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Son J, Sung P. A Reciprocal Relationship between Formal and Informal Social Engagement and Handgrip Strength of Older Adults in South Korea. Gerontology 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39008957 DOI: 10.1159/000540344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between social engagement and handgrip strength has been underexplored. Further, no prior research examined a plausible reciprocal association between them. METHODS The study employed the seven waves of data (2006-2018) from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) survey (7,927 respondents, mean age: 59 years old at wave 1 [71 years old at wave 7], women: 58%). It used ML-SEM, a cross-lagged panel model with fixed effects fitted by structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation. In particular, the ML-SEM examined whether a reciprocal relationship existed between formal social engagement (number of association memberships and frequency of organizational activities)/informal social engagement (frequency of contact with familiar persons) and handgrip strength (the average of the four dynamometer measurements). RESULTS The empirical analyses identified a systematic reciprocal association between formal social engagement and handgrip strength. Specifically, formal social engagement was positively associated with handgrip strength over time (the number of association memberships standardized coefficient: 0.012*, the frequency of organizational activities standardized coefficient: 0.022***). Conversely, handgrip strength was positively related to the number of memberships (the handgrip strength standardized coefficient: 0.025*) and the frequency of organizational activities (the handgrip strength standardized coefficient: 0.042**). CONCLUSION The study thus supports the social causation proposition that formal social engagement in and through diverse associations may be positively associated with handgrip strength. It also validates the health selection argument that handgrip strength may increase the likelihood of formal social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonmo Son
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pildoo Sung
- Department of Sociology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Rambukwella R, Westbury LD, Pearse C, Ward KA, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Could self-reported physical performance help predict individuals at the highest risk of mortality and hospital admission events in clinical practice? Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2024; 25:e25. [PMID: 38742442 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423624000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To consider how self-reported physical function measures relate to adverse clinical outcomes measured over 20 years of follow-up in a community-dwelling cohort (aged 59-73 at baseline) as compared with hand grip strength, a well-validated predictor of adverse events. BACKGROUND Recent evidence has emphasized the significant association of physical activity, physical performance, and muscle strength with hospital admissions in older people. However, physical performance tests require staff availability, training, specialized equipment, and space to perform them, often not feasible or realistic in the context of a busy clinical setting. METHODS In total, 2997 men and women were analyzed. Baseline predictors were measured grip strength (Jamar dynamometer) and the following self-reported measures: physical activity (Dallosso questionnaire); physical function score (SF-36 Health Survey); and walking speed. Participants were followed up from baseline (1998-2004) until December 2018 using UK Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data, which report clinical outcomes using ICD-10 coding. Predictors in relation to the risk of mortality and hospital admission events were examined using Cox regression with and without adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. FINDINGS The mean age at baseline was 65.7 and 66.6 years among men and women, respectively. Over follow-up, 36% of men and 26% of women died, while 93% of men and 92% of women were admitted to hospital at least once. Physical activity, grip strength, SF-36 physical function, and walking speed were all strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in both sex- and fully adjusted analyses; poorer values for each of the predictors were related to greater risk of mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular-related) and any, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, any fracture, and falls admissions. SF-36 physical function and grip strength were similarly associated with the adverse health outcomes considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Rambukwella
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Camille Pearse
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Calcaterra L, Abellan van Kan G, Steinmeyer Z, Angioni D, Proietti M, Sourdet S. Sarcopenia and poor nutritional status in older adults. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:701-707. [PMID: 38320461 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between sarcopenia and malnutrition has been poorly studied in the older population. The purpose of this study is to address the association between sarcopenia, according to different validated definitions, and nutritional status in a large population of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional study of the Geriatric Frailty Clinic (GFC) for Assessment of Frailty and Prevention of Disability, held by the "Gérontopôle" of the Toulouse University Hospital. Patients aged above 65 years who benefitted from a Dual X-ray Densitometry (DXA) during their assessment at the GFC from June 5th 2013 to January 28th 2020 were included. Sarcopenia was defined according to proposed validated definitions. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used to stratify nutritional status, and identify patients with a poor nutritional status (at risk of malnutrition or malnourished, MNA <24). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed between MNA and each sarcopenia definition adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Among the 938 patients with DXA data, a total of 809 (86.2 %) subjects were included in the analysis (mean age 81.8 ± 6.9 years, 527 females (65.1 %)). Prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.6 % to 44.9 %, according to various definitions. Overall 244 (30.2 %) of the patients had a poor nutritional status (MNA-score <24), Baumgartner and Newman definitions of sarcopenia were both associated with low MNA-scores (OR = 4.69, CI 3.15-6.98 and OR = 2.30, CI 1.55-3.14, respectively), EWGSOP2 "confirmed sarcopenia" definition was also associated with low MNA-scores (OR = 3.68, CI 2.30-5.89), as well as for the lean mass definition according EWGSOP2 cut-off (OR 5.22 CI 3.52-7.73). Both FNIH and EWGSOP2 "probable sarcopenia" definitions were not associated with the risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.6 to 44.9 % according to various definitions. A score of MNA under 24, was associated with almost all of the sarcopenia definitions. This study reinforces the concept that malnutrition and sarcopenia are strictly related. When facing malnutrition in daily clinical practice, body composition should be assessed and the proposed nutritional intervention should be tailored by these results in order to prevent the onset of late-life disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calcaterra
- IHU HealthAge, Frailty Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, La Cité de la Santé, Hôpital La Grave, Place Lange, Toulouse 31059, France; Division of Subacute Care, IRCCS, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - G Abellan van Kan
- IHU HealthAge, Frailty Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, La Cité de la Santé, Hôpital La Grave, Place Lange, Toulouse 31059, France.
| | - Z Steinmeyer
- IHU HealthAge, Frailty Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, La Cité de la Santé, Hôpital La Grave, Place Lange, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - D Angioni
- IHU HealthAge, Frailty Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, La Cité de la Santé, Hôpital La Grave, Place Lange, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - M Proietti
- Division of Subacute Care, IRCCS, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - S Sourdet
- IHU HealthAge, Frailty Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, La Cité de la Santé, Hôpital La Grave, Place Lange, Toulouse 31059, France
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Kirwan R, Mazidi M, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Lip GYH, Davies IG. The association of appendicular lean mass and grip strength with low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein particle diameter: a Mendelian randomization study of the UK Biobank cohort. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae019. [PMID: 38595990 PMCID: PMC11003544 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aims Reduced muscle mass and reduced strength are frequently associated with both alterations in blood lipids and poorer cardiometabolic outcomes in epidemiological studies; however, a causal association cannot be determined from such observations. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to assess the association of genetically determined appendicular lean mass (ALM) and handgrip strength (HGS) with serum lipid particle diameter. Methods and results Mendelian randomization was implemented using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies on ALM (n = 450 243), HGS (n = 223 315), and lipoprotein [low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] particle diameters (n = 115 078). Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used to calculate the causal estimates. Weighted median-based method, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out method were applied as sensitivity analysis. Greater ALM had a statistically significant positive effect on HDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = 0.055, SE = 0.031, P = 0.081; IVW: β = 0.068, SE = 0.014, P < 0.001) and a statistically significant negative effect on VLDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = -0.114, SE = 0.039, P = 0.003; IVW: β = -0.081, SE = 0.017, P < 0.001). Similarly, greater HGS had a statistically significant positive effect on HDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = 0.433, SE = 0.184, P = 0.019; IVW: β = 0.121, SE = 0.052, P = 0.021) and a statistically significant negative effect on VLDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = -0.416, SE = 0.163, P = 0.011; IVW: β = -0.122, SE = 0.046, P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant effect of either ALM or HGS on LDL particle diameter. Conclusion There were potentially causal associations between both increasing ALM and HGS and increasing HDL particle size and decreasing VLDL particle size. These causal associations may offer possibilities for interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular disease risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr., Doll Bldg, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- School of Applied Health and Social Care and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Chen X, Xie L, Xia X, Luo X, Chen J, Zhang J, Li Q, Zhang X, Jiang J, Yang M. Effects of measurement protocols and repetitions on handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry in patients with cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:220-230. [PMID: 38014503 PMCID: PMC10834335 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of handgrip strength (HGS) in clinical cancer research is surging. The association between HGS and outcomes in patients with cancer varied across studies, which might be due to the different measurement protocols for HGS. We aimed to answer three questions: (1) Did the use of various protocols for HGS, along with different numbers of repetitions, lead to significant differences in maximum HGS values? (2) If yes, were these differences clinically significant? (3) Did the differences in HGS protocols and repetitions affect the identification of HGS weakness or HGS asymmetry? METHODS We continuously recruited adult patients with solid tumours. Two protocols were used to measure HGS: Method A, following the American Society of Hand Therapists guidelines, and Method B, following the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey guidelines. To analyse HGS, we used the maximal value obtained from either two or three repetitions of the dominant hand or four or six repetitions of both hands. RESULTS We included 497 patients (326 men and 171 women, median age: 58 years). The maximal HGS values, measured with Method B, were significantly higher than those measured by Method A in both men and women, despite repetitions (all P < 0.05). The maximum HGS values were significantly different across the repetition groups, regardless of measurement protocols and sex (all P < 0.01). The protocol-induced differences in maximal HGS values might be clinically meaningful in over 60% of men and 40% of women despite repetitions. The repetition-induced difference was only clinically significant in 4.3-17.8% of men and 4.1-14.6% of women. To identify HGS weakness, using Method A (six repetitions) as the 'gold' standard, the other protocols demonstrated an overall accuracy of 0.923-0.997 in men and 0.965-1 in women. To identify HGS asymmetry, using Method A (six repetitions) as the 'gold' standard, Method B (six repetitions) demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 0.972 in men and 0.971 in women. Method A (four repetitions) showed a diagnostic accuracy of 0.837 in men and 0.825 in women, while Method B (four repetitions) showed a diagnostic accuracy of 0.825 in men and 0.807 in women. CONCLUSIONS Both measurement protocols and repetitions significantly affect the maximal HGS values. The identification of HGS weakness is not significantly affected by either protocols or repetitions, while the identification of HGS asymmetry may be affected by different repetitions but not protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital (Shangjin Nanfu Branch), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhen Luo
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital (Shangjin Nanfu Branch), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital (Shangjin Nanfu Branch), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital (Shangjin Nanfu Branch), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - QinLan Li
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital (Shangjin Nanfu Branch), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jiang
- Rehabilitation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hsu NW, Lin CH, Yang NP, Chen HC, Chou P. Handgrip strength is associated with mortality in community-dwelling older adults: the Yilan cohort study, Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2194. [PMID: 37940899 PMCID: PMC10631044 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the methods to help early identification of physical frailty and sarcopenia, the major concerns in the aging societies. It is also crucial to evaluate its impact on mortality. However, the available evidence regarding such impact among specific age cohorts (65 to 74 years and above) is limited. This study tried to investigate the relationship between HGS and mortality among specific cohorts of the community-dwelling older individuals in Yilan, Taiwan. METHODS A seven-year longitudinal follow-up study was conducted involving 2,468 community-dwelling older individuals in Yilan. The participants were divided into two groups based on their quartiles of hand grip strength: with poor HGS and with good HGS. The association between HGS and mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The analysis revealed that age, HGS, gender, medical history of cardiovascular diseases, body mass index, and wrist-hip ratio had significant impacts on seven-year survival. Specifically, individuals with poor HGS exhibited increased mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.52-2.30). Furthermore, the adverse effect of poor HGS on mortality was more pronounced in males aged 65-74 years (adjusted HR 4.12, 95% CI: 2.16-7.84), females aged 75 years or older (2.09, 1.43-3.04) and males aged 75 years or older (1.49, 1.07-2.07). CONCLUSION Poor hand grip strength is an independent risk factor for mid-term mortality among community-dwelling older individuals in Yilan. The assessment of HGS can serve as a valuable tool in identifying older individuals at higher risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wei Hsu
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- Public Health Bureau, Yilan County, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ping Yang
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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De Lorenzo R, Di Filippo L, Scelfo S, Merolla A, Giustina A, Conte C, Rovere-Querini P. Longitudinal Changes in Physical Function and Their Impact on Health Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:4474. [PMID: 37892549 PMCID: PMC10610243 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is correlated with a variety of long-term sequelae that affect different aspects of health, including physical function. This study investigated the longitudinal changes in handgrip strength (HGS) over six months post-hospital discharge in COVID-19 patients and explores the associations between HGS, health-related quality of life, dyspnoea, exercise capacity, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Adult COVID-19 patients were followed up at one, three, and six months after hospital discharge. HGS, BMI, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life were assessed. Data from patients with HGS measurements at all three time points were analysed. RESULTS Low HGS was prevalent one month post-discharge (35%). Participants with low HGS exhibited more severe disease (30.5% vs. 5.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit, p < 0.01), longer hospital stays (median [IQR] 21 [10.0; 40.5] vs. 12.0 [8.0; 20.0] days, p < 0.01), greater weight loss (-5.7 [-9.1; -0.6] vs. -3.2 [-5.7; -0.0] kg, p = 0.004), and reduced exercise capacity (6 min walking test [6 MWT], 95.7 [84.0; 102.0] vs. 100.0 [92.9; 105.0]% predicted, p = 0.007). Those with persistently low HGS (40% of the initial low HGS group) had worse exercise capacity (6-MWT 93.3 [78.3; 101.0] vs. 101.0 [95.0; 107.0]% predicted, p < 0.001), more dyspnoea (29.0% vs. 2.0% of participants, p < 0.001), poorer quality of life (visual analogue scale score, 75 [50; 75] vs. 85 [75; 95], p < 0.001), and higher rates of problems in various health dimensions. HGS at 1 month was the only significant predictor of HGS improvement from 1 month to 6 months (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.11 [1.03; 1.20], p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the prevalence of reduced physical function among COVID-19 survivors and emphasises the importance of early identification and intervention to optimise their long-term health. Monitoring HGS, a simple and reliable tool, can provide valuable insights into patients' overall physical function, aiding in tailored care and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca De Lorenzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.D.F.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.R.-Q.)
| | - Luigi Di Filippo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.D.F.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.R.-Q.)
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Scelfo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aurora Merolla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.D.F.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.R.-Q.)
| | - Andrea Giustina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.D.F.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.R.-Q.)
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.D.F.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.R.-Q.)
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Cacciatore S, Marzetti E. Sarcopenia and physical function: Proxies of overall health and predictors of mortality in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105037. [PMID: 37086681 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Sin MK, Lee JA, Murphy PJM, Charles Faselis, Ahmed A. Upper extremity weakness: A novel risk factor for non-cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105021. [PMID: 37058816 PMCID: PMC10330262 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-associated upper extremity weakness has been shown to be associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults, but less is known about the association between impaired upper extremity function and cause-specific mortalities. METHODS Among the 5512 prospective community-based longitudinal Cardiovascular Health Study participants, 1438 had difficulty with one of the three upper extremity functions of lifting, reaching, or gripping. We assembled a propensity score-matched cohort in which 1126 pairs of participants with and without difficulty with upper extremity function, balanced on 62 baseline characteristics including geriatric and functional variables such as physical and cognitive function. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortalities associated with upper extremity weakness were estimated in the matched cohort. RESULTS Matched participants had a mean age of 73.1 years, 72.5% were women, and 17.0% African American. During 23 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality occurred in 83.7% (942/1126) and 81.2% (914/1126) of participants with and without upper extremity weakness, respectively (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22; p = 0.023). Upper extremity weakness was associated with a higher risk of non-cardiovascular mortality, occurring in 595 (52.8%) and 553 (49.1%) of participants, respectively (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.31; p = 0.010), but had no association with cardiovascular mortality (30.8% vs 32.1% in those with and without upper extremity weakness, respectively; HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.19; p = 0.70). CONCLUSION Among community-dwelling older adults, upper extremity weakness had a weak, albeit independent, significant association with all-cause mortality, which was primarily driven by a higher risk of non-cardiovascular mortality. Future studies need to replicate these findings and understand the underlying reasons for the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Kyung Sin
- College of Nursing, Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. BOX 222000, Seattle, WA 98122-1090, United States.
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Patrick J M Murphy
- College of Nursing, Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. BOX 222000, Seattle, WA 98122-1090, United States
| | - Charles Faselis
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ali Ahmed
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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10
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Luo L, Xu J, Jiang R, Yao B, Di J. Association between serum copper, zinc and their ratio and handgrip strength among adults: a study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29100-29109. [PMID: 36402884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the association between serum copper and zinc status and handgrip strength is very limited only in several observational studies with study participants of specific population or a narrower age range. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum copper, zinc and their ratio and handgrip strength in the general population. This study included adult participants aged 20-80 years with complete data of serum copper and zinc status and handgrip strength from NHANES 2011-2014. Handgrip strength was calculated as the average of the maximum measure obtained in each hand with a grip strength dynamometer and corrected using BMI. Serum copper and zinc levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry, and their ratios were calculated. The multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were used. Serum copper level was inversely associated with BMI-corrected handgrip strength, and the beta coefficients (95% confidence intervals) comparing the second, third, and fourth to the lowest quartiles of serum copper level were - 0.17 kg (- 0.26; - 0.08), - 0.22 kg (- 0.32; - 0.13), and - 0.36 kg (- 0.44; - 0.28), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Non-linear association was detected between serum copper level and BMI-corrected handgrip strength (P < 0.01). Consistent with serum copper, serum copper/zinc ratio was inversely associated with BMI-corrected handgrip strength. However, no significant associations were observed between serum zinc level and BMI-corrected handgrip strength (all P > 0.05). Higher serum copper level and copper/zinc ratios were significantly associated with lower handgrip strength. Further research is needed to address related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Hospital Management Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Center for Hospital Management Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jumi Xu
- Center for Hospital Management Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Performance Management, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ruo Jiang
- Center for Hospital Management Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Medical Affairs, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Baodong Yao
- Department of Performance Management, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianzhong Di
- Center for Hospital Management Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Hospital Office, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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11
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Lee K. Self-perceived Weight and Mortality in Korean Adults Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Linked to Cause of Death Statistics. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:313-324. [PMID: 36529862 PMCID: PMC9828707 DOI: 10.7570/jomes22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the associations between self-perceived weight, weight perception, and mortality risk among Korean adults. Methods Data from the 2007 to 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2007 to 2019 Cause of Death Statistics were linked for this cohort study. A complex samples Cox regression analysis involving 42,453 participants (17,056 male; 25,397 female) was performed after excluding those who died within 1 year of the follow-up period, those with a history of cancer, those with cardiovascular diseases, those without body mass index (BMI) data, and those without self-perceived weight data. Results During 7.85 years of follow-up, the overall mortality rate was 3.8% (4.5% for male and 3.1% for female). Self-perceived thin weight status was associated with a 43% to 68% higher risk of all-cause mortality and a 2.48-times higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to self-perceived just right weight status after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, underlying health status, BMI, and metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for the confounding factors, those who underestimated their weight had a 27% reduced risk of all-cause mortality than those who correctly estimated their weight. The risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 2.14-times higher and 2.32-times higher, respectively, in the underweight group with an accurate weight estimation than in the normal weight group with an accurate weight estimation. However, all-cause mortality was 47% lower among participants with obesity who overestimated their weight. Conclusion Self-perceived thinness and accurately perceived underweight status were associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea,Corresponding author Kayoung Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-554X Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Korea Tel: +82-51-890-6229 Fax: +82-51-894-7554 E-mail:
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12
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Koyanagi A, Núñez-Cortés R, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Del Pozo Cruz B. Thresholds of handgrip strength for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review with dose-response meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101778. [PMID: 36332759 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While handgrip strength is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, whether such associations are dose-dependent is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review on the dose-response relationship of handgrip strength with all-cause mortality, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS The data source included three electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) from inception to 8 February 2022. Prospective cohort studies of healthy adults with objective measures of handgrip strength were included. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We used estimates regarding handgrip strength categories to conduct a random forest model, and a two-stage random-effects hierarchical meta-regression model pooling study-specific estimates for dose-response relationship. Outcomes included all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. REULTS Forty-eight studies comprising 3,135,473 participants (49.6% women, age range 35-85 years) were included. Random forest models showed a significant inverse association between handgrip strength and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Dose-response meta-analyses showed that higher levels of handgrip strength significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality within 26-50 kg (Higgin´s I2 =45.7%) in a close-to-linear inverse fashion. Cancer and cardiovascular mortality displayed a trend towards a U-shaped association with a significant risk reduction between 16 and 33 kg (Higgin´s I2 =77.4%), and a close-to-linear inverse shaped and significant risk reduction ranging from 24 to 40 kg (Higgin´s I2 =79.7%) respectively. CONCLUSION There is strong evidence for an association between lower handgrip strength with higher all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality risk. The dose-response relationship of handgrip strength substantially varies depending on the cause of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across the Lifespan (EPAFit) Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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13
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Smith L, Jacob L, Koyanagi A, López-Gil JF, Del Pozo Cruz B. Longitudinal association of handgrip strength with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults using a causal framework. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111951. [PMID: 36096322 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is no study addressing the time-varying confounding bias in the association of handgrip strength (HGS) with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, we conducted marginal structural models (MSM) to provide causal estimations on the associations of HGS with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative sample of adults aged 50 years or older. Data from 29 countries including 121,116 participants (276,994 observations; mean age 63.7 years; 56.3 % women) free from prior heart attack or stroke were retrieved from consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). During a median of 7.7 years follow-up (interquartile range 3.8-11.8) and 1,009,862 person-years, 6407 participants (5.3 %) died due to all causes, and 2263 (1.9 %) died due to cardiovascular diseases. Using repeated measures of handheld dynamometry, we determined absolute and relative to body mass index HGS of each participant. We applied adjusted MSM to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with changes over time in HGS addressing the time-varying confounding bias. An increase of 5 kg in HGS was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause [HR 0.86, 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.86-0.90], overall cardiovascular (HR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.82-0.86), heart attack (HR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.86-0.95), and stroke (HR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.82-0.90) mortality. The associations of relative HGS were of stronger magnitude in all cases. Our findings provide critical evidence on the importance of increasing general muscle strength in older adults to reduce mortality risk, particularly concerning cardiovascular causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Handgrip strength measurement protocols for all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes in more than 3 million participants: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2473-2489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Lin S, Wang F, Huang Y, Yuan Y, Huang F, Zhu P. Handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry together are associated with cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients: A prospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:759-765. [PMID: 36058626 PMCID: PMC9544274 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim The evaluations of handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry have implications for the comprehensive geriatric assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of HGS weakness and asymmetry on cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study of 364 Geriatrics outpatients aged ≥60 years, in which all participants carried out HGS tests at baseline. Patients with HGS <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women were diagnosed as HGS weakness, and HGS ratio <0.90 or >1.10 were diagnosed as HGS asymmetry. Primary outcomes defined as the major adverse cardiovascular event and composite end‐points were assessed during a 21‐month median follow‐up. Results Among 364 participants, 155 (42.6%) showed HGS weakness, and 160 (44.0%) showed HGS asymmetry. HGS weakness was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.22–6.27) and composite end‐points (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.40–5.77). However, no significant correlation between HGS asymmetry and cardiovascular outcomes was observed. Compared with the normal and symmetric HGS group, older adults with HGS weakness and asymmetry together had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 5.23, 95% CI 1.56–17.54) and composite end‐points (HR 4.00, 95% CI 1.56–10.28). Conclusions HGS weakness and asymmetry together might increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients. HGS asymmetry offers complementary information to HGS weakness when making a comprehensive assessment of HGS. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 759–765.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Fujian Health College Fuzhou China
- Nursing School of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Fuzhou China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Fuzhou China
| | - Feng Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Fuzhou China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Fuzhou China
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16
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Grabovac I, Oberndorfer M, del Pozo Cruz B. Associations of handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality in older adults: a prospective cohort study in 28 countries. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6593705. [PMID: 35639798 PMCID: PMC9351371 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background mixed evidence exists on the association between muscle strength and mortality in older adults, in particular for cancer mortality. Aim to examine the dose–response association of objectively handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality. Study Design and Setting data from consecutive waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe comprising 27 European countries and Israel were retrieved. Overall, 54,807 men (45.2%; 128,753 observations) and 66,576 women (54.8%; 159,591 observations) aged 64.0 (SD 9.6) and 63.9 (SD 10.2) years, respectively, were included. Cox regression and Fine-Grey sub-distribution method were conducted. Results during the follow-up period (896,836 person-year), the fully adjusted model showed the lowest significant risk estimates for the highest third of handgrip strength when compared with the first third (reference) in men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.50) and women (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30–0.49) for all-cause mortality. We identified a maximal threshold for reducing the risk of all-cause mortality for men (42 kg) and women (25 kg), as well as a linear dose–response association in participants aged 65 or over. No robust association for cancer mortality was observed. Conclusion these results indicate an inverse dose–response association between incremental levels of handgrip and all-cause mortality in older adults up to 42 kg for men and 25 kg for women, and a full linear association for participants aged 65 years or over. These findings warrant preventive strategies for older adults with low levels of handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing , University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG) , Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG) , Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG) , Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Oberndorfer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Borja del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing , Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Kirwan RP, Mazidi M, Rodríguez García C, Lane KE, Jafari A, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Davies IG. Protein interventions augment the effect of resistance exercise on appendicular lean mass and handgrip strength in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:897-913. [PMID: 34673936 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased protein intake is suggested as a strategy to slow or reverse the loss of muscle mass and strength observed in sarcopenia, but results from studies that directly tested this possibility have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We assessed the evidence on the effects of whole protein supplementation or higher-protein diets, without the use of amino acids or supplements known to stimulate hypertrophy, alone or in combination with resistance exercise (RE) interventions, on lean body mass (LBM) and strength in older adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from January 1990 to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of protein supplementation and/or higher-protein dietary interventions in older adults (mean age ≥50 y) on total LBM, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and handgrip (HG) and knee extension (KE) strength were included. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were identified. In pooled analysis, compared with lower protein controls, protein supplementation did not have a significant positive effect on total LBM [weighted mean difference in change (WMD): 0.34; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.89; I2 = 90.01%], ALM (WMD: 0.4; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.81; I2 = 90.38%), HG strength (WMD: 0.69; 95% CI: -0.69, 2.06; I2 = 94.52%), or KE strength (WMD: 1.88; 95% CI: -0.6, 4.35; I2 = 95.35%). However, in interventions that used also RE, statistically significant positive effects of protein were observed for ALM (WMD: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.05; I2 = 89.76%) and HG (WMD: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.12, 3.30; I2 = 88.71%). Meta-regression revealed no significant association between age, per-meal protein dose, duration, and baseline protein intake with change in any outcome. Subgroup analysis revealed the statistically significant effects on ALM occurred only in sarcopenic/frail populations (WMD: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.25; I2 = 79.0%). Most studies (n = 22) had some risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS In older adults performing RE, increased protein intake leads to greater ALM and HG strength compared with lower protein controls. Without RE, protein has no additional benefit on changes in total LBM, ALM, or HG strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Kirwan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carmen Rodríguez García
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Katie E Lane
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tom Butler
- School of Applied Health and Social Care and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Laura FC, Lucely CP, Tatiana GC, Roberto JL, Dulce GI, Arturo PS, Maricarmen GG, Lilia CM. Handgrip Strength, Overhydration and Nutritional Status as a Predictors of Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Cervical Cancer Patients. A Prospective Study. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:2444-2450. [PMID: 35023398 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antineoplastic treatments produce adverse events (AE) such as gastrointestinal toxicity. These AE can reduce nutritional intake and promote weight and muscle mass loss. Objective: To determine if body composition, nutritional status, or muscle function predicts gastrointestinal toxicity during chemotherapy in cervical cancer (CC) patients. Methods: Women with CC were studied. Nutritional status was evaluated according to PG-SGA, and body composition was measured with bioimpedance. Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Results: A total of 207 women, 81 with toxicity and 126 without toxicity groups, were studied. Patients in the toxicity group had less handgrip strength (17.7 ± 5.0 vs. 20.3 ± 5.0 p = 0.0004); phase angle (5.2 ± 1.1 vs. 5.9 ± 1.0, p = 0.0065); higher prevalence of sarcopenia (35.9% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.016); overhydration (25.9% vs. 6.3% p < 0.001); and PG-SGA C (14.1% vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001) when compared to patients without toxicity. Handgrip strength (HR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98, p = 0.028), overhydration (HR: 2.82, 95% CI 1.22-6.51, p = 0.015) and been severely malnourished according to PG-PGA (HR: 3.6, 95%CI 1.46-9.2, p < 0.001) were associated with the risk to present gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion: handgrip strength, overhydration, and severe malnutrition are independent risk factors to the presence of gastrointestinal toxicity in CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores-Cisneros Laura
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Postgraduate Programs, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cetina-Pérez Lucely
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galicia-Carmona Tatiana
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jimenez-Lima Roberto
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - González-Islas Dulce
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Parra-Solano Arturo
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gómez-Guzman Maricarmen
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Martínez Lilia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Roh E, Hwang SY, Yoo HJ, Baik SH, Cho B, Park YS, Kim HJ, Lee SG, Kim BJ, Jang HC, Kim M, Won CW, Choi KM. Association of plasma FGF21 levels with muscle mass and muscle strength in a national multicentre cohort study: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Age Ageing 2021; 50:1971-1978. [PMID: 34591968 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND despite of the beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 in several metabolic diseases, the association of plasma FGF21 with muscle mass and muscle strength is still unclear. METHODS a total of 386 community-dwelling older adults aged 70-84 years were analysed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to the square of height (ASM/ht2). Muscle strength was assessed using the hand grip strength (HGS) test. The definitions of low muscle mass (LMM) and low muscle strength (LMS) were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. RESULTS plasma FGF21 was significantly lower in participants with LMM than in those with normal muscle mass (289.7 [192.4-448.3] vs. 345.6 [238.6-503.2] pg/ml, P = 0.008). In contrast, the LMS group had a significantly higher plasma FGF21 level than the normal muscle strength group (369.7 [244.4-591.1] vs. 309.7 [205.3-444.8] pg/ml, P = 0.006). In the partial correlation analysis, following adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, FGF21 levels had no significant association with ASM/ht2, but were negatively associated with HGS (r = -0.112, P = 0.029). Furthermore, after multivariate adjustment for confounding variables, the odds ratio for the risk of LMS was 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.20-4.46) when comparing the highest with the lowest FGF21 quartile. CONCLUSIONS circulating FGF21 levels are negatively associated with muscle strength but are not independently correlated with muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Gyu Lee
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Hurh K, Park Y, Jang SI, Park EC. Synergistic associations of visual and self-reported hearing acuity with low handgrip strength in older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:513. [PMID: 34563124 PMCID: PMC8466740 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether visual and hearing acuity are independently or synergistically associated with muscle strength. We aimed to examine the associations of visual and self-reported hearing acuity with low handgrip strength and the additive interaction between visual and hearing acuity on low handgrip strength in people over 60 years. METHOD Data of 3,075 individuals aged over 60 years from the 2017 and 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this cross-sectional study. Low handgrip strength was defined based on the 20th percentile of the study population (< 30.4 kg for male and < 17.7 kg for female). Visual and self-reported hearing acuity were each divided into three categories: good, moderate, and impaired. Multiple logistic regression and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) were performed. RESULTS Of the 3,075 participants, 993 (32.3 %) demonstrated low handgrip strength. Low handgrip strength was more prevalent in participants with moderate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.54, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-2.12) and impaired visual acuity (AOR = 2.00, 95 % CI = 1.34-2.96). Both moderate and impaired self-reported hearing acuity were significantly associated with low handgrip strength (moderate: AOR = 1.25, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.55; impaired: AOR = 1.66, 95 % CI = 1.15-2.38). The more severe the sensory function decline, the higher the association with muscle weakness. Moreover, combined sensory impairments were associated with deteriorating low handgrip strength (AOR = 8.38), with significantly strong additive interactions (RERI = 2.61, 95 % CI = 2.52-2.70). CONCLUSIONS Awareness is needed regarding the risk of reduced muscle strength in individuals with moderate and impaired sensory function. Older people with sensory function decline in clinical settings may benefit from programs such as exercise prescription to prevent muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungduk Hurh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsik Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Nishikawa H, Yoh K, Enomoto H, Ikeda N, Takashima T, Aizawa N, Nishimura T, Nishiguchi S, Iijima H. Predictors for Grip Strength Loss in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases. In Vivo 2021; 35:363-371. [PMID: 33402485 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To elucidate factors associated with secular changes of grip strength (GS) in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) (n=241, 102 males, median age=63 years, 87 liver cirrhosis cases). MATERIALS AND METHODS ΔGS (kg/year) was defined as [GS value (second time) - GS value (first time)]/[time interval between the first and second time]. GS loss (GSL) was defined as ΔGS <0 kg/year. RESULTS The median ΔGS in patients with non-LC, Child-Pugh A (n=70) and Child-Pugh B (n=17) were 0.3, -0.2 and -1.6 kg/year (overall p<0.0001). In the multivariate analysis of factors linked to the GSL for all cases, extracellular water (ECW) to total body water (TBW) ratio was significant (p=0.0007). In the multivariate analysis in male, no significant factor was found, while in female, ECW to TBW ratio was significant (p=0.0024). CONCLUSION Liver functional parameters can be closely linked to the GSL especially in female CLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; .,Center for Clinical Research and Education, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hirayuki Enomoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Naoto Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Aizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Iijima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Karunananthan S, Moodie EEM, Bergman H, Payette H, Diehr PH, Wolfson C. Physical Function and Survival in Older Adults: A longitudinal study accounting for time-varying effects. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104440. [PMID: 34119809 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Variation in physical function in older adults over time raises several methodological challenges in the study of its association with survival, many of which have largely been overlooked in previous studies. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between time-varying measures of physical function and survival in men and women aged 70 years and over, while accounting for the time-varying effects of health and lifestyle characteristics. METHODS 1,846 women and 1,245 men in the Cardiovascular Health Study followed annually for up to 10 years beginning at age 70-74 years were included. We estimated the effect of gait speed and grip strength on survival over the subsequent year, using age as the timescale. RESULTS A 0.1m/s higher gait speed was associated with a 12% decrease in the likelihood of death in the subsequent year among women (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94). There was no statistically significant effect of gait speed on survival among men (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.03), or of grip strength on survival among women (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00) or men (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-1.01), over one year. CONCLUSIONS Upon using time-varying measures of physical function while accounting for time-varying effects of health and lifestyle characteristics, higher gait speed was associated with increased survival among the women in our study. We found no evidence of an association between gait speed and one-year survival in men, or between grip strength and one-year survival in women or men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Karunananthan
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
| | - Erica E M Moodie
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Howard Bergman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Hélène Payette
- Research Centre on Aging, Integrated Academic Health Centre and Social Services in the Eastern Townships, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec
| | - Paula H Diehr
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, Quebec; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
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Soysal P, Hurst C, Demurtas J, Firth J, Howden R, Yang L, Tully MA, Koyanagi A, Ilie PC, López-Sánchez GF, Schwingshackl L, Veronese N, Smith L. Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:290-295. [PMID: 32565244 PMCID: PMC8167328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health outcomes. METHODS An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance. We graded the evidence from convincing (Class I) to weak (Class IV). RESULTS From 504 articles returned in a search of the literature, 8 systematic reviews were included in our review, with a total of 11 outcomes. Overall, nine of the 11 of the outcomes reported nominally significant summary results (p < 0.05), with 4 associations surviving the application of the more stringent p value (p < 10-6). No outcome presented convincing evidence. Three associations showed Class II evidence (i.e., highly suggestive): (1) higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population (n = 34 studies; sample size = 1,855,817; relative risk = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67-0.78), (2) cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations (n = 15 studies; relative risk = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.91), and (3) incidence of disability (n = 7 studies; relative risk = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.66-0.87). CONCLUSION The present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as disability. To further inform intervention strategies, future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Christopher Hurst
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda Usl Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto 52100, Italy
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Reuben Howden
- College of Health & Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Long Beach, CA 90815, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, AlbertaT5J 3E4, Canada
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Health Park, CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona 08003, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Petre Cristian Ilie
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn PE30 4ET, UK
| | | | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, Padua 35122, Italy.
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK.
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Shimizu Y, Maeda T. Influence of height on endothelial maintenance activity: a narrative review. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:19. [PMID: 33549053 PMCID: PMC7866474 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an inverse association between height and cardiovascular disease. However, the background mechanism of this association has not yet been clarified. Height has also been reported to be positively associated with cancer. Therefore, well-known cardiovascular risk factors, such as increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are not the best explanations for this inverse association because these risk factors are also related to cancer. However, impaired blood flow is the main pathological problem in cardiovascular disease, while glowing feeding vessels (angiogenesis) are the main characteristic of cancer pathologies. Therefore, endothelial maintenance activity, especially for the productivity of hematopoietic stem cells such as CD34-positive cells, could be associated with the height of an individual because this cell contributes not only to the progression of atherosclerosis but also to the development of angiogenesis. In addition, recent studies have also revealed a close connection between bone marrow activity and endothelial maintenance; bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells contribute towards endothelial maintenance. Since the absolute volume of bone marrow is positively associated with height, height could influence endothelial maintenance activity. Based on these hypotheses, we performed several studies. The aim of this review is not only to discuss the association between height and bone marrow activity, but also to describe the potential mechanism underlying endothelial maintenance. In addition, this review also aims to explain some of the reasons that implicate hypertension as a major risk factor for stroke among the Japanese population. The review also aims to clarify the anthropological reasons behind the high risk of atherosclerosis progression in Japanese individuals with acquired genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hurh K, Park Y, Kim GR, Jang SI, Park EC. Associations of Handgrip Strength and Handgrip Strength Asymmetry With Depression in the Elderly in Korea: A Cross-sectional Study. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 54:63-72. [PMID: 33618501 PMCID: PMC7939759 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies have suggested that assessing handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry together with HGS may be helpful for evaluating problems in geriatric patients. This study aimed to identify whether HGS asymmetry, weakness, or both were associated with depression in Korean older adults. Methods This study included 4274 subjects from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The maximum HGS of the dominant hand was used as a representative value. HGS symmetry was categorized by the ratio of the HGS of the dominant hand to that of non-dominant hand. The odds ratio (OR) for depression was calculated according to the HGS and its symmetry. Results In total, 240 (12.5%) men and 534 (22.7%) women had depression. HGS or HGS asymmetry showed no statistically significant associations with depression in elderly men. Elevated odds of depression were observed in elderly women with low HGS (OR, 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 2.81) or prominent HGS asymmetry (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.08). There was a positive additive interaction between asymmetric HGS and weakness, as women with low and prominently asymmetric HGS showed higher odds of depression (OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.16 to 6.59) than women with high and symmetric HGS. Conclusions Depression in elderly Korean women was associated with both low and asymmetric HGS. Our findings support the potential value of HGS asymmetry as an indicator of HGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungduk Hurh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonsik Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu Ri Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Nomura Y, Shimada M, Kakuta E, Okada A, Otsuka R, Tomizawa Y, Taguchi C, Arikawa K, Daikoku H, Sato T, Hanada N. Mortality-and Health-Related Factors in a Community-Dwelling of Oldest-Older Adults at the Age of 90: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249584. [PMID: 33371399 PMCID: PMC7768389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mortality is obviously intended for epidemiological studies of community-dwelling older adults. There are several health-related factors associated with nutritional status and mortality. The aim of this study was to elucidate the risk factor for mortality in community-dwelling oldest-older adults at the age of 90 and clarify the structure of health-related factors associated with mortality. A 10-year follow-up study was performed for 93 subjects at the age of 90. The mean and median of their survival days were 2373 and 2581 days for women, and 1694 and 1793 days for men. By Cox's proportional hazards model, health-related factors associated with mortality were self-assessed for chewing ability, activities of daily living (ADLs), serum albumin, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, and gripping power for women but not for men. These factors interacted with each other, and the association of these factors was different in women and men. Self-assessed chewing ability was a powerful risk factor for mortality in women at the age of 90. It acted independently from nutritional status. For older adults, addressing healthy food choices together with improved oral functions is useful. However, risk factors for mortality may depend on the life stage of subjects. To investigate the risk factor for the mortality, the life course approach is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (A.O.); (R.O.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-580-8462
| | - Mieko Shimada
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba 261-0014, Japan;
| | - Erika Kakuta
- Department of Oral Bacteriology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
| | - Ayako Okada
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (A.O.); (R.O.); (N.H.)
| | - Ryoko Otsuka
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (A.O.); (R.O.); (N.H.)
| | - Yasuko Tomizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
| | - Chieko Taguchi
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Matsudo 470-2101, Japan; (C.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Kazumune Arikawa
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Matsudo 470-2101, Japan; (C.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Hideki Daikoku
- Iwate Dental Association, Morioka 020-0045, Japan; (H.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Tamotsu Sato
- Iwate Dental Association, Morioka 020-0045, Japan; (H.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (A.O.); (R.O.); (N.H.)
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Kim K, Ho JH. Handgrip Strength and Mortality in Elderly Koreans: Evidence From the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 32:302-309. [PMID: 32608248 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520937100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial research on numerous aspects of health in the elderly, past studies that examined the association between handgrip strength and mortality have been conducted with samples drawn mostly from Caucasian populations, and little is known about whether similar trends are found in non-Western contexts such as Korea. The present study drew data from KLoSA (Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging), a nationally representative sample of middle-aged adults, and followed up for a decade. Results from discrete-time event history analysis of mortality indicated that higher handgrip strength significantly reduces the likelihood of death in both men and women. Men in the highest third of handgrip strength were 53.9% less likely to experience death than those in the lowest third. Women followed a similar pattern: middle and high handgrip strength reduced the odds by 26.4% and 48.3%, respectively. These findings suggest that handgrip strength has a significant impact on elderly mortality and does so in a negatively gradient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keuntae Kim
- Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, South Korea
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Roh E, Choi KM. Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:332. [PMID: 32508753 PMCID: PMC7253580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical performance. Increased amounts of adipose tissue often accompany sarcopenia, a condition referred to as sarcopenic obesity. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among adults is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, the lack of a universal definition of sarcopenia limits comparisons between studies. Sarcopenia and obesity have similar pathophysiologic factors, including lifestyle behaviors, hormones, and immunological factors, all of which may synergistically affect the risk of developing a series of adverse health issues. Increasing evidence has shown that sarcopenic obesity is associated with accelerated functional decline and increased risks of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality. Therefore, the identification of sarcopenic obesity may be critical for clinicians in aging societies. In this review, we discuss the effect of sarcopenic obesity on multiple health outcomes and its role as a predictor of these outcomes based on the components of sarcopenia, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance.
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