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Lichota A, Gwozdzinski K, Kowalczyk E, Kowalczyk M, Sienkiewicz M. Contribution of staphylococcal virulence factors in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127703. [PMID: 38537329 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are responsible for many infections in humans, starting with skin and soft tissue infections and finishing with invasive diseases such as endocarditis, sepsis and pneumonia, which lead to high mortality. Patients with sepsis often demonstrate activated clotting pathways, decreased levels of anticoagulants, decreased fibrinolysis, activated endothelial surfaces and activated platelets. This results in disseminated intravascular coagulation and formation of a microthrombus, which can lead to a multiorgan failure. This review describes various staphylococcal virulence factors that contribute to vascular thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis in infected patients. The article presents mechanisms of action of different factors released by bacteria in various host defense lines, which in turn can lead to formation of blood clots in the vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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2
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Yamazaki Y, Ito T, Tamai M, Nakagawa S, Nakamura Y. The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:9. [PMID: 38429810 PMCID: PMC10905890 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It is the most common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, and can also cause various other infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well as life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. The pathogen can also asymptomatically colonize human skin, nasal cavity, and the intestine. S. aureus colonizes approximately 20-30% of human nostrils, being an opportunistic pathogen for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via human contact makes it difficult to eradicate S. aureus. A major concern with S. aureus is its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. The variability in the accessory gene regulator (Agr) region of the genome contributes to a spectrum of phenotypes within the bacterial population, enhancing the likelihood of survival in different environments. Agr functions as a central quorum sensing (QS) system in S. aureus, allowing bacteria to adjust gene expression in response to population density. Depending on Agr expression, S. aureus secretes various toxins, contributing to virulence in infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing Agr may be disadvantageous in certain situations, such as in hospitals, causing S. aureus to generate Agr mutants responsible for infections in healthcare settings. MAIN BODY This review aims to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse phenotypes of S. aureus, ranging from a harmless colonizer to an organism capable of infecting various human organs. Emphasis will be placed on QS and its role in orchestrating S. aureus behavior across different contexts. SHORT CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of S. aureus infection is substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting from factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected to give the comprehensive understanding of S. aureus overall profile in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yamazaki
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tamai
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Cinar MS, Niyas A, Avci FY. Serine-rich repeat proteins: well-known yet little-understood bacterial adhesins. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0024123. [PMID: 37975670 PMCID: PMC10810200 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00241-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich-repeat proteins (SRRPs) are large mucin-like glycoprotein adhesins expressed by a plethora of pathogenic and symbiotic Gram-positive bacteria. SRRPs play major functional roles in bacterial-host interactions, like adhesion, aggregation, biofilm formation, virulence, and pathogenesis. Through their functional roles, SRRPs aid in the development of host microbiomes but also diseases like infective endocarditis, otitis media, meningitis, and pneumonia. SRRPs comprise shared domains across different species, including two or more heavily O-glycosylated long stretches of serine-rich repeat regions. With loci that can be as large as ~40 kb and can encode up to 10 distinct glycosyltransferases that specifically facilitate SRRP glycosylation, the SRRP loci makes up a significant portion of the bacterial genome. The significance of SRRPs and their glycans in host-microbe communications is becoming increasingly evident. Studies are beginning to reveal the glycosylation pathways and mature O-glycans presented by SRRPs. Here we review the glycosylation machinery of SRRPs across species and discuss the functional roles and clinical manifestations of SRRP glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes S. Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Afaq Niyas
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y. Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Carestia A, Godin LC, Jenne CN. Step up to the platelet: Role of platelets in inflammation and infection. Thromb Res 2023; 231:182-194. [PMID: 36307228 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cells derived from megakaryocytes that are primarily responsible for hemostasis. However, in recent years, these cytoplasts have become increasingly recognized as immune cells, able to detect, interact with, and kill pathogens. As platelets are involved in both immunity and coagulation, they have a central role in immunothrombosis, a physiological process in which immune cells induce the formation of microthrombi to both prevent the spread of pathogens, and to help facilitate clearance. In this review, we will highlight the role of platelets as key players in the inflammatory and innate immune response against bacterial and viral infection, including direct and indirect interactions with pathogens and other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Carestia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Laura C Godin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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5
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Abrudan MI, Shamanna V, Prasanna A, Underwood A, Argimón S, Nagaraj G, Di Gregorio S, Govindan V, Vasanth A, Dharmavaram S, Kekre M, Aanensen DM, Ravikumar KL. Novel multidrug-resistant sublineages of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 22 discovered in India. mSphere 2023; 8:e0018523. [PMID: 37698417 PMCID: PMC10597471 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00185-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in India causing community and nosocomial infections, but little is known about its molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance in hospital settings. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize 478 S. aureus clinical isolates (393 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 85 methicilin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) collected from 17 sentinel sites across India between 2014 and 2019. Sequencing results confirmed that sequence type 22 (ST22) (142 isolates, 29.7%), ST239 (74 isolates, 15.48%), and ST772 (67 isolates, 14%) were the most common clones. An in-depth analysis of 175 clonal complex (CC) 22 Indian isolates identified two novel ST22 MRSA lineages, both Panton-Valentine leukocidin+, both resistant to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, and one harboring the the gene for toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst). A temporal analysis of 1797 CC22 global isolates from 14 different studies showed that the two Indian ST22 lineages shared a common ancestor in 1984 (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 1982-1986), as well as evidence of transmission to other parts of the world. Moreover, the study also gives a comprehensive view of ST2371, a sublineage of CC22, as a new emerging lineage in India and describes it in relationship with the other Indian ST22 isolates. In addition, the retrospective identification of a putative outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ST239 from a single hospital in Bangalore that persisted over a period of 3 years highlights the need for the implementation of routine surveillance and simple infection prevention and control measures to reduce these outbreaks. To our knowledge, this is the first WGS study that characterized CC22 in India and showed that the Indian clones are distinct from the EMRSA-15 clone. Thus, with the improved resolution afforded by WGS, this study substantially contributed to our understanding of the global population of MRSA. IMPORTANCE The study conducted in India between 2014 and 2019 presents novel insights into the prevalence of MRSA in the region. Previous studies have characterized two dominant clones of MRSA in India, ST772 and ST239, using whole-genome sequencing. However, this study is the first to describe the third dominant clone, ST22, using the same approach. The ST22 Indian isolates were analyzed in-depth, leading to the discovery of two new sublineages of hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus in India, both carrying antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations, which limit treatment options for patients. One of the newly characterized sublineages, second Indian cluster, carries the tsst-1 virulence gene, increasing the risk of severe infections. The geographic spread of the two novel lineages, both within India and internationally, could pose a global public health threat. The study also sheds light on ST2371 in India, a single-locus variant of ST22. The identification of a putative outbreak of MDR ST239 in a single hospital in Bangalore emphasizes the need for routine surveillance and simple infection prevention and control measures to reduce these outbreaks. Overall, this study significantly contributes to our understanding of the global population of MRSA, thanks to the improved resolution afforded by WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica I. Abrudan
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Varun Shamanna
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Biotechnology, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Akshatha Prasanna
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anthony Underwood
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Argimón
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Geetha Nagaraj
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sabrina Di Gregorio
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vandana Govindan
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ashwini Vasanth
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sravani Dharmavaram
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mihir Kekre
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K. L. Ravikumar
- Central Research Laboratory, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Bogut A, Koper P, Marczak M, Całka P. The first genomic characterization of a stable, hemin-dependent small colony variant strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a prosthetic-joint infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289844. [PMID: 37928677 PMCID: PMC10620731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotype switching from a wild type (WT) to a slow-growing subpopulation, referred to as small colony variants (SCVs), supports an infectious lifestyle of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the leading cause of medical device-related infections. Specific mechanisms underlying formation of SCVs and involved in the shaping of their pathogenic potential are of particular interest for stable strains as they have been only rarely cultured from clinical specimens. As the SCV phenotype stability implies the existence of genetic changes, the whole genome sequence of a stable, hemin-dependent S. epidermidis SCV strain (named 49SCV) involved in a late prosthetic joint infection was analyzed. The strain was isolated in a monoculture without a corresponding WT clone, therefore, its genome was compared against five reference S. epidermidis strains (ATCC12228, ATCC14990, NBRC113846, O47, and RP62A), both at the level of the genome structure and coding sequences. According to the Multilocus Sequence Typing analysis, the 49SCV strain represented the sequence type 2 (ST2) regarded as the most prominent infection-causing lineage with a worldwide dissemination. Genomic features unique to 49SCV included the absence of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCC), ~12 kb deletion with the loss of genes involved in the arginine deiminase pathway, and frameshift-generating mutations within the poly(A) and poly(T) homopolymeric tracts. Indels were identified in loci associated with adherence, metabolism, stress response, virulence, and cell wall synthesis. Of note, deletion in the poly(A) of the hemA gene has been considered a possible trigger factor for the phenotype transition and hemin auxotrophy in the strain. To our knowledge, the study represents the first genomic characterization of a clinical, stable and hemin-dependent S. epidermidis SCV strain. We propose that previously unreported indels in the homopolymeric tracts can constitute a background of the SCV phenotype due to a resulting truncation of the corresponding proteins and their possible biological dysfunction. Streamline of genetic content evidenced by the loss of the SCC and a large genomic deletion can represent a possible strategy associated both with the SCV phenotype and its adaptation to chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bogut
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Koper
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marczak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Całka
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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7
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Souza SSR, Smith JT, Bruce SA, Gibson R, Martin IW, Andam CP. Multi-host infection and phylogenetically diverse lineages shape the recombination and gene pool dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:235. [PMID: 37626313 PMCID: PMC10463932 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus can infect and adapt to multiple host species. However, our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary drivers of its generalist lifestyle remains inadequate. This is particularly important when considering local populations of S. aureus, where close physical proximity between bacterial lineages and between host species may facilitate frequent and repeated interactions between them. Here, we aim to elucidate the genomic differences between human- and animal-derived S. aureus from 437 isolates sampled from disease cases in the northeast region of the United States. RESULTS Multi-locus sequence typing revealed the existence of 75 previously recognized sequence types (ST). Our population genomic analyses revealed heterogeneity in the accessory genome content of three dominant S. aureus lineages (ST5, ST8, ST30). Genes related to antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and plasmid types were differentially distributed among isolates according to host (human versus non-human) and among the three major STs. Across the entire population, we identified a total of 1,912 recombination events that occurred in 765 genes. The frequency and impact of homologous recombination were comparable between human- and animal-derived isolates. Low-frequency STs were major donors of recombined DNA, regardless of the identity of their host. The most frequently recombined genes (clfB, aroA, sraP) function in host infection and virulence, which were also frequently shared between the rare lineages. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results show that frequent but variable patterns of recombination among co-circulating S. aureus lineages, including the low-frequency lineages, that traverse host barriers shape the structure of local gene pool and the reservoir of host-associated genetic variants. Our study provides important insights to the genetic and evolutionary factors that contribute to the ability of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease in multiple host species. Our study highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of S. aureus circulating in different ecological host niches and the need to systematically sample from them. These findings will inform development of effective measures to control S. aureus colonization, infection, and transmission across the One Health continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S R Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Joshua T Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Spencer A Bruce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Robert Gibson
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Isabella W Martin
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
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Rouressol L, Briseno J, Vijayan N, Chen GY, Ritschard EA, Sanchez G, Nyholm SV, McFall-Ngai MJ, Simakov O. Emergence of novel genomic regulatory regions associated with light-organ development in the bobtail squid. iScience 2023; 26:107091. [PMID: 37426346 PMCID: PMC10329180 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Light organs (LO) with symbiotic bioluminescent bacteria are hallmarks of many bobtail squid species. These organs possess structural and functional features to modulate light, analogous to those found in coleoid eyes. Previous studies identified four transcription factors and modulators (SIX, EYA, PAX6, DAC) associated with both eyes and light organ development, suggesting co-option of a highly conserved gene regulatory network. Using available topological, open chromatin, and transcriptomic data, we explore the regulatory landscape around the four transcription factors as well as genes associated with LO and shared LO/eye expression. This analysis revealed several closely associated and putatively co-regulated genes. Comparative genomic analyses identified distinct evolutionary origins of these putative regulatory associations, with the DAC locus showing a unique topological and evolutionarily recent organization. We discuss different scenarios of modifications to genome topology and how these changes may have contributed to the evolutionary emergence of the light organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rouressol
- Department for Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
- Department of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John Briseno
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Nidhi Vijayan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Grischa Y. Chen
- Department of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Elena A. Ritschard
- Department for Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Gustavo Sanchez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Spencer V. Nyholm
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
- Department of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Department for Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
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9
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Aceil J, Venkat A, Pan E, Kannan N, Avci FY. Prevalence and Homology of the Pneumococcal Serine-Rich Repeat Protein at the Global Scale. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0325222. [PMID: 36995217 PMCID: PMC10269691 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03252-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a WHO high-priority disease despite multivalent conjugate vaccines administered in clinical practice worldwide. A protein-based, serotype-independent vaccine has long-promised comprehensive coverage of most clinical isolates of the pneumococcus. Along with numerous pneumococcal surface protein immunogens, the pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP) has been investigated as a potential vaccine target due to its surface exposure and functions toward bacterial virulence and lung infection. Three critical criteria for its vaccine potential - the clinical prevalence, serotype distribution, and sequence homology of PsrP - have yet to be well characterized. Here, we used genomes of 13,454 clinically isolated pneumococci from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing project to investigate PsrP presence among isolates, distribution among serotypes, and interrogate its homology as a protein across species. These isolates represent all age groups, countries worldwide, and types of pneumococcal infection. We found PsrP present in at least 50% of all isolates across all determined serotypes and nontypeable (NT) clinical isolates. Using a combination of peptide matching and HMM profiles built on full-length and individual PsrP domains, we identified novel variants that expand PsrP diversity and prevalence. We also observed sequence variability in its basic region (BR) between isolates and serotypes. PsrP has a strong vaccine potential due to its breadth of coverage, especially in nonvaccine serotypes (NVTs) when exploiting its regions of conservation in vaccine design. IMPORTANCE An updated outlook on PsrP prevalence and serotype distribution sheds new light on the comprehensiveness of a PsrP-based protein vaccine. The protein is present in all vaccine serotypes and highly present in the next wave of potentially disease-causing serotypes not included in the current multivalent conjugate vaccines. Furthermore, PsrP is strongly correlated with clinical isolates harboring pneumococcal disease as opposed to pneumococcal carriage. PsrP is also highly present in strains and serotypes from Africa, where the need for a protein-based vaccine is the greatest, giving new reasoning to pursue PsrP as a protein vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Aceil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y. Avci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Hachani A, Giulieri SG, Guérillot R, Walsh CJ, Herisse M, Soe YM, Baines SL, Thomas DR, Cheung SD, Hayes AS, Cho E, Newton HJ, Pidot S, Massey RC, Howden BP, Stinear TP. A high-throughput cytotoxicity screening platform reveals agr-independent mutations in bacteraemia-associated Staphylococcus aureus that promote intracellular persistence. eLife 2023; 12:84778. [PMID: 37289634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with high mortality rates. Often considered an extracellular pathogen, S. aureus can persist and replicate within host cells, evading immune responses, and causing host cell death. Classical methods for assessing S. aureus cytotoxicity are limited by testing culture supernatants and endpoint measurements that do not capture the phenotypic diversity of intracellular bacteria. Using a well-established epithelial cell line model, we have developed a platform called InToxSa (intracellular toxicity of S. aureus) to quantify intracellular cytotoxic S. aureus phenotypes. Studying a panel of 387 S. aureus bacteraemia isolates, and combined with comparative, statistical, and functional genomics, our platform identified mutations in S. aureus clinical isolates that reduced bacterial cytotoxicity and promoted intracellular persistence. In addition to numerous convergent mutations in the Agr quorum sensing system, our approach detected mutations in other loci that also impacted cytotoxicity and intracellular persistence. We discovered that clinical mutations in ausA, encoding the aureusimine non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, reduced S. aureus cytotoxicity, and increased intracellular persistence. InToxSa is a versatile, high-throughput cell-based phenomics platform and we showcase its utility by identifying clinically relevant S. aureus pathoadaptive mutations that promote intracellular residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Calum J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marion Herisse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye Mon Soe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shane Doris Cheung
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ellie Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sacha Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Cox D. Sepsis - it is all about the platelets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210219. [PMID: 37350961 PMCID: PMC10282552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is accompanied by thrombocytopenia and the severity of the thrombocytopenia is associated with mortality. This thrombocytopenia is characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Many of the pathogens, both bacterial and viral, that cause sepsis also directly activate platelets, which suggests that pathogen-induced platelet activation leads to systemic thrombosis and drives the multi-organ failure of DIC. In this paper we review the mechanisms of platelet activation by pathogens and the evidence for a role for anti-platelet agents in the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Braï MA, Hannachi N, El Gueddari N, Baudoin JP, Dahmani A, Lepidi H, Habib G, Camoin-Jau L. The Role of Platelets in Infective Endocarditis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087540. [PMID: 37108707 PMCID: PMC10143005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) has increased, with a change in the frequency of causative bacteria. Early evidence has substantially demonstrated the crucial role of bacterial interaction with human platelets, with no clear mechanistic characterization in the pathogenesis of IE. The pathogenesis of endocarditis is so complex and atypical that it is still unclear how and why certain bacterial species will induce the formation of vegetation. In this review, we will analyze the key role of platelets in the physiopathology of endocarditis and in the formation of vegetation, depending on the bacterial species. We provide a comprehensive outline of the involvement of platelets in the host immune response, investigate the latest developments in platelet therapy, and discuss prospective research avenues for solving the mechanistic enigma of bacteria-platelet interaction for preventive and curative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abdeljalil Braï
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Nadji Hannachi
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Pharmacotechnie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif I, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Nabila El Gueddari
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Abderrhamane Dahmani
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
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13
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Sonika S, Singh S, Mishra S, Verma S. Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14220. [PMID: 37101643 PMCID: PMC10123168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant in prokaryotes and play an important role in various biological processes such as plasmid maintenance, phage inhibition, stress response, biofilm formation, and dormant persister cell generation. TA loci are abundant in pathogenic intracellular micro-organisms and help in their adaptation to the harsh host environment such as nutrient deprivation, oxidation, immune response, and antimicrobials. Several studies have reported the involvement of TA loci in establishing successful infection, intracellular survival, better colonization, adaptation to host stresses, and chronic infection. Overall, the TA loci play a crucial role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Nonetheless, there are some controversies about the role of TA system in stress response, biofilm and persister formation. In this review, we describe the role of the TA systems in bacterial virulence. We discuss the important features of each type of TA system and the recent discoveries identifying key contributions of TA loci in bacterial pathogenesis.
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14
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Poluektova EU, Mavletova DA, Odorskaya MV, Marsova MV, Klimina KM, Koshenko TA, Yunes RA, Danilenko VN. Comparative Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analysis of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum U-21 Strain Promising for the Creation of a Pharmabiotic. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Fountain K, Barbon A, Gibbon MJ, Lloyd DH, Loeffler A, Feil EJ. Staphylococcus aureus lineages associated with a free-ranging population of the fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii retained over 25 years in captivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13457. [PMID: 35931727 PMCID: PMC9355961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of endangered species has become increasingly complex, and costly interventions to protect wildlife require a robust scientific evidence base. This includes consideration of the role of the microbiome in preserving animal health. Captivity introduces stressors not encountered in the wild including environmental factors and exposure to exotic species, humans and antimicrobial drugs. These stressors may perturb the microbiomes of wild animals, with negative consequences for their health and welfare and hence the success of the conservation project, and ultimately the risk of release of non-native organisms into native ecosystems. We compared the genomes of Staphylococcus aureus colonising critically endangered Livingstone’s fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii) which have been in a captive breeding programme for 25 years, with those from bats in the endemic founder population free ranging in the Comoros Republic. Using whole genome sequencing, we compared 47 isolates from captive bats with 37 isolates from those free ranging in the Comoros Republic. Our findings demonstrate unexpected resilience in the bacteria carried, with the captive bats largely retaining the same two distinctive lineages carried at the time of capture. In addition, we found evidence of genomic changes which suggest specific adaptations to the bat host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Fountain
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alberto Barbon
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Upton by Chester, Chester, Cheshire, CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Marjorie J Gibbon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David H Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Edward J Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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16
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Berry KA, Verhoef MTA, Leonard AC, Cox G. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:75-96. [PMID: 35705378 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes. Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host-pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever-increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion-associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Berry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie T A Verhoef
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison C Leonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Aceil J, Avci FY. Pneumococcal Surface Proteins as Virulence Factors, Immunogens, and Conserved Vaccine Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:832254. [PMID: 35646747 PMCID: PMC9133333 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.832254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes over 1 million deaths annually despite the availability of several multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Due to the limitations surrounding PCVs along with an evolutionary rise in antibiotic-resistant and unencapsulated strains, conserved immunogenic proteins as vaccine targets continue to be an important field of study for pneumococcal disease prevention. In this review, we provide an overview of multiple classes of conserved surface proteins that have been studied for their contribution to pneumococcal virulence. Furthermore, we discuss the immune responses observed in response to these proteins and their promise as vaccine targets.
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18
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Biomimetic platelet membrane-coated Nanoparticles for targeted therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Chugh V, Vijaya Krishna K, Pandit A. Cell Membrane-Coated Mimics: A Methodological Approach for Fabrication, Characterization for Therapeutic Applications, and Challenges for Clinical Translation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17080-17123. [PMID: 34699181 PMCID: PMC8613911 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane-coated (CMC) mimics are micro/nanosystems that combine an isolated cell membrane and a template of choice to mimic the functions of a cell. The design exploits its physicochemical and biological properties for therapeutic applications. The mimics demonstrate excellent biological compatibility, enhanced biointerfacing capabilities, physical, chemical, and biological tunability, ability to retain cellular properties, immune escape, prolonged circulation time, and protect the encapsulated drug from degradation and active targeting. These properties and the ease of adapting them for personalized clinical medicine have generated a significant research interest over the past decade. This review presents a detailed overview of the recent advances in the development of cell membrane-coated (CMC) mimics. The primary focus is to collate and discuss components, fabrication methodologies, and the significance of physiochemical and biological characterization techniques for validating a CMC mimic. We present a critical analysis of the two main components of CMC mimics: the template and the cell membrane and mapped their use in therapeutic scenarios. In addition, we have emphasized on the challenges associated with CMC mimics in their clinical translation. Overall, this review is an up to date toolbox that researchers can benefit from while designing and characterizing CMC mimics.
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20
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Neil JR, Verma A, Kronewitter SR, McGee WM, Mullen C, Viirtola M, Kotovuori A, Friedrich H, Finell J, Rannisto J, Syka JEP, Stephenson JL. Rapid MRSA detection via tandem mass spectrometry of the intact 80 kDa PBP2a resistance protein. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18309. [PMID: 34526615 PMCID: PMC8443585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections is dependent on the detection of specific bacterial genes or proteins in clinical assays. Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is often accomplished through the detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a). With greater dependence on mass spectrometry (MS)-based bacterial identification, complementary efforts to detect resistance have been hindered by the complexity of those proteins responsible. Initial characterization of PBP2a indicates the presence of glycan modifications. To simplify detection, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept tandem MS approach involving the generation of N-terminal PBP2a peptide-like fragments and detection of unique product ions during top-down proteomic sample analyses. This approach was implemented for two PBP2a variants, PBP2amecA and PBP2amecC, and was accurate across a representative panel of MRSA strains with different genetic backgrounds. Additionally, PBP2amecA was successfully detected from clinical isolates using a five-minute liquid chromatographic separation and implementation of this MS detection strategy. Our results highlight the capability of direct MS-based resistance marker detection and potential advantages for implementing these approaches in clinical diagnostics.
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21
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Le Masters T, Johnson S, Jeraldo PR, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Cunningham SA, Abdel MP, Chia N, Patel R. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Periprosthetic Joint Infection under in Vivo and in Vitro Conditions. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:986-999. [PMID: 34098085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis can provide insight as to how Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the environmental niche of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a challenging clinical infection. Here, in vivo RNA expression of eight S. aureus PJIs was compared with expression of the corresponding isolates in planktonic culture using a total RNA-sequencing approach. Expression varied among isolates, with a common trend showing increased expression of several ica-independent biofilm formation genes, including sdr, fnb, ebpS, and aaa; genes encoding enzymes and toxins, including coa, nuc, hlb, and hlgA/B/C; and genes facilitating acquisition of iron via the iron-binding molecule siderophore B (snb) and heme consumption protein (isd) pathways in PJI. Several antimicrobial resistance determinants were detected; although their presence correlated with phenotypic susceptibility of the associated isolates, no difference in expression between in vivo and in vitro conditions was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Le Masters
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen Johnson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricio R Jeraldo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott A Cunningham
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew P Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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22
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Guo Z, Kubiatowicz LJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanotoxoids: Biomimetic Nanoparticle Vaccines against Infections. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Guo
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Luke J. Kubiatowicz
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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23
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Hendriks A, van Dalen R, Ali S, Gerlach D, van der Marel GA, Fuchsberger FF, Aerts PC, de Haas CJ, Peschel A, Rademacher C, van Strijp JA, Codée JD, van Sorge NM. Impact of Glycan Linkage to Staphylococcus aureus Wall Teichoic Acid on Langerin Recognition and Langerhans Cell Activation. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:624-635. [PMID: 33591717 PMCID: PMC8023653 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Staphylococcus
aureus is the leading cause of
skin and soft tissue infections. It remains incompletely understood
how skin-resident immune cells respond to invading S. aureus and contribute to an effective immune response. Langerhans cells
(LCs), the only professional antigen-presenting cell type in the epidermis,
sense S. aureus through their pattern-recognition
receptor langerin, triggering a proinflammatory response. Langerin
recognizes the β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine
(β1,4-GlcNAc) but not α-1,4-linked GlcNAc (α1,4-GlcNAc)
modifications, which are added by dedicated glycosyltransferases TarS
and TarM, respectively, on the cell wall glycopolymer wall teichoic
acid (WTA). Recently, an alternative WTA glycosyltransferase, TarP,
was identified, which also modifies WTA with β-GlcNAc but at
the C-3 position (β1,3-GlcNAc) of the WTA ribitol phosphate
(RboP) subunit. Here, we aimed to unravel the impact of β-GlcNAc
linkage position for langerin binding and LC activation. Using genetically
modified S. aureus strains, we observed that langerin
similarly recognized bacteria that produce either TarS- or TarP-modified
WTA, yet tarP-expressing S. aureus induced increased cytokine production and maturation of in vitro-generated LCs compared to tarS-expressing S. aureus. Chemically synthesized WTA
molecules, representative of the different S. aureus WTA glycosylation patterns, were used to identify langerin-WTA binding
requirements. We established that β-GlcNAc is sufficient to
confer langerin binding, thereby presenting synthetic WTA molecules
as a novel glycobiology tool for structure-binding studies and for
elucidating S. aureus molecular pathogenesis. Overall,
our data suggest that LCs are able to sense all β-GlcNAc-WTA
producing S. aureus strains, likely performing an
important role as first responders upon S. aureus skin invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hendriks
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Glaxo-Smith Kline, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Partner Site Tübingen, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Piet C. Aerts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J.C. de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Partner Site Tübingen, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jos A.G. van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D.C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Gaytán MO, Singh AK, Woodiga SA, Patel SA, An SS, Vera-Ponce de León A, McGrath S, Miller AR, Bush JM, van der Linden M, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Kitten T, King SJ. A novel sialic acid-binding adhesin present in multiple species contributes to the pathogenesis of Infective endocarditis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009222. [PMID: 33465168 PMCID: PMC7846122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial binding to platelets is a key step in the development of infective endocarditis (IE). Sialic acid, a common terminal carbohydrate on host glycans, is the major receptor for streptococci on platelets. So far, all defined interactions between streptococci and sialic acid on platelets are mediated by serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs). However, we identified Streptococcus oralis subsp. oralis IE-isolates that bind sialic acid but lack SRRPs. In addition to binding sialic acid, some SRRP- isolates also bind the cryptic receptor β-1,4-linked galactose through a yet unknown mechanism. Using comparative genomics, we identified a novel sialic acid-binding adhesin, here named AsaA (associated with sialic acid adhesion A), present in IE-isolates lacking SRRPs. We demonstrated that S. oralis subsp. oralis AsaA is required for binding to platelets in a sialic acid-dependent manner. AsaA comprises a non-repeat region (NRR), consisting of a FIVAR/CBM and two Siglec-like and Unique domains, followed by 31 DUF1542 domains. When recombinantly expressed, Siglec-like and Unique domains competitively inhibited binding of S. oralis subsp. oralis and directly interacted with sialic acid on platelets. We further demonstrated that AsaA impacts the pathogenesis of S. oralis subsp. oralis in a rabbit model of IE. Additionally, we found AsaA orthologues in other IE-causing species and demonstrated that the NRR of AsaA from Gemella haemolysans blocked binding of S. oralis subsp. oralis, suggesting that AsaA contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple IE-causing species. Finally, our findings provide evidence that sialic acid is a key factor for bacterial-platelets interactions in a broader range of species than previously appreciated, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Infective endocarditis (IE) is typically a bacterial infection of the heart valves that causes high mortality. Infective endocarditis can affect people with preexisting lesions on their heart valves (Subacute IE). These lesions contain platelets and other host factors to which bacteria can bind. Growth of bacteria and accumulation of host factors results in heart failure. Therefore, the ability of bacteria to bind platelets is key to the development of IE. Here, we identified a novel bacterial protein, AsaA, which helps bacteria bind to platelets and contributes to the development of disease. Although this virulence factor was characterized in Streptococcus oralis, a leading cause of IE, we demonstrated that AsaA is also present in several other IE-causing bacterial species and is likely relevant to their ability to cause disease. We showed that AsaA binds to sialic acid, a terminal sugar present on platelets, thereby demonstrating that sialic acid serves as a receptor for a wider range of IE-causing bacteria than previously appreciated, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meztlli O. Gaytán
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anirudh K. Singh
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shireen A. Woodiga
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Surina A. Patel
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Seon-Sook An
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Arturo Vera-Ponce de León
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sean McGrath
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn M. Bush
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark van der Linden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German National Reference Center for Streptococci, University Hospital (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent Magrini
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. King
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Angsantikul P, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Soto F, Teymourian H, Dehaini D, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wang J. Hybrid biomembrane-functionalized nanorobots for concurrent removal of pathogenic bacteria and toxins. Sci Robot 2021; 3:3/18/eaat0485. [PMID: 33141704 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aat0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of robotic research, it becomes increasingly interesting and important to develop biomimetic micro- or nanorobots that translate biological principles into robotic systems. We report the design, construction, and evaluation of a dual-cell membrane-functionalized nanorobot for multipurpose removal of biological threat agents, particularly concurrent targeting and neutralization of pathogenic bacteria and toxins. Specifically, we demonstrated ultrasound-propelled biomimetic nanorobots consisting of gold nanowires cloaked with a hybrid of red blood cell (RBC) membranes and platelet (PL) membranes. Such hybrid cell membranes have a variety of functional proteins associated with human RBCs and PLs, which give the nanorobots a number of attractive biological capabilities, including adhesion and binding to PL-adhering pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus bacteria) and neutralization of pore-forming toxins (e.g., α-toxin). In addition, the biomimetic nanorobots displayed rapid and efficient prolonged acoustic propulsion in whole blood, with no apparent biofouling, and mimicked the movement of natural motile cells. This propulsion enhanced the binding and detoxification efficiency of the robots against pathogens and toxins. Overall, coupling these diverse biological functions of hybrid cell membranes with the fuel-free propulsion of the nanorobots resulted in a dynamic robotic system for efficient isolation and simultaneous removal of different biological threats, an important step toward the creation of a broad-spectrum detoxification robotic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Fernando Soto
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diana Dehaini
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Chan JM, Gori A, Nobbs AH, Heyderman RS. Streptococcal Serine-Rich Repeat Proteins in Colonization and Disease. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593356. [PMID: 33193266 PMCID: PMC7661464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins, previously thought to be absent in prokaryotes, is increasingly recognized as important for both bacterial colonization and pathogenesis. For mucosal pathobionts, glycoproteins that function as cell wall-associated adhesins facilitate interactions with mucosal surfaces, permitting persistent adherence, invasion of deeper tissues and transition to disease. This is exemplified by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae, which can switch from being relatively harmless members of the mucosal tract microbiota to bona fide pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases. As part of their armamentarium of virulence factors, streptococci encode a family of large, glycosylated serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs) that facilitate binding to various tissue types and extracellular matrix proteins. This minireview focuses on the roles of S. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae SRRPs in persistent colonization and the transition to disease. The potential of utilizing SRRPs as vaccine targets will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mun Chan
- NIHR Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gori
- NIHR Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela H. Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Heyderman
- NIHR Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wang S, Duan Y, Zhang Q, Komarla A, Gong H, Gao W, Zhang L. Drug Targeting via Platelet Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles. SMALL STRUCTURES 2020; 1:2000018. [PMID: 33817693 PMCID: PMC8011559 DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Platelets possess distinct surface moieties responsible for modulating their adhesion to various disease-relevant substrates involving vascular damage, immune evasion, and pathogen interactions. Such broad biointerfacing capabilities of platelets have inspired the development of platelet-mimicking drug carriers that preferentially target drug payloads to disease sites for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Among these carriers, platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (denoted 'PNPs') made by cloaking synthetic substrates with the plasma membrane of platelets have emerged recently. Their 'top-down' design combines the functionalities of natural platelet membrane and the engineering flexibility of synthetic nanomaterials, which together create synergy for effective drug delivery and novel therapeutics. Herein, we review the recent progress of engineering PNPs with different structures for targeted drug delivery, focusing on three areas, including targeting injured blood vessels to treat vascular diseases, targeting cancer cells for cancer treatment and detection, and targeting drug-resistant bacteria to treat infectious diseases. Overall, current studies have established PNPs as versatile nanotherapeutics for drug targeting with strong potentials to improve the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yaou Duan
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qiangzhe Zhang
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anvita Komarla
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hua Gong
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Zhu Z, Yang M, Bai Y, Ge F, Wang S. Antioxidant-related catalase CTA1 regulates development, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and virulence in pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2792-2810. [PMID: 32250030 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the synthesis of a myriad of secondary metabolites, including aflatoxins. It raises significant concern as it is a potent environmental contaminant. In Aspergillus flavus., antioxidant enzymes link ROS stress response with coordinated gene regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis. In this study, we characterized the function of a core component of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CTA1) of A. flavus. Firstly, we verified the presence of cta1 corresponding protein (CTA1) by Western blot analysis and mass-spectrometry based analysis. Then, the functional study revealed that the growth, sporulation and sclerotia formation significantly increased, while aflatoxins production and virulence were decreased in the cta1 deletion mutant as compared with the WT and complementary strains. Furthermore, the absence of the cta1 gene resulted in a significant rise in the intracellular ROS level, which in turn added to the oxidative stress level of cells. A further quantitative proteomics investigation hinted that in vivo, CTA1 might maintain the ROS level to facilitate the aflatoxin synthesis. All in all, the pleiotropic phenotype of A. flavus CTA1 deletion mutant revealed that the antioxidant system plays a crucial role in fungal development, aflatoxins biosynthesis and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mingkun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Youhuang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Abstract
The surface of Staphylococcus aureus is decorated with over 20 proteins that are covalently anchored to peptidoglycan by the action of sortase A. These cell wall-anchored (CWA) proteins can be classified into several structural and functional groups. The largest is the MSCRAMM family, which is characterized by tandemly repeated IgG-like folded domains that bind peptide ligands by the dock lock latch mechanism or the collagen triple helix by the collagen hug. Several CWA proteins comprise modules that have different functions, and some individual domains can bind different ligands, sometimes by different mechanisms. For example, the N-terminus of the fibronectin binding proteins comprises an MSCRAMM domain which binds several ligands, while the C-terminus is composed of tandem fibronectin binding repeats. Surface proteins promote adhesion to host cells and tissue, including components of the extracellular matrix, contribute to biofilm formation by stimulating attachment to the host or indwelling medical devices followed by cell-cell accumulation via homophilic interactions between proteins on neighboring cells, help bacteria evade host innate immune responses, participate in iron acquisition from host hemoglobin, and trigger invasion of bacteria into cells that are not normally phagocytic. The study of genetically manipulated strains using animal infection models has shown that many CWA proteins contribute to pathogenesis. Fragments of CWA proteins have the potential to be used in multicomponent vaccines to prevent S. aureus infections.
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Abstract
In addition to SecA of the general Sec system, many Gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria, express SecA2, a second, transport-associated ATPase. SecA2s can be subdivided into two mechanistically distinct types: (i) SecA2s that are part of the accessory Sec (aSec) system, a specialized transporter mediating the export of a family of serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoproteins that function as adhesins, and (ii) SecA2s that are part of multisubstrate systems, in which SecA2 interacts with components of the general Sec system, specifically the SecYEG channel, to export multiple types of substrates. Found mainly in streptococci and staphylococci, the aSec system also contains SecY2 and novel accessory Sec proteins (Asps) that are required for optimal export. Asp2 also acetylates glucosamine residues on the SRR domains of the substrate during transport. Targeting of the SRR substrate to SecA2 and the aSec translocon is mediated by a specialized signal peptide. Multisubstrate SecA2 systems are present in mycobacteria, corynebacteria, listeriae, clostridia, and some bacillus species. Although most substrates for this SecA2 have canonical signal peptides that are required for export, targeting to SecA2 appears to depend on structural features of the mature protein. The feature of the mature domains of these proteins that renders them dependent on SecA2 for export may be their potential to fold in the cytoplasm. The discovery of aSec and multisubstrate SecA2 systems expands our appreciation of the diversity of bacterial export pathways. Here we present our current understanding of the mechanisms of each of these SecA2 systems.
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Horino T, Hori S. Metastatic infection during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:162-169. [PMID: 31676266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes various infections, including skin and soft tissue infections and pneumonia via both, community-associated and nosocomial infection. These infectious diseases can lead to bacteremia, and may subsequently result in metastatic infections in several cases. Metastatic infections are critical complications in patients with S. aureus bacteremia, since the optimal duration of the antimicrobial treatment differs in patients with and without metastatic infection. Notably, two weeks of antimicrobial treatment is recommended in case of uncomplicated S. aureus bacteremia, whereas in patients with S. aureus bacteremia-associated endocarditis or vertebral osteomyelitis, six weeks of antimicrobial administration is vital. In addition, misdiagnosis or insufficient treatment in metastatic infection is associated with poor prognosis, functional disability, and relapse. Although echocardiography is recommended to examine endocarditis in the patients with S. aureus bacteremia, it remains unclear which patients should undergo additional examinations, such as CT and MRI, to detect the presence of other metastatic infections. Clinical studies have revealed that permanent foreign body and persistent bacteremia are predictive factors for metastatic infections, and experimental studies have demonstrated that the virulence factors of S. aureus, such as fnbA and clfA, are associated with endocarditis; however, these factors are not proven to increase the risk of metastatic infections. In this review, we assessed the incidence, predictive factors, diagnosis, and treatment for metastatic infections during S. aureus bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Horino
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Seiji Hori
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
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Monoclonal antibody against l-lectin module of SraP blocks adhesion and protects mice against Staphylococcus aureus challenge. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 54:420-428. [PMID: 31706823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE SraP is a serine-rich repeat protein (SRRP) from Staphylococcus aureus that binds to sialylated receptors to promote bacterial adhesion to and invasion into host epithelial cells, mediated by the l-lectin module of its ligand-binding region. METHODS The sequence encoding the L-lectin module of SraP was inserted into pET28a plasmid, and the recombinant protein was purified by His label affinity chromatography. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the l-lectin module was obtained and confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. The effect of the mAb on S. aureus adhesion and invasion was assessed in A549 cells and mice subjected to S. aureus challenge. RESULTS We successfully obtained a mAb against the l-lectin module of SraP. Pre-incubation with the mAb dramatically inhibited the bacteria's ability to adhere to and invade A549 cells. Moreover, mice administered mAb through tail vein injection had significantly fewer bacteria in the blood. CONCLUSION The anti-SraPL-Lectin mAb significantly reduced the adherence and invasion of S. aureus to host cells. This study lays the foundation for the future development of the l-lectin module of SraP as a target for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infection. Our findings suggest that specific subdomains of SRRPs may represent potential antibacterial drug targets for intervention.
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Efthimiou G, Tsiamis G, Typas MA, Pappas KM. Transcriptomic Adjustments of Staphylococcus aureus COL (MRSA) Forming Biofilms Under Acidic and Alkaline Conditions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2393. [PMID: 31681245 PMCID: PMC6813237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are important human pathogens and a significant health hazard for hospitals and the food industry. They are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics including methicillin and extremely difficult to treat. In this study, we show that the Staphylococcus aureus COL (MRSA) strain, with a known complete genome, can easily survive and grow under acidic and alkaline conditions (pH5 and pH9, respectively), both planktonically and as a biofilm. A microarray-based analysis of both planktonic and biofilm cells was performed under acidic and alkaline conditions showing that several genes are up- or down-regulated under different environmental conditions and growth modes. These genes were coding for transcription regulators, ion transporters, cell wall biosynthetic enzymes, autolytic enzymes, adhesion proteins and antibiotic resistance factors, most of which are associated with biofilm formation. These results will facilitate a better understanding of the physiological adjustments occurring in biofilm-associated S. aureus COL cells growing in acidic or alkaline environments, which will enable the development of new efficient treatment or disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Efthimiou
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Milton A Typas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katherine M Pappas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Yadav VK, Singh PK, Agarwal V, Singh SK. Crosstalk between Platelet and Bacteria: A Therapeutic Prospect. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4041-4052. [PMID: 31553286 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190925163347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are typically recognized for their roles in the maintenance of hemostasis and vascular wall repair to reduce blood loss. Beyond hemostasis, platelets also play a critical role in pathophysiological conditions like atherosclerosis, stroke, thrombosis, and infections. During infection, platelets interact directly and indirectly with bacteria through a wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms. Platelet surface receptors such as GPIbα, FcγRIIA, GPIIbIIIa, and TLRs, etc. facilitate direct interaction with bacterial cells. Besides, the indirect interaction between platelet and bacteria involves host plasma proteins such as von Willebrand Factor (vWF), fibronectin, IgG, and fibrinogen. Bacterial cells induce platelet activation, aggregation, and thrombus formation in the microvasculature. The activated platelets induce the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) formation, which further contribute to thrombosis. Thus, platelets are extensively anticipated as vital immune modulator cells during infection, which may further lead to cardiovascular complications. In this review, we cover the interaction mechanisms between platelets and bacteria that may lead to the development of thrombotic disorders. Platelet receptors and other host molecules involved in such interactions can be used to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat against infection-induced cardiovascular complications. In addition, we highlight other receptor and enzyme targets that may further reduce infection-induced platelet activation and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Biotechnology Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani Produces Monolateral Serine-Rich Repeat Protein Fibrils, One of Which Contributes to Saliva Binding via Sialic Acid. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00406-19. [PMID: 31308084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00406-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies reveal that the oral colonizer and cause of infective endocarditis Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani displays a striking monolateral distribution of surface fibrils. Furthermore, our data suggest that these fibrils impact the structure of adherent bacterial chains. Mutagenesis studies indicate that these fibrils are dependent on three serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs), here named fibril-associated protein A (FapA), FapB, and FapC, and that each SRRP forms a different fibril with a distinct distribution. SRRPs are a family of bacterial adhesins that have diverse roles in adhesion and that can bind to different receptors through modular nonrepeat region domains. Amino acid sequence and predicted structural similarity searches using the nonrepeat regions suggested that FapA may contribute to interspecies interactions, that FapA and FapB may contribute to intraspecies interactions, and that FapC may contribute to sialic acid binding. We demonstrate that a fapC mutant was significantly reduced in binding to saliva. We confirmed a role for FapC in sialic acid binding by demonstrating that the parental strain was significantly reduced in adhesion upon addition of a recombinantly expressed, sialic acid-specific, carbohydrate binding module, while the fapC mutant was not reduced. However, mutation of a residue previously shown to be essential for sialic acid binding did not decrease bacterial adhesion, leaving the precise mechanism of FapC-mediated adhesion to sialic acid to be defined. We also demonstrate that the presence of any one of the SRRPs is sufficient for efficient biofilm formation. Similar structures were observed on all infective endocarditis isolates examined, suggesting that this distribution is a conserved feature of this S. oralis subspecies.
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Hüttener M, Prieto A, Aznar S, Bernabeu M, Glaría E, Valledor AF, Paytubi S, Merino S, Tomás J, Juárez A. Expression of a novel class of bacterial Ig-like proteins is required for IncHI plasmid conjugation. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008399. [PMID: 31527905 PMCID: PMC6764697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most important challenges to the treatment of bacterial infections. A critical issue to combat AMR is to restrict its spread. In several instances, bacterial plasmids are involved in the global spread of AMR. Plasmids belonging to the incompatibility group (Inc)HI are widespread in Enterobacteriaceae and most of them express multiple antibiotic resistance determinants. They play a relevant role in the recent spread of colistin resistance. We present in this report novel findings regarding IncHI plasmid conjugation. Conjugative transfer in liquid medium of an IncHI plasmid requires expression of a plasmid-encoded, large-molecular-mass protein that contains an Ig-like domain. The protein, termed RSP, is encoded by a gene (ORF R0009) that maps in the Tra2 region of the IncHI1 R27 plasmid. The RSP protein is exported outside the cell by using the plasmid-encoded type IV secretion system that is also used for its transmission to new cells. Expression of the protein reduces cell motility and enables plasmid conjugation. Flagella are one of the cellular targets of the RSP protein. The RSP protein is required for a high rate of plasmid transfer in both flagellated and nonflagellated Salmonella cells. This effect suggests that RSP interacts with other cellular structures as well as with flagella. These unidentified interactions must facilitate mating pair formation and, hence, facilitate IncHI plasmid conjugation. Due to its location on the outer surfaces of the bacterial cell, targeting the RSP protein could be a means of controlling IncHI plasmid conjugation in natural environments or of combatting infections caused by AMR enterobacteria that harbor IncHI plasmids. Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among different bacterial populations occurs due to mainly the presence of plasmids that encode AMR determinants. IncHI plasmids are one of the groups of bacterial plasmids that confer AMR to several enterobacteria. Recently, resistance to one of the last-resort antibiotics (colistin) for some multidrug-resistant infections has spread very rapidly. IncHI plasmids represent 20% of all plasmids transmitting colistin resistance worldwide and 40% in Europe. When analyzing the interactions of the IncHI1 plasmid R27 with Salmonella, we identified a large-molecular-mass protein that is encoded by this plasmid and is exported to the external medium. The R27 plasmid gene coding for that protein (R0009) is widespread among IncHI plasmids. In this report, we characterize the protein, termed RSP. The presented data show that RSP plays a relevant role in IncHI plasmid conjugation and suggest that the protein is retained on the outer surface of the bacterial cells and facilitates cell-to-cell contact before plasmid DNA transfer. Considering that IncHI plasmids significantly contribute to AMR dissemination within enterobacteria, the findings reported in this paper suggest that the identified protein can be a target to control both IncHI-mediated AMR dissemination and infections caused by AMR enterobacteria that harbor these plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Hüttener
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Aznar
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernabeu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Glaría
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel F. Valledor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Merino
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Tomás
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Juárez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pain M, Hjerde E, Klingenberg C, Cavanagh JP. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus Reveals Key to Hospital Adaptation and Pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2096. [PMID: 31552006 PMCID: PMC6747052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a skin commensal gaining increased attention as an emerging pathogen of nosocomial infections. However, knowledge about the transition from a commensal to an invasive lifestyle remains sparse and there is a paucity of studies comparing pathogenicity traits between commensal and clinical isolates. In this study, we used a pan-genomic approach to identify factors important for infection and hospital adaptation by exploring the genomic variability of 123 clinical isolates and 46 commensal S. haemolyticus isolates. Phylogenetic reconstruction grouped the 169 isolates into six clades with a distinct distribution of clinical and commensal isolates in the different clades. Phenotypically, multi-drug antibiotic resistance was detected in 108/123 (88%) of the clinical isolates and 5/46 (11%) of the commensal isolates (p < 0.05). In the clinical isolates, we commonly identified a homolog of the serine-rich repeat glycoproteins sraP. Additionally, three novel capsular polysaccharide operons were detected, with a potential role in S. haemolyticus virulence. Clinical S. haemolyticus isolates showed specific signatures associated with successful hospital adaption. Biofilm forming S. haemolyticus isolates that are resistant to oxacillin (mecA) and aminoglycosides (aacA-aphD) are most likely invasive isolates whereas absence of these traits strongly indicates a commensal isolate. We conclude that our data show a clear segregation of isolates of commensal origin, and specific genetic signatures distinguishing the clinical isolates from the commensal isolates. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents has probably promoted the development of successful hospital adapted clones of S. haemolyticus clones through acquisition of mobile genetic elements or beneficial point mutations and rearrangements in surface associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pain
- Pediatric Infections Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Hjerde
- Department of Chemistry, Norstruct, UiT The Arcic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Pediatric Infections Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Pediatric Infections Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Vardon-Bounes F, Ruiz S, Gratacap MP, Garcia C, Payrastre B, Minville V. Platelets Are Critical Key Players in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143494. [PMID: 31315248 PMCID: PMC6679237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense against infection is based on two crucial mechanisms: the inflammatory response and the activation of coagulation. Platelets are involved in both hemostasis and immune response. These mechanisms work together in a complex and synchronous manner making the contribution of platelets of major importance in sepsis. This is a summary of the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia, microvascular consequences, platelet-endothelial cells and platelet–pathogens interactions. The critical role of platelets during sepsis and the therapeutic implications are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Vardon-Bounes
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France.
- INSERM I2MC (Institut des Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques) UMR 1048, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphanie Ruiz
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gratacap
- INSERM I2MC (Institut des Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques) UMR 1048, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Garcia
- Hematology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM I2MC (Institut des Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques) UMR 1048, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Minville
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INSERM I2MC (Institut des Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques) UMR 1048, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Bensing BA, Li L, Yakovenko O, Wong M, Barnard KN, Iverson TM, Lebrilla CB, Parrish CR, Thomas WE, Xiong Y, Sullam PM. Recognition of specific sialoglycan structures by oral streptococci impacts the severity of endocardial infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007896. [PMID: 31233555 PMCID: PMC6611644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis are primary colonizers of the tooth surface. Although generally non-pathogenic in the oral environment, they are a frequent cause of infective endocarditis. Both streptococcal species express a serine-rich repeat surface adhesin that mediates attachment to sialylated glycans on mucin-like glycoproteins, but the specific sialoglycan structures recognized can vary from strain to strain. Previous studies have shown that sialoglycan binding is clearly important for aortic valve infections caused by some S. gordonii, but this process did not contribute to the virulence of a strain of S. sanguinis. However, these streptococci can bind to different subsets of sialoglycan structures. Here we generated isogenic strains of S. gordonii that differ only in the type and range of sialoglycan structures to which they adhere and examined whether this rendered them more or less virulent in a rat model of endocarditis. The findings indicate that the recognition of specific sialoglycans can either enhance or diminish pathogenicity. Binding to sialyllactosamine reduces the initial colonization of mechanically-damaged aortic valves, whereas binding to the closely-related trisaccharide sialyl T-antigen promotes higher bacterial densities in valve tissue 72 hours later. A surprising finding was that the initial attachment of streptococci to aortic valves was inversely proportional to the affinity of each strain for platelets, suggesting that binding to platelets circulating in the blood may divert bacteria away from the endocardial surface. Importantly, we found that human and rat platelet GPIbα (the major receptor for S. gordonii and S. sanguinis on platelets) display similar O-glycan structures, comprised mainly of a di-sialylated core 2 hexasaccharide, although the rat GPIbα has a more heterogenous composition of modified sialic acids. The combined results suggest that streptococcal interaction with a minor O-glycan on GPIbα may be more important than the over-all affinity for GPIbα for pathogenic effects. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of heart valves, and streptococci that normally reside in the mouth are a leading cause of this disease. Some oral streptococcal species express a protein on their surface that enables attachment to glycan (sugar) modifications on saliva proteins, an interaction that may be important for colonization of the tooth and other oral surfaces. These "Siglec-like adhesins" are hypervariable in the type and number of glycan structures they bind, ranging from just one to more than six of the structures displayed on the saliva proteins. If streptococci enter into the bloodstream, the Siglec-like adhesin can mediate attachment to similar glycans that decorate platelet or plasma proteins, which can impact the overall virulence of the organism. This study highlights how recognition of a specific type of glycan structure can cause a generally beneficial or neutral microbe to create damage to specific tissues—in this case the heart valves, illustrating one means by which commensal bacteria can become opportunistic or accidental pathogens. The findings further indicate that certain glycan-binding streptococci among the oral microbiota may be predisposed to produce infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Liang Li
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Olga Yakovenko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen N. Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - T. M. Iverson
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy E. Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yan Xiong
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Sullam
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Kwiecinski JM, Crosby HA, Valotteau C, Hippensteel JA, Nayak MK, Chauhan AK, Schmidt EP, Dufrêne YF, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion in endovascular infections is controlled by the ArlRS-MgrA signaling cascade. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007800. [PMID: 31116795 PMCID: PMC6548404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of endovascular infections. This bacterial pathogen uses a diverse array of surface adhesins to clump in blood and adhere to vessel walls, leading to endothelial damage, development of intravascular vegetations and secondary infectious foci, and overall disease progression. In this work, we describe a novel strategy used by S. aureus to control adhesion and clumping through activity of the ArlRS two-component regulatory system, and its downstream effector MgrA. Utilizing a combination of in vitro cellular assays, and single-cell atomic force microscopy, we demonstrated that inactivation of this ArlRS—MgrA cascade inhibits S. aureus adhesion to a vast array of relevant host molecules (fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, collagen), its clumping with fibrinogen, and its attachment to human endothelial cells and vascular structures. This impact on S. aureus adhesion was apparent in low shear environments, and in physiological levels of shear stress, as well as in vivo in mouse models. These effects were likely mediated by the de-repression of giant surface proteins Ebh, SraP, and SasG, caused by inactivation of the ArlRS—MgrA cascade. In our in vitro assays, these giant proteins collectively shielded the function of other surface adhesins and impaired their binding to cognate ligands. Finally, we demonstrated that the ArlRS—MgrA regulatory cascade is a druggable target through the identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of ArlRS signaling. Our findings suggest a novel approach for the pharmacological treatment and prevention of S. aureus endovascular infections through targeting the ArlRS—MgrA regulatory system. Adhesion is central to the success of Staphylococcus aureus as a bacterial pathogen. We describe a novel mechanism through which S. aureus alters adhesion to ligands by regulating expression of giant inhibitory surface proteins. These giant proteins shield normal surface adhesins, preventing binding to ligands commonly found in the bloodstream and vessel walls. Using this unique regulatory scheme, S. aureus can bypass the need for individualized regulation of numerous adhesins to control overall adhesive properties. Our study establishes the importance of these giant proteins for S. aureus pathogenesis and demonstrates that a single regulatory cascade can be targeted for treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub M. Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Heidi A. Crosby
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Claire Valotteau
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joseph A. Hippensteel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Manasa K. Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anil K. Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Latousakis D, MacKenzie DA, Telatin A, Juge N. Serine-rich repeat proteins from gut microbes. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:102-117. [PMID: 31035824 PMCID: PMC6973325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1602428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs) have emerged as an important group of cell surface adhesins found in a growing number of Gram-positive bacteria. Studies focused on SRRPs from streptococci and staphylococci demonstrated that these proteins are O-glycosylated on serine or threonine residues and exported via an accessory secretion (aSec) system. In pathogens, these adhesins contribute to disease pathogenesis and represent therapeutic targets. Recently, the non-canonical aSec system has been identified in the genomes of gut microbes and characterization of their associated SRRPs is beginning to unfold, showing their role in mediating attachment and biofilm formation. Here we provide an update of the occurrence, structure, and function of SRRPs across bacteria, with emphasis on the molecular and biochemical properties of SRRPs from gut symbionts, particularly Lactobacilli. These emerging studies underscore the range of ligands recognized by these adhesins and the importance of SRRP glycosylation in the interaction of gut microbes with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Latousakis
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Donald A. MacKenzie
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrea Telatin
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Sortases, Surface Proteins, and Their Roles in Staphylococcus aureus Disease and Vaccine Development. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7. [PMID: 30737913 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.psib-0004-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortases cleave short peptide motif sequences at the C-terminal end of secreted surface protein precursors and either attach these polypeptides to the peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacteria or promote their assembly into pilus structures that are also attached to peptidoglycan. Sortase A, the enzyme first identified in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, binds LPXTG motif sorting signals, cleaves between threonine (T) and glycine (G) residues, and forms an acyl enzyme between its active-site cysteine thiol and the carboxyl group of threonine (T). Sortase A acyl enzyme is relieved by the nucleophilic attack of the cross bridge amino group within lipid II, thereby generating surface protein linked to peptidoglycan precursor. Such products are subsequently incorporated into the cell wall envelope by enzymes of the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. Surface proteins linked to peptidoglycan may be released from the bacterial envelope to diffuse into host tissues and fulfill specific biological functions. S. aureus sortase A is essential for host colonization and for the pathogenesis of invasive diseases. Staphylococcal sortase-anchored surface proteins fulfill key functions during the infectious process, and vaccine-induced antibodies targeting surface proteins may provide protection against S. aureus. Alternatively, small-molecule inhibitors of sortase may be useful agents for the prevention of S. aureus colonization and invasive disease.
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The Role of Platelets in Antimicrobial Host Defense. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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45
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Watanabe S, Aiba Y, Tan XE, Li FY, Boonsiri T, Thitiananpakorn K, Cui B, Sato'o Y, Kiga K, Sasahara T, Cui L. Complete genome sequencing of three human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus caprae reveals virulence factors similar to those of S. epidermidis and S. capitis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:810. [PMID: 30409159 PMCID: PMC6225691 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus caprae is an animal-associated bacterium regarded as part of goats’ microflora. Recently, S. caprae has been reported to cause human nosocomial infections such as bacteremia and bone and joint infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of nosocomial infections remain largely unknown. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of S. caprae has not been determined. Results We determined the complete genome sequences of three methicillin-resistant S. caprae strains isolated from humans and compared these sequences with the genomes of S. epidermidis and S. capitis, both of which are closely related to S. caprae and are inhabitants of human skin capable of causing opportunistic infections. The genomes showed that S. caprae JMUB145, JMUB590, and JMUB898 strains contained circular chromosomes of 2,618,380, 2,629,173, and 2,598,513 bp, respectively. JMUB145 carried type V SCCmec, while JMUB590 and JMUB898 had type IVa SCCmec. A genome-wide phylogenetic SNP tree constructed using 83 complete genome sequences of 24 Staphylococcus species and 2 S. caprae draft genome sequences confirmed that S. caprae is most closely related to S. epidermidis and S. capitis. Comparative complete genome analysis of eight S. epidermidis, three S. capitis and three S. caprae strains revealed that they shared similar virulence factors represented by biofilm formation genes. These factors include wall teichoic acid synthesis genes, poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid capsule synthesis genes, and other genes encoding nonproteinaceous adhesins. The 17 proteinases/adhesins and extracellular proteins known to be associated with biofilm formation in S. epidermidis were also conserved in these three species, and their biofilm formation could be detected in vitro. Moreover, two virulence-associated gene clusters, the type VII secretion system and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters, identified in S. aureus were present in S. caprae but not in S. epidermidis and S. capitis genomes. Conclusion The complete genome sequences of three methicillin-resistant S. caprae isolates from humans were determined for the first time. Comparative genome analysis revealed that S. caprae is closely related to S. epidermidis and S. capitis at the species level, especially in the ability to form biofilms, which may lead to increased virulence during the development of S. caprae infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5185-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Aiba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Feng-Yu Li
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tanit Boonsiri
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kanate Thitiananpakorn
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Bintao Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato'o
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Teppei Sasahara
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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Jiang Y, Chekuri S, Fang RH, Zhang L. Engineering biological interactions on the nanoscale. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 58:1-8. [PMID: 30390535 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate platforms have contributed significantly to the field of biomedical research, demonstrating advantages over traditional modalities in areas such as drug delivery, detoxification, and vaccination. When it comes to the design of nanoparticles, biomimetic strategies have become increasingly popular as a means of promoting effective interactions with biological systems. A recently developed cell membrane-coated nanoparticle platform can leverage the natural interactions that cells engage in with other cells, the extracellular matrix, and biomolecules in order to reduce undesirable nonspecific interactions, while increasing target-specific interactions. Here, we discuss the current state of these biomimetic nanoparticles and highlight how they can be used for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sanam Chekuri
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Cross BW, Ruhl S. Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:19-33. [PMID: 30274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Cross
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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48
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Bensing BA, Li Q, Park D, Lebrilla CB, Sullam PM. Streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins recognize different subsets of human plasma glycoproteins: implications for infective endocarditis. Glycobiology 2018; 28:601-611. [PMID: 29796594 PMCID: PMC6054165 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis are typically found among the normal oral microbiota but can also cause infective endocarditis. These organisms express cell surface serine-rich repeat adhesins containing "Siglec-like" binding regions (SLBRs) that mediate attachment to α2-3-linked sialic acids on human glycoproteins. Two known receptors for the Siglec-like adhesins are the salivary mucin MG2/MUC7 and platelet GPIbα, and the interaction of streptococci with these targets may contribute to oral colonization and endocarditis, respectively. The SLBRs display a surprising diversity of preferences for defined glycans, ranging from highly selective to broader specificity. In this report, we characterize the glycoproteins in human plasma recognized by four SLBRs that prefer different α2-3 sialoglycan structures. We found that the SLBRs recognize a surprisingly small subset of plasma proteins that are extensively O-glycosylated. The preferred plasma protein ligands for a sialyl-T antigen-selective SLBR are proteoglycan 4 (lubricin) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4. Conversely, the preferred ligand for a 3'sialyllactosamine-selective SLBR is glycocalicin (the extracellular portion of platelet GPIbα). All four SLBRs recognize C1 inhibitor but detect distinctly different glycoforms of this key regulator of the complement and kallikrein protease cascades. The four plasma ligands have potential roles in thrombosis and inflammation, and each has been cited as a biomarker for one or more vascular or other diseases. The combined results suggest that the interaction of Siglec-like adhesins with different subsets of plasma glycoproteins could have a significant impact on the propensity of streptococci to establish endocardial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul M Sullam
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ohlsson P, Petersson K, Augustsson P, Laurell T. Acoustic impedance matched buffers enable separation of bacteria from blood cells at high cell concentrations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9156. [PMID: 29904138 PMCID: PMC6002537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a common and often deadly systemic response to an infection, usually caused by bacteria. The gold standard for finding the causing pathogen in a blood sample is blood culture, which may take hours to days. Shortening the time to diagnosis would significantly reduce mortality. To replace the time-consuming blood culture we are developing a method to directly separate bacteria from red and white blood cells to enable faster bacteria identification. The blood cells are moved from the sample flow into a parallel stream using acoustophoresis. Due to their smaller size, the bacteria are not affected by the acoustic field and therefore remain in the blood plasma flow and can be directed to a separate outlet. When optimizing for sample throughput, 1 ml of undiluted whole blood equivalent can be processed within 12.5 min, while maintaining the bacteria recovery at 90% and the blood cell removal above 99%. That makes this the fastest label-free microfluidic continuous flow method per channel to separate bacteria from blood with high bacteria recovery (>80%). The high throughput was achieved by matching the acoustic impedance of the parallel stream to that of the blood sample, to avoid that acoustic forces relocate the fluid streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelle Ohlsson
- Departament of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Klara Petersson
- Departament of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Departament of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Departament of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Ying M, Zhuang J, Wei X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Dehaini D, Chen M, Gu S, Gao W, Lu W, Fang RH, Zhang L. Remote-Loaded Platelet Vesicles for Disease-Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1801032. [PMID: 30319322 PMCID: PMC6181445 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201801032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of biomimetic nanotechnology has facilitated the development of next-generation nanodelivery systems capable of enhanced biointerfacing. In particular, the direct use of natural cell membranes can enable multivalent targeting functionalities. Herein, we report on the remote loading of small molecule therapeutics into cholesterol-enriched platelet membrane-derived vesicles for disease-targeted delivery. Using this approach, high loading yields for two model drugs, doxorubicin and vancomycin, are achieved. Leveraging the surface markers found on platelet membranes, the resultant nanoformulations demonstrate natural affinity towards both breast cancer cells and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo, this translates to improved disease targeting, increasing the potency of the encapsulated drug payloads compared with free drugs and the corresponding non-targeted nanoformulations. Overall, this work demonstrates that the remote loading of drugs into functional platelet membrane-derived vesicles is a facile means of fabricating targeted nanoformulations, an approach that can be easily generalized to other cell types in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ying
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jia Zhuang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diana Dehaini
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mengchun Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Silun Gu
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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