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Liu X, Wang H, Wang X, Jiang X, Jin Y, Han Y, Zhang Z. Identification and verification of inflammatory biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1335-1352. [PMID: 38376769 PMCID: PMC10944815 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltration, and dysfunction of the salivary and lacrimal glands. This research aimed to explore the disease pathogenesis and improve the diagnosis and treatment of pSS by mining inflammation-associated biomarkers. METHODS Five pSS-related datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Inflammation-associated biomarkers were determined by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machines recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was implemented to profile the infiltration levels of immune cells. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) verified the expression of biomarkers in clinical samples. RESULTS Four genes (LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10) were screened as inflammation-associated biomarkers in pSS, the predictive performance of which were determined among three pSS-related datasets (AUC > 0.7). Functional enrichment results suggested that the biomarkers were involved in immune and inflammation-related pathways. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that biomarkers were notably connected with type 2 T helper cells, regulatory T cells which were significantly expressed between pSS and control. TESTOSTERONE and CYCLOSPORINE were predicted to take effect by targeting CXCL10 and IL15 in pSS, respectively. CONCLUSION Four inflammation-associated biomarkers (LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10) were explored, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms and targeted drugs associated with these biomarkers were preliminarily investigated according to a series of bioinformatics methods based on the online datasets of pSS, which provided a reference for understanding the pathogenesis of pSS. Key Points • Inflammation-associated biomarkers (LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10) were firstly identified in Sjögren's syndrome based on LASSO and SVM-RFE analyses. • CXCL10, EIF2AK2 and LY6E were prominently positively correlated with immature B cells, while IL15 were significantly negatively correlated with memory B cells in Sjögren's syndrome. • LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10 were significantly more highly expressed in clinical Sjögren's syndrome samples compared to healthy control samples, which was consistent with the analysis results of the GEO database. •LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10 might be used as the biomarkers for the treatment and diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral Medicine, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering, Haidian District, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wang Y, Riaz F, Wang W, Pu J, Liang Y, Wu Z, Pan S, Song J, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu H, Han F, Tang J, Wang X. Functional significance of DNA methylation: epigenetic insights into Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1289492. [PMID: 38510251 PMCID: PMC10950951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1289492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic, highly diverse, and chronic autoimmune disease with a significant global prevalence. It is a complex condition that requires careful management and monitoring. Recent research indicates that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of SjS by modulating gene expression and genome stability. DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic modification, is the fundamental mechanism that modifies the expression of various genes by modifying the transcriptional availability of regulatory regions within the genome. In general, adding a methyl group to DNA is linked with the inhibition of genes because it changes the chromatin structure. DNA methylation changes the fate of multiple immune cells, such as it leads to the transition of naïve lymphocytes to effector lymphocytes. A lack of central epigenetic enzymes frequently results in abnormal immune activation. Alterations in epigenetic modifications within immune cells or salivary gland epithelial cells are frequently detected during the pathogenesis of SjS, representing a robust association with autoimmune responses. The analysis of genome methylation is a beneficial tool for establishing connections between epigenetic changes within different cell types and their association with SjS. In various studies related to SjS, most differentially methylated regions are in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus. Notably, the demethylation of various sites in the genome is often observed in SjS patients. The most strongly linked differentially methylated regions in SjS patients are found within genes regulated by type I interferon. This demethylation process is partly related to B-cell infiltration and disease progression. In addition, DNA demethylation of the runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) gene, lymphotoxin-α (LTA), and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is associated with SjS. It may assist the early diagnosis of SjS by serving as a potential biomarker. Therefore, this review offers a detailed insight into the function of DNA methylation in SjS and helps researchers to identify potential biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jincheng Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lufei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Rutkowska-Zapała M, Grabowska-Gurgul A, Lenart M, Szaflarska A, Kluczewska A, Mach-Tomalska M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Siedlar M. Gene Signature of Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Children with Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Cells 2024; 13:417. [PMID: 38474381 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common form and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most symptomatic form of predominant antibody deficiency. Despite differences in the clinical picture, a similar genetic background is suggested. A common feature of both disorders is the occurrence of autoimmune conditions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the major immune cell type that maintains autoimmune tolerance. As the different types of abnormalities of Treg cells have been associated with autoimmune disorders in primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients, in our study we aimed to analyze the gene expression profiles of Treg cells in CVID and SIgAD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. The transcriptome-wide gene profiling was performed by microarray technology. As a result, we analyzed and visualized gene expression patterns of isolated population of Treg cells. We showed the differences at the gene level between patients with and without autoimmunizations. Our findings suggest that the gene signatures of Treg cells isolated from SIgAD and CVID patients differ from age-matched healthy controls and from each other, presenting transcriptional profiles enriched in innate immune or Th response, respectively. The occurrence of autoimmunity in both types of PID is associated with down-regulation of class I IFNs signaling pathways. In summary, our findings improve our understanding of Treg dysfunctions in patients with common PIDs and associated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapała
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grabowska-Gurgul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Szaflarska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kluczewska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Mach-Tomalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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Naigeon M, Roulleaux Dugage M, Danlos FX, Boselli L, Jouniaux JM, de Oliveira C, Ferrara R, Duchemann B, Berthot C, Girard L, Flippot R, Albiges L, Farhane S, Saulnier P, Lacroix L, Griscelli F, Roman G, Hulett T, Marabelle A, Cassard L, Besse B, Chaput N. Human virome profiling identified CMV as the major viral driver of a high accumulation of senescent CD8 + T cells in patients with advanced NSCLC. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0708. [PMID: 37939189 PMCID: PMC10631735 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating senescent CD8+ T (T8sen) cells are characterized by a lack of proliferative capacities but retain cytotoxic activity and have been associated to resistance to immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). We aimed to better characterize T8sen and to determine which factors were associated with their accumulation in patients with aNSCLC. Circulating T8sen cells were characterized by a higher expression of SA-βgal and the transcription factor T-bet, confirming their senescent status. Using whole virome profiling, cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the only virus associated with T8sen. CMV was necessary but not sufficient to explain high accumulation of T8sen (T8senhigh status). In CMV+ patients, the proportion of T8sen cells increased with cancer progression. Last, CMV-induced T8senhigh phenotype but not CMV seropositivity itself was associated with worse progression-free and overall survival in patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy but not with chemotherapy. Overall, CMV is the unique viral driver of T8sen-driven resistance to anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies in patients with aNSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Naigeon
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François-Xavier Danlos
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015 and Centre d’Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Boselli
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline de Oliveira
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Boris Duchemann
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Département d’oncologie thoracique et médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Caroline Berthot
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lou Girard
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Siham Farhane
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015 and Centre d’Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ludovic Lacroix
- AMMICa, UAR 3655/US23, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gabriel Roman
- CDI Laboratories Inc., 1 N. Haven Street, Suite B001, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tyler Hulett
- CDI Laboratories Inc., 1 N. Haven Street, Suite B001, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015 and Centre d’Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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5
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Kapp FG, Kretschmer S, Beckmann CCA, Wäsch L, Molitor A, Carapito R, Schubert M, Lucas N, Conrad S, Poignant S, Isidor B, Rohlfs M, Kisaarslan AP, Schanze D, Zenker M, Schmitt-Graeff A, Strahm B, Peters A, Yoshimi A, Driever W, Zillinger T, Günther C, Maharana S, Guan K, Klein C, Ehl S, Niemeyer CM, Unal E, Bahram S, Hauck F, Lee-Kirsch MA, Speckmann C. C-terminal variants in CDC42 drive type I interferon-dependent autoinflammation in NOCARH syndrome reversible by ruxolitinib. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109777. [PMID: 37741518 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
C-terminal variants in CDC42 encoding cell division control protein 42 homolog underlie neonatal-onset cytopenia, autoinflammation, rash, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (NOCARH). Pyrin inflammasome hyperactivation has been shown to contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, mortality of NOCARH patients remains high despite inflammasome-focused treatments. Here, we demonstrate in four NOCARH patients from three families that cell-intrinsic activation of type I interferon (IFN) is a previously unrecognized driver of autoinflammation in NOCARH. Our data show that aberrant innate immune activation is caused by sensing of cytosolic nucleic acids released from mitochondria, which exhibit disturbances in integrity and dynamics due to CDC42 dysfunction. In one of our patients, treatment with the Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib led to complete remission, indicating that inhibition of type I IFN signaling may have an important role in the management of autoinflammation in patients with NOCARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich G Kapp
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cora C A Beckmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Wäsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Molitor
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Solène Conrad
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Meino Rohlfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ayşenur Paç Kisaarslan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, 38039 Melikgazi, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Strahm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Peters
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayami Yoshimi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shovamayee Maharana
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ekrem Unal
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, 38039 Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Xu S, Zhu C, Jiang J, Cheng H, Wang P, Hong J, Yang S, Li Z, Wang X. Non-invasive diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome using ultrasonography and transcriptome biomarkers. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109739. [PMID: 37586671 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is difficult due to clinical heterogeneity and the absence of non-invasive specific biomarkers. To develop non-invasive pSS diagnosis methods that integrate classic clinical indexes, major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS), and gene expression profiles shared by labial gland and peripheral blood, we conducted a study on a cohort of 358 subjects. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in glands and blood that were enriched in defense response to virus and type I interferon production pathways. Four upregulated DEGs common in glands and blood were identified as hub genes based on the protein-protein interaction networks. A random forest model was trained using features, including SGUS, anti-SSA/Ro60, keratoconjunctivitis sicca tests, and gene expression levels of MX1 and RSAD2. The model achieved comparable pSS diagnosis accuracy to the golden standard method based on labial gland biopsy. Our findings implicate this novel model as a promising diagnosis technique of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Chengwei Zhu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiachun Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jingwei Hong
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhongshan Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200001, China.
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7
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Cai T, Xu J, Fang Y, Wu Y, Qin Q, Zhang JA. Shared biomarkers of multi-tissue origin for primary Sjogren's syndrome and their importance in immune microenvironment alterations. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152726. [PMID: 37591179 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
With the recent advancement in omics and molecular techniques, a wealth of new molecular biomarkers have become available for the diagnosis and classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. However, whether these biomarkers are universal is of great interest to us. In this study, we used various methods to obtain shared biomarkers derived from multiple tissue in pSS patients and to explore their relationship with immune microenvironment alterations. First we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pSS and healthy controls utilizing nine mRNA microarray datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, shared biomarkers were filtered out using robust rank aggregation (RRA), data integration analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression; their roles in pSS and association with changes in the immune microenvironment were also analyzed. In addition, these biomarkers were further confirmed with both the testing set and immunohistochemistry (IHC). As a result, ten biomarkers, i.e., EPSTI1, IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, OAS1, PARP9, SAMD9L and TRIM22, were identified. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the ten genes could discriminate pSS from controls. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the enrichment of immune-related gene sets was significant in pSS patients with high expression of either biomarker. Furthermore, the association between some immunocytes and these biomarkers was identified. In the two distinct molecular patterns of pSS patients based on the expressions of these biomarkers, the proportions of immunocytes were significantly different. Our study identified shared biomarkers of multi-tissue origin and revealed their relationship with altered immune microenvironment in pSS patients. These markers not only have diagnostic implications but also provide potential immunotherapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudie Fang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Hamkour S, van der Heijden EH, Lopes AP, Blokland SLM, Bekker CPJ, Van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Versnel MA, Kruize AA, Radstake TR, Leavis HL, Hillen MR, van Roon JA. Leflunomide/hydroxychloroquine combination therapy targets type I IFN-associated proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome that show potential to predict and monitor clinical response. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002979. [PMID: 37532471 PMCID: PMC10401261 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-002979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess to what extent leflunomide (LEF) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (RepurpSS-I) targets type I IFN-associated responses and to study the potential of several interferon associated RNA-based and protein-based biomarkers to predict and monitor treatment. METHODS In 21 patients treated with LEF/HCQ and 8 patients treated with placebo, blood was drawn at baseline, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. IFN-signatures based on RNA expression of five IFN-associated genes were quantified in circulating mononuclear cells and in whole blood. MxA protein levels were measured in whole blood, and protein levels of CXCL10 and Galectin-9 were quantified in serum. Differences between responders and non-responders were assessed and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the capacity of baseline expression and early changes (after 8 weeks of treatment) in biomarkers to predict treatment response at the clinical endpoint. RESULTS IFN-signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and whole blood decreased after 24 weeks of LEF/HCQ treatment, however, changes in IFN signatures only poorly correlated with changes in disease activity. In contrast to baseline IFN signatures, baseline protein concentrations of galectin-9 and decreases in circulating MxA and Galectin-9 were robustly associated with clinical response. Early changes in serum Galectin-9 best predicted clinical response at 24 weeks (area under the curve 0.90). CONCLUSIONS LEF/HCQ combination therapy targets type-I IFN-associated proteins that are associated with strongly decreased B cell hyperactivity and disease activity. IFN-associated Galectin-9 is a promising biomarker for treatment prediction and monitoring in pSS patients treated with LEF/HCQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Hamkour
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje Hm van der Heijden
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana P Lopes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie L M Blokland
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P J Bekker
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Aike A Kruize
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Rdj Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Hillen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Ag van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Torell A, Stockfelt M, Larsson G, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Leonard D, Rönnblom L, Saleh M, Sjöwall C, Strevens H, Jönsen A, Bengtsson AA, Trysberg E, Sennström MM, Zickert A, Svenungsson E, Gunnarsson I, Christenson K, Bylund J, Jacobsson B, Rudin A, Lundell AC. Low-density granulocytes are related to shorter pregnancy duration but not to interferon alpha protein blood levels in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 37349744 PMCID: PMC10286457 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased risk of pregnancy complications is seen in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the specific immunopathological drivers are still unclear. Hallmarks of SLE are granulocyte activation, type I interferon (IFN) overproduction, and autoantibodies. Here we examined whether low-density granulocytes (LDG) and granulocyte activation increase during pregnancy, and related the results to IFNα protein levels, autoantibody profile, and gestational age at birth. METHODS Repeated blood samples were collected during pregnancy in trimesters one, two, and three from 69 women with SLE and 27 healthy pregnant women (HC). Nineteen of the SLE women were also sampled late postpartum. LDG proportions and granulocyte activation (CD62L shedding) were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma IFNα protein concentrations were quantified by single molecule array (Simoa) immune assay. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Women with SLE had higher LDG proportions and increased IFNα protein levels compared to HC throughout pregnancy, but neither LDG fractions nor IFNα levels differed during pregnancy compared to postpartum in SLE. Granulocyte activation status was higher in SLE relative to HC pregnancies, and it was increased during pregnancy compared to after pregnancy in SLE. Higher LDG proportions in SLE were associated with antiphospholipid positivity but not to IFNα protein levels. Finally, higher LDG proportions in trimester three correlated independently with lower gestational age at birth in SLE. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SLE pregnancy results in increased peripheral granulocyte priming, and that higher LDG proportions late in pregnancy are related to shorter pregnancy duration but not to IFNα blood levels in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Torell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden.
| | - Marit Stockfelt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
- Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Larsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Winsconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muna Saleh
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helena Strevens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Estelle Trysberg
- Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Majcuk Sennström
- Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Division for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Zickert
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
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10
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van Nieuwland M, Esen I, Reitsema RD, Abdulahad WH, van Sleen Y, Jiemy WF, Sandovici M, Brouwer E, van Bon L. Evidence for increased interferon type I activity in CD8+ T cells in giant cell arteritis patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197293. [PMID: 37398666 PMCID: PMC10312374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis of the medium- and large-sized arteries. Interferon type I (IFN-I) is increasingly recognized as a key player in autoimmune diseases and might be involved in GCA pathogenesis, however evidence is limited. IFN-I activates Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways, leading to increased expression of interferon stimulated genes. In this study, IFN-I activity in GCA is explored, focusing on CD8+ T cells. Methods Expression of phospho-STAT (pSTAT) 1, 3 and 5 was investigated in IFN-α-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) gated separately for CD8+ T cells of patients with GCA (n=18), healthy controls (HC, n=15) and infection controls (n=11) by Phosphoflow method combined with fluorescent cell barcoding technique. Furthermore, IFN-I induced myxovirus-resistance protein A (MxA) and CD8+ T cell expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in temporal artery biopsies (TAB) of GCA patients (n=20) and mimics (n=20), and in aorta tissue of GCA (n=8) and atherosclerosis patients (n=14). Results pSTAT1 expression was increased in IFN-α stimulated CD8+ T cells from GCA patients, whereas no difference was observed in pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 expression. MxA was present in TABs of 13/20 GCA patients compared to 2/20 mimics and in 8/8 GCA+ compared to 13/14 GCA- aorta tissues. MxA location partially co-localized with CD8+T cells. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for increased IFN-I activity in CD8+ T cells of GCA patients, both systemically and locally. These findings warrant further investigation regarding IFN-I induced biomarkers and IFN-I related novel therapeutic options in GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van Nieuwland
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Group Twente (Ziekenhuisgroep Twente), Almelo, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Idil Esen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rosanne D. Reitsema
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Wayel H. Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yannick van Sleen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - William F. Jiemy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lenny van Bon
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Group Twente (Ziekenhuisgroep Twente), Almelo, Netherlands
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11
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Burska A, Conaghan PG, Dik WA, Biesen R, Eloranta ML, Cavalli G, Visser M, Boumpas DT, Bertsias G, Wahren-Herlenius M, Rehwinkel J, Frémond ML, Crow MK, Rönnblom L, Versnel MA, Vital EM. 2022 EULAR points to consider for the measurement, reporting and application of IFN-I pathway activation assays in clinical research and practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:754-762. [PMID: 36858821 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN-Is) play a role in a broad range of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), and compelling evidence suggests that their measurement could have clinical value, although testing has not progressed into clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To develop evidence-based points to consider (PtC) for the measurement and reporting of IFN-I assays in clinical research and to determine their potential clinical utility. METHODS EULAR standardised operating procedures were followed. A task force including rheumatologists, immunologists, translational scientists and a patient partner was formed. Two systematic reviews were conducted to address methodological and clinical questions. PtC were formulated based on the retrieved evidence and expert opinion. Level of evidence and agreement was determined. RESULTS Two overarching principles and 11 PtC were defined. The first set (PtC 1-4) concerned terminology, assay characteristics and reporting practices to enable more consistent reporting and facilitate translation and collaborations. The second set (PtC 5-11) addressed clinical applications for diagnosis and outcome assessments, including disease activity, prognosis and prediction of treatment response. The mean level of agreement was generally high, mainly in the first PtC set and for clinical applications in systemic lupus erythematosus. Harmonisation of assay methodology and clinical validation were key points for the research agenda. CONCLUSIONS IFN-I assays have a high potential for implementation in the clinical management of RMDs. Uptake of these PtC will facilitate the progress of IFN-I assays into clinical practice and may be also of interest beyond rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
| | - Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Willem A Dik
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Biesen
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianne Visser
- EULAR PARE Patient Research Partner, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Medicine, University of Crete, Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Bertsias
- University of Crete, Medical School, Department of Rheumatology-Clinical Immunology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Immuno-Hématologie et Rhumatologie pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | - Mary K Crow
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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12
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Burska A, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Biesen R, Dik WA, Eloranta ML, Cavalli G, Visser M, Boumpas DT, Bertsias G, Wahren-Herlenius M, Rehwinkel J, Frémond ML, Crow MK, Ronnblom L, Conaghan PG, Versnel M, Vital E. Type I interferon pathway assays in studies of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic literature review informing EULAR points to consider. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002876. [PMID: 36863752 PMCID: PMC9990675 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature for assay methods that aim to evaluate type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway activation and to harmonise-related terminology. METHODS Three databases were searched for reports of IFN-I and rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases. Information about the performance metrics of assays measuring IFN-I and measures of truth were extracted and summarised. A EULAR task force panel assessed feasibility and developed consensus terminology. RESULTS Of 10 037 abstracts, 276 fulfilled eligibility criteria for data extraction. Some reported more than one technique to measure IFN-I pathway activation. Hence, 276 papers generated data on 412 methods. IFN-I pathway activation was measured using: qPCR (n=121), immunoassays (n=101), microarray (n=69), reporter cell assay (n=38), DNA methylation (n=14), flow cytometry (n=14), cytopathic effect assay (n=11), RNA sequencing (n=9), plaque reduction assay (n=8), Nanostring (n=5), bisulphite sequencing (n=3). Principles of each assay are summarised for content validity. Concurrent validity (correlation with other IFN assays) was presented for n=150/412 assays. Reliability data were variable and provided for 13 assays. Gene expression and immunoassays were considered most feasible. Consensus terminology to define different aspects of IFN-I research and practice was produced. CONCLUSIONS Diverse methods have been reported as IFN-I assays and these differ in what elements or aspects of IFN-I pathway activation they measure and how. No 'gold standard' represents the entirety of the IFN pathway, some may not be specific for IFN-I. Data on reliability or comparing assays were limited, and feasibility is a challenge for many assays. Consensus terminology should improve consistency of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- University of Oviedo, Area of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Robert Biesen
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Willem A Dik
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, Netherlands Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- EULAR, PARE Patient Research Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Visser
- University of Crete, Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- University of Crete, Medical School, Department of Rheumatology-Clinical Immunology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Bertsias
- University of Crete, Medical School, Department of Rheumatology-Clinical Immunology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Immuno-Hématologie et Rhumatologie pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | - Mary K Crow
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, New York, USA
| | - Lars Ronnblom
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Marjan Versnel
- Erasmus MC, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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13
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Burska A, Conaghan PG, Dik WA, Biesen R, Eloranta ML, Cavalli G, Visser M, Boumpas DT, Bertsias G, Wahren-Herlenius M, Rehwinkel J, Frémond ML, Crow MK, Ronnblom L, Vital E, Versnel M. Association between type I interferon pathway activation and clinical outcomes in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic literature review informing EULAR points to consider. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002864. [PMID: 36882218 PMCID: PMC10008483 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of IFN-I pathway activation may have clinical value. Although several IFN-I pathway assays have been proposed, the exact clinical applications are unclear. We summarise the evidence on the potential clinical utility of assays measuring IFN-I pathway activation. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted across three databases to evaluate the use of IFN-I assays in diagnosis and monitor disease activity, prognosis, response to treatment and responsiveness to change in several RMDs. RESULTS Of 366 screened, 276 studies were selected that reported the use of assays reflecting IFN-I pathway activation for disease diagnosis (n=188), assessment of disease activity (n=122), prognosis (n=20), response to treatment (n=23) and assay responsiveness (n=59). Immunoassays, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarrays were reported most frequently, while systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, systemic sclerosis and primary Sjögren's syndrome were the most studied RMDs. The literature demonstrated significant heterogeneity in techniques, analytical conditions, risk of bias and application in diseases. Inadequate study designs and technical heterogeneity were the main limitations. IFN-I pathway activation was associated with disease activity and flare occurrence in SLE, but their incremental value was uncertain. IFN-I pathway activation may predict response to IFN-I targeting therapies and may predict response to different treatments. CONCLUSIONS Evidence indicates potential clinical value of assays measuring IFN-I pathway activation in several RMDs, but assay harmonisation and clinical validation are urged. This review informs the EULAR points to consider for the measurement and reporting of IFN-I pathway assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
| | - Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - P G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianne Visser
- EULAR, PARE Patient Research Partners, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Bertsias
- Department of Rheumatology-Clinical Immunology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Immuno-Hématologie et Rhumatologie pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | - Mary K Crow
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, New York, USA
| | - Lars Ronnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ed Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Marjan Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Liu S, Yang Y, Zeng L, Wang L, He C, Chen Z, Sun J, Lyu T, Wang M, Chen H, Zhang F. TOX promotes follicular helper T cell differentiation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:946-957. [PMID: 35713502 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether naive CD4+ T cells are dysregulated and associated with the overactivation of CD4+ T cells in primary SS (pSS) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of naive CD4+ T cells in pSS. METHODS We examined the activation, proliferation and differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells from pSS patients and healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA sequencing, and were overexpressed or silenced to determine the gene regulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) with chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to explore the epigenetic mechanism. Naive CD4+ T cells were treated with pSS-related cytokines to explore the upstream signalling pathway. RESULTS pSS naive CD4+ T cells had higher potentials of activation, proliferation and differentiation towards Tfh cells. Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) was upregulated in pSS naive CD4+ T cells and promoted T cell activation and Tfh cell polarization. TOX silencing in pSS naive CD4+ T cells downregulated B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) expression and altered levels of multiple Tfh-associated genes. ChIP-seq analysis implied that TOX bound to the BCL6 locus, where there were accessible regions found by ATAC-seq. IFN-α induced TOX overexpression, which was attenuated by Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TOX in pSS naive CD4+ T cells is upregulated, which facilitates Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, IFN-α induces TOX overexpression in naive CD4+ T cells through JAK-STAT1 signalling and TOX regulates BCL6 expression. Therefore, IFN-α-JAK-STAT1 signalling and TOX might be potential therapeutic targets in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Zhilei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Jinlei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Taibiao Lyu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
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15
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Sequí-Sabater JM, Beretta L. Defining the Role of Monocytes in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112765. [PMID: 36361554 PMCID: PMC9654893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases after rheumatoid arthritis, with a preference for middle age, and is characterised by exocrine glandular involvement leading to xerostomia and xerophthalmia. It can have systemic implications with vascular, neurological, renal, and pulmonary involvement, and in some cases, it may evolve to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. For a long time, B- and T-lymphocytes have been the focus of research and have been considered key players in Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis and evolution. With the development of new technologies, including omics, more insights have been found on the different signalling pathways that lead to inflammation and activation of the immune system. New evidence indicates that a third actor linking innate and adaptive immunity plays a leading role in the Sjögren's syndrome play: the monocyte. This review summarises the recent insights from transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic studies that help us to understand more about the Sjögren's syndrome pathophysiology and redefine the involvement of monocytes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Sequí-Sabater
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Menéndez Pidal Ave., 14005 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Menéndez Pidal Ave., 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Francesco Sforza St. 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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The inflammatory signature in monocytes of Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, revealed by the integrated Reactome and drug target analysis. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1215-1229. [PMID: 36040684 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune regulation, especially by the type I IFN signature in the CD14+ monocytes, is known to be critical in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). OBJECTIVE Since patients with one condition can be overlapped with another, this study is to identify shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SjS and SLE compared to healthy controls (HCs) and refine transcriptomic profiles with the integrated Reactome and gene-drug network analysis for an anti-inflammation therapy. METHODS CD14+ monocytes were purified from whole blood of SjS and SLE patients (females, ages from 32 to 62) and subject to bulk RNA-sequencing, followed by data analyses for comparison with HC monocytes (females, ages 30 and 33). Functional categorizations, using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Reactome pathway analysis, were performed and DEGs associated with therapeutic drugs were identified from the Drug Repurposing Hub (DHUB) database. RESULTS The GO analysis revealed that DEGs in the inflammatory response and the cellular response to cytokine were highly enriched in both conditions. A propensity toward M1 macrophage differentiation appears to be prominent in SjS while the Response to Virus was significant in SLE monocytes. Through the Reactome pathway analysis, DEGs in the IFN signaling and the cytokine signaling in immune system were most significantly enriched in both. Upregulation of NGF-induced transcription activity in SjS and the complement cascade activity in SLE were also noted. Multiple anti-inflammatory drugs, such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase and angiotensin-I-converting- enzyme were associated with the DEGs in these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our analysis indicates distinct inflammatory transcriptomic profiles shared in SjS and SLE monocytes. Comprehensive characterizations of the data from these conditions will ultimately allow differential diagnosis of each condition and identification of therapeutic targets.
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17
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Tong-Minh K, van Hooijdonk S, Versnel MA, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, van Hagen PM, van Gorp ECM, Endeman H, van der Does Y, Dalm VASH, Dik WA. Blood myxovirus resistance protein-1 measurement in the diagnostic work-up of suspected COVID-19 infection in the emergency department. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e609. [PMID: 35349755 PMCID: PMC8962640 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) is a biomarker that is elevated in patients with viral infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MxA in diagnosing COVID-19 infections in the emergency department (ED) patients. METHODS This was a single-center prospective observational cohort study including patients with a suspected COVID-19 infection. The primary outcome of this study was a confirmed COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR test. MxA was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay on whole blood and receiver operating chart and area under the curve (AUC) analysis was conducted. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of MxA on diagnosing COVID-19 at the optimal cut-off of MxA was determined. RESULTS In 2021, 100 patients were included. Of these patients, 77 patients had COVID-19 infection and 23 were non-COVID-19. Median MxA level was significantly higher (p < .001) in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients, respectively 1933 and 0.1 ng/ml. The AUC of MxA on a confirmed COVID-19 infection was 0.941 (95% CI: 0.867-1.000). The optimal cut-off point of MxA was 252 ng/ml. At this cut-off point, the sensitivity of MxA on a confirmed COVID-19 infection was 94% (95% CI: 85%-98%) and the specificity was 91% (95% CI: 72%-99%). CONCLUSION MxA accurately distinguishes COVID-19 infections from bacterial infections and noninfectious diagnoses in the ED in patients with a suspected COVID-19 infection. If the results can be validated, MxA could improve the diagnostic workup and patient flow in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby Tong-Minh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha van Hooijdonk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petrus Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric C M van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Endeman
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri van der Does
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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He Y, Chen R, Zhang M, Wang B, Liao Z, Shi G, Li Y. Abnormal Changes of Monocyte Subsets in Patients With Sjögren’s Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864920. [PMID: 35309355 PMCID: PMC8931697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have proven the existence of distinct monocyte subsets, which play a significant role in the development of some rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was performed to define the changes of monocyte subsets in patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome (SjS). Methods Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of monocytes from SjS patients and controls were analyzed. The transcriptomic changes in monocyte subsets between SjS and controls were identified and potential key functional pathways involved in SjS development were also explored. Results A total of 11 monocyte subsets were identified in the scRNA-seq analyses of monocytes. A new monocyte subset characterized by higher expression of VNN2 (GPI-80) and S100A12 (Monocyte cluster 3) was identified, and it was increased in SjS patients. Compared with controls, almost all monocyte subsets from SjS patients had increased expression of TNFSF10 (TRAIL). Moreover, interferon (IFN)-related and neutrophil activation-associated pathways were main up-regulated pathways in the monocytes of SjS patients. Conclusion This study uncovered the abnormal changes in monocyte subsets and their transcriptomic changes in SjS patients, and identified TNFSF10 high/+ monocytes as a potential key player in SjS pathogenesis and a promising target for SjS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongjuan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangdi Liao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Guixiu Shi, ; Yan Li,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Guixiu Shi, ; Yan Li,
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19
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Cooles FAH, Isaacs JD. The interferon gene signature as a clinically relevant biomarker in autoimmune rheumatic disease. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 4:e61-e72. [PMID: 38288732 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interferon gene signature (IGS) is derived from the expression of interferon-regulated genes and is classically increased in response to type I interferon exposure. A raised whole blood IGS has increasingly been reported in rheumatic diseases as sequencing technology has advanced. Although its role remains unclear, we explore how a raised IGS can function as a clinically relevant biomarker, independent of whether it is a bystander effect or a key pathological process. For example, a raised IGS can act as a diagnostic biomarker when predicting rheumatoid arthritis in patients with arthralgia and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, or predicting systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) in those with antinuclear antibodies; a theragnostic biomarker when predicting response for patients receiving disease modifying therapy, such as rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis; a biomarker of disease activity (early rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, SLE); or finally a predictor of clinical characteristics, such as lupus nephritis in SLE or disease burden in primary Sjögren's syndrome. A high IGS does not uniformly predict worse clinical phenotypes across all diseases, as demonstrated by a reduced disease burden in primary Sjögren's syndrome, nor does it predict a universally poorer response to all therapies, as shown in rheumatoid arthritis. This dichotomy highlights both the complexity of type I interferon signalling in vivo and the current lack of standardisation when calculating the IGS. The IGS as a biomarker warrants further exploration, with beneficial clinical applications anticipated in multiple rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye A H Cooles
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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20
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Elevated blood MxA protein levels in children with newly diagnosed B-ALL: A prospective case-control study. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1033655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Ivaska L, Niemelä J, Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, Putkuri N, Vuopio J, Vuorinen T, Waris M, Rantakokko-Jalava K, Peltola V. Detection of group A streptococcus in children with confirmed viral pharyngitis and antiviral host response. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:4059-4065. [PMID: 36163516 PMCID: PMC9512968 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our aim was to study the detection of group A streptococcus (GAS) with different diagnostic methods in paediatric pharyngitis patients with and without a confirmed viral infection. In this prospective observational study, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from children (age 1-16 years) presenting to the emergency department with febrile pharyngitis. A confirmed viral infection was defined as a positive virus diagnostic test (nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT] and/or serology) together with an antiviral immune response of the host demonstrated by elevated (≥ 175 µg/L) myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) blood concentration. Testing for GAS was performed by a throat culture, by 2 rapid antigen detection tests (StrepTop and mariPOC) and by 2 NAATs (Simplexa and Illumigene). Altogether, 83 children were recruited of whom 48 had samples available for GAS testing. Confirmed viral infection was diagnosed in 30/48 (63%) children with febrile pharyngitis. Enteroviruses 11/30 (37%), adenoviruses 9/30 (30%) and rhinoviruses 9/30 (30%) were the most common viruses detected. GAS was detected by throat culture in 5/30 (17%) with and in 6/18 (33%) patients without a confirmed viral infection. Respectively, GAS was detected in 4/30 (13%) and 6/18 (33%) by StrepTop, 13/30 (43%) and 10/18 (56%) by mariPOC, 6/30 (20%) and 9/18 (50%) by Simplexa, and 5/30 (17%) and 6/18 (30%) patients by Illumigene. CONCLUSION GAS was frequently detected also in paediatric pharyngitis patients with a confirmed viral infection. The presence of antiviral host response and increased GAS detection by sensitive methods suggest incidental throat carriage of GAS in viral pharyngitis. WHAT IS KNOWN •The frequency and significance of GAS-virus co-detection are poorly characterised in children with pharyngitis. •Detection of a virus and the antiviral host response likely indicates symptomatic infection. WHAT IS NEW •Group A streptococcus (GAS) was detected in 17-43% of the children with confirmed viral pharyngitis depending on the GAS diagnostic method. •Our results emphasize the risk of detecting and treating incidental pharyngeal carriage of GAS in children with viral pharyngitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Ivaska
- Departments of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Emergency Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jussi Niemelä
- grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartments of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XEmergency Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Putkuri
- grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,grid.452433.70000 0000 9387 9501Finnish Red Cross, Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Vuopio
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Waris
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisu Rantakokko-Jalava
- grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartments of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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22
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Shen L, Lan L, Zhu T, Chen H, Gu H, Wang C, Chen Y, Wang M, Tu H, Enghard P, Jiang H, Chen J. Identification and Validation of IFI44 as Key Biomarker in Lupus Nephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:762848. [PMID: 34760904 PMCID: PMC8574154 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.762848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is a major cause of SLE related deaths. Early diagnosis is essential to improve the prognosis of patients with LN. To screen the potential biomarkers associated with LN, we downloaded the gene expression profile of GSE99967 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to construct a gene co-expression network and identify gene modules associated with LN. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was also applied to explore the biological function of genes and identify the key module. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) values were calculated to screen hub genes. Furthermore, we selected promising biomarkers for real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation in independent cohorts. Our results indicated that five hub genes, including IFI44, IFIT3, HERC5, RSAD2, and DDX60 play vital roles in the pathogenesis of LN. Importantly, IFI44 may considered as a key biomarker in LN for its diagnostic capabilities, which is also a promising therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Madany E, Lee J, Halprin C, Seo J, Baca N, Majlessipour F, Hendrickson JE, Pepkowitz SH, Hayes C, Klapper E, Gibb DR. Altered type 1 interferon responses in alloimmunized and nonalloimmunized patients with sickle cell disease. EJHAEM 2021; 2:700-710. [PMID: 35128535 PMCID: PMC8813163 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a high prevalence of RBC alloimmunization. However, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Given that proinflammatory type 1 interferons (IFNα/β) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) promote alloimmunization in mice, we hypothesized that IFNα/β may contribute to the increased frequency of alloimmunization in patients with SCD. To investigate this, expression of ISGs in blood leukocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of previously transfused SCD patients with or without alloimmunization and race-matched healthy controls were quantified, and IFNα/β gene scores were calculated. IFNα/β gene scores of SCD leukocytes and plasma cytokines were elevated, compared to controls (gene score, p < 0.01). Upon stimulation with IFNβ, isolated PBMCs from patients with SCD had elevated ISGs and IFNα/β gene scores (p < 0.05), compared to stimulated PBMCs from controls. However, IFNβ-stimulated and unstimulated ISG expression did not significantly differ between alloimmunized and non-alloimmunized patients. These findings indicate that patients with SCD express an IFNα/β gene signature, and larger studies are needed to fully determine its role in alloimmunization. Further, illustration of altered IFNα/β responses in SCD has potential implications for IFNα/β-mediated viral immunity, responses to IFNα/β-based therapies, and other sequelae of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaan Madany
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - June Lee
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chelsea Halprin
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jina Seo
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Nicole Baca
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Fataneh Majlessipour
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Samuel H Pepkowitz
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chelsea Hayes
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ellen Klapper
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David R Gibb
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
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24
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Huijser E, Göpfert J, Brkic Z, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Jansen S, Mandl T, Olsson P, Schrijver B, Schreurs MWJ, van Daele PLA, Dik WA, Versnel MA. Serum IFNα2 measured by single-molecule array associates with systemic disease manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2156-2166. [PMID: 34505866 PMCID: PMC9071525 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type I IFN (IFN-I) activation is a prominent feature of primary SS (pSS), SLE and SSc. Ultrasensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) technology has facilitated the measurement of subfemtomolar concentrations of IFNs. Here we aimed to measure IFN-α2 in serum from pSS, SLE and SSc using a Simoa immunoassay and correlate these levels to blood IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression and disease activity. Methods Serum IFN-α2 was measured in patients with pSS (n = 85 and n = 110), SLE (n = 24) and SSc (n = 23) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 68) using an IFN-α Simoa assay on an HD-X analyser. IFN-I pathway activation was additionally determined from serum by an IFN-I reporter assay and paired samples of whole blood ISG expression of IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, IFIT3 and MxA by RT-PCR or myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) protein ELISA. Results Serum IFN-α2 levels were elevated in pSS (median 61.3 fg/ml) compared with HCs (median ≤5 fg/ml, P < 0.001) and SSc (median 11.6 fg/ml, P = 0.043), lower compared with SLE (median 313.5 fg/ml, P = 0.068) and positively correlated with blood ISG expression (r = 0.66–0.94, P < 0.001). Comparable to MxA ELISA [area under the curve (AUC) 0.93], IFN-α2 measurement using Simoa identified pSS with high ISG expression (AUC 0.90) with 80–93% specificity and 71–84% sensitivity. Blinded validation in an independent pSS cohort yielded a comparable accuracy. Multiple regression indicated independent associations of autoantibodies, IgG, HCQ treatment, cutaneous disease and a history of extraglandular manifestations with serum IFN-α2 concentrations in pSS. Conclusion Simoa serum IFN-α2 reflects blood ISG expression in pSS, SLE and SSc. In light of IFN-targeting treatments, Simoa could potentially be applied for patient stratification or retrospective analysis of historical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Huijser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Göpfert
- Department of Applied Biomarkers and Immunoassays, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Zana Brkic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne Jansen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Schrijver
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Madany E, Okwan-Duodu D, Balbuena-Merle R, Hendrickson JE, Gibb DR. Potential Implications of a Type 1 Interferon Gene Signature on COVID-19 Severity and Chronic Inflammation in Sickle Cell Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:679030. [PMID: 34368185 PMCID: PMC8339405 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.679030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At the onset of the corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, there were concerns that patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) might be especially vulnerable to severe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. While two reports support this conclusion, multiple studies have reported unexpectedly favorable outcomes in patients with SCD. However, mechanisms explaining these disparate conclusions are lacking. Here, we review recent studies indicating that the majority of patients with SCD express elevated levels of anti-viral type 1 interferons (IFNα/β) and interferon stimulated genes, independent of COVID-19, during their baseline state of health. We also present our data from the pre-COVID-19 era, illustrating elevated expression of a well-characterized interferon stimulated gene in a cohort of patients with SCD, compared to race-matched controls. These type 1 interferons and interferon stimulated genes have the potential to contribute to the variable progression of COVID-19 and other viral infections in patients with SCD. While the majority of evidence supports a protective role, the role of IFNα/β in COVID-19 severity in the general population remains an area of current investigation. We conclude that type 1 interferon responses in patients with SCD may contribute to the variable COVID-19 responses reported in prior studies. Additional studies investigating the mechanisms underlying IFNα/β production and other clinical consequences of IFNα/β-mediated inflammation in SCD disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaan Madany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raisa Balbuena-Merle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David R Gibb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Chen X, Cheng Q, Du Y, Liu L, Wu H. Differential long non-coding RNA expression profile and function analysis in primary Sjogren's syndrome. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 34284720 PMCID: PMC8293522 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal immune cell activation. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with pSS to identify lncRNAs that affect pSS pathogenesis. METHODS Total RNA was extrated from PBMCs of 30 patients with pSS and 15 healthy persons. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in 8 RNA samples from the discovery cohort. The differentially expressed mRNAs underwent functional enrichment analysis. A protein interaction relationship (PPI) and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. Real-time PCR was used to validate screened lncRNAs in all 45 RNA samples.. RESULTS 1180 lncRNAs and 640 mRNAs were differentially expressed in pSS patients (fold change > 2 in healthy persons). The PPI network was constructed with 640 mRNAs and a ceRNA network with four key lncRNAs (GABPB1-AS1, PSMA3-AS1, LINC00847 and SNHG1). Real-time PCR revealed that GABPB1-AS1 and PSMA3-AS1 were significantly up-regulated 3.0- and 1.4-fold in the pSS group, respectively. The GABPB1-AS1 expression level was positively correlated with the percentage of B cells and IgG levels. CONCLUSIONS GABPB1-AS1 was significently up-regulated in pSS patients, and its expression level is positively correlated with the percentage of B cells and IgG levels. GABPB1-AS1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of pSS and may be a promising biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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27
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Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Sandling JK, Norheim KB, Johnsen SJA, Omdal R, Syvänen AC, Svenungsson E, Rönnblom L, Eloranta ML, Nordmark G. DNA Methylation-Based Interferon Scores Associate With Sub-Phenotypes in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702037. [PMID: 34335613 PMCID: PMC8322981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with profound clinical heterogeneity, where excessive activation of the type I interferon (IFN) system is considered one of the key mechanisms in disease pathogenesis. Here we present a DNA methylation-based IFN system activation score (DNAm IFN score) and investigate its potential associations with sub-phenotypes of pSS. The study comprised 100 Swedish patients with pSS and 587 Swedish controls. For replication, 48 patients with pSS from Stavanger, Norway, were included. IFN scores were calculated from DNA methylation levels at the IFN-induced genes RSAD2, IFIT1 and IFI44L. A high DNAm IFN score, defined as > meancontrols +2SDcontrols (IFN score >4.4), was observed in 59% of pSS patients and in 4% of controls (p=1.3x10-35). Patients with a high DNAm IFN score were on average seven years younger at symptom onset (p=0.017) and at diagnosis (p=3x10-3). The DNAm IFN score levels were significantly higher in pSS positive for both SSA and SSB antibodies compared to SSA/SSB negative patients (pdiscovery=1.9x10-8, preplication=7.8x10-4). In patients positive for both SSA subtypes Ro52 and Ro60, an increased score was identified compared to single positive patients (p=0.022). Analyzing the discovery and replication cohorts together, elevated DNAm IFN scores were observed in pSS with hypergammaglobulinemia (p=2x10-8) and low C4 (p=1.5x10-3) compared to patients without these manifestations. Patients < 70 years with ongoing lymphoma at DNA sampling or lymphoma at follow-up (n=7), presented an increased DNAm IFN score compared to pSS without lymphoma (p=0.025). In conclusion, the DNAm-based IFN score is a promising alternative to mRNA-based scores for identification of patients with activation of the IFN system and may be applied for patient stratification guiding treatment decisions, monitoring and inclusion in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- Section of Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Johanna K Sandling
- Section of Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Svein Joar Auglænd Johnsen
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Section of Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Section of Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Section of Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Verstappen GM, Gao L, Pringle S, Haacke EA, van der Vegt B, Liefers SC, Patel V, Hu Y, Mukherjee S, Carman J, Menard LC, Spijkervet FKL, Vissink A, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM. The Transcriptome of Paired Major and Minor Salivary Gland Tissue in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681941. [PMID: 34295332 PMCID: PMC8291032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While all salivary glands (SGs) can be involved in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), their respective role in pathogenesis remains unclear. Our objective was to assess immunopathway activation in paired parotid and labial gland tissue from biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative pSS and non-SS sicca patients. Methods Paraffin-embedded, paired parotid and labial salivary gland tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 39 pSS and 20 non-SS sicca patients. RNA was extracted, complementary DNA libraries were prepared and sequenced. For analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), patients were subdivided based on fulfillment of ACR-EULAR criteria and histopathology. Results With principal component analysis, only biopsy-positive pSS could be separated from non-SS sicca patients based on SG gene expression. When comparing the transcriptome of biopsy-positive pSS and biopsy-negative non-SS sicca patients, 1235 and 624 DEGs (FDR<0.05, log2FC<-1 or >1) were identified for parotid and labial glands, respectively. The number of DEGs between biopsy-negative pSS and non-SS sicca patients was scarce. Overall, transcript expression levels correlated strongly between parotid and labial glands (R2 = 0.86, p-value<0.0001). Gene signatures present in both glands of biopsy-positive pSS patients included IFN-α signaling, IL-12/IL-18 signaling, CD3/CD28 T-cell activation, CD40 signaling in B-cells, DN2 B-cells, and FcRL4+ B-cells. Signature scores varied considerably amongst pSS patients. Conclusion Transcriptomes of paired major and minor SGs in pSS were overall comparable, although significant inter-individual heterogeneity in immunopathway activation existed. The SG transcriptome of biopsy-negative pSS was indistinguishable from non-SS sicca patients. Different patterns of SG immunopathway activation in pSS argue for personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lu Gao
- Immunology, Cardiovascular, Fibrosis Thematic Research Center, Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erlin A Haacke
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Silvia C Liefers
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vishal Patel
- Immunology, Cardiovascular, Fibrosis Thematic Research Center, Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Immunology, Cardiovascular, Fibrosis Thematic Research Center, Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Sumanta Mukherjee
- Immunology, Cardiovascular, Fibrosis Thematic Research Center, Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Julie Carman
- Immunology, Cardiovascular, Fibrosis Thematic Research Center, Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Laurence C Menard
- Immunology, Cardiovascular, Fibrosis Thematic Research Center, Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Frederik K L Spijkervet
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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29
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Type I interferon is induced by hemolysis and drives antibody-mediated erythrophagocytosis in sickle cell disease. Blood 2021; 138:1162-1171. [PMID: 34166491 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from intravascular hemolysis associated vascular injury and tissue damage. Classical monocytes (CMo), which are the most abundant of circulating monocytes, are activated in SCD, but the cause and consequences of activation remain incompletely understood. We found a positive correlation between total plasma heme levels and circulating IFN-α in patients with SCD along with upregulation of the type I Interferon (IFN-I) inducible genes in sort-purified SCD patients' CMo by transcriptome analysis. We demonstrated that hemolysis led to IFN-I expression, predominantly by mouse liver monocyte and macrophages (Mϕ), primarily through Tank kinase binding 1 (TBK1)/IκB kinase-ε (IKKε) but not TLR4. In response to hemolysis-induced IFN-I, mouse CMo migrated to the liver and differentiated into monocyte derived Mϕ, increasing their numbers by 6-fold with acute hemin treatment. Hemolysis-driven IFN-I activity also led to the induction of Fc receptor CD64 expression on monocyte and Mϕ populations, enhancing alloantibody-mediated erythrophagocytosis in SCD both in vivo in mice and in in vitro human cultures. Altogether, these data demonstrate IFN-I response to hemolysis as a novel activation pathway in monocytes and Mϕ in SCD, opening the possibility for development of IFN-I-based diagnostics and therapeutics against alloantibody-mediated erythrophagocytosis.
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30
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Soret P, Le Dantec C, Desvaux E, Foulquier N, Chassagnol B, Hubert S, Jamin C, Barturen G, Desachy G, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Boudjeniba C, Cornec D, Saraux A, Jousse-Joulin S, Barbarroja N, Rodríguez-Pintó I, De Langhe E, Beretta L, Chizzolini C, Kovács L, Witte T, Bettacchioli E, Buttgereit A, Makowska Z, Lesche R, Borghi MO, Martin J, Courtade-Gaiani S, Xuereb L, Guedj M, Moingeon P, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Laigle L, Pers JO. A new molecular classification to drive precision treatment strategies in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3523. [PMID: 34112769 PMCID: PMC8192578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently no approved treatment for primary Sjögren's syndrome, a disease that primarily affects adult women. The difficulty in developing effective therapies is -in part- because of the heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of the disease. Finding common molecular signatures among patient subgroups could improve our understanding of disease etiology, and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutics. Here, we report, in a cross-sectional cohort, a molecular classification scheme for Sjögren's syndrome patients based on the multi-omic profiling of whole blood samples from a European cohort of over 300 patients, and a similar number of age and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Using transcriptomic, genomic, epigenetic, cytokine expression and flow cytometry data, combined with clinical parameters, we identify four groups of patients with distinct patterns of immune dysregulation. The biomarkers we identify can be used by machine learning classifiers to sort future patients into subgroups, allowing the re-evaluation of response to treatments in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Soret
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Emiko Desvaux
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | | | - Bastien Chassagnol
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Sandra Hubert
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Guillaume Desachy
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Cheïma Boudjeniba
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Alain Saraux
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignasi Rodríguez-Pintó
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven and Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Scleroderma Unit, Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Immunology & Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Torsten Witte
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anne Buttgereit
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Makowska
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Javier Martin
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Sophie Courtade-Gaiani
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Laura Xuereb
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Mickaël Guedj
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Laurence Laigle
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Departments of Translational Medicine and Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases Research and Development, Suresnes, France
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Jara D, Carvajal P, Castro I, Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, González S, Molina C, Hermoso M, González MJ. Type I Interferon Dependent hsa-miR-145-5p Downregulation Modulates MUC1 and TLR4 Overexpression in Salivary Glands From Sjögren's Syndrome Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685837. [PMID: 34149728 PMCID: PMC8208490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects salivary glands (SG) and is characterized by overactivation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. Type I IFNs can decrease the levels of hsa-miR-145-5p, a miRNA with anti-inflammatory roles that is downregulated in SG from SS-patients. Two relevant targets of hsa-miR-145-5p, mucin 1 (MUC1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are overexpressed in SS-patients and contribute to SG inflammation and dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate if hsa-miR-145-5p modulates MUC1 and TLR4 overexpression in SG from SS-patients in a type I IFN dependent manner. Labial SG (LSG) biopsies from 9 SS-patients and 6 controls were analyzed. We determined hsa-miR-145-5p levels by TaqMan assays and the mRNA levels of MUC1, TLR4, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-stimulated genes (MX1, IFIT1, IFI44, and IFI44L) by real time-PCR. We also performed in vitro assays using type I IFNs and chemically synthesized hsa-miR-145-5p mimics and inhibitors. We validated the decreased hsa-miR-145-5p levels in LSG from SS-patients, which inversely correlated with the type I IFN score, mRNA levels of IFN-β, MUC1, TLR4, and clinical parameters of SS-patients (Ro/La autoantibodies and focus score). IFN-α or IFN-β stimulation downregulated hsa-miR-145-5p and increased MUC1 and TLR4 mRNA levels. Hsa-miR-145-5p overexpression decreased MUC1 and TLR4 mRNA levels, while transfection with a hsa-miR-145-5p inhibitor increased mRNA levels. Our findings show that type I IFNs decrease hsa-miR-145-5p expression leading to upregulation of MUC1 and TLR4. Together, this suggests that type I interferon-dependent hsa-miR-145-5p downregulation contributes to the perpetuation of inflammation in LSG from SS-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jara
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Haque M, Siegel RJ, Fox DA, Ahmed S. Interferon-stimulated GTPases in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: promising role for the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:494-506. [PMID: 33159795 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human IFNs are secreted cytokines shown to stimulate the expression of over one thousand genes. These IFN-inducible genes primarily encode four major protein families, known as IFN-stimulated GTPases (ISGs), namely myxovirus-resistance proteins, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), p47 immunity-related GTPases and very large inducible guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases). These families respond specifically to type I or II IFNs and are well reported in coordinating immunity against some well known as well as newly discovered viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. A growing body of evidence highlights the potential contributory and regulatory roles of ISGs in dysregulated inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Our focus was to draw attention to studies that demonstrate increased expression of ISGs in the serum and affected tissues of patients with RA, SS, lupus, IBD and psoriasis. In this review, we analysed emerging literature describing the potential roles of ISGs, particularly the GBP family, in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlighted the promise and implications for therapeutically targeting IFNs and GBPs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ruby J Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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33
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Björk A, Richardsdotter Andersson E, Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Thorlacius GE, Mofors J, Syvänen AC, Kvarnström M, Nordmark G, Wahren-Herlenius M. Protein and DNA methylation-based scores as surrogate markers for interferon system activation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. RMD Open 2021; 6:rmdopen-2019-000995. [PMID: 31958277 PMCID: PMC7046975 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standard assessment of interferon (IFN) system activity in systemic rheumatic diseases depends on the availability of RNA samples. In this study, we describe and evaluate alternative methods using plasma, serum and DNA samples, exemplified in the IFN-driven disease primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS Patients with pSS seropositive or negative for anti-SSA/SSB and controls were included. Protein-based IFN (pIFN) scores were calculated from levels of PD-1, CXCL9 and CXCL10. DNA methylation-based (DNAm) IFN scores were calculated from DNAm levels at RSAD2, IFIT1 and IFI44L . Scores were compared with mRNA-based IFN scores measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), Nanostring or RNA sequencing (RNAseq). RESULTS mRNA-based IFN scores displayed strong correlations between B cells and monocytes (r=0.93 and 0.95, p<0.0001) and between qPCR and Nanostring measurements (r=0.92 and 0.92, p<0.0001). The pIFN score in plasma and serum was higher in patients compared with controls (p<0.0001) and correlated well with mRNA-based IFN scores (r=0.62-0.79, p<0.0001), as well as with each other (r=0.94, p<0.0001). Concordance of classification as 'high' or 'low' IFN signature between the pIFN score and mRNA-based IFN scores ranged from 79.5% to 88.6%, and the pIFN score was effective at classifying patients and controls (area under the curve, AUC=0.89-0.93, p<0.0001). The DNAm IFN score showed strong correlation to the RNAseq IFN score (r=0.84, p<0.0001) and performed well in classifying patients and controls (AUC=0.96, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We describe novel methods of assessing IFN system activity in plasma, serum or DNA samples, which may prove particularly valuable in studies where RNA samples are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Björk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gudny Ella Thorlacius
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Mofors
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Zeidi M, Chen KL, Patel B, Ravishankar A, Lim R, Werth VP. Increased MxA protein expression and dendritic cells in spongiotic dermatitis differentiates dermatomyositis from eczema in a single-center case-control study. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:364-373. [PMID: 32954523 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatomyositis (DM) is conventionally characterized by interface dermatitis (ID) on skin histopathology. A subset of DM patients has skin biopsies showing spongiotic dermatitis (SD), a histopathology more commonly seen in eczema. In this study, we aimed to (a) identify the percentage of clinically diagnosed DM patients with SD skin biopsies, (b) identify cytokine and cell markers that can help determine if a SD skin biopsy is consistent with DM. METHODS In this case-control study, biopsy specimens from ten DM patients with SD (DM-SD) were compared to specimens from ten healthy controls, ten patients with eczema, and 12 patients with DM with ID (DM-ID). Specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry for MxA, IFN-β, CD11c, and BDCA2. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test was used to compare protein expression between groups. RESULTS Eleven of 164 (6.7%) patients with a clinical diagnosis of DM at our tertiary care center were identified as having SD. MxA, IFN-β, CD11c, and BDCA2 protein expression was significantly higher in DM-SD compared to eczema and healthy controls. Expressions of MxA, IFN-β, and BDCA2 were not significantly different between DM-SD and DM-ID. CONCLUSION Increased MxA, IFN-β, CD11c, and BDCA2 protein expression may aid in distinguishing between DM-SD and eczema and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zeidi
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Basil Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adarsh Ravishankar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Björk A, Thorlacius GE, Mofors J, Richardsdotter Andersson E, Ivanchenko M, Tingström J, James T, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Jonsson R, Kvarnström M, Wahren-Herlenius M. Viral antigens elicit augmented immune responses in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1651-1661. [PMID: 31665501 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infections have been suggested in the pathogenesis of primary SS (pSS). Systematic studies of immune responses to microbial antigens in vivo may be performed during vaccination. In the present study, we therefore longitudinally followed patients with pSS and controls during split-virion influenza vaccination to identify pSS-specific cellular, transcriptomic and serological responses. METHODS Patients without treatment (pSSUntr, n = 17), on hydroxychloroquine-treatment (pSSHCQ, n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 16) were included. Antibody titres were determined by ELISA. Plasma proteins were measured by proximity extension assay. Monocyte gene expression was assessed by Nanostring. Routine laboratory tests were performed and clinical disease symptoms were registered by questionnaires. RESULTS pSSUntr developed higher vaccine-specific IgG titres compared with controls. Notably, anti-Ro52 autoantibody titres increased in pSSUntr but remained unchanged in pSSHCQ. No changes in disease symptoms including EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index score were registered. Twenty-four hours after vaccination, the leucocyte count in pSSUntr decreased, with a concomitant increase of CCL7 in plasma. Transcriptomic analysis in monocytes revealed differential vaccination-related expression of the NEMO/IKBKG gene, and its higher induced expression in pSSUntr associated with higher serological vaccine responses. Moreover, titres of vaccine-specific antibodies were associated with higher vaccination-induced NF-κB signalling and higher steady-state IFN signatures in monocytes, and with the levels of several plasma proteins with soluble PD-1 displaying the strongest association. CONCLUSION We observed augmented innate and adaptive immune responses in pSS following viral antigen exposure suggesting an underlying hyper-responsiveness to immune challenges, supporting a role for infections driving the immunopathology and acting as environmental risk factor for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Björk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tojo James
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rebecca J Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen.,Section for Infectious Diseases, Medical Department
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Henning S, Lambers WM, Doornbos-van der Meer B, Abdulahad WH, Kroese FGM, Bootsma H, Westra J, de Leeuw K. Proportions of B-cell subsets are altered in incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus and correlate with interferon score and IgG levels. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:2616-2624. [PMID: 32259240 PMCID: PMC7449809 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Incomplete SLE (iSLE) patients display symptoms typical for SLE but have insufficient criteria to fulfil the diagnosis. Biomarkers are needed to identify iSLE patients that will progress to SLE. IFN type I activation, B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and B-cell subset distortions play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether B-cell subsets are altered in iSLE patients, and whether these alterations correlate with IFN scores and BAFF levels. METHODS iSLE patients (n = 34), SLE patients (n = 41) with quiescent disease (SLEDAI ≤4) and healthy controls (n = 22) were included. Proportions of B-cell subsets were measured with flow cytometry, IFN scores with RT-PCR and BAFF levels with ELISA. RESULTS Proportions of age-associated B-cells were elevated in iSLE patients compared with healthy controls and correlated with IgG levels. In iSLE patients, IFN scores and BAFF levels were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Also, IFN scores correlated with proportions of switched memory B-cells, plasma cells and IgG levels, and correlated negatively with complement levels in iSLE patients. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, distortions in B-cell subsets were observed in iSLE patients and were correlated with IFN scores and IgG levels. Since these factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE, iSLE patients with these distortions, high IFN scores, and high levels of IgG and BAFF may be at risk for progression to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Henning
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske M Lambers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berber Doornbos-van der Meer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karina de Leeuw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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James JA, Guthridge JM, Chen H, Lu R, Bourn RL, Bean K, Munroe ME, Smith M, Chakravarty E, Baer AN, Noaiseh G, Parke A, Boyle K, Keyes-Elstein L, Coca A, Utset T, Genovese MC, Pascual V, Utz PJ, Holers VM, Deane KD, Sivils KL, Aberle T, Wallace DJ, McNamara J, Franchimont N, St Clair EW. Unique Sjögren's syndrome patient subsets defined by molecular features. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:860-868. [PMID: 31497844 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address heterogeneity complicating primary SS (pSS) clinical trials, research and care by characterizing and clustering patients by their molecular phenotypes. METHODS pSS patients met American-European Consensus Group classification criteria and had at least one systemic manifestation and stimulated salivary flow of ⩾0.1 ml/min. Correlated transcriptional modules were derived from gene expression microarray data from blood (n = 47 with appropriate samples). Patients were clustered based on this molecular information using an unbiased random forest modelling approach. In addition, multiplex, bead-based assays and ELISAs were used to assess 30 serum cytokines, chemokines and soluble receptors. Eleven autoantibodies, including anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB, were measured by Bio-Rad Bioplex 2200. RESULTS Transcriptional modules distinguished three clusters of pSS patients. Cluster 1 showed no significant elevation of IFN or inflammation modules. Cluster 2 showed strong IFN and inflammation modular network signatures, as well as high plasma protein levels of IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, BLyS (BAFF) and LIGHT. Cluster 3 samples exhibited moderately elevated IFN modules, but with suppressed inflammatory modules, increased IP-10/CXCL10 and B cell-attracting chemokine 1/CXCL13 and trends toward increased MIG/CXCL9, IL-1α, and IL-21. Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB were present in all three clusters. CONCLUSION Molecular profiles encompassing IFN, inflammation and other signatures can be used to separate patients with pSS into distinct clusters. In the future, such profiles may inform patient selection for clinical trials and guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine
| | - Hua Chen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rufei Lu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine
| | - Rebecka L Bourn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Krista Bean
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Melissa E Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Miles Smith
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eliza Chakravarty
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alan N Baer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ghaith Noaiseh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ann Parke
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Karen Boyle
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Andreea Coca
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tammy Utset
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark C Genovese
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,CO, USA
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,CO, USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Teresa Aberle
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Daniel J Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - James McNamara
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - E William St Clair
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Huijser E, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Groot N, Bodewes ILA, Wahadat MJ, Schreurs MWJ, van Daele PLA, Dalm VASH, van Laar JAM, van Hagen PM, Waris M, Kamphuis S, Versnel MA. MxA is a clinically applicable biomarker for type I interferon activation in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:1302-1303. [PMID: 30879072 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Huijser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Noortje Groot
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris L A Bodewes
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Javad Wahadat
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M van Laar
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Waris
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sylvia Kamphuis
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lambers WM, de Leeuw K, Doornbos-van der Meer B, Diercks GFH, Bootsma H, Westra J. Interferon score is increased in incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus and correlates with myxovirus-resistance protein A in blood and skin. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:260. [PMID: 31791398 PMCID: PMC6889676 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients with incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus (iSLE) have lupus features, but do not meet classification criteria for SLE. Type I interferons (IFN) are important early mediators in SLE, and IFN upregulation in incomplete SLE may be associated with progression to SLE. Since many patients present with skin symptoms, the aim of this study is to investigate IFN type I expression and IFN-related mediators in the blood and skin of iSLE patients. Methods Twenty-nine iSLE patients (ANA titer ≥ 1:80, symptoms < 5 years, ≥ 1 objectified clinical criterion), 39 SLE patients with quiescent disease (fulfilling ACR or SLICC criteria, SLEDAI ≤4), and 22 healthy controls were included. IFN signature was measured in whole blood, based on 12 IFN-related genes, using RT-PCR, and IFN-score was calculated. IFN-related mediators myxovirus-resistance protein A (MxA), IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) were measured using ELISA. IFN type I expression in the unaffected skin was analyzed by immunostaining with MxA. Results IFN-score was increased in 50% of iSLE patients and 46% of SLE patients and correlated positively with the number of autoantibodies, anti-SSA titer, ESR, and IgG and negatively with C4 in iSLE. Levels of MxA correlated strongly with IFN-score (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, MxA expression was found in 29% of unaffected skin biopsies of iSLE and 31% of SLE patients and also correlated with IFN-score (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001). Conclusions IFN-score was increased in half of the iSLE patients, and given the correlation with complement and autoantibody diversity, this suggests a higher risk for disease progression. MxA in the blood and unaffected skin correlated strongly with the IFN-score and is possibly an easily applicable marker for IFN upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske M Lambers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, AA21, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Karina de Leeuw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, AA21, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Berber Doornbos-van der Meer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, AA21, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles F H Diercks
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, AA21, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, AA21, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Invariant NKT Cells and Rheumatic Disease: Focus on Primary Sjogren Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215435. [PMID: 31683641 PMCID: PMC6862604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. Several factors contribute to pSS pathogenesis; in particular, innate immunity seems to play a key role in disease etiology. Invariant natural killer (NK) T cells (iNKT) are a T-cell subset able to recognize glycolipid antigens. Their function remains unclear, but studies have pointed out their ability to modulate the immune system through the promotion of specific cytokine milieu. In this review, we discussed the possible role of iNKT in pSS development, as well as their implications as future markers of disease activity.
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Affandi AJ, Carvalheiro T, Ottria A, Broen JCA, Bossini-Castillo L, Tieland RG, Bon LV, Chouri E, Rossato M, Mertens JS, Garcia S, Pandit A, de Kroon LMG, Christmann RB, Martin J, van Roon JAG, Radstake TRDJ, Marut W. Low RUNX3 expression alters dendritic cell function in patients with systemic sclerosis and contributes to enhanced fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1249-1259. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with unknown pathogenesis manifested by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis in skin and internal organs. Type I interferon signature found in SSc propelled us to study plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in this disease. We aimed to identify candidate pathways underlying pDC aberrancies in SSc and to validate its function on pDC biology.MethodsIn total, 1193 patients with SSc were compared with 1387 healthy donors and 8 patients with localised scleroderma. PCR-based transcription factor profiling and methylation status analyses, single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by sequencing and flow cytometry analysis were performed in pDCs isolated from the circulation of healthy controls or patients with SSc. pDCs were also cultured under hypoxia, inhibitors of methylation and hypoxia-inducible factors and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) levels were determined. To study Runx3 function, Itgax-Cre:Runx3f/f mice were used in in vitro functional assay and bleomycin-induced SSc skin inflammation and fibrosis model.ResultsHere, we show downregulation of transcription factor RUNX3 in SSc pDCs. A higher methylation status of the RUNX3 gene, which is associated with polymorphism rs6672420, correlates with lower RUNX3 expression and SSc susceptibility. Hypoxia is another factor that decreases RUNX3 level in pDC. Mouse pDCs deficient of Runx3 show enhanced maturation markers on CpG stimulation. In vivo, deletion of Runx3 in dendritic cell leads to spontaneous induction of skin fibrosis in untreated mice and increased severity of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis.ConclusionsWe show at least two pathways potentially causing low RUNX3 level in SSc pDCs, and we demonstrate the detrimental effect of loss of Runx3 in SSc model further underscoring the role of pDCs in this disease.
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Sjogren's Syndrome and TAM Receptors: A Possible Contribution to Disease Onset. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:4813795. [PMID: 31214622 PMCID: PMC6535826 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4813795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease featuring both organ-specific and systemic manifestations, the most frequent being dry mouth and dry eyes resulting from lymphocytic infiltration into the salivary and lacrimal glands. Like the related autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SS patients and mouse models display accumulation of apoptotic cells and a Type I interferon (IFN) signature. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) of the Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) family are present on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells and participate in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and inhibition of Type I IFN signaling. This review examines the relationship between TAM receptor dysfunction and SS and explores the potential contributions of TAM defects on macrophages to SS development.
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Lee J, Lee J, Baek S, Koh JH, Kim JW, Kim SY, Chung SH, Choi SS, Cho ML, Kwok SK, Ju JH, Park SH. Soluble siglec-5 is a novel salivary biomarker for primary Sjogren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2019; 100:114-119. [PMID: 30922727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, disease-specific biomarkers have not been included in the classification criteria for Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Based on a microarray of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), we aimed to investigate whether soluble sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec)-5 in saliva might be a biomarker for pSS. The concentration of siglec-5 in saliva and sera was determined by ELISA. Clinical parameters related with pSS were obtained from pSS registry and correlation with salivary siglec-5 level was evaluated. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut off value. A separate validation cohort consisted of subjects with suspicious pSS was evaluated to determine the performance. The level of salivary siglec-5 was significantly higher in pSS patients (n = 170) compared with HCs (n = 25), non SS sicca patients (n = 78) or patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 43) (1346.8 [202.8-4280.0] pg/mL, 6.08 [0-134.0] pg/mL, 195 [0-947.5] pg/mL, and 0 [0-238.7] pg/mL, median [interquartile range], P < 0.001). Salivary siglec-5 level negatively correlated with salivary flow rate (spearman's rho: -0.420, P < 0.001), and positively correlated with ocular surface score (rho: 0.331, P < 0.001) and serum immunoglobulin G level (rho = 0.202, P = 0.008). In ROC analysis, area under the curve was 0.774[0.724-0.826]. With a cut off value of 400 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity was 0.69 and 0.70 respectively. In validation cohort (45 pSS patients and 45 non SS sicca patients), sensitivity and specificity of siglec-5 was 64.4% and 77.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the level of soluble siglec-5 is significantly higher in the saliva from pSS patients, which reflects the severity of hyposalivation and ocular surface damage. This novel salivary biomarker may provide benefits for pSS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungYe Baek
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyang Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bodewes ILA, Björk A, Versnel MA, Wahren-Herlenius M. Innate immunity and interferons in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:2561-2573. [PMID: 30770713 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary SS (pSS) is a rheumatic disease characterized by an immune-mediated exocrinopathy, resulting in severe dryness of eyes and mouth. Systemic symptoms include fatigue and joint pain and a subset of patients develop more severe disease with multi-organ involvement. Accumulating evidence points to involvement of innate immunity and aberrant activity of the type I IFN system in both the initiation and propagation of this disease. Analysis of the activity of IFN-inducible genes has evidenced that more than half of pSS patients present with a so-called 'type I IFN signature'. In this review, we examine activation of the IFN system in pSS patients and how this may drive autoimmunity through various immune cells. We further discuss the clinical value of assessing IFN activity as a biomarker in pSS patients and review novel therapies targeting IFN signalling and their potential use in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albin Björk
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Aydemir YG, Kocakusak A. The evaluation of the Myxovirus Resistance 1 protein in serum and saliva to monitor disease activation in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e631. [PMID: 31241661 PMCID: PMC6558995 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSjS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes dry eye and mouth. No laboratory parameters to monitor the activation of this disease have been identified. Therefore, any possible relationships between salivary and blood myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) and pSjS must be prospectively studied. METHODS Thirty female patients with pSjS, 30 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and 28 healthy control women were enrolled in this investigation. Analyses of MX1 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La) tests by the strip immunoblot method, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) tests by immunofluorescence and the measurement of serum rheumatoid factor (RF), C3, C4, immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed. RESULTS The serum level of MX1 in patients without Raynaud phenomenon was higher than in those with Raynaud phenomenon (p:0.029, p<0.05, statistically significant). There was a statistically significant positive association between hemoglobin levels and MX1 serum levels. No statistically significant association was found among the other parameters. Low MX1 levels were shown to be associated with both a low disease activity score based on the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and hydroxychloroquine use in all patients. CONCLUSION MX1 levels have a considerable impact on the assessment of the disease activity in SjS. We believe that more-comprehensive studies should be performed on patients with pSjS who do not use hydroxychloroquine to prove this relationship and that MX1 levels should be used as a routine marker for the assessment of pSjS disease activity. Further studies are needed to create awareness of the role that MX1 has in the diagnosis of pSjS, which may help to uncover novel pathways for new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Kocakusak
- General Surgery Clinic, Health Ministry Haseki Teaching and Research State Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Cha S, Mona M, Lee KE, Kim DH, Han K. MicroRNAs in Autoimmune Sjögren's Syndrome. Genomics Inform 2018; 16:e19. [PMID: 30602080 PMCID: PMC6440664 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2018.16.4.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, have been implicated in various diseases and cellular functions as microregulators of gene expression. Although the history of miRNA investigation in autoimmune Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is fairly short, a substantial amount of data has already been accumulated. These findings clearly indicate potential clinical implications of miRNAs, such as autoantigen expression and autoantibody production, viral miRNAs regulating the calcium signaling pathway, and aberrant immune cell regulation and cytokine production. Research endeavors in the field are currently underway to select disease-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers by utilizing different types of tissues or biological specimens of SjS patients. Various techniques for miRNA analysis with different stringencies have been applied, with the most recent one being next-generation sequencing. This review compiles and highlights differentially-expressed miRNAs in various samples collected from SjS patients and their potential implications in the pathogenesis of SjS. To facilitate the development of miRNA-targeted personalized therapy in the future, we urge more follow-up studies that confirm these findings and elucidate the immunopathological roles of differentially-expressed miRNAs. Furthermore, improved diagnostic criteria for the disease itself will minimize sampling errors in patient recruitment, preventing the generation of inconsistent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mahmoud Mona
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Current and Emerging Evidence for Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Sjögren's Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1246818. [PMID: 30671484 PMCID: PMC6317121 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1246818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is well established in many autoimmune diseases, the role of TLR activation in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is poorly understood. Studies in mice and humans reveal that TLRs are potent mediators of inflammation in SS. TLRs are expressed and functional in salivary tissue, and TLRs in peripheral blood cells of SS patients are also upregulated and hyperresponsive to ligation. In this review, we will detail observations in mouse models regarding the importance of TLR activation in both local and systemic disease. We will then discuss studies in SS patients that provide evidence of the importance of TLR-mediated signaling in disease. While the ligands that activate TLRs in the context of SS are unknown, emerging data suggest that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may be significant drivers of the chronic and unremitting inflammation that is characteristic of SS. We will discuss putative DAMPs that may be of clinical significance in disease. Therapies that target TLR signaling cascades will likely reduce both exocrine-specific and systemic manifestations of SS.
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Applbaum E, Lichtbroun A. Novel Sjögren's autoantibodies found in fibromyalgia patients with sicca and/or xerostomia. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 18:199-202. [PMID: 30572137 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant proportion of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) complain of dry eyes and mouth. Many Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients also complain of FM symptoms, and there is literature that suggests that there is interplay between these two disorders. Recently, the presence of novel tissue specific autoantibodies (TSAs), SP-1, CA6, and PSP, has been observed in the early stages of SS. These early markers present themselves before the classic autoantibodies, such as SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, ANA, and RF. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the relationship between SS and FM by testing patients with FM who also complain of xerostomia and sicca symptoms, for SS- related biomarkers. METHODS A cohort of 185 patients who met both the 1990 and 2010 preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM and who admitted to symptoms of sicca and/or xerostomia were selected for this study. Serum from 151 study patients was sent to a tertiary lab, Immco Diagnostics, for testing of the classic autoantibodies (SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, ANA and RF) and TSAs (SP-1, CA6, PSP), while the rest (34 patients) were tested for TSAs only. RESULTS Of the 151 patients who were evaluated for both the early and classic SS markers, 49 (32%) tested positive for SS autoantibodies. Of those, 4 (3%) tested positive for the classic SS markers only, 40 (26%) of the patients tested positive for the early SS markers only, and 5 (3%) tested positive for both the early and classic SS markers. Of the 34 patients who were tested for early SS markers only, 10 (29%) tested positive and 24 (71%) tested negative. Further analysis of all the patients that tested positive for the TSAs (n = 55), found 83.6% (46) were positive for SP-1, 12.7% (7) were positive for CA6 and 20.0% (11) were positive for PSP. 85.5% (47) of these patients were positive for only one of the TSAs and 14.5% (8) were positive for more than one TSA. CONCLUSION Approximately 1/3 of FM patients that were tested for both the TSAs and classic Sjögren's markers tested positive for a SS biomarker, and the majority of those patients tested positive for one or more of the TSAs. This suggests that autoimmunity, specifically early- stage Sjögren's syndrome, may be involved in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Applbaum
- Rutgers- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Alan Lichtbroun
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Gong W, Guo X, Zhang Y. Depletion of MicroRNA-373 Represses the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus via Activation of Type 1 Interferon Response by Targeting IRF5. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1181-1189. [PMID: 30450852 PMCID: PMC6240574 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a risk of chronic liver disease and threatens a significant number of people worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are linked to the regulation of hepatocarcinogenesis. Although miR-373 is required for HCV infection, the underlying mechanisms of miR-373 involvement in HCV replication remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were performed to detect the abundances of miR-373 and HCV RNA either in Huh 7.5 cells or liver biopsy specimens with HCV infection. Luciferase assay was employed to probe the interactions between miR-373 and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5). Western blot was conducted to investigate the effect of miR-373 and IRF5 on HCV replication and activation of type 1 interferon (IFN) response in JFH1-infected Huh 7.5 cells. RESULTS HCV infection appeared to be caused by increased miR-373 expression. Addition of miR-373 promoted HCV RNA expression, while miR-373 depletion led to an inhibitive effect on HCV replication. Concordantly, IRF5, as a direct target, was limited by miR-373 in JFH1-infected Huh 7.5 cells. In addition, introduction of IRF5 protected HCV replication in the presence of abundant miR-373. Furthermore, the miR-373-mediated inhibitory effect on type 1 IFN response was ablated following IRF5 accumulation. CONCLUSION miR-373 abrogation reduced HCV replication via activation of type 1 IFN responses by targeting IRF5 in JFH1-infected Huh 7.5 cells, suggesting a promising therapeutic for treating HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Gong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Hematological Research Institute, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangmin Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Type 1 interferon-inducible gene expression in QuantiFERON Gold TB-positive uveitis: A tool to stratify a high versus low risk of active tuberculosis? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206073. [PMID: 30336493 PMCID: PMC6193765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
QuantiFERON-Gold TB (QFT)-positive patients with undetermined cause of uveitis are problematic in terms of whether to diagnose and treat them for tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigated whether peripheral blood expression of type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible genes may be of use to stratify QFT-positive patients with uveitis into groups of high versus low risk of having active TB-associated uveitis. We recruited all new uveitis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia for one year. We included 12 patients with uveitis and clinically diagnosed active pulmonary TB, 58 QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause, 10 newly diagnosed sputum-positive active pulmonary TB patients without uveitis and 23 QFT-negative healthy controls. Expression of 35 type 1 IFN-inducible genes was measured in peripheral blood cells from active pulmonary TB patients without uveitis and healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes were identified and used for further clustering analyses of the uveitis groups. A type-1 IFN gene signature score was calculated and the optimal cut-off value for this score to differentiate active pulmonary TB from healthy controls was determined and applied to QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause. Ten type 1 IFN-inducible genes were differentially expressed between active pulmonary TB and healthy controls. Expression of these 10 genes in QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause revealed three groups: 1); patients resembling active pulmonary TB, 2); patients resembling healthy controls, and 3); patients displaying an in-between gene expression pattern. A type 1 IFN gene signature score ≥5.61 displayed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (91%) for identification of active TB. Application of this score to QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause yielded two groups with expected different likelihood (high vs. low) of having active-TB uveitis, and therefore may be useful in clinical management decisions.
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