1
|
Mizuno N, Shiga S, Tanaka Y, Kimura T, Yanagawa Y. CDK8/19 inhibitor enhances arginase-1 expression in macrophages via STAT6 and p38 MAPK activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176852. [PMID: 39067565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages polarize into alternatively activated M2 macrophages through interleukin (IL)-4, and they express high levels of arginase-1, which promotes anti-inflammatory responses. Several studies have confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 8/19 inhibition, and hence, numerous CDK8/19 inhibitors, such as BRD6989, have been developed. However, the effects of CDK8/19 inhibitors on arginase-1 expression in macrophages have not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the effects of CDK8/19 inhibitor on arginase-1 expression in IL-4-activated macrophages. The results showed that BRD6989 increased arginase-1 expression transcriptionally in murine peritoneal macrophages and the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 in an IL-4-dependent manner. In addition, the results indicated that BRD6989 enhances signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, BRD6989 exhibited the capability to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) even in the absence of IL-4 stimulation. Moreover, we observed that a p38 MAPK inhibitor suppressed the BRD6989-induced increase in arginase-1 expression. Besides, BRD6989 increased the surface expression of CD206, an M2 macrophage marker. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time that CDK8/19 inhibition increases arginase-1 expression, suggesting that this mechanism involves the activation of STAT6 and p38 MAPK. This finding implies that CDK8/19 inhibition may facilitate the production of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Tobetsu, Ishikari, 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Saki Shiga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Tobetsu, Ishikari, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Tobetsu, Ishikari, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Tobetsu, Ishikari, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yanagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Tobetsu, Ishikari, 061-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiong J, Kang SS, Wang M, Wang Z, Xia Y, Liao J, Liu X, Yu SP, Zhang Z, Ryu V, Yuen T, Zaidi M, Ye K. FSH and ApoE4 contribute to Alzheimer's disease-like pathogenesis via C/EBPβ/δ-secretase in female mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6577. [PMID: 37852961 PMCID: PMC10584868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia. It is known that women with one ApoE4 allele display greater risk and earlier onset of AD compared with men. In mice, we previously showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin that rises in post-menopausal females, activates its receptor FSHR in the hippocampus, to drive AD-like pathology and cognitive impairment. Here we show in mice that ApoE4 and FSH jointly trigger AD-like pathogenesis by activating C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling. ApoE4 and FSH additively activate C/EBPβ/δ-secretase pathway that mediates APP and Tau proteolytic fragmentation, stimulating Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles. Ovariectomy-provoked AD-like pathologies and cognitive defects in female ApoE4-TR mice are ameliorated by anti-FSH antibody treatment. FSH administration facilitates AD-like pathologies in both young male and female ApoE4-TR mice. Furthermore, FSH stimulates AD-like pathologies and cognitive defects in ApoE4-TR mice, but not ApoE3-TR mice. Our findings suggest that in mice, augmented FSH in females with ApoE4 but not ApoE3 genotype increases vulnerability to AD-like process by activating C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shan-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waseem A, Rashid S, Rashid K, Khan MA, Khan R, Haque R, Seth P, Raza SS. Insight into the transcription factors regulating Ischemic Stroke and Glioma in Response to Shared Stimuli. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:102-127. [PMID: 37054904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma are the two leading causes of patient mortality globally. Despite physiological variations, 1 in 10 people who have an ischemic stroke go on to develop brain cancer, most notably gliomas. In addition, glioma treatments have also been shown to increase the risk of ischemic strokes. Stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the general population, according to traditional literature. Unbelievably, these events share multiple pathways, but the precise mechanism underlying their co-occurrence remains unknown. Transcription factors (TFs), the main components of gene expression programmes, finally determine the fate of cells and homeostasis. Both ischemic stroke and glioma exhibit aberrant expression of a large number of TFs, which are strongly linked to the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. The precise genomic binding locations of TFs and how TF binding ultimately relates to transcriptional regulation remain elusive despite a strong interest in understanding how TFs regulate gene expression in both stroke and glioma. As a result, the importance of continuing efforts to understand TF-mediated gene regulation is highlighted in this review, along with some of the primary shared events in stroke and glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Sumaiya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City,Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya -824236, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122052, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wojciechowicz T, Kolodziejski PA, Billert M, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. The Effects of Neuropeptide B on Proliferation and Differentiation of Porcine White Preadipocytes into Mature Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076096. [PMID: 37047072 PMCID: PMC10094185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide B (NPB) affects energy homeostasis and metabolism by binding and activating NPBWR1 and NPBWR2 in humans and pigs. Recently, we reported that NPB promotes the adipogenesis of rat white and brown preadipocytes as well as 3T3-L1 cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of NPB on the proliferation and differentiation of white porcine preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. We identified the presence of NPB, NPBWR1, and NPBWR2 on the mRNA and protein levels in porcine white preadipocytes. During the differentiation process, NPB increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, PPARγ, and C/EBPβ protein production in porcine preadipocytes. Furthermore, NPB stimulated lipid accumulation in porcine preadipocytes. Moreover, NPB promoted the phosphorylation of the p38 kinase in porcine preadipocytes, but failed to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation. NPB failed to stimulate the expression of C/EBPβ in the presence of the p38 inhibitor. Taken together, we report that NPB promotes the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes via a p38-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł A Kolodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Billert
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mathias Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Medical Clinic III, 15236 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Chen G, Ahn EH, Xia Y, Kang SS, Liu X, Liu C, Han MH, Chen S, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP is age-dependently activated in Parkinson's disease and mediates α-synuclein in the gut and brain. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 36609384 PMCID: PMC9822984 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, and its pathologic hallmarks include extensive dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the Substantia nigra associated with Lewy bodies, predominantly consisting of phosphorylated and truncated α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) cleaves human α-Syn at N103 residue and promotes its aggregation, contributing to PD pathogenesis. However, how AEP mediates Lewy body pathologies during aging and elicits PD onset remains incompletely understood. Knockout of AEP or C/EBPβ from α-SNCA mice, and their chronic rotenone exposure models were used, and the mechanism of α-Syn from the gut that spread to the brain was observed. Here we report that C/EBPβ/AEP pathway, aggravated by oxidative stress, is age-dependently activated and cleaves α-Syn N103 and regulates Lewy body-like pathologies spreading from the gut into the brain in human α-SNCA transgenic mice. Deletion of C/EBPβ or AEP substantially diminished the oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and PD pathologies, attenuating motor dysfunctions in aged α-SNCA mice. Noticeably, PD pathologies initiate in the gut and progressively spread into the brain. Chronic gastric exposure to a low dose of rotenone initiates Lewy body-like pathologies in the gut that propagate into the brain in a C/EBPβ/AEP-dependent manner. Hence, our studies demonstrate that C/EBPβ/AEP pathway is critical for mediating Lewy body pathology progression in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.452458.aDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital of Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University), Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031 Hebei P. R. China ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Guiqin Chen
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060 China
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-Do, 24252, South Korea
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Xia Liu
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong K, Muralimanoharan S, Kwak YT, Mendelson CR. NRF2 Serves a Critical Role in Regulation of Immune Checkpoint Proteins (ICPs) During Trophoblast Differentiation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac070. [PMID: 35596653 PMCID: PMC9197021 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using cultured human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), mid-gestation human trophoblasts in primary culture, and gene-targeted mice, we tested the hypothesis that the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) serves a critical role in pregnancy maintenance through production of key immune modulators/checkpoint proteins (ICPs) under control of the O2-regulated transcription factor, NRF2/NFE2L2. These ICPs potentially act at the maternal-fetal interface to protect the hemiallogeneic fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. Using cultured hTSCs, we observed that several ICPs involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance were markedly upregulated during differentiation of cytotrophoblasts (CytTs) to SynT. These included HMOX1, kynurenine receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PD-L1, and GDF15. Intriguingly, NRF2, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ were markedly induced when CytTs fused to form SynT in a 20% O2 environment. Notably, when hTSCs were cultured in a hypoxic (2% O2) environment, SynT fusion and the differentiation-associated induction of NRF2, C/EBPβ, aromatase (CYP19A1; SynT differentiation marker), and ICPs were blocked. NRF2 knockdown also prevented induction of aromatase, C/EBPβ and the previously mentioned ICPs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR revealed that temporal induction of the ICPs in hTSCs and mid-gestation human trophoblasts cultured in 20% O2 was associated with increased binding of endogenous NRF2 to putative response elements within their promoters. Moreover, placentas of 12.5 days postcoitum mice with a global Nrf2 knockout manifested decreased mRNA expression of C/ebpβ, Pparγ, Hmox1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and Nqo1, another direct downstream target of Nrf2, compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, these compelling findings suggest that O2-regulated NRF2 serves as a key regulator of ICP expression during SynT differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | | | - Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8511, USA
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang M, Huang Y, Hu L, Wu H, Liu Y, Ni K, Zhang X, Sun Y, Gu X. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in spinal microglia contributes to pre-operative stress-induced prolongation of postsurgical pain. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221099360. [PMID: 35451875 PMCID: PMC9257637 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221099360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolongation of postsurgical pain caused by pre-operative stress is a clinically significant problem, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Stress can promote the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia, and the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β regulates pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia. Therefore, we speculated that C/EBPβ in spinal microglia may have critical roles in the development of chronic postsurgical pain. Accordingly, in this study, we used a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure and plantar incisions to evaluate the roles of C/EBPβ in postsurgical pain. Our experiments showed that SPS exposure prolonged mechanical allodynia, increased the expression of C/EBPβ and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentiated the activation of spinal microglia. Subsequently, microinjection of C/EBPβ siRNA attenuated the duration of SPS-prolonged postoperative mechanical allodynia and inhibited microglial activation in the spinal cord. Conversely, mimicking this increase in C/EBPβ promoted microglial activation via pretreatment with a pre-injection of AAV5-C/EBPβ, leading to prolongation of postsurgical pain. Overall, these results suggested that spinal microglia may play key roles in prolongation of postsurgical pain induced by pre-operative stress and that C/EBPβ may be a potential target for disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Yulin Huang
- 66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Lijun Hu
- 66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Hao Wu
- 66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Kun Ni
- Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- 66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Yu'e Sun
- 66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School66506Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hey J, Paulsen M, Toth R, Weichenhan D, Butz S, Schatterny J, Liebers R, Lutsik P, Plass C, Mall MA. Epigenetic reprogramming of airway macrophages promotes polarization and inflammation in muco-obstructive lung disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6520. [PMID: 34764283 PMCID: PMC8586227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and COPD, are characterized by mucus obstruction and chronic airway inflammation, but their mechanistic link remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the function of the mucostatic airway microenvironment on epigenetic reprogramming of airway macrophages (AM) and resulting transcriptomic and phenotypical changes. Using a mouse model of muco-obstructive lung disease (Scnn1b-transgenic), we identify epigenetically controlled, differentially regulated pathways and transcription factors involved in inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. Functionally, AMs from Scnn1b-transgenic mice have reduced efferocytosis and phagocytosis, and excessive inflammatory responses upon lipopolysaccharide challenge, mediated through enhanced Irf1 function and expression. Ex vivo stimulation of wild-type AMs with native mucus impairs efferocytosis and phagocytosis capacities. In addition, mucus induces gene expression changes, comparable with those observed in AMs from Scnn1b-transgenic mice. Our data show that mucostasis induces epigenetic reprogramming of AMs, leading to changes favoring tissue damage and disease progression. Targeting these altered AMs may support therapeutic approaches in patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joschka Hey
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Reka Toth
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Butz
- grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jolanthe Schatterny
- grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Liebers
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.461742.2Present Address: National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- grid.452624.3Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.484013.aBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452624.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Juban G. Transcriptional control of macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:82-88. [PMID: 34183241 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue able to fully regenerate after an acute injury. Macrophages play an essential role during skeletal muscle regeneration. Resolution of inflammation is a crucial step during the regeneration process, allowing to contain the inflammatory response to avoid damage of the healthy surrounding muscle and triggers the recovery phase during which the muscle regenerates. Resolution of inflammation is mainly mediated by macrophage phenotypic shift that is the transition from a pro-inflammatory damage associated profile towards an anti-inflammatory restorative phenotype, which is characterized by a major transcriptional rewiring. Failure of the resolution of inflammation is observed in chronic diseases such as degenerative myopathies where permanent asynchronous muscle injuries trigger contradictory inflammatory cues, leading to fibrosis and alteration of muscle function. This review will focus on the described molecular pathways that control macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. First, we will highlight the transcriptional changes that characterize macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. Then, we will describe how the signaling pathways and the metabolic changes associated with this shift are controlled. Finally, we will emphasize the transcription factors involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pang C, Miao H, Zuo Y, Guo N, Sun D, Li B. C/EBPβ enhances efficacy of sorafenib in hepatoblastoma. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1897-1905. [PMID: 33945665 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the predominant hepatic neoplasm in infants and young children. Sorafenib has been used to treat adult and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. However, efficacy of monotherapy of sorafenib in HB is not sustained. In this study, we tested a possible combinatory therapy of sorafenib with the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) overexpression in HB cell line. Firstly, we evaluated the expression level of C/EBPβ in the patients with HB by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Lower level of C/EBPβ was observed in tumor tissues in comparison with matched normal tissues. Next, we observed that combination of sorafenib and C/EBPβ overexpression led to dramatic growth and migration inhibition of live tumor cells which implied promising probability for clinical trial. Mechanistically, C/EBPβ which can be downregulated by Ras v12, augmented messenger RNA and protein levels of p53. These data suggested that a combination of sorafenib and C/EBPβ overexpression inhibited tumor growth synergistically and provided a promising approach to treat HB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Pang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Miao
- Functional Experiment Center, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yanzhen Zuo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Nana Guo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Tumor Radiation and Chemotherapy Center, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Baoqun Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
How Macrophages Become Transcriptionally Dysregulated: A Hidden Impact of Antitumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052662. [PMID: 33800829 PMCID: PMC7961970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the essential components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs originate from blood monocytes and undergo pro- or anti-inflammatory polarization during their life span within the tumor. The balance between macrophage functional populations and the efficacy of their antitumor activities rely on the transcription factors such as STAT1, NF-κB, IRF, and others. These molecular tools are of primary importance, as they contribute to the tumor adaptations and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and can become important biomarkers for theranostics. Herein, we describe the major transcriptional mechanisms specific for TAM, as well as how radio- and chemotherapy can impact gene transcription and functionality of macrophages, and what are the consequences of the TAM-tumor cooperation.
Collapse
|
12
|
C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling mediates Parkinson's disease pathogenesis via regulating transcription and proteolytic cleavage of α-synuclein and MAOB. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:568-585. [PMID: 32086435 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and the presence of intra-neuronal Lewy body (LB) inclusions with aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) as the major component. MAOB, a crucial monoamine oxidase for dopamine metabolism, triggers oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons and α-Syn aggregation. However, the key molecular mechanism that mediates PD pathogenesis remains elusive. Here we show that C/EBPβ acts as an age-dependent transcription factor for both α-Syn and MAOB, and initiates the PD pathologies by upregulating these two pivotal players, in addition to escalating δ-secretase activity to cleave α-Syn and promotes its neurotoxicity. Overexpression of C/EBPβ in human wild-type α-Syn transgenic mice facilitates PD pathologies and elicits motor disorders associated with augmentation of δ-secretase, α-Syn, and MAOB. In contrast, depletion of C/EBPβ from human α-Syn Tg mice abolishes rotenone-elicited PD pathologies and motor impairments via downregulating the expression of these key factors. Hence, our study supports that C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling mediates PD pathogenesis via regulating the expression and cleavage of α-Syn and MAOB.
Collapse
|
13
|
C/EBPβ is a key transcription factor for APOE and preferentially mediates ApoE4 expression in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6002-6022. [PMID: 33339957 PMCID: PMC8758498 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its protein product, ApoE4, exerts its deleterious effects mainly by influencing amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau (neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs) deposition in the brain. However, the molecular mechanism dictating its expression during ageing and in AD remains incompletely clear. Here we show that C/EBPβ acts as a pivotal transcription factor for APOE and mediates its mRNA levels in an age-dependent manner. C/EBPβ binds the promoter of APOE and escalates its expression in the brain. Knockout of C/EBPβ in AD mouse models diminishes ApoE expression and Aβ pathologies, whereas overexpression of C/EBPβ accelerates AD pathologies, which can be attenuated by anti-ApoE monoclonal antibody or deletion of ApoE via its specific shRNA. Remarkably, C/EBPβ selectively promotes more ApoE4 expression versus ApoE3 in human neurons, correlating with higher activation of C/EBPβ in human AD brains with ApoE4/4 compared to ApoE3/3. Therefore, our data support that C/EBPβ is a crucial transcription factor for temporally regulating APOE gene expression, modulating ApoE4's role in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiménez-Ortega E, Braza-Boïls A, Burgos M, Moratalla-López N, Vicente M, Alonso GL, Nava E, Llorens S. Crocetin Isolated from the Natural Food Colorant Saffron Reduces Intracellular Fat in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111648. [PMID: 33198073 PMCID: PMC7696798 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron, as a food colorant, has been displaced by low-cost synthetic dyes. These have unhealthy properties; thus, their replacement with natural food colorants is an emerging trend. Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to its associated comorbidities. Crocetin esters (crocins) are responsible for the red saffron color. Crocetin (CCT) exhibits healthful properties. We aimed to broaden the existing knowledge on the health properties of CCT isolated from saffron, to facilitate its consideration as a healthy natural food colorant in the future. We evaluated the ability of CCT (1 and 5 μM) to reduce lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Intracellular fat was quantified by Oil Red O staining. CTT cytotoxicity was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The number and size of lipid droplets were analyzed using WimLipid software. The expression of adipogenic genes (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, C/EBPα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)) was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CCT 5 μM decreased intracellular fat by 22.6%, without affecting viability or lipid droplet generation, via a decrease in C/EBPα expression, implicated in lipid accumulation. Thus, CCT is a potential candidate to be included in dietary therapies aimed at reversing adipose tissue accumulation in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aitana Braza-Boïls
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Muerte Súbita y Mecanismos de Enfermedad (CaFaMuSMe), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (N.M.-L.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Manuel Vicente
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Gonzalo L. Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (N.M.-L.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Eduardo Nava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Sílvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Azizi S, Mahdavi R, Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Maleki V, Karamzad N, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Potential roles of Citrulline and watermelon extract on metabolic and inflammatory variables in diabetes mellitus, current evidence and future directions: A systematic review. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:187-198. [PMID: 31612510 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide. Citrulline is an α-amino acid, which is abundant in watermelon, and a precursor of arginine and nitric oxide. Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide is associated with insulin resistance. The present systematic review focused on the existing evidence of citrulline and watermelon extract effects on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in diabetes mellitus. METHODS A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar was conducted for relevant papers published from inception until October 2018. All clinical trials, animal and in vitro studies published in the English language that assessed the role of citrulline and watermelon extract on diabetes mellitus, were eligible. Studies providing inadequate information were excluded. RESULTS Out of 1262 articles we found, only eight articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. In three studies an increase in the synthesis of nitric oxide was reported with citrulline and watermelon extract supplementation. Four studies showed a significant reduction in blood glucose after supplementation with watermelon extract, and two studies reported a decrease in a number of inflammatory biomarkers following citrulline supplementation. Although citrulline intake caused a significant reduction in HOMA-IR in one study, inconsistent results were revealed on the effects of citrulline and watermelon extract on insulin levels and lipid profile. CONCLUSION Citrulline and watermelon extract could improve nitric oxide synthesis, glycaemic status and inflammation in diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are required to shed light on the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Azizi
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shavlakadze T, Morris M, Fang J, Wang SX, Zhu J, Zhou W, Tse HW, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Roma G, Glass DJ. Age-Related Gene Expression Signature in Rats Demonstrate Early, Late, and Linear Transcriptional Changes from Multiple Tissues. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3263-3273.e3. [PMID: 31533046 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the changes in gene expression that occur as a result of age, which might create a permissive or causal environment for age-related diseases, we produce a multi-time point age-related gene expression signature (AGES) from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and hippocampus of rats, comparing 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, 21-, 24-, and 27-month-old animals. We focus on genes that changed in one direction throughout the lifespan of the animal, either early in life (early logistic changes), at mid-age (mid-logistic), late in life (late-logistic), or linearly, throughout the lifespan of the animal. The pathways perturbed because of chronological age demonstrate organ-specific and more-global effects of aging and point to mechanisms that could potentially be counter-regulated pharmacologically to treat age-associated diseases. A small number of genes are regulated by aging in the same manner in every tissue, suggesting they may be more-universal markers of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Shavlakadze
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Melody Morris
- Respiratory Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jian Fang
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sharon X Wang
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Informatics Systems and Data Analysis, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Herman W Tse
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J Glass
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen X, Lu J, Zhao X, Chen C, Qiao D, Wang H, Yue X. Role of C/EBP-β in Methamphetamine-Mediated Microglial Apoptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:366. [PMID: 31496936 PMCID: PMC6712175 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused psychoactive drug that primarily damages the nervous system. However, the involvement of MA in the survival of microglia remains poorly understood. CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-β) is a transcription factor and an important regulator of cell apoptosis. Lipocalin2 (lcn2) is a known apoptosis inducer and is involved in many cell death processes. We hypothesized that C/EBP-β is involved in MA-induced lcn2-mediated microglial apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we measured the protein expression of C/EBP-β after MA treatment and evaluated the effects of silencing C/EBP-β or lcn2 on MA-induced apoptosis in BV-2 cells and the mouse striatum after intrastriatal MA injection. MA exposure increased the expression of C/EBP-β and stimulated the lcn2-mediated modulation of apoptosis. Moreover, silencing the C/EBP-β-dependent lcn2 upregulation reversed the MA-induced microglial apoptosis. The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed in mouse models, which demonstrated that the microinjection of anti-C/EBP-β into the striatum ameliorated the MA-induced decrease survival of microglia. These findings provide a new insight regarding the specific contributions of C/EBP-β-lcn2 to microglial survival in the context of MA abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neorogioltriol and Related Diterpenes from the Red Alga Laurencia Inhibit Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice by Suppressing M1 and Promoting M2-Like Macrophage Responses. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020097. [PMID: 30717366 PMCID: PMC6410277 DOI: 10.3390/md17020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central mediators of inflammation, orchestrating the inflammatory response through the production of cytokines and nitric oxide. Macrophages obtain pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which can be modulated by soluble factors, including natural products. Despite the crucial protective role of inflammation, chronic or deregulated inflammation can lead to pathological states, such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In this case, we studied the anti-inflammatory activity of neorogioltriol (1) in depth and identified two structurally related diterpenes, neorogioldiol (2), and O11,15-cyclo-14-bromo-14,15-dihydrorogiol-3,11-diol (3), with equally potent activity. We investigated the mechanism of action of metabolites 1⁻3 and found that all three suppressed macrophage activation and promoted an M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype by inducing expression of Arginase1, MRC1, IRAK-M, the transcription factor C/EBPβ, and the miRNA miR-146a. In addition, they suppressed iNOS induction and nitric oxide production. Importantly, treatment of mice with 2 or 3 suppressed DSS-induced colitis by reducing tissue damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, all these three diterpenes are promising lead molecules for the development of anti-inflammatory agents targeting macrophage polarization mechanisms.
Collapse
|
19
|
Guindi C, Cloutier A, Gaudreau S, Zerif E, McDonald PP, Tatsiy O, Asselin C, Dupuis G, Gris D, Amrani AA. Role of the p38 MAPK/C/EBPβ Pathway in the Regulation of Phenotype and IL-10 and IL-12 Production by Tolerogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120256. [PMID: 30544623 PMCID: PMC6316502 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in innate and adaptive immunity and self-immune tolerance. Immunogenic versus tolerogenic DC functions are dictated by their levels of costimulatory molecules and their cytokine expression profile. The transcription factor C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several inflammatory genes in many cell types including macrophages. However, little is known regarding the role of C/EBPβ in tolerogenic versus immunogenic DCs functions. We have previously reported that bone marrow-derived DCs generated with GM-CSF (GM/DCs) acquire the signature of semi-mature tolerogenic IL-10-producing DCs as opposed to immunogenic DCs generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 (IL-4/DCs). Here, we show that tolerogenic GM/DCs exhibit higher levels of phosphorylation and enhanced DNA binding activity of C/EBPβ and CREB than immunogenic IL-4/DCs. We also show that the p38 MAPK/CREB axis and GSK3 play an important role in regulating C/EBPβ phosphorylation and DNA binding activity. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in GM/DCs resulted in a drastic decrease of C/EBPβ and CREB DNA binding activities, a reduction of their IL-10 production and an increase of their IL-12p70 production, a characteristic of immunogenic IL-4/DCs. We also present evidence that GSK3 inhibition in GM/DCs reduced C/EBPβ DNA binding activity and increased expression of costimulatory molecules in GM/DCs and their production of IL-10. Analysis of GM/DCs of C/EBPβ-/- mice showed that C/EBPβ was essential to maintain the semimature phenotype and the production of IL-10 as well as low CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. Our results highlight the importance of the p38MAPK-C/EBPβ pathway in regulating phenotype and function of tolerogenic GM/DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Guindi
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Simon Gaudreau
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Echarki Zerif
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Olga Tatsiy
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Claude Asselin
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis Gris
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - And Abdelaziz Amrani
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pashenkov MV, Murugina NE, Budikhina AS, Pinegin BV. Synergistic interactions between NOD receptors and TLRs: Mechanisms and clinical implications. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:669-680. [PMID: 30517768 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0718-290r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) shape innate immune responses to particular classes of pathogens. Here, we review interactions between TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) receptors, two major groups of PRRs involved in innate recognition of bacteria. Most of experimental data both in vitro and in vivo suggest that NODs and TLRs synergize with each other at inducing the production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Molecular mechanisms of this synergy remain poorly understood, although several scenarios can be proposed: (i) direct interactions of signaling pathways downstream of NODs and TLRs; (ii) mutual transcriptional regulation of unique components of NOD-dependent and TLR-dependent signaling pathways; and (iii) interactions at the post-transcriptional level. Potential practical implications of NOD-TLR synergy are dual. In sepsis, where synergistic effects probably contribute to excessive proinflammatory cytokine production, blockade of NOD1, and/or NOD2 in addition to TLR4 blockade may be required to achieve therapeutic benefit. On the other hand, synergistic combinations of relatively small doses of NOD and TLR agonists administered before infection could be used to boost innate resistance against bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Pashenkov
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina E Murugina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Budikhina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Pinegin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Y, Sharma S, Assis PA, Jiang Z, Elling R, Olive AJ, Hang S, Bernier J, Huh JR, Sassetti CM, Knipe DM, Gazzinelli RT, Fitzgerald KA. CNBP controls IL-12 gene transcription and Th1 immunity. J Exp Med 2018; 215:3136-3150. [PMID: 30442645 PMCID: PMC6279399 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies reveal a previously unrecognized role for Cnbp as a novel transcriptional regulator engaged downstream of innate immune receptors controlling the c-Rel–IL-12–Th1 axis, which has important implications for both host defense and inflammatory disease. An inducible program of inflammatory gene expression is a hallmark of antimicrobial defenses. Recently, cellular nucleic acid–binding protein (CNBP) was identified as a regulator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)–dependent proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Here, we generated mice lacking CNBP and found that CNBP regulates a very restricted gene signature that includes IL-12β. CNBP resides in the cytosol of macrophages and translocates to the nucleus in response to diverse microbial pathogens and pathogen-derived products. Cnbp-deficient macrophages induced canonical NF-κB/Rel signaling normally but were impaired in their ability to control the activation of c-Rel, a key driver of IL-12β gene transcription. The nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of c-Rel required CNBP. Lastly, Cnbp-deficient mice were more susceptible to acute toxoplasmosis associated with reduced production of IL-12β, as well as a reduced T helper type 1 (Th1) cell IFN-γ response essential to controlling parasite replication. Collectively, these findings identify CNBP as important regulator of c-Rel–dependent IL-12β gene transcription and Th1 immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Chen
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.,Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Patricia A Assis
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Roland Elling
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Saiyu Hang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Bernier
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - David M Knipe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA .,Centre for Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghosh S, Wallerath C, Covarrubias S, Hornung V, Carpenter S, Fitzgerald KA. The PYHIN Protein p205 Regulates the Inflammasome by Controlling Asc Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3249-3260. [PMID: 28931603 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the IFN-inducible PYHIN protein family, such as absent in melanoma-2 and IFN-γ-inducible protein (IFI)16, bind dsDNA and form caspase-1-activating inflammasomes that are important in immunity to cytosolic bacteria, DNA viruses, or HIV. IFI16 has also been shown to regulate transcription of type I IFNs during HSV infection. The role of other members of the PYHIN protein family in the regulation of immune responses is much less clear. In this study, we identified an immune-regulatory function for a member of the murine PYHIN protein family, p205 (also called Ifi205). Examination of immune responses induced by dsDNA and other microbial ligands in bone marrow-derived macrophages lacking p205 revealed that inflammasome activation by dsDNA, as well as ligands that engage the NLRP3 inflammasome, was severely compromised in these cells. Further analysis revealed that p205-knockdown cells showed reduced expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like molecule containing CARD domain (Asc) at the protein and RNA levels. p205 knockdown resulted in reduced binding of actively transcribing RNA polymerase II to the endogenous Asc gene, resulting in decreased transcription and processing of Asc pre-mRNA. Deletion of p205 in B16 melanoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a similar loss of Asc expression. Ectopic expression of p205 induced expression of an Asc promoter-luciferase reporter gene. Together, these findings suggest that p205 controls expression of Asc mRNA to regulate inflammasome responses. These findings expand on our understanding of immune-regulatory roles for the PYHIN protein family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Ghosh
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Christina Wallerath
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; and
| | - Sergio Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; and
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Márquez S, Fernández JJ, Terán-Cabanillas E, Herrero C, Alonso S, Azogil A, Montero O, Iwawaki T, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Fernández N, Crespo MS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor IRE1α Enhances IL-23 Expression by Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:639. [PMID: 28674530 PMCID: PMC5475432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) undergo bioenergetic changes that influence the immune response. We found that stimulation with PAMPs enhanced glycolysis in DCs, whereas oxidative phosphorylation remained unaltered. Glucose starvation and the hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) modulated cytokine expression in stimulated DCs. Strikingly, IL23A was markedly induced upon 2-DG treatment, but not during glucose deprivation. Since 2-DG can also rapidly inhibit protein N-glycosylation, we postulated that this compound could induce IL-23 in DCs via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Indeed, stimulation of DCs with PAMPs in the presence of 2-DG robustly activated inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) signaling and to a lesser extent the PERK arm of the unfolded protein response. Additional ER stressors such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin also promoted IL-23 expression by PAMP-stimulated DCs. Pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic analyses using conditional knockout mice revealed that IL-23 induction in ER stressed DCs stimulated with PAMPs was IRE1α/X-box binding protein 1-dependent upon zymosan stimulation. Interestingly, we further evidenced PERK-mediated and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein β-dependent trans-activation of IL23A upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. Our findings uncover that the ER stress response can potently modulate cytokine expression in PAMP-stimulated human DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eli Terán-Cabanillas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Unidad Académica de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Carmen Herrero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Azogil
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Biotecnología, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kazanawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nieves Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sahu SK, Kumar M, Chakraborty S, Banerjee SK, Kumar R, Gupta P, Jana K, Gupta UD, Ghosh Z, Kundu M, Basu J. MicroRNA 26a (miR-26a)/KLF4 and CREB-C/EBPβ regulate innate immune signaling, the polarization of macrophages and the trafficking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to lysosomes during infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006410. [PMID: 28558034 PMCID: PMC5466338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For efficient clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), macrophages tilt towards M1 polarization leading to the activation of transcription factors associated with the production of antibacterial effector molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). At the same time, resolution of inflammation is associated with M2 polarization with increased production of arginase and cytokines such as IL-10. The transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that govern the balance between M1 and M2 polarization, and bacteria-containing processes such as autophagy and trafficking of Mtb to lysosomes, are incompletely understood. Here we report for the first time, that the transcription factor KLF4 is targeted by microRNA-26a (miR-26a). During Mtb infection, downregulation of miR-26a (observed both ex vivo and in vivo) facilitates upregulation of KLF4 which in turn favors increased arginase and decreased iNOS activity. We further demonstrate that KLF4 prevents trafficking of Mtb to lysosomes. The CREB-C/EBPβ signaling axis also favors M2 polarization. Downregulation of miR-26a and upregulation of C/ebpbeta were observed both in infected macrophages as well as in infected mice. Knockdown of C/ebpbeta repressed the expression of selected M2 markers such as Il10 and Irf4 in infected macrophages. The importance of these pathways is substantiated by observations that expression of miR-26a mimic or knockdown of Klf4 or Creb or C/ebpbeta, attenuated the survival of Mtb in macrophages. Taken together, our results attribute crucial roles for the miR-26a/KLF4 and CREB-C/EBPβsignaling pathways in regulating the survival of Mtb in macrophages. These studies expand our understanding of how Mtb hijacks host signaling pathways to survive in macrophages, and open up new exploratory avenues for host-targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Umesh D. Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India
| | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cytokine regulation of lung Th17 response to airway immunization using LPS adjuvant. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:361-372. [PMID: 27328989 PMCID: PMC5179326 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria in the airway preferentially induce a Th17 response. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of CD4 T-cell responses in the lungs are incompletely understood. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of Th17 differentiation in the lungs in response to immunization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant. Our data show that both Myd88 and TRIF are necessary for Th17 induction. This distinctive fate determination can be accounted for by the pattern of inflammatory cytokines induced by airway administration of LPS. We identified the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by small macrophages and IL-23 by alveolar dendritic cells (DCs), favoring Th17 responses, and IL-10 repressing interferon (IFN)-γ production. Furthermore, we show that exogenous IL-1β can drastically alter Th1 responses driven by influenza and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection models and induce IL-17 production. Thus, the precision of the lung immune responses to potential threats is orchestrated by the cytokine microenvironment, can be repolarized and targeted therapeutically by altering the cytokine milieu. These results indicate that how the development of Th17 responses in the lung is regulated by the cytokines produced by lung DCs and macrophages in response to intranasal immunization with LPS adjuvant.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zinc Modulates Endotoxin-Induced Human Macrophage Inflammation through ZIP8 Induction and C/EBPβ Inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169531. [PMID: 28056086 PMCID: PMC5215883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two vital functions of the innate immune system are to initiate inflammation and redistribute micronutrients in favor of the host. Zinc is an essential micronutrient used in host defense. The zinc importer ZIP8 is uniquely induced through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway by LPS in monocytes and functions to regulate inflammation in a zinc-dependent manner. Herein we determined the impact of zinc metabolism following LPS-induced inflammation in human macrophages. We observed that ZIP8 is constitutively expressed in resting macrophages and strikingly elevated following LPS exposure, a response that is unique compared to the 13 other known zinc import proteins. During LPS exposure, extracellular zinc concentrations within the physiological range markedly reduced IL-10 mRNA expression and protein release but increased mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-8, and IL-6. ZIP8 knockdown inhibited LPS-driven cellular accumulation of zinc and prevented zinc-dependent reduction of IL-10 release. Further, zinc supplementation reduced nuclear localization and activity of C/EBPβ, a transcription factor known to drive IL-10 expression. These studies demonstrate for the first time that zinc regulates LPS-mediated immune activation of human macrophages in a ZIP8-dependent manner, reducing IL-10. Based on these findings we predict that macrophage zinc metabolism is important in host defense against pathogens.
Collapse
|
27
|
Swift J, Coruzzi GM. A matter of time - How transient transcription factor interactions create dynamic gene regulatory networks. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:75-83. [PMID: 27546191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic reprogramming of transcriptional networks enables cells to adapt to a changing environment. Thus, it is crucial not only to understand what gene targets are regulated by a transcription factor (TF) but also when. This review explores the way TFs function with respect to time, paying particular attention to discoveries made in plants - where coordinated, genome-wide responses to environmental change is crucial to the survival of these sessile organisms. We investigate the molecular mechanisms that mediate transient TF-DNA binding, and assess how these rapid and dynamic interactions translate to long-term temporal regulation of genomes. We also discuss how current molecular techniques can catch, and sometimes miss, transient TF-target interactions that underlie dynamic cellular responses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Networks, edited by Dr. Erich Grotewold and Dr. Nathan Springer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Swift
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York 10003, USA.
| | - Gloria M Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
In K, Zaini MA, Müller C, Warren AJ, von Lindern M, Calkhoven CF. Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein deficiency impairs translation re-initiation from C/EBPα and C/EBPβ mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:4134-46. [PMID: 26762974 PMCID: PMC4872075 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond Syndrome (SBDS) gene cause Shwachman–Diamond Syndrome (SDS), a rare congenital disease characterized by bone marrow failure with neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and skeletal abnormalities. The SBDS protein is important for ribosome maturation and therefore SDS belongs to the ribosomopathies. It is unknown, however, if loss of SBDS functionality affects the translation of specific mRNAs and whether this could play a role in the development of the clinical features of SDS. Here, we report that translation of the C/EBPα and -β mRNAs, that are indispensible regulators of granulocytic differentiation, is altered by SBDS mutations or knockdown. We show that SBDS function is specifically required for efficient translation re-initiation into the protein isoforms C/EBPα-p30 and C/EBPβ-LIP, which is controlled by a single cis-regulatory upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) of both mRNAs. Furthermore, we show that as a consequence of the C/EBPα and -β deregulation the expression of MYC is decreased with associated reduction in proliferation, suggesting that failure of progenitor proliferation contributes to the haematological phenotype of SDS. Therefore, our study provides the first indication that disturbance of specific translation by loss of SBDS function may contribute to the development of the SDS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin In
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mohamad A Zaini
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Müller
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, the Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Saura J. C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors: Basic biology and roles in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:1-33. [PMID: 26143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hirai H, Yokota A, Tamura A, Sato A, Maekawa T. Non-steady-state hematopoiesis regulated by the C/EBPβ transcription factor. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:797-802. [PMID: 25940801 PMCID: PMC4520629 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoiesis responds to extracellular stimuli to meet changing demands and also to pathologically altered intracellular signaling. Granulocyte production increases following infection or in response to cytokine stimulation, and activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor is required for such stress-induced granulopoiesis, whereas C/EBPα plays a critical role in maintaining steady-state granulopoiesis. Different roles of these C/EBP transcription factors in different modes of hematopoiesis are evolutionally conserved from zebrafish to humans. In addition to reactions against infections, C/EBPβ is responsible for cancer-driven myelopoiesis, which promotes cancer progression, at least in part, by abrogating the immune response in the cancer microenvironment. The BCR–ABL fusion protein activates emergency-specific pathway of granulopoiesis by upregulating C/EBPβ. This in turn causes chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia, which is characterized by myeloid expansion. The C/EBPβ transcription factor also plays a role in other hematological malignancies of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage origin. Thus, elucidation of the upstream and downstream networks surrounding C/EBPβ will lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases mediated by non-steady-state hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Hirai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
- Correspondence Hideyo Hirai, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan., Tel: +81-75-751-3630; Fax: +81-75-751-4283;, E-mail:
| | - Asumi Yokota
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang YH, Shetty K, Surleac MD, Petrescu AJ, Schatz DG. Mapping and Quantitation of the Interaction between the Recombination Activating Gene Proteins RAG1 and RAG2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11802-17. [PMID: 25745109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAG endonuclease consists of RAG1, which contains the active site for DNA cleavage, and RAG2, an accessory factor whose interaction with RAG1 is critical for catalytic function. How RAG2 activates RAG1 is not understood. Here, we used biolayer interferometry and pulldown assays to identify regions of RAG1 necessary for interaction with RAG2 and to measure the RAG1-RAG2 binding affinity (KD ∼0.4 μM) (where RAG1 and RAG2 are recombination activating genes 1 or 2). Using the Hermes transposase as a guide, we constructed a 36-kDa "mini" RAG1 capable of interacting robustly with RAG2. Mini-RAG1 consists primarily of the catalytic center and the residues N-terminal to it, but it lacks a zinc finger region in RAG1 previously implicated in binding RAG2. The ability of Mini-RAG1 to interact with RAG2 depends on a predicted α-helix (amino acids 997-1008) near the RAG1 C terminus and a region of RAG1 from amino acids 479 to 559. Two adjacent acidic amino acids in this region (Asp-546 and Glu-547) are important for both the RAG1-RAG2 interaction and recombination activity, with Asp-546 of particular importance. Structural modeling of Mini-RAG1 suggests that Asp-546/Glu-547 lie near the predicted 997-1008 α-helix and components of the active site, raising the possibility that RAG2 binding alters the structure of the RAG1 active site. Quantitative Western blotting allowed us to estimate that mouse thymocytes contain on average ∼1,800 monomers of RAG1 and ∼15,000 molecules of RAG2, implying that nuclear concentrations of RAG1 and RAG2 are below the KD value for their interaction, which could help limit off-target RAG activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhang
- From the Departments of Immunobiology and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Keerthi Shetty
- From the Departments of Immunobiology and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Marius D Surleac
- the Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania, and
| | - Andrei J Petrescu
- the Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania, and
| | - David G Schatz
- From the Departments of Immunobiology and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of citrulline on peritoneal macrophages in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Br J Nutr 2014; 113:120-4. [PMID: 25391524 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes (T2D) macrophage dysfunction increases susceptibility to infection and mortality. This may result from the associated decreased plasma concentration of arginine, an amino acid that plays an important role in immunity. In vitro, increasing arginine availability leads to an improvement in macrophage function; however, arginine supplementation in diabetic obese patients may be detrimental. The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro whether citrulline, an arginine precursor, could replace arginine in the regulation of macrophage function under a condition of diabetes and obesity. Peritoneal macrophages from diabetic obese or lean rats were incubated for 6 h in an arginine-free medium, in the presence of increasing citrulline concentrations (0·1, 0·5, 1 or 2 mmol/l). Cytokine and NO production was determined. Peritoneal macrophages from either lean or diabetic obese rats produced NO, and at higher levels in the cells from lean rats. In diabetic obese rats, TNF-α production decreased with increasing citrulline concentrations, but was higher than that in the cells from lean rats. In contrast, IL-6 production increased with increasing citrulline concentrations. The present experiment shows that citrulline is effectively used for NO production and regulates cytokine production in macrophages from diabetic obese rats. This effect warrants in vivo evaluation in T2D-related inflammation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Perino A, Pols TWH, Nomura M, Stein S, Pellicciari R, Schoonjans K. TGR5 reduces macrophage migration through mTOR-induced C/EBPβ differential translation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5424-36. [PMID: 25365223 DOI: 10.1172/jci76289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile acid-responsive G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 is involved in several metabolic processes, and recent studies suggest that TGR5 activation may promote pathways that are protective against diet-induced diabetes. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-specific TGR5 signaling in protecting adipose tissue from inflammation and associated insulin resistance. Examination of adipose tissue from obese mice lacking macrophage Tgr5 revealed enhanced inflammation, increased chemokine expression, and higher macrophage numbers compared with control obese animals. Moreover, macrophage-specific deletion of Tgr5 exacerbated insulin resistance in obese animals. Conversely, pharmacological activation of TGR5 markedly decreased LPS-induced chemokine expression in primary macrophages. This reduction was mediated by AKT-dependent activation of mTOR complex 1, which in turn induced the differential translation of the dominant-negative C/EBPβ isoform, liver inhibitory protein (LIP). Overall, these studies reveal a signaling pathway downstream of TGR5 that modulates chemokine expression in response to high-fat diet and suggest that targeting this pathway has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zimmermann K, van Phi VD, Brase A, Phi-van L. Inhibition of serotonin transporter expression by C/EBPβ in LPS-activated macrophage cells (HD11). Innate Immun 2014; 21:406-15. [PMID: 25213348 DOI: 10.1177/1753425914547434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) transporter (5-HTT) is involved in inflammation and the stress response. In this study, we examined the regulation of 5-HTT expression in macrophage HD11 cells in response to bacterial LPS. Long-term exposure of cells to LPS (6-18 h) produced a decrease in 5-HTT mRNA expression. Accordingly, reduced 5-HTT activity measured by 5-HT uptake was also observed in LPS-treated HD11 cells. Moreover, LPS treatment, as well as co-transfection with an expression vector encoding the chicken CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), resulted in inhibition of 5-HTT promoter activity. Indeed, sequence analysis revealed several C/EBPβ binding motifs in the upstream region of the 5-HTT gene, which specifically interacted with C/EBPβ both in an in vitro band shift assay and in living HD11 cells. The C/EBPβ binding was activated in cells treated with LPS. The role of C/EBPβ in LPS inhibition of 5-HTT expression was further confirmed by small interfering RNA interference, which demonstrated that knockdown of endogenous C/EBPβ attenuated the inhibition of 5-HTT expression in LPS-treated cells. Taken together, the results suggest that C/EBPβ plays a critical role in regulating the 5-HTT gene in macrophages in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zimmermann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| | - Valerie D van Phi
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Angela Brase
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| | - Loc Phi-van
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodríguez M, Domingo E, Alonso S, Frade JG, Eiros J, Crespo MS, Fernández N. The unfolded protein response and the phosphorylations of activating transcription factor 2 in the trans-activation of il23a promoter produced by β-glucans. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22942-22957. [PMID: 24982422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current views on the control of IL-23 production focus on the regulation of il23a, the gene encoding IL-23 p19, by NF-κB in combination with other transcription factors. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), X2-Box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), activator protein 1 (AP1), SMAD, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) have been involved in response to LPS, but no data are available regarding the mechanism triggered by the fungal mimic and β-glucan-containing stimulus zymosan, which produces IL-23 and to a low extent the related cytokine IL-12 p70. Zymosan induced the mobilization of CHOP from the nuclear fractions to phagocytic vesicles. Hypha-forming Candida also induced the nuclear disappearance of CHOP. Assay of transcription factor binding to the il23a promoter showed an increase of Thr(P)-71-Thr(P)-69-activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) binding in response to zymosan. PKC and PKA/mitogen- and stress-activated kinase inhibitors down-regulated Thr(P)-71-ATF2 binding to the il23a promoter and il23a mRNA expression. Consistent with the current concept of complementary phosphorylations on N-terminal Thr-71 and Thr-69 of ATF2 by ERK and p38 MAPK, MEK, and p38 MAPK inhibitors blunted Thr(P)-69-ATF2 binding. Knockdown of atf2 mRNA with siRNA correlated with inhibition of il23a mRNA, but it did not affect the expression of il12/23b and il10 mRNA. These data indicate the following: (i) zymosan decreases nuclear proapoptotic CHOP, most likely by promoting its accumulation in phagocytic vesicles; (ii) zymosan-induced il23a mRNA expression is best explained through coordinated κB- and ATF2-dependent transcription; and (iii) il23a expression relies on complementary phosphorylation of ATF2 on Thr-69 and Thr-71 dependent on PKC and MAPK activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005-Valladolid
| | - Esther Domingo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 47003-Valladolid
| | - Sara Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 47003-Valladolid
| | - Javier García Frade
- Division of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, 47012-Valladolid, and
| | - José Eiros
- Division of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, 47012-Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 47003-Valladolid,.
| | - Nieves Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005-Valladolid
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shoji T, Higuchi H, Nishijima KI, Iijima S. Effects of Siglec on the expression of IL-10 in the macrophage cell line RAW264. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:633-9. [PMID: 24715531 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was significantly elevated upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) when the sialic acid-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectin Siglec-5 or -9 was overexpressed in RAW264 cells. During the course to clarify the mechanism for this activation, we found that IL-10 promoter proximal region up to -500 bp led to transactivation similar to that up to -1,500 bp. Among the transcription factors that activate the mouse IL-10 promoter so far reported, the level of C/EBPβ was increased in Siglec-9-expressing cells. Transient expression of the C/EBPβ major isoform LAP led to an increase in the expression of IL-10 in Siglec-9-expressing cells, but not in mock-transfected control RAW264 cells upon stimulation with LPS, as assessed by either a luciferase assay or the production of IL-10. Without LPS, the IL-10 promoter was activated by transiently expressed LAP in Siglec-9-expressing cells, however, the magnitude of transactivation was less than that with the LPS stimulation. The knockdown of C/EBPβ down-regulated the production of IL-10. Taken together, these results suggest that one of the reasons for the stimulation of IL-10 expression in Siglec-9-expressing cells may be an increase in intracellular C/EBPβ level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shoji
- Department of Biotechnology, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Serrat N, Sebastian C, Pereira-Lopes S, Valverde-Estrella L, Lloberas J, Celada A. The Response of Secondary Genes to Lipopolysaccharides in Macrophages Depends on Histone Deacetylase and Phosphorylation of C/EBPβ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:418-26. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Transcription of Tnfaip3 is regulated by NF-κB and p38 via C/EBPβ in activated macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73153. [PMID: 24023826 PMCID: PMC3759409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in the immune system through recognition and elimination of microbial pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages interact with microbial substances and initiate signal transduction through intracellular adapters. TLR4, which recognizes the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, triggers downstream signaling mediators and eventually activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38. Previous reports revealed that, in addition to NF-κB, a core transcription factor of the innate immune response, the induction of some LPS-induced genes in macrophages required another transcription factor whose activity depends on p38. However, these additional transcription factors remain to be identified. In order to identify p38-activated transcription factors that cooperate with NF-κB in response to LPS stimulation, microarrays were used to identify genes regulated by both NF-κB and p38 using wild-type, IKK-depleted, and p38 inhibitor-treated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In silico analysis of transcription factor binding sites was used to predict the potential synergistic transcription factors from the co-expressed genes. Among these genes, NF-κB and C/EBPβ, a p38 downstream transcription factor, were predicted to co-regulate genes in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. Based on the subsequent results of a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and TNFAIP3 expression in C/EBPβ-ablated macrophages, we demonstrated that Tnfaip3 is regulated by both NF-κB and p38-dependent C/EBPβ. These results identify a novel regulatory mechanism in TLR4-mediated innate immunity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sheldon KE, Shandilya H, Kepka-Lenhart D, Poljakovic M, Ghosh A, Morris SM. Shaping the murine macrophage phenotype: IL-4 and cyclic AMP synergistically activate the arginase I promoter. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:2290-8. [PMID: 23913966 PMCID: PMC3829606 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arginase I is a marker of murine M2 macrophages and is highly expressed in many inflammatory diseases. The basis for high arginase I expression in macrophages in vivo is incompletely understood but likely reflects integrated responses to combinations of stimuli. Our objective was to elucidate mechanisms involved in modulating arginase I induction by IL-4, the prototypical activator of M2 macrophages. IL-4 and 8-bromo-cAMP individually induce arginase I, but together they rapidly and synergistically induce arginase I mRNA, protein, and promoter activity in murine macrophage cells. Arginase I induction by IL-4 requires binding of the transcription factors STAT6 and C/EBPβ to the IL-4 response element of the arginase I gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that the synergistic response involves binding of both transcription factors to the IL-4 response element at levels significantly greater than in response to IL-4 alone. The results suggest that C/EBPβ is a limiting factor for the level of STAT6 bound to the IL-4 response element. The enhanced binding in the synergistic response was not due to increased expression of either STAT6 or C/EBPβ but was correlated primarily with increased nuclear abundance of C/EBPβ. Our findings also suggest that induction of arginase I expression is stochastic; that is, differences in induction reflect differences in probability of transcriptional activation and not simply differences in rate of transcription. Results of the present study also may be useful for understanding mechanisms underlying regulated expression of other genes in macrophages and other myeloid-derived cells in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Sheldon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Harish Shandilya
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Diane Kepka-Lenhart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Mirjana Poljakovic
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Arundhati Ghosh
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sidney M. Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The transcription factor C/EBP-β mediates constitutive and LPS-inducible transcription of murine SerpinB2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57855. [PMID: 23472114 PMCID: PMC3589482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SerpinB2 or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is highly induced in macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli and is linked to the modulation of innate immunity, macrophage survival, and inhibition of plasminogen activators. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent bacterial endotoxin, can induce SerpinB2 expression via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by ∼1000-fold over a period of 24 hrs in murine macrophages. To map the LPS-regulated SerpinB2 promoter regions, we transfected reporter constructs driven by the ∼5 kb 5'-flanking region of the murine SerpinB2 gene and several deletion mutants into murine macrophages. In addition, we compared the DNA sequence of the murine 5′ flanking sequence with the sequence of the human gene for homologous functional regulatory elements and identified several regulatory cis-acting elements in the human SERPINB2 promoter conserved in the mouse. Mutation analyses revealed that a CCAAT enhancer binding (C/EBP) element, a cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and two activator protein 1 (AP-1) response elements in the murine SerpinB2 proximal promoter are essential for optimal LPS-inducibility. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that LPS induces the formation of C/EBP-β containing complexes with the SerpinB2 promoter. Importantly, both constitutive and LPS-induced SerpinB2 expression was severely abrogated in C/EBP-β-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and primary C/EBP-β-deficient peritoneal macrophages. Together, these data provide new insight into C/EBP-β-dependent regulation of inflammation-associated SerpinB2 expression.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bonhomme S, Belabed L, Blanc MC, Neveux N, Cynober L, Darquy S. Arginine-supplemented enteral nutrition in critically ill diabetic and obese rats: A dose-ranging study evaluating nutritional status and macrophage function. Nutrition 2013; 29:305-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
42
|
Wang Y, Jiang Q. γ-Tocotrienol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interlukin-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by suppressing C/EBPβ and NF-κB in macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:1146-52. [PMID: 23246159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines generated from macrophages contribute to pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases. Here we show that γ-tocotrienol (γ-TE), a natural vitamin E form, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-6 production without affecting tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-10 or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Mechanistic studies indicate that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase, p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), is important to IL-6 production and that γ-TE treatment blocks NF-κB activation. In contrast, COX-2 appears to be regulated by p38 MAPK in RAW cells, but γ-TE has no effect on LPS-stimulated p38 phosphorylation. Despite necessary for IL-6, NF-κB activation by TNF-α or other cytokines is not sufficient for IL-6 induction with exception of LPS. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β appears to be involved in IL-6 formation because LPS induces C/EBPβ up-regulation, which parallels IL-6 production, and knockdown of C/EBPβ with small interfering RNA results in diminished IL-6. LPS but not individual cytokines is capable of stimulating C/EBPβ and IL-6 in macrophages. Consistent with its dampening effect on IL-6, γ-TE blunts LPS-induced up-regulation of C/EBPβ without affecting C/EBPδ. γ-TE also decreases LPS-stimulated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a C/EBPβ target gene. Compared with RAW264.7 cells, γ-TE shows similar or stronger inhibitory effects on LPS-triggered activation of NF-κB, C/EPBβ and C/EBPδ and more potently suppresses IL-6 and G-CSF in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our study demonstrates that γ-TE has antiinflammatory activities by inhibition of NF-κB and C/EBPs activation in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
C/EBPβ expression in activated microglia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2186-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
44
|
Carey MF, Peterson CL, Smale ST. Confirming the functional importance of a protein-DNA interaction. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:733-57. [PMID: 22753608 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top070060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying DNA-binding proteins that interact with a control region of interest has become quite straightforward. However, the functional relevance of a given protein-DNA interaction is difficult to establish. The hypothesis that an interaction is relevant can be tested by several different experiments, 12 of which are outlined in this article. It must be remembered that none of these experiments by itself is conclusive. The information gained from each approach is described and explanations are given for why each yields useful but inconclusive results. The approaches vary widely with respect to the amount of effort required and the quality of information obtained.
Collapse
|
45
|
Breuillard C, Belabed L, Bonhomme S, Blanc-Quintin MC, Neveux N, Couderc R, De Bandt JP, Cynober L, Darquy S. Arginine availability modulates arginine metabolism and TNFα production in peritoneal macrophages from Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Clin Nutr 2012; 31:415-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
46
|
Cooper LA, Gutman DA, Chisolm C, Appin C, Kong J, Rong Y, Kurc T, Van Meir EG, Saltz JH, Moreno CS, Brat DJ. The tumor microenvironment strongly impacts master transcriptional regulators and gene expression class of glioblastoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2108-19. [PMID: 22440258 PMCID: PMC3354586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has generated gene expression data that divides glioblastoma (GBM) into four transcriptional classes: proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal. Because transcriptional class is only partially explained by underlying genomic alterations, we hypothesize that the tumor microenvironment may also have an impact. In this study, we focused on necrosis and angiogenesis because their presence is both prognostically and biologically significant. These features were quantified in digitized histological images of TCGA GBM frozen section slides that were immediately adjacent to samples used for molecular analysis. Correlating these features with transcriptional data, we found that the mesenchymal transcriptional class was significantly enriched with GBM samples that contained a high degree of necrosis. Furthermore, among 2422 genes that correlated with the degree of necrosis in GBMs, transcription factors known to drive the mesenchymal expression class were most closely related, including C/EBP-β, C/EBP-δ, STAT3, FOSL2, bHLHE40, and RUNX1. Non-mesenchymal GBMs in the TCGA data set were found to become more transcriptionally similar to the mesenchymal class with increasing levels of necrosis. In addition, high expression levels of the master mesenchymal factors C/EBP-β, C/EBP-δ, and STAT3 were associated with a poor prognosis. Strong, specific expression of C/EBP-β and C/EBP-δ by hypoxic, perinecrotic cells in GBM likely account for their tight association with necrosis and may be related to their poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee A.D. Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David A. Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Candace Chisolm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina Appin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tahsin Kurc
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel H. Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carlos S. Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel J. Brat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Harries LW, Pilling LC, Hernandez LDG, Bradley-Smith R, Henley W, Singleton AB, Guralnik JM, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Melzer D. CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-beta expression in vivo is associated with muscle strength. Aging Cell 2012; 11:262-8. [PMID: 22152057 PMCID: PMC3486692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining muscle strength is a core feature of aging. Several mechanisms have been postulated, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta (C/EBP-β)-triggered macrophage-mediated muscle fiber regeneration after micro-injury, evidenced in a mouse model. We aimed to identify in vivo circulating leukocyte gene expression changes associated with muscle strength in the human adult population. We undertook a genome-wide expression microarray screen, using peripheral blood RNA samples from InCHIANTI study participants (aged 30 and 104). Logged expression intensities were regressed with muscle strength using models adjusted for multiple confounders. Key results were validated by real-time PCR. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score tested walk speed, chair stand, and balance. CEBPB expression levels were associated with muscle strength (β coefficient = 0.20560, P = 1.03*10(-6), false discovery rate q = 0.014). The estimated handgrip strength in 70-year-old men in the lowest CEBPB expression tertile was 35.2 kg compared with 41.2 kg in the top tertile. CEBPB expression was also associated with hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder strength and the SPPB score (P = 0.018). Near-study-wide associations were also noted for TGF-β3 (P = 3.4*10(-5) , q = 0.12) and CEBPD expression (P = 9.7*10(-5) , q = 0.18) but not for CEBPA expression. We report here a novel finding that raised CEBPB expression in circulating leukocyte-derived RNA samples in vivo is associated with greater muscle strength and better physical performance in humans. This association may be consistent with mouse model evidence of CEBPB-triggered muscle repair: if this mechanism is confirmed, it may provide a target for intervention to protect and enhance aging muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W. Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Luke C. Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - L Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel Bradley-Smith
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - William Henley
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack M Guralnik
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - David Melzer
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Carey MF, Peterson CL, Smale ST. Identifying cis-acting DNA elements within a control region. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:279-96. [PMID: 22383646 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top068171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods can be used to identify DNA sequence motifs that have been conserved through evolution, as well as motifs that correspond to recognition sites for known DNA-binding proteins. These computational methods, when combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation and other basic experiments, can provide preliminary insight into the elements and factors that regulate a gene of interest. When pursuing a more complete understanding of a control region of interest, a comprehensive mutant analysis should generally be performed as a critical step toward more advanced functional studies. This article describes strategies for such a comprehensive analysis. It also summarizes the insights provided by a comprehensive mutant analysis versus a phylogenetic analysis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Straccia M, Gresa-Arribas N, Dentesano G, Ejarque-Ortiz A, Tusell JM, Serratosa J, Solà C, Saura J. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and neurotoxic effects of activated microglia are attenuated by absence of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:156. [PMID: 22074460 PMCID: PMC3223504 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia and astrocytes respond to homeostatic disturbances with profound changes of gene expression. This response, known as glial activation or neuroinflammation, can be detrimental to the surrounding tissue. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator of gene expression in inflammation but little is known about its involvement in glial activation. To explore the functional role of C/EBPβ in glial activation we have analyzed pro-inflammatory gene expression and neurotoxicity in murine wild type and C/EBPβ-null glial cultures. Methods Due to fertility and mortality problems associated with the C/EBPβ-null genotype we developed a protocol to prepare mixed glial cultures from cerebral cortex of a single mouse embryo with high yield. Wild-type and C/EBPβ-null glial cultures were compared in terms of total cell density by Hoechst-33258 staining; microglial content by CD11b immunocytochemistry; astroglial content by GFAP western blot; gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, immunocytochemistry and Griess reaction; and microglial neurotoxicity by estimating MAP2 content in neuronal/microglial cocultures. C/EBPβ DNA binding activity was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results C/EBPβ mRNA and protein levels, as well as DNA binding, were increased in glial cultures by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS + interferon γ (IFNγ). Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation showed binding of C/EBPβ to pro-inflammatory gene promoters in glial activation in a stimulus- and gene-dependent manner. In agreement with these results, LPS and LPS+IFNγ induced different transcriptional patterns between pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO synthase-2 genes. Furthermore, the expressions of IL-1β and NO synthase-2, and consequent NO production, were reduced in the absence of C/EBPβ. In addition, neurotoxicity elicited by LPS+IFNγ-treated microglia co-cultured with neurons was completely abolished by the absence of C/EBPβ in microglia. Conclusions These findings show involvement of C/EBPβ in the regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression in glial activation, and demonstrate for the first time a key role for C/EBPβ in the induction of neurotoxic effects by activated microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Straccia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|