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Childers L, Park E, Wang S, Liu R, Barry R, Watts SA, Rawls JF, Bagnat M. Protein absorption in the zebrafish gut is regulated by interactions between lysosome rich enterocytes and the microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597998. [PMID: 38895310 PMCID: PMC11185774 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Dietary protein absorption in neonatal mammals and fishes relies on the function of a specialized and conserved population of highly absorptive lysosome rich enterocytes (LREs). The gut microbiome has been shown to enhance absorption of nutrients, such as lipids, by intestinal epithelial cells. However, whether protein absorption is also affected by the gut microbiome is poorly understood. Here, we investigate connections between protein absorption and microbes in the zebrafish gut. Using live microscopy-based quantitative assays, we find that microbes slow the pace of protein uptake and degradation in LREs. While microbes do not affect the number of absorbing LRE cells, microbes lower the expression of endocytic and protein digestion machinery in LREs. Using transgene assisted cell isolation and single cell RNA-sequencing, we characterize all intestinal cells that take up dietary protein. We find that microbes affect expression of bacteria-sensing and metabolic pathways in LREs, and that some secretory cell types also take up protein and share components of protein uptake and digestion machinery with LREs. Using custom-formulated diets, we investigated the influence of diet and LRE activity on the gut microbiome. Impaired protein uptake activity in LREs, along with a protein-deficient diet, alters the microbial community and leads to increased abundance of bacterial genera that have the capacity to reduce protein uptake in LREs. Together, these results reveal that diet-dependent reciprocal interactions between LREs and the gut microbiome regulate protein absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Childers
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Esther Park
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, Chapel Hill, NC 27510, USA
| | - Siyao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, 35294, USA
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, 35294, USA
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Lead Contact
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2
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El Omar R, Abdellaoui N, Coulibaly ST, Fontenille L, Lanza F, Gachet C, Freund JN, Negroni M, Kissa K, Tavian M. Macrophage depletion overcomes human hematopoietic cell engraftment failure in zebrafish embryo. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:305. [PMID: 38693109 PMCID: PMC11063059 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish is widely adopted as a grafting model for studying human development and diseases. Current zebrafish xenotransplantations are performed using embryo recipients, as the adaptive immune system, responsible for host versus graft rejection, only reaches maturity at juvenile stage. However, transplanted primary human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC) rapidly disappear even in zebrafish embryos, suggesting that another barrier to transplantation exists before the onset of adaptive immunity. Here, using a labelled macrophage zebrafish line, we demonstrated that engraftment of human HSC induces a massive recruitment of macrophages which rapidly phagocyte transplanted cells. Macrophages depletion, by chemical or pharmacological treatments, significantly improved the uptake and survival of transplanted cells, demonstrating the crucial implication of these innate immune cells for the successful engraftment of human cells in zebrafish. Beyond identifying the reasons for human hematopoietic cell engraftment failure, this work images the fate of human cells in real time over several days in macrophage-depleted zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine El Omar
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54505, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | | | - Safiatou T Coulibaly
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, France
- ITI Innovec, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - François Lanza
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- ITI Innovec, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM, U1256 - NGERE, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Matteo Negroni
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, France
- ITI Innovec, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karima Kissa
- University of Montpellier, VBIC, INSERM U1047, Montpellier, France
- AZELEAD SAS, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuela Tavian
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France.
- ITI Innovec, Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Zou J, Anai S, Ota S, Ishitani S, Oginuma M, Ishitani T. Determining zebrafish dorsal organizer size by a negative feedback loop between canonical/non-canonical Wnts and Tlr4/NFκB. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7194. [PMID: 37938219 PMCID: PMC10632484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate embryos, the canonical Wnt ligand primes the formation of dorsal organizers that govern dorsal-ventral patterns by secreting BMP antagonists. In contrast, in Drosophila embryos, Toll-like receptor (Tlr)-mediated NFκB activation initiates dorsal-ventral patterning, wherein Wnt-mediated negative feedback regulation of Tlr/NFκB generates a BMP antagonist-secreting signalling centre to control the dorsal-ventral pattern. Although both Wnt and BMP antagonist are conserved among species, the involvement of Tlr/NFκB and feedback regulation in vertebrate organizer formation remains unclear. By imaging and genetic modification, we reveal that a negative feedback loop between canonical and non-canonical Wnts and Tlr4/NFκB determines the size of zebrafish organizer, and that Tlr/NFκB and Wnts switch initial cue and feedback mediator roles between Drosophila and zebrafish. Here, we show that canonical Wnt signalling stimulates the expression of the non-canonical Wnt5b ligand, activating the Tlr4 receptor to stimulate NFκB-mediated transcription of the Wnt antagonist frzb, restricting Wnt-dependent dorsal organizer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqi Zou
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Yuuai Medical Center, Tomigusuku, Okinawa, 901-0224, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ota
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shizuka Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oginuma
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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4
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Gong X, Li M, Zhang L, Huang S, Wang G. Identification and functional analysis of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in early development of Haliotis diversicolor. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109085. [PMID: 37722440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a universal adaptor protein and plays an important role in the signal transduction of Toll like receptors (TLR) family. In this study, the MyD88 gene from the Haliotis diversicolor (hdMyD88) was identified. The full-length cDNA of hdMyD88 has a 1927 base pairs (bp), with an open reading frame of 1314 bp encoding 437 amino acids including a death domain (DD) at the N-terminus and TIR domain at the C-terminus which are typical features of MyD88 family proteins. Three conserved boxes are also found in the hdMyD88, which are similar to MyD88 in vertebrates. The expression levels of hdMyD88 mRNA at different early embryonic developmental stages of abalone were measured by qPCR revealed that their constitutive expression at all developmental stages analyzed with the considerably highest values at 8 cell stage and the lowest level at the trochosphere stage. Additionally, the mRNA expression of hdMyD88 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after MyD88-dsRNA soak in the stage of trochosphere and veliger than EGFP-dsRNA group and blank control group. Whole embryo in situ hybridization showed that the positive signals of hdMyD88 were in visceral mass of trochophore larvae and veliger larvae. These results indicate hdMyD88 may could respond to pathogenic infection and may play an important role in early innate immunity in the process of abalone larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shiyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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5
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Madushani KP, Shanaka KASN, Jung S, Kim MJ, Lee J. Ablation of myd88 alters the immune gene expression and immune cell recruitment during VHSV infection in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109006. [PMID: 37598733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation primary response protein-88 (MYD88) is an essential adaptor molecule in pathogen-related pattern recognition signaling pathways. Toll-like and interleukin receptors recognize numerous signals and are funneled through MyD88 to express genes responsible for the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the present study, the relevance of MyD88 in viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was investigated by generating myd88-/- zebrafish. The model was challenged with VHSV, and viral propagation was quantified by evaluating clinical symptoms, mortality, and VHSV copy number. The infected fish showed abnormal morphologies, such as subcutaneous hemorrhages, abdominal swelling, and bulging eyes, which were comparatively more intense in myd88-/- fish than in the wild-type. An injury infection experiment conducted in zebrafish larvae indicated a substantial spread of VHSV in the wound site. The number of neutrophils and macrophages recruited to the wounded area were markedly reduced in myd88-/- fish. According to gene expression analysis, VHSV NP gene expression was considerably upregulated in myd88-/- fish. Substantial gene expression and immune cell marker modulation were observed in the mutant model compared to that in the wild-type. These results suggest that the lack of a significant adaptor protein for immune signal transduction results in enhanced VHSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea; Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37242, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chu Q, Yu J, Zhou J. Long noncoding RNA LTCONS4500 promotes antibacterial immune responses via targeting miR-3570-5p in teleost fish Miichthys miiuy. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104764. [PMID: 37356679 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) act as gene regulators in various biological processes, including innate immunity, in which lncRNAs could play their regulatory roles by interacting with miRNAs. Compared with mammals, there is little attention paid to the mechanism of the lncRNA-miRNA regulatory network in teleost fish. Herein, we found a long noncoding RNAs LTCONS4500 that could function as a positive regulator of the immune response in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy). Specifically, we found that the expression of LTCONS4500 could be upregulated by gram-negative bacteria, such as Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio harveyi. Upregulated LTCONS4500 could promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further study showed that LTCONS4500 could act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to interact with miR-3570-5p to facilitate MyD88 expression and thus enhance antibacterial immune responses. Our data suggests the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in antibacterial immune responses of teleost fish, which will enrich the gene regulatory network of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jingyao Yu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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7
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Yuan Y, Shi Z, Wang Q, Guo M, Yuan L, Zhao Z, Liu S, Wu C, Sun R, Wang B, Ouyang G, Ji W. Molecular characterization and expression analyses of five genes involved in the MyD88-dependent pathway of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) responding to challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108712. [PMID: 37030559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MyD88-dependent pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor is one of the vital ways activating immune responses. In order to identify the role of MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in yellow catfish, the Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1, Pf_TRAF6 and Pf_NFκB1 (p105) (Pf: abbreviation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were cloned and characterized respectively. The Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1 and Pf_TRAF6 were all highly conserved among species and showed the highest homology to that of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Pf_NFκB1 showed the highest homology to that of Ictalurus punetaus. All of the five genes showed similar expression patterns in various tissues, with the highest expression level in the liver. These genes also showed similar expression levels in different embryonic development stages, except Pf_IRAK4. The higher expression level was detected from fertilized eggs to 1 day post hatching (dph), lower expression from 3 dph to 30 dph. After stimulation of inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila, the mRNA expressions of Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1, Pf_TRAF6 and Pf_NFκB1 were significantly increased at 24 h in the liver, spleen, head kidney and trunk kidney, suggesting that all the five genes were involved in the innate immune response of yellow catfish. These results showed that MyD88-dependent signaling pathway plays important roles for disease defensing in the innate immune response. Meanwhile, inactivated A. hydrophila can cause strong innate immune response, which provides theoretical bases for the application of inactivated vaccines in defense against bacterial diseases of teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zechao Shi
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengge Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhangchun Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sixue Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruhan Sun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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8
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Molecular characterization of four innate immune genes in Tor putitora and their comparative transcriptional abundance during wild- and captive-bred ontogenetic developmental stages. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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9
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Chen AQ, He SM, Lv SJ, Qiu CZ, Zhou R, Zhang L, Zhang SR, Zhang Z, Ren DL. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors regulate inflammatory responses through arginases 1/2 in zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113321. [PMID: 35759868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are widely expressed in various effector cells and have been proved to play vital roles in smooth muscle contraction and digestive secretion. However, there are relatively few literatures revealing the roles of mAChRs in inflammatory processes, and its underlying regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Taking the advantages of live imaging of zebrafish, we found that inhibition of mAChRs resulted in increased neutrophils recruitment and proinflammatory cytokines expression, whereas activation of mAChRs led to opposite outcome. Subsequently, we found that mAChRs regulated the expression of arginases (args), and pharmacological intervention of args level could reverse the effects of mAChRs on neutrophils migration and cytokines expression, suggesting that args are important downstream proteins of mAChRs that mediate the regulation of inflammatory response. In this study, we identified args as novel downstream proteins of mAChRs in inflammatory responses, providing additional evidence for system immune regulation of cholinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Min He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Jie Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cheng-Zeng Qiu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shang-Rong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Da-Long Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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10
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Encapsulation of the septal cell wall protects Streptococcus pneumoniae from its major peptidoglycan hydrolase and host defenses. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010516. [PMID: 35731836 PMCID: PMC9216600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide, a major virulence factor for many pathogenic bacteria, is required for bacterial survival within the infected host. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, Wze, an autophosphorylating tyrosine kinase, and Wzd, a membrane protein required for Wze autophosphorylation, co-localize at the division septum and guarantee the presence of capsule at this subcellular location. To determine how bacteria regulate capsule synthesis, we studied pneumococcal proteins that interact with Wzd and Wze using bacterial two hybrid assays and fluorescence microscopy. We found that Wzd interacts with Wzg, the putative ligase that attaches capsule to the bacterial cell wall, and recruits it to the septal area. This interaction required residue V56 of Wzd and both the transmembrane regions and DNA-PPF domain of Wzg. When compared to the wild type, Wzd null pneumococci lack capsule at midcell, bind the peptidoglycan hydrolase LytA better and are more susceptible to LytA-induced lysis, and are less virulent in a zebrafish embryo infection model. In this manuscript, we propose that the Wzd/Wze pair guarantees full encapsulation of pneumococcal bacteria by recruiting Wzg to the division septum, ensuring that capsule attachment is coordinated with peptidoglycan synthesis. Impairing the encapsulation process, at localized subcellular sites, may facilitate elimination of bacteria by strategies that target the pneumococcal peptidoglycan.
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11
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Stream A, Madigan CA. Zebrafish: an underutilized tool for discovery in host-microbe interactions. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:426-437. [PMID: 35527182 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are relatively new to the field of host-pathogen interactions, although they have been a valuable vertebrate model for decades in developmental biology and neuroscience. Transparent zebrafish larvae have most components of the human innate immune system, and adult zebrafish also produce cells of the adaptive immune system. Recent discoveries using zebrafish infection models include mechanisms of pathogen survival and host cell sensing of microbes. These discoveries were enabled by zebrafish technology, which is constantly evolving and providing new opportunities for immunobiology research. Recent tools include CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, in vivo biotinylation, and genetically encoded biosensors. We argue that the zebrafish model - which remains underutilized in immunology - provides fertile ground for a new understanding of host-microbe interactions in a transparent host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stream
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cressida A Madigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA.
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12
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Cao LP, Du JL, Jia R, Ding WD, Xu P, Yin GJ, Zhang T. Effects of cyclophosphamide on antioxidative and immune functions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) via the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 239:105956. [PMID: 34496328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intensive aquaculture often results in immunosuppression in fish, which may cause a series of diseases. In this study, to investigate the immunosuppressive mechanisms in fish, tilapia were intrapleural injected cyclophosphamide (CTX) at the doses of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg·kg-1 to induce immunosuppression. We determined the viability of immune cells, the content of lysozyme (LZM) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant parameters. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of complement C3 (c3), igm and the genes associated with the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in the head kidney (HK) and spleen were also determined. The results showed that CTX had a significant cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood leukocytes, HK macrophages and spleen cells in a dose-dependent manner. The protein and mRNA levels of C3 and IgM were down-regulated with the increase of CTX concentrations in serum, HK and/or spleen. The NO and LZM contents decreased significantly in HK and spleen after CTX treatments with 75 and 100 mg·kg-1. CTX treatments with 50, 75 and/or 100 mg·kg-1 markedly decreased the antioxidant ability and enhanced lipid peroxidation in HK and spleen. Furthermore, qPCR data showed that CTX treatments with 50-100 mg·kg-1 clearly down-regulated the mRNA levels of tlr2, myd88, irak1, traf6, nfκb1, nfκb2, il-6, il-10 and tnf-α in the HK and/or spleen. Overall results suggested that CTX treatment had a cytotoxic effect on immune cells, induced lipid peroxidation, decreased the antioxidant capacity and inhibited immune function. The immunosuppressive mechanisms of CTX may be associated with the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish immunopharmacology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 2140814, China
| | - Jin-Liang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish immunopharmacology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 2140814, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish immunopharmacology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 2140814, China
| | - Wei-Dong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish immunopharmacology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 2140814, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish immunopharmacology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 2140814, China
| | - Guo-Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish immunopharmacology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, wuxi 2140814, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
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13
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Peng Y, Li M, Huang Y, Cheng B, Cao Z, Liao X, Xiong G, Liu F, Hu C, Lu H. Bifenazate induces developmental and immunotoxicity in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129457. [PMID: 33445023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenazate is a widely used acaricide, but its biological safety remains unknown. In the present study, the immunotoxic effects of exposure to bifenazate on zebrafish larvae were evaluated for the first time. Firstly, after exposure to bifenazate, the body length of the zebrafish larvae became shorter and the yolk sac swelled. Secondly, the number of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells was greatly reduced. Following exposure to bifenazate, oxidative stress levels in the zebrafish increased significantly, antioxidant activity was inhibited, and the expression of genes related to antioxidants, such as those of the glutathione metabolism pathway, changed, including gclm, prdx1, serpine1, and gss. In addition, inflammatory factors such as CXCL-c1c, IFN-γ, iL-8, iL-6, and MYD88 were abnormally expressed. The use of astaxanthin was effective in rescuing the developmental toxicity caused by bifenazate exposure. In summary, bifenazate exposure is immunotoxic and can cause oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Peng
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China; Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Qi Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Jiang J, Meng F, Zhang Q, Huang B. Structural analysis of toll-like receptor 18 from soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila): Giving insights on the ligand binding mechanism of fish specific TLRs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:490-496. [PMID: 33098989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immune system, playing crucial roles in immune defense against pathogens. TLR18, a member of TLR1 family, is fish-specific TLR and involves in the immune response against bacterial infection. Currently, the structural biology of fish TLR18 is poorly elaborated. In this study, the structure and ligand binding of TLR18 (smTLR18) of soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila), an economically valuable aquaculture mugilid species, were analyzed. The extracellular domain (ECD) of smTLR18 formed an open-loop horseshoe-shaped structure with the concave surfaces made up of 19 parallel β-strands (LRR1-LRR19), lacking Z-loop that seen in human TLR9. The intracellular Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR) domain contained a central 4-parallel β-sheet (βA-βD) surrounded by 5 α-helices (αA-αE). Molecular docking analysis revealed that both ECD domain and TIR domain of smTLR18 could form homodimers. For the ECD homodimer, the main residues involved in dimer formation were located from LRR10 to LRR14. For the TIR homodimer, the residues involved in dimer formation were located in BB loop, αB helix, αC helix and DD loop. Ligand binding analyses revealed that peptidoglycans (PGNs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), two main bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), were the potential ligands of smTLR18. The van der Waals and Coulombic interactions contributed to the interactions between smTLR18 and PGNs, while only van der Waals dominated the interactions between smTLR18 and LPS. The residues involved in ligands binding were located from LRR9 to LRR13. Our results provided the structural bases for elucidate the ligand binding of fish TLR18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Junyao Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Bei Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
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15
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Effects of MP Polyethylene Microparticles on Microbiome and Inflammatory Response of Larval Zebrafish. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030055. [PMID: 32796641 PMCID: PMC7560425 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plastic polymers have quickly become one of the most abundant materials on Earth due to their low production cost and high versatility. Unfortunately, some of the discarded plastic can make its way into the environment and become fragmented into smaller microscopic particles, termed secondary microplastics (MP). In addition, primary MP, purposely manufactured microscopic plastic particles, can also make their way into our environment via various routes. Owing to their size and resilience, these MP can then be easily ingested by living organisms. The effect of MP particles on living organisms is suspected to have negative implications, especially during early development. In this study, we examined the effects of polyethylene MP ingestion for four and ten days of exposure starting at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). In particular, we examined the effects of polyethylene MP exposure on resting metabolic rate, on gene expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress linked genes, and on microbiome composition between treatments. Overall, we found no evidence of broad metabolic disturbances or inflammatory markers in MP-exposed fish for either period of time. However, there was a significant increase in the oxidative stress mediator L-FABP that occurred at 15 dpf. Furthermore, the microbiome was disrupted by MP exposure, with evidence of an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes in MP fish, a combination frequently found in intestinal pathologies. Thus, it appears that acute polyethylene MP exposure can increase oxidative stress and dysbiosis, which may render the animal more susceptible to diseases.
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16
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Meena LL, Goswami M, Chaudhari A, Nagpure NS, Gireesh-Babu P, Dubey A, Das DK. Development and characterization of a new DRCF cell line from Indian wild strain zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1337-1347. [PMID: 32232614 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Danio rerio, zebrafish, has been widely used as a non-mammalian vertebrate model organism in various studies. The present research describes to develop and characterize a new cell line from a wild strain Indian zebrafish native to Brahmaputra River, Assam, India. The new cell line designated as DRCF was developed from the caudal fin of D. rerio. The cell line was successfully subcultured up to 31 passages. Growth studies revealed that cell growth of DRCF was optimal at 28 °C in L-15 medium supplemented with 20% FBS. Molecular characterization of the DRCF cell line using mitochondrial genes namely cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and 16S rRNA authenticated the true origin of the cell line. The chromosome analysis of the DRCF cell line expressed its 50 diploid chromosome number of D. rerio. The immunocytochemical characterization of the cell line exhibited its fibroblastic morphology. The expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) following transfection revealed the suitability of the cell line for transfection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakan Lal Meena
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Naresh S Nagpure
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh-Babu
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology, Azad Hind Fauz Marg, Dwarka Sector-3, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhanjit Kumar Das
- Genetic Research Centre, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
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17
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Yang L, Jiménez JA, Earley AM, Hamlin V, Kwon V, Dixon CT, Shiau CE. Drainage of inflammatory macromolecules from the brain to periphery targets the liver for macrophage infiltration. eLife 2020; 9:58191. [PMID: 32735214 PMCID: PMC7434444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many brain pathologies are associated with liver damage, but a direct link has long remained elusive. Here, we establish a new paradigm for interrogating brain-periphery interactions by leveraging zebrafish for its unparalleled access to the intact whole animal for in vivo analysis in real time after triggering focal brain inflammation. Using traceable lipopolysaccharides (LPS), we reveal that drainage of these inflammatory macromolecules from the brain led to a strikingly robust peripheral infiltration of macrophages into the liver independent of Kupffer cells. We further demonstrate that this macrophage recruitment requires signaling from the cytokine IL-34 and Toll-like receptor adaptor MyD88, and occurs in coordination with neutrophils. These results highlight the possibility for circulation of brain-derived substances to serve as a rapid mode of communication from brain to the liver. Understanding how the brain engages the periphery at times of danger may offer new perspectives for detecting and treating brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jessica A Jiménez
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Alison M Earley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Victoria Hamlin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Victoria Kwon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Cameron T Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
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18
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Van Steenwinckel J, Schang AL, Krishnan ML, Degos V, Delahaye-Duriez A, Bokobza C, Csaba Z, Verdonk F, Montané A, Sigaut S, Hennebert O, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Le Charpentier T, Hassan-Abdi R, Ball G, Aljabar P, Saxena A, Holloway RK, Birchmeier W, Baud O, Rowitch D, Miron V, Chretien F, Leconte C, Besson VC, Petretto EG, Edwards AD, Hagberg H, Soussi-Yanicostas N, Fleiss B, Gressens P. Decreased microglial Wnt/β-catenin signalling drives microglial pro-inflammatory activation in the developing brain. Brain 2020; 142:3806-3833. [PMID: 31665242 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia of the developing brain have unique functional properties but how their activation states are regulated is poorly understood. Inflammatory activation of microglia in the still-developing brain of preterm-born infants is associated with permanent neurological sequelae in 9 million infants every year. Investigating the regulators of microglial activation in the developing brain across models of neuroinflammation-mediated injury (mouse, zebrafish) and primary human and mouse microglia we found using analysis of genes and proteins that a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin signalling is necessary and sufficient to drive a microglial phenotype causing hypomyelination. We validated in a cohort of preterm-born infants that genomic variation in the Wnt pathway is associated with the levels of connectivity found in their brains. Using a Wnt agonist delivered by a blood-brain barrier penetrant microglia-specific targeting nanocarrier we prevented in our animal model the pro-inflammatory microglial activation, white matter injury and behavioural deficits. Collectively, these data validate that the Wnt pathway regulates microglial activation, is critical in the evolution of an important form of human brain injury and is a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Michelle L Krishnan
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Vincent Degos
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris France
| | - Andrée Delahaye-Duriez
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Cindy Bokobza
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Montané
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Sigaut
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hennebert
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, F-75003 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lebon
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Leslie Schwendimann
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Tifenn Le Charpentier
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Rahma Hassan-Abdi
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gareth Ball
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Paul Aljabar
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics Core Facility, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Olivier Baud
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - David Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Veronique Miron
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fabrice Chretien
- UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Leconte
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Valérie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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19
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Zhang L, Hong X, Zhao X, Yan S, Ma X, Zha J. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of deltamethrin renders the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) vulnerable to Pseudomonas fluorescens infection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136943. [PMID: 32007896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to assess the immunotoxicity of deltamethrin on fish, adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μg/L deltamethrin for 28 d. Many immunological parameters and histopathological alterations were determined. The results showed that lymphocyte number was markedly decreased at 0.3 and 1 μg/L treatments, whereas the neutrophil number was strongly increased at 1 μg/L treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, lysozyme (LYS), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and complement component 3 (C3) levels at 0.3 and 1 μg/L treatments were markedly reduced, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were marked increased at 1 μg/L treatments (p < 0.05). The transcripts of almost all TLR (Toll-like receptor) signaling pathway-related genes were up-regulated. Histological lesions in the livers, intestines, and gills were observed at all treatments. Then, all remaining fish from controls and deltamethrin-exposed groups were injected with Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) for 48 h. At 24 and 48 h post-injection with P. fluorescens (hpi), the lymphocyte numbers were strongly reduced at 0.3 and 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups, whereas LYS and C3 levels were strongly reduced at 0.3 and 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups (p < 0.05). Obvious reduces in IgM levels were also detected at 0.3 and 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups at 48 hpi (p < 0.05). The transcripts of almost all TLR signaling pathway-related genes were significantly down-regulated, whereas the levels of related microRNAs (miRNAs) were markedly increased at all deltamethrin-exposed groups at 24 and 48 hpi. Moreover, the bacterial load in the liver and the mortality of fish were significantly increased at 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups at 24 and 48 hpi (p < 0.05). Furthermore, obvious histological damage in the livers, intestines, and gills were observed at all deltamethrin-exposed fish at 48 hpi. Overall, our results demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentration deltamethrin suppressed immunity and rendered the fish vulnerable to P. fluorescens infection, subsequently inducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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20
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Cheng B, Zhang H, Hu J, Peng Y, Yang J, Liao X, Liu F, Guo J, Hu C, Lu H. The immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral toxicity of zebrafish induced by famoxadone-cymoxanil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125870. [PMID: 31931321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a new protective and therapeutic fungicide, studies on famoxadone-cymoxanil are rare, and its toxicity to aquatic organisms has not been reported. In the present study, zabrafish embryos were exposed to several concentrations of famoxadone-cymoxanil at 10 hpf. Then, the changes of their shape, heart rate, development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells, oxidative stress, apoptosis, the expression of apoptosis-related genes and immune-related genes, the locomotor behavior were observed and detected in acute toxicity of famoxadone-cymoxanil. Our studies showed that, after exposure to famoxadone-cymoxanil, zebrafish embryos had decreased heart rate, shortened body length, swollen yolk sac. Secondly, the number of innate and adaptive immune cells was significantly reduced; and neutrophil migration and retention at the injury area were inhibited, indicating the developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity of famoxadone-cymoxanil on the zebrafish. We also found that the oxidative stress related indicators of embryos were changed significantly, and apoptosis were substantially increased. Further investigation of changes of some key genes in TLR signaling including TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB p65 revealed that the mRNA expression of these genes was up-regulated. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of some proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL6 and IL-1β was also up-regulated. In addition, the activity, the total distance, time and average speed were decreased along with the increase of exposure concentration. The absolute turn angle, sinuosity and the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also increased. These results suggested that famoxadone-cymoxanil can induce developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jihuan Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nan Chang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nan Chang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China.
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21
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Jiao Y, Gu Z, Luo S, Deng Y. Evolutionary and functional analysis of MyD88 genes in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:322-330. [PMID: 32060010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adapter protein that links toll-like receptor and interleukin 1 receptor-mediated signal transduction. In this study, we identified 20 MyD88 genes from eight mollusk genomes and found that MyD88 was expanded in bivalves. This expansion tends to be tandem duplication. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the tandem duplication of MyD88 was formed before bivalve differentiation. All of the identified MyD88 contained both of death domain (DD) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, and 13 mollusks MyD88 have low complexity regions (LCRs), which were not found in the MyD88 from humans and zebrafish. The genomic structure showed that most of the mollusk MyD88 (14 of 19) contained five conserved introns, four of which were found in humans and zebrafish. Furthermore, the cDNA full length of PfmMyD88-2 (one of the two identified MyD88 in Pincatada fucata martensii) was obtained with 1591 bp, including 260 bp of 5'UTR, 257 bp of 3'UTR, and 1077 bp of open reading frame encoding 358 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that PfmMyD88-2 mRNA was widely expressed in all detected tissues. The highest expression level was in the gills and followed by hepatopancreas and feet. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, PfmMyD88-2 expression level increased and reached the highest level at 12 h and then gradually declined to the normal level. Over-expression of PfmMyD88-2 in HEK293T increased the luciferase activity of the pNF-κB-Luc reporter. We also identified that PfmmiR-4047 could regulate the expression of PfmMyD88-2. These results help us elucidate the mechanism underlying mollusk immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for pearl aquaculture and process, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zefeng Gu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shaojie Luo
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for pearl aquaculture and process, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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22
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Shanaka KASN, Tharuka MDN, Sellaththurai S, Yang H, Priyathilaka TT, Lee J. Characterization and expression analysis of rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) myeloid differentiation factor-88 (SsMyD88) and evaluation of its ability to induce inflammatory cytokines through NF-ĸB. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:59-72. [PMID: 32006686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is characterized by nonspecific, prompt reactions toward armada of antigens. Animals funnel down a repertoire of immune stimulants to activate non-selective defense mechanisms rapidly. This study was conducted to characterize the rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) adaptor protein MyD88 (SsMyD88), which interacts with both toll-like receptors and interleukin receptors. The tissue expression of unchallenged SsMyD88 was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Fish were intraperitoneally injected with immune stimulants including poly I:C, lipopolysaccharides, and Streptococcus iniae. Then, the temporal expression of SsMyD88 was analyzed. Finally, the inflammatory gene expression and downstream promoter activation were analyzed. Strongest expressions were reported in the liver, gills and spleen in unchallenged conditions. All diverse immune stimulants were found to be capable of significantly altering SsMyD88 transcription during the challenge experiment. Evaluation of downstream promoter biases by SsMyD88 found a predominant activation of NF-ĸB transcription factors when compared with the AP-1, revealing significant and substantial upregulation of major inflammatory mediators such as IL-1-β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α. Fluorescent detection confirmed an intense production of NO and the predominant differentiation of macrophages into M1 lineage with the overexpression of SsMyD88 in vitro. These results further corroborate the role of SsMyD88 as a mediatory molecule that bridges distinct immune stimulants to induce drastic immune responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Flores EM, Nguyen AT, Odem MA, Eisenhoffer GT, Krachler AM. The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract-microbe interactions. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13152. [PMID: 31872937 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a widely used vertebrate model for bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan infections. Due to its genetic tractability, large clutch sizes, ease of manipulation, and optical transparency during early life stages, it is a particularly useful model to address questions about the cellular microbiology of host-microbe interactions. Although its use as a model for systemic infections, as well as infections localised to the hindbrain and swimbladder having been thoroughly reviewed, studies focusing on host-microbe interactions in the zebrafish gastrointestinal tract have been neglected. Here, we summarise recent findings regarding the developmental and immune biology of the gastrointestinal tract, drawing parallels to mammalian systems. We discuss the use of adult and larval zebrafish as models for gastrointestinal infections, and more generally, for studies of host-microbe interactions in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Flores
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Max A Odem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - George T Eisenhoffer
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
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24
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Zhang X, Xu X, Shen Y, Fang Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Gu S, Wang R, Chen T, Li J. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) is involved in the innate immunity of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) defense against pathogen infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:220-229. [PMID: 31494279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an important transduction protein in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In this study, we identified the cDNA of the MpMyD88 gene in black carp. We found that MpMyD88 was widely distributed in the tissues tested and showed significant immune responses both in vitro and in vivo after stimulation with bacterial and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. After MpMyD88 overexpression/silencing, proinflame-matory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-8) also showed significant up-regulation/down-regulation. Moreover, we found that the antibacterial ability of cells over-expressing MpMyD88 was significantly stronger than that of control cells, while that of silenced MpMyD88 was significantly lower than that in control cells. Besides, we found that the overexpression of MpMyD88 significantly increased the activity of NF-κB. These results indicate that MpMyD88 plays an important role in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tiansheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Campoverde C, Milne DJ, Secombes CJ, Estévez A, Gisbert E, Andree KB. Gene expression analysis of the innate immune system during early rearing and weaning of meagre (Argyrosomus regius). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:819-832. [PMID: 31597086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first report of some representative innate immune genes in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) larvae. This study has specifically focused on the growth period from hatching to the juvenile stage, a critical time in marine fish development when reliance on innate immune mechanisms are required for survival. We report molecular cloning of partial open reading frames and expression patterns for some innate immune genes (c3, cox2, met, lyzc, mxp, myd88, nod2, nod3). In addition, phylogenetic analyses of some of the sequences obtained was performed where confusion among closely allied isoforms may have existed. These results show the met isoform from meagre is met II, an isoform more similar to a homolog described in Larimichthys crocea; lysozyme (lyzc) corresponds to the c-type and NOD isoforms (nod2, nod3) separate into different clades confirming their distinctness within a common evolutionary history. Gene expression profiles of innate genes were investigated, for nine developmental stages, from 8 days post-hatching (dph) to 120 dph. Present results demonstrated that c3, cox2, met II, lyzc, mxp, myd88, nod2, and nod3 were expressed in all stages of larval development and displayed distinct expression profiles in separate tissues (kidney, spleen gut and gill). Moreover, expression patterns suggested theses innate immune genes may be influenced by feeding practices, i.e. switching from live prey (rotifer and Artemia) and weaning onto an inert commercial diet. In addition to evaluating changes in gene expression during early development, this study evaluated the modulation of gene expression by means of in vivo trials in juveniles that were stimulated with PAMPs (LPS, poly I:C, β-glucan). These results revealed significant changes in mRNA levels of target genes in the kidney, spleen, gut and gills. However, expression profiles differed in magnitude depending on the stimulant and/or tissue. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance and potential application in aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas J Milne
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, San Carlos de La Rápita, 43540, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, San Carlos de La Rápita, 43540, Tarragona, Spain.
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26
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Tan F, Limbu SM, Qian Y, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang M. The Responses of Germ-Free Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) to Varying Bacterial Concentrations, Colonization Time Points, and Exposure Duration. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2156. [PMID: 31620110 PMCID: PMC6760068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonizing germ-free (GF) zebrafish with specific bacterial species provides the possibility of understanding the influence on host biological processes including gene expression, development, immunity, and behavioral responses. It also enlightens our understanding on the host-microbe interactions within the physiological context of a living host. However, the responses of GF zebrafish to various colonization conditions such as bacterial concentrations, colonization time points, and exposure duration remain unclear. To address this issue, we explored the responses of GF zebrafish by using two bacterial species at varying concentrations, colonization time points and exposure duration. Therefore, we mono-associated GF zebrafish with Escherichia coli DH5α or Bacillus subtilis WB800N at concentrations ranging from 102 to 107 CFU/ml either at 3 day post fertilization (dpf) or 5 dpf for 24 or 48 h. We evaluated the responses of GF zebrafish by analyzing the survival rate, colonization efficiency, nutrients metabolism, intestinal cell proliferation, innate immunity, stress, and behavior responses by comparing it to conventionally raised zebrafish (CONR) and GF zebrafish. The results indicated that the final bacteria concentrations ranging from 102 to 104 CFU/ml did not cause any mortality when GF mono-associated larvae were exposed to either E. coli DH5α or B. subtilis WB800N at 3 or 5 dpf, while concentrations ranging from 106 to 107 CFU/ml increased the mortality, particularly for 5 dpf owing to the decrease in dissolved oxygen level. The E. coli DH5α mainly induced the expression of genes related to nutrients metabolism, cell proliferation and immunity, while B. subtilis WB800N mainly upregulated the expression of genes related to immunity and stress responses. Moreover, our data revealed that GF zebrafish showed higher levels of physical activity than CONR and the microbial colonization reduced the hyperactivity of GF zebrafish, suggesting colonization of bacteria affected behavior characteristics. This study provides useful information on bacterial colonization of GF zebrafish and the interaction between the host and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ye Qian
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Liu X, Li X, Du X, Sun M, Wang X, Li W, Zhai J, Liu J, Yu H, Zhang Q. Spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) MyD88: Intracellular localization, signal transduction function and immune responses to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:719-726. [PMID: 30995543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) links members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily to the downstream activation of NF-κB as a "bridge" molecular in response to exogenous pathogen, but the function in spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus. punctatus), a commercial fish in China, is still unknown. We present a functional analysis of spotted knifejaw MyD88 (OppMyD88) with a typical death domain (DD) at the N-terminus and a conservative Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain at the C-terminus and suggest that MyD88 is important for the activation of TLR-mediated NF-κB with the synergy between domains. Subcellular localization showed that OppMyD88 was distributed in the cytoplasm in a condensed form. Tissues expression profiling analysis showed that OppMyD88 ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues with the highest expression in the liver, as determined by real-time PCR. The expression of OppMyD88 significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, kidney and gills within 120 h post Vibrio anguillarum infection. Moreover, we further confirmed that over-expressed OppMyD88 could also induce apoptosis. These results indicate that OppMyD88 might possess important roles in defense against microbial infection and other biological processes in spotted knifejaw similar to those in mammals, which will deepen our understandings in innate immunity of spotted knifejaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Minmin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuangang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- LaizhouMingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jieming Zhai
- LaizhouMingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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28
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Masud S, Prajsnar TK, Torraca V, Lamers GE, Benning M, Van Der Vaart M, Meijer AH. Macrophages target Salmonella by Lc3-associated phagocytosis in a systemic infection model. Autophagy 2019; 15:796-812. [PMID: 30676840 PMCID: PMC6526873 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune defense against intracellular pathogens, like Salmonella, relies heavily on the autophagy machinery of the host. This response is studied intensively in epithelial cells, the target of Salmonella during gastrointestinal infections. However, little is known of the role that autophagy plays in macrophages, the predominant carriers of this pathogen during systemic disease. Here we utilize a zebrafish embryo model to study the interaction of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium with the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery of macrophages in vivo. We show that phagocytosis of live but not heat-killed Salmonella triggers recruitment of the autophagy marker GFP-Lc3 in a variety of patterns labeling tight or spacious bacteria-containing compartments, also revealed by electron microscopy. Neutrophils display similar GFP-Lc3 associations, but genetic modulation of the neutrophil/macrophage balance and ablation experiments show that macrophages are critical for the defense response. Deficiency of atg5 reduces GFP-Lc3 recruitment and impairs host resistance, in contrast to atg13 deficiency, indicating that Lc3-Salmonella association at this stage is independent of the autophagy preinitiation complex and that macrophages target Salmonella by Lc3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). In agreement, GFP-Lc3 recruitment and host resistance are impaired by deficiency of Rubcn/Rubicon, known as a negative regulator of canonical autophagy and an inducer of LAP. We also found strict dependency on NADPH oxidase, another essential factor for LAP. Both Rubcn and NADPH oxidase are required to activate a Salmonella biosensor for reactive oxygen species inside infected macrophages. These results identify LAP as the major host protective autophagy-related pathway responsible for macrophage defense against Salmonella during systemic infection. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related gene; BECN1: Beclin 1; CFU: colony forming units; CYBA/P22PHOX: cytochrome b-245, alpha chain; CYBB/NOX2: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; dpf: days post fertilization; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hfp: hours post fertilization; hpi: hours post infection; IRF8: interferon regulatory factor 8; Lcp1/L-plastin: lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; mCherry: red fluorescent protein; mpeg1: macrophage expressed gene 1; mpx: myeloid specific peroxidase; NADPH oxidase: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; NCF4/P40PHOX: neutrophil cytosolic factor 4; NTR-mCherry: nitroreductase-mCherry fusion; PTU: phenylthiourea; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB-1 inducible coiled coin 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; RUBCN/RUBICON: RUN and cysteine rich domain containing BECN1-interacting protein; SCV: Salmonella-containing vacuole; S. Typhimurium/S.T: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; Tg: transgenic; TSA: tyramide signal amplification; ULK1/2: unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1/2; UVRAG: UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; wt: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrah Masud
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincenzo Torraca
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda E.M. Lamers
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Benning
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Li C, Zhao X, Kong X. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:829-838. [PMID: 30790663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are two critical signal transducers in toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. In the present study, we identified and characterized the homologues of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus, termed as CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6, respectively, and examined their roles during pathogenic infection. Full-length cDNA of CaMyD88 was 2463 bp, including a 191 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1417 bp 3'-UTR, and an 855 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding for a putative protein with 284 amino acids. Full-length cDNA of CaTRAF6 was identified to be 2555 bp, consisting of a 52 bp 5'-UTR, an 871 bp 3'-UTR, and a 1632 bp ORF encoding a protein of 543 amino acids. Deduced amino acid sequences of CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 contained the typical domains (CaMyD88: death domain and TIR domain; CaTRAF6: one RING-type zinc finger domain, two TRAF-type zinc finger domains, one coiled-coil region, and one conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology domain) as in other fish. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that both CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 were ubiquitously expressed throughout the development stages and appeared to be developmentally regulated. In addition, CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 had a broadly distribution of expression in all examined eleven tissues of healthy fish, although the transcript levels varied among the different tissues. Moreover, it was found that mRNA expressions of CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 were generally up-regulated after stimulation by polyI:C, flagellin, and Aeromonas hydrophila in spite of the down-regulation appeared at some time points or tissues. These results indicated that CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 play the critical roles in the immune defense of Qihe crucian carp against pathogenic invasion. The present findings will provide the valuable information for understanding the innate immune responses of Qihe crucian carp and contribute to develop the preventive way against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yachen Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Chunjing Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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30
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Guo CJ, He J, He JG. The immune evasion strategies of fish viruses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:772-784. [PMID: 30543936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection of a host rapidly triggers intracellular signaling events that induce interferon production and a cellular antiviral state. Viral diseases are important concerns in fish aquaculture. The major mechanisms of the fish antiviral immune response are suggested to be similar to those of mammals, although the specific details of the process require further studies. Throughout the process of pathogen-host coevolution, fish viruses have developed a battery of distinct strategies to overcome the biochemical and immunological defenses of the host. Such strategies include signaling interference, effector modulation, and manipulation of host apoptosis. This review provide an overview of the different mechanisms that fish viruses use to evade host immune responses. The basic mechanisms of immune evasion of fish virus are discussed, and some examples are provided to illustrate particular points.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering / State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - J He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering / State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - J G He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering / State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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31
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Xiong G, Zou L, Deng Y, Meng Y, Liao X, Lu H. Clethodim exposure induces developmental immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral dysfunction in zebrafish embryos. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:549-558. [PMID: 30517881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clethodim is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture, but its potential negative effects on aquatic organisms are still poorly understood. This study examined the effects of clethodim on zebrafish at aspects of early stage embryonic development, immune toxicity, cell apoptosis and locomotor behavior. Firstly, clethodim exposure markedly decreased the survival rate, body length, and heart rate and resulted in a series of morphological abnormalities, primarily spinal deformities (SD) and yolk sac edema, in zebrafish larvae. Secondly, the number of immune cells was substantially reduced but the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner upon clethodim exposure. Thirdly, we evaluated the expression of some key genes in TLR signaling including TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 and they were all up-regulated by exposure to 300 μg/L clethodim. Meanwhile, some proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL8, and IFN-γ were also activated in both the mock and the TLR4-KD conditions. Moreover, the locomotor behaviors and the enzymatic activities of AChE were obviously inhibited but the levels of acetylated histone H3 were greatly increased by clethodim exposure. In addition, incubation of zebrafish larvae with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) agonist carbachol can partially rescue the clethodim-modulated locomotor behavior. Taken together, our results suggest that clethodim has the potential to induce developmental immunotoxicity and cause behavioral alterations in zebrafish larvae. The information presented in this study will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying clethodim exposure in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lufang Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
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32
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Huang C, Niethammer P. Tissue Damage Signaling Is a Prerequisite for Protective Neutrophil Recruitment to Microbial Infection in Zebrafish. Immunity 2019; 48:1006-1013.e6. [PMID: 29768163 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage and infection are deemed likewise triggers of innate immune responses. But whereas neutrophil responses to microbes are generally protective, neutrophil recruitment into damaged tissues without infection is deleterious. Why neutrophils respond to tissue damage and not just to microbes is unknown. Is it a flaw of the innate immune system that persists because evolution did not select against it, or does it provide a selective advantage? Here we dissect the contribution of tissue damage signaling to antimicrobial immune responses in a live vertebrate. By intravital imaging of zebrafish larvae, a powerful model for innate immunity, we show that prevention of tissue damage signaling upon microbial ear infection abrogates leukocyte chemotaxis and reduces animal survival, at least in part, through suppression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPla2), which integrates tissue damage- and microbe-derived cues. Thus, microbial cues are insufficient, and damage signaling is essential for antimicrobial neutrophil responses in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Huang WS, Wang ZX, Liang Y, Nie P, Huang B. Characterization of MyD88 in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:374-382. [PMID: 30016685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a key adaptor protein required for the signaling of all Toll-like receptors except TLR3, which results to the interaction of activated TLR complexes via C-terminal TIR domain and the binding of downstream kinase via N-terminal death domain. In this study, the MyD88 gene from the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) was identified. The open reading frame of AjMyD88 was 918 bp in length, encoding a protein composed of conserved N-terminal death domain and C-terminal TIR domain, respectively. Multiple alignment revealed highly conserved sites across all examined vertebrate lineages in death and TIR domains. Site-directed mutagenesis and luciferase analysis revealed that the W78A, L91A and L95A mutations in death domain had modest impairment of their ability in activating NF-κB promoter. The expression level of AjMyD88 was investigated by real-time PCR in response to poly I:C stimulation and Edwardsiella tarda infection. Significantly increased MyD88 expression was observed at early phase in all tested tissues/organs in response to E. tarda infection and slight increase was detected in intestine and gill at 16 hpi and in head kidney, spleen and liver at 24 hpi after poly I:C stimulation. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that AjMyD88 is present as condensed forms in the cytoplasm. Taken together, sequence characterization, gene expression and cellular distribution data obtained in this study suggest that AjMyD88, similar to its mammalian ortholog, plays an important role in eel immune response against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Z X Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Y Liang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - P Nie
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
| | - B Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Yu L, Zhang L, Yang H, Gui G, Liu Y, Xiao Y. Identification and characterization of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene in yellow catfish. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:430. [PMID: 30305999 PMCID: PMC6163110 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an important adapter protein of the innate immune system, but it has never before been reported in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). In this study, we cloned and characterized the yellow catfish MyD88 gene. The gene was 1230 bp in length and contained an 876-bp open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 291 amino acid residues. The theoretical molecular mass and isoelectric point of this polypeptide were 33.4341 kDa and 5.17, respectively. Furthermore, bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses grouped yellow catfish MyD88 with MyD88 of other fish. We found that the deduced amino acid sequence showed that the conserved N-terminal death domain and the C-terminal typical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain were very similar to those of other fish. Moreover, reverse transcription PCR showed that yellow catfish MyD88 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with highest expression levels observed in the spleen and lowest levels in the intestine. Importantly, MyD88 was shown to be significantly up-regulated in the intestines after 30-day dietary supplement of Clostridium butyricum. Collectively, these results indicate that yellow catfish MyD88 has a conserved structure and is probably an important component of innate immunity in yellow catfish. This study is the first to identify and characterize MyD88 in yellow catfish, thereby providing a reference for further research into the yellow catfish innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintian Yu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Long Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality Standards for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Guohong Gui
- Institute of Quality Standards for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standards for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China
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35
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Comparison of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor between fish and mammals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:63-69. [PMID: 30078600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) functions in transporting polymeric immunoglobulin across epithelial cells into external secretion in animals. During animal evolution, fish was situated at a transition point on the phylogenetic spectrum between species possessing only innate immunity (i.e., invertebrates) and species depending heavily on adaptive immunity (i.e., mammals). Previous studies reported that fish and mammals significantly differ in pIgR. This review summarized the differences in pIgR structure, function, and transcriptional regulation between fish and mammals. A model of the transcriptional regulation of the pIgR gene was suggested. In this model, microbes could activate Toll-like receptor, trigger the cascade reactions in the signaling pathway, and then activate transcription factors that regulate pIgR expression through combining with the pIgR promoter. This review provides some suggestions for further studies on the function and regulatory mechanism of pIgR in fish and other animals.
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36
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de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACVV, Zanandrea R, Dos Santos BE, Genario R, de Oliveira GG, Friend AJ, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Psychoneuroimmunology and immunopsychiatry of zebrafish. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:1-12. [PMID: 29609110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of neural and immune disorders, their etiology and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. As the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful model organism in biomedical research, mounting evidence suggests these fish as a useful tool to study neural and immune mechanisms and their interplay. Here, we discuss zebrafish neuro-immune mechanisms and their pharmacological and genetic modulation, the effect of stress on cytokines, as well as relevant models of microbiota-brain interplay. As many human brain diseases are based on complex interplay between the neural and the immune system, here we discuss zebrafish models, as well as recent successes and challenges, in this rapidly expanding field. We particularly emphasize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational immunopsychiatry research, as they improve our understanding of pathogenetic neuro-immune interactions, thereby fostering future discovery of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Dos Santos
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ashton J Friend
- Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine SB RAS, and Department of Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Pesochny, Russia; Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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37
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Hsu AY, Gurol T, Sobreira TJP, Zhang S, Moore N, Cai C, Zhang ZY, Deng Q. Development and Characterization of an Endotoxemia Model in Zebra Fish. Front Immunol 2018; 9:607. [PMID: 29651289 PMCID: PMC5884884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a condition in which endotoxins enter the blood stream and cause systemic and sometimes lethal inflammation. Zebra fish provides a genetically tractable model organism for studying innate immunity, with additional advantages in live imaging and drug discovery. However, a bona fide endotoxemia model has not been established in zebra fish. Here, we have developed an acute endotoxemia model in zebra fish by injecting a single dose of LPS directly into the circulation. Hallmarks of human acute endotoxemia, including systemic inflammation, extensive tissue damage, circulation blockade, immune cell mobilization, and emergency hematopoiesis, were recapitulated in this model. Knocking out the adaptor protein Myd88 inhibited systemic inflammation and improved zebra fish survival. In addition, similar alternations of pathways with human acute endotoxemia were detected using global proteomic profiling and MetaCore™ pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, treating zebra fish with a protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (Shp2) inhibitor decreased systemic inflammation, immune mobilization, tissue damage, and improved survival in the endotoxemia model. Together, we have established and characterized the phenotypic and gene expression changes of a zebra fish endotoxemia model, which is amenable to genetic and pharmacological discoveries that can ultimately lead to a better mechanistic understanding of the dynamics and interplay of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Theodore Gurol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tiago J P Sobreira
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Natalie Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chufan Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Transcriptome Analysis of Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini Cells Infected by Reovirus Isolated from Allogynogenetic Silver Crucian Carp. Viruses 2018; 10:v10030135. [PMID: 29562634 PMCID: PMC5869528 DOI: 10.3390/v10030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and major signal transduction pathways that were related to the immune response of epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells to reoviruses isolated from allogynogenetic silver crucian carp. The study also lays a theoretical foundation for the pathogenesis and immunity of the reovirus, which is helpful to the breeding of cyprinids fish. Reovirus infected and uninfected EPC cells were analyzed by using a new-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. DEGs were identified, annotated, and classified, and the signal pathways involved in the response to reovirus infection were identified by using bioinformatics tool. The data were assembled into 92,101 contigs with an average length of 835.24 bp and an N50 value of 1432 nt. Differential expression analysis of all the genes identified 3316 DEGs at a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.01 and a fold-change of ≥3, of which 1691 were upregulated genes, 1625 were downregulated, and about 305 were immune-related genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis resulted in the annotation of 3941 GO terms, including 2719 biological processes (37,810 unigenes), 376 cell components (7943 unigenes), and 846 molecular functions (11,750 unigenes). KEGG metabolic pathway analysis matched the DEGs from pre-and post-infection EPC cells to 193 pathways, of which 35 were immune-related, including the Toll-like receptor, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
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Zhang M, Qiao G, Li Q, Xu DH, Qi Z, Wang A, Xu M, Huang J. Transcriptome analysis and discovery of genes involved in immune pathways from coelomocytes of Onchidium struma after bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:528-543. [PMID: 29155030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Onchidium struma widely distributes in subtidal and low-tidal zones, which is considered to be an economical species with rich nutrition, a valuable biomonitor for heavy metal pollution and a representative species for evolution from ocean to land. However, there is limited genetic information available for O. struma development. This study compared transcriptomic profiles of coelomocytes from normal and bacteria infected O. struma by Illumina-based paired-end sequencing to explore the molecular immune mechanism of O. struma against bacterial infection. After assembly, a total of 92,450 unigenes with an average length of 1019 bp were obtained. Approximately 34,964 (37.82%) unigenes were annotated in the Nr NCBI database and 40.1% of unigenes were similar with that of Aplysia californica. Among them, 7609 unigenes were classified into three Gene Ontology (GO) categories: biological process (3250 unigenes, 42.7%), cellular component (2,281, 30.0%) and molecular function (2078 unigenes, 27.3%). A total of 22,776 unigenes were aligned to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) of proteins and classified into 25 functional categories. Following bacterial infection, 10,623 differently expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified, including 7644 up-regulated and 2979 down-regulated unigenes. Further KEGG analysis annotated 11,681 DEGs to 42 pathways, and 11 pathways were identified to be related with diseases and immune system. To our knowledge, it was first time to analyze transcriptome profiles of O. struma. Results of the present study will provide valuable theoretical resources for future genetic and genomic research on O. struma. The research results will be helpful for improving the efficiency and quality of artificial breeding, establishing genetic linkage map, and enhancing health management for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo Qiao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - De-Hai Xu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Zhitao Qi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintian Huang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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40
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Meng S, Pan C, Yang M, Wu X, Yang L, Xu H. Parental exposure to bisphenol A and its analogs influences zebrafish offspring immunity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:291-297. [PMID: 28806546 PMCID: PMC7112096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational effects of environmental pollutants on humans and animals are complex. Thus, we used zebrafish to evaluate the effects of parental whole-life cycle exposure to bisphenol A and its analogs (bisphenol S and F) on offspring innate immunity. At adulthood, offspring were examined with/without continued chemicals treatment until 72h post-fertilization (hpf). To measure offspring immune function, larvae at 72 hpf were expose for 24h with/without the viral mimic polyinosinic-cytidylic acid (Poly I:C) or the bacterial mimic Pam3Cys-Ser-Lys4 (PAM3CSK4). Data show modified immunity in offspring. Specifically, lysozyme activity was significantly induced in F1 larvae and respiratory burst response and oxidative defense genes were inhibited. Genes of the innate immune system including Toll-like receptors and their downstream molecules and inflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated, whereas matrix metalloproteinases were up-regulated in larvae. In addition, recombination-activating genes in the immature adaptive immune system were significantly reduced. Thus, immune defense is diminished by exposing parental generations of zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentration of bisphenols and this suggests that fish chronically exposed to bisphenols in the wild may be vulnerable to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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41
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Tokarz DA, Heffelfinger AK, Jima DD, Gerlach J, Shah RN, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Kortum AN, Fletcher AA, Nordone SK, Law JM, Heber S, Yoder JA. Disruption of Trim9 function abrogates macrophage motility in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1371-1380. [PMID: 29021367 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0816-371r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate immune response comprises multiple molecular and cellular components that interface to provide defense against pathogens. Because of the dynamic complexity of the immune system and its interdependent innate and adaptive functionality, an understanding of the whole-organism response to pathogen exposure remains unresolved. Zebrafish larvae provide a unique model for overcoming this obstacle, because larvae are protected against pathogens while lacking a functional adaptive immune system during the first few weeks of life. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to immune agonists for various lengths of time, and a microarray transcriptome analysis was executed. This strategy identified known immune response genes, as well as genes with unknown immune function, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-9 (Trim9). Although trim9 expression was originally described as "brain specific," its expression has been reported in stimulated human Mϕs. In this study, we found elevated levels of trim9 transcripts in vivo in zebrafish Mϕs after immune stimulation. Trim9 has been implicated in axonal migration, and we therefore investigated the impact of Trim9 disruption on Mϕ motility and found that Mϕ chemotaxis and cellular architecture are subsequently impaired in vivo. These results demonstrate that Trim9 mediates cellular movement and migration in Mϕs as well as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Tokarz
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy K Heffelfinger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie Gerlach
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Radhika N Shah
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivan Rodriguez-Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda N Kortum
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley A Fletcher
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shila K Nordone
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - J McHugh Law
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Steffen Heber
- Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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42
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Myllymäki H, Niskanen M, Oksanen KE, Sherwood E, Ahava M, Parikka M, Rämet M. Identification of novel antigen candidates for a tuberculosis vaccine in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181942. [PMID: 28742838 PMCID: PMC5526617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge and the development of a better vaccine takes center stage in fighting the disease. For this purpose, animal models that are capable of replicating the course of the disease and are suitable for the early-stage screening of vaccine candidates are needed. A Mycobacterium marinum infection in adult zebrafish resembles human TB. Here, we present a pre-clinical screen for a DNA-based tuberculosis vaccine in the adult zebrafish using an M. marinum infection model. We tested 15 antigens representing different types of mycobacterial proteins, including the Resuscitation Promoting factors (Rpf), PE/PPE protein family members, other membrane proteins and metabolic enzymes. The antigens were expressed as GFP fusion proteins, facilitating the validation of their expression in vivo. The efficiency of the antigens was tested against a low-dose intraperitoneal M. marinum infection (≈ 40 colony forming units), which mimics a primary M. tuberculosis infection. While none of the antigens was able to completely prevent a mycobacterial infection, four of them, namely RpfE, PE5_1, PE31 and cdh, led to significantly reduced bacterial burdens at four weeks post infection. Immunization with RpfE also improved the survival of the fish against a high-dose intraperitoneal injection with M. marinum (≈ 10.000 colony forming units), resembling the disseminated form of the disease. This study shows that the M. marinum infection model in adult zebrafish is suitable for the pre-clinical screening of tuberculosis vaccines and presents RpfE as a potential antigen candidate for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Myllymäki
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirja Niskanen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaisa Ester Oksanen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eleanor Sherwood
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maarit Ahava
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Rämet
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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43
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Hanyang L, Xuanzhe L, Xuyang C, Yujia Q, Jiarong F, Jun S, Zhihua R. Application of Zebrafish Models in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:501. [PMID: 28515725 PMCID: PMC5413514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent, and remitting inflammatory disease with unclear etiology. As a clinically frequent disease, it can affect individuals throughout their lives, with multiple complications. Unfortunately, traditional murine models are not efficient for the further study of IBD. Thus, effective and convenient animal models are needed. Zebrafish have been used as model organisms to investigate IBD because of their suggested highly genetic similarity to humans and their superiority as laboratory models. The zebrafish model has been used to study the composition of intestinal microbiota, novel genes, and therapeutic approaches. The pathogenesis of IBD is still unclear and many risk factors remain unidentified. In this review, we compare traditional murine models and zebrafish models in terms of advantages, pathogenesis, and drug discovery screening for IBD. We also review the progress and deficiencies of the zebrafish model for scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hanyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Xuanzhe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xuyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Yujia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Jiarong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Jun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhihua
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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44
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Hidasi AO, Groh KJ, Suter MJF, Schirmer K. Clobetasol propionate causes immunosuppression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmentally relevant concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:16-24. [PMID: 27987419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are potential endocrine disrupting compounds that have been detected in the aquatic environment around the world in the low ng/L (nanomolar) range. GCs are used as immunosuppressants in medicine. It is of high interest whether clobetasol propionate (CP), a highly potent GC, suppresses the inflammatory response in fish after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was used to induce inflammation and thus mimic pathogen infection. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to ≤1000nM CP from ~1h post fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf, and CP uptake, survival after LPS challenge, and expression of inflammation-related genes were examined. Our initial experiments were carried out using 0.001% DMSO as a solvent vehicle, but we observed that DMSO interfered with the LPS challenge assay, and thus masked the effects of CP. Therefore, DMSO was not used in the subsequent experiments. The internal CP concentration was quantifiable after exposure to ≥10nM CP for 96h. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of CP was determined to be between 16 and 33 in zebrafish embryos. CP-exposed embryos showed a significantly higher survival rate in the LPS challenge assay after exposure to ≥0.1nM in a dose dependent manner. This effect is an indication of immunosuppression. Furthermore, the regulation pattern of several genes related to LPS challenge in mammals supported our results, providing evidence that LPS-mediated inflammatory pathways are conserved from mammals to teleost fish. Anxa1b, a GC-action related anti-inflammatory gene, was significantly down-regulated after exposure to ≥0.05nM CP. Our results show for the first time that synthetic GCs can suppress the innate immune system of fish at environmentally relevant concentrations. This may reduce the chances of fish to survive in the environment, as their defense against pathogens is weakened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita O Hidasi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; ETHZ, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; ETHZ, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
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45
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Chu Q, Sun Y, Cui J, Xu T. MicroRNA-3570 Modulates the NF-κB Pathway in Teleost Fish by Targeting MyD88. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3274-3282. [PMID: 28250156 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response, a protective process to clear detrimental stimuli, constitutes the defense against infectious pathogens. However, excessive inflammation disrupts immune homeostasis, which may induce autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we report that microRNA (miR)-3570 plays a negative role in the bacteria-induced inflammatory response of miiuy croaker. Upregulation of miR-3570 by Vibrio anguillarum and LPS inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production, thus avoiding an excessive inflammation response. Evidence showed that miR-3570 targets MyD88 and posttranscriptionally downregulates its expression. Overexpression of miR-3570 in macrophages suppresses the expression of MyD88, as well as its downstream signaling of IL-1R-associated kinases 1 and 4 and TNFR-associated factor 6. These results suggest that miR-3570 plays a regulatory in the bacteria-induced inflammatory response through the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics and Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics and Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Junxia Cui
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics and Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics and Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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46
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Li Y, Li Y, Cao X, Jin X, Jin T. Pattern recognition receptors in zebrafish provide functional and evolutionary insight into innate immune signaling pathways. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:80-89. [PMID: 27721456 PMCID: PMC5214946 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering inflammatory responses that eliminate invading microorganisms and damaged cells. The zebrafish relies heavily on these primary defense mechanisms against pathogens. Here, we review the major PRR signaling pathways in the zebrafish innate immune system and compare these signaling pathways in zebrafish and humans to reveal their evolutionary relationship and better understand their innate immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuelong Li
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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47
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Brugman S. The zebrafish as a model to study intestinal inflammation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:82-92. [PMID: 26902932 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Starting out as a model for developmental biology, during the last decade, zebrafish have also gained the attention of the immunologists and oncologists. Due to its small size, high fecundity and full annotation of its genome, the zebrafish is an attractive model system. The fact that fish are transparent early in life combined with the growing list of immune cell reporter fish, enables in vivo tracking of immune responses in a complete organism. Since zebrafish develop ex utero from a fertilized egg, immune development can be monitored from the start of life. Given that several gut functions and immune genes are conserved between zebrafish and mammals, the zebrafish is an interesting model organism to investigate fundamental processes underlying intestinal inflammation and injury. This review will first provide some background on zebrafish intestinal development, bacterial colonization and immunity, showing the similarities and differences compared to mammals. This will be followed by an overview of the existing models for intestinal disease, and concluded by future perspectives in light of the newest technologies and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Brugman
- Animal Sciences Group, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, room Ee1253, 6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands.
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48
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Myllymäki H, Bäuerlein CA, Rämet M. The Zebrafish Breathes New Life into the Study of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:196. [PMID: 27242801 PMCID: PMC4871865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health emergency. Up to one-third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the pathogen continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Currently, the means for preventing, diagnosing, and treating TB are unsatisfactory. One of the main reasons for the poor progress in TB research has been a lack of good animal models to study the latency, dormancy, and reactivation of the disease. Although sophisticated in vitro and in silico methods suitable for TB research are constantly being developed, they cannot reproduce the complete vertebrate immune system and its interplay with pathogens and vaccines. However, the zebrafish has recently emerged as a useful alternative to more traditional models, such as mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and non-human primates, for studying the complex pathophysiology of a mycobacterial infection. The model is based on the similarity between Mycobacterium marinum – a natural fish pathogen – and M. tuberculosis. In both zebrafish larvae and adult fish, an infection with M. marinum leads to the formation of macrophage aggregates and granulomas, which resemble the M. tuberculosis infections in humans. In this review, we will summarize the current status of the zebrafish model in TB research and highlight the advantages of using zebrafish to dissect mycobacterial virulence strategies as well as the host immune responses elicited against them. In addition, we will discuss the possibilities of using the adult zebrafish model for studying latency, dormancy, and reactivation in a mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mika Rämet
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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49
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Zaccaria E, Cao R, Wells JM, van Baarlen P. A Zebrafish Larval Model to Assess Virulence of Porcine Streptococcus suis Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151623. [PMID: 26999052 PMCID: PMC4801416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium, and the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young pigs resulting in considerable economic losses in the porcine industry. It is also considered an emerging zoonotic agent. In the environment, both avirulent and virulent strains occur in pigs, and virulent strains appear to cause disease in both humans and pigs. There is a need for a convenient, reliable and standardized animal model to assess S. suis virulence. A zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae infection model has several advantages, including transparency of larvae, low cost, ease of use and exemption from ethical legislation up to 6 days post fertilization, but has not been previously established as a model for S. suis. Microinjection of different porcine strains of S. suis in zebrafish larvae resulted in highly reproducible dose- and strain-dependent larval death, strongly correlating with presence of the S. suis capsule and to the original virulence of the strain in pigs. Additionally we compared the virulence of the two-component system mutant of ciaRH, which is attenuated for virulence in both mice and pigs in vivo. Infection of larvae with the ΔciaRH strain resulted in significantly higher survival rate compared to infection with the S10 wild-type strain. Our data demonstrate that zebrafish larvae are a rapid and reliable model to assess the virulence of clinical porcine S. suis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Zaccaria
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Cao
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Walton EM, Cronan MR, Beerman RW, Tobin DM. The Macrophage-Specific Promoter mfap4 Allows Live, Long-Term Analysis of Macrophage Behavior during Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138949. [PMID: 26445458 PMCID: PMC4596833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic labeling of innate immune cell lineages within the larval zebrafish allows for real-time, in vivo analyses of microbial pathogenesis within a vertebrate host. To date, labeling of zebrafish macrophages has been relatively limited, with the most specific expression coming from the mpeg1 promoter. However, mpeg1 transcription at both endogenous and transgenic loci becomes attenuated in the presence of intracellular pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium marinum. Here, we describe mfap4 as a macrophage-specific promoter capable of producing transgenic lines in which transgene expression within larval macrophages remains stable throughout several days of infection. Additionally, we have developed a novel macrophage-specific Cre transgenic line under the control of mfap4, enabling macrophage-specific expression using existing floxed transgenic lines. These tools enrich the repertoire of transgenic lines and promoters available for studying zebrafish macrophage dynamics during infection and inflammation and add flexibility to the design of future macrophage-specific transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Walton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Cronan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca W. Beerman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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