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Mao Q, Zhou S, Liu S, Peng C, Yin X, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Hou G, Jiang W, Liu H. Emergence of novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza viruses with increased pathogenicity in chickens in 2023. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2287683. [PMID: 37990831 PMCID: PMC10795584 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Mao
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuning Zhou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yin
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanting Zhou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Yang F, Zhao X, Huo C, Miao X, Qin T, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. An avian-origin internal backbone effectively increases the H5 subtype avian influenza vaccine candidate yield in both chicken embryonated eggs and MDCK cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103988. [PMID: 38970848 PMCID: PMC11269899 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines play an important role in preventing and controlling the epidemic caused by the H5 subtype avian influenza virus. The vaccine strains are updated in response to alterations in surface protein antigens, while an avian-derived vaccine internal backbone with a high replicative capacity in chicken embryonated eggs and MDCK cells is essential for vaccine development. In this study, we constructed recombinant viruses using the clade 2.3.4.4d A/chicken/Jiangsu/GY5/2017(H5N6, CkG) strain as the surface protein donor and the clade 2.3.4.4b A/duck/Jiangsu/84512/2017(H5N6, Dk8) strain with high replicative ability as an internal donor. After optimization, the integration of the M gene from the CkG into the internal genes from Dk8 (8GM) was selected as the high-yield vaccine internal backbone, as the combination improved the hemagglutinin1/nucleoprotein (HA1/NP) ratio in recombinant viruses. The r8GMΔG with attenuated hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the CkG exhibited high-growth capacity in both chicken embryos and MDCK cell cultures. The inactivated r8GMΔG vaccine candidate also induced a higher hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer and microneutralization titer than the vaccine strain using PR8 as the internal backbone. Further, the inactivated r8GMΔG vaccine candidate provided complete protection against wild-type strain challenge. Therefore, our study provides a high-yield, easy-to-cultivate candidate donor as an internal gene backbone for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Chenzhi Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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3
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Hohensee L, Scheibner D, Luttermann C, Shelton H, Dorhoi A, Abdelwhab EM, Blohm U. PB1-F2 of low pathogenicity H7N7 restricts apoptosis in avian cells. Virus Res 2024; 349:199444. [PMID: 39089370 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) pose a continuous challenge to global health and economy. While countermeasures exist to control outbreaks in poultry, the persistent circulation of AIV in wild aquatic and shorebirds presents a significant challenge to effective disease prevention efforts. PB1-F2 is a non-structural protein expressed from a second open reading frame (+1) of the polymerase basic 1 (PB1) segment. The sequence and length of the PB1-F2 protein can vary depending on the host of origin. While avian isolates typically carry full-length PB1-F2, isolates from mammals, often express truncated forms. The selective advantage of the full-length PB1-F2 in avian isolates is not fully understood. Most research on the role of PB1-F2 in influenza virus replication has been conducted in mammalian systems, where PB1-F2 interfered with the host immune response and induced apoptosis. Here, we used Low Pathogenicity (LP) AIV H7N7 expressing full-length PB1-F2 as well as a knockout mutant. We found that the full-length PB1-F2 of LPAIV prolonged survival of infected cells by limiting apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, PB1-F2 knockout LPAIV significantly decreased MHC-I expression on fibroblasts, delayed tissue healing and increased phagocytic uptake of infected cells, whereas LPAIV expressing PB1-F2 has limited effects. These findings indicate that full-length PB1-F2 enables AIV to cause prolonged infections without severely harming the avian host. Our observations may explain maintenance of AIV in the natural bird reservoir in absence of severe clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Hohensee
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - David Scheibner
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany; Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Christine Luttermann
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Ash Road, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Elsayed M Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany.
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4
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Karakus U, Mena I, Kottur J, El Zahed SS, Seoane R, Yildiz S, Chen L, Plancarte M, Lindsay L, Halpin R, Stockwell TB, Wentworth DE, Boons GJ, Krammer F, Stertz S, Boyce W, de Vries RP, Aggarwal AK, García-Sastre A. H19 influenza A virus exhibits species-specific MHC class II receptor usage. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1089-1102.e10. [PMID: 38889725 PMCID: PMC11295516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance in Northern California, USA, revealed unique IAV hemagglutinin (HA) genome sequences in cloacal swabs from lesser scaups. We found two closely related HA sequences in the same duck species in 2010 and 2013. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that both sequences belong to the recently discovered H19 subtype, which thus far has remained uncharacterized. We demonstrate that H19 does not bind the canonical IAV receptor sialic acid (Sia). Instead, H19 binds to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), which facilitates viral entry. Unlike the broad MHC class II specificity of H17 and H18 from bat IAV, H19 exhibits a species-specific MHC class II usage that suggests a limited host range and zoonotic potential. Using cell lines overexpressing MHC class II, we rescued recombinant H19 IAV. We solved the H19 crystal structure and identified residues within the putative Sia receptor binding site (RBS) that impede Sia-dependent entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Karakus
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jithesh Kottur
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara S El Zahed
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rocío Seoane
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Soner Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leanne Chen
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Magdalena Plancarte
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - LeAnn Lindsay
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Boyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aneel K Aggarwal
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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5
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Gadzhiev A, Petherbridge G, Sharshov K, Sobolev I, Alekseev A, Gulyaeva M, Litvinov K, Boltunov I, Teymurov A, Zhigalin A, Daudova M, Shestopalov A. Pinnipeds and avian influenza: a global timeline and review of research on the impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza on pinniped populations with particular reference to the endangered Caspian seal ( Pusa caspica). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1325977. [PMID: 39071164 PMCID: PMC11273096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1325977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reviews chronologically the international scientific and health management literature and resources relating to impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses on pinnipeds in order to reinforce strategies for the conservation of the endangered Caspian seal (Pusa caspica), currently under threat from the HPAI H5N1 subtype transmitted from infected avifauna which share its haul-out habitats. Many cases of mass pinniped deaths globally have occurred from HPAI spill-overs, and are attributed to infected sympatric aquatic avifauna. As the seasonal migrations of Caspian seals provide occasions for contact with viruses from infected migratory aquatic birds in many locations around the Caspian Sea, this poses a great challenge to seal conservation. These are thus critical locations for the surveillance of highly pathogenic influenza A viruses, whose future reassortments may present a pandemic threat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimurad Gadzhiev
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Guy Petherbridge
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
- Caspian Centre for Nature Conservation, International Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Association of Universities and Research Centers of Caspian Region States, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Gulyaeva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill Litvinov
- Laboratory of Ecological and Biological Research, Astrakhan State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Astrakhan, Russia
| | - Ivan Boltunov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdulgamid Teymurov
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Alexander Zhigalin
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Madina Daudova
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang Q, Wu S, Shuai J, Li Y, Fu X, Zhang M, Yu X, Ye Z, Ma B. Dual Gene Detection of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Based on Dual RT-RPA. Molecules 2024; 29:2801. [PMID: 38930866 PMCID: PMC11206350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The H5N1 avian influenza virus seriously affects the health of poultry and humans. Once infected, the mortality rate is very high. Therefore, accurate and timely detection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus is beneficial for controlling its spread. This article establishes a dual gene detection method based on dual RPA for simultaneously detecting the HA and M2 genes of H5N1 avian influenza virus, for the detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus. Design specific primers for the conserved regions of the HA and M2 genes. The sensitivity of the dual RT-RPA detection method for HA and M2 genes is 1 × 10-7 ng/μL. The optimal primer ratio is 1:1, the optimal reaction temperature is 40 °C, and the optimal reaction time is 20 min. Dual RT-RPA was used to detect 72 samples, and compared with RT-qPCR detection, the Kappa value was 1 (p value < 0.05), and the clinical sample detection sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. The dual RT-RPA method is used for the first time to simultaneously detect two genes of the H5N1 avian influenza virus. As an accurate and convenient diagnostic tool, it can be used to diagnose the H5N1 avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
| | - Shiwen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Zhejiang Institute of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311241, China;
| | - Ye Li
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Xianshu Fu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
| | - Zihong Ye
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.W.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.)
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7
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Okuya K, Esaki M, Tokorozaki K, Hasegawa T, Ozawa M. Isolation and genetic characterization of multiple genotypes of both H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses from environmental water in the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan during the 2021/22 winter season. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102182. [PMID: 38640701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
In the 2021/22 winter, one H5N1 and nine H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.3.4b were isolated from the water in crane roosts on the Izumi plain, Japan. Additionally, we isolated low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) of five subtypes: H1N1, H4N2, H4N6, H7N7, and H10N4. H5N8 HPAIVs belonging to the G2a group were isolated throughout winter, whereas H5N1 HPAIV belonging to the G2b group were isolated only in early winter. These findings suggest co-circulation of both G2a and G2b HPAIVs in early winter. Although two H7N7 LPAIVs were isolated from cranes' roost water collected on the same day, the gene constellations of the two isolates were clearly different, indicating the contemporary invasion of at least two different genotypes of H7N7 LPAIVs in the Izumi plain. This study underscores the importance of monitoring both HPAIVs and LPAIVs to understand avian influenza virus ecology in migratory waterfowl populations.
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MESH Headings
- Japan
- Animals
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Genotype
- Birds/virology
- Seasons
- Phylogeny
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Water Microbiology
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza A virus/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okuya
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mana Esaki
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | | | - Taichi Hasegawa
- Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Koganei 184-0003, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi 899-0208, Japan.
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8
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Fusaro A, Zecchin B, Giussani E, Palumbo E, Agüero-García M, Bachofen C, Bálint Á, Banihashem F, Banyard AC, Beerens N, Bourg M, Briand FX, Bröjer C, Brown IH, Brugger B, Byrne AMP, Cana A, Christodoulou V, Dirbakova Z, Fagulha T, Fouchier RAM, Garza-Cuartero L, Georgiades G, Gjerset B, Grasland B, Groza O, Harder T, Henriques AM, Hjulsager CK, Ivanova E, Janeliunas Z, Krivko L, Lemon K, Liang Y, Lika A, Malik P, McMenamy MJ, Nagy A, Nurmoja I, Onita I, Pohlmann A, Revilla-Fernández S, Sánchez-Sánchez A, Savic V, Slavec B, Smietanka K, Snoeck CJ, Steensels M, Svansson V, Swieton E, Tammiranta N, Tinak M, Van Borm S, Zohari S, Adlhoch C, Baldinelli F, Terregino C, Monne I. High pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe-Why trends of virus evolution are more difficult to predict. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae027. [PMID: 38699215 PMCID: PMC11065109 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, A(H5Nx) high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b has become one of the most serious global threats not only to wild and domestic birds, but also to public health. In recent years, important changes in the ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of this virus have been reported, with an unprecedented global diffusion and variety of affected birds and mammalian species. After the two consecutive and devastating epidemic waves in Europe in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, with the second one recognized as one of the largest epidemics recorded so far, this clade has begun to circulate endemically in European wild bird populations. This study used the complete genomes of 1,956 European HPAI A(H5Nx) viruses to investigate the virus evolution during this varying epidemiological outline. We investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of A(H5Nx) virus diffusion to/from and within Europe during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 epidemic waves, providing evidence of ongoing changes in transmission dynamics and disease epidemiology. We demonstrated the high genetic diversity of the circulating viruses, which have undergone frequent reassortment events, providing for the first time a complete overview and a proposed nomenclature of the multiple genotypes circulating in Europe in 2020-2022. We described the emergence of a new genotype with gull adapted genes, which offered the virus the opportunity to occupy new ecological niches, driving the disease endemicity in the European wild bird population. The high propensity of the virus for reassortment, its jumps to a progressively wider number of host species, including mammals, and the rapid acquisition of adaptive mutations make the trend of virus evolution and spread difficult to predict in this unfailing evolving scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fusaro
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Bianca Zecchin
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giussani
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Elisa Palumbo
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Montserrat Agüero-García
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ctra. M-106, Km 1,4 Algete, Madrid 28110, Spain
| | - Claudia Bachofen
- Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern 3147, Switzerland
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate (NEBIH), Laboratory of Virology, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Fereshteh Banihashem
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Travvägen 20, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- WOAH/FAO international reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Beerens
- Department of Virology Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, Lelystad 8221 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Bourg
- Luxembourgish Veterinary and Food Administration (ALVA), State Veterinary Laboratory, 1 Rue Louis Rech, Dudelange 3555, Luxembourg
| | - Francois-Xavier Briand
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité de Virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie Avaires et Cunicoles, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine – BP 53, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Caroline Bröjer
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Travvägen 20, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Ian H Brown
- WOAH/FAO international reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Brugger
- Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority, Austurvegur 64, Selfoss 800, Iceland
| | - Alexander M P Byrne
- WOAH/FAO international reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Armend Cana
- Kosovo Food and Veterinary Agency, Sector of Serology and Molecular Diagnostics, Kosovo Food and Veterinary Laboratory, Str Lidhja e Pejes, Prishtina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Vasiliki Christodoulou
- Laboratory for Animal Health Virology Section Veterinary Services (1417), 79, Athalassa Avenue Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Zuzana Dirbakova
- Department of Animal Health, State Veterinary Institute, Pod Dráhami 918, Zvolen 96086, Slovakia
| | - Teresa Fagulha
- I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780 – 157, Portugal
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Garza-Cuartero
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Backweston Campus, Stacumny Lane, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH, Ireland
| | - George Georgiades
- Thessaloniki Veterinary Centre (TVC), Department of Avian Diseases, 26th October Street 80, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece
| | - Britt Gjerset
- Immunology & Virology department, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Arboretveien 57, Oslo Pb 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Beatrice Grasland
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité de Virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie Avaires et Cunicoles, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine – BP 53, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Oxana Groza
- Republican Center for Veterinary Diagnostics (NRL), 3 street Murelor, Chisinau 2051, Republic of Moldova
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Henriques
- I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780 – 157, Portugal
| | - Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager
- Department for Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Emiliya Ivanova
- National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute (NDRVMI), 190 Lomsko Shose Blvd., Sofia 1231, Bulgaria
| | - Zygimantas Janeliunas
- National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI), Kairiukscio str. 10, Vilnius 08409, Lithuania
| | - Laura Krivko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), Laboratory of Microbilogy and Pathology, 3 Lejupes Street, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - Ken Lemon
- Virological Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Virology, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute (AFBI), Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Aldin Lika
- Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Rruga Aleksandër Moisiu 10, Tirana 1001, Albania
| | - Péter Malik
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate (NEBIH), Laboratory of Virology, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Michael J McMenamy
- Virological Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Virology, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute (AFBI), Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland
| | - Alexander Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sídlištní 136/24, Praha 6-Lysolaje 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Imbi Nurmoja
- National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment (LABRIS), Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Iuliana Onita
- Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health (IDAH), Str. Dr. Staicovici 63, Bucharest 050557, Romania
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Sandra Revilla-Fernández
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Robert Koch Gasse 17, Mödling 2340, Austria
| | - Azucena Sánchez-Sánchez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ctra. M-106, Km 1,4 Algete, Madrid 28110, Spain
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Brigita Slavec
- University of Ljubljana – Veterinary Faculty/National Veterinary Institute, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Krzysztof Smietanka
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Department of Infection and Immunity, 29 Rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette 4354, Luxembourg
| | - Mieke Steensels
- Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, Rue Groeselenberg 99, Ukkel 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Vilhjálmur Svansson
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldnavegi 3 112 Reykjavík Ssn. 650269 4549, Keldur 851, Iceland
| | - Edyta Swieton
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Niina Tammiranta
- Finnish Food Authority, Animal Health Diagnostic Unit, Veterinary Virology, Mustialankatu 3, Helsinki FI-00790, Finland
| | - Martin Tinak
- Department of Animal Health, State Veterinary Institute, Pod Dráhami 918, Zvolen 96086, Slovakia
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, Rue Groeselenberg 99, Ukkel 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Travvägen 20, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Adlhoch
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Gustav III:s boulevard 40, Solna 169 73, Sweden
| | | | - Calogero Terregino
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
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9
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Lin S, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yang L, Li X, Bo H, Liu J, Tan M, Zhu W, Wang D, Shu Y. Cross-Species Transmission Potential of H4 Avian Influenza Viruses in China: Epidemiological and Evolutionary Study. Viruses 2024; 16:353. [PMID: 38543719 PMCID: PMC10974465 DOI: 10.3390/v16030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
H4 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been widely detected in live poultry markets in China. However, the potential public health impact of H4 AIVs remains largely uncertain. Here, we fully analyzed the distribution and phylogenetic relationship of H4 AIVs in China. We obtained 31 isolates of H4 viruses in China during 2009-2022 through surveillance in poultry-associated environments, such as live poultry markets and poultry farms. Genomic sequence analysis together with publicly available data revealed that frequent reassortment and introduction of H4 AIV from wild birds to poultry may have occurred. We identified 62 genotypes among 127 whole genome sequences of H4 viruses in China, indicating that H4 AIVs had great genetic diversity in China. We also investigated molecular markers and found that drug resistance mutations frequently occurred in the M2 protein and a few mutations related to receptor binding and the host signature in H4 AIVs. Our study demonstrates the cross-species transmission potential of H4 AIVs in China and provides some reference significance for its risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.L.)
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiaying Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.L.)
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Min Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.L.)
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
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10
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Hinke DM, Anderson AM, Katta K, Laursen MF, Tesfaye DY, Werninghaus IC, Angeletti D, Grødeland G, Bogen B, Braathen R. Applying valency-based immuno-selection to generate broadly cross-reactive antibodies against influenza hemagglutinins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:850. [PMID: 38346952 PMCID: PMC10861589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Conserved epitopes shared between virus subtypes are often subdominant, making it difficult to induce broadly reactive antibodies by immunization. Here, we generate a plasmid DNA mix vaccine that encodes protein heterodimers with sixteen different influenza A virus hemagglutinins (HA) representing all HA subtypes except H1 (group 1) and H7 (group 2). Each single heterodimer expresses two different HA subtypes and is targeted to MHC class II on antigen presenting cells (APC). Female mice immunized with the plasmid mix produce antibodies not only against the 16 HA subtypes, but also against non-included H1 and H7. We demonstrate that individual antibody molecules cross-react between different HAs. Furthermore, the mix vaccine induces T cell responses to conserved HA epitopes. Immunized mice are partially protected against H1 viruses. The results show that application of valency-based immuno-selection to diversified antigens can be used to direct antibody responses towards conserved (subdominant) epitopes on viral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëla Maria Hinke
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Marie Anderson
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirankumar Katta
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Demo Yemane Tesfaye
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Flores RA, Cammayo-Fletcher PLT, Nguyen BT, Villavicencio AGM, Lee SY, Son Y, Kim JH, Park KI, Yoo WG, Jin YB, Min W, Kim WH. Genetic Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis of the First H13N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Vega Gull in South Korea. Viruses 2024; 16:285. [PMID: 38400060 PMCID: PMC10891532 DOI: 10.3390/v16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pathogen with zoonotic and pandemic potential. Migratory birds are natural reservoirs of all known subtypes of AIVs, except for H17N10 and H18N11, and they have been implicated in previous highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks worldwide. This study identified and characterized the first isolate of the H13N6 subtype from a Vega gull (Larus vegae mongolicus) in South Korea. The amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin gene showed a low pathogenic AIV subtype and various amino acid substitutions were found in the sequence compared to the reference sequence and known H13 isolates. High sequence homology with other H13N6 isolates was found in HA, NA, PB1, and PA genes, but not for PB2, NP, M, and NS genes. Interestingly, various point amino acid mutations were found on all gene segments, and some are linked to an increased binding to human-type receptors, resistance to antivirals, and virulence. Evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses showed that all gene segments are gull-adapted, with a phylogeographic origin of mostly Eurasian, except for PB2, PA, and M. Findings from this study support the evidence that reassortment of AIVs continuously occurs in nature, and migratory birds are vital in the intercontinental spread of avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle A. Flores
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Paula Leona T. Cammayo-Fletcher
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Binh T. Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Andrea Gail M. Villavicencio
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Yongwoo Son
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- National Park Research Institute, Korean National Park Service, Wonju 26441, Gangwon, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Woo H. Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
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12
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Fu X, Wang Q, Ma B, Zhang B, Sun K, Yu X, Ye Z, Zhang M. Advances in Detection Techniques for the H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17157. [PMID: 38138987 PMCID: PMC10743243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza is caused by avian influenza virus infection; the H5N1 avian influenza virus is a highly pathogenic subtype, affecting poultry and human health. Since the discovery of the highly pathogenic subtype of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, it has caused enormous losses to the poultry farming industry. It was recently found that the H5N1 avian influenza virus tends to spread among mammals. Therefore, early rapid detection methods are highly significant for effectively preventing the spread of H5N1. This paper discusses the detection technologies used in the detection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, including serological detection technology, immunological detection technology, molecular biology detection technology, genetic detection technology, and biosensors. Comparisons of these detection technologies were analyzed, aiming to provide some recommendations for the detection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, 258 Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.F.); (Q.W.); (B.M.); (B.Z.); (K.S.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.)
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13
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Khalil AM, Esaki M, Okuya K, Ozawa M. Stability of the Virucidal Activity of Commercial Disinfectants against Avian Influenza Viruses under Different Environmental Conditions. Pathogens 2023; 12:1382. [PMID: 38133267 PMCID: PMC10745779 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused outbreaks in both domestic and wild birds during the winter seasons in several countries in the Northern Hemisphere, most likely because virus-infected wild ducks overwinter and serve as the primary source of infection for other birds in these countries. Several chemical disinfectants are available to deactivate these viruses outside a living organism. However, their virucidal activity is known to be compromised by various factors, including temperature and contamination with organic matter. Hence, the effectiveness of virucidal activity under winter field conditions is crucial for managing HPAIV outbreaks. To investigate the impact of the winter field conditions on the virucidal activity of disinfectants against AIVs, we assessed the stability of the virucidal activity of seven representative disinfectants that are commercially available for poultry farms in Japan against both LPAIVs and HPAIVs under cold and/or organic contamination conditions. Of the seven disinfectants examined, the ortho-dichlorobenzene/cresol-based disinfectant exhibited the most consistent virucidal activity under winter field conditions, regardless of the virus pathogenicity or subtype tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (A.M.K.); (M.E.); (K.O.)
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mana Esaki
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (A.M.K.); (M.E.); (K.O.)
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (A.M.K.); (M.E.); (K.O.)
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (A.M.K.); (M.E.); (K.O.)
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi 899-0208, Japan
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14
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Nabeshima K, Asakura S, Iwata R, Honjo H, Haga A, Goka K, Onuma M. Sequencing methods for HA and NA genes of avian influenza viruses from wild bird feces using Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102076. [PMID: 37804607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method to determine the sequences of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from RNA extracted directly from wild bird fecal samples, using Nanopore Flongle. We determined the nucleotide sequences and subtypes of HA and NA in 16 and 15 samples respectively, using Flongle. The results of HA and NA subtyping determined by the conventional method were consistent with their subtypes determined by our method, thereby the applicability of this method in the identification of HA and NA subtypes. In addition, the homology between the HA fragments in this and the Sanger methods ranged from 98.5 % to 100 %. Compared with conventional PCR with the Sanger method, this method can easily determine HA and NA subtypes and sequences directly from the fecal samples. It is easier to implement and has lower running costs (USD100$) than other NGS-based methods, making it a useful tool for avian influenza surveillance in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nabeshima
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shingo Asakura
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan; Animal Research Center of Hokkaido Research Organization, 5-39 Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Iwata
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hisako Honjo
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Atsushi Haga
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Koichi Goka
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Biodiversity Division, Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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15
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Godoy M, de Oca MM, Caro D, Pontigo JP, Kibenge M, Kibenge F. Evolution and Current Status of Influenza A Virus in Chile: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:1252. [PMID: 37887768 PMCID: PMC10610240 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) poses a significant global threat to public health and food security. Particularly concerning is the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1, which has spread from Europe to North and Central/South America. This review presents recent developments in IAV evolution in birds, mammals, and humans in Chile. Chile's encounter with IAV began in 2002, with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N3 virus, derived from a unique South American low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus. In 2016-2017, LPAI H7N6 caused outbreaks in turkey, linked to wild birds in Chile and Bolivia. The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus in 2009 decreased egg production in turkeys. Since 2012, diverse IAV subtypes have emerged in backyard poultry and pigs. Reassortant AIVs, incorporating genes from both North and South American isolates, have been found in wild birds since 2007. Notably, from December 2022, HPAI H5N1 was detected in wild birds, sea lions, and a human, along Chile's north coast. It was introduced through Atlantic migratory flyways from North America. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced biosecurity on poultry farms and ongoing genomic surveillance to understand and manage AIVs in both wild and domestic bird populations in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (CIBA), Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (M.M.d.O.); (D.C.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede de la Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
| | - Marco Montes de Oca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (CIBA), Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (M.M.d.O.); (D.C.)
| | - Diego Caro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (CIBA), Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (M.M.d.O.); (D.C.)
| | - Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede de la Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
| | - Molly Kibenge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Frederick Kibenge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
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16
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Wu Y, Zhan J, Shan Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wen X, Wang X. CRISPR-Cas13a-based detection method for avian influenza virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1288951. [PMID: 37886067 PMCID: PMC10598603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1288951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) causes huge losses to the global poultry industry and poses a threat to humans and other mammals. Fast, sensitive, and portable diagnostic methods are essential for efficient avian influenza control. Here, a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas13a based platform was developed to detect AIV. This novel method was developed to specifically detect H1-H16 subtypes of AIV with fluorescence and lateral flow-based readouts and exhibited no cross-reactivity with Newcastle disease virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus, or infectious bursal disease virus. The limit of detection was determined to be 69 and 690 copies/μL using fluorescence and lateral flow as readouts, respectively. The developed assay exhibited 100% consistency with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in detecting clinical samples. The heating of unextracted diagnostic samples to obliterate nuclease treatment was introduced to detect viral RNA without nucleic acid extraction. Single-step optimization was used to perform reverse transcription, recombinase polymerase amplification, and CRISPR-Cas13a detection in a tube. These advances resulted in an optimized assay that could specifically detect AIV with simplified procedures and reduced contamination risk, highlighting the potential to be used in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaomeng Shan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yining Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuexia Wen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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17
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Lebarbenchon C, Boucher S, Feare C, Dietrich M, Larose C, Humeau L, Le Corre M, Jaeger A. Migratory patterns of two major influenza virus host species on tropical islands. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230600. [PMID: 37800153 PMCID: PMC10548098 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal migration is a major driver of infectious agent dispersal. Duck and seabird migrations, for instance, play a key role in the spatial transmission dynamics and gene flow of avian influenza viruses (AIV), worldwide. On tropical islands, brown and lesser noddies (Anous stolidus and Anous tenuirostris) may be important AIV hosts, but the lack of knowledge on their migratory behaviour limits our understanding of virus circulation in island networks. Here we show that high connectivity between islands generated by non-breeding dispersive behaviours may be a major driver in the spread and the maintenance of AIV among tropical islands of the western Indian Ocean. Tracking data highlight two types of dispersive behaviours during the non-breeding season: birds either staying in the vicinity of their breeding ground (on Bird Island, Seychelles), or moving to and roosting on other islands in the western Indian Ocean. Migrant birds used a wide range of roosting places from the Tanzanian coasts to the Maldives archipelago and Tromelin Island. Epidemiological data confirm that brown and lesser noddies are major hosts for AIV, although significant variations of seroprevalence between species suggest that other biological and ecological drivers could be involved in virus infection and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Solenn Boucher
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Chris Feare
- WildWings Bird Management, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Laurence Humeau
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (PVBMT), CIRAD, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
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18
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Xu Y, Tang L, Gu X, Bo S, Ming L, Ma M, Zhao C, Sun K, Liu Y, He G. Characterization of avian influenza A (H4N2) viruses isolated from wild birds in Shanghai during 2019 to 2021. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102948. [PMID: 37604021 PMCID: PMC10465953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The H4 subtype of avian influenza viruses has been widely distributed among wild birds. During the surveillance of the avian influenza virus in Shanghai from 2019 to 2021, a total of 4,451 samples were collected from wild birds, among which 46 H4 subtypes of avian influenza viruses were identified, accounting for 7.40% of the total positive samples. The H4 subtype viruses have a wide range of hosts, including the spot-billed duck, common teal, and other wild birds in Anseriformes. Among all H4 subtypes, the most abundant are the H4N2 viruses. To clarify the genetic characteristics of H4N2 viruses, the whole genome sequences of 20 H4N2 viruses were analyzed. Phylogenetical analysis showed that all 8 genes of these viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage and closely clustered with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from countries along the East Asia-Australia migratory route. However, the PB1 gene of 1 H4N2 virus (NH21920) might provide its internal gene for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses in Korea and Japan. At least 10 genotypes were identified in these viruses, indicating that they underwent multiple complex recombination events. Our study has provided a better epidemiological understanding of the H4N2 viruses in wild birds. Considering the mutational potential, comprehensive surveillance of the H4N2 virus in both poultry and wild birds is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Shanghai Wildlife and Protected Natural Areas Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunqi Bo
- Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ming
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Kaibo Sun
- Shanghai Forestry Station, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Liu
- Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Ashraf F, Khan MA, Ahmed N, Umar M, Khan MI, Akram M, Bhatti R, Malik K. Development of transgenic algae strain expressing CTB-M2e fusion gene an approach towards the development of a universal edible vaccine in algae. J Biotechnol 2023; 374:31-37. [PMID: 37481211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Avian Influenza, the most studied virus, is of high concern due to its zoonotic pandemic potential. In recent years, several influenza vaccines have been used with the broad goal of managing and in certain cases, eliminating the disease. The matrix 2 extracellular domain (M2e), is one of the key targets of the universal influenza vaccine, a liner peptide that is conserved throughout all influenza A subtypes virus. Many recombinant influenza proteins have been expressed in yeast and plants for vaccine development. A remarkable development has been made in the field of biotechnology to explore the potential of microalga as an expression host. In this study, we designed a fusion gene code for M2e peptide and CTB protein as M2e's natural form has a low level of immunogenicity. The fusion gene was cloned in the Chloroplast transformation vector pSRSapI and expressed in the TN72 mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. The expression of the targeted protein was confirmed by ECL western blot analysis. A GM1-ELISA was carried out to detect the affinity of fusion protein for GM1 monosialoganglioside and the significant P-value is lower than 0.05. Immunogenicity assay on chicken detected the anti-M2e bodies in chicken serum. This study gives evidence of therapeutic protein production through algae chloroplast and a stable, selection free and low cost oral delivery for universal vaccine against influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Ashraf
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Khan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Islam Khan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maham Akram
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Bhatti
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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20
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Ushine N, Ozawa M, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M, Kato T, Hayama SI. Evaluation of the Effect of Pb Pollution on Avian Influenza Virus-Specific Antibody Production in Black-Headed Gulls ( Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2338. [PMID: 37508115 PMCID: PMC10376737 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb), an environmental pollutant, has been widely reported to have contaminated mammals, including humans and birds. This study focuses on the effects of Pb pollution on avian influenza virus (AIV) antibody production. A total of 170 black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) were captured in Tokyo Bay (TBP) from January 2019 to April 2020 and in Mikawa Bay (MBP) from November 2019 to April 2021. The gulls were weighed, subjected to blood sampling, and released with a ring band on their tarsus. The samples were used to measure blood Pb levels (BLL) and AIV-specific antibodies. The BLL were compared using the Wilcoxon two-sample test between the period when black-headed gulls arrived and the wintering period, defined by the number of gulls counted in each area. A significant increase was found in the TBP. A decrease in BLL significantly increased antibody titer during wintering in TBP and MBP. Pb pollution had a negative effect on the production of AIV antibodies. These findings suggest that wild birds that were contaminated by Pb in the environment may facilitate the spread of zoonotic diseases, further increasing the possibility that environmental pollutants may threaten human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ushine
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-0023, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Hachioji 192-0364, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-0023, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-0023, Japan
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21
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Xie E, Ahmad S, Smyth RP, Sieben C. Advanced fluorescence microscopy in respiratory virus cell biology. Adv Virus Res 2023; 116:123-172. [PMID: 37524480 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a major public health burden across all age groups around the globe, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. They can be transmitted by multiple routes, including physical contact or droplets and aerosols, resulting in efficient spreading within the human population. Investigations of the cell biology of virus replication are thus of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of virus-induced pathogenicity and the development of antiviral countermeasures. Light and fluorescence microscopy techniques have revolutionized investigations of the cell biology of virus infection by allowing the study of the localization and dynamics of viral or cellular components directly in infected cells. Advanced microscopy including high- and super-resolution microscopy techniques available today can visualize biological processes at the single-virus and even single-molecule level, thus opening a unique view on virus infection. We will highlight how fluorescence microscopy has supported investigations on virus cell biology by focusing on three major respiratory viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2. We will review our current knowledge of virus replication and highlight how fluorescence microscopy has helped to improve our state of understanding. We will start by introducing major imaging and labeling modalities and conclude the chapter with a perspective discussion on remaining challenges and potential opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Xie
- Nanoscale Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shazeb Ahmad
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Redmond P Smyth
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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22
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Yan J, Cheng Q, Liu H, Wang L, Yu K. Sensitive and rapid detection of influenza A virus for disease surveillance using dual-probe electrochemical biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108497. [PMID: 37393678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause influenza, a highly infectious zoonotic respiratory disease, and early detection is essential to prevent and control its rapid spread in the population. Given the limitations of traditional detection methods in clinical laboratories, we report a large surface TPB-DVA COFs (TPB: 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene, DVA: 1,4-Benzenedicarboxaldehyd, COFs: Covalent organic frameworks) nanomaterial modified electrochemical DNA biosensor, which has dual-probe specific recognition and signal amplification. The biosensor enables quantitative detection of influenza A viruses' complementary DNA (cDNA) from 10 fM to 1 × 103 nM (LOD = 5.42 fM) with good specificity and high selectivity. The reliability of the biosensor and portable device was verified by comparing the virus concentrations in animal tissues with those measured by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) (P > 0.05). Moreover, the potential for influenza surveillance in this work was demonstrated by detecting the tissue samples from mice at different stages of infection. In summary, the good performance of this electrochemical DNA biosensor we proposed suggested it has the potential to be a rapid detection device for the influenza A virus, which could assist doctors or other professionals in obtaining rapid and accurate results for outbreak investigation and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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Fereidouni S, Starick E, Karamendin K, Genova CD, Scott SD, Khan Y, Harder T, Kydyrmanov A. Genetic characterization of a new candidate hemagglutinin subtype of influenza A viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023:2225645. [PMID: 37335000 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2225645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAvian influenza viruses (AIV) have been classified on the basis of 16 subtypes of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 subtypes of neuraminidase. Here we describe genomic evidence for a new candidate HA subtype, nominally H19, with a large genetic distance to all previously described AIV subtypes, derived from a cloacal swab sample of a Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) in Kazakhstan, in 2008. Avian influenza monitoring in wild birds especially in migratory hotspots such as central Asia is an important approach to gain information about the circulation of known and novel influenza viruses. Genetically, the novel HA coding sequence exhibits only 68.2% nucleotide and 68.5% amino acid identity with its nearest relation in the H9 (N2) subtype. The new HA sequence should be considered in current genomic diagnostic AI assays to facilitate its detection and eventual isolation enabling further study and antigenic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Fereidouni
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Elke Starick
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Kobey Karamendin
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Cecilia Di Genova
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Simon D Scott
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Yelizaveta Khan
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Timm Harder
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Aidyn Kydyrmanov
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
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24
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Rafique S, Rashid F, Mushtaq S, Ali A, Li M, Luo S, Xie L, Xie Z. Global review of the H5N8 avian influenza virus subtype. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200681. [PMID: 37333639 PMCID: PMC10272346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthomyxoviruses are negative-sense, RNA viruses with segmented genomes that are highly unstable due to reassortment. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 emerged in wild birds in China. Since its emergence, it has posed a significant threat to poultry and human health. Poultry meat is considered an inexpensive source of protein, but due to outbreaks of HPAI H5N8 from migratory birds in commercial flocks, the poultry meat industry has been facing severe financial crises. This review focuses on occasional epidemics that have damaged food security and poultry production across Europe, Eurasia, the Middle East, Africa, and America. HPAI H5N8 viral sequences have been retrieved from GISAID and analyzed. Virulent HPAI H5N8 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4b, Gs/GD lineage, and has been a threat to the poultry industry and the public in several countries since its first introduction. Continent-wide outbreaks have revealed that this virus is spreading globally. Thus, continuous sero- and viro-surveillance both in commercial and wild birds, and strict biosecurity reduces the risk of the HPAI virus appearing. Furthermore, homologous vaccination practices in commercial poultry need to be introduced to overcome the introduction of emergent strains. This review clearly indicates that HPAI H5N8 is a continuous threat to poultry and people and that further regional epidemiological studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rafique
- SB Diagnostic Laboratory, Sadiq Poultry Pvt. Ltd, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Rashid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Sajda Mushtaq
- SB Diagnostic Laboratory, Sadiq Poultry Pvt. Ltd, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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Simancas-Racines A, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Zambrano AK, Simancas-Racines D. Avian Influenza: Strategies to Manage an Outbreak. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040610. [PMID: 37111496 PMCID: PMC10145843 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease among the poultry population with high avian mortality, which generates significant economic losses and elevated costs for disease control and outbreak eradication. AI is caused by an RNA virus part of the Orthomyxoviridae family; however, only Influenzavirus A is capable of infecting birds. AI pathogenicity is based on the lethality, signs, and molecular characteristics of the virus. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus has a low mortality rate and ability to infect, whereas the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus can cross respiratory and intestinal barriers, diffuse to the blood, damage all tissues of the bird, and has a high mortality rate. Nowadays, avian influenza is a global public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Wild waterfowl is the natural reservoir of AI viruses, and the oral-fecal path is the main transmission route between birds. Similarly, transmission to other species generally occurs after virus circulation in densely populated infected avian species, indicating that AI viruses can adapt to promote the spread. Moreover, HPAI is a notifiable animal disease; therefore, all countries must report infections to the health authorities. Regarding laboratory diagnoses, the presence of influenza virus type A can be identified by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunofluorescence assays, and enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISAs). Furthermore, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is used for viral RNA detection and is considered the gold standard for the management of suspect and confirmed cases of AI. If there is suspicion of a case, epidemiological surveillance protocols must be initiated until a definitive diagnosis is obtained. Moreover, if there is a confirmed case, containment actions should be prompt and strict precautions must be taken when handling infected poultry cases or infected materials. The containment measures for confirmed cases include the sanitary slaughter of infected poultry using methods such as environment saturation with CO2, carbon dioxide foam, and cervical dislocation. For disposal, burial, and incineration, protocols should be followed. Lastly, disinfection of affected poultry farms must be carried out. The present review aims to provide an overview of the avian influenza virus, strategies for its management, the challenges an outbreak can generate, and recommendations for informed decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Simancas-Racines
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050108, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
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26
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Dutta AK, Gazi MS, Uddin SJ. A systemic review on medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents against avian influenza and further confirmation through in-silico analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14386. [PMID: 36925514 PMCID: PMC10011005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza or more commonly known as bird flu is a widespread infectious disease in poultry. This review aims to accumulate information of different natural plant sources that can aid in combating this disease. Influenza virus (IV) is known for its ability to mutate and infect different species (including humans) and cause fatal consequences. Methods Total 33 plants and 4 natural compounds were identified and documented. Molecular docking was performed against the target viral protein neuraminidase (NA), with some plant based natural compounds and compared their results with standard drugs Oseltamivir and Zanamivir to obtain novel drug targets for influenza in chickens. Results It was seen that most extracts exhibit their action by interacting with viral hemagglutinin or neuraminidase and inhibit viral entry or release from the host cell. Some plants also interacted with the viral RNA replication or by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Ethanol was mostly used for extraction. Among all the plants Theobroma cacao, Capparis Sinaica Veil, Androgarphis paniculate, Thallasodendron cillatum, Sinularia candidula, Larcifomes officinalis, Lenzites betulina, Datronia molis, Trametes gibbose exhibited their activity with least concentration (below 10 μg/ml). The dockings results showed that some natural compounds (5,7- dimethoxyflavone, Aloe emodin, Anthocyanins, Quercetin, Hemanthamine, Lyocrine, Terpenoid EA showed satisfactory binding affinity and binding specificity with viral neuraminidase compared to the synthetic drugs. Conclusion This review clusters up to date information of effective herbal plants to bolster future influenza treatment research in chickens. The in-silico analysis also suggests some potential targets for future drug development but these require more clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashit Kumar Dutta
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Gazi
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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27
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Wang S, Zhuang Q, Jiang N, Zhang F, Chen Q, Zhao R, Li Y, Yu X, Li J, Hou G, Yuan L, Sun F, Pan Z, Wang K. Reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for avian influenza virus. Virus Genes 2023; 59:410-416. [PMID: 36781819 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection can lead to severe economic losses in the poultry industry and causes a serious risk for humans. A rapid and simple test for suspected viral infection cases is crucial. In this study, a reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) for the rapid detection of all AIV subtypes was developed. The reaction temperature of the assays is at 39 °C and the detection process can be completed in less than 20 min. The specificity results of the assay showed that this method had no cross-reaction with other main respiratory viruses that affect birds, including Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The analytical sensitivity at a 95% confidence interval was 102 RNA copies per reaction. In comparison with a published assay for reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the κ value of the RT-RAA assay in 384 avian clinical samples was 0.942 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RAA assay for avian clinical sample detection was determined as 97.59% (95% CI 93.55-99.23%) and 96.79% (95% CI 93.22-98.59%), respectively. The RT-RAA assay for AIV in this study provided an effective and practicable tool for AIV molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Yanbian University, Agricultural College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- Yanbian University, Agricultural College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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28
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Lv X, Tian J, Li X, Bai X, Li Y, Li M, An Q, Song X, Xu Y, Sun H, Peng P, Qin S, Zhao Z, Qin R, Xu Q, Qu F, Wang M, Luo H, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhou X, Wang Y, Li Y, Chai H. H10Nx avian influenza viruses detected in wild birds in China pose potential threat to mammals. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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29
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Van Borm S, Boseret G, Dellicour S, Steensels M, Roupie V, Vandenbussche F, Mathijs E, Vilain A, Driesen M, Dispas M, Delcloo AW, Lemey P, Mertens I, Gilbert M, Lambrecht B, van den Berg T. Combined Phylogeographic Analyses and Epidemiologic Contact Tracing to Characterize Atypically Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H3N1) Epidemic, Belgium, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:351-359. [PMID: 36692362 PMCID: PMC9881769 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.220765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high economic impact and zoonotic potential of avian influenza call for detailed investigations of dispersal dynamics of epidemics. We integrated phylogeographic and epidemiologic analyses to investigate the dynamics of a low pathogenicity avian influenza (H3N1) epidemic that occurred in Belgium during 2019. Virus genomes from 104 clinical samples originating from 85% of affected farms were sequenced. A spatially explicit phylogeographic analysis confirmed a dominating northeast to southwest dispersal direction and a long-distance dispersal event linked to direct live animal transportation between farms. Spatiotemporal clustering, transport, and social contacts strongly correlated with the phylogeographic pattern of the epidemic. We detected only a limited association between wind direction and direction of viral lineage dispersal. Our results highlight the multifactorial nature of avian influenza epidemics and illustrate the use of genomic analyses of virus dispersal to complement epidemiologic and environmental data, improve knowledge of avian influenza epidemiologic dynamics, and enhance control strategies.
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Ghalekhani N, Bokaie S, Eybpoosh S, Akbarein H, Sharifi H. Reconstruction of molecular evolution of human influenza A H1N1/2009 virus in Iran and neighboring countries. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5965-5974. [PMID: 36000444 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the time and path of transmission of H1N1 serotype influenza A viruses in Iran and neighboring countries have been investigated by using Bayesian phylogeography analysis on the sequences extracted from the gene bank. We obtained all hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H1N1 available up to December 25, 2020, from Iran and its neighboring countries (i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq). We also performed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to infer the evolutionary dynamic and the most recent common ancestor for the HA and NA sequences. Based on the extracted sequences, the age of emergence of H1N1 influenza virus serotype was older in Iran compared to neighboring countries, and with some degree of uncertainty, it seems Tehran had a key role and epicenter of transmission to other cities within Iran. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of H1N1 viruses was 1989 (95% HPD: 1980-1994) for HA and NA as well. Along with ordinary measures like resource management, diagnostic approaches, and preparedness to fight against viruses that were in place, continuous monitoring, and screening of H1N1 serotype influenza virus in the country, especially by implementation of feasible, effective, and innovative measures at borderline should be initiated and identified gaps and shortage that should be a priority for virus control. It is also important for countries to have a regional monitoring program in addition to internal monitoring programs, as well as to start a virus molecular care program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghalekhani
- Divisions of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Divisions of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesameddin Akbarein
- Divisions of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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31
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Larbi I, Ghedira K, Arbi M, Butcher GD, Rego N, Naya H, Tougorti H, Lachhab J, Behi IE, Nsiri J, Ghram A. Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the pathogenic potential of the first H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds and Lagoon water in Tunisia. Virus Res 2022; 322:198929. [PMID: 36126884 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been isolated from various species of wild birds and domestic poultry worldwide. It has been reported since the late 1990s, that H9N2 AIV has infected humans as reported in some Asian and North African countries. This subtype has already been circulating and constituting a serious threat to the poultry industry in Tunisia back in 2009. To investigate zoonotic potential and pathogenicity of H9N2 AIV in chickens and mice in Tunisia, five strains have been isolated during the period from 2014 to 2018. Samples were withdrawn from several wild bird species and environment (Lagoon water) of Maamoura and Korba Lagoons as well as Kuriat Island. Phylogenetic analyzes demonstrated that the isolated H9N2 strains belonged to the G1-like sublineage and were close to AIV H9N2 poultry viruses from North Africa, West Africa and the Middle East. All strains carried in their hemagglutinin the residue 226 L, which is an important marker for avian-to-human viral transmission. The hemagglutinin cleavage site has several motifs: PSKSSR/G, PARSSR/G and HARSSR/G. The neuraminidase showed S372A and R403W substitutions that have been previously detected in H3N2 and H2N2 viruses that were reported in human pandemics. Many mutations associated with mammalian infections have been detected in internal proteins. Pathogenicity evaluation in chickens showed that GF/14 replicates effectively in the lungs, tracheas, spleens, kidneys and brains and that it was transmitted among contact chickens. However, GHG/18 replicates poorly in chickens and has not an efficient transmission in contact chickens. GF/14 and GHG/18 could not kill mice though they replicated in their respiratory tract and caused a significant body weight loss (p < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of H9N2 AIV monitoring in both migratory birds and the environment to prevent virus transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Larbi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Ghedira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Arbi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gary David Butcher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalia Rego
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departmento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Halima Tougorti
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Lachhab
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen El Behi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Nsiri
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, LR19IPT03, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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32
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Understanding the Role of HLA Class I Molecules in the Immune Response to Influenza Infection and Rational Design of a Peptide-Based Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112578. [PMID: 36423187 PMCID: PMC9695287 DOI: 10.3390/v14112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen that is responsible for regular epidemics and occasional pandemics that result in substantial damage to life and the economy. The yearly reformulation of trivalent or quadrivalent flu vaccines encompassing surface glycoproteins derived from the current circulating strains of the virus does not provide sufficient cross-protection against mismatched strains. Unlike the current vaccines that elicit a predominant humoral response, vaccines that induce CD8+ T cells have demonstrated a capacity to provide cross-protection against different influenza strains, including novel influenza viruses. Immunopeptidomics, the mass spectrometric identification of human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA)-bound peptides isolated from infected cells, has recently provided key insights into viral peptides that can serve as potential T cell epitopes. The critical elements required for a strong and long-living CD8+ T cell response are related to both HLA restriction and the immunogenicity of the viral peptide. This review examines the importance of HLA and the viral immunopeptidome for the design of a universal influenza T-cell-based vaccine.
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Phyu WW, Saito R, Kyaw Y, Lin N, Win SMK, Win NC, Ja LD, Htwe KTZ, Aung TZ, Tin HH, Pe EH, Chon I, Wagatsuma K, Watanabe H. Evolutionary Dynamics of Whole-Genome Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Isolated in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112414. [PMID: 36366512 PMCID: PMC9699102 DOI: 10.3390/v14112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of the influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019. Whole genomes from 79 virus isolates were amplified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and successfully sequenced using the Illumina iSeq100 platforms. Eight individual phylogenetic trees were retrieved for each segment along with those of the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains for the respective years. Based on the WHO clades classification, the A/H3N2 strains in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019 collectively belonged to clade 3c.2. These strains were further defined based on hemagglutinin substitutions as follows: clade 3C.2a (n = 39), 3C.2a1 (n = 2), and 3C.2a1b (n = 38). Genetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains differed from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains each year, indicating that the vaccine strains did not match the circulating strains. The highest rates of nucleotide substitution were estimated for hemagglutinin (3.37 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year) and neuraminidase (2.89 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year). The lowest rate was for non-structural protein segments (4.19 × 10-5 substitutions/site/year). The substantial genetic diversity that was revealed improved phylogenetic classification. This information will be particularly relevant for improving vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2129
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, ThingangyunSanpya General Hospital, Yangon 110-71, Myanmar
| | - Nay Lin
- Microbiology Section, (200) Bedded Pyinmana General Hospital, Naypyitaw 150-31, Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Khin Thu Zar Htwe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine, Mandalay 050-21, Myanmar
| | - Thin Zar Aung
- Microbiology Section, Mandalay General Hospital, Mandalay 050-31, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Eh Htoo Pe
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Hu Q, Liu B, Fan Y, Zheng Y, Wen F, Yu U, Wang W. Multi-omics association analysis reveals interactions between the oropharyngeal microbiome and the metabolome in pediatric patients with influenza A virus pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1011254. [PMID: 36389138 PMCID: PMC9651038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Children are at high risk for influenza A virus (IAV) infections, which can develop into severe illnesses. However, little is known about interactions between the microbiome and respiratory tract metabolites and their impact on the development of IAV pneumonia in children. Using a combination of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the composition and metabolic profile of the oropharyngeal microbiota in 49 pediatric patients with IAV pneumonia and 42 age-matched healthy children. The results indicate that compared to healthy children, children with IAV pneumonia exhibited significant changes in the oropharyngeal macrobiotic structure (p = 0.001), and significantly lower microbial abundance and diversity (p < 0.05). These changes came with significant disturbances in the levels of oropharyngeal metabolites. Intergroup differences were observed in 204 metabolites mapped to 36 metabolic pathways. Significantly higher levels of sphingolipid (sphinganine and phytosphingosine) and propanoate (propionic acid and succinic acid) metabolism were observed in patients with IAV pneumonia than in healthy controls. Using Spearman’s rank-correlation analysis, correlations between IAV pneumonia-associated discriminatory microbial genera and metabolites were evaluated. The results indicate significant correlations and consistency in variation trends between Streptococcus and three sphingolipid metabolites (phytosphingosine, sphinganine, and sphingosine). Besides these three sphingolipid metabolites, the sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio and the joint analysis of the three metabolites indicated remarkable diagnostic efficacy in children with IAV pneumonia. This study confirmed significant changes in the characteristics and metabolic profile of the oropharyngeal microbiome in pediatric patients with IAV pneumonia, with high synergy between the two factors. Oropharyngeal sphingolipid metabolites may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers of IAV pneumonia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baiming Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqun Fan
- Department of Trans-omics Research, Biotree Metabolomics Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Uet Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjian Wang, ; Uet Yu,
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjian Wang, ; Uet Yu,
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Rehman S, Effendi MH, Shehzad A, Rahman A, Rahmahani J, Witaningrum AM, Bilal M. Prevalence and associated risk factors of avian influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 in LBMs of East Java province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Avian influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 are contagious zoonotic diseases that are circulating in Indonesia and have raised increasing concern about their potential impacts on poultry and public health. A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of avian influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 among poultry in the live bird markets of four cities in East Java province, Indonesia.
Methods
A total of 600 tracheal and cloacal swabs (267 from backyards, 179 from broilers, and 154 from layers) from healthy birds were collected. The samples were inoculated into specific pathogenic-free embryonated eggs at 9-day-old via the allantoic cavity. qRT-PCR was used for further identification of avian influenza.
Results
The overall prevalence of circulating influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 was 3.8% (23/600, 95%CI [0.0229–0.0537]). Prevalence was higher in backyards at 5.99% (16/267) followed by broilers (2.23% (4/179)) and layers (1.68% (3/154)). The final multivariable model revealed five risk factors for H9N2 infections: presence of ducks (p = 0.003, OR = 38.2), turkeys (p = 0.017 OR = 0.032), and pheasants in the stall (p = 0.04, OR = 18.422), dry (p = 0.006) and rainy season (p < 0.001), and household birds (p = 0.002) and seven factors for H5N1 infections including: observing rodents (p = 0.036, OR = 0.005), stray dogs access (p = 0.004 OR ≤ 0.001), presence of turkeys (p = 0.03 OR = 0.007), chukars/partridges (p = 0.024 OR = 2500), and peafowls in the stalls (p = 0.0043 OR ≤ 0.001), rainy season (p = 0.001) and birds from the household sources (p = 0.002) in the live bird markets.
Conclusions
The findings of the current study illustrate the recurring infection and presence of both avian influenza viruses and associated risk factors in the surveyed marketplaces. Effective protective measures and mitigation strategies for risks outlined in this study could help to reduce the burden of H5N1 and H9N2 AI subtypes into the live bird markets of Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur Rehman
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Attaur Rahman
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Jola Rahmahani
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Taha MJJ, Abuawwad MT, Alrubasy WA, Sameer SK, Alsafi T, Al-Bustanji Y, Abu-Ismail L, Nashwan AJ. Ocular manifestations of recent viral pandemics: A literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1011335. [PMID: 36213628 PMCID: PMC9537761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1011335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pandemics often take the world by storm, urging the medical community to prioritize the most evident systemic manifestations, often causing ocular manifestations to go unnoticed. This literature review highlights the ocular complications of the Monkeypox, SARS-CoV-2, MERS, Ebola, H1N1, and Zika viruses as the most recent viral pandemics. Research into the effects of these pandemics began immediately. Moreover, it also discusses the ocular complications of the vaccines and treatments that were used in the scope of the viral pandemics. Additionally, this review discusses the role of the eye as an important route of viral transmission, and thereafter, the International recommendations to reduce the incidence of viral transmission were mentioned. Lastly, this paper wants to lay out a platform for researchers who want to learn more about how viruses show up in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J. J. Taha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad T. Abuawwad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Warda A. Alrubasy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shams Khalid Sameer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taleb Alsafi
- Department of Optometry, Western University College of Optometry, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Yaqeen Al-Bustanji
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Luai Abu-Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Department of Nursing Education and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
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Liu Y, Jin W, Guan W, Zeng Z, Yang Z. The genetic characterization of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) genes of H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in Guangdong Province of China during 2019-2020. Virus Genes 2022; 58:392-402. [PMID: 35900664 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, which can cause virus antigenic drift to escape human herd immunity, is a significant public health problem. Here, we obtained hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and polymerase acidic protein (PA) the gene sequences of 84 influenza virus isolates collected in Guangdong Province during the 2019-2020 influenza season. Phylogenetic analyses revealed all these isolates were genetically similar to the viruses of clade 3C2a A1b, specifically those within subclades of A1b 137F (59 cases), A1b 186D (19 cases), and A1b 94 N (6 cases). The influenza virus isolates were distinct from the World Health Organization recommended influenza A vaccine virus for the 2019-2020 Northern Hemisphere season (A/Kansas/14/2017; H3N2). Phylogenies inferred from the individual gene segment sequences revealed that one reassortment event occurred among these clades. The genetic variation involved mutations within viral antigenic epitopes and two N-glycosylation site alterations. The novel mutation sites of G202D and D206N in the HA gene, E344K in the NA gene, and K626R in the PA gene which may affect the spread of the virus were observed. We investigated the evolution of these genes and found that the HA and NA genes were under greater pressure than PA gene. Mutations associated with conferring resistance to NA inhibitors or baloxavir acid were not found. Our results suggest that a rapid evolution of the H3N2 influenza virus occurred, thus continuous monitoring is critical for establishing appropriate vaccine formulations or drug delivery for targeting influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Kingmed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Jin
- Kingmed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Prosperi A, Soliani L, Canelli E, Baioni L, Gabbi V, Torreggiani C, Manfredi R, Calanchi I, Pupillo G, Barsi F, Bassi P, Fiorentini L, Frasnelli M, Fontana MC, Luppi A, Chiapponi C. Influenza A in Wild Boars: Viral Circulation in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Italy) between 2017 and 2022. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121593. [PMID: 35739929 PMCID: PMC9220169 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wild boars and feral pigs are underinvestigated hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs). This study confirmed and evaluated viral circulation in the Emilia-Romagna wild boar population between 2017 and 2022. Samples were collected at post mortems and screened for IAVs; 0.37% of the tested animals provided positive results. Positive samples were subtyped, isolated, and genotyped via full-genome sequencing. The results highlight the co-circulation of the same viral genotypes in overlapping years in both pigs and wild boars in the same geographical area. Considering the role of domestic and wild Sus scrofa species in the IAVs’ ecology, surveillance against these viruses in the wild boar population needs to be implemented. Abstract A systematic surveillance against influenza A viruses (IAVs) in the Suidae population is essential, considering their role as IAV mixing vessels. However, the viral circulation in wild Sus scrofa species is poorly investigated in comparison to the knowledge of IAV infection dynamics in domestic pigs. This study investigated the circulation and the genetic diversity of wild boars’ IAVs detected in the Emilia-Romagna region (2017–2022). A total of 4605 lung samples were screened via an M gene real-time RT-PCR for SwIAV; positive samples were subtyped by multiplex RT-PCR, and viral isolation was attempted. Isolated strains (3 out of the 17 positives) were fully sequenced to evaluate viral genotypic diversity. H1N1 was the most frequently detected subtype, with identification of H1pdm09N1 and H1avN1. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis revealed SwIAVs belonging to different genotypes, with different genetic combinations, and highlighted the simultaneous circulation of the same genotypes in both pigs and wild boars, supporting the hypothesis of SwIAV spillover events at the wildlife–livestock interface. This study represents an update on the wild boar SwIAV Italian situation, and the strains’ complete genome analysis showed an evolving and interesting situation that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Prosperi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-293733
| | - Laura Soliani
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Canelli
- Swine Pratictioner—ECPHM Diplomate, 42030 Viano, Italy;
| | - Laura Baioni
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Valentina Gabbi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Camilla Torreggiani
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Roberta Manfredi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Irene Calanchi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Giovanni Pupillo
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Filippo Barsi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Patrizia Bassi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Fiorentini
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Frasnelli
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Fontana
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Andrea Luppi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
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Genetic Determinants for Virulence and Transmission of the Panzootic Avian Influenza Virus H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 in Pekin Ducks. J Virol 2022; 96:e0014922. [PMID: 35670594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00149-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterfowl is the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV), where the infection is mostly asymptomatic. In 2016, the panzootic high pathogenicity (HP) AIV H5N8 of clade 2.3.4.4B (designated H5N8-B) caused significant mortality in wild and domestic ducks, in stark contrast to the predecessor 2.3.4.4A virus from 2014 (designated H5N8-A). Here, we studied the genetic determinants for virulence and transmission of H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 in Pekin ducks. While ducks inoculated with recombinant H5N8-A did not develop any clinical signs, H5N8-B-inoculated and cohoused ducks died after showing neurological signs. Swapping of the HA gene segments did not increase virulence of H5N8-A but abolished virulence and reduced systemic replication of H5N8-B. Only H5N8-A carrying H5N8-B HA, NP, and NS with or without NA exhibited high virulence in inoculated and contact ducks, similar to H5N8-B. Compared to H5N8-A, HA, NA, NS, and NP proteins of H5N8-B possess peculiar differences, which conferred increased receptor binding affinity, neuraminidase activity, efficiency to inhibit interferon-alpha induction, and replication in vitro, respectively. Taken together, this comprehensive study showed that HA is not the only virulence determinant of the panzootic H5N8-B in Pekin ducks, but NP, NS, and to a lesser extent NA were also necessary for the exhibition of high virulence in vivo. These proteins acted synergistically to increase receptor binding affinity, sialidase activity, interferon antagonism, and replication. This is the first ad-hoc study to investigate the mechanism underlying the high virulence of HPAIV in Pekin ducks. IMPORTANCE Since 2014, several waves of avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N8 of clade 2.3.4.4 occurred globally on unprecedented levels. Unlike viruses in the first wave in 2014-2015 (H5N8-A), viruses in 2015-2016 (H5N8-B) exhibited unusually high pathogenicity (HP) in wild and domestic ducks. Here, we found that the high virulence of H5N8-B in Pekin ducks could be attributed to multiple factors in combination, namely, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Compared to H5N8-A, H5N8-B possesses distinct genetic and biological properties including increased HA receptor-binding affinity and neuraminidase activity. Likewise, H5N8-B NS1 and NP were more efficient to inhibit interferon induction and enhance replication in primary duck cells, respectively. These results indicate the polygenic trait of virulence of HPAIV in domestic ducks and the altered biological properties of the HPAIV H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4B. These findings may explain the unusual high mortality in Pekin ducks during the panzootic H5N8 outbreaks.
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Ferreira LLC, Abreu MP, Costa CB, Leda PO, Behrens MD, Dos Santos EP. Curcumin and Its Analogs as a Therapeutic Strategy in Infections Caused by RNA Genome Viruses. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:120-137. [PMID: 35352306 PMCID: PMC8963406 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural resources for the prevention and treatment of diseases considered fatal to humanity has evolved. Several medicinal plants have nutritional and pharmacological potential in the prevention and treatment of viral infections, among them, turmeric, which is recognized for its biological properties associated with curcuminoids, mainly represented by curcumin, and found mostly in rhizomes. The purpose of this review was to compile the pharmacological activities of curcumin and its analogs, aiming at stimulating their use as a therapeutic strategy to treat infections caused by RNA genome viruses. We revisited its historical application as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral agent that combined with low toxicity, motivated research against viruses affecting the population for decades. Most findings concentrate particularly on arboviruses, HIV, and the recent SARS-CoV-2. As one of the main conclusions, associating curcuminoids with nanomaterials increases solubility, bioavailability, and antiviral effects, characterized by blocking the entry of the virus into the cell or by inhibiting key enzymes in viral replication and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leide Lene C Ferreira
- Herbal Medicines Department, Vital Brazil Institute, Maestro José Botelho, 64, Santa Rosa, CEP 24.230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
- Galenic Development Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marina P Abreu
- Herbal Medicines Department, Vital Brazil Institute, Maestro José Botelho, 64, Santa Rosa, CEP 24.230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila B Costa
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory, Vital Brazil Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo O Leda
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Dutra Behrens
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Pereira Dos Santos
- Galenic Development Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hill NJ, Bishop MA, Trovão NS, Ineson KM, Schaefer AL, Puryear WB, Zhou K, Foss AD, Clark DE, MacKenzie KG, Gass JD, Borkenhagen LK, Hall JS, Runstadler JA. Ecological divergence of wild birds drives avian influenza spillover and global spread. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010062. [PMID: 35588106 PMCID: PMC9119557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of influenza A viruses (IAV) is primarily hosted by two highly divergent avian orders: Anseriformes (ducks, swans and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, terns and shorebirds). Studies of IAV have historically focused on Anseriformes, specifically dabbling ducks, overlooking the diversity of hosts in nature, including gull and goose species that have successfully adapted to human habitats. This study sought to address this imbalance by characterizing spillover dynamics and global transmission patterns of IAV over 10 years at greater taxonomic resolution than previously considered. Furthermore, the circulation of viral subtypes in birds that are either host-adapted (low pathogenic H13, H16) or host-generalist (highly pathogenic avian influenza—HPAI H5) provided a unique opportunity to test and extend models of viral evolution. Using Bayesian phylodynamic modelling we uncovered a complex transmission network that relied on ecologically divergent bird hosts. The generalist subtype, HPAI H5 was driven largely by wild geese and swans that acted as a source for wild ducks, gulls, land birds, and domestic geese. Gulls were responsible for moving HPAI H5 more rapidly than any other host, a finding that may reflect their long-distance, pelagic movements and their immuno-naïve status against this subtype. Wild ducks, long viewed as primary hosts for spillover, occupied an optimal space for viral transmission, contributing to geographic expansion and rapid dispersal of HPAI H5. Evidence of inter-hemispheric dispersal via both the Pacific and Atlantic Rims was detected, supporting surveillance at high latitudes along continental margins to achieve early detection. Both neutral (geographic expansion) and non-neutral (antigenic selection) evolutionary processes were found to shape subtype evolution which manifested as unique geographic hotspots for each subtype at the global scale. This study reveals how a diversity of avian hosts contribute to viral spread and spillover with the potential to improve surveillance in an era of rapid global change. Our study provides novel insights into the biology of influenza A virus (IAV), which is timely in view of the unusually large number of animal and human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 across Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Currently we face challenges with predicting how the avian reservoir will influence IAV spread because the mechanisms by which different subtypes disperse are not well understood. Our study sought to address this knowledge gap by systematically comparing the evolutionary dynamics that drive IAV transmission across subtypes and bird hosts with the goal of identifying spillover pathways at the wild-domestic interface. By analyzing the evolution of IAV over 10 years at greater taxonomic resolution than previously considered, we uncovered a complex transmission network that relied on ecologically divergent bird hosts. Domestic birds were responsible for slow but steady range expansion of HPAI H5, while wild birds such as geese, swans, gulls and ducks contibuted to rapid but episodic dispersal via uniquely different pathways. By assessing how virus-host systems are coupled, findings from this study have the potential to refine and enhance global surveillance and outbreak prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mary Anne Bishop
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Nídia S. Trovão
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Ineson
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne L. Schaefer
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Wendy B. Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexa D. Foss
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Clark
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. MacKenzie
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathon D. Gass
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura K. Borkenhagen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Xu W, Navarro-López R, Solis-Hernandez M, Liljehult-Fuentes F, Molina-Montiel M, Lagunas-Ayala M, Rocha-Martinez M, Ferrara-Tijera E, Pérez de la Rosa J, Berhane Y. Evolutionary Dynamics of Mexican Lineage H5N2 Avian Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050958. [PMID: 35632700 PMCID: PMC9146523 DOI: 10.3390/v14050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated for the first time a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) using complete genome sequences (n = 189), from its first isolation in 1993 until 2019. Our study showed that the Mexican lineage H5N2 AIV originated from the North American wild bird gene pool viruses around 1990 and is currently circulating in poultry populations of Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Taiwan. Since the implementation of vaccination in 1995, the highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) H5N2 virus was eradicated from Mexican poultry in mid-1995. However, the low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) H5N2 virus has continued to circulate in domestic poultry populations in Mexico, eventually evolving into five distinct clades. In the current study, we demonstrate that the evolution of Mexican lineage H5N2 AIVs involves gene reassortments and mutations gained over time. The current circulating Mexican lineage H5N2 AIVs are classified as LPAIV based on the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein cleavage site motif as well as the results of the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI). The immune pressure from vaccinations most likely has played a significant role in the positive selection of antigenic drift mutants within the Mexican H5N2 AIVs. Most of the identified substitutions in these viruses are located on the critical antigenic residues of the HA protein and as a result, might have contributed to vaccine failures. This study highlights and stresses the need for vaccine updates while emphasizing the importance of continued molecular monitoring of the HA protein for its antigenic changes compared to the vaccines used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Xu
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada;
| | - Roberto Navarro-López
- Animal Health General Directorate, Animal and Plant Health, Food Inspection and Food Safety National Services (SENASICA), Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), Mexico City 06470, Mexico; (R.N.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.L.-A.); (M.R.-M.); (E.F.-T.); (J.P.d.l.R.)
| | - Mario Solis-Hernandez
- United States-Mexico Commission for the Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other Exotic Diseases of Animals, Mexico City 64590, Mexico; (M.S.-H.); (F.L.-F.)
| | - Francisco Liljehult-Fuentes
- United States-Mexico Commission for the Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other Exotic Diseases of Animals, Mexico City 64590, Mexico; (M.S.-H.); (F.L.-F.)
| | - Miguel Molina-Montiel
- Animal Health General Directorate, Animal and Plant Health, Food Inspection and Food Safety National Services (SENASICA), Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), Mexico City 06470, Mexico; (R.N.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.L.-A.); (M.R.-M.); (E.F.-T.); (J.P.d.l.R.)
| | - María Lagunas-Ayala
- Animal Health General Directorate, Animal and Plant Health, Food Inspection and Food Safety National Services (SENASICA), Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), Mexico City 06470, Mexico; (R.N.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.L.-A.); (M.R.-M.); (E.F.-T.); (J.P.d.l.R.)
| | - Marisol Rocha-Martinez
- Animal Health General Directorate, Animal and Plant Health, Food Inspection and Food Safety National Services (SENASICA), Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), Mexico City 06470, Mexico; (R.N.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.L.-A.); (M.R.-M.); (E.F.-T.); (J.P.d.l.R.)
| | - Eduardo Ferrara-Tijera
- Animal Health General Directorate, Animal and Plant Health, Food Inspection and Food Safety National Services (SENASICA), Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), Mexico City 06470, Mexico; (R.N.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.L.-A.); (M.R.-M.); (E.F.-T.); (J.P.d.l.R.)
| | - Juan Pérez de la Rosa
- Animal Health General Directorate, Animal and Plant Health, Food Inspection and Food Safety National Services (SENASICA), Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), Mexico City 06470, Mexico; (R.N.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.L.-A.); (M.R.-M.); (E.F.-T.); (J.P.d.l.R.)
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada;
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2S2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-7062
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Turkeys possess div6erse Siaα2-3Gal glycans that facilitate their dual susceptibility to avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks and chickens. Virus Res 2022; 315:198771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ineson KM, Hill NJ, Clark DE, MacKenzie KG, Whitney JJ, Laskaris Y, Ronconi RA, Ellis JC, Giroux JF, Lair S, Stevens S, Puryear WB, Runstadler JA. Age and season predict influenza A virus dynamics in urban gulls: consequences for natural hosts in unnatural landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2497. [PMID: 34783416 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gulls are ubiquitous in urban areas due to a growing reliance on anthropogenic feeding sites, which has led to changes in their abundance, distribution, and migration ecology, with implications for disease transmission. Gulls offer a valuable model for testing hypotheses regarding the dynamics of influenza A virus (IAV) - for which gulls are a natural reservoir in urban areas. We sampled sympatric populations of Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis), Herring (L. argentatus), and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) along the densely populated Atlantic rim of North America to understand how IAV transmission is influenced by drivers such as annual cycle, host species, age, habitat type, and their interplay. We found that horizontal transmission, rather than vertical transmission, played an outsized role in the amplification of IAV due to the convergence of gulls from different breeding grounds and age classes. We detected overlapping effects of age and season in our prevalence model, identifying juveniles during autumn as the primary drivers of the seasonal epidemic in gulls. Gulls accumulated immunity over their lifespan, however short-term fluctuations in seroprevalence were observed, suggesting that migration may impose limits on the immune system to maintain circulating antibodies. We found that gulls in coastal urban habitats had higher viral prevalence than gulls captured inland, correlating with higher richness of waterbird species along the coast, a mechanism supported by our movement data. The peak in viral prevalence in newly fledged gulls that are capable of long-distance movement has important implications for the spread of pathogens to novel hosts during the migratory season as well as for human health as gulls increasingly utilize urban habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ineson
- Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
| | - Nichola J Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Daniel E Clark
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Kenneth G MacKenzie
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Jillian J Whitney
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Yianni Laskaris
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Galloway, New Jersey, 08205, USA
| | - Robert A Ronconi
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, 19348, USA
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Centre québécois sur la santé des animaux sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Skyler Stevens
- Division of Mathematics, Physical, and Natural Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, New Mexico, 87301, USA
| | - Wendy B Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
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Zhang R, Liu R, Huang Y, Chen Z, Cheng L, Fu G, Shi S, Chen H, Wan C, Fu Q. WITHDRAWN: Molecular Evolution and Amino Acid Characteristics of Main Antigen Genes of Clinical Duck-Derived H5N6 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus in East China from 2015 to 2019. Avian Dis 2022; 66:1. [PMID: 35092235 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China,
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
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Ge Z, Xu L, Hu X, Zhu S, Zhao Y, Li Y, Liu K, Gao R, Wang X, Hu J, Liu X, Hu S, Peng D, Gu M, Liu X. Phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization of two novel clade 2.3.2.1 H5N2 subtype avian influenza viruses from chickens in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105205. [PMID: 34999002 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extended co-circulation of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses and H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses has inevitably facilitated gene reassortment between the two subtypes in fields. And, novel reassortant H5NX viruses harboring partial or even whole sets of H9N2 internal genes have continuously been detected, such as clade 2.3.4.4 H5N2 or H5N6 reassortants. Here, we report two novel H5N2 subtype HPAI isolates of HF9 and QY5 from chickens in live poultry markets during routine surveillance in 2018. Phylogenetic analysis showed that those two H5N2 strains both possessed the HA genes from clade 2.3.2.1e of H5N1 viruses but all the other seven gene segments consistently from the endemic S genotype of H9N2 subtype viruses. Further analysis revealed that HF9 and QY5 differed only in six sites including K353R, A588T and T661I in PB2, I682V and L704S in PB1 plus G631S in PA at the amino acid level. A chicken regression experiment confirmed that both HF9 and QY5 were lethal infection to all tested chickens via contact transmission. Moreover, those two isolates could immediately replicate in mice lungs without adaptation. However, mortality rate of those two variants were distinct in mice model, HF9 with 100% but QY5 with just 20% at the infection dosage of 106.0EID50 per mouse. We suppose that the phenotypic difference may probably be attributed to the amino acid substitutions in the polymerase genes between the two isolates that constitute of a subject of further ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuang Ge
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Yangzhou Customs, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaomiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yang Li
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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47
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Verma AK, Kumar M, Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Namdeo P, Singh R, Mishra S, Kombiah S, Dhanapal S, Singh VP. Experimental Infection and In-Contact Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Crows. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030304. [PMID: 35335628 PMCID: PMC8955285 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of H9N2 avian influenza virus to cause disease and intra-species transmission in house crows (Corvus splendens). A group of six crows were intranasally inoculated with 106.0 EID50 of H9N2 virus (A/chicken/India/07OR17/2021), and 24 h post-inoculation six naïve crows were co-housed with infected crows. Crows were observed for 14 days for any overt signs of illness. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected up to 14 days to assess virus excretion. No apparent clinical signs were observed in either infected or in-contact crows. Virus excretion was observed only in infected birds up to 9 days post-infection (dpi) through both oropharyngeal and cloacal routes. All six infected crows seroconverted to H9N2 virus at 14 dpi, whereas all in-contact crows remained negative to H9N2 virus antibodies. No virus could be isolated from tissues viz., lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. Although crows became infected with the H9N2 virus, transmission of the virus was inefficient to the in-contact group. However, virus excretion through oral and cloacal swabs from infected crows suggests a potential threat for inter-species transmission, including humans. Crows, being a common synanthrope species, might have some role in influenza virus transmission to poultry and humans, which needs to be explored further.
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Hassan KE, Ahrens AK, Ali A, El-Kady MF, Hafez HM, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder T. Improved Subtyping of Avian Influenza Viruses Using an RT-qPCR-Based Low Density Array: 'Riems Influenza a Typing Array', Version 2 (RITA-2). Viruses 2022; 14:415. [PMID: 35216008 PMCID: PMC8879595 DOI: 10.3390/v14020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) variants emerge frequently, which challenges rapid diagnosis. Appropriate diagnosis reaching the sub- and pathotype level is the basis of combatting notifiable AIV infections. Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) has become a standard diagnostic tool. Here, a total of 24 arrayed RT-qPCRs is introduced for full subtyping of 16 hemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtypes of AIV. This array, designated Riems Influenza A Typing Array version 2 (RITA-2), represents an updated and economized version of the RITA-1 array previously published by Hoffmann et al. RITA-2 provides improved integration of assays (24 instead of 32 parallel reactions) and reduced assay volume (12.5 µL). The technique also adds RT-qPCRs to detect Newcastle Disease (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis viruses (IBV). In addition, it maximizes inclusivity (all sequences within one subtype) and exclusivity (no intersubtypic cross-reactions) as shown in validation runs using a panel of 428 AIV reference isolates, 15 reference samples each of NDV and IBV, and 122 clinical samples. The open format of RITA-2 is particularly tailored to subtyping influenza A virus of avian hosts and Eurasian geographic origin. Decoupling and re-arranging selected RT-qPCRs to detect specific AIV variants causing epizootic outbreaks with a temporal and/or geographic restriction is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem E. Hassan
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (K.E.H.); (A.K.A.); (M.B.)
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.F.E.-K.)
| | - Ann Kathrin Ahrens
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (K.E.H.); (A.K.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.F.E.-K.)
| | - Magdy F. El-Kady
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.F.E.-K.)
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (K.E.H.); (A.K.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (K.E.H.); (A.K.A.); (M.B.)
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49
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Chaiyawong S, Charoenkul K, Udom K, Chamsai E, Jairak W, Boonyapisitsopa S, Bunpapong N, Amonsin A. Genetic characterization of influenza A virus subtypes H11N6, H11N7, and H11N9 isolated from free-grazing ducks, Thailand. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:726-739. [PMID: 35001520 PMCID: PMC9178063 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) infect avian species and several mammalian species including humans. Anseriformes water birds are an important reservoir of IAVs. In this study, we identified and characterized IAV subtypes H11N6 (n = 5), H11N7 (n = 3), and H11N9 (n = 3) isolated during the influenza surveillance program in free-grazing ducks from 2012 to 2015 in Thailand. Eleven IAV-H11 viruses were characterized by either whole genome sequencing (n = 5) or HA and NA gene sequencing (n = 6) for phylogenetic and amino acid analyses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai IAV-H11 were grouped into Avian Eurasian lineage. Amino acid analysis showed that all Thai IAV-H11 viruses have low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) characteristics and sensitive to Oseltamivir and Amantadine. Novel reassortant viruses (IAV-H11N7 and IAV-H11N9) have been observed. The reassortant viruses contained NP, M, and NS gene segments which originate from intercontinental sources which never been reported in Thai IAVs. In summary, this study demonstrated high genetic diversity of IAV-H11 circulating in free-grazing ducks. Free-grazing ducks infected with IAVs generated novel reassortant IAV-H11. Thus, surveillance of IAVs in free-grazing ducks should be routinely conducted to monitor novel reassortant viruses and subsequently potential virulence viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supassama Chaiyawong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Charoenkul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitikhun Udom
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekkapat Chamsai
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleemas Jairak
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanat Boonyapisitsopa
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napawan Bunpapong
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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50
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Sriwilaijaroen N, Suzuki Y. Roles of Glycans and Non-glycans on the Epithelium and in the Immune System in H1-H18 Influenza A Virus Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2556:205-242. [PMID: 36175637 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2635-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The large variation of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in various susceptible hosts and their rapid evolution, which allows host/tissue switching, host immune escape, vaccine escape, and drug resistance, are difficult challenges for influenza control in all countries worldwide. Access and binding of the IAV to actual receptors at endocytic sites is critical for the establishment of influenza infection. In this chapter, the progress in identification of and roles of glycans and non-glycans on the epithelium and in the immune system in H1-H18 IAV infections are reviewed. The first part of the review is on current knowledge of H1-H16 IAV receptors on the epithelium including sialyl glycans, other negatively charged glycans, and annexins. The second part of the review focuses on H1-H16 IAV receptors in the immune system including acidic surfactant phospholipids, Sia on surfactant proteins, the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of surfactant proteins, Sia on mucins, Sia and C-type lectins on macrophages and dendritic cells, and Sia on NK cells. The third part of the review is about a possible H17-H18 IAV receptor. Binding of these receptors to IAVs may result in inhibition or enhancement of IAV infection depending on their location, host cell type, and IAV strain. Among these receptors, host sialyl glycans are key determinants of viral hemagglutinin (HA) lectins for H1-H16 infections. HA must acquire mutations to bind to sialyl glycans that are dominant on a new target tissue when switching to a new host for efficient transmission and to bind to long sialyl glycans found in the case of seasonal HAs with multiple glycosylation sites as a consequence of immune evasion. Although sialyl receptors/C-type lectins on immune cells are decoy receptors/pathogen recognition receptors for capturing viral HA lectin/glycans protecting HA antigenic sites, some IAV strains do not escape, such as by release with neuraminidase, but hijack these molecules to gain entry and replication in immune cells. An understanding of the virus-host battle tactics at the receptor level might lead to the establishment of novel strategies for effective control of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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