, Kvirkvelia N, McMenamin M, Yue Q, Liu T, Toque HA, Sridhar S, Covington K, Alaisami R, O'Connor PM, Caldwell RW, Chen JK, Clauss M, Brands MW, Eaton DC, Romero MJ, Lucas R. The TNF-derived TIP peptide activates the epithelial sodium channel and ameliorates experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1359-1372. [PMID: 30905471 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mice, the initial stage of nephrotoxic serum-induced nephritis (NTN) mimics antibody-mediated human glomerulonephritis. Local immune deposits generate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which activates pro-inflammatory pathways in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes. Because TNF receptors mediate antibacterial defense, existing anti-TNF therapies can promote infection; however, we have previously demonstrated that different functional domains of TNF may have opposing effects. The TIP peptide mimics the lectin-like domain of TNF, and has been shown to blunt inflammation in acute lung injury without impairing TNF receptor-mediated antibacterial activity. We evaluated the impact of TIP peptide in NTN. Intraperitoneal administration of TIP peptide reduced inflammation, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen. The protective effect was blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, indicating involvement of prostaglandins. Targeted glomerular delivery of TIP peptide improved pathology in moderate NTN and reduced mortality in severe NTN, indicating a local protective effect. We show that TIP peptide activates the epithelial sodium channel(ENaC), which is expressed by GEC, upon binding to the channel's α subunit. In vitro, TNF treatment of GEC activated pro-inflammatory pathways and decreased the generation of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, which promote recovery from NTN. TIP peptide counteracted these effects. Despite the capacity of TIP peptide to activate ENaC, it did not increase mean arterial blood pressure in mice. In the later autologous phase of NTN, TIP peptide blunted the infiltration of Th17 cells. By countering the deleterious effects of TNF through direct actions in GEC, TIP peptide could provide a novel strategy to treat glomerular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Istvan Czikora
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nino Kvirkvelia
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Rabei Alaisami
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert W Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, RLR-VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael W Brands
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maritza J Romero
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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6
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Requirement of TNF and TNF receptor type 2 for LPS-induced protection from lethal septic peritonitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519020080051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment of mice with low quantities of LPS induces endotoxin t olerance characterized by enhanced resistance to lethal doses of LPS and to a number of infectious challenges. M ice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) survived the ensuing septic peritonitis significantly better when they had been pretreated with LPS. This LPS-induced protection was dependent on endogenous TNF production capacity since LPS pretreatment did not protect TNF-deficient mice from death after CLP. W hile mice deficient in the TNF receptor type 2 (p75TNFR) were as sensitive to CLP-induced mortality as control mice, LPS pretreatment could not reduce mortality in p75TNFR-deficient mice after CLP. Therefore, activation of the TNF receptor type 2 by endogenous TNF constitutes an important interaction for the development of LPS-induced resistance to bacterial infection.
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7
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Girão DKFB, Cavada BS, de Freitas Pires A, Martins TV, Franco ÁX, Morais CM, Santiago do Nascimento K, Delatorre P, da Silva HC, Nagano CS, Assreuy AMS, Soares PMG. The galactose-binding lectin isolated from Bauhinia bauhinioides Mart seeds inhibits neutrophil rolling and adhesion via primary cytokines. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:285-92. [PMID: 25706245 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the amino acid sequence and anti-inflammatory effect of Bauhinia bauhinioides (BBL) lectin were evaluated. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed that BBL possesses 86 amino acid residues. BBL (1 mg/kg) intravenously injected in rats 30 min prior to inflammatory stimuli inhibited the cellular edema induced by carrageenan in only the second phase (21% - 3 h, 19% - 4 h) and did not alter the osmotic edema induced by dextran. BBL also inhibited carrageenan peritoneal neutrophil migration (51%), leukocyte rolling (58%) and adhesion (68%) and the neutrophil migration induced by TNF-α (64%). These effects were reversed by the association of BBL with galactose, demonstrating that the carbohydrate-binding domain is essential for lectin activity. In addition, BBL reduced myeloperoxidase activity (84%) and TNF-α (68%) and IL1-β (47%) levels. In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated that BBL contains highly homologous isolectins, resulting in a total of 86 amino acid residues, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting neutrophil migration by reducing TNF-α and IL1-β levels via the lectin domain.
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8
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Yang G, Hamacher J, Gorshkov B, White R, Sridhar S, Verin A, Chakraborty T, Lucas R. The Dual Role of TNF in Pulmonary Edema. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011; 1:29-36. [PMID: 21188088 PMCID: PMC3004168 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.59983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
—Pulmonary edema, a major manifestation of left ventricular heart failure, renal insufficiency, shock, diffuse alveolar damage and lung hypersensitivity states, is a significant medical problem worldwide and can be life-threatening. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis and development of pulmonary edema. However, some recent studies have demonstrated surprisingly that TNF can also promote alveolar fluid reabsorption in vivo and in vitro. This protective effect of the cytokine is mediated by the lectin-like domain of the cytokine, which is spatially distinct from the TNF receptor binding sites. The TIP peptide, a synthetic mimic of the lectin-like domain of TNF, can significantly increase alveolar fluid clearance and improve lung compliance in pulmonary edema models. In this review, we will discuss the dual role of TNF in pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Vascular Biology Center & Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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9
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Diestel A, Troeller S, Billecke N, Sauer IM, Berger F, Schmitt KRL. Mechanisms of hypothermia-induced cell protection mediated by microglial cellsin vitro. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:779-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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ten Hagen TLM, Seynhaeve ALB, Eggermont AMM. Tumor necrosis factor-mediated interactions between inflammatory response and tumor vascular bed. Immunol Rev 2009; 222:299-315. [PMID: 18364010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumor therapy with chemotherapeutics greatly depends on the efficiency with which drugs are delivered to tumor cells. The typical characteristics of the tumor physiology promote but also appose accumulation of blood-borne agents. The leaky tumor vasculature allows easy passage of drugs. However, the disorganized vasculature causes heterogeneous blood flow, and together with the often-elevated interstitial fluid pressure, this state results in poor intratumoral drug levels and failure of treatment. Manipulation of the tumor vasculature could overcome these barriers and promote drug delivery. Targeting the vasculature has several advantages. The endothelial lining is readily accessible and the first to be encountered after systemic injection. Second, endothelial cells tend to be more stable than tumor cells and thus less likely to develop resistance to therapy. Third, targeting the tumor vasculature can have dual effects: (i) manipulation of the vasculature can enhance concomitant chemotherapy, and (ii) subsequent destruction of the vasculature can help to kill the tumor. In particular, tumor necrosis factor alpha is studied. Its action on solid tumors, both directly through tumor cell killing and destruction of the tumor vasculature and indirectly through manipulation of the tumor physiology, is complex. Understanding the mechanism of TNF and agents with comparable action on solid tumors is an important focus to further develop combination immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo L M ten Hagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Regulators of endothelial and epithelial barrier integrity and function in acute lung injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1763-72. [PMID: 19428331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Permeability edema is a life-threatening complication accompanying acute lung injury (ALI), severe pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can be associated with a reduced alveolar liquid clearance (ALC) capacity, a disruption of the alveolar epithelial barrier, and an increased capillary endothelial permeability. Bacterial and viral infections can directly promote pulmonary endothelial hyperpermeability and indirectly decrease the function and/or expression of ion transporters regulating ALC in type II alveolar epithelial cells, by means of inducing a strong inflammatory and oxidative stress response in the infected lungs. Apart from ventilation strategies, no standard treatment exists for permeability edema, making the search for novel regulators of endothelial and epithelial hyperpermeability and dysfunction important. Here, we present an overview of recently identified substances that inhibit and/or reverse endothelial barrier disruption and permeability or alveolar epithelial dysfunction: (1) zinc chelators, which were shown to attenuate the effects of oxidative stress on the pulmonary endothelium; (2) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, which have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects, by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes; (3) extracellular ATP, produced during inflammation, which induces a rapid and dose-dependent increase in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) across pulmonary endothelial cells; (4) the lectin-like domain of TNF, which is spatially distinct from the receptor binding sites and which protects from hydrostatic and permeability edema and (5) Hsp90 inhibitors, which prevent and repair toxin-induced hyperpermeability. Unraveling the mechanism of action of these agents could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat permeability edema.
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12
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Sterns T, Pollak N, Echtenacher B, Männel DN. Divergence of protection induced by bacterial products and sepsis-induced immune suppression. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4905-12. [PMID: 16041004 PMCID: PMC1201202 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.8.4905-4912.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to bacterial infections after a primary immune stimulation differs drastically depending on the presensitization of the innate immune system. To determine the conditions that either induce protection or enhanced susceptibility to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, we pretreated mice either with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), whole killed bacteria, or sublethal cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as a mouse model for septic peritonitis. Impaired production of the cytokines TNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 was induced by these pretreatment schedules, with TNF-signaling not being essential for this effect. Injection of TNF or killed bacteria enhanced survival of mice infected subsequently with serovar Typhimurium. In contrast, sepsis such as that induced by CLP only protected from shock induced by d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide or by a high dose of bacteria but sensitized to a secondary bacterial infection. Such sepsis-induced enhanced susceptibility to infection was critically dependent on TNF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Sterns
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, F.-J.-Strauss-Allee, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Echtenacher B, Urbaschek R, Weigl K, Freudenberg MA, Männel DN. Treatment of experimental sepsis-induced immunoparalysis with TNF. Immunobiology 2004; 208:381-9. [PMID: 14748511 DOI: 10.1078/0171-2985-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following a severe septic abdominal infection induced by sublethal cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice, a phase of depressed immune reactivity occurred two days after CLP characterized by a reduced capacity to produce TNF. To determine whether this reduced TNF production causes immunoparalysis as determined by increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and whether therapeutic TNF substitution can be beneficial during this phase, a super-infection with Salmonella enterica Serovar typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes was induced two days after sublethal CLP. After CLP a state of true immunoparalysis developed during which Salmonella or Listeria super-infection led to increased lethality paralleled by increased bacterial numbers in spleens and livers. Injection of recombinant human TNF before or at the time of super-infection conferred protection to Salmonella but not to Listeria. In the latter case, the infection mortality was even enhanced. Thus, super-infection during the state of sepsis-induced immunoparalysis leads to increased lethality. TNF substitution during this state of immunoparalysis can be beneficial or deleterious, depending on the location of TNF activity in the animal, timing of TNF administration, or the type of super-infection. These results demonstrate that impaired TNF production capacity can account for some aspects of immunoparalysis, however, diagnostic parameters are required for a safe TNF substitution therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Echtenacher
- Institute for Pathology/Tumor Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Berthiaume Y. Tumor necrosis factor and lung edema clearance: the tip of the iceberg? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 168:1022-3. [PMID: 14581284 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2308003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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15
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Elia N, Tapponnier M, Matthay MA, Hamacher J, Pache JC, Brundler MA, Totsch M, De Baetselier P, Fransen L, Fukuda N, Morel DR, Lucas R. Functional identification of the alveolar edema reabsorption activity of murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:1043-50. [PMID: 12842853 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200206-618oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) activates sodium channels in Type II alveolar epithelial cells, an important mechanism for the reported fluid resorption capacity of the cytokine. Both TNF-alpha receptor-dependent and -independent effects were proposed for this activity in vitro, the latter mechanism mediated by the lectin-like domain of the molecule. In this study, the relative contribution of the receptor-dependent versus receptor-independent activities was investigated in an in situ mouse lung model and an ex vivo rat lung model. Fluid resorption due to murine TNF-alpha (mTNF-alpha) was functional in mice that were genetically deficient in both types of mTNF-alpha receptor, establishing the importance of mTNF-alpha receptor-independent effects in this species. In addition, we assessed the capacity of an mTNF-alpha-derived peptide (mLtip), which activates sodium transport by a receptor-independent mechanism, to reduce lung water content in an isolated, ventilated, autologous blood-perfused rat lung model. The results show that in this model, mLtip, in contrast to mTNF-alpha, produced a progressive recovery of dynamic lung compliance and airway resistance after alveolar flooding. There was also a significant reduction in lung water. These results indicate that the receptor-independent lectin-like domain of mTNF-alpha has a potential physiological role in the resolution of alveolar edema in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Elia
- Division of Anesthesiological Investigations, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Echtenacher B, Freudenberg MA, Jack RS, Männel DN. Differences in innate defense mechanisms in endotoxemia and polymicrobial septic peritonitis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:7271-6. [PMID: 11705897 PMCID: PMC98811 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.12.7172-7276.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss, reduction, or enhancement of the ability to respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has no influence on survival of mice in a model of postoperative polymicrobial septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). This was demonstrated by using either mice with a defective Tlr4 gene, which encodes the critical receptor molecule for LPS responses, or mice deficient for LPS binding protein (LBP) or mice sensitized to LPS by Propionibacterium acnes. Though interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) play an important role in the sensitivity to LPS as well as in the resistance to several infections, loss of these cytokine pathways does not affect survival after CLP. Thus, neutralization of neither endogenous IL-12 nor IFN-gamma altered mortality. In addition, IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice demonstrated the same sensitivity to CLP as mice with a functional IFN-gamma receptor. However, administration of IFN-gamma at the time of operation or pretreatment of both IFN-gamma-sensitive and IFN-gamma-resistant mice with IL-12 significantly enhanced mortality. This indicates that in the present infection model activation of innate defense mechanisms is not dependent on LPS recognition and does not require endogenous IL-12 or IFN-gamma function. Indeed, exogenous application of these two mediators had deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Echtenacher
- Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Fukuda N, Jayr C, Lazrak A, Wang Y, Lucas R, Matalon S, Matthay MA. Mechanisms of TNF-alpha stimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport across alveolar epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280:L1258-65. [PMID: 11350806 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.l1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha can upregulate alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in pneumonia or septic peritonitis, the mechanisms responsible for the TNF-alpha-mediated increase in epithelial fluid transport were studied. In rats, 5 microg of TNF-alpha in the alveolar instillate increased AFC by 67%. This increase was inhibited by amiloride but not by propranolol. We also tested a triple-mutant TNF-alpha that is deficient in the lectinlike tip portion of the molecule responsible for its membrane conductance effect; the mutant also has decreased binding affinity to both TNF-alpha receptors. The triple-mutant TNF-alpha did not increase AFC. Perfusion of human A549 cells, patched in the whole cell mode, with TNF-alpha (120 ng/ml) resulted in a sustained increase in Na(+) currents from 82 +/- 9 to 549 +/- 146 pA (P < 0.005; n = 6). The TNF-alpha-elicited Na(+) current was inhibited by amiloride, and there was no change when A549 cells were perfused with the triple-mutant TNF-alpha or after preincubation with blocking antibodies to the two TNF-alpha receptors before perfusion with TNF-alpha. In conclusion, although TNF- alpha can initiate acute inflammation and edema formation in the lung, TNF-alpha can also increase AFC by an amiloride-sensitive, cAMP-independent mechanism that enhances the resolution of alveolar edema in pathological conditions by either binding to its receptors or activating Na(+) channels by means of its lectinlike domain.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Amiloride/administration & dosage
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Biological Transport/physiology
- Cell Line
- Humans
- Instillation, Drug
- Male
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Mutation
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Propranolol/administration & dosage
- Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Sodium/metabolism
- Sodium Channels/drug effects
- Sodium Channels/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/administration & dosage
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fukuda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0130, USA
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18
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Lucas R, Montesano R, Pepper MS, Hafner M, Sablon E, Dunant Y, Grau GE, De Baetselier P, Männel D, Fransen L. Lectin-deficient TNF mutants display comparable anti-tumour but reduced pro-metastatic potential as compared to the wild-type molecule. Int J Cancer 2001; 91:543-9. [PMID: 11251979 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1090>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterised the anti-tumour as well as the pro-metastatic activities of TNF mutants deficient in their lectin-like activity.1619 We report that, despite reduced systemic toxicity as compared to wild-type (wt) mTNF, a (T104A) and a (T104A-E106A-E109A) mTNF mutant (triple mTNF) retained most of their necrotic and tumouristatic activities, as measured in a CFS-1 fibrosarcoma and a B16BL6 melanoma tumour model, respectively. These mutants also conserved their anti-angiogenic activity, as measured in an in vitro endothelial morphogenesis assay.26 In contrast, the pro-metastatic activity of the T104A and the triple mTNF mutants in the CFS-1 fibrosarcoma and the 3LL-R Lewis lung carcinoma tumour model was significantly lower than that of the wt molecule. These results thus indicate that the lectin-like domain of TNF is not implicated in its necrotic, tumouristatic and anti-angiogenic activities, but that it can contribute to the pro-metastatic effect of the cytokine. In conclusion, in view of their reduced systemic toxicity and pro-metastatic capacity, but their retained anti-tumour activities, lectin-deficient TNF mutants might prove to be therapeutically interesting alternatives to wt TNF.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
- Cattle
- Cell Adhesion
- Collagen/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosarcoma/genetics
- Fibrosarcoma/metabolism
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lung/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation
- Necrosis
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
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19
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van der Goot FG, Pugin J, Hribar M, Fransen L, Dunant Y, De Baetselier P, Bloc A, Lucas R. Membrane interaction of TNF is not sufficient to trigger increase in membrane conductance in mammalian cells. FEBS Lett 1999; 460:107-11. [PMID: 10571070 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor TNF can trigger increases in membrane conductance of mammalian cells in a receptor-independent manner via its lectin-like domain. A lectin-deficient TNF mutant, lacking this activity, was able to bind to artificial liposomes in a pH-dependent manner, but not to insert into the bilayer, just like wild type TNF. A peptide mimicking the lectin-like domain, which can still trigger increases in membrane currents in cells, failed to interact with liposomes. Thus, the capacity of TNF to trigger increases in membrane conductance in mammalian cells does not correlate with its ability to interact with membranes, suggesting that the cytokine does not form channels itself, but rather interacts with endogenous ion channels or with plasma membrane proteins that are coupled to ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G van der Goot
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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20
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Hribar M, Bloc A, van der Goot FG, Fransen L, De Baetselier P, Grau GE, Bluethmann H, Matthay MA, Dunant Y, Pugin J, Lucas R. The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases membrane conductance in microvascular endothelial cells and peritoneal macrophages. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3105-11. [PMID: 10540321 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3105::aid-immu3105>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we show that TNF exerts a pH-dependent increase in membrane conductance in primary lung microvascular endothelial cells and peritoneal macrophages. This effect was TNF receptor-independent, since it also occurred in cells isolated from mice deficient in both types of TNF receptors. A TNF mutant in which the three amino acids critical for the lectin-like activity were replaced by an alanine did not show any significant effect on membrane conductance. Moreover, a synthetic 17-amino acid peptide of TNF, which was previously shown to exert lectin-like activity, also increased the ion permeability in these cells. The amiloride sensitivity of the observed activity suggests a binding of TNF to an endogenous ion channel rather than channel formation by TNF itself. This may have important implications in mechanisms of TNF-mediated vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hribar
- Division of Medical Intensive Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Lucas R, Garcia I, Donati YR, Hribar M, Mandriota SJ, Giroud C, Buurman WA, Fransen L, Suter PM, Nunez G, Pepper MS, Grau GE. Both TNF receptors are required for direct TNF-mediated cytotoxicity in microvascular endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:3577-86. [PMID: 9842900 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3577::aid-immu3577>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conditions under which tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces apoptosis in primary microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) were investigated. In the absence of sensitizing agents, TNF induced apoptosis after 3 days of incubation in confluent MVEC. In contrast, upon addition of the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (Act. D), confluence was no longer required and apoptosis occurred already after 16 h. To assess the role of either TNF receptor (TNFR) type in apoptosis, MVEC isolated from mice genetically deficient in TNFR1 (Tnfr1o mice) or TNFR2 (Tnfr2o mice) were incubated with TNF in the presence or absence of Act. D. Under sensitized conditions, Tnfr2o MVEC were lysed like controls, whereas Tnfr1o MVEC were completely resistant, indicating an exclusive role for TNFR1. In contrast, in the absence of Act. D, confluent monolayers of wild-type cells were lysed by TNF, but both Tnfr1o and Tnfr2o MVEC were resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity, indicating a requirement for both TNFR types. Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-xL in MVEC led to a protection against the direct, but not the sensitized cytotoxicity of TNF. In conclusion, in pathophysiologically relevant conditions, both TNFR appear to be required for TNF-induced apoptosis in MVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lucas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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