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Nelson TA, Tommasini S, Fretz JA. Deletion of the transcription factor EBF1 in perivascular stroma disrupts skeletal homeostasis and precipitates premature aging of the marrow microenvironment. Bone 2024:117198. [PMID: 39002837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor expressed by multiple lineages of stromal cells within the bone marrow. While cultures of Ebf1-deficient cells have been demonstrated to have impaired differentiation into either the osteoblast or adipogenic lineage in vitro by several groups, in vivo there has been a nominal consequence of the loss of EBF1 on skeletal development. In this study we used Prx-cre driven deletion of Ebf1 to eliminate EBF1 from the entire mesenchymal lineage of the skeleton and resolve this discrepancy. We report here that EBF1 is expressed primarily in the Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cell (MSPC)-Adipo, MSPC-Osteo, and the Early Mesenchymal Progenitors, and that loss of EBF1 has a plethora of consequences to maintenance of the skeleton throughout adulthood. Stroma from the Prx-cre;Ebf1fl/fl bones had impaired osteogenic differentiation, an age-dependent loss of CFU-F, and elevated senescence accompanying Ebf1-deletion. New bone formation was reduced after 3 months, and resulted in a quiescent bone environment with fewer osteoblasts and an accompanied reduction in osteoclast-mediated remodeling. Consequently, bones were less ductile at a younger age, and deletion of EBF1 dramatically impaired fracture repair. Disruption of EBF1 in perivascular populations also rearranged the vascular network within these bones and disrupted cytokine signaling from key hematopoietic niches resulting in anemia, reductions in B cells, and myeloid skewing of marrow hematopoietic lineages. Mechanistically we observed disrupted BMP signaling within Ebf1-deficient progenitors with reduced SMAD1-phosphorylation, and elevated secretion of the soluble BMP-inhibitor Gremlin from the MSPC-Adipo cells. Ebf1-deficient progenitors also exhibited posttranslational suppression of glucocorticoid receptor expression. Together, these results suggest that EBF1 signaling is required for mesenchymal progenitor mobilization to maintain the adult skeleton, and that the primary action of EBF1 in the early mesenchymal lineage is to promote proliferation, and differentiation of these perivascular cells to sustain a healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Nelson
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Stephen Tommasini
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Jackie A Fretz
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America.
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2
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Kim HY, Jang HJ, Muthamil S, Shin UC, Lyu JH, Kim SW, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Novel insights into regulators and functional modulators of adipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117073. [PMID: 38981239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process that differentiates new adipocytes from precursor cells and is tightly regulated by several factors, including many transcription factors and various post-translational modifications. Recently, new roles of adipogenesis have been suggested in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional modulation of these adipogenic genes remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the regulatory factors and modulators of adipogenesis and discusses future research directions to identify novel mechanisms regulating adipogenesis and the effects of adipogenic regulators in pathological conditions. The master adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα were identified along with other crucial regulatory factors such as SREBP, Kroxs, STAT5, Wnt, FOXO1, SWI/SNF, KLFs, and PARPs. These transcriptional factors regulate adipogenesis through specific mechanisms, depending on the adipogenic stage. However, further studies related to the in vivo role of newly discovered adipogenic regulators and their function in various diseases are needed to develop new potent therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Foss-Freitas MC, Gilio D, da Rocha AM, Pais L, O'Leary MC, Rehm HL, Neidert A, Udler MS, Seale P, Oral EA, Chun TH. Early B-cell transcription factor-2 defect as a novel cause of lipodystrophy: disruption of the adipose tissue character and integrity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.24.24309093. [PMID: 38978649 PMCID: PMC11230304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.24309093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel cause of partial lipodystrophy associated with early B cell factor 2 (EBF2) nonsense variant (EBF2 8:26033143 C>A, c.493G>T, p.E165X) in a patient with an atypical form of partial lipodystrophy. The patient presented with progressive adipose tissue loss and metabolic deterioration at pre-pubertal age. In vitro and in vivo disease modeling demonstrates that the EBF2 variant impairs adipogenesis, causing excess accumulation of undifferentiated CD34+ cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and inflammatory myeloid cells in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Thus, this EBF2 p.E165X variant disrupts adipose tissue structure and function, leading to the development of partial lipodystrophy syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynn Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melanie C O'Leary
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Neidert
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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5
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Yang Z, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ou M, Tan P, Xu X, Li Q, Zhou S. Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e560. [PMID: 38812572 PMCID: PMC11134193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min‐Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Poh‐Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang‐Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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6
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Reza-Zaldívar E, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Targeting Metabolic Syndrome Pathways: Carrot microRNAs As Potential Modulators. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21891-21903. [PMID: 38799337 PMCID: PMC11112692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by metabolic alterations that culminate in chronic noncommunicable diseases of high morbidity and mortality, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and colon cancer. Developing new therapeutic strategies with a multifactorial approach is important since current therapies focus on only one or two components of the metabolic syndrome. In this sense, plant-based gene regulation represents an innovative strategy to prevent or modulate human metabolic pathologies, including metabolic syndrome. Here, using a computational and systems biology approach, it was found that carrot microRNAs can modulate key BMPs/SMAD signaling members, C/EBPs, and KLFs involved in several aspects associated with metabolic syndrome, including the hsa04350:TGF-beta signaling pathway, hsa04931:insulin resistance, hsa04152:AMPK signaling pathway, hsa04933:AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, hsa04010:MAPK signaling pathway, hsa04350:TGF-beta signaling pathway, hsa01522:endocrine resistance, and hsa04910:insulin signaling pathway. These data demonstrated the potential applications of carrot microRNAs as effective food-based therapeutics for obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin
E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
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7
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Ghosh A, Leung YH, Yu J, Sladek R, Chénier I, Oppong AK, Peyot ML, Madiraju SRM, Al-Khairi I, Thanaraj TA, Abubaker J, Al-Mulla F, Prentki M, Abu-Farha M. Silencing ANGPTL8 reduces mouse preadipocyte differentiation and insulin signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159461. [PMID: 38272177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
ANGPTL8, expressed mainly in the liver and adipose tissue, regulates the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) present in the extracellular space and triglyceride (TG) metabolism through its interaction with ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4. Whether intracellular ANGPTL8 can also exert effects in tissues where it is expressed is uncertain. ANGPTL8 expression was low in preadipocytes and much increased during differentiation. To better understand the role of intracellular ANGPTL8 in adipocytes and assess whether it may play a role in adipocyte differentiation, we knocked down its expression in normal mouse subcutaneous preadipocytes. ANGPTL8 knockdown reduced adipocyte differentiation, cellular TG accumulation and also isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis at day 7 of differentiation. RNA-Seq analysis of ANGPTL8 siRNA or control siRNA transfected SC preadipocytes on days 0, 2, 4 and 7 of differentiation showed that ANGPTL8 knockdown impeded the early (day 2) expression of adipogenic and insulin signaling genes, PPARγ, as well as genes related to extracellular matrix and NF-κB signaling. Insulin mediated Akt phosphorylation was reduced at an early stage during adipocyte differentiation. This study based on normal primary cells shows that ANGPTL8 has intracellular actions in addition to effects in the extracellular space, like modulating LPL activity. Preadipocyte ANGPTL8 expression modulates their differentiation possibly via changes in insulin signaling gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ghosh
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yat Hei Leung
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Yu
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chénier
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Abel K Oppong
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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8
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Girolamo DD, Benavente-Diaz M, Murolo M, Grimaldi A, Lopes PT, Evano B, Kuriki M, Gioftsidi S, Laville V, Tinevez JY, Letort G, Mella S, Tajbakhsh S, Comai G. Extraocular muscle stem cells exhibit distinct cellular properties associated with non-muscle molecular signatures. Development 2024; 151:dev202144. [PMID: 38240380 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are recognised as functionally heterogeneous. Cranial MuSCs are reported to have greater proliferative and regenerative capacity when compared with those in the limb. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this functional heterogeneity is lacking. Here, we have used clonal analysis, live imaging and single cell transcriptomic analysis to identify crucial features that distinguish extraocular muscle (EOM) from limb muscle stem cell populations. A MyogeninntdTom reporter showed that the increased proliferation capacity of EOM MuSCs correlates with deferred differentiation and lower expression of the myogenic commitment gene Myod. Unexpectedly, EOM MuSCs activated in vitro expressed a large array of extracellular matrix components typical of mesenchymal non-muscle cells. Computational analysis underscored a distinct co-regulatory module, which is absent in limb MuSCs, as driver of these features. The EOM transcription factor network, with Foxc1 as key player, appears to be hardwired to EOM identity as it persists during growth, disease and in vitro after several passages. Our findings shed light on how high-performing MuSCs regulate myogenic commitment by remodelling their local environment and adopting properties not generally associated with myogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Girolamo
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria Benavente-Diaz
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Melania Murolo
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Grimaldi
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Thomas Lopes
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mao Kuriki
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stamatia Gioftsidi
- Université Paris-Est, 77420 Champs-sur- Marne, France
- Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Laville
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Mella
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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9
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Li B, Liu S, He Z, Luo E, Liu H. The role of zinc finger proteins in the fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106507. [PMID: 38142772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute a crucial group of transcription factors widely present in various organisms. They act as transcription factors, nucleases, and RNA-binding proteins, playing significant roles in cell differentiation, growth, and development. With extensive research on ZFPs, their roles in the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes have become increasingly clear. ZFP521, for instance, is identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and RUNX2's transcriptional activity, effectively suppressing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, ZFP217 contributes to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by reducing the M6A level of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1). In addition, other ZFPs can also influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic controls, participating in the subsequent differentiation and maturation of precursor cells. Given the prevalent occurrence of osteoporosis, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms balancing bone and fat metabolism is essential, with a particular focus on the fate determination of MSCs in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of how zinc finger proteins influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through different signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of ZFPs in controlling osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation based on various stages of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Liang Y, Sharma D, Wang B, Wang H, Feng X, Ma R, Berkman T, Char S, Bekker A, Tao YX. Transcription factor EBF1 mitigates neuropathic pain by rescuing Kv1.2 expression in primary sensory neurons. Transl Res 2024; 263:15-27. [PMID: 37607607 PMCID: PMC10840933 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced alternations of gene expression in primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are molecular basis of neuropathic pain genesis. Transcription factors regulate gene expression. In this study, we examined whether early B cell factor 1 (EBF1), a transcription factor, in the DRG, participated in neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. EBF1 was distributed exclusively in the neuronal nucleus and coexpressed with cytoplasmic/membrane Kv1.2 in individual DRG neurons. The expression of Ebf1 mRNA and protein was time-dependently downregulated in the ipsilateral lumbar (L) 3/4 DRGs after unilateral CCI. Rescuing this downregulation through microinjection of the adeno-associated virus 5 expressing full-length Ebf1 mRNA into the ipsilateral L3/4 DRGs reversed the CCI-induced decrease of DRG Kv1.2 expression and alleviated the development and maintenance of mechanical, heat and cold hypersensitivities. Conversely, mimicking the downregulation of DRG EBF1 through microinjection of AAV5-expressing Ebf1 shRNA into unilateral L3/4 DRGs produced a reduction of Kv1.2 expression in the ipsilateral L3/4 DRGs, spontaneous pain, and the enhanced responses to mechanical, heat and cold stimuli in naive mice. Mechanistically, EBF1 not only bound to the Kcna2 gene (encoding Kv1.2) promoter but also directly activated its activity. CCI decreased the EBF1 binding to the Kcna2 promoter in the ipsilateral L3/4 DRGs. Our findings suggest that DRG EBF1 downregulation contributes to neuropathic pain likely by losing its binding to Kcna2 promoter and subsequently silencing Kv1.2 expression in primary sensory neurons. Exogenous EBF1 administration may mitigate neuropathic pain by rescuing DRG Kv1.2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Huixing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Xiaozhou Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Ruining Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Steven Char
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Departments of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey.
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11
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Sigvardsson M. Early B-Cell Factor 1: An Archetype for a Lineage-Restricted Transcription Factor Linking Development to Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:143-156. [PMID: 39017843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly specialized blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) is dependent upon a stringently orchestrated network of stage- and lineage-restricted transcription factors (TFs). Thus, the same stem cell can give rise to various types of differentiated blood cells. One of the key regulators of B-lymphocyte development is early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1). This TF belongs to a small, but evolutionary conserved, family of proteins that harbor a Zn-coordinating motif and an IPT/TIG (immunoglobulin-like, plexins, transcription factors/transcription factor immunoglobulin) domain, creating a unique DNA-binding domain (DBD). EBF proteins play critical roles in diverse developmental processes, including body segmentation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, and retina formation in mice. While several EBF family members are expressed in neuronal cells, adipocytes, and BM stroma cells, only B-lymphoid cells express EBF1. In the absence of EBF1, hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) fail to activate the B-lineage program. This has been attributed to the ability of EBF1 to act as a pioneering factor with the ability to remodel chromatin, thereby creating a B-lymphoid-specific epigenetic landscape. Conditional inactivation of the Ebf1 gene in B-lineage cells has revealed additional functions of this protein in relation to the control of proliferation and apoptosis. This may explain why EBF1 is frequently targeted by mutations in human leukemia cases. This chapter provides an overview of the biochemical and functional properties of the EBF family proteins, with a focus on the roles of EBF1 in normal and malignant B-lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sigvardsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Sun L, Ji S, Xie X, Si L, Liu S, Lin Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Fang N, An Y, Yang J. Deciphering the interaction between Twist1 and PPARγ during adipocyte differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:764. [PMID: 37996425 PMCID: PMC10667345 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a worldwide epidemic in recent years, is mainly due to the uncontrolled development of adipose tissues, which includes adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Adipocyte differentiation is a process involving multiple transcription factor cascades, and the exact mechanism has not yet been defined. As a bHLH transcription factor, Twist1 exerts its activity by forming homo- or heterodimers with other factors. In this study, we showed Twist1 restricts adipogenesis through PPARγ. Expression of various differentiation markers (including PPARγ and adiponectin) and triglyceride-containing lipid droplets were decreased with overexpression of Twist1. Pathway enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by Twist1 overexpression were significantly related to lipolysis and PPARγ signaling. This implicates that Twist1 plays important regulatory roles in these processes. ChIP and dual luciferase assays showed that Twist1 could bind either PPARγ or adiponectin promoter to repress their respective transcription or directly to PPARγ protein to regulate its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, Twist1 directly interacted RXRα, which usually forms heterodimer with PPARγ to regulate adipogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that Twist1 is an inhibitory modulator of adipogenesis and its function is likely through direct interaction with PPARγ protein or its gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xuan Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lei Si
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shaohao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Na Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yang An
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Bioinformatics Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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13
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Kim EE, Shekhar A, Ramachandran J, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Liu FY, Zhang J, Fishman GI. The transcription factor EBF1 non-cell-autonomously regulates cardiac growth and differentiation. Development 2023; 150:dev202054. [PMID: 37787076 PMCID: PMC10652039 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between non-myocytes and cardiomyocytes regulate cardiac growth and differentiation. Here, we report that the transcription factor Ebf1 is highly expressed in non-myocytes and potently regulates heart development. Ebf1-deficient hearts display myocardial hypercellularity and reduced cardiomyocyte size, ventricular conduction system hypoplasia, and conduction system disease. Growth abnormalities in Ebf1 knockout hearts are observed as early as embryonic day 13.5. Transcriptional profiling of Ebf1-deficient embryonic cardiac non-myocytes demonstrates dysregulation of Polycomb repressive complex 2 targets, and ATAC-Seq reveals altered chromatin accessibility near many of these same genes. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in cardiomyocytes isolated from E13.5 hearts of wild-type and mutant mice reveals significant enrichment of MYC targets and, consistent with this finding, we observe increased abundance of MYC in mutant hearts. EBF1-deficient non-myocytes, but not wild-type non-myocytes, are sufficient to induce excessive accumulation of MYC in co-cultured wild-type cardiomyocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that BMP signaling induces Ebf1 expression in embryonic heart cultures and controls a gene program enriched in EBF1 targets. These data reveal a previously unreported non-cell-autonomous pathway controlling cardiac growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene E. Kim
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Ramachandran
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Fang-Yu Liu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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14
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Hu K, Deya Edelen E, Zhuo W, Khan A, Orbegoso J, Greenfield L, Rahi B, Griffin M, Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ. Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2023; 13:1056. [PMID: 37887382 PMCID: PMC10608812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Deya Edelen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Wenqing Zhuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Aliya Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Josselyne Orbegoso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Lindsey Greenfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Berna Rahi
- Department of Human Sciences, Sam Houston State University College of Health Sciences, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA;
| | - Michael Griffin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Owen J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
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15
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Ikeda N, Ishii M, Miyata H, Nishi Y, Suehiro F, Komabashiri N, Sakurai T, Nishimura M. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08528-9. [PMID: 37217615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) exhibit a unique property of lower adipogenic potential than other bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS MBMSCs exhibited significantly lower lipid droplet formation than iliac BMSCs (IBMSCs). Moreover, the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPδ, and early B cell factor 1 (Ebf-1), which are early adipogenic transcription factors, and those of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα, which are late adipogenic transcription factors, were downregulated in MBMSCs compared to those in IBMSCs. Adipogenic induction increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial biogenesis in MBMSCs and IBMSCs, with no significant difference between the two cell types; however, intracellular ROS production was significantly enhanced only in IBMSCs. Furthermore, NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression was significantly lower in MBMSCs than in IBMSCs. Increased ROS production in MBMSCs by NOX4 overexpression or treatment with menadione promoted the expression of early adipogenic transcription factors but did not induce that of late adipogenic transcription factors or lipid droplet accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ROS may be partially involved in the process of MBMSC adipogenic differentiation from undifferentiated cells to immature adipocytes. This study provides important insights into the tissue-specific properties of MBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fumio Suehiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naohiro Komabashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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16
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Ye J, Gao C, Liang Y, Hou Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. Characteristic and fate determination of adipose precursors during adipose tissue remodeling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37138165 PMCID: PMC10156890 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are essential for actively regulating systemic energy balance, glucose homeostasis, immune responses, reproduction, and longevity. Adipocytes maintain dynamic metabolic needs and possess heterogeneity in energy storage and supply. Overexpansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral type, is a high risk for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Changes in adipocytes, hypertrophy or hyperplasia, contribute to the remodeling of obese adipose tissues, accompanied by abundant immune cell accumulation, decreased angiogenesis, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. The process and mechanism of adipogenesis are well known, however, adipose precursors and their fate decision are only being defined with recent information available to decipher how adipose tissues generate, maintain, and remodel. Here, we discuss the key findings that identify adipose precursors phenotypically, with special emphasis on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals in instructing and regulating the fate of adipose precursors under pathophysiological conditions. We hope that the information in this review lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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17
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Gómez R, Barter MJ, Alonso-Pérez A, Skelton AJ, Proctor C, Herrero-Beaumont G, Young DA. DNA methylation analysis identifies key transcription factors involved in mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Biol Res 2023; 56:9. [PMID: 36890579 PMCID: PMC9996951 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about regulating transcription factors (TFs) for osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is limited. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between genomic regions subject to DNA-methylation changes during osteoblastogenesis and the TFs known to directly interact with these regulatory regions. RESULTS The genome-wide DNA-methylation signature of MSCs differentiated to osteoblasts and adipocytes was determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. During adipogenesis no CpGs passed our test for significant methylation changes. Oppositely, during osteoblastogenesis we identified 2462 differently significantly methylated CpGs (adj. p < 0.05). These resided outside of CpGs islands and were significantly enriched in enhancer regions. We confirmed the correlation between DNA-methylation and gene expression. Accordingly, we developed a bioinformatic tool to analyse differentially methylated regions and the TFs interacting with them. By overlaying our osteoblastogenesis differentially methylated regions with ENCODE TF ChIP-seq data we obtained a set of candidate TFs associated to DNA-methylation changes. Among them, ZEB1 TF was highly related with DNA-methylation. Using RNA interference, we confirmed that ZEB1, and ZEB2, played a key role in adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis processes. For clinical relevance, ZEB1 mRNA expression in human bone samples was evaluated. This expression positively correlated with weight, body mass index, and PPARγ expression. CONCLUSIONS In this work we describe an osteoblastogenesis-associated DNA-methylation profile and, using these data, validate a novel computational tool to identify key TFs associated to age-related disease processes. By means of this tool we identified and confirmed ZEB TFs as mediators involved in the MSCs differentiation to osteoblasts and adipocytes, and obesity-related bone adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Laboratorio 18, Edificio B, Planta -2, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Matt J Barter
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Laboratorio 18, Edificio B, Planta -2, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrew J Skelton
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carole Proctor
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, Spain
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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18
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Miyata H, Ishii M, Suehiro F, Komabashiri N, Ikeda N, Sakurai T, Nishimura M. Elucidation of adipogenic differentiation regulatory mechanism in human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105608. [PMID: 36549198 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate the adipogenic differentiation of maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs). DESIGN MBMSCs and iliac bone marrow-derived MSCs (IBMSCs) were compared for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Cell surface antigen expression was examined using flow cytometry, and stem cell marker expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Various adipogenic regulatory factors' expression was evaluated using real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS No significant differences in cell surface antigen profiles or stem cell marker expression in MBMSCs and IBMSCs were observed. MBMSCs and IBMSCs displayed similar osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials, whereas MBMSCs showed significantly lower adipogenic potentials than those shown by IBMSCs. Expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPδ, early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf-1), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), which are early adipogenic differentiation factors, was suppressed in MBMSCs compared to that in IBMSCs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα, which play important roles in the terminal differentiation of adipocytes, was lower in MBMSCs than that in IBMSCs. Furthermore, the level of zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), which is involved in the commitment of undifferentiated MSCs to the adipocyte lineage, was significantly lower in MBMSCs than that in IBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS MBMSCs are negatively regulated in the commitment of undifferentiated MSCs to the adipocyte lineage (preadipocytes) as well as in the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. These results may elucidate the site-specific characteristics of MBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Fumio Suehiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naohiro Komabashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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19
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Silva-Vignato B, Cesar ASM, Afonso J, Moreira GCM, Poleti MD, Petrini J, Garcia IS, Clemente LG, Mourão GB, Regitano LCDA, Coutinho LL. Integrative Analysis Between Genome-Wide Association Study and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Reveals Bovine Muscle Gene Expression Regulatory Polymorphisms Associated With Intramuscular Fat and Backfat Thickness. Front Genet 2022; 13:935238. [PMID: 35991540 PMCID: PMC9386181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.935238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the architecture of gene expression is fundamental to unravel the molecular mechanisms regulating complex traits in bovine, such as intramuscular fat content (IMF) and backfat thickness (BFT). These traits are economically important for the beef industry since they affect carcass and meat quality. Our main goal was to identify gene expression regulatory polymorphisms within genomic regions (QTL) associated with IMF and BFT in Nellore cattle. For that, we used RNA-Seq data from 193 Nellore steers to perform SNP calling analysis. Then, we combined the RNA-Seq SNP and a high-density SNP panel to obtain a new dataset for further genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), totaling 534,928 SNPs. GWAS was performed using the Bayes B model. Twenty-one relevant QTL were associated with our target traits. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed using Matrix eQTL with the complete SNP dataset and 12,991 genes, revealing a total of 71,033 cis and 36,497 trans-eQTL (FDR < 0.05). Intersecting with QTL for IMF, we found 231 eQTL regulating the expression levels of 117 genes. Within those eQTL, three predicted deleterious SNPs were identified. We also identified 109 eQTL associated with BFT and affecting the expression of 54 genes. This study revealed genomic regions and regulatory SNPs associated with fat deposition in Nellore cattle. We highlight the transcription factors FOXP4, FOXO3, ZSCAN2, and EBF4, involved in lipid metabolism-related pathways. These results helped us to improve our knowledge about the genetic architecture behind important traits in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Silva-Vignato
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Mello Cesar
- Department of Agroindustry, Food, and Nutrition, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirele Daiana Poleti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliana Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Soares Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luan Gaspar Clemente
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luiz Lehmann Coutinho,
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20
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Fung CW, Zhou S, Zhu H, Wei X, Wu Z, Wu AR. Cell fate determining molecular switches and signaling pathways in Pax7-expressing somitic mesoderm. Cell Discov 2022; 8:61. [PMID: 35764624 PMCID: PMC9240041 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, different cell types originate from a common progenitor at well-defined time points. Previous lineage-tracing of Pax7+ progenitors from the somitic mesoderm has established its developmental trajectory towards the dermis, brown adipocytes, and skeletal muscle in the dorsal trunk; yet the molecular switches and mechanisms guiding the differentiation into different lineages remain unknown. We performed lineage-tracing of Pax7-expressing cells in mouse embryos at E9.5 and profiled the transcriptomes of Pax7-progenies on E12.5, E14.5, and E16.5 at single-cell level. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data at multiple time points showed temporal-specific differentiation events toward muscle, dermis, and brown adipocyte, identified marker genes for putative progenitors and revealed transcription factors that could drive lineage-specific differentiation. We then utilized a combination of surface markers identified in the single-cell data, Pdgfra, Thy1, and Cd36, to enrich brown adipocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and progenitors specific for these two cell types at E14.5 and E16.5. These enriched cell populations were then used for further culture and functional assays in vitro, in which Wnt5a and Rgcc are shown to be important factors that could alter lineage decisions during embryogenesis. Notably, we found a bipotent progenitor population at E14.5, having lineage potentials towards both dermal fibroblasts and brown adipocytes. They were termed eFAPs (embryonic fibro/adipogenic progenitors) as they functionally resemble adult fibro/adipogenic progenitors. Overall, this study provides further understanding of the Pax7 lineage during embryonic development using a combination of lineage tracing with temporally sampled single-cell transcriptomics.
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21
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Nieminen-Pihala V, Rummukainen P, Wang F, Tarkkonen K, Ivaska KK, Kiviranta R. Age-Progressive and Gender-Dependent Bone Phenotype in Mice Lacking Both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in Prrx1-Expressing Mesenchymal Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:746-758. [PMID: 35137272 PMCID: PMC9108109 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ebfs are a family of transcription factors regulating the differentiation of multiple cell types of mesenchymal origin, including osteoblasts. Global deletion of Ebf1 results in increased bone formation and bone mass, while global loss of Ebf2 leads to enhanced bone resorption and decreased bone mass. Targeted deletion of Ebf1 in early committed osteoblasts leads to increased bone formation, whereas deletion in mature osteoblasts has no effect. To study the effects of Ebf2 specifically on long bone development, we created a limb bud mesenchyme targeted Ebf2 knockout mouse model by using paired related homeobox gene 1 (Prrx1) Cre. To investigate the possible interplay between Ebf1 and Ebf2, we deleted both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in the cells expressing Prrx1. Mice with Prrx1-targeted deletion of Ebf2 had a very mild bone phenotype. However, deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in mesenchymal lineage cells lead to significant, age progressive increase in bone volume. The phenotype was to some extent gender dependent, leading to an increase in both trabecular and cortical bone in females, while in males a mild cortical bone phenotype and a growth plate defect was observed. The phenotype was observed at both 6 and 12 weeks of age, but it was more pronounced in older female mice. Our data suggest that Ebfs modulate bone homeostasis and they are likely able to compensate for the lack of each other. The roles of Ebfs in bone formation appear to be complex and affected by multiple factors, such as age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Tarkkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa K Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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22
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He S, Kang K, Jing Y, Wang Q. Plasma EBF1 as a Novel Biomarker for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:230-236. [PMID: 34272166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (OPO) is one of the most common types of primary osteoporosis. There is currently lack of a plasma biomarker for sensitive and early diagnosis of OPO. Here we aimed to explore the potential of early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a new plasma biomarker of OPO. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the plasma EBF1 levels. Absorptiometry markers, such as lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and LS T score were obtained after X-ray scans. Biochemical analyses used to measure osteopontin (OPN), β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides and total N-terminal procollagen of type-I collagen levels of patients with osteopenia (OPE, n = 81), osteoporosis (OPO, n = 98) as well as healthy subjects (NC, n = 110). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the plasma levels of PAX5 and GSTP1, which are target genes of EBF1. EBF1 was downregulated in OPO patients. Levels of EBF1 were positively correlated to clinicopathological characteristics, including LS BMD and LS T scores, and negatively correlated to OPN and total N-terminal procollagen of type-I collagen levels. Increased PAX5 and GSTP1 levels also demonstrated strong correlations with higher EBF1, LS BMD and LS T score. Anti-osteoporotic treatment resulted in significant upregulation of EBF1, PAX5 and GSTP1 at 6 mo after treatment. Our study suggests that plasma EBF1 is a potential biomarker for diagnosing and assessing treatment outcome of OPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi He
- The Second Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Kang
- The Second Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanhai Jing
- The Second Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Second Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
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23
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Dang TN, Tiongco RP, Brown LM, Taylor JL, Lyons JM, Lau FH, Floyd ZE. Expression of the preadipocyte marker ZFP423 is dysregulated between well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:300. [PMID: 35313831 PMCID: PMC8939188 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas are rare soft tissue tumors originating in adipose tissue that share genetic abnormalities but have significantly different metastatic potential. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is highly aggressive and has an overall 5-year survival rate of 30% as compared to 90% for well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). This discrepancy may be connected to their potential to form adipocytes, where WDLPS is adipogenic but DDLPS is adipogenic-impaired. Normal adipogenesis requires Zinc Finger Protein 423 (ZFP423), a transcriptional coregulator of Perixosome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARG2) mRNA expression that defines committed preadipocytes. Expression of ZFP423 in preadipocytes is promoted by Seven-In-Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2)-mediated degradation of Zinc Finger Protein 521 (ZFP521). This study investigated the potential role of ZFP423, SIAH2 and ZFP521 in the adipogenic potential of WDLPS and DDLPS. Methods Human WDLPS and DDLPS fresh and paraffin-embedded tissues were used to assess the gene and protein expression of proadipogenic regulators. In parallel, normal adipose tissue stromal cells along with WDLPS and DDLPS cell lines were cultured, genetically modified, and induced to undergo adipogenesis in vitro. Results Impaired adipogenic potential in DDLPS was associated with reduced ZFP423 protein levels in parallel with reduced PPARG2 expression, potentially involving regulation of ZFP521. SIAH2 protein levels did not define a clear distinction related to adipogenesis in these liposarcomas. However, in primary tumor specimens, SIAH2 mRNA was consistently upregulated in DDLPS compared to WDLPS when assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or real-time PCR. Conclusions These data provide novel insights into ZFP423 expression in adipogenic regulation between WDLPS and DDLPS adipocytic tumor development. The data also introduces SIAH2 mRNA levels as a possible molecular marker to distinguish between WDLPS and DDLPS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09379-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh N Dang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA
| | - Rafael P Tiongco
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
| | - Loren M Brown
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Jessica L Taylor
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA
| | - John M Lyons
- Our Lady of the Lake Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA
| | - Frank H Lau
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA.
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA.
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24
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Grimaldi A, Comai G, Mella S, Tajbakhsh S. Identification of bipotent progenitors that give rise to myogenic and connective tissues in mouse. eLife 2022; 11:70235. [PMID: 35225230 PMCID: PMC9020825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How distinct cell fates are manifested by direct lineage ancestry from bipotent progenitors, or by specification of individual cell types is a key question for understanding the emergence of tissues. The interplay between skeletal muscle progenitors and associated connective tissue cells provides a model for examining how muscle functional units are established. Most craniofacial structures originate from the vertebrate-specific neural crest cells except in the dorsal portion of the head, where they arise from cranial mesoderm. Here, using multiple lineage-tracing strategies combined with single cell RNAseq and in situ analyses, we identify bipotent progenitors expressing Myf5 (an upstream regulator of myogenic fate) that give rise to both muscle and juxtaposed connective tissue. Following this bifurcation, muscle and connective tissue cells retain complementary signalling features and maintain spatial proximity. Disrupting myogenic identity shifts muscle progenitors to a connective tissue fate. The emergence of Myf5-derived connective tissue is associated with the activity of several transcription factors, including Foxp2. Interestingly, this unexpected bifurcation in cell fate was not observed in craniofacial regions that are colonised by neural crest cells. Therefore, we propose that an ancestral bi-fated program gives rise to muscle and connective tissue cells in skeletal muscles that are deprived of neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenda Comai
- UMR 3738, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Mella
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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25
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:297-299. [PMID: 34626215 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Genome Profiling of H3k4me3 Histone Modification in Human Adipose Tissue during Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101363. [PMID: 34680480 PMCID: PMC8533428 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction is involved in obesity-related comorbidities. Epigenetic alterations have been recently associated with AT deterioration in obesity conditions. In this work, we profiled the H3K4me3 histone mark in human AT, with special emphasis on the changes in the pattern of histone modification in obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Visceral AT (VAT) was collected and subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using anti-H3K4me3 antibody and then sequenced to obtain the H3K4me3 genome profile. Results: We found that most of the H3K4me3 enriched regions were located in gene promoters of pathways related to AT biology and function. H3K4me3 enrichment at gene promoters was strongly related to higher mRNA levels. Differentially expressed genes in AT of patients classified as non-obese, obese with low IR, and obese with high IR could be regulated by differentially enriched H3K4me3; these genes encoded for pathways that could in part explain AT functioning during obesity and insulin resistance (e.g., extracellular matrix organization, PPARG signaling or inflammation). Conclusions: In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of the epigenetic mark H3K4me3 in VAT dysfunction in obesity and IR. The understanding of such mechanisms could give rise to the development of new epigenetic-based pharmacological strategies to ameliorate obesity-related comorbidities.
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Pagani F, Tratta E, Dell'Era P, Cominelli M, Poliani PL. EBF1 is expressed in pericytes and contributes to pericyte cell commitment. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:333-347. [PMID: 34272603 PMCID: PMC8550016 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early B-cell factor-1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor with an important role in cell lineage specification and commitment during the early stage of cell maturation. Originally described during B-cell maturation, EBF1 was subsequently identified as a crucial molecule for proper cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and muscle cells. In vessels, EBF1 expression and function have never been documented. Our data indicate that EBF1 is highly expressed in peri-endothelial cells in both tumor vessels and in physiological conditions. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggest that EBF1-expressing peri-endothelial cells represent bona fide pericytes and selectively express well-recognized markers employed in the identification of the pericyte phenotype (SMA, PDGFRβ, CD146, NG2). This observation was also confirmed in vitro in human placenta-derived pericytes and in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP). Of note, in accord with the key role of EBF1 in the cell lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, EBF1-silenced HBVP cells showed a significant reduction in PDGFRβ and CD146, but not CD90, a marker mostly associated with a prominent mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, NG2 and TGF-β, cytokines produced by pericytes during angiogenesis and linked to their differentiation and activation, were also significantly reduced. Overall, the data suggest a functional role of EBF1 in the cell fate commitment toward the pericyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Elisa Tratta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dell'Era
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy.
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30
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Björk C, Subramanian N, Liu J, Acosta JR, Tavira B, Eriksson AB, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. An RNAi Screening of Clinically Relevant Transcription Factors Regulating Human Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Metabolism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272286. [PMID: 33963396 PMCID: PMC8197287 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Healthy hyperplasic (many but smaller fat cells) white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion is mediated by recruitment, proliferation and/or differentiation of new fat cells. This process (adipogenesis) is controlled by transcriptional programs that have been mostly identified in rodents. OBJECTIVE A systemic investigation of adipogenic human transcription factors (TFs) that are relevant for metabolic conditions has not been revealed previously. METHODS TFs regulated in WAT by obesity, adipose morphology, cancer cachexia, and insulin resistance were selected from microarrays. Their role in differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Lipid accumulation, cell number, and lipolysis were measured for all screened factors (148 TFs). RNA (RNAseq), protein (Western blot) expression, insulin, and catecholamine responsiveness were examined in hASC following siRNA treatment of selected target TFs. RESULTS Analysis of TFs regulated by metabolic conditions in human WAT revealed that many of them belong to adipogenesis-regulating pathways. The RNAi screen identified 39 genes that affected fat cell differentiation in vitro, where 11 genes were novel. Of the latter JARID2 stood out as being necessary for formation of healthy fat cell metabolic phenotype by regulating expression of multiple fat cell phenotype-specific genes. CONCLUSION This comprehensive RNAi screening in hASC suggests that a large proportion of WAT TFs that are impacted by metabolic conditions might be important for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion. The screen also identified JARID2 as a novel TF essential for the development of functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Björk
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Juan Ramon Acosta
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Anders B Eriksson
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jurga Laurencikiene, PhD, Karolinska Institutet, Lipid laboratory, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), NEO, Hälsovägen 9/Blickagången 16, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
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31
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Chen Y, He R, Han Z, Wu Y, Wang Q, Zhu X, Huang Z, Ye J, Tang Y, Huang H, Chen J, Shan H, Xiao F. Cooperation of ATF4 and CTCF promotes adipogenesis through transcriptional regulation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:741-763. [PMID: 33950334 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a multi-step process orchestrated by activation of numerous TFs, whose cooperation and regulatory network remain elusive. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is critical for adipogenesis, yet its regulatory network is unclarified. Here, we mapped genome-wide ATF4 binding landscape and its regulatory network by Chip-seq and RNA-seq and found ATF4 directly modulated transcription of genes enriching in fat cell differentiation. Motifs of TFs especially CTCF were found from ATF4 binding sites, suggesting a direct role of ATF4 in regulating adipogenesis associated with CTCF and other TFs. Deletion of CTCF attenuated adipogenesis while overexpression enhanced adipocyte differentiation, indicating CTCF is indispensable for adipogenesis. Intriguingly, combined analysis of Chip-seq data of these two TFs showed that ATF4 co-localized with CTCF in the promoters of key adipogenic genes including Cebpd and PPARg and co-regulated their transactivation. Moreover, ATF4 directly regulated CTCF expression and interacted with CTCF in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo, downregulation of ATF4 suppressed the expression of CTCF, Cebpd, and PPARg, leading to reduced adipose tissue expansion in refeeding mice. Consistently, mRNA expression of ATF4 and CTCF was positively correlated with each other in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and inversely associated with BMI, indicating a possible involvement of these two TFs in adipose development. Taken together, our data propose for the first time that ATF4 and CTCF work cooperatively to control adipogenesis and adipose development via orchestrating transcription of adipogenic genes. Our findings reveal novel therapeutic targets in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 53002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongquan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 53002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 53002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 53002, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Nieminen-Pihala V, Tarkkonen K, Laine J, Rummukainen P, Saastamoinen L, Nagano K, Baron R, Kiviranta R. Early B-cell Factor1 (Ebf1) promotes early osteoblast differentiation but suppresses osteoblast function. Bone 2021; 146:115884. [PMID: 33582307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early B cell factor 1 (Ebf1) is a transcription factor that regulates B cell, neuronal cell and adipocyte differentiation. We and others have shown that Ebf1 is expressed in osteoblasts and that global deletion of Ebf1 results in increased bone formation in vivo. However, as Ebf1 is expressed in multiple tissues and cell types, it has remained unclear, which of the phenotypic changes in bone are derived from bone cells. The aim of this study was to determine the cell-autonomous and differentiation stage-specific roles of Ebf1 in osteoblasts. In vitro, haploinsufficient Ebf1+/- calvarial cells showed impaired osteoblastic differentiation indicated by lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reduced mRNA expression of osteoblastic genes, while overexpression of Ebf1 in wild type mouse calvarial cells led to enhanced osteoblast differentiation with increased expression of Osterix (Osx). We identified a putative Ebf1 binding site in the Osterix promoter by ChIP assay in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and showed that Ebf1 was able to activate Osx-luc reporter construct that included this Ebf1 binding site, suggesting that Ebf1 indeed regulates osteoblast differentiation by inducing Osterix expression. To reconcile our previous data and that of others with our novel findings, we hypothesized that Ebf1 could have a dual role in osteoblast differentiation promoting early but inhibiting late stages of differentiation and osteoblast function. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we generated conditional Ebf1 knockout mice, in which Ebf1 deletion was targeted to early or late osteoblasts by crossing Ebf1fl/fl mice with Osx- or Osteocalcin (hOC)-Cre mouse lines, respectively. Deletion of Ebf1 in early Ebf1Osx-/- osteoblasts resulted in significantly increased bone volume and trabecular number at 12 weeks by μCT analysis, while Ebf1hOC-/- mice did not have a bone phenotype. To conclude, our data demonstrate that Ebf1 promotes early osteoblast differentiation by regulating Osterix expression. However, Ebf1 inhibits bone accrual in the Osterix expressing osteoblasts in vivo but it is redundant in the maintenance of mature osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kati Tarkkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Julius Laine
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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33
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Nipping Adipocyte Inflammation in the Bud. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 3. [PMID: 33732506 PMCID: PMC7963359 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation continues to represent a significant area of research in immunometabolism. We have identified a transcription factor, EBF1, which crucially regulates the expression of numerous inflammatory loci in adipocytes. However, EBF1 appears to do so without physically binding to these inflammatory genes. Our research is currently focused on understanding this discrepancy, and we believe that future findings could pave the road for drug development aimed to block adipose inflammation at its source.
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34
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Xing M, Ooi WF, Tan J, Qamra A, Lee PH, Li Z, Xu C, Padmanabhan N, Lim JQ, Guo YA, Yao X, Amit M, Ng LM, Sheng T, Wang J, Huang KK, Anene-Nzelu CG, Ho SWT, Ray M, Ma L, Fazzi G, Lim KJ, Wijaya GC, Zhang S, Nandi T, Yan T, Chang MM, Das K, Isa ZFA, Wu J, Poon PSY, Lam YN, Lin JS, Tay ST, Lee MH, Tan ALK, Ong X, White K, Rozen SG, Beer M, Foo RSY, Grabsch HI, Skanderup AJ, Li S, Teh BT, Tan P. Genomic and epigenomic EBF1 alterations modulate TERT expression in gastric cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3005-3020. [PMID: 32364535 DOI: 10.1172/jci126726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional reactivation of telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT) is a frequent hallmark of cancer, occurring in 90% of human malignancies. However, specific mechanisms driving TERT reactivation remain obscure for many tumor types and in particular gastric cancer (GC), a leading cause of global cancer mortality. Here, through comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis of primary GCs and GC cell lines, we identified the transcription factor early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a TERT transcriptional repressor and inactivation of EBF1 function as a major cause of TERT upregulation. Abolishment of EBF1 function occurs through 3 distinct (epi)genomic mechanisms. First, EBF1 is epigenetically silenced via DNA methyltransferase, polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and histone deacetylase activity in GCs. Second, recurrent, somatic, and heterozygous EBF1 DNA-binding domain mutations result in the production of dominant-negative EBF1 isoforms. Third, more rarely, genomic deletions and rearrangements proximal to the TERT promoter remobilize or abolish EBF1-binding sites, derepressing TERT and leading to high TERT expression. EBF1 is also functionally required for various malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its importance for GC development. These results indicate that multimodal genomic and epigenomic alterations underpin TERT reactivation in GC, converging on transcriptional repressors such as EBF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjie Xing
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Fong Ooi
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Department of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po-Hsien Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhimei Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Department of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Chang Xu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nisha Padmanabhan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Amanda Guo
- Computational and Systems Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore
| | - Xiaosai Yao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Mandoli Amit
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ley Moy Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taotao Sheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamaine Wei Ting Ho
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohana Ray
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lijia Ma
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregorio Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Junliang Lim
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Giovani Claresta Wijaya
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Department of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Shenli Zhang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tannistha Nandi
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingdong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mei Mei Chang
- Computational and Systems Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore
| | - Kakoli Das
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zul Fazreen Adam Isa
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeanie Wu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Polly Suk Yean Poon
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Ning Lam
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce Suling Lin
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Ting Tay
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Lee
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Angie Lay Keng Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xuewen Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kevin White
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven George Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Beer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heike Irmgard Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Pathology and Data Analyticis, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Jacobsen Skanderup
- Computational and Systems Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore
| | - Shang Li
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Department of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore.,Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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35
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Chatterjee S, Ouidir M, Tekola-Ayele F. Pleiotropic genetic influence on birth weight and childhood obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:48. [PMID: 33420178 PMCID: PMC7794220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie early origins of childhood obesity can facilitate interventions. Consistent phenotypic and genetic correlations have been found between childhood obesity traits and birth weight (a proxy for in-utero growth), suggesting shared genetic influences (pleiotropy). We aimed to (1) investigate whether there is significant shared genetic influence between birth weight and childhood obesity traits, and (2) to identify genetic loci with shared effects. Using a statistical approach that integrates summary statistics and functional annotations for paired traits, we found strong evidence of pleiotropy (P < 3.53 × 10–127) and enrichment of functional annotations (P < 1.62 × 10–39) between birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI)/obesity. The pleiotropic loci were enriched for regulatory features in skeletal muscle, adipose and brain tissues and in cell lines derived from blood lymphocytes. At 5% false discovery rate, 6 loci were associated with birth weight and childhood BMI and 13 loci were associated with birth weight and childhood obesity. Out of these 19 loci, one locus (EBF1) was novel to childhood obesity and one locus (LMBR1L) was novel to both birth weight and childhood BMI/obesity. These findings give evidence of substantial shared genetic effects in the regulation of both fetal growth and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvo Chatterjee
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA
| | - Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA.
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36
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Marotta A, Noro F, Parisi R, Gialluisi A, Tirozzi A, De Curtis A, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Izzi B, Gianfagna F. NMU DNA methylation in blood is associated with metabolic and inflammatory indices: results from the Moli-sani study. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1347-1360. [PMID: 33393847 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1864167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide involved in gut-brain axis, energy balance and immune response. We aimed at analysing the association between NMU epigenetic variability and metabolic indices and the potential mediating role of low-grade inflammation in a general population of Italian adults.NMU Blood DNA methylation levels at two CpG islands (NMU76 and NMU32) were analysed using pyrosequencing in a randomly selected sub-cohort of 1,160 subjects from the Moli-sani study (≥35years; 49.20% men). Multivariable regressions adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol and vegetable consumption were performed to estimate the associations between methylation and metabolic phenotypes (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, glucose, HOMA-IR, lipids, lipoprotein(a) and apolipoproteins). Mediation analysis was performed to identify the influence of low-grade inflammation in the association using a composite index based on C reactive protein, granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), platelet and white blood cell counts (INFLA-score).Using principal component analysis four methylation factors were identified: NMU76-F1, NMU76-F2, NMU32-F1 and NMU32-F2. NMU76-F1 was FDR significantly associated with total cholesterol (for 1 SD increase: β = 4.5 ± 1.4 mg/dL of, R2 = 10.8%, p = 0.001), ApoB (0.03 ± 0.01 g/L, 12.2%, p = 0.0004), with INFLA-score (1.05 ± 0.22, p = 2.7E-6) and GLR (-0.27 ± 0.03, 30.4%, p = 1.3E-20). GLR and lymphocyte numbers mediate the association of NMU76-F1 with cholesterol (24.0% of total effect, Sobel p = 0.013) and ApoB (42.6%, p = 9E-7), respectively.These findings suggest that NMU promoter methylation patterns could mark a pathway linking lipids with haematopoiesis and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Marotta
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Noro
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberta Parisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Alfonsina Tirozzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy.,EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.,EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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37
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Dang TN, Taylor JL, Kilroy G, Yu Y, Burk DH, Floyd ZE. SIAH2 is Expressed in Adipocyte Precursor Cells and Interacts with EBF1 and ZFP521 to Promote Adipogenesis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:98-107. [PMID: 33155406 PMCID: PMC7902405 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of zinc finger protein 423 (ZFP423), a key proadipogenic transcription factor in adipocyte precursor cells, is regulated by interaction of the proadipogenic early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) and antiadipogenic ZFP521. The ubiquitin ligase seven-in-absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2) targets ZFP521 for degradation. This study asked whether SIAH2 is expressed in adipocyte precursor cells and whether SIAH2 interacts with ZFP521 and EBF1 to regulate ZFP521 protein levels during adipogenesis. METHODS SIAH2 expression in precursor cells was assessed in primary cells and tissues from wild-type and SIAH2 null mice fed a control or high-fat diet. Primary cells, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and HEK293T cells were used to analyze Siah2, Ebf1, and Zfp521 expression and SIAH2-mediated changes in ZFP521 and EBF1 protein levels. RESULTS Siah2 is expressed in platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)+ and stem cell antigen-1 (SCA1)+ adipocyte precursor cells. SIAH2 depletion reduces Ebf1 gene expression and increases EBF1 protein levels in early but not late adipogenesis. In early adipogenesis, SIAH2 forms a protein complex with EBF1 and ZFP521 to enhance SIAH2-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of ZFP521 while increasing EBF1 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Siah2 is expressed in PDGFRα+ adipocyte precursor cells and is linked to precursor cell commitment to adipogenesis by interacting with EBF1 and ZFP521 proteins to target the antiadipogenic ZFP521 for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh N Dang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jessica L Taylor
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gail Kilroy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - David H Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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38
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Liu F, He J, Wang H, Zhu D, Bi Y. Adipose Morphology: a Critical Factor in Regulation of Human Metabolic Diseases and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Obes Surg 2020; 30:5086-5100. [PMID: 33021706 PMCID: PMC7719100 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights that dysfunction of adipose tissue contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity and systemic metabolic deterioration in obese state. Of note, adipocyte hypertrophy serves as a critical event which associates closely with adipose dysfunction. An increase in cell size exacerbates hypoxia and inflammation as well as excessive collagen deposition, finally leading to metabolic dysregulation. Specific mechanisms of adipocyte hypertrophy include dysregulated differentiation and maturation of preadipocytes, enlargement of lipid droplets, and abnormal adipocyte osmolarity sensors. Also, weight loss therapies exert profound influence on adipocyte size. Here, we summarize the critical role of adipocyte hypertrophy in the development of metabolic disturbances. Future studies are required to establish a standard criterion of size measurement to better clarify the impact of adipocyte hypertrophy on changes in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jielei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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39
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Ahmad B, Friar EP, Vohra MS, Garrett MD, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Mechanisms of action for the anti-obesogenic activities of phytochemicals. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 180:112513. [PMID: 33010536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly globally and has recently reached pandemic proportions. It is a multifactorial disorder linked to a number of non-communicable diseases such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Over-nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle are considered the most significant causes of obesity; a healthy lifestyle and behavioural interventions are the most powerful ways to achieve successful weight loss, but to maintain this in the long term can prove difficult for many individuals, without medical intervention. Various pharmacological anti-obesogenic drugs have been tested and marketed in the past and have been moderately successful in the management of obesity, but their adverse effects on human health often outweigh the benefits. Natural products from plants, either in the form of crude extracts or purified phytochemicals, have been shown to have anti-obesogenic properties and are generally considered as nontoxic and cost-effective compared to synthetic alternatives. These plant products combat obesity by targeting the various pathways and/or regulatory functions intricately linked to obesity. Their mechanisms of action include inhibition of pancreatic lipase activities, an increase in energy expenditure, appetite regulation, lipolytic effects, and inhibition of white adipose tissue development. In this review, we discuss the distinct anti-obesogenic properties of recently reported plant extracts and specific bioactive compounds, along with their molecular mechanisms of action. This review will provide a common platform for understanding the different causes of obesity and the possible approaches to using plant products in tackling this worldwide health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, No1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Emily P Friar
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, No 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Michelle D Garrett
- School of Biosciences, Stacey Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, No 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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40
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Yi D, Nguyen HP, Dinh J, Viscarra JA, Xie Y, Lin F, Zhu M, Dempersmier JM, Wang Y, Sul HS. Dot1l interacts with Zc3h10 to activate Ucp1 and other thermogenic genes. eLife 2020; 9:59990. [PMID: 33107819 PMCID: PMC7661038 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is a metabolically beneficial organ capable of dissipating chemical energy into heat, thereby increasing energy expenditure. Here, we identify Dot1l, the only known H3K79 methyltransferase, as an interacting partner of Zc3h10 that transcriptionally activates the Ucp1 promoter and other BAT genes. Through a direct interaction, Dot1l is recruited by Zc3h10 to the promoter regions of thermogenic genes to function as a coactivator by methylating H3K79. We also show that Dot1l is induced during brown fat cell differentiation and by cold exposure and that Dot1l and its H3K79 methyltransferase activity is required for thermogenic gene program. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Dot1l ablation in mice using Ucp1-Cre prevents activation of Ucp1 and other target genes to reduce thermogenic capacity and energy expenditure, promoting adiposity. Hence, Dot1l plays a critical role in the thermogenic program and may present as a future target for obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jennie Dinh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jose A Viscarra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Frances Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Madeleine Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jon M Dempersmier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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41
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Models Contribution to the Understanding of Sarcoidosis Pathogenesis: "Are There Good Models of Sarcoidosis?". J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082445. [PMID: 32751786 PMCID: PMC7464295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous, and noninfectious disease of unknown etiology. The clinical heterogeneity of the disease (targeted tissue(s), course of the disease, and therapy response) supports the idea that a multiplicity of trigger antigens may be involved. The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is not yet completely understood, although in recent years, considerable efforts were put to develop novel experimental research models of sarcoidosis. In particular, sarcoidosis patient cells were used within in vitro 3D models to study their characteristics compared to control patients. Likewise, a series of transgenic mouse models were developed to highlight the role of particular signaling pathways in granuloma formation and persistence. The purpose of this review is to put in perspective the contributions of the most recent models in the understanding of sarcoidosis.
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42
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Zhou Q, Xie F, Zhou B, Li C, Kang Y, Wu B, Li L, Dai R. Fetal bovine serum-derived exosomes regulate the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a cross-species manner. Differentiation 2020; 115:11-21. [PMID: 32771719 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) contains a large number of exosomes which may disturb the analysis of exosomes derived from cultured cells. We investigated the effect of FBS-derived exosomes (FBS-Exos) on the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) and the underlying molecular mechanism. The uptake of FBS-Exos by hBM-MSCs could be detected by the laser confocal microscopy, and the treatment of exosomes resulted in the decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced expression of genes associated with adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. miR-1246 was identified as an abundant microRNA in FBS-Exos by public sequencing data identification and RT-qPCR validation. Moreover, miR-1246 overexpression in hBM-MSCs led to decreased adipogenic differentiation level, while miR-1246 knockdown in FBS-Exos attenuated the inhibitory effect on the adipogenic differentiation. Our results indicate that FBS-Exos inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs in a cross-species manner and miR-1246 transferred by FBS-Exos partly contributes to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfei Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fen Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Ruchun Dai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Ambele MA, Dhanraj P, Giles R, Pepper MS. Adipogenesis: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Molecular Determinants and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124283. [PMID: 32560163 PMCID: PMC7349855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of adipocytes during embryogenesis has been largely understudied. However, preadipocytes appear to originate from multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells which migrate from the mesoderm to their anatomical localization. Most studies on adipocyte formation (adipogenesis) have used preadipocytes derived from adult stem/stromal cells. Adipogenesis consists of two phases, namely commitment and terminal differentiation. This review discusses the role of signalling pathways, epigenetic modifiers, and transcription factors in preadipocyte commitment and differentiation into mature adipocytes, as well as limitations in our understanding of these processes. To date, a limited number of transcription factors, genes and signalling pathways have been described to regulate preadipocyte commitment. One reason could be that most studies on adipogenesis have used preadipocytes already committed to the adipogenic lineage, which are therefore not suitable for studying preadipocyte commitment. Conversely, over a dozen molecular players including transcription factors, genes, signalling pathways, epigenetic regulators, and microRNAs have been described to be involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes; however, only peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma has proven to be clinically relevant. A detailed understanding of how the molecular players underpinning adipogenesis relate to adipose tissue function could provide new therapeutic approaches for addressing obesity without compromising adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin A. Ambele
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.A.A.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Priyanka Dhanraj
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.A.A.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Rachel Giles
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.A.A.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.A.A.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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44
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Rahman MS, Kim YS. PINK1-PRKN mitophagy suppression by mangiferin promotes a brown-fat-phenotype via PKA-p38 MAPK signalling in murine C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Metabolism 2020; 107:154228. [PMID: 32289346 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mangiferin (MF), a xanthonoid derived from Mangifera indica, has shown therapeutic effects on various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Nonetheless, the influence of MF on non-shivering thermogenesis and its underlying mechanism in browning remains unclear. Here, our aim was to investigate the effects of MF on browning and its molecular mechanisms in murine C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MATERIALS/METHODS To determine the function of MF on browning, murine C3H10T1/2 MSCs were treated with MF in an adipogenic differentiation cocktail and the thermogenic and correlated metabolic responses were assessed using MF-mediated signalling. Human adipose-derived MSCs were differentiated and treated with MF to confirm its role in thermogenic induction. RESULTS MF treatment induced the expression of a brown-fat signature, UCP1, and reduced triglyceride (TG) in C3H10T1/2 MSCs. MF also induced the expression of major thermogenesis regulators: PGC1α, PRDM16, and PPARγ and up-regulated the expression of beiging markers CD137, HSPB7, TBX1, and COX2 in both murine C3H10T1/2 MSCs and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC). We also observed that MF treatment increased the mitochondrial DNA and improved mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating mitofission-fusion plasticity via suppressing PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, MF treatment improved mitochondrial respiratory function by increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption and expression of oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related proteins. Chemical-inhibition and gene knockdown experiments revealed that β3-AR-dependent PKA-p38 MAPK-CREB signalling is crucial for MF-mediated brown-fat formation via suppression of mitophagy in C3H10T1/2 MSCs. CONCLUSIONS MF promotes the brown adipocyte phenotype by suppressing mitophagy, which is regulated by PKA-p38MAPK-CREB signalling in C3H10T1/2 MSCs. Thus, we propose that MF may be a good browning inducer that can ameliorate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Rahman
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam 31151, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam 31151, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam 31151, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam 31151, South Korea.
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45
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Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Molecular Mechanisms of Adipogenesis: The Anti-adipogenic Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:76. [PMID: 32457917 PMCID: PMC7226927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a widespread disorder, and its prevalence has become a critical concern worldwide, due to its association with common co-morbidities like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and therefore plays a critical role in the survival of an individual, but its dysfunction or excess is directly linked to obesity. The journey from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to the formation of mature adipocytes is a well-orchestrated program which requires the expression of several genes, their transcriptional factors, and signaling intermediates from numerous pathways. Understanding all the intricacies of adipogenesis is vital if we are to counter the current epidemic of obesity because the limited understanding of these intricacies is the main barrier to the development of potent therapeutic strategies against obesity. In particular, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in regulating adipogenesis – it is arguably the central cellular energy regulation protein of the body. Since AMPK promotes the development of brown adipose tissue over that of white adipose tissue, special attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue development in recent years. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, the role of signaling pathways and the substantial role of activated AMPK in the inhibition of adiposity, concluding with observations which will support the development of novel chemotherapies against obesity epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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46
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Yi D, Nguyen HP, Sul HS. Epigenetic dynamics of the thermogenic gene program of adipocytes. Biochem J 2020; 477:1137-1148. [PMID: 32219439 PMCID: PMC8594062 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically beneficial organ capable of burning fat by dissipating chemical energy into heat, thereby increasing energy expenditure. Moreover, subcutaneous white adipose tissue can undergo so-called browning/beiging. The recent recognition of the presence of brown or beige adipocytes in human adults has attracted much attention to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the thermogenic adipose program. Many key transcriptional regulators critical for the thermogenic gene program centering on activating the UCP1 promoter, have been discovered. Thermogenic gene expression in brown adipocytes rely on co-ordinated actions of a multitude of transcription factors, including EBF2, PPARγ, Zfp516 and Zc3h10. These transcription factors probably integrate into a cohesive network for BAT gene program. Moreover, these transcription factors recruit epigenetic factors, such as LSD1 and MLL3/4, for specific histone signatures to establish the favorable chromatin landscape. In this review, we discuss advances made in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the thermogenic gene program, particularly epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology and Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology and Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology and Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
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47
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Angueira AR, Shapira SN, Ishibashi J, Sampat S, Sostre-Colón J, Emmett MJ, Titchenell PM, Lazar MA, Lim HW, Seale P. Early B Cell Factor Activity Controls Developmental and Adaptive Thermogenic Gene Programming in Adipocytes. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2869-2878.e4. [PMID: 32130892 PMCID: PMC7079313 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity protects animals against hypothermia and represents a potential therapeutic target to combat obesity. The transcription factor early B cell factor-2 (EBF2) promotes brown adipocyte differentiation, but its roles in maintaining brown adipocyte fate and in stimulating BAT recruitment during cold exposure were unknown. We find that the deletion of Ebf2 in adipocytes of mice ablates BAT character and function, resulting in cold intolerance. Unexpectedly, prolonged exposure to cold restores the thermogenic profile and function of Ebf2 mutant BAT. Enhancer profiling and genetic assays identified EBF1 as a candidate regulator of the cold response in BAT. Adipocyte-specific deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 abolishes BAT recruitment during chronic cold exposure. Mechanistically, EBF1 and EBF2 promote thermogenic gene transcription through increasing the expression and activity of ERRα and PGC1α. Together, these studies demonstrate that EBF proteins specify the developmental fate and control the adaptive cold response of brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Angueira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne N Shapira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samay Sampat
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaimarie Sostre-Colón
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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48
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Derecka M, Herman JS, Cauchy P, Ramamoorthy S, Lupar E, Grün D, Grosschedl R. EBF1-deficient bone marrow stroma elicits persistent changes in HSC potential. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:261-273. [PMID: 32066955 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential for hematopoietic homeostasis and lineage output. Here, we investigate how transcriptional changes in bone marrow (BM) MSCs result in long-lasting effects on HSCs. Single-cell analysis of Cxcl12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells and PDGFRα+Sca1+ (PαS) cells revealed an extensive cellular heterogeneity but uniform expression of the transcription factor gene Ebf1. Conditional deletion of Ebf1 in these MSCs altered their cellular composition, chromatin structure and gene expression profiles, including the reduced expression of adhesion-related genes. Functionally, the stromal-specific Ebf1 inactivation results in impaired adhesion of HSCs, leading to reduced quiescence and diminished myeloid output. Most notably, HSCs residing in the Ebf1-deficient niche underwent changes in their cellular composition and chromatin structure that persist in serial transplantations. Thus, genetic alterations in the BM niche lead to long-term functional changes of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derecka
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Josip Stefan Herman
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ekaterina Lupar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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49
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Castillejo-Lopez C, Pjanic M, Pirona AC, Hetty S, Wabitsch M, Wadelius C, Quertermous T, Arner E, Ingelsson E. Detailed Functional Characterization of a Waist-Hip Ratio Locus in 7p15.2 Defines an Enhancer Controlling Adipocyte Differentiation. iScience 2019; 20:42-59. [PMID: 31557715 PMCID: PMC6817687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined CAGE sequencing in human adipocytes during differentiation with data from genome-wide association studies to identify an enhancer in the SNX10 locus on chromosome 7, presumably involved in body fat distribution. Using reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human cell lines, we characterized the role of the enhancer in adipogenesis. The enhancer was active during adipogenesis and responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline. The allele associated with increased waist-hip ratio in human genetic studies was associated with higher enhancer activity. Mutations of the enhancer resulted in less adipocyte differentiation. RNA sequencing of cells with disrupted enhancer showed reduced expression of established adipocyte markers, such as ADIPOQ and LPL, and identified CHI3L1 on chromosome 1 as a potential gene involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we identified and characterized an enhancer in the SNX10 locus and outlined its plausible mechanisms of action and downstream targets. An enhancer active during adipogenesis is located in an obesity GWAS locus The enhancer responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline Mutation of the enhancer by CRISPR-Cas9 decreased adipocyte differentiation Knockout of CHI3L1 decreased adipocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Castillejo-Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik Arner
- Laboratory for Applied Regulatory Genomics Network Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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50
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Qi W, Clark JM, Suvorov A, Park Y. Ivermectin decreases triglyceride accumulation by inhibiting adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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