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Yang J, Chen X, He X, Fang X, Liu S, Zou L, Cao H, Liu J, Zuo J, Yu L, Lu Z. Tanreqing injection demonstrates anti-dengue activity through the regulation of the NF-κB-ICAM-1/VCAM-1 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155764. [PMID: 38797030 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanreqing injection (TRQ) has been employed in clinical practice as a treatment for dengue fever (DF). Nevertheless, the precise pharmacological mechanism underlying its efficacy remains elusive. METHOD Network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptome sequencing, and experimental evaluation were employed to analyze and study the inhibitory potential of TRQ against dengue virus (DENV). RESULT We found that TRQ inhibited the replication of DENV in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Huh-7 cells, and Hep3B cells. In addition, TRQ prolonged the survival duration of AG129 mice infected with DF, decreased the viral load in serum and organs, and alleviated organ damage. Subsequently, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of TRQ was performed to identify 314 targets associated with 36 active compounds present in TRQ. Integration of multiple databases yielded 47 DF-related genes. Then, 15 hub targets of TRQ in DF were determined by calculating the network topology parameters (Degree). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that these pathways were primarily enriched in the processes of cytokine activation and leukocyte cross-endothelial migration, with significant enrichment of cell adhesion molecules. Molecular docking revealed favorable binding affinity between TRQ's key active compounds and the predicted hub targets. Transcriptome sequencing results showed TRQ's ability to restore the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) post-DENV infection. Finally, TRQ was found to modulate the immune status by regulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)- intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/VCAM-1 axis, as well as reduce immune cell alterations, inflammatory factor secretion, vascular permeability, and bleeding tendencies induced by DENV infection. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that TRQ exerts therapeutic effects on DF by regulating the NF-κB-ICAM-1/VCAM-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xuemei He
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Fang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shanhong Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Junshan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Zibin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Kim SH, Españo E, Padasas BT, Son JH, Oh J, Webby RJ, Lee YR, Park CS, Kim JK. Influenza Virus-Derived CD8 T Cell Epitopes: Implications for the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e19. [PMID: 38974213 PMCID: PMC11224667 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus poses a global health burden. Currently, an annual vaccine is used to reduce influenza virus-associated morbidity and mortality. Most influenza vaccines have been developed to elicit neutralizing Abs against influenza virus. These Abs primarily target immunodominant epitopes derived from hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza virus incorporated in vaccines. However, HA and NA are highly variable proteins that are prone to antigenic changes, which can reduce vaccine efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to develop universal vaccines that target immunodominant epitopes derived from conserved regions of the influenza virus, enabling cross-protection among different virus variants. The internal proteins of the influenza virus serve as ideal targets for universal vaccines. These internal proteins are presented by MHC class I molecules on Ag-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, and recognized by CD8 T cells, which elicit CD8 T cell responses, reducing the likelihood of disease and influenza viral spread by inducing virus-infected cell apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the importance of CD8 T cell-mediated immunity against influenza viruses and that of viral epitopes for developing CD8 T cell-based influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Erica Españo
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | | | - Ju-Ho Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jihee Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38195, USA
| | - Young-Ran Lee
- Bio-Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
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Chawla YM, Bajpai P, Saini K, Reddy ES, Patel AK, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Regional Variation of the CD4 and CD8 T Cell Epitopes Conserved in Circulating Dengue Viruses and Shared with Potential Vaccine Candidates. Viruses 2024; 16:730. [PMID: 38793612 PMCID: PMC11126086 DOI: 10.3390/v16050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As dengue expands globally and many vaccines are under trials, there is a growing recognition of the need for assessing T cell immunity in addition to assessing the functions of neutralizing antibodies during these endeavors. While several dengue-specific experimentally validated T cell epitopes are known, less is understood about which of these epitopes are conserved among circulating dengue viruses and also shared by potential vaccine candidates. As India emerges as the epicenter of the dengue disease burden and vaccine trials commence in this region, we have here aligned known dengue specific T cell epitopes, reported from other parts of the world with published polyprotein sequences of 107 dengue virus isolates available from India. Of the 1305 CD4 and 584 CD8 epitopes, we found that 24% and 41%, respectively, were conserved universally, whereas 27% and 13% were absent in any viral isolates. With these data, we catalogued epitopes conserved in circulating dengue viruses from India and matched them with each of the six vaccine candidates under consideration (TV003, TDEN, DPIV, CYD-TDV, DENVax and TVDV). Similar analyses with viruses from Thailand, Brazil and Mexico revealed regional overlaps and variations in these patterns. Thus, our study provides detailed and nuanced insights into regional variation that should be considered for itemization of T cell responses during dengue natural infection and vaccine design, testing and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadya M. Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
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Angkasekwinai N, Suputtamongkol Y, Tantibhedhyangkul W, Onlamoon N, Phoompoung P, Pithukpakorn M, Karuphong E, Pusuwan P, Angkasekwinai P. Efficacy of Bortezomib for Treating Anti-Interferon-Gamma Autoantibody-Associated Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1033-1042. [PMID: 37947190 PMCID: PMC11006116 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no effective treatment for adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies (anti-IFN-γ-auto-Abs). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of bortezomib (BTZ) for decreasing anti-IFN-γ-auto-Abs. METHODS A pre- and post-intervention study was conducted from February 2017 through June 2019 at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). Five patients were invited to receive once-weekly BTZ (1.3 mg/m2 body surface area) subcutaneously for 8 weeks followed by oral cyclophosphamide (1 mg/kg/d) for 4 months. The primary outcomes were the difference in antibody level at 8 and 48 weeks compared with baseline and the incidence of serious adverse events (AEs). The secondary outcome was the occurrence of opportunistic infections (OIs) during the 72 weeks after starting BTZ. RESULTS The median patient age was 46 years (range, 34-53). All patients had 3-5 OIs prior to enrollment. All patients were receiving antimycobacterial agents for treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection at enrollment. There was no significant difference in the mean optical density of auto-Abs at 8 weeks (3.73 ± 0.72) or 48 weeks (3.74 ± 0.53) compared with baseline (3.84 ± 0.49; P = .336 and P = .555, respectively). However, after serum dilution, the antibody titer nonsignificantly decreased 8-16 weeks after BTZ initiation (P = .345). Ten OIs were observed 24-72 weeks after BTZ initiation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with BTZ followed by cyclophosphamide yielded no significant decrease in antibody titer levels, and 10 OIs were observed during 24-72 weeks of BTZ treatment. No serious AEs were observed. Combining rituximab with BTZ is likely necessary to prevent generation of new autoantibody-producing plasma cells. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03103555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasikarn Angkasekwinai
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupin Suputtamongkol
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiwit Tantibhedhyangkul
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Phoompoung
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manop Pithukpakorn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekkapun Karuphong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawana Pusuwan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Guo R, Yang Y, Gu L, Li X, Ma Y, Liu X, Lu L. Disease-associated immune cell endotypes in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis using unbiased hierarchical clustering. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349611. [PMID: 38533498 PMCID: PMC10963492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical and prognostic features of Anti-MDA5-Positive Dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM) are diverse. This study aimed to examine the peripheral immune cell profiles of patients with MDA5+ DM, identify disease endotypes related to the heterogeneous manifestations and prognosis, and guide individualized therapy regimen. Methods This inpatient cohort included 123 patients with MDA5+ DM. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was used to derive disease endotypes from the circulating immune cell profiles on admission. Clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, inpatient treatments, and disease outcomes were then analyzed among the identified endotypes. Results Three disease endotypes in MDA5+ DM were identified from peripheral immune cell profiles. Endotype1 had the highest percentages of CD4+ T cells and monocytes, and the lowest percentage of neutrophils; Endotype2 had the highest percentage of B cells; Endotype3 had the highest percentage of CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Clinical and prognostic heterogeneity of the endotypes were revealed. Endotype1 had the lowest 3-month mortality with the high incidence of periungual capillary changes. Endotype2 and Endotype3 had higher prevalence of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) and mortality at 3 months than Endotype1. Meanwhile, Endotype3 had higher pneumocystis jiroveci and CMV viremia cases with significantly elevated of activated CD8+ T cells and multiple cytokines than Endotype1. Conclusion Clustering analysis of peripheral immune cell profiles identified three different endotypes in MDA5+ dermatomyositis. Endotpye2 and 3 showed higher RPILD, 3-month mortality, pneumocystis jiroveci and CMV viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyangzi Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jordan MB. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A disorder of T cell activation, immune regulation, and distinctive immunopathology. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:339-350. [PMID: 38100247 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a disorder that has been recognized since the middle of the last century. In recent decades, increasing understanding of the genetic roots and pathophysiology of HLH has led to improved diagnosis and treatment of this once universally fatal disorder. HLH is best conceptualized as a maladaptive state of excessive T cell activation driving life-threatening myeloid cell activation, largely via interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In familial forms of HLH (F-HLH), inherited defects of lymphocyte cytotoxic biology underlie excessive T cell activation, demonstrating the importance of the perforin/granzyme pathway as a negative feedback loop limiting acute T cell activation in response to environmental factors. HLH occurring in other contexts and without apparent inherited genetic predisposition remains poorly understood, though it may share some downstream aspects of pathophysiology including excessive IFN-γ action and activation of innate immune effectors. Iatrogenic forms of HLH occurring after immune-activating therapies for cancer are providing new insights into the potential toxicities of inadequately controlled T cell activation. Diagnosing HLH increasingly relies on context-specific measures of T cell activation, IFN-γ activity, and inflammation. Treatment of HLH largely relies on cytotoxic chemotherapy, though targeted therapies against T cells, IFN-γ, and other cytokines are increasingly utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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7
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Orozco RC, Marquardt K, Pratumchai I, Shaikh AF, Mowen K, Domissy A, Teijaro JR, Sherman LA. Autoimmunity-associated allele of tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN22 enhances anti-viral immunity. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012095. [PMID: 38512979 PMCID: PMC10987006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The 1858C>T allele of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 is present in 5-10% of the North American population and is strongly associated with numerous autoimmune diseases. Although research has been done to define how this allele potentiates autoimmunity, the influence PTPN22 and its pro-autoimmune allele has in anti-viral immunity remains poorly defined. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing and functional studies to interrogate the impact of this pro-autoimmune allele on anti-viral immunity during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus clone 13 (LCMV-cl13) infection. Mice homozygous for this allele (PEP-619WW) clear the LCMV-cl13 virus whereas wildtype (PEP-WT) mice cannot. This is associated with enhanced anti-viral CD4 T cell responses and a more immunostimulatory CD8α- cDC phenotype. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that PEP-619WW enhanced anti-viral CD4 T cell function through virus-specific CD4 T cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Taken together, our data show that the pro-autoimmune allele of Ptpn22 drives a beneficial anti-viral immune response thereby preventing what is normally a chronic virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C. Orozco
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Kristi Marquardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Isaraphorn Pratumchai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anam Fatima Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Kerri Mowen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alain Domissy
- Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Sherman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Aggarwal C, Ahmed H, Sharma P, Reddy ES, Nayak K, Singla M, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Panda H, Rai RC, Gunisetty S, Priyamvada L, Bhaumik SK, Ahamed SF, Vivek R, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Kaur M, Dixit K, Kumar S, Gottimukkala K, Saini K, Bajpai P, Sreekanth GP, Mammen S, Rajan A, Verghese VP, Abraham AM, Shah P, Alagarasu K, Yu T, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Ansari A, Antia R, Kabra SK, Medigeshi GR, Ahmed R, Lodha R, Shet A, Chandele A, Murali-Krishna K. Severe disease during both primary and secondary dengue virus infections in pediatric populations. Nat Med 2024; 30:670-674. [PMID: 38321219 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dengue is a global epidemic causing over 100 million cases annually. The clinical symptoms range from mild fever to severe hemorrhage and shock, including some fatalities. The current paradigm is that these severe dengue cases occur mostly during secondary infections due to antibody-dependent enhancement after infection with a different dengue virus serotype. India has the highest dengue burden worldwide, but little is known about disease severity and its association with primary and secondary dengue infections. To address this issue, we examined 619 children with febrile dengue-confirmed infection from three hospitals in different regions of India. We classified primary and secondary infections based on IgM:IgG ratios using a dengue-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the World Health Organization guidelines. We found that primary dengue infections accounted for more than half of total clinical cases (344 of 619), severe dengue cases (112 of 202) and fatalities (5 of 7). Consistent with the classification based on binding antibody data, dengue neutralizing antibody titers were also significantly lower in primary infections compared to secondary infections (P ≤ 0.0001). Our findings question the currently widely held belief that severe dengue is associated predominantly with secondary infections and emphasizes the importance of developing vaccines or treatments to protect dengue-naive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Singla
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M Chawla
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lalita Priyamvada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Syed Fazil Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rosario Vivek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences & Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- TERI school of advanced studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Gottimukkala
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Mammen
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Anand Rajan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Valsan Philip Verghese
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Asha Mary Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Paresh Shah
- Department of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- Department of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aftab Ansari
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anita Shet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
- International Vaccine Access Centre, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Jordan MB. Here be dragons: A universal profile of recent T-cell (hyper)activation? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:98-99. [PMID: 37992818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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10
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Lanz AL, Erdem S, Ozcan A, Ceylaner G, Cansever M, Ceylaner S, Conca R, Magg T, Acuto O, Latour S, Klein C, Patiroglu T, Unal E, Eken A, Hauck F. A Novel Biallelic LCK Variant Resulting in Profound T-Cell Immune Deficiency and Review of the Literature. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:1. [PMID: 38100037 PMCID: PMC10724324 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) is an SRC-family kinase critical for initiation and propagation of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling through phosphorylation of TCR-associated CD3 chains and recruited downstream molecules. Until now, only one case of profound T-cell immune deficiency with complete LCK deficiency [1] caused by a biallelic missense mutation (c.1022T>C, p.L341P) and three cases of incomplete LCK deficiency [2] caused by a biallelic splice site mutation (c.188-2A>G) have been described. Additionally, deregulated LCK expression has been associated with genetically undefined immune deficiencies and hematological malignancies. Here, we describe the second case of complete LCK deficiency in a 6-month-old girl born to consanguineous parents presenting with profound T-cell immune deficiency. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel pathogenic biallelic missense mutation in LCK (c.1393T>C, p.C465R), which led to the absence of LCK protein expression and phosphorylation, and a consecutive decrease in proximal TCR signaling. Loss of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ αβT-cells and homeostatic T-cell expansion was accompanied by increased γδT-cell and Treg percentages. Surface CD4 and CD8 co-receptor expression was reduced in the patient T-cells, while the heterozygous mother had impaired CD4 and CD8 surface expression to a lesser extent. We conclude that complete LCK deficiency is characterized by profound T-cell immune deficiency, reduced CD4 and CD8 surface expression, and a characteristic TCR signaling disorder. CD4 and CD8 surface expression may be of value for early detection of mono- and/or biallelic LCK deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Lanz
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Serife Erdem
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alper Ozcan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Cansever
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Raffaele Conca
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Oreste Acuto
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX2 3RE, UK
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Klein
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Turkan Patiroglu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Unal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Intergen, Ankara, Turkey
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Point Hospital, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gevher Nesibe Genome and Stem Cell Institute, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Centre for Rare Diseases (M-ZSELMU), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Singh P, Bajpai P, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Saini K, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Nayak K, Gunisetty S, Aggarwal C, Jain S, Verma C, Singla P, Soneja M, Wig N, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Functional and transcriptional heterogeneity within the massively expanding HLADR +CD38 + CD8 T cell population in acute febrile dengue patients. J Virol 2023; 97:e0074623. [PMID: 37855600 PMCID: PMC10688317 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00746-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE CD8 T cells play a crucial role in protecting against intracellular pathogens such as viruses by eliminating infected cells and releasing anti-viral cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ). Consequently, there is significant interest in comprehensively characterizing CD8 T cell responses in acute dengue febrile patients. Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that a discrete population of CD8 T cells with HLADR+ CD38+ phenotype undergoes massive expansion during the acute febrile phase of natural dengue virus infection. Although about a third of these massively expanding HLADR+ CD38+ CD8 T cells were also CD69high when examined ex vivo, only a small fraction of them produced IFNγ upon in vitro peptide stimulation. Therefore, to better understand such functional diversity of CD8 T cells responding to dengue virus infection, it is important to know the cytokines/chemokines expressed by these peptide-stimulated HLADR+CD38+ CD8 T cells and the transcriptional profiles that distinguish the CD69+IFNγ+, CD69+IFNγ-, and CD69-IFNγ- subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M. Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chaitanya Verma
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Paras Singla
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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12
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DeRogatis JM, Neubert EN, Viramontes KM, Henriquez ML, Nicholas DA, Tinoco R. Cell-Intrinsic CD38 Expression Sustains Exhausted CD8 + T Cells by Regulating Their Survival and Metabolism during Chronic Viral Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0022523. [PMID: 37039663 PMCID: PMC10134879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic viral infections result in the differentiation of effector and exhausted T cells with functional and phenotypic differences that dictate whether the infection is cleared or progresses to chronicity. High CD38 expression has been observed on CD8+ T cells across various viral infections and tumors in patients, suggesting an important regulatory function for CD38 on responding T cells. Here, we show that CD38 expression was increased and sustained on exhausted CD8+ T cells following chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, with lower levels observed on T cells from acute LCMV infection. We uncovered a cell-intrinsic role for CD38 expression in regulating the survival of effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells. We observed increased proliferation and function of Cd38-/- CD8+ progenitor exhausted T cells compared to those of wild-type (WT) cells. Furthermore, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic potential were observed in Cd38-/- CD8+ T cells during chronic but not acute LCMV infection. Our studies reveal that CD38 has a dual cell-intrinsic function in CD8+ T cells, where it decreases proliferation and function yet supports their survival and metabolism. These findings show that CD38 is not only a marker of T cell activation but also has regulatory functions on effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells. IMPORTANCE Our study shows how CD38 expression is regulated on CD8+ T cells responding during acute and chronic viral infection. We observed higher CD38 levels on CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infection compared to levels during acute viral infection. Deleting CD38 had an important cell-intrinsic function in ensuring the survival of virus-specific CD8+ T cells throughout the course of viral infection. We found defective metabolism in Cd38-/- CD8+ T cells arising during chronic infection and changes in their progenitor T cell phenotype. Our studies revealed a dual cell-intrinsic role for CD38 in limiting proliferation and granzyme B production in virus-specific exhausted T cells while also promoting their survival. These data highlight new avenues for research into the mechanisms through which CD38 regulates the survival and metabolism of CD8+ T cell responses to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. DeRogatis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Emily N. Neubert
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Karla M. Viramontes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Monique L. Henriquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dequina A. Nicholas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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13
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Lin Y, Shen G, Xie S, Bi X, Lu H, Yang L, Jiang T, Deng W, Wang S, Zhang L, Lu Y, Gao Y, Hao H, Wu S, Liu R, Chang M, Xu M, Hu L, Chen X, Huang R, Li M, Xie Y. Dynamic changes of the proportion of HLA-DR and CD38 coexpression subsets on T lymphocytes during IFN-based chronic hepatitis B treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1116160. [PMID: 36761161 PMCID: PMC9902929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the changes of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and CD38 coexpression subsets on T lymphocytes following interferon (IFN) therapy for those who have chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods A prospective cohort of CHB patients participated in this study. CHB patients without IFN treatment (including naïve and nucleoside [nucleotide] analogs [NAs]-treated patients) were given pegylated interferon alfa (Peg-IFNα) treatment. Peripheral blood samples were taken at baseline, 4 weeks and 12-24 weeks of Peg-IFNα treatment. For the patients who entered the Peg-IFNα plateau phase due to the stagnation of the decrease in HBsAg, and Peg-IFNα was discontinued and Peg-IFNα therapy was resumed after an interval of 12-24 weeks. During the interval, they received first-line NAs treatment. Peripheral blood samples were collected at the baseline of the plateau phase, 12-24 weeks of intermittent treatment, and 12-24 weeks of Peg-IFNα retreatment. The peripheral blood samples were taken to determine virological, serological and biochemical indices of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and T lymphocyte related phenotypes were detected using flow cytometry. Results In the process of long-term treatment of Peg-IFNα, the percentage of HLA-DR+CD38dim subsets increased significantly at first, then decreased gradually, while the percentage of HLA-DR+CD38hi subsets markedly increased. During long-term Peg-IFNα treatment, there was a considerable negative correlation between HBsAg and the HLA-DR+CD38hi subset percentage. The persistent high proportion of HLA-DR+CD38hi subsets was related to the occurrence of Peg-IFNα plateau phase. After Peg-IFNα intermittent treatment, the percentage of HLA-DR+CD38hi subsets decreased significantly. After Peg-IFNα retreatment, the level of HBsAg began to decrease again. At the same time, the percentage of HLA-DR+CD38hi subsets significantly increased, but it was still lower than that at the baseline level. Conclusions The spectrum of HLA-DR and CD38 coexpression subsets on T lymphocytes changed during the long-term treatment of IFN. The establishment of the IFN plateau phase was linked to the persistence of a considerable proportion of HLA-DR+CD38hi subsets on T lymphocytes. IFN intermittent treatment could significantly reduce the proportion of HLA-DR+CD38hi subsets, helping regain the antiviral efficacy of IFN during IFN retreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Shen
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Xie
- Division of Hepatology, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjiao Gao
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiao Hao
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Wu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Liu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Leiping Hu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ronghai Huang, ; Minghui Li, ; Yao Xie,
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ronghai Huang, ; Minghui Li, ; Yao Xie,
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ronghai Huang, ; Minghui Li, ; Yao Xie,
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14
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Arish M, Qian W, Narasimhan H, Sun J. COVID-19 immunopathology: From acute diseases to chronic sequelae. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28122. [PMID: 36056655 PMCID: PMC9537925 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly targets the lung as a primary affected organ, which is also a critical site of immune cell activation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, recent reports also suggest the involvement of extrapulmonary tissues in COVID-19 pathology. The interplay of both innate and adaptive immune responses is key to COVID-19 management. As a result, a robust innate immune response provides the first line of defense, concomitantly, adaptive immunity neutralizes the infection and builds memory for long-term protection. However, dysregulated immunity, both innate and adaptive, can skew towards immunopathology both in acute and chronic cases. Here we have summarized some of the recent findings that provide critical insight into the immunopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2, in acute and post-acute cases. Finally, we further discuss some of the immunomodulatory drugs in preclinical and clinical trials for dampening the immunopathology caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Harish Narasimhan
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,corresponding author.
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15
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Tamura T, Zhang J, Madan V, Biswas A, Schwoerer MP, Cafiero TR, Heller BL, Wang W, Ploss A. Generation and characterization of genetically and antigenically diverse infectious clones of dengue virus serotypes 1-4. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:227-239. [PMID: 34931940 PMCID: PMC8745371 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2021808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is caused by four genetically distinct viral serotypes, dengue virus (DENV) 1-4. Following transmission by Aedes mosquitoes, DENV can cause a broad spectrum of clinically apparent disease ranging from febrile illness to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Progress in the understanding of different dengue serotypes and their impacts on specific host-virus interactions has been hampered by the scarcity of tools that adequately reflect their antigenic and genetic diversity. To bridge this gap, we created and characterized infectious clones of DENV1-4 originating from South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Analysis of whole viral genome sequences of five DENV isolates from each of the four serotypes confirmed their broad genetic and antigenic diversity. Using a modified circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER), we generated de novo viruses from these isolates. The resultant clones replicated robustly in human and insect cells at levels similar to those of the parental strains. To investigate in vivo properties of these genetically diverse isolates, representative viruses from each DENV serotype were administered to NOD Rag1-/-, IL2rgnull Flk2-/- (NRGF) mice, engrafted with components of a human immune system. All DENV strains tested resulted in viremia in humanized mice and induced cellular and IgM immune responses. Collectively, we describe here a workflow for rapidly generating de novo infectious clones of DENV - and conceivably other RNA viruses. The infectious clones described here are a valuable resource for reverse genetic studies and for characterizing host responses to DENV in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Vrinda Madan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Brigitte L Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Carl Icahn Laboratory, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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16
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Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112575. [PMID: 36423184 PMCID: PMC9699586 DOI: 10.3390/v14112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the major public health concerns around the globe, especially in the tropical regions of the world that contribute to 75% percent of dengue cases. While the majority of DENV infections are mild or asymptomatic, approximately 5% of the cases develop a severe form of the disease that is mainly attributed to sequential infection with different DENV serotypes. The severity of dengue depends on many immunopathogenic mechanisms involving both viral and host factors. Emerging evidence implicates an impaired immune response as contributing to disease progression and severity by restricting viral clearance and inducing severe inflammation, subsequently leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Moreover, the ability of DENV to infect a wide variety of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and T and B cells, further dysregulates the antiviral functions of these cells, resulting in viral dissemination. Although several risk factors associated with disease progression have been proposed, gaps persist in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and further investigations are warranted. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms of DENV-mediated immunopathogenesis and its association with disease progression and severity.
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17
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HLH: birds of a feather flock together. Blood 2022; 140:167-168. [PMID: 35862094 PMCID: PMC9305086 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Malavige GN, Jeewandara C, Ogg GS. Dengue and COVID-19: two sides of the same coin. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:48. [PMID: 35786403 PMCID: PMC9251039 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries in Asia and Latin America are currently facing a double burden of outbreaks due to dengue and COVID-19. Here we discuss the similarities and differences between the two infections so that lessons learnt so far from studying both infections will be helpful in further understanding their immunopathogenesis and to develop therapeutic interventions. MAIN BODY Although the entry routes of the SARS-CoV-2 and the dengue virus (DENV) are different, both infections result in a systemic infection, with some similar clinical presentations such as fever, headache, myalgia and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, while dengue is usually associated with a tendency to bleed, development of micro and macrothrombi is a hallmark of severe COVID-19. Apart from the initial similarities in the clinical presentation, there are further similarities between such as risk factors for development of severe illness, cytokine storms, endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ failure. Both infections are characterised by a delayed and impaired type I IFN response and a proinflammatory immune response. Furthermore, while high levels of potent neutralising antibodies are associated with protection, poorly neutralising and cross-reactive antibodies have been proposed to lead to immunopathology by different mechanisms, associated with an exaggerated plasmablast response. The virus specific T cell responses are also shown to be delayed in those who develop severe illness, while varying degrees of endothelial dysfunction leads to increased vascular permeability and coagulation abnormalities. CONCLUSION While there are many similarities between dengue and SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are also key differences especially in long-term disease sequelae. Therefore, it would be important to study the parallels between the immunopathogenesis of both infections for development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. .,MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Graham S Ogg
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.,MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Dey L, Mukhopadhyay A. Compact Genetic Algorithm-Based Feature Selection for Sequence-Based Prediction of Dengue-Human Protein Interactions. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:2137-2148. [PMID: 33729946 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3066597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue Virus (DENV) infection is one of the rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infections in humans. Every year, around 50 million people get affected by DENV infection, resulting in 20,000 deaths. Despite the recent experiments focusing on dengue infection to understand its functionality in the human body, several functionally important DENV-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have remained unrecognized. This article presents a model for predicting new DENV-human PPIs by combining different sequence-based features of human and dengue proteins like the amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, conjoint triad, pseudo amino acid composition, and pairwise sequence similarity between dengue and human proteins. A Learning vector quantization (LVQ)-based Compact Genetic Algorithm (CGA) model is proposed for feature subset selection. CGA is a probabilistic technique that simulates the behavior of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with lesser memory and time requirements. Prediction of DENV-human PPIs is performed by the weighted Random Forest (RF) technique as it is found to perform better than other classifiers. We have predicted 1013 PPIs between 335 human proteins and 10 dengue proteins. All predicted interactions are validated by literature filtering, GO-based assessment, and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis. This study will encourage the identification of potential targets for more effective anti-dengue drug discovery.
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20
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McCarthy EE, Odorizzi PM, Lutz E, Smullin CP, Tenvooren I, Stone M, Simmons G, Hunt PW, Feeney ME, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Spitzer MH, Rutishauser RL. A cytotoxic-skewed immune set point predicts low neutralizing antibody levels after Zika virus infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110815. [PMID: 35584677 PMCID: PMC9151348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although generating high neutralizing antibody levels is a key component of protective immunity after acute viral infection or vaccination, little is known about why some individuals generate high versus low neutralizing antibody titers. Here, we leverage the high-dimensional single-cell profiling capacity of mass cytometry to characterize the longitudinal cellular immune response to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in viremic blood donors in Puerto Rico. During acute ZIKV infection, we identify widely coordinated responses across innate and adaptive immune cell lineages. High frequencies of multiple activated cell types during acute infection are associated with high titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-infection, while stable immune features suggesting a cytotoxic-skewed immune set point are associated with low titers. Our study offers insight into the coordination of immune responses and identifies candidate cellular biomarkers that may offer predictive value in vaccine efficacy trials aimed at inducing high levels of antiviral neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E McCarthy
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Emma Lutz
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Carolyn P Smullin
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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21
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Transcriptomics of Acute DENV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Does Not Support Qualitative Differences as Drivers of Disease Severity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040612. [PMID: 35455361 PMCID: PMC9029181 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While several lines of evidence suggest a protective role of T cells against disease associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection, their potential contribution to immunopathology in the acute phase of DENV infection remains controversial, and it has been hypothesized that the more severe form of the disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) is associated with altered T cell responses. To address this question, we determined the transcriptomic profiles of DENV-specific CD8+ T cells in a cohort of 40 hospitalized dengue patients with either a milder form of the disease (dengue fever, DF) or a more severe disease form (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF). We found multiple transcriptomic signatures, one associated with DENV-specific interferon-gamma responding cells and two other gene signatures, one specifically associated with the acute phase and the other with the early convalescent phase. Additionally, we found no differences in quantity and quality of DENV-specific CD8+ T cells based on disease severity. Taken together with previous findings that did not detect altered DENV-specific CD4 T cell responses, the current analysis argues against alteration in DENV-specific T cell responses as being a correlate of immunopathology.
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22
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Low Activation of CD8+ T Cells in response to Viral Peptides in Mexican Patients with Severe Dengue. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9967594. [PMID: 35372587 PMCID: PMC8975689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9967594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is acknowledged that antiviral immune response contributes to dengue immunopathogenesis. To identify immunological markers that distinguish dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 113 patients with confirmed dengue infection were analyzed at 6 or 7 days after fever onset. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated, lymphocyte subsets and activation biomarkers were identified by flow cytometry, and differentiation of T helper (Th) lymphocytes was achieved by the relative expression analysis of T-bet (Th1), GATA-3 (Th2), ROR-γ (Th17), and FOXP-3 (T regulatory) transcription factors quantified by real-time PCR. CD8+, CD40L+, and CD45+ cells show higher numbers in DF compared to DHF patients, whereas CD4+, CD19+, and CD25+ cells show higher numbers in DHF than DF patients. High expression of GATA-3 accompanied by low expression of T-bet indicates predominance of Th2 response. In addition, higher expression of FOXP-3 and reduced functional cytotoxic T cells (CD8+perforin+) were observed in DHF patients. In further experiments, PBMC were stimulated ex vivo with dengue virus E, NS3, NS4, and NS5 peptides, and proliferating T cell subsets were determined. Lower proliferative responses to NS3 and NS4 peptides and reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were observed in DHF patients. Our results suggest that immune response to dengue is dysregulated with predominance of CD4+ T cells, low activation of Th1 cells, and downregulation of the antiviral cytotoxic activity during severe dengue, likely induced by regulatory T cells.
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23
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Bobcakova A, Barnova M, Vysehradsky R, Petriskova J, Kocan I, Diamant Z, Jesenak M. Activated CD8+CD38+ Cells Are Associated With Worse Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861666. [PMID: 35392095 PMCID: PMC8982066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that spread around the world during the past 2 years, has infected more than 260 million people worldwide and has imposed an important burden on the healthcare system. Several risk factors associated with unfavorable outcome were identified, including elderly age, selected comorbidities, immune suppression as well as laboratory markers. The role of immune system in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is indisputable: while an appropriate function of the immune system is important for a rapid clearance of the virus, progression to the severe and critical phases of the disease is related to an exaggerated immune response associated with a cytokine storm. We analyzed differences and longitudinal changes in selected immune parameters in 823 adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia. Examined parameters included the differential blood cell counts, various parameters of cellular and humoral immunity (serum concentration of immunoglobulins, C4 and C3), lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, NK cells, CD4+CD45RO+), expression of activation (HLA-DR, CD38) and inhibition markers (CD159/NKG2A). Besides already known changes in the differential blood cell counts and basic lymphocyte subsets, we found significantly higher proportion of CD8+CD38+ cells and significantly lower proportion of CD8+NKG2A+ and NK NKG2A+ cells on admission in non-survivors, compared to survivors; recovery in survivors was associated with a significant increase in the expression of HLA-DR and with a significant decrease of the proportion of CD8+CD38+cells. Furthermore, patients with fatal outcome had significantly lower concentrations of C3 and IgM on admission. However, none of the examined parameters had sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be considered a biomarker of fatal outcome. Understanding the dynamic changes in immune profile of COVID-19 patients may help us to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease, potentially improve management of hospitalized patients and enable proper timing and selection of immunomodulator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bobcakova
- Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martina Barnova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Milos Jesenak, ; Martina Barnova,
| | - Robert Vysehradsky
- Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jela Petriskova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Kocan
- Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
- Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Clinic of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Milos Jesenak, ; Martina Barnova,
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24
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Single-cell Temporal Analysis of Natural Dengue Infection Reveals Skin-Homing Lymphocyte Expansion One Day before Defervescence. iScience 2022; 25:104034. [PMID: 35345453 PMCID: PMC8957021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective clinical management of acute dengue virus (DENV) infection relies on the timing of suitable treatments during the disease progression. We analyzed single-cell transcriptomic profiles of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from two DENV patients, collected daily during acute phase and also at convalescence. Key immune cell types demonstrated different dynamic responses over the course of the infection. On the day before defervescence (Day −1), we observed the peak expression of several prominent genes in the adaptive immunological pathways. We also characterized unique effector T cell clusters that expressed skin-homing signature genes at Day −1, whereas upregulation of skin and gut homing genes was also observed in plasma cells and plasmablasts during the febrile period. This work provides an overview of unique molecular dynamics that signify the entry of the critical phase, and the findings could improve the patient management of DENV infection. Time-course scRNA-seq reveals immune response dynamics during acute dengue infection Rapid transcriptional switching was observed one day before fever subsided (Day -1) Skin-homing signatures were observed in specific T cells during the febrile phase Expansion of skin-homing CD69+ PD-1+ T cells at Day -1 was confirmed with FACS
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25
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Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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26
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Tang G, Ouyang R, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Yin B, Huang J, Wei W, Huang M, Wang F, Wu S, Hou H. HLA-DR Expression Level in CD8 + T Cells Correlates With the Severity of Children With Acute Infectious Mononucleosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753290. [PMID: 34804038 PMCID: PMC8596082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the host immune signatures associated with EBV infection and its clinical value in indicating the severity of children with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM). Methods Twenty-eight pediatric patients with IM aged 3–8 years were enrolled. The immune phenotypes and cytokine secretion capability of T cells were detected. Results The percentages and absolute numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in IM patients compared with HCs. The percentages of Naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were decreased but with increased percentages of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T subsets. Our results showed the upregulation of active marker HLA-DR, TCR-αβ, and inhibitory receptors PD-1, TIGIT in CD8+ T cells from IM patients, which suggested that effective cytotoxic T cells were highly against EBV infection. However, EBV exposure impaired the cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) secretion capability of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after stimulation with PMA/ionomycin in vitro. Multivariate analysis revealed that the percentage of HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells was an independent prognostic marker for IM. The percentage of HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells was significantly correlated with high viral load and abnormal liver function results. Conclusion Robust expansion and upregulation of HLA-DR in CD8+ T cells, accompanied with impaired cytokine secretion, were typical characteristics of children with acute IM. The percentage of HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells might be used as a prominent marker not only for the early diagnosis but also for indicating the severity of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxing Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renren Ouyang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Botao Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Du J, Wei L, Li G, Hua M, Sun Y, Wang D, Han K, Yan Y, Song C, Song R, Zhang H, Han J, Liu J, Kong Y. Persistent High Percentage of HLA-DR +CD38 high CD8 + T Cells Associated With Immune Disorder and Disease Severity of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735125. [PMID: 34567001 PMCID: PMC8458852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a worldwide public health crisis and caused more than 100,000,000 severe cases. Progressive lymphopenia, especially in T cells, was a prominent clinical feature of severe COVID-19. Activated HLA-DR+CD38+ CD8+ T cells were enriched over a prolonged period from the lymphopenia patients who died from Ebola and influenza infection and in severe patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the CD38+HLA-DR+ CD8+ T population was reported to play contradictory roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods A total of 42 COVID-19 patients, including 32 mild or moderate and 10 severe or critical cases, who received care at Beijing Ditan Hospital were recruited into this retrospective study. Blood samples were first collected within 3 days of the hospital admission and once every 3-7 days during hospitalization. The longitudinal flow cytometric data were examined during hospitalization. Moreover, we evaluated serum levels of 45 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors and 14 soluble checkpoints using Luminex multiplex assay longitudinally. Results We revealed that the HLA-DR+CD38+ CD8+ T population was heterogeneous, and could be divided into two subsets with distinct characteristics: HLA-DR+CD38dim and HLA-DR+CD38hi. We observed a persistent accumulation of HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells in severe COVID-19 patients. These HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells were in a state of overactivation and consequent dysregulation manifested by expression of multiple inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoints, higher apoptotic sensitivity, impaired killing potential, and more exhausted transcriptional regulation compared to HLA-DR+CD38dim CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the clinical and laboratory data supported that only HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells were associated with systemic inflammation, tissue injury, and immune disorders of severe COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Our findings indicated that HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells were correlated with disease severity of COVID-19 rather than HLA-DR+CD38dim population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Wei
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Intensive Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Intensive Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jia X, Chua BY, Loh L, Koutsakos M, Kedzierski L, Olshansky M, Heath WR, Chang SY, Xu J, Wang Z, Kedzierska K. High expression of CD38 and MHC class II on CD8 + T cells during severe influenza disease reflects bystander activation and trogocytosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1336. [PMID: 34522380 PMCID: PMC8426257 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although co‐expression of CD38 and HLA‐DR reflects T‐cell activation during viral infections, high and prolonged CD38+HLA‐DR+ expression is associated with severe disease. To date, the mechanism underpinning expression of CD38+HLA‐DR+ is poorly understood. Methods We used mouse models of influenza A/H9N2, A/H7N9 and A/H3N2 infection to investigate mechanisms underpinning CD38+MHC‐II+ phenotype on CD8+ T cells. To further understand MHC‐II trogocytosis on murine CD8+ T cells as well as the significance behind the scenario, we used adoptively transferred transgenic OT‐I CD8+ T cells and A/H3N2‐SIINKEKL infection. Results Analysis of influenza‐specific immunodominant DbNP366+CD8+ T‐cell responses showed that CD38+MHC‐II+ co‐expression was detected on both virus‐specific and bystander CD8+ T cells, with increased numbers of both CD38+MHC‐II+CD8+ T‐cell populations observed in immune organs including the site of infection during severe viral challenge. OT‐I cells adoptively transferred into MHC‐II−/− mice had no MHC‐II after infection, suggesting that MHC‐II was acquired via trogocytosis. The detection of CD19 on CD38+MHC‐II+ OT‐I cells supports the proposition that MHC‐II was acquired by trogocytosis sourced from B cells. Co‐expression of CD38+MHC‐II+ on CD8+ T cells was needed for optimal recall following secondary infection. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrates that both virus‐specific and bystander CD38+MHC‐II+ CD8+ T cells are recruited to the site of infection during severe disease, and that MHC‐II presence occurs via trogocytosis from antigen‐presenting cells. Our findings highlight the importance of the CD38+MHC‐II+ phenotype for CD8+ T‐cell recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Department of Microbiology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - So Young Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
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Identification of potential biomarkers in dengue via integrated bioinformatic analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009633. [PMID: 34347790 PMCID: PMC8336846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever virus (DENV) is a global health threat that is becoming increasingly critical. However, the pathogenesis of dengue has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we employed bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers related to dengue fever and clarify their underlying mechanisms. The results showed that there were 668, 1901, and 8283 differentially expressed genes between the dengue-infected samples and normal samples in the GSE28405, GSE38246, and GSE51808 datasets, respectively. Through overlapping, a total of 69 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 51 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. We identified twelve hub genes, including MX1, IFI44L, IFI44, IFI27, ISG15, STAT1, IFI35, OAS3, OAS2, OAS1, IFI6, and USP18. Except for IFI44 and STAT1, the others were statistically significant after validation. We predicted the related microRNAs (miRNAs) of these 12 target genes through the database miRTarBase, and finally obtained one important miRNA: has-mir-146a-5p. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to gain insight into the actions of DEGs. In conclusion, our study displayed the effectiveness of bioinformatics analysis methods in screening potential pathogenic genes in dengue fever and their underlying mechanisms. Further, we successfully predicted IFI44L and IFI6, as potential biomarkers with DENV infection, providing promising targets for the treatment of dengue fever to a certain extent. Dengue fever is a mosquito borne viral disease caused by a single stranded RNA virus with four serotypes. DENV infection can cause various diseases, such as breakbone fever, haemorrhagic fever, and shock syndrome. As one of the most viral diseases leading to incidence rate and mortality in animal arthropods, Dengue fever has become an increasingly serious global health threat. However, the pathogenesis of dengue fever has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers associated with dengue fever and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we predicted that IFI44L and IFI6 might be potential biomarkers of DENV infection. This finding provides a promising target for the treatment of dengue fever to a certain extent. In addition, the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were implemented to analyze the key differentially expressed genes after DENV infection, and the related mechanisms were illuminated by this study.
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Zheng W, Wu H, Liu C, Yan Q, Wang T, Wu P, Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhan S. Identification of COVID-19 and Dengue Host Factor Interaction Networks Based on Integrative Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707287. [PMID: 34394108 PMCID: PMC8356054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an international public health crisis, and the number of cases with dengue co-infection has raised concerns. Unfortunately, treatment options are currently limited or even unavailable. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the underlying mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets for co-infection. Methods To further understand the mechanisms underlying co-infection, we used a series of bioinformatics analyses to build host factor interaction networks and elucidate biological process and molecular function categories, pathway activity, tissue-specific enrichment, and potential therapeutic agents. Results We explored the pathologic mechanisms of COVID-19 and dengue co-infection, including predisposing genes, significant pathways, biological functions, and possible drugs for intervention. In total, 460 shared host factors were collected; among them, CCL4 and AhR targets were important. To further analyze biological functions, we created a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and performed Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis. In addition, common signaling pathways were acquired, and the toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways exerted a significant effect on the interaction. Upregulated genes were identified based on the activity score of dysregulated genes, such as IL-1, Hippo, and TNF-α. We also conducted tissue-specific enrichment analysis and found ICAM-1 and CCL2 to be highly expressed in the lung. Finally, candidate drugs were screened, including resveratrol, genistein, and dexamethasone. Conclusions This study probes host factor interaction networks for COVID-19 and dengue and provides potential drugs for clinical practice. Although the findings need to be verified, they contribute to the treatment of co-infection and the management of respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Tippalagama R, Singhania A, Dubelko P, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Crinklaw A, Pomaznoy M, Seumois G, deSilva AD, Premawansa S, Vidanagama D, Gunasena B, Goonawardhana NDS, Ariyaratne D, Scriba TJ, Gilman RH, Saito M, Taplitz R, Vijayanand P, Sette A, Peters B, Burel JG. HLA-DR Marks Recently Divided Antigen-Specific Effector CD4 T Cells in Active Tuberculosis Patients. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:523-533. [PMID: 34193602 PMCID: PMC8516689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon Ag encounter, T cells can rapidly divide and form an effector population, which plays an important role in fighting acute infections. In humans, little is known about the molecular markers that distinguish such effector cells from other T cell populations. To address this, we investigated the molecular profile of T cells present in individuals with active tuberculosis (ATB), where we expect Ag encounter and expansion of effector cells to occur at higher frequency in contrast to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-sensitized healthy IGRA+ individuals. We found that the frequency of HLA-DR+ cells was increased in circulating CD4 T cells of ATB patients, and was dominantly expressed in M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells. We tested and confirmed that HLA-DR is a marker of recently divided CD4 T cells upon M. tuberculosis Ag exposure using an in vitro model examining the response of resting memory T cells from healthy IGRA+ to Ags. Thus, HLA-DR marks a CD4 T cell population that can be directly detected ex vivo in human peripheral blood, whose frequency is increased during ATB disease and contains recently divided Ag-specific effector T cells. These findings will facilitate the monitoring and study of disease-specific effector T cell responses in the context of ATB and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Tippalagama
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Akul Singhania
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paige Dubelko
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Austin Crinklaw
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aruna D deSilva
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Dinuka Ariyaratne
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; and
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Julie G Burel
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
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32
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Pradeep SP, Hoovina Venkatesh P, Manchala NR, Vayal Veedu A, Basavaraju RK, Selvasundari L, Ramakrishna M, Chandrakiran Y, Krishnamurthy V, Holigi S, Thomas T, Ross CR, Dias M, Satchidanandam V. Innate Immune Cytokine Profiling and Biomarker Identification for Outcome in Dengue Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677874. [PMID: 34335578 PMCID: PMC8318829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early biomarkers of progression to severe dengue are urgently required to enable effective patient management and control treatment costs. Innate immune cells, which comprise the earliest responders to infection and along with the cytokines and chemokines they secrete, play a vital role in orchestrating the subsequent adaptive immune response and have been implicated in the enhancement of infection and “cytokine storm” associated with dengue severity. We investigated the early innate immune cytokine profile of dengue patients during acute phase of disease in a prospective blinded study that included subjects with acute dengue and febrile controls from four major hospitals in Bengaluru, India along with healthy controls. We used intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry to identify innate immune biomarkers that can predict progression to severe dengue. Results Dengue infection resulted in enhanced secretion of multiple cytokines by all queried innate immune cell subsets, dominated by TNF-α from CD56+CD3+ NKT cells, monocyte subsets, and granulocytes along with IFN-γ from CD56+CD3+ NKT cells. Of note, significantly higher proportions of TNF-α secreting granulocytes and monocyte subsets at admission were associated with mild dengue and minimal symptoms. Dengue NS1 antigenemia used as a surrogate of viral load directly correlated with proportion of cytokine-secreting innate immune cells and was significantly higher in those who went on to recover with minimal symptoms. In patients with secondary dengue or those with bleeding or elevated liver enzymes who revealed predisposition to severe outcomes, early activation as well as efficient downregulation of innate responses were compromised. Conclusion Our findings suggested that faulty/delayed kinetics of innate immune activation and downregulation was a driver of disease severity. We identified IFN-γ+CD56+CD3+ NKT cells and IL-6+ granulocytes at admission as novel early biomarkers that can predict the risk of progression to severity (composite AUC = 0.85–0.9). Strong correlations among multiple cytokine-secreting innate cell subsets revealed that coordinated early activation of the entire innate immune system in response to dengue virus infection contributed to resolution of infection and speedy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Pallavi Pradeep
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Nageswar R Manchala
- Division of Infectious Diseases Unit, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arjun Vayal Veedu
- Division of Infectious Diseases Unit, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajani K Basavaraju
- Department of Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Manikanta Ramakrishna
- Department of Medicine, Bengaluru Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yogitha Chandrakiran
- Department of Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Shivaranjani Holigi
- Department of Medicine, Bengaluru Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Cecil R Ross
- Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vijaya Satchidanandam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Chaturvedi V, Marsh RA, Zoref-Lorenz A, Owsley E, Chaturvedi V, Nguyen TC, Goldman JR, Henry MM, Greenberg JN, Ladisch S, Hermiston ML, Jeng M, Naqvi A, Allen CE, Wong HR, Jordan MB. T-cell activation profiles distinguish hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and early sepsis. Blood 2021; 137:2337-2346. [PMID: 33512385 PMCID: PMC8085480 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal disorder of immune hyperactivation that has been described as a cytokine storm. Sepsis due to known or suspected infection has also been viewed as a cytokine storm. Although clinical similarities between these syndromes suggest similar immunopathology and may create diagnostic uncertainty, distinguishing them is critical as treatments are widely divergent. We examined T-cell profiles from children with either HLH or sepsis and found that HLH is characterized by acute T-cell activation, in clear contrast to sepsis. Activated T cells in patients with HLH were characterized as CD38high/HLA-DR+ effector cells, with activation of CD8+ T cells being most pronounced. Activated T cells were type 1 polarized, proliferative, and displayed evidence of recent and persistent activation. Circulating activated T cells appeared to be broadly characteristic of HLH, as they were seen in children with and without genetic lesions or identifiable infections and resolved with conventional treatment of HLH. Furthermore, we observed even greater activation and type 1 polarization in tissue-infiltrating T cells, described here for the first time in a series of patients with HLH. Finally, we observed that a threshold of >7% CD38high/HLA-DR+ cells among CD8+ T cells had strong positive and negative predictive value for distinguishing HLH from early sepsis or healthy controls. We conclude that the cytokine storm of HLH is marked by distinctive T-cell activation whereas early sepsis is not, and that these 2 syndromes can be readily distinguished by T-cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Chaturvedi
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rebecca A Marsh
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Adi Zoref-Lorenz
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erika Owsley
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vijaya Chaturvedi
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Trung C Nguyen
- Section of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jordana R Goldman
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael M Henry
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jay N Greenberg
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Stephan Ladisch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael Jeng
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA
| | - Ahmed Naqvi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carl E Allen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Hector R Wong
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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35
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Koutsakos M, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Chua BY, van de Sandt CE, Habel JR, Zhang W, Jia X, Kedzierski L, Ashhurst TM, Putri GH, Marsh-Wakefield F, Read MN, Edwards DN, Clemens EB, Wong CY, Mordant FL, Juno JA, Amanat F, Audsley J, Holmes NE, Gordon CL, Smibert OC, Trubiano JA, Hughes CM, Catton M, Denholm JT, Tong SY, Doolan DL, Kotsimbos TC, Jackson DC, Krammer F, Godfrey DI, Chung AW, King NJ, Lewin SR, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Subbarao K, McMahon J, Thevarajan I, Nguyen TH, Cheng AC, Kedzierska K. Integrated immune dynamics define correlates of COVID-19 severity and antibody responses. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100208. [PMID: 33564749 PMCID: PMC7862905 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of COVID-19 disease, the immunological basis of which remains ill defined. We analyzed 85 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at acute and/or convalescent time points, up to 102 days after symptom onset, quantifying 184 immunological parameters. Acute COVID-19 presented with high levels of IL-6, IL-18, and IL-10 and broad activation marked by the upregulation of CD38 on innate and adaptive lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Importantly, activated CXCR3+cTFH1 cells in acute COVID-19 significantly correlate with and predict antibody levels and their avidity at convalescence as well as acute neutralization activity. Strikingly, intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 display higher levels of soluble IL-6, IL-6R, and IL-18, and hyperactivation of innate, adaptive, and myeloid compartments than patients with moderate disease. Our analyses provide a comprehensive map of longitudinal immunological responses in COVID-19 patients and integrate key cellular pathways of complex immune networks underpinning severe COVID-19, providing important insights into potential biomarkers and immunotherapies. Analyses of 184 immune features define kinetics of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Circulating TFH1 cells in acute COVID-19 correlate with antibodies sIL-6R levels are elevated in severe COVID-19 but do not correlate with IL-6 Elevated IL-6 and IL-18 correlate with immune cell hyperactivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C. Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendon Y. Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carolien E. van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R. Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas M. Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Givanna H. Putri
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark N. Read
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Westmead Initiative, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Davis N. Edwards
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Westmead Initiative, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E. Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca L. Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha E. Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Health and University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire L. Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia C. Smibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A. Trubiano
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Carly M. Hughes
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin T. Denholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Y.C. Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tom C. Kotsimbos
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas J.C. King
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James McMahon
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H.O. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
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36
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Anft M, Paniskaki K, Blazquez-Navarro A, Doevelaar A, Seibert FS, Hölzer B, Skrzypczyk S, Kohut E, Kurek J, Zapka J, Wehler P, Kaliszczyk S, Bajda S, Thieme CJ, Roch T, Konik MJ, Berger MM, Brenner T, Kölsch U, Meister TL, Pfaender S, Steinmann E, Tempfer C, Watzl C, Dolff S, Dittmer U, Abou-El-Enein M, Westhoff TH, Witzke O, Stervbo U, Babel N. COVID-19-Induced ARDS Is Associated with Decreased Frequency of Activated Memory/Effector T Cells Expressing CD11a +. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2691-2702. [PMID: 33186542 PMCID: PMC7543694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 is an unsolved challenge. The involvement of T cell immunity in this exacerbation remains unclear. To identify predictive markers of COVID-19 progress and outcome, we analyzed peripheral blood of 10 COVID-19-associated ARDS patients and 35 mild/moderate COVID-19 patients, not requiring intensive care. Using multi-parametric flow cytometry, we compared quantitative, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of circulating bulk immune cells, as well as SARS-CoV-2 S-protein-reactive T cells between the two groups. ARDS patients demonstrated significantly higher S-protein-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to non-ARDS patients. Of interest, comparison of circulating bulk T cells in ARDS patients to non-ARDS patients demonstrated decreased frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, with activated memory/effector T cells expressing tissue migration molecule CD11a++. Importantly, survival from ARDS (4/10) was accompanied by a recovery of the CD11a++ T cell subsets in peripheral blood. Conclusively, data on S-protein-reactive polyfunctional T cells indicate the ability of ARDS patients to generate antiviral protection. Furthermore, decreased frequencies of activated memory/effector T cells expressing tissue migratory molecule CD11a++ observed in circulation of ARDS patients might suggest their involvement in ARDS development and propose the CD11a-based immune signature as a possible prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anft
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Krystallenia Paniskaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Arturo Blazquez-Navarro
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Doevelaar
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Felix S Seibert
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Bodo Hölzer
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sarah Skrzypczyk
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Eva Kohut
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Julia Kurek
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Jan Zapka
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Patrizia Wehler
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Kaliszczyk
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sharon Bajda
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantin J Thieme
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarethe Justine Konik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Moritz Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni L Meister
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Clemens Tempfer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abou-El-Enein
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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37
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Gutiérrez-Bautista JF, Rodriguez-Nicolas A, Rosales-Castillo A, Jiménez P, Garrido F, Anderson P, Ruiz-Cabello F, López-Ruz MÁ. Negative Clinical Evolution in COVID-19 Patients Is Frequently Accompanied With an Increased Proportion of Undifferentiated Th Cells and a Strong Underrepresentation of the Th1 Subset. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596553. [PMID: 33324414 PMCID: PMC7726249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been related to uncontrolled inflammatory innate responses and impaired adaptive immune responses mostly due to exhausted T lymphocytes and lymphopenia. In this work we have characterized the nature of the lymphopenia and demonstrate a set of factors that hinder the effective control of virus infection and the activation and arming of effector cytotoxic T CD8 cells and showing signatures defining a high-risk population. We performed immune profiling of the T helper (Th) CD4+ and T CD8+ cell compartments in peripheral blood of 144 COVID-19 patients using multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. On the one hand, there was a consistent lymphopenia with an overrepresentation of non-functional T cells, with an increased percentage of naive Th cells (CD45RA+, CXCR3-, CCR4-, CCR6-, CCR10-) and persistently low frequency of markers associated with Th1, Th17, and Th1/Th17 memory-effector T cells compared to healthy donors. On the other hand, the most profound alteration affected the Th1 subset, which may explain the poor T cells responses and the persistent blood virus load. Finally, the decrease in Th1 cells may also explain the low frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that express the HLA-DR and CD38 activation markers observed in numerous patients who showed minimal or no lymphocyte activation response. We also identified the percentage of HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells, PD-1+CD+4/CD8+ T cells in blood, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as useful factors for predicting critical illness and fatal outcome in patients with confirmed COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Nicolas
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Jiménez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Ruz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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38
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Conserved epitopes with high HLA-I population coverage are targets of CD8 + T cells associated with high IFN-γ responses against all dengue virus serotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20497. [PMID: 33235334 PMCID: PMC7687909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are key for immune protection against viral infections. The breadth and cross-reactivity of these responses are important against rapidly mutating RNA viruses, such as dengue (DENV), yet how viral diversity affect T cell responses and their cross-reactivity against multiple variants of the virus remains poorly defined. In this study, an integrated analysis was performed to map experimentally validated CD8+ T cell epitopes onto the distribution of DENV genome sequences across the 4 serotypes worldwide. Despite the higher viral diversity observed within HLA-I restricted epitopes, mapping of 609 experimentally validated epitopes sequences on 3985 full-length viral genomes revealed 19 highly conserved epitopes across the four serotypes within the immunogenic regions of NS3, NS4B and NS5. These conserved epitopes were associated with a higher magnitude of IFN-γ response when compared to non-conserved epitopes and were restricted to 13 HLA class I genotypes, hence providing high coverage among human populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that these epitopes are largely conserved in most of the endemic regions of the world, and with only some of these epitopes presenting distinct mutated variants circulating in South America and Asia.This study provides evidence for the existence of highly immunogenic and conserved epitopes across serotypes, which may impact design of new universal T-cell-inducing vaccine candidates that minimise detrimental effects of viral diversification and at the same time induce responses to a broad human population.
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39
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Bouwman W, Verhaegh W, Holtzer L, van de Stolpe A. Measurement of Cellular Immune Response to Viral Infection and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575074. [PMID: 33193365 PMCID: PMC7604353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined cellular and humoral host immune response determine the clinical course of a viral infection and effectiveness of vaccination, but currently the cellular immune response cannot be measured on simple blood samples. As functional activity of immune cells is determined by coordinated activity of signaling pathways, we developed mRNA-based JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity assays to quantitatively measure the cellular immune response on Affymetrix expression microarray data of various types of blood samples from virally infected patients (influenza, RSV, dengue, yellow fever, rotavirus) or vaccinated individuals, and to determine vaccine immunogenicity. JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was increased in blood samples of patients with viral, but not bacterial, infection and was higher in influenza compared to RSV-infected patients, reflecting known differences in immunogenicity. High JAK-STAT3 pathway activity was associated with more severe RSV infection. In contrast to inactivated influenza virus vaccine, live yellow fever vaccine did induce JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity in blood samples, indicating superior immunogenicity. Normal (healthy) JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was established, enabling assay interpretation without the need for a reference sample. The JAK-STAT pathway assays enable measurement of cellular immune response for prognosis, therapy stratification, vaccine development, and clinical testing.
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40
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McKechnie JL, Beltrán D, Ferreira AMM, Vergara R, Saenz L, Vergara O, Estripeaut D, Araúz AB, Simpson LJ, Holmes S, López-Vergès S, Blish CA. Mass Cytometry Analysis of the NK Cell Receptor-Ligand Repertoire Reveals Unique Differences between Dengue-Infected Children and Adults. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:634-647. [PMID: 33067399 PMCID: PMC8608029 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant cause of morbidity in many regions of the world, with children at the greatest risk of developing severe dengue. NK cells, characterized by their ability to rapidly recognize and kill virally infected cells, are activated during acute DENV infection. However, their role in viral clearance versus pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Our goal was to profile the NK cell receptor-ligand repertoire to provide further insight into the function of NK cells during pediatric and adult DENV infection. We used mass cytometry to phenotype isolate NK cells and PBMCs from a cohort of DENV-infected children and adults. Using unsupervised clustering, we found that pediatric DENV infection leads to a decrease in total NK cell frequency with a reduction in the percentage of CD56dimCD38bright NK cells and an increase in the percentage of CD56dimperforinbright NK cells. No such changes were observed in adults. Next, we identified markers predictive of DENV infection using a differential state test. In adults, NK cell expression of activation markers, including CD69, perforin, and Fas-L, and myeloid cell expression of activating NK cell ligands, namely Fas, were predictive of infection. In contrast, increased NK cell expression of the maturation marker CD57 and myeloid cell expression of inhibitory ligands, such as HLA class I molecules, were predictive of pediatric DENV infection. These findings suggest that acute pediatric DENV infection may result in diminished NK cell activation, which could contribute to enhanced pathogenesis and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. McKechnie
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Davis Beltrán
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522002, India
| | | | - Rosemary Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lisseth Saenz
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Ofelina Vergara
- Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel, Panama City, Panama
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Laura J. Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sandra López-Vergès
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services, Panama City, Panama
- Universidad de Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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41
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Vella L, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Diorio C, Kuri-Cervantes L, Alanio C, Pampena MB, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Anderson EM, Gouma S, McNerney KO, Chase J, Burudpakdee C, Lee JH, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Mathew D, Kuthuru O, Goodwin EC, Weirick ME, Bolton MJ, Arevalo CP, Ramos A, Jasen C, Giannini HM, DAndrea K, Meyer NJ, Behrens EM, Bassiri H, Hensley SE, Henrickson SE, Teachey DT, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Deep Immune Profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared to adult and pediatric COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32995826 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with fewer hospitalizations and often milder disease than in adults. A subset of children, however, present with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) that can lead to vascular complications and shock, but rarely death. The immune features of MIS-C compared to pediatric COVID-19 or adult disease remain poorly understood. We analyzed peripheral blood immune responses in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients (pediatric COVID-19) and patients with MIS-C. MIS-C patients had patterns of T cell-biased lymphopenia and T cell activation similar to severely ill adults, and all patients with MIS-C had SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies at admission. A distinct feature of MIS-C patients was robust activation of vascular patrolling CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells that correlated with use of vasoactive medication. Finally, whereas pediatric COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had sustained immune activation, MIS-C patients displayed clinical improvement over time, concomitant with decreasing immune activation. Thus, non-MIS-C versus MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 associated illnesses are characterized by divergent immune signatures that are temporally distinct and implicate CD8 T cells in clinical presentation and trajectory of MIS-C.
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42
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Preeyaa SU, Murugesan A, Sopnajothi S, Yong YK, Tan HY, Larsson M, Velu V, Shankar EM. Peripheral Follicular T Helper Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Represent Activated Phenotypes During the Febrile Phase of Acute Dengue Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:610-615. [PMID: 32996843 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral follicular helper T (pTfh) cells represent specialized CD4+ T cells that help B cells to secrete antibodies. Dengue infection appears to cause immune activation in a wide array of immune cells. Herein, we investigated the signatures of immune activation of circulating Tfh cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in adult subjects with confirmed acute clinical dengue virus (DENV) infection by multiparametric flow cytometry. The acute DENV infection induced a significant expansion of highly activated pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells during acute febrile infection. We found a higher frequency of activated PD-1+ Tfh cells and CD38+ pTfh cells in clinical DENV infection. We also found similar activated and expanding phenotypes of MAIT cells in the patients tested. The total counts of activated pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells were higher in dengue patients relative to healthy controls. We concluded that pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells represent activated phenotypes in acute DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathappan U Preeyaa
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Amudhan Murugesan
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College and Hospital, Theni, India
| | | | - Yean K Yong
- Laboratory Center, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Hong Y Tan
- Laboratory Center, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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43
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Dynamics of human B and T cell adaptive immune responses to Kyasanur Forest disease virus infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15306. [PMID: 32943687 PMCID: PMC7499197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne, acute, febrile viral illness endemic in southern India. No major studies have been done to understand the adaptive immune response during KFDV infection in humans. In this study, KFDV-positive patients were prospectively enrolled, and repeated peripheral blood collections were performed. Clinical and virologic characterization of these samples is reported along with phenotypic analysis of cellular immunity and quantitation of humoral immunity. We noted robust T and B cell responses, particularly of CD8 T cells, during KFDV infection in most of the patients. Virus clearance from the blood coincided with peak CD8 T cell activation and the appearance of KFDV-specific IgG. Increased frequency of plasmablasts and very few activated B cells were observed in the acute phase of KFD infection. Notably, only humoral immunity and activated B cell frequency in the acute phase correlated with prior KFDV vaccination, and only with 2 or more doses. This novel work has implications in KFD vaccine research as well as in understanding the pathogenesis.
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Kleen TO, Galdon AA, MacDonald AS, Dalgleish AG. Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and "New Old Friends". Front Immunol 2020; 11:2059. [PMID: 33013871 PMCID: PMC7498663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel, highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly throughout the world, leading to a deadly pandemic of a predominantly respiratory illness called COVID-19. Safe and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are urgently needed. However, emerging immunological observations show hallmarks of significant immunopathological characteristics and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Combined with existing knowledge about immune responses to other closely related and highly pathogenic coronaviruses, this could forebode significant challenges for vaccine development, including the risk of vaccine failure. Animal data from earlier coronavirus vaccine efforts indicate that elderly people, most at risk from severe COVID-19 disease, could be especially at risk from immunopathologic responses to novel coronavirus vaccines. Bacterial "new old friends" such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called "trained immunity." Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other "new old friends."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia A Galdon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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45
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T lymphocyte responses to flaviviruses - diverse cell populations affect tendency toward protection and disease. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:28-34. [PMID: 32810785 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus are medically important flaviviruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and circulate in overlapping geographic areas. Cross-reactive immune responses have been demonstrated among the flaviviruses, particularly the four DENV serotypes. The immunological imprint left by a flavivirus infection can therefore have profound effects on the responses to subsequent infections. In this review we summarize recent research focusing on T cell responses to DENV using clinical samples from prospective cohort studies in Asia. These data suggest that durability of different T cell populations after natural infection or vaccination is an important consideration for the outcome of subsequent flavivirus exposures and we argue for continued investigation in the context of longitudinal cohort studies.
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46
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Gore MM. Vaccines Against Dengue and West Nile Viruses in India: The Need of the Hour. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:423-433. [PMID: 32320353 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of flaviviruses, dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses, and others, is generating a major concern in many countries. Both JE along with DEN have been endemic in large regions of India. WN virus infection, although circulating in southern regions for many years, in recent years, WN encephalitis patients have been demonstrated. While vaccines against JE have been developed and decrease outbreaks, in case of DEN and WN, vaccines are still in developing level, especially, it has been difficult to achieve the long-term protective immune response. The first licensed DEN vaccine, which is a live attenuated vaccine, was administered in countries where the virus is endemic, and has a potential to cause serious side effects, especially when administered to younger population as observed in the Philippines vaccination drive. In the case of WN, although the purified inactivated virion-based vaccine worked effectively as a veterinary vaccine for horses, no effective vaccine has yet been licensed for humans. The induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses is essential to complete protection by these viruses, as evidenced by responses to asymptomatic infections. Many studies have shown that neutralizing antibody (NAb) response is against surface structural proteins; CD4+ and CD8+ responses are mainly directed against nonstructural proteins rather than NAb response. New data suggest that encapsulating virus vaccines in nanoparticles (NPs) will direct antigen in cytoplasmic compartment by antigen-presenting cells, which will improve presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Since tissue culture-derived, purified inactivated viruses are easier to manufacture and safer than developing live virus vaccines, inclusion of NP provides an attractive alternative for generating robust flaviviral vaccines that are affordable with long-lived protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Gore
- Emeritus Scientist, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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47
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Cutaneous Dengue Virus Inoculation Triggers Strong B Cell Reactions but Contrastingly Poor T Cell Responses. Virol Sin 2020; 35:575-587. [PMID: 32314276 PMCID: PMC7168571 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a global health problem without current specific treatment nor safe vaccines available. While severe dengue is related to pre-existing non-neutralizing dengue virus (DENV) antibodies, the role of T cells in protection or pathology is unclear. Using cutaneous DENV infection in immunocompetent mice we previously showed the generation of PNA+ germinal centers (GCs), now we assessed the activation and proliferation of B and T cells in draining lymph nodes (DLNs). We found a drastic remodelling of DLN compartments from 7 to 14 days post-infection (dpi) with greatly enlarged B cell follicles, occupying almost half of the DLN area compared to ~24% in naïve conditions. Enormous clusters of proliferating (Ki-67+) cells inside B follicles were found 14 dpi, representing ~33% of B cells in DLNs but only ~2% in non-infected mice. Inside GCs, we noticed an important recruitment of tingle body macrophages removing apoptotic cells. In contrast, the percentage of paracortex area and total T cells decreased by 14–16 dpi, compared to controls. Scattered randomly distributed Ki-67+ T cells were found, similar to non-infected mice. CD69 expression by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was minor, while it was remarkable in B cells, representing 1764.7% of change from basal levels 3 dpi. The apparent lack of T cell responses cannot be attributed to apoptosis since no significant differences were observed compared to non-infected mice. This study shows massive B cell activation and proliferation in DLNs upon DENV infection. In contrast, we found very poor, almost absent CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
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48
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Nayak K, Jain V, Kaur M, Khan N, Gottimukkala K, Aggarwal C, Sagar R, Gupta S, Rai RC, Dixit K, Islamuddin M, Khan WH, Verma A, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Reddy ES, Panda H, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Raghavendhar B S, Patel AK, Ratageri VH, Chandele A, Ray P, Murali-Krishna K. Antibody response patterns in chikungunya febrile phase predict protection versus progression to chronic arthritis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130509. [PMID: 32155134 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute febrile illness in humans, and some of these individuals develop a debilitating chronic arthritis that can persist for months to years for reasons that remain poorly understood. In this study from India, we characterized antibody response patterns in febrile chikungunya patients and further assessed the association of these initial febrile-phase antibody response patterns with protection versus progression to developing chronic arthritis. We found 5 distinct patterns of the antibody responses in the febrile phase: no CHIKV binding or neutralizing (NT) antibodies but PCR positive, IgM alone with no NT activity, IgM alone with NT activity, IgM and IgG without NT activity, and IgM and IgG with NT activity. A 20-month follow-up showed that appearance of NT activity regardless of antibody isotype or appearance of IgG regardless of NT activity during the initial febrile phase was associated with a robust protection against developing chronic arthritis in the future. These findings, while providing potentially novel insights on correlates of protective immunity against chikungunya-induced chronic arthritis, suggest that qualitative differences in the antibody response patterns that have evolved during the febrile phase can serve as biomarkers that allow prediction of protection or progression to chronic arthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSAR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Wajihul Hasan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar B
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod H Ratageri
- Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Emory Vaccine Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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49
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Zhao Y, Amodio M, Vander Wyk B, Gerritsen B, Kumar MM, van Dijk D, Moon K, Wang X, Malawista A, Richards MM, Cahill ME, Desai A, Sivadasan J, Venkataswamy MM, Ravi V, Fikrig E, Kumar P, Kleinstein SH, Krishnaswamy S, Montgomery RR. Single cell immune profiling of dengue virus patients reveals intact immune responses to Zika virus with enrichment of innate immune signatures. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008112. [PMID: 32150565 PMCID: PMC7082063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus contains many mosquito-borne human pathogens of global epidemiological importance such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus, which has recently emerged at epidemic levels. Infections with these viruses result in divergent clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Myriad factors influence infection severity including exposure, immune status and pathogen/host genetics. Furthermore, pre-existing infection may skew immune pathways or divert immune resources. We profiled immune cells from dengue virus-infected individuals by multiparameter mass cytometry (CyTOF) to define functional status. Elevations in IFNβ were noted in acute patients across the majority of cell types and were statistically elevated in 31 of 36 cell subsets. We quantified response to in vitro (re)infection with dengue or Zika viruses and detected a striking pattern of upregulation of responses to Zika infection by innate cell types which was not noted in response to dengue virus. Significance was discovered by statistical analysis as well as a neural network-based clustering approach which identified unusual cell subsets overlooked by conventional manual gating. Of public health importance, patient cells showed significant enrichment of innate cell responses to Zika virus indicating an intact and robust anti-Zika response despite the concurrent dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Matthew Amodio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Bram Gerritsen
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mahesh M. Kumar
- Program in Human Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David van Dijk
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kevin Moon
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Anna Malawista
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Monique M. Richards
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Megan E. Cahill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Anita Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, The National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Manjunatha M. Venkataswamy
- Department of Neurovirology, The National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Vasanthapuram Ravi
- Department of Neurovirology, The National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Untied States of America
- Program in Human Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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50
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Grifoni A, Tian Y, Sette A, Weiskopf D. Transcriptomic immune profiles of human flavivirus-specific T-cell responses. Immunology 2020; 160:3-9. [PMID: 31778581 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus of viruses includes dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses. Infections with these species combined are prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical areas, affecting millions of people and ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms of the disease. They therefore pose a serious threat to global public health. Several studies imply a role for T cells in the protection but also pathogenesis against the different flavivirus species. Identifying flavivirus-specific T-cell immune profiles and determining how pre-exposure of one species might affect the immune response against subsequent infections from other species is important to further define the role of T cells in the immune response against infection. Understanding the immune profiles of the flavivirus-specific T-cell response in natural infection is important to understand the T-cell response in the context of vaccination. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on human immune profiles of flavivirus-specific T-cell reactivity, comparing natural infection with the acute form of the disease and vaccination in different flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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