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de Carvalho A, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Rossi CC. Mammaliicoccus sciuri's Pan-Immune System and the Dynamics of Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Staphylococcaceae: a One-Health CRISPR Tale. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00156-7. [PMID: 39037483 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently emancipated from the Staphylococcus genus due to genomic differences, Mammaliicoccus sciuri, previously classified as an occasional pathogen, emerges as a significant player in the landscape of resistance gene dissemination among Staphylococcaceae. Despite its classification, its role remained enigmatic. In this study, we delved into the genomic repertoire of M. sciuri to unravel its contribution to resistance and virulence gene transfer in the context of One Health. Through comprehensive analysis of publicly available genomes, we unveiled a diverse pan-immune system adept at defending against exogenous genetic elements, yet concurrently fostering horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Specifically, exploration of CRISPR-Cas systems, with spacer sequences as molecular signatures, elucidated a global dissemination pattern spanning environmental, animal, and human hosts. Notably, we identified the integration of CRISPR-Cas systems within SCCmecs (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec), harboring key genes associated with pathogenicity and resistance, especially the methicillin resistance gene mecA, suggesting a strategic adaptation to outcompete other mobile genetic elements. Our findings underscored M. sciuri's active engagement in HGT dynamics and evolutionary trajectories within Staphylococcaceae, emphasizing its central role in shaping microbial communities and highlighting the significance of understanding its implications in the One Health framework, an interdisciplinary approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health to address global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
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2
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Cheung GYC, Lee JH, Liu R, Lawhon SD, Yang C, Otto M. Methicillin Resistance Elements in the Canine Pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Their Association with the Peptide Toxin PSM-mec. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38391516 PMCID: PMC10886032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a frequent cause of infections in dogs. Infectious isolates of this coagulase-positive staphylococcal species are often methicillin- and multidrug-resistant, which complicates therapy. In staphylococci, methicillin resistance is encoded by determinants found on mobile genetic elements called Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette mec (SCCmec), which, in addition to methicillin resistance factors, sometimes encode additional genes, such as further resistance factors and, rarely, virulence determinants. In this study, we analyzed SCCmec in a collection of infectious methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates from predominant lineages in the United States. We found that several lineages characteristically have specific types of SCCmec elements and Agr types and harbor additional factors in their SCCmec elements that may promote virulence or affect DNA uptake. All isolates had SCCmec-encoded restriction-modification (R-M) systems of types I or II, and sequence types (STs) ST84 and ST64 had one type II and one type I R-M system, although the latter lacked a complete methylation enzyme gene. ST68 isolates also had an SCCmec-encoded CRISPR system. ST71 isolates had a psm-mec gene, which, in all but apparently Agr-dysfunctional isolates, produced a PSM-mec peptide toxin, albeit at relatively small amounts. This study gives detailed insight into the composition of SCCmec elements in infectious isolates of S. pseudintermedius and lays the genetic foundation for further efforts directed at elucidating the contribution of identified accessory SCCmec factors in impacting SCCmec-encoded and thus methicillin resistance-associated virulence and resistance to DNA uptake in this leading canine pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Y C Cheung
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan Liu
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ching Yang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Srednik ME, Perea CA, Giacoboni GI, Hicks JA, Foxx CL, Harris B, Schlater LK. Genomic Features of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs with Pyoderma in Argentina and the United States: A Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11361. [PMID: 37511121 PMCID: PMC10379401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common opportunistic pathogen in dogs and methicillin resistance (MRSP) has been identified as an emerging problem in canine pyoderma. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) features and phylogeny of S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine pyoderma cases in Argentina (n = 29) and the United States (n = 29). 62% of isolates showed multi-drug resistance. The AMR genes found: mecA, blaZ, ermB, dfrG, catA, tetM, aac(6')-aph(2″), in addition to tetK and lnuA (only found in U.S. isolates). Two point mutations were detected: grlA(S80I)-gyrA(S84L), and grlA(D84N)-gyrA(S84L) in one U.S. isolate. A mutation in rpoB (H481N) was found in two isolates from Argentina. SCCmec type III, SCCmec type V, ΨSCCmec57395 were identified in the Argentinian isolates; and SCCmec type III, SCCmec type IVg, SCCmec type V, and SCCmec type VII variant in the U.S. cohort. Sequence type (ST) ST71 belonging to a dominant clone was found in isolates from both countries, and ST45 only in Argentinian isolates. This is the first study to comparatively analyze the population structure of canine pyoderma-associated S. pseudintermedius isolates in Argentina and in the U.S. It is important to maintain surveillance on S. pseudintermedius populations to monitor AMR and gain further understanding of its evolution and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela E Srednik
- Postdoctoral Research Participation Program, Office of Research in Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Diagnostic Bacteriology and Pathology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Claudia A Perea
- Postdoctoral Research Participation Program, Office of Research in Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Diagnostic Bacteriology and Pathology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Gabriela I Giacoboni
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1427, Argentina
| | - Jessica A Hicks
- Diagnostic Bacteriology and Pathology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Christine L Foxx
- Postdoctoral Research Participation Program, Office of Research in Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Transboundary Disease Analytics, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Beth Harris
- National Animal Health Laboratory Network, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Linda K Schlater
- Diagnostic Bacteriology and Pathology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Leal M, Morais C, Ramos B, Pomba C, Abrantes P, Costa SS, Couto I. Exploring Efflux as a Mechanism of Reduced Susceptibility towards Biocides and Fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071270. [PMID: 37048526 PMCID: PMC10093712 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main bacterial cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in companion animals, particularly dogs. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains, frequently with multidrug resistance phenotypes is a public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate efflux, a resistance mechanism still poorly characterized in S. pseudintermedius, as a contributor to biocide and fluoroquinolone resistance. Susceptibility to the efflux pump substrates ethidium bromide (EtBr), tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for 155 SSTIs-related S. pseudintermedius in companion animals. EtBr and TPP MIC distributions were analyzed to estimate cut-off (COWT) values. The effect of the efflux inhibitors (EIs) thioridazine and verapamil was assessed upon MICs and fluorometric EtBr accumulation assays, performed with/without glucose and/or EIs. This approach detected a non-wild type population towards TPP with increased efflux, showed to be strain-specific and glucose-dependent. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was mainly linked to target gene mutations, yet a contribution of efflux on CIP resistance levels could not be ruled out. In sum, this study highlights the relevance of efflux-mediated resistance in clinical S. pseudintermedius, particularly to biocides, and provides a methodological basis for further studies on the efflux activity on this important pathogen of companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Morais
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Ramos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- GeneVet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Rua Quinta da Nora Loja 3B, 2790-140 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Abrantes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Moses IB, Santos FF, Gales AC. Human Colonization and Infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: An Emerging and Underestimated Zoonotic Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030581. [PMID: 36985155 PMCID: PMC10057476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
S. pseudintermedius is a known resident of the skin and mucous membranes and a constituent of the normal microbiota of dogs. It has also been recognized as an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen that is able to colonize humans and cause severe diseases, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Most importantly, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), which is intrinsically multidrug-resistant, has emerged with serious public health consequences. The epidemiological situation is further exacerbated with reports of its zoonotic transmission and human infections which have been mostly attributed to the increasing frequency of dog ownership and close contact between dogs and humans. Evidence on the zoonotic transmission of MRSP from pet dogs to humans (such as dog owners, small-animal veterinarians, and other people in close proximity to dogs) is limited, especially due to the misidentification of S. pseudintermedius as S. aureus. Despite this fact, reports on the increasing emergence and spread of MRSP in humans have been increasing steadily over the years since its first documented report in 2006 in Belgium. The emergence of MRSP strains has further compromised treatment outcomes in both veterinary and human medicine as these strains are resistant to beta-lactam antimicrobials usually prescribed as first line treatment. Frustratingly, the limited awareness and surveillance of the zoonotic transmission of S. pseudintermedius have underestimated their extent of transmission, prevalence, epidemiology, and public health significance. In order to fill this gap of information, this review focused on detailed reports on zoonotic transmission, human colonization, and infections by S. pseudintermedius, their pathogenic features, antimicrobial resistance profiles, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment. In writing this review, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases using the keyword “Staphylococcus pseudintermedius AND humans”. A phylogenetic tree to determine the genetic relatedness/diversity of publicly available genomes of S. pseudintermedius was also constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki PMB 053, Nigeria
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Srednik ME, Perea CA, Giacoboni GI, Hicks JA, Schlater LK. First report of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71-SCCmec III and ST45-ΨSCCmec 57395 from canine pyoderma in Argentina. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 36823518 PMCID: PMC9948440 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with skin infections in dogs. Twenty-three methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated in Argentina from dogs with pyoderma were analyzed using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and classified into sequence types (ST) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) types.Based on the WGS analysis, MLST, and SCCmec type results, we report for the first time in Argentina two MRSP strains, one each, belonging to ST71-SCCmec III and ST45-ΨSCCmec57395 from dogs with pyoderma. We also identified seven isolates with ST339, which had been previously reported in only two isolates in Argentina. Additionally, we identified ten MRSP isolates harboring variants of the SCCmec V found in S. aureus, seven SCCmec V (5C2&5) with two ccrC1 recombinases, and three SCCmec V (5C2) with one ccrC1 recombinase.Our findings provide important insights into the evolution and geographic spread of these hypervirulent dominant clones that threaten the health of our companion animals and represent a significant risk for zoonotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela E. Srednik
- grid.413759.d0000 0001 0725 8379National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA U.S.A.
| | - Claudia A. Perea
- grid.413759.d0000 0001 0725 8379National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA U.S.A.
| | - Gabriela I. Giacoboni
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Antimicrobianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jessica A. Hicks
- grid.413759.d0000 0001 0725 8379National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA U.S.A.
| | - Linda K. Schlater
- grid.413759.d0000 0001 0725 8379National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA U.S.A.
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Xiao J, Huang J, Xue X, Wang C, Sun Y, Zheng L, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhao X, Xue H. Novel cassette chromosome recombinases CcrA8B9 catalyse the excision and integration of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:440-444. [PMID: 36480296 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A defining feature of MRSA is the SCCmec element. The excision and integration of SCCmec elements are catalysed by Ccr recombinases. Currently, seven ccrA, eight ccrB and two ccrC allotypes have been described. However, there have been no recent reports of a novel Ccr recombinase and thus this area should be explored. METHODS According to the proposed criteria of the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC) committee, novel ccr genes were explored by searching the genome of our laboratory staphylococcal strains, which were isolated from bovine mastitis in Northwest China. The biological activity of the novel Ccr recombinases to excise and integrate SCCmec elements was determined. The distribution of the novel ccr genes in staphylococci was conducted by querying the NCBI nr/nt database. RESULTS We report a set of novel Ccr recombinases CcrA8B9, which share nucleotide identities of 46.6%-50.2% and 47.4%-52.8% with the ccrA and ccrB alleles, respectively. We used PCR to show that CcrA8B9 can excise and integrate the SCCmec element. Furthermore, using NCBI BLAST we showed that the ccrA8B9 genes exist in other staphylococcal strains. Unlike the common ccr genes, ccrA8B9 is located outside the SCCmec/SCC element. CONCLUSIONS The novel Ccr recombinases CcrA8B9 can help excise and integrate SCCmec/SCC from the genome and provide a new way to facilitate the transmission of SCCmec/SCC elements among staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Huping Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Viñes J, Fàbregas N, Pérez D, Cuscó A, Fonticoba R, Francino O, Ferrer L, Migura-Garcia L. Concordance between Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype and Genotype of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Healthy Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111625. [PMID: 36421269 PMCID: PMC9686559 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a common commensal canine bacterium, is the main cause of skin infections in dogs and is a potential zoonotic pathogen. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has compromised the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. In this study, we compared the phenotypic results obtained by minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) for 67 S. pseudintermedius isolates from the skin of nine healthy dogs versus the genotypic data obtained with Nanopore sequencing. A total of 17 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected among the isolates. A good correlation between phenotype and genotype was observed for some antimicrobial classes, such as ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), macrolides, or tetracycline. However, for oxacillin (beta-lactam) or aminoglycosides the correlation was low. Two antibiotic resistance genes were located on plasmids integrated in the chromosome, and a third one was in a circular plasmid. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the correlation between phenotype and genotype regarding antimicrobial resistance of S. pseudintermedius from healthy dogs using Nanopore sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Viñes
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Norma Fàbregas
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Cuscó
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rocío Fonticoba
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Francino
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ferrer
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Azzariti S, Bond R, Loeffler A, Zendri F, Timofte D, Chang YM, Pelligand L. Investigation of In Vitro Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms in Skin Pathogens: Perspectives for Fluoroquinolone Therapy in Canine Pyoderma. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091204. [PMID: 36139982 PMCID: PMC9494949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are commonly used in dogs with bacterial skin infections. Their use as first choice, along with the increased incidence of FQ-resistance, represents a risk to animal and public health. Our study determined minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of five FQs in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Escherichia coli, together with FQ-resistance mechanisms. MICs, efflux pump (EP) overexpression and MBCs were measured in 249 skin infection isolates following CLSI guidelines (CLSI VET01-A4, CLSI M26-A). Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance genes were investigated after DNA extraction and sequencing. FQ-resistance was detected in 10% of methicillin-susceptible (MS), 90% of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and in 36% of E. coli. Bactericidal effect was observed except in 50% of MRSA/P for ciprofloxacin and in 20% of MRSPs for enrofloxacin. Highest MICs were associated with double mutation in gyrA (Ser83Leu + Asp87Asn), efflux pumps and three PMQR genes in E. coli, and grlA (Ser80Phe + Glu84Lys) in S. aureus. EP overexpression was high among E. coli (96%), low in S. aureus (1%) and absent in S. pseudintermedius. Pradofloxacin and moxifloxacin showed low MICs with bactericidal effect. Since in vitro FQ resistance was associated with MR, FQ use should be prudently guided by susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Azzariti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Ross Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Flavia Zendri
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Ludovic Pelligand
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Bruce SA, Smith JT, Mydosh JL, Ball J, Needle DB, Gibson R, Andam CP. Accessory Genome Dynamics of Local and Global Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Populations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798175. [PMID: 35222331 PMCID: PMC8867027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major bacterial colonizer and opportunistic pathogen in dogs. Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) continues to emerge as a significant challenge to maintaining canine health. We sought to determine the phylogenetic relationships of S. pseudintermedius across five states in the New England region of the United States and place them in a global context. The New England dataset consisted of 125 previously published S. pseudintermedius genomes supplemented with 45 newly sequenced isolates. The core genome phylogenetic tree revealed many deep branching lineages consisting of 142 multi-locus sequence types (STs). In silico detection of the mecA gene revealed 40 MRSP and 130 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates. MRSP were derived from five structural types of SCCmec, the mobile genetic element that carries the mecA gene conferring methicillin resistance. Although many genomes were MSSP, they nevertheless harbored genes conferring resistance to many other antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and penams. We compared the New England genomes to 297 previously published genomes sampled from five other states in the United States and 13 other countries. Despite the prevalence of the clonally expanding ST71 found worldwide and in other parts of the United States, we did not detect it in New England. We next sought to interrogate the combined New England and global datasets for the presence of coincident gene pairs linked to antibiotic resistance. Analysis revealed a large co-circulating accessory gene cluster, which included mecA as well as eight other resistance genes [aac (6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia, aad (6), aph (3′)-IIIa, sat4, ermB, cat, blaZ, and tetM]. Furthermore, MRSP isolates carried significantly more accessory genes than their MSSP counterparts. Our results provide important insights to the evolution and geographic spread of high-risk clones that can threaten the health of our canine companions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Bruce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Joshua T Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Mydosh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - John Ball
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - David B Needle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Robert Gibson
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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11
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Paterson GK. Genomic epidemiology of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus coagulans from companion dogs. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34431760 PMCID: PMC8513628 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus coagulans (formerly Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans) is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen of companion dogs. It carries a range of antimicrobial resistance genes and is an occasional zoonotic pathogen. Hypothesis/Gap Statement Despite the potential insight offered by genome sequencing into the biology of S. coagulans, few genomes are currently available for study. Aim To sequence and analyse S. coagulans genomes to improve understanding of this organism’s molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and bacterium–host interactions. Methodology Twenty-five genomes of clinical isolates collected at a veterinary referral hospital in Scotland, UK, were sequenced with Illumina technology. These genomes were analysed by a series of bioinformatics tools along with 16 previously sequenced genomes. Results Phylogenetic comparison of the 41 genomes shows that the current S. coagulans phylogeny is dominated by clades of closely related isolates, at least one of which has spread internationally. Ten of the 11 methicillin-resistant S. coagulans genomes in this collection of 41 encoded the mecA promoter and gene mutations that are predicted to render the isolates susceptible to penicillins in the presence of clavulanic acid, a feature only described to date in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Seven such isolates were from the current study and, in line with the genome-based prediction, all were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in vitro. S. coagulans shared very few highly conserved virulence-associated genes with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, another common commensal and opportunistic canine pathogen. Conclusion The availability of a further 25 genome sequences from clinical S. coagulans isolates will aid in better understanding the epidemiology, bacterial–host interactions and antimicrobial resistance of this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin K Paterson
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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12
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Kitagawa H, Hisatsune J, Ohge H, Kutsuno S, Hara T, Masuda K, Aziz F, Sugai M. Implanted Port Catheter System Infection Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71-SCCmec type III. Intern Med 2021; 60:2337-2340. [PMID: 33583884 PMCID: PMC8355384 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5579-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections in dogs. However, infections caused by S. pseudintermedius are only rarely reported in humans, and this pathogen is frequently misidentified as S. aureus. We herein report a case of an implanted port catheter system infection caused by methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient was also a dog owner. S. pseudintermedius was first identified using the Vitek2 system (BioMérieux). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that this MRSP was a sequence type 71-carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type III (ST71-SCCmec III) isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitagawa
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shoko Kutsuno
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hara
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Section of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kanako Masuda
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Fatkhanuddin Aziz
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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13
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Tyson GH, Ceric O, Guag J, Nemser S, Borenstein S, Slavic D, Lippert S, McDowell R, Krishnamurthy A, Korosec S, Friday C, Pople N, Saab ME, Fairbrother JH, Janelle I, McMillan D, Bommineni YR, Simon D, Mohan S, Sanchez S, Phillips A, Bartlett P, Naikare H, Watson C, Sahin O, Stinman C, Wang L, Maddox C, DeShambo V, Hendrix K, Lubelski D, Burklund A, Lubbers B, Reed D, Jenkins T, Erol E, Patel M, Locke S, Fortner J, Peak L, Balasuriya U, Mani R, Kettler N, Olsen K, Zhang S, Shen Z, Landinez MP, Thornton JK, Thachil A, Byrd M, Jacob M, Krogh D, Webb B, Schaan L, Patil A, Dasgupta S, Mann S, Goodman LB, Franklin-Guild RJ, Anderson RR, Mitchell PK, Cronk BD, Aprea M, Cui J, Jurkovic D, Prarat M, Zhang Y, Shiplett K, Campos DD, Rubio JVB, Ramanchandran A, Talent S, Tewari D, Thirumalapura N, Kelly D, Barnhart D, Hall L, Rankin S, Dietrich J, Cole S, Scaria J, Antony L, Lawhon SD, Wu J, McCoy C, Dietz K, Wolking R, Alexander T, Burbick C, Reimschuessel R. Genomics accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected as part of Vet-LIRN resistance monitoring. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:109006. [PMID: 33581494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has changed our understanding of bacterial pathogens, aiding outbreak investigations and advancing our knowledge of their genetic features. However, there has been limited use of genomics to understand antimicrobial resistance of veterinary pathogens, which would help identify emerging resistance mechanisms and track their spread. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between resistance genotypes and phenotypes for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a major pathogen of companion animals, by comparing broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. From 2017-2019, we conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS on S. pseudintermedius isolates collected from dogs in the United States as a part of the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) antimicrobial resistance monitoring program. Across thirteen antimicrobials in nine classes, resistance genotypes correlated with clinical resistance phenotypes 98.4 % of the time among a collection of 592 isolates. Our findings represent isolates from diverse lineages based on phylogenetic analyses, and these strong correlations are comparable to those from studies of several human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. We uncovered some important findings, including that 32.3 % of isolates had the mecA gene, which correlated with oxacillin resistance 97.0 % of the time. We also identified a novel rpoB mutation likely encoding rifampin resistance. These results show the value in using WGS to assess antimicrobial resistance in veterinary pathogens and to reveal putative new mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Tyson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, United States.
| | - Olgica Ceric
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, United States
| | - Jake Guag
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, United States
| | - Sarah Nemser
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, United States
| | - Stacey Borenstein
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, United States
| | - Durda Slavic
- University of Guelph - Animal Health Laboratory, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippert
- University of Guelph - Animal Health Laboratory, Canada
| | | | | | - Shannon Korosec
- Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development - Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Canada
| | - Cheryl Friday
- Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development - Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Canada
| | - Neil Pople
- Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development - Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Canada
| | - Matthew E Saab
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Janelle
- Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaires du Québec, Canada
| | - Deanna McMillan
- University of Saskatchewan - Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc, Canada
| | | | - David Simon
- Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Shipra Mohan
- Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, United States
| | - Ashley Phillips
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, United States
| | - Paula Bartlett
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, United States
| | - Hemant Naikare
- University of Georgia - Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic & Investigational Laboratory, United States
| | - Cynthia Watson
- University of Georgia - Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic & Investigational Laboratory, United States
| | | | | | - Leyi Wang
- University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory - College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Carol Maddox
- University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory - College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Vanessa DeShambo
- University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory - College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | | | - Debra Lubelski
- Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | | | | | - Debbie Reed
- Murray State University Breathitt Veterinary Center, United States
| | - Tracie Jenkins
- Murray State University Breathitt Veterinary Center, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Peak
- Louisiana State University, United States
| | | | | | | | - Karen Olsen
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, United States
| | - Shuping Zhang
- University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Martha Pulido Landinez
- Mississippi State University, Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Lab System, United States
| | - Jay Kay Thornton
- Mississippi State University, Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Lab System, United States
| | - Anil Thachil
- North Carolina Veterinary Diagnostic Lab System, United States
| | | | - Megan Jacob
- North Carolina State University, United States
| | - Darlene Krogh
- North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Brett Webb
- North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Lynn Schaan
- North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Amar Patil
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Sarmila Dasgupta
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Shannon Mann
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | | | - Renee R Anderson
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | | | - Brittany D Cronk
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Missy Aprea
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Jing Cui
- Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, United States
| | | | | | - Yan Zhang
- Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, United States
| | | | - Dubra Diaz Campos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Joany Van Balen Rubio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Akhilesh Ramanchandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboraotry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, United States
| | - Scott Talent
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboraotry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, United States
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- PA Veterinary Laboratory, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, United States
| | | | - Donna Kelly
- University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, United States
| | - Denise Barnhart
- University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, United States
| | - Lacey Hall
- University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, United States
| | - Shelley Rankin
- University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, United States
| | - Jaclyn Dietrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, United States
| | - Stephen Cole
- University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, United States
| | - Joy Scaria
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, United States
| | - Linto Antony
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, United States
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, United States
| | - Christine McCoy
- Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services- Lynchburg Regional Animal Health Laboratory, United States
| | - Kelly Dietz
- Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services- Lynchburg Regional Animal Health Laboratory, United States
| | | | | | | | - Renate Reimschuessel
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, United States
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14
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Comparative characterisation of human and ovine non- aureus staphylococci isolated in Sardinia (Italy) for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and resistance genes. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e45. [PMID: 33509310 PMCID: PMC8060810 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the comparative characterisation of 195 non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) isolates obtained from sheep (n = 125) and humans (n = 70) in Sardinia, Italy, identified at the species level by gap gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with AluI. Isolates were tested phenotypically with a disc diffusion method and genotypically by PCR, for resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents including cationic antiseptic agents. Among the ovine isolates, Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 57), S. chromogenes (n = 29), S. haemolyticus (n = 17), S. simulans (n = 8) and S. caprae (n = 6) were the most prevalent species, while among human isolates, S. haemolyticus (n = 28) and S. epidermidis (n = 26) were predominant, followed by S. lugdunensis and S. hominis (n = 4). Of the 125 ovine isolates, 79 (63.2%) did not carry any of the resistance genes tested, while the remainder carried resistance genes for at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance rates among ovine isolates were recorded against tetracycline (20.8%), and penicillin (15.2%); none was resistant to methicillin and two exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR); one of which was positive for the antiseptic resistance smr gene. By contrast, most human isolates (59/70, 84.3%) were resistant to ⩾1 antimicrobials, and 41 (58.6%) were MDR. All 52 (74.3%) penicillin-resistant isolates possessed the blaZ gene, and 33 of 70 (47.1%) harboured the mec gene; of these, seven were characterised by the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette (SCCmec) type IV, 6 the type V, 5 of type III and one representative each of type I and type II. The majority (57.1%) was erythromycin-resistant and 17 isolates carried only the efflux msrA gene, 11 the methylase ermC gene and an equal number harboured both of the latter genes. Moreover, 23 (32.8%) were tetracycline-resistant and all but one possessed only the efflux tetK gene. qacA/B and smr genes were detected in 27 (38.6%) and 18 (25.7%) human NAS, respectively. These results underline a marked difference in species distribution and antimicrobial resistance between ovine and human-derived NAS.
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15
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Use of molecular homology model to identify inhibitors of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sortase A. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Mancilla-Rojano J, Escalona-Venegas G, Esteban-Kenel V, Franco-Hernández I, Parra-Ortega I, Arellano-Galindo J, Hernández-Castro R, Perez-López CF, De la Rosa-Zamboni D, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Associated With a Hospital Outbreak Involving Contamination From Anesthesia Equipment Using UV-C. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:600093. [PMID: 33381094 PMCID: PMC7767929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered an opportunistic pathogen in humans and is mainly associated with healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). This bacterium colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people and causes frequent hospital outbreaks. The aim of this study was to perform molecular typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and agr loci as wells as to establish the pulsotypes and clonal complexes (CCs) for MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) outbreaks associated with the operating room (OR) at a pediatric hospital. Twenty-five clinical strains of S. aureus (19 MRSA and 6 MSSA strains) were recovered from the outbreak (patients, anesthesia equipment, and nasopharyngeal exudates from external service anesthesia technicians). These clinical S. aureus strains were mainly resistant to benzylpenicillin (100%) and erythromycin (84%) and were susceptible to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. The SCCmec type II was amplified in 84% of the S. aureus strains, and the most frequent type of the agr locus was agrII, which was amplified in 72% of the strains; however, the agrI and agrIII genes were mainly detected in MSSA strains. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis grouped the 25 strains into 16 pulsotypes (P), the most frequent of which was P1, including 10 MRSA strains related to the anesthesia equipment, external service anesthesia technicians, and hospitalized patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 15 sequence types (STs) distributed in nine CCs. The most prevalent ST was ST1011, belonging to CC5, which was associated with the SCCmec type II and agrII type. We postulate that the external service anesthesia technicians were MRSA carriers and that these strains were indirectly transmitted from the contaminated anesthesia equipment that was inappropriately disinfected. Finally, the MRSA outbreak was controlled when the anesthesia equipment disinfection was improved and hand hygiene was reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Escalona-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Veronica Esteban-Kenel
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Franco-Hernández
- Laboratorio Central de Bacteriología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Laboratorio Central de Bacteriología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Citlalli F Perez-López
- Departamento de Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela De la Rosa-Zamboni
- Departamento de Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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17
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Meroni G, Cardin E, Rendina C, Herrera Millar VR, Soares Filipe JF, Martino PA. In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060344. [PMID: 32575376 PMCID: PMC7345844 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, Milan 20133, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50315326
| | - Elena Cardin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy; (E.C.); (C.R.); (V.R.H.M.); (J.F.S.F.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Charlotte Rendina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy; (E.C.); (C.R.); (V.R.H.M.); (J.F.S.F.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy; (E.C.); (C.R.); (V.R.H.M.); (J.F.S.F.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Joel Fernando Soares Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy; (E.C.); (C.R.); (V.R.H.M.); (J.F.S.F.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy; (E.C.); (C.R.); (V.R.H.M.); (J.F.S.F.); (P.A.M.)
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Soohoo J, Daniels JB, Brault SA, Rosychuk RAW, Schissler JR. Efficacy of three disinfectant formulations and a hydrogen peroxide/silver fogging system on surfaces experimentally inoculated with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:350-e91. [PMID: 32310324 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective environmental disinfection is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections from meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). However, there are currently no commercial disinfectant sprays or fogging systems with label claims against MRSP. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of a quaternary ammonium product (QAC), an accelerated hydrogen peroxide product (AHP), a hydrogen peroxide and silver product (HAL), and a hydrogen peroxide and silver fogging system (FOG) against MRSP. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sterile plastic surfaces inoculated with MRSP were treated with 200 µL of QAC, AHP or HAL for the recommended contact times. For FOG, inoculated samples were placed in eight positions within a sealed room before fogging for the recommended contact time. Post-treatment bacterial counts were compared to untreated positive controls. Sterile uninoculated surfaces served as negative controls. RESULTS Least-squares mean reduction (log10 ) in colony forming units (cfu) was 3.55 log10 for QAC (P < 0.0001), 3.60 log10 for AHP (P < 0.0001), 1.66 log10 for HAL (P < 0.0001) and 0.32 log10 for FOG (P = 0.004). QAC, AHP and HAL reduced MRSP cfu by 99.97%, 99.98% and 97.81%, respectively. FOG reduced cfu by 52.14%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE QAC and AHP effectively disinfected surfaces inoculated with MRSP. Although HAL provided lower MRSP reduction, it may be considered clinically acceptable. FOG as a sole means of MRSP disinfection was not supported yet may have utility as an adjunctive disinfectant in clinical areas with bacterial densities lower than our experimental inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Soohoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Stephanie A Brault
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Rod A W Rosychuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer R Schissler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Soimala T, Lübke-Becker A, Hanke D, Eichhorn I, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Eule JC. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from ocular surfaces of dogs and cats suffering from ophthalmological diseases. Vet Microbiol 2020; 244:108687. [PMID: 32402352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have recently emerged as a major therapeutic challenge in small animal medicine because of their antimicrobial multidrug resistance and their role as nosocomial pathogens. This study focused on the prevalence, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes of MRSP isolated from conjunctival swabs of dogs and cats. Conjunctival swabs were collected from 72 dogs and 24 cats suffering from conjunctivitis/blepharitis, keratitis or uveitis and screened for the presence of MRSP. S. pseudintermedius was isolated from 38 (39.6 %) of all samples. Three (7.9 %) S. pseudintermedius isolates were confirmed as MRSP. They harboured the mecA gene and originated from dogs. One MRSP isolate was from a case of uveitis while the other two MRSP isolates originated from cases of conjunctivitis/blepharitis. All MRSP isolates were subjected to broth microdilution and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Resistance and virulence genes, multilocus sequence (MLS), spa, dru and SCCmec types were deduced from WGS data. Two of the three MRSP isolates, IMT360/16 and IMT515/16, shared the same MLS type (ST71), spa type (t02), dru type (dt9a), SCCmec type (II-III), and indistinguishable multidrug resistance pheno- and genotypes, including resistance to β-lactams (blaZ, mecA), erythromycin and clindamycin (erm(B)), streptomycin (aphA3), gentamicin (aacA-aphD), enrofloxacin (mutations in grlA and gyrA), tetracycline (tet(K)), and trimethoprim (dfrG)/sulfamethoxazole. The third isolate, IMT1670/16, differed in all those characteristics (MLST (ST1403), dru type (dt10h), SCCmec type (IVg), except the spa type (t02). In addition, isolate IMT1670/16 carried a different tetracycline resistance gene (tet(M)) and was susceptible to erythromycin and clindamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Karnjanavanit 15, Kho Hong, Hat Yai 90110 Songkhla, Thailand; Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johanna Corinna Eule
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Gagetti P, Errecalde L, Wattam AR, De Belder D, Ojeda Saavedra M, Corso A, Rosato AE. Characterization of the First mecA-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from an Argentinian Patient. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:717-721. [PMID: 32031908 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is commonly associated with colonization or infection in dogs, and was identified as a novel species within the genus Staphylococcus in 2006. Methicillin resistance emerged in S. pseudintermedius during the last decade. We describe here a genomic characterization of the first methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) recovered from a human patient in Argentina. The strain was phenotypically identified as MRSP 8510 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We assessed genetic characterization by mecA PCR, SCCmec (staphylococcal chromosomal cassette) typing, and whole-genome sequencing. MRSP 8510 was phenotypically resistant to six classes of antimicrobial agents, consistent with the genes found in its genome. We concluded that MRSP 8510 was a multidrug-resistant ST1412 isolate. This study highlights the importance of the detection and characterization of pathogens with potential risks of zoonotic transmission to humans, as they may constitute a reservoir of genes associated with antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gagetti
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, INEI-ANLIS- "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Errecalde
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Hospital J. A. Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alice R Wattam
- Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Denise De Belder
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, INEI-ANLIS- "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew Ojeda Saavedra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, INEI-ANLIS- "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana E Rosato
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Viñes J, Cuscó A, Francino O. Hybrid Assembly from a Pathogenic Methicillin- and Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strain Isolated from a Case of Canine Otitis in Spain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:e01121-19. [PMID: 31896627 PMCID: PMC6940279 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01121-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the genome assembly, using a hybrid approach with Illumina and Nanopore sequencing, of a pathogenic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strain isolated from a case of canine otitis. Genome assembly confirmed the antimicrobial resistance profile (disk diffusion testing) with specific genes and mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Viñes
- Servei Veterinari de Genètica Molecular (SVGM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Vetgenomics SL, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Cuscó
- Vetgenomics SL, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Francino
- Servei Veterinari de Genètica Molecular (SVGM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Gagetti P, Wattam AR, Giacoboni G, De Paulis A, Bertona E, Corso A, Rosato AE. Identification and molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains isolated from canine clinical samples in Argentina. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:264. [PMID: 31351494 PMCID: PMC6660709 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the leading cause of pyoderma in dogs and the frequent use of antimicrobial treatment is associated to the development of resistance to nearly all classes of antibiotics. Despite S. pseudintermedius significance, our understanding of the molecular mechanism of β-lactam resistance and its genetic diversity remains limited. We aimed to: i) determine the phenotypic resistance profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from infected dogs in three different veterinary hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina; ii) identify the SCCmec elements and resistance genes; and iii) analyze the clonal relationship between isolates and in regard of dominant lineages found in the world. RESULTS In addition to the differential levels of β-lactam resistance, MRSP isolates (n = 10) showed resistance to 5-6 families of antibiotics, and were therefore categorized as multidrug-resistant. All the isolates were variant of SCCmec V homologous to S. aureus; additional SCCmecFinder analysis classified five of the genomes as SCCmec type V (5C2&5) with mecA (encodes for PBP2a), mecRI and mecI and all the genes closely related to the reference SCCmec type V S. aureus TSGH17 strain. In the remaining five strains, mecA was present, although other genes associated with SCCmec V including mecR1 and mecI were missing. PBP2a was inducible in low level resistance strains (MRSP 8151), and constitutively expressed in MRSP 8150, suggesting different mecA regulatory mechanisms. MRSP isolates showed significant genetic diversity: eight PFGE clonal types and six multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (STs) (339, 649, 919, 920, 921 and 922), including four new STs genetically distinct from STs reported in other geographic areas. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses of the MRSP showed a correlation between the genetic content and the phenotypes, and established the genetic relationship between the isolates. CONCLUSIONS MRSP could be a threat to animal health due to it concerning level of antimicrobial resistance. Our study highlights genetic and epidemiological aspects of multidrug-resistant MRSP strains from Argentina showing high degree of correlation between the resistance genes and the phenotype of the isolates and, furthermore, they appeared evolutionary closer to major worldwide reported ST68 and ST71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gagetti
- Servicio Antimicrobianos INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran" , CABA, Argentina.,Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alice R Wattam
- Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Gabriela Giacoboni
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adriana De Paulis
- Departamento Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari-UBA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Bertona
- Departamento Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari-UBA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Servicio Antimicrobianos INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran" , CABA, Argentina
| | - Adriana E Rosato
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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23
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Molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs and the description of their SCCmec elements. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:196-203. [PMID: 31053353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years an increasing number of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has been observed in both, healthy and clinically infected dogs. The aim of the study was the characterisation of MRSP isolates from clinical routine diagnostics of a German laboratory in order to assess the abundancy of resistance genes and SCCmec elements. 97 isolates from 96 dogs were analysed using microarrays detecting resistance genes and SCCmec-associated markers. All isolates harboured mecA and blaZ. Other abundant resistance markers (in >80% of isolates) included aacA-aphD, aphA3 and sat as well as erm(B). Tetracycline resistance genes (tet(K), tet(M)) and cat also were common (in >20%). The vast majority (n = 59) of isolates carried SCCmec III elements. SCCmec IV and V elements were identified in 21 and 15 isolates, respectively. Irregular or pseudo-SCCmec elements were found in 2 isolates. The high degree of uniformity of hybridisation patterns of tested strains suggest that the majority of MRSP infections was caused by one single strain and comparison to previously published reports and sequences suggest that this was the ST71-SCCmec III strain that also predominates elsewhere in Western Europe.
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24
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Bergot M, Martins-Simoes P, Kilian H, Châtre P, Worthing KA, Norris JM, Madec JY, Laurent F, Haenni M. Evolution of the Population Structure of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in France. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3055. [PMID: 30619143 PMCID: PMC6300469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a colonizer as well as an important pathogen of dogs where it is responsible for skin, ear and post-operative infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the early 2000s, which were additionally resistant to most veterinary-licensed antibiotics, drew specific attention to these pathogens due to the limitations created in veterinary therapeutic options. Multiple studies showed that the sequence type (ST)71 was the most frequently identified clone in Europe. A few years ago, several publications have suggested a decline of the ST71 clone and the emergence of the ST258 lineage in Northern Europe. In this study, we show that ST71 is also decreasing over time in France and that the non-ST71 population is highly heterogeneous. Globally, the non-ST71 clones are more susceptible to antibiotics, which might be good news for veterinarians. Two other lineages, ST258 and ST496, seem to be successful in France. These isolates, as well as representatives of the ST71 clone, underwent whole-genome sequence. This study shows that the ST71 and ST496 clusters are highly homogenous while the ST258 cluster is more diverse. Each ST possesses a specific pattern of resistance and virulence genes. The reasons for the apparent and simultaneous success of the ST258 and ST496 clones remain unclear. But the emergence of the ST496 clone will require monitoring given its multi-resistant genotype and threat to canine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bergot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Equipe Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Martins-Simoes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Equipe Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux - Centre de Biologie Nord, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Kilian
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Châtre
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
| | - Kate A Worthing
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Institut des Agents Infectieux - Centre de Biologie Nord, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Equipe Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux - Centre de Biologie Nord, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
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25
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Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Elements from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Infections in Australian Animals. mSphere 2018; 3:3/6/e00491-18. [PMID: 30404937 PMCID: PMC6222048 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00491-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant veterinary pathogen and occasional cause of infections in humans. β-Lactams are an important group of antimicrobials used to treat staphylococcal infections in humans and animals. However, when staphylococci become methicillin resistant via the acquisition of a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), they become resistant to all β-lactams. This study detected a novel SCCmec element among a cluster of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates from animals in Australia. It also detected SCCmec elements in S. pseudintermedius that had high similarity to those identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating how human and animal pathogens can share the same resistance determinants. We examined the oxacillin resistance phenotype and genomic structure of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements from 77 veterinary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates. Isolates were characterized by oxacillin broth microdilution, whole-genome sequencing, and bioformatics analysis. Five previously described SCCmec elements, and a sixth novel element, were identified: SCCmec III (also known as II-III), ΨSCCmec57395, and SCCmecNA45 (a SCCmec VII variant), all previously described in MRSP, and SCCmec IVg and SCCmec VT, previously described in both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSP. The sixth element was novel and found among nine geographically clustered isolates. This novel pseudostaphylococcal cassette chromosome (ΨSCCmecKW21) contained a class A mec gene complex but lacked ccr genes. It also harbored heavy metal (cadmium) resistance determinants. The median oxacillin MIC values among ΨSCCmecKW21, SCCmec III, and SCCmec VT isolates were significantly higher than those determined for the SCCmecNA45 VII variant isolates and ΨSCCmec57395 and SCCmec IVg isolates. ΨSCCmecKW21 was found exclusively in sequence type 497 (ST497), an MRSP clone that is locally successful in Victoria, Australia. Future studies are necessary to determine if this clone has disseminated further afield and if ΨSCCmecKW21 has moved into other MRSP lineages or staphylococcal species. IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant veterinary pathogen and occasional cause of infections in humans. β-Lactams are an important group of antimicrobials used to treat staphylococcal infections in humans and animals. However, when staphylococci become methicillin resistant via the acquisition of a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), they become resistant to all β-lactams. This study detected a novel SCCmec element among a cluster of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates from animals in Australia. It also detected SCCmec elements in S. pseudintermedius that had high similarity to those identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating how human and animal pathogens can share the same resistance determinants.
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26
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Abouelkhair MA, Bemis DA, Giannone RJ, Frank LA, Kania SA. Characterization of a leukocidin identified in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204450. [PMID: 30261001 PMCID: PMC6160070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are the most common cause of skin infections (pyoderma) affecting dogs. Two component pore-forming leukocidins are a family of potent toxins secreted by staphylococci and consist of S (slow) and F (fast) components. They impair the innate immune system, the first line of defense against these pathogens. Seven different leukocidins have been characterized in Staphylococcus aureus, some of which are host and cell specific. Through genome sequencing and analysis of the S. pseudintermedius secretome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry we identified two proteins, named "LukS-I" and "LukF-I", encoded on a degenerate prophage contained in the genome of S. pseudintermedius isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of LukS-I components in comparison to the rest of the leukocidin family showed that LukS-I was most closely related to S. intermedius LukS-I, S. aureus LukE and LukP, whereas LukF-I was most similar to S. intermedius LukF-I S. aureus gamma hemolysin subunit B. The killing effect of recombinant S. pseudintermedius LukS-I and LukF-I on canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes was determined using a flow cytometry cell permeability assay. The cytotoxic effect occurred only when the two recombinant proteins were combined. Engineered mutant versions of the two-component pore-forming leukocidins, produced through amino acids substitutions at selected points, were not cytotoxic. Anti-Luk-I produced in dogs against attenuated proteins reduced the cytotoxic effect of native canine leukotoxin which highlights the importance of Luk-I as a promising component in a vaccine against canine S. pseudintermedius infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - David A. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Biological Mass Spectrometry, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Wegener A, Broens EM, Zomer A, Spaninks M, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Comparative genomics of phenotypic antimicrobial resistances in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:125-131. [PMID: 30322524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important pathogen in dogs. Since 2004, methicillin- resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates, often multidrug resistant, have been observed in dogs in the Netherlands. This study aims to link the observed resistance phenotypes in canine MRSP to genotypic antimicrobial resistance markers, and to study the phylogeny of MRSP by genomic comparisons. The genomes of fifty clinical isolates of MRSP from dogs from the Netherlands were sequenced. The resistance genes were identified, and for twenty one different antimicrobials their presence and sequence were associated with the resistance phenotypes. In case of observed discrepancies, the genes were aligned with reference genes. Of the phenotypic resistances, 98.3% could be explained by the presence of an associated resistance gene or point mutation. Discrepancies were mainly resistance genes present in susceptible isolates; 43.8% (7/16) were explained by an insertion, deletion or mutation in the gene. In relation with the resistance gene presence or absence, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny was constructed to define the population dynamics. The resistance gene content differed according to clonal complex, from very conserved (CC45), to partly conserved (CC71) to highly diverse (CC258) resistance gene patterns. In conclusion, this study shows that the antimicrobial genotype from whole genome sequencing is highly predictive of the resistance phenotype in MRSP. Interestingly, the observed clonal complexes of MRSP isolates were linked with resistance gene patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wegener
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Els M Broens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirlin Spaninks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- Rainbow Equine Hospital, Malton, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - S W Page
- Advanced Veterinary Therapeutics, Newtown, Australia
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29
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance among staphylococci of animal origin is based on a wide variety of resistance genes. These genes mediate resistance to many classes of antimicrobial agents approved for use in animals, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols, pleuromutilins, and diaminopyrimidines. In addition, numerous mutations have been identified that confer resistance to specific antimicrobial agents, such as ansamycins and fluoroquinolones. The gene products of some of these resistance genes confer resistance to only specific members of a class of antimicrobial agents, whereas others confer resistance to the entire class or even to members of different classes of antimicrobial agents, including agents approved solely for human use. The resistance genes code for all three major resistance mechanisms: enzymatic inactivation, active efflux, and protection/modification/replacement of the cellular target sites of the antimicrobial agents. Mobile genetic elements, in particular plasmids and transposons, play a major role as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes in animal staphylococci. They facilitate not only the exchange of resistance genes among members of the same and/or different staphylococcal species, but also between staphylococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. The observation that plasmids of staphylococci often harbor more than one resistance gene points toward coselection and persistence of resistance genes even without direct selective pressure by a specific antimicrobial agent. This chapter provides an overview of the resistance genes and resistance-mediating mutations known to occur in staphylococci of animal origin.
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Phumthanakorn N, Fungwithaya P, Chanchaithong P, Prapasarakul N. Enterotoxin gene profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs, humans and the environment. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:866-873. [PMID: 29724270 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to detect and identify staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains from different sources, and to investigate the relationship between their sequence types (STs) and SE gene patterns. METHODOLOGY The profiles of 17 SE genes in 93 MRSP strains isolated from dogs (n=43), humans (n=18) and the environment (n=32) were detected by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to analyse the clonal relatedness between the molecular type and SE gene profiles.Results/Key findings. The human MRSP strains harboured the greatest number of SE genes (12/17; sea, sec, seg, sei, sek, sel, sem, sen, seo, sep, seq and tst-1) compared to those from dogs (5/17; sec, sel, sem, seq and tst-1) and environmental sources (3/17; sec, seq and tst-1). Using MLST and PFGE, different SE gene profiles were found within the same clonal type. CONCLUSION We show that isolates of MRSP vary in their virulence gene profiles, depending on the source from which they have been isolated. This insight should encourage the development of appropriate monitoring and mitigation strategies to reduce the transmission of MRSP in veterinary hospitals and households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathita Phumthanakorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Punpichaya Fungwithaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattrarat Chanchaithong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Schmidt VM, Pinchbeck G, Nuttall T, Shaw S, McIntyre KM, McEwan N, Dawson S, Williams NJ. Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on mucosal staphylococci in a population of dogs in Northwest England. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:192-e70. [PMID: 29664197 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from veterinary patients. OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among canine mucosal staphylococci following routine antimicrobial treatment with cefalexin (CFX), clavulanate-amoxicillin (AC), cefovecin (CVN), clindamycin (CD) or a fluoroquinolone (FQ). ANIMALS Mucosal swab samples (n = 463) were collected from 127 dogs pre-treatment, immediately, and at one- and three-months post-treatment. METHODS Staphylococci were identified phenotypically and biochemically as coagulase negative (CoNS) or coagulase positive (CoPS); CoPS were speciated by nuc gene PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disc diffusion and mecA gene carriage by PCR. Multilevel, multivariable models examined associations between risk factors and presence/absence of CoPS, meticillin resistance (MR), multidrug-resistance (MDR) and fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR). RESULTS The percentage of samples with CoNS increased and with CoPS (including S. pseudintermedius) decreased immediately post-treatment with CFX, CVN and CD (P ≤ 0.001) and one month post-treatment with CD (P = 0.003). By three months post-treatment, there was no significant difference compared to pre-treatment samples. Immediately post-treatment with FQs there was significantly increased risk of isolating MRS (P = 0.002), MDR (P = 0.002) or FQR (P = 0.013) staphylococci and of MDR following CFX treatment (P = 0.019). The percentage of samples with AMR staphylococci declined from immediately to three months post-treatment and there was no significant difference between resistance prevalence at one or three months post-treatment for most AMR traits and treatment groups. Exceptions include increased MDR following FQ (P = 0.048) or CFX (P = 0.021), at one and three months post-treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Systemic antimicrobials impact on mucosal staphylococci. Immediately after therapy, the mucosa may be a reservoir for AMR staphylococci that are a source of mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Schmidt
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Bush Farm Road Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Steve Shaw
- UK Vet Derm, 16 Talbot Street Whitwick, Coalville, LE67 5AW, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K Marie McIntyre
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Neil McEwan
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Susan Dawson
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
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Wullschleger S, Jans C, Seifert C, Baumgartner S, Lacroix C, Bonfoh B, Stevens MJ, Meile L. Vagococcus teuberi sp. nov., isolated from the Malian artisanal sour milk fènè. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ghaznavi-Rad E, Fard-Mousavi N, Shahsavari A, Japoni-Nejad A, Van Belkum A. Distribution of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types among methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci in central Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 10:7-13. [PMID: 29922413 PMCID: PMC6004636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are important nosocomial pathogens. They may serve as a reservoir of SCCmec, the genomic island encoding amongst other methicillin resistance. This study was designed to determine the distribution of different SCCmec types from MR-CoNS isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in central Iran, having high frequency of nosocomial methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated isolates from patients attending the Vali-Asr Hospital located in the center of Iran, from February to December 2012. Multiplex PCR was performed for SCCmec typing. For isolates in which SCCmec could not be typed directly, additional ccr and mec complex analyses were performed. RESULTS Totally, 70 MR-CoNS isolates, comprising of 47 S. epidermidis strains (67%), 10 S. saprophyticus (14.3%), 9 S. hemolyticus (13%) and 4 S. lugdunensis (5.7%) were identified. Thirty-nine were characterized as type IVa 19 (27%), type III 11 (16%), type II 7 (10%) and type V 2 (3%). Only 20 isolates (28.6%) carried the ccr complex, while the current methods could not characterize the 11 remaining isolates. CONCLUSION A high level of SCCmec genetic diversity was found among MR-CoNS isolates. MR-CoNS may act as a reservoir of SCCmec IV for MRSA. This issue should be taken into consideration seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,Corresponding author: Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, PhD, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Tel: +98 8634173526, Fax: +98 8614173526,
| | - Nasimeh Fard-Mousavi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Shahsavari
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Japoni-Nejad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alex Van Belkum
- Scientific Office, BioMérieux, Route de Port Michaud, La Balme Les Grottes 38390, France,Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Worthing KA, Abraham S, Coombs GW, Pang S, Saputra S, Jordan D, Trott DJ, Norris JM. Clonal diversity and geographic distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Australian animals: Discovery of novel sequence types. Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:58-65. [PMID: 29292005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an increasingly prevalent pathogen in veterinary medicine. This study examined the molecular epidemiology of clinical MRSP isolated from Australian animals. Clinical staphylococci submitted to all Australian veterinary diagnostic laboratories were collected during 2013 and identified using traditional phenotypic tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was determined using broth microdilution and disk diffusion. MRSP isolates were characterized by whole genome sequencing which included identification of the mecA gene. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Of the 669 S. pseudintermedius isolates collected from dogs, cats and cattle, 77 (11.5%) were MRSP. Nineteen multilocus sequence types (STs) were identified, with most isolates belonging to one of five STs (ST71, ST497, ST316, ST496 and ST45). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Australian ST71 appears closely related to ST71 from overseas. ST497 and ST496 represented novel sequence types, not previously reported outside Australia. Most other STs were novel and only distantly related to each other. Geographical clustering of STs was observed. All isolates belonging to the five main STs were multi- to extensively- drug resistant while isolates from singleton STs generally had lower levels of antimicrobial resistance. The frequency of ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance varied significantly between STs (p<0.01). Australian MRSP isolates are phylogenetically diverse, with a mix of previously unreported and well known international MRSP clones that demonstrate geographic clustering and exhibit both multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Worthing
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine - WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stanley Pang
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine - WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia; Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - David Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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Clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from skin infection of dogs in Korea. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pomba C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P, Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K. Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:957-968. [PMID: 27999066 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are important tools for the therapy of infectious bacterial diseases in companion animals. Loss of efficacy of antimicrobial substances can seriously compromise animal health and welfare. A need for the development of new antimicrobials for the therapy of multiresistant infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria, has been acknowledged in human medicine and a future corresponding need in veterinary medicine is expected. A unique aspect related to antimicrobial resistance and risk of resistance transfer in companion animals is their close contact with humans. This creates opportunities for interspecies transmission of resistant bacteria. Yet, the current knowledge of this field is limited and no risk assessment is performed when approving new veterinary antimicrobials. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use and indications for antimicrobials in companion animals, drug-resistant bacteria of concern among companion animals, risk factors for colonization of companion animals with resistant bacteria and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (bacteria and/or resistance determinants) between animals and humans. The major antimicrobial resistance microbiological hazards originating from companion animals that directly or indirectly may cause adverse health effects in humans are MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, VRE, ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative bacteria. In the face of the previously recognized microbiological hazards, a risk assessment tool could be applied in applications for marketing authorization for medicinal products for companion animals. This would allow the approval of new veterinary medicinal antimicrobials for which risk levels are estimated as acceptable for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Merja Rantala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mateus
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Pyörälä
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Modestas Ružauskas
- Veterinary Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Torren-Edo
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK.,Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Helen Jukes
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone, UK
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Changes in the population structure of canine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Poland. Vet Microbiol 2017; 208:106-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Loiacono M, Martino PA, Albonico F, Dell'Orco F, Ferretti M, Zanzani S, Mortarino M. High-resolution melting analysis of gyrA codon 84 and grlA codon 80 mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine clinical samples. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:711-715. [PMID: 28578596 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717712330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen of dogs and cats. A high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) protocol was designed and tested on 42 clinical isolates with known fluoroquinolone (FQ) susceptibility and gyrA codon 84 and grlA codon 80 mutation status. The HRMA approach was able to discriminate between FQ-sensitive and FQ-resistant strains and confirmed previous reports that the main mutation site associated with FQ resistance in S. pseudintermedius is located at position 251 (Ser84Leu) of gyrA. Routine, HRMA-based FQ susceptibility profiles may be a valuable tool to guide therapy. The FQ resistance-predictive power of the assay should be tested in a significantly larger number of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Loiacono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera A Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Albonico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ferretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Zanzani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mortarino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Schnedeker AH, Cole LK, Lorch G, Diaz SF, Bonagura J, Daniels JB. In vitro
bactericidal activity of blue light (465 nm) phototherapy on meticillin-susceptible and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:463-e106. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Schnedeker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Lynette K. Cole
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sandra F. Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - John Bonagura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Joshua B. Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Zeman M, Mašlaňová I, Indráková A, Šiborová M, Mikulášek K, Bendíčková K, Plevka P, Vrbovská V, Zdráhal Z, Doškař J, Pantůček R. Staphylococcus sciuri bacteriophages double-convert for staphylokinase and phospholipase, mediate interspecies plasmid transduction, and package mecA gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46319. [PMID: 28406168 PMCID: PMC5390265 DOI: 10.1038/srep46319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus sciuri is a bacterial pathogen associated with infections in animals and humans, and represents a reservoir for the mecA gene encoding methicillin-resistance in staphylococci. No S. sciuri siphophages were known. Here the identification and characterization of two temperate S. sciuri phages from the Siphoviridae family designated ϕ575 and ϕ879 are presented. The phages have icosahedral heads and flexible noncontractile tails that end with a tail spike. The genomes of the phages are 42,160 and 41,448 bp long and encode 58 and 55 ORFs, respectively, arranged in functional modules. Their head-tail morphogenesis modules are similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus ϕ13-like serogroup F phages, suggesting their common evolutionary origin. The genome of phage ϕ575 harbours genes for staphylokinase and phospholipase that might enhance the virulence of the bacterial hosts. In addition both of the phages package a homologue of the mecA gene, which is a requirement for its lateral transfer. Phage ϕ879 transduces tetracycline and aminoglycoside pSTS7-like resistance plasmids from its host to other S. sciuri strains and to S. aureus. Furthermore, both of the phages efficiently adsorb to numerous staphylococcal species, indicating that they may contribute to interspecies horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zeman
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Mašlaňová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Indráková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Šiborová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Mikulášek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Bendíčková
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Plevka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Vrbovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Doškař
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yang TY, Hung WW, Lin L, Hung WC, Tseng SP. mecA-related structure in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from street food in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42205. [PMID: 28181543 PMCID: PMC5299846 DOI: 10.1038/srep42205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant patterns, a mecA homologue complex, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) were analysed in samples of ready-to-eat (RTE) street food in Taiwan. RTE food samples (270) were collected in three densely populated Taiwanese cities between June and November 2014. Among 14 strains being identified as methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), genetic diversities was determined by PFGE analysis. SCCmec types IV, V, VIII and TXG-24 were detected in 9, and mecASs (a mecA homologue) detected in 8. The mecASs gene complex from S. sciuri subsp. sciuri TXG-24 was found to be closely related to those found in both S. sciuri subsp. sciuri (ATCC29062) and S. sciuri subsp. rodentium (ATCC700061). SCCmecTXG24 carries a class A mec complex, a ccrA5B3-like gene complex, a heavy metal gene complex, and an IS1216 mobile element carrying tet(S). Matching identity to ccrA5 was 84.5% for ccrA in S. pseudintermedius KM241. Matching identify to ccrB3 was 92.1% for ccrB in S. pseudintermedius AI16. Similar ccrA and SCCmec boundary sequences suggest that SCCmec is easily transmitted to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Based on MRCoNS strains identified in this research, Taiwanese RTE food products likely carry multiple antibiotic resistance genes that can be transmitted to hospitals and other clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Culinary Art, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dmitrenko OA, Balbutskaya AA, Skvortsov VN. Ecological features, pathogenic properties, and role of Staphylococcus intermedius group representatives in animal and human infectious pathology. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416816030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Indráková A, Mašlaňová I, Kováčová V, Doškař J, Pantůček R. The evolutionary pathway of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome element. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Pires Dos Santos T, Damborg P, Moodley A, Guardabassi L. Systematic Review on Global Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Inference of Population Structure from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1599. [PMID: 27803691 PMCID: PMC5067483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and rationale: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a major cause of infections in dogs, also posing a zoonotic risk to humans. This systematic review aimed to determine the global epidemiology of MRSP and provide new insights into the population structure of this important veterinary pathogen. Methodology: Web of Science was searched systematically for articles reporting data on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of S. pseudintermedius isolates from dogs or other animal or human patients and carriers. Data from the eligible studies were then integrated with data from the MLST database for this species. Analysis of MLST data was performed with eBURST and ClonalFrame, and the proportion of MRSP isolates resistant to selected antimicrobial drugs was determined for the most predominant clonal complexes. Results: Fifty-eight studies published over the last 10 years were included in the review. MRSP represented 76% of the 1428 isolates characterized by the current MLST scheme. The population of S. pseudintermedius was highly diverse and included five major MRSP clonal complexes (CCs). CC71, previously described as the epidemic European clone, is now widespread worldwide. In Europe, CC258, which is more frequently susceptible to enrofloxacin and aminoglycosides, and more frequently resistant to sulphonamides/trimethoprim than CC71, is increasingly reported in various countries. CC68, previously described as the epidemic North American clone, is frequently reported in this region but also in Europe, while CC45 (associated with chloramphenicol resistance) and CC112 are prevalent in Asia. It was estimated that clonal diversification in this species is primarily driven by homologous recombination (r/m = 7.52). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that S. pseudintermedius has an epidemic population structure, in which five successful MRSP lineages with specific traits regarding antimicrobial resistance, genetic diversity and geographical distribution have emerged upon a weakly clonal background through acquisition of SCCmec and other mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary MedicineSt Kitts, West Indies
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Kasai T, Saegusa S, Shirai M, Murakami M, Kato Y. New categories designated as healthcare-associated and community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermediusin dogs. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:540-51. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kasai
- Laboratory of Public Health 2
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University; 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
- Kitagawa Veterinary Hospital; 1-39-1 Minamitokiwadai, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 174-0072 Japan
| | - Sanae Saegusa
- Kitagawa Veterinary Hospital; 1-39-1 Minamitokiwadai, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 174-0072 Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University; 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University; 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
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Kizerwetter-Świda M, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Rzewuska M, Binek M. Resistance of canine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains to pradofloxacin. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:514-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716660131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated in vitro activity of a novel veterinary fluoroquinolone, pradofloxacin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates and compared with other fluoroquinolones. A total of 38 MRSP isolates were subjected to agar disk diffusion tests for sensitivity to pradofloxacin, orbifloxacin, marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were determined. Mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase subunit A (GyrA) and topoisomerase IV (GrlA) proteins associated with fluoroquinolone resistance were studied by an analysis of partial sequences of the genes encoding these proteins. Two MRSP isolates were susceptible in disk diffusion and microdilution test to all fluoroquinolones tested, including pradofloxacin. Based on the results of the disk diffusion testing, 33 of 38 isolates showed resistance to pradofloxacin and 3 were intermediate, whereas, by pradofloxacin MIC testing, 35 isolates were classified as resistant and 1 as intermediate. Single alterations in GyrA and GrlA proteins were observed in the 35 resistant isolates and the 1 intermediate isolate (MIC results). These same 36 isolates were also resistant to the other tested fluoroquinolones. The results of the current study showed that MRSP isolates are usually resistant to all fluoroquinolones, including pradofloxacin. Therefore, in routine susceptibility testing to pradofloxacin by disk diffusion, the results should be carefully interpreted for MRSP isolates, especially those resistant to other fluoroquinolones and, in questionable cases, the pradofloxacin MIC should be determined to confirm the susceptibility testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Binek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Ruzauskas M, Couto N, Pavilonis A, Klimiene I, Siugzdiniene R, Virgailis M, Vaskeviciute L, Anskiene L, Pomba C. Characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs in Lithuania. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:7-14. [PMID: 27096782 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for its antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors with a special focus on methicillin-resistant (MRSP) strains isolated from sick dogs in Lithuania. Clinically sick adult dogs suffering from infections (n=214) and bitches with reproductive disorders (n=36) from kennels were selected for the study. Samples (n=192) from the 250 tested (76.8%) dogs were positive for Staphylococcus spp. Molecular profiling using the species-specific nuc gene identified 51 isolates as S. pseudintermedius (26.6% from a total number of isolated staphylococci) of which 15 isolates were identified as MRSP. Ten MRSP isolates were isolated from bitches with reproductive disorders from two large breeding kennels. Data on susceptibility of S. pseudintermedius to different antimicrobials revealed that all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid. Two isolates (3.9%) were resistant to rifampicin. A high resistance was seen towards penicillin G (94.1%), tetracycline (64.7%) and macrolides (68.7%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 25.5% (gatifloxacin) to 31.4% (ciprofloxacin). The most prevalent genes encoding resistance included blaZ, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, mecA, and tet(M). The Luk-I gene encoding a leukotoxin was detected in 29% of the isolates, whereas the siet gene encoding exfoliative toxin was detected in 69% of the S. pseudintermedius isolates. This report of MRSP in companion animals represents a major challenge for veterinarians in terms of antibiotic therapy and is a concern for both animal and public health.
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Searching for Beta-Haemolysin hlb Gene in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius with Species-Specific Primers. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:148-52. [PMID: 27086303 PMCID: PMC4899483 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of 51 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius clinically isolated strains from humans and from animals. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains’ ability to produce β-haemolysin was evaluated with phenotypic methods (hot–cold effect, reverse CAMP test). In order to determine the hlb gene presence (coding for β-haemolysin) in a genomic DNA, PCR reactions were conducted with two different pairs of primers: one described in the literature for Staphylococcus aureus and recommended for analysing SIG group staphylococci and newly designed one in CLC Main Workbench software. Only reactions with newly designed primers resulted in product amplification, the presence of which was fully compatible with the results of phenotypic β-haemolysin test. Negative results for S. aureus and S. intermedius reference ATCC strains suggest that after further analysis the fragment of hlb gene amplified with primers described in this study might be included in the process of S. pseudintermedius strains identification.
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In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates of Human and Animal Origin. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:1391-4. [PMID: 26962087 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00270-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MIC results for 115 Staphylococcus intermedius group isolates are presented. Of these, 33% were methicillin resistant, among which 51.4% were susceptible to doxycycline, 29.7% to clindamycin, and 21.6% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All of the isolates were susceptible to ceftaroline, daptomycin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. Of all the isolates, 82.6%, 67.8%, and 23.5% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and penicillin, respectively. No isolates harbored mupA or qacA/B genes, which suggested a lack of resistance to mupirocin or chlorhexidine.
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Hensel N, Zabel S, Hensel P. Prior antibacterial drug exposure in dogs with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) pyoderma. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:72-8e20. [PMID: 26909526 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) has become a significant animal health problem. Recent studies have indicated that previous antibacterial drug exposure is a factor in acquisition of meticillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with prior antimicrobial drug use and MRSP pyoderma in dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Dogs diagnosed with pyoderma associated with MRSP (n = 53) or meticillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP; n = 45). METHODS The medical records of dogs diagnosed with pyoderma associated with isolation of S. pseudintermedius between January 2006 and November 2012 were reviewed. All cases with a complete twelve month to 3 yr drug history prior to the diagnosis were included. RESULTS Fifty two of 53 (98%) MRSP cases and 42 of 45 (93%) MSSP cases had received at least one course of antibacterial drug prior to diagnosis. The total number of antibacterial drug prescriptions provided to pet owners and the variety of antibacterial drug classes represented were higher for cases with MRSP than for cases with MSSP (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.009, respectively). More cases with MRSP (98%) received beta-lactam drugs than those with MSSP (82%; P = 0.007) and the proportion of MRSP cases that had received concurrent immunomodulatory therapy was higher (62% versus 42%; P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results suggest that the total number of antibacterial drug prescriptions, exposure to multiple drug classes (beta-lactams in particular) and concurrent immunomodulatory therapy may be associated with increased risk for acquisition of MRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hensel
- Tierdermatologie Basel, Emil Frey-Strasse 127, CH-4142, Münchenstein, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Zabel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Patrick Hensel
- Tierdermatologie Basel, Emil Frey-Strasse 127, CH-4142, Münchenstein, Switzerland
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