1
|
Antar SA, Ashour NA, Hamouda AO, Noreddin AM, Al-Karmalawy AA. Recent advances in COVID-19-induced liver injury: causes, diagnosis, and management. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7. [PMID: 39126569 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the start of the pandemic, considerable advancements have been made in our understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated COVID-19 on the hepatic system. There is a broad range of clinical symptoms for COVID-19. It affects multiple systems and has a dominant lung illness depending on complications. The progression of COVID-19 in people with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) has also been studied in large multinational groups. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a higher risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with cirrhosis. In this review, the source, composition, mechanisms, transmission characteristics, clinical characteristics, therapy, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 were clarified and discussed, as well as the evolution and variations of the virus. This review briefly discusses the causes and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with CLD. As part of COVID-19, In addition, we assess the potential of liver biochemistry as a diagnostic tool examine the data on direct viral infection of liver cells, and investigate potential pathways driving SARS-CoV-2-related liver damage. Finally, we explore how the pandemic has had a significant impact on patient behaviors and hepatology services, which may increase the prevalence and severity of liver disease in the future. The topics encompassed in this review encompass the intricate relationships between SARS-CoV-2, liver health, and broader health management strategies, providing valuable insights for both current clinical practice and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Antar
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Nada A Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Amir O Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Noreddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California -Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao B, Wang X, Yin W, Gao Z, Xia B. The human microbiota is a beneficial reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 mutations. mBio 2024; 15:e0318723. [PMID: 38530031 PMCID: PMC11237538 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03187-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations are rapidly emerging. In particular, beneficial mutations in the spike (S) protein, which can either make a person more infectious or enable immunological escape, are providing a significant obstacle to the prevention and treatment of pandemics. However, how the virus acquires a high number of beneficial mutations in a short time remains a mystery. We demonstrate here that variations of concern may be mutated due in part to the influence of the human microbiome. We searched the National Center for Biotechnology Information database for homologous fragments (HFs) after finding a mutation and the six neighboring amino acids in a viral mutation fragment. Among the approximate 8,000 HFs obtained, 61 mutations in S and other outer membrane proteins were found in bacteria, accounting for 62% of all mutation sources, which is 12-fold higher than the natural variable proportion. A significant proportion of these bacterial species-roughly 70%-come from the human microbiota, are mainly found in the lung or gut, and share a composition pattern with COVID-19 patients. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase replicates corresponding bacterial mRNAs harboring mutations, producing chimeric RNAs. SARS-CoV-2 may collectively pick up mutations from the human microbiota that change the original virus's binding sites or antigenic determinants. Our study clarifies the evolving mutational mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations are rapidly emerging, in particular advantageous mutations in the spike (S) protein, which either increase transmissibility or lead to immune escape and are posing a major challenge to pandemic prevention and treatment. However, how the virus acquires a high number of advantageous mutations in a short time remains a mystery. Here, we provide evidence that the human microbiota is a reservoir of advantageous mutations and aids mutational evolution and host adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings demonstrate a conceptual breakthrough on the mutational evolution mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 for human adaptation. SARS-CoV-2 may grab advantageous mutations from the widely existing microorganisms in the host, which is undoubtedly an "efficient" manner. Our study might open a new perspective to understand the evolution of virus mutation, which has enormous implications for comprehending the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Guangya High School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Bingqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Desconsi D, Araujo JP, Furtado MD, Pimenta RA, Zani AV. Relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and COVID-19 infection in the pediatric population: a scoping review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2024; 58:e20230365. [PMID: 38743953 PMCID: PMC11126237 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0365en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map the evidence in the literature about the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and COVID-19 in the pediatric population. METHOD This is a scoping review following the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. The search was carried out on the following bases: Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, CINAHL, Scielo, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library Portal, between July and August 2023. Original studies available in full, in any language, were included. RESULTS Ten studies were chosen that pointed to three premises: (1) the ACE2 receptor is found in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract; (2) gastrointestinal symptoms are mediated by stress and infection is justified by the gut-brain axis; (3) it develops the process of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children, affecting the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSION The synthesis of evidence provided three assumptions which guide the origin of gastrointestinal symptoms. The identification of gastrointestinal symptoms in children affected by COVID-19 can assist in the clinical approach and management of care and treatments.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lang K. What do we know about covid-19's effects on the gut? BMJ 2024; 385:q842. [PMID: 38692677 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
|
5
|
Golzardi M, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Šutković J, Aydin O, Ünal-Aydın P, Bećirević T, Redwan EM, Rubio-Casillas A, Uversky VN. The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems. Biomedicines 2024; 12:913. [PMID: 38672267 PMCID: PMC11048001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50-70% are hospitalised. It has also been shown that 10-12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms are positively associated with the early intensity of the infection. RESULTS The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. The cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as conditions that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with the respiratory system in long-COVID causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. The renal system also was impacted, which resulted in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints linked to PASC. CONCLUSIONS Long-COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy, and more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golzardi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.G.); (J.Š.)
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.G.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jasmin Šutković
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.G.); (J.Š.)
| | - Orkun Aydin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (O.A.); (P.Ü.-A.)
| | - Pinar Ünal-Aydın
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (O.A.); (P.Ü.-A.)
| | - Tea Bećirević
- Atrijum Polyclinic, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trandafir LM, Spoiala EL, Ghiga G, Gimiga N, Budescu PD, Lupu VV, Butnariu L, Cojocaru E, Paduraru G. Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-From Expectations to Reality. J Pers Med 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 38673026 PMCID: PMC11051136 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have always been considered a threat to global health, with numerous outbreaks across time. Despite the relative recent experience with coronavirus-associated diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome-2's (SARS-CoV-2) continuous evolution displays a different behavior. With a tropism for both respiratory and digestive mucosa, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seem to share a particular common background. Current literature offers evidence that viral alteration of the immune system, inflammatory intestinal tissue damage, increased intestinal permeability, incomplete viral clearance with viral antigen persistence, and intestinal dysbiosis, might explain SARS-CoV-2-IBD relationship in terms of etiopathogenesis and evolution. The hyperinflammatory state that both entities have in common explains the lack of success of current IBD therapy, raising the need for new personalized therapeutic options, with better outcomes for IBD and COVID-19 as well. This review aims to summarize the current available data on pediatric IBD evolution, management, and outcomes in the post-COVID period, with an emphasis on the particular aspects of the SARS-CoV-2-IBD relationship in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (E.L.S.); (V.V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Lia Spoiala
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (E.L.S.); (V.V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriela Ghiga
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (E.L.S.); (V.V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Nicoleta Gimiga
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (E.L.S.); (V.V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Paula-Diana Budescu
- Saint Mary Children Hospital, Vasile Lupu Street, no 62-64, 700309 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (E.L.S.); (V.V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Lacramioara Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Paduraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (E.L.S.); (V.V.L.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He KY, Lei XY, Zhang L, Wu DH, Li JQ, Lu LY, Laila UE, Cui CY, Xu ZX, Jian YP. Development and management of gastrointestinal symptoms in long-term COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278479. [PMID: 38156008 PMCID: PMC10752947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence reveals that SARS-CoV-2 possesses the capability to disrupt the gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis, resulting in the long-term symptoms such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, and nausea. In the current review, we summarized recent reports regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19 (long COVID) on the gastrointestine. Objective To provide a narrative review of abundant clinical evidence regarding the development and management of long-term GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Results Long-term persistent digestive symptoms are exhibited in a majority of long-COVID patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection of intestinal epithelial cells, cytokine storm, gut dysbiosis, therapeutic drugs, psychological factors and exacerbation of primary underlying diseases lead to long-term GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics are proved to be beneficial in preserving intestinal microecological homeostasis and alleviating GI symptoms. Conclusion Timely diagnosis and treatment of GI symptoms in long-COVID patients hold great significance as they may contribute to the mitigation of severe conditions and ultimately lead to the improvement of outcomes of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dan-Hui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li-Yuan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Umm E. Laila
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Cui-Yun Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao Z, Pan M, Li X, Zhao C. Impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on gut microbiota dysbiosis. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 3:7. [PMID: 38455085 PMCID: PMC10917619 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The composition and function of the gut microbiota constantly influence health. Disruptions in this delicate balance, termed gut microbiota dysbiosis, have been implicated in various adverse health events. As the largest global epidemic since 1918, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had devastating consequences. While the primary impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been on the respiratory system, a growing body of research has unveiled the significant involvement of the gastrointestinal tract as well. Emerging evidence underscores notable alterations in the gut microbiome of COVID-19 patients. In addition, the gut microbiome is also characterized by an abundance of opportunistic pathogens, which is related to disease manifestations of COVID-19 patients. The intricate bidirectional interaction between the respiratory mucosa and the gut microbiota, known as the gut-lung axis, emerges as a crucial player in the pathological immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss microbiota-based gut characteristics of COVID-19 patients and the long-term consequences of gut microbiota dysregulation. These insights could potentially transform the development of long-term interventions for COVID-19, offering hope for improved outcomes and enhanced patient recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miaomiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Zhao Y, Feng X, Xu H. SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health: A review of potential mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12578-12596. [PMID: 35894645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great problems to mankind, including economic recession and poor health. COVID-19 patients are frequently reported with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in clinical diagnosis. Maintaining intestinal health is the key guarantee to maintain the normal function of multiple organs, otherwise it will be a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this review was deeply understanded the potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health and put forward reasonable treatment strategies. Combined with the existing researches, we summarized the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health, including intestinal microbiome disruption, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal oxidative stress and intestinal cytokine storm. These adverse intestinal events may affect other organs through the circulatory system or aggravate the course of the disease. Typically, intestinal disadvantage may promote the progression of SARS-CoV-2 through the gut-lung axis and increase the disease degree of COVID-19 patients. In view of the lack of specific drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the current review described new strategies of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and nutrients to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and maintain intestinal health. To provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naik R, Avula S, Palleti SK, Gummadi J, Ramachandran R, Chandramohan D, Dhillon G, Gill AS, Paiwal K, Shaik B, Balachandran M, Patel B, Gurugubelli S, Mariswamy Arun Kumar AK, Nanjundappa A, Bellamkonda M, Rathi K, Sakhamuri PL, Nassar M, Bali A. From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e48046. [PMID: 37916248 PMCID: PMC10617653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Initially, the China office of the World Health Organization was informed of numerous cases of pneumonia of unidentified etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province at the end of 2019. This would subsequently result in a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and millions of deaths reported to the WHO. We have analyzed most of the data published since the beginning of the pandemic to compile this comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2. We looked at the core ideas, such as the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathologic findings, consequences, therapies, and vaccines. We have also included the long-term effects and myths associated with some therapeutics of COVID-19. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines, medicines, and significant variants identified during the course of the pandemic. Our review article is intended to provide medical practitioners with a better understanding of the fundamental sciences, clinical treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. As of May 2023, this paper contains the most recent data made accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Naik
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
- Internal Medicine/Hospital Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes Barre, USA
| | - Sreekant Avula
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sujith K Palleti
- Nephrology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jyotsna Gummadi
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | - Gagandeep Dhillon
- Physician Executive MBA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center, Glen Burnie, USA
| | | | - Kapil Paiwal
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Daswani Dental College & Research Center, Kota, IND
| | - Bushra Shaik
- Internal Medicine, Onslow Memorial Hospital, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | - Bhumika Patel
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | | | - Mahita Bellamkonda
- Hospital Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Kanika Rathi
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Nassar
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Atul Bali
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, USA
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antony MA, Patel S, Verma V, Kant R. The Role of Gut Microbiome Supplementation in COVID-19 Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e46960. [PMID: 38021562 PMCID: PMC10640765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, which is caused by the RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2, mainly affects the respiratory system and has a varied clinical presentation. However, several studies have shown that COVID-19 can also affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Patients can experience various GI symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea, and the virus has been detected in the stool samples of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. There have also been rare reports of COVID-19 presenting with isolated GI symptoms and lack of respiratory symptoms, and the virus has also been detected for prolonged periods in the fecal samples of COVID-19 patients. Major alterations in the gut microbiome in the form of depletion of beneficial organisms and an abundance of pathogenic organisms have been reported in the fecal samples of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although the US FDA has approved several drugs to manage COVID-19, their efficacy remains modest. So, there is a constant ongoing effort to investigate novel treatment options for COVID-19. Health supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have been popularly known for their various health benefits. In this review, we have summarized the current literature, which shows the potential benefit of these health supplements to mitigate and/or prevent the clinical presentation of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mc Anto Antony
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina, Anderson, USA
| | - Siddharth Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Decatur Morgan Hospital, Decatur, USA
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Anderson, USA
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina, Anderson, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Awad AM, Hansen K, Del Rio D, Flores D, Barghash RF, Kakkola L, Julkunen I, Awad K. Insights into COVID-19: Perspectives on Drug Remedies and Host Cell Responses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1452. [PMID: 37892134 PMCID: PMC10604481 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the COVID-19 global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, ongoing research has centered on minimizing viral spread either by stopping viral entry or inhibiting viral replication. Repurposing antiviral drugs, typically nucleoside analogs, has proven successful at inhibiting virus replication. This review summarizes current information regarding coronavirus classification and characterization and presents the broad clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 activation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed in different human cell types. It provides publicly available knowledge on the chemical nature of proposed therapeutics and their target biomolecules to assist in the identification of potentially new drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Awad
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Kamryn Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Diana Del Rio
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Derek Flores
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Reham F. Barghash
- Institute of Chemical Industries Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Laura Kakkola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Kareem Awad
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martín Giménez VM, Modrego J, Gómez-Garre D, Manucha W, de las Heras N. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Modulation and Approaches for Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12249. [PMID: 37569625 PMCID: PMC10419057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical underlying mechanisms associated with COVID-19 that contribute to the complications and clinical deterioration of patients. Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to alter the composition of patients' gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased abundance of bacteria with probiotic effects. Interestingly, certain strains of these bacteria produce metabolites that can target the S protein of other coronaviruses, thereby preventing their transmission and harmful effects. At the same time, the presence of gut dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates the disease. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota can metabolize various foods and drugs, producing by-products that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. In this regard, a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, can influence the overall inflammatory and oxidative state, affecting the prevention, treatment, or worsening of COVID-19. This review aims to explore the current evidence regarding gut dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19, its association with inflammation and oxidative stress, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the potential of gut microbiota modulation in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that gut microbiota has demonstrated high adaptability, exploring ways and strategies to maintain good intestinal health, as well as an appropriate diversity and composition of the gut microbiome, becomes crucial in the battle against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan 5400, Argentina;
| | - Javier Modrego
- Laboratorio de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Microbiota, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre
- Laboratorio de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Microbiota, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina;
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou X, Sun W, Zhang Y, Gu H, Wang R, Xie P, Zhu Y, Qiu M, Ding X, Wang H, Gao Y, Li J. A novel hACE2 knock-in mouse model recapitulates pulmonary and intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175188. [PMID: 37350787 PMCID: PMC10283006 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter the host, and the gastrointestinal tract is a potential infection site as this receptor is expressed on it. Multiple studies have indicated that an increasing number of COVID-19 patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms that are highly associated with disease severity. Moreover, emerging evidence has demonstrated that alterations in the gut immune microenvironment induced by intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection can regulate respiratory symptoms. Therefore, targeting the intestines may be a candidate therapeutic strategy in patients with COVID-19; however, no mouse model can serve as an appropriate infection model for the development of fatal pneumonia while mimicking intestinal infection. In this study, a novel human ACE2 knock-in (KI) mouse model (or hACE2-KI) was systemically compared with the popular K18-hACE2 mice; it showed differences in the distribution of lung and intestinal infections and pathophysiological characteristics. These newly generated hACE2-KI mice were susceptible to intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2, and not only developed mild to severe lung injury, but also acquired intestinal infection. Consequently, this model can be a useful tool for studying intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing effective therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunkai Zhu
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minyue Qiu
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Department of Biosafety, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sha A, Liu Y, Zhao X. SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177741. [PMID: 37323898 PMCID: PMC10267706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide. Literature review SARS-CoV-2 invades not only the respiratory system, but also the digestive system, causing a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Significance Understanding the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the damage mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 to the gastrointestinal tracts and gastrointestinal glands are crucial to treating the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion This review summarizes the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, including gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, gastrointestinal ulcer diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, and gastrointestinal thrombotic diseases, etc. Furthermore, the mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury induced by SARS-COV-2 were analyzed and summarized, and the suggestions for drug prevention and treatment were put forward for the reference of clinical workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ribeiro IP, Nascimento LGD, Tort LFL, Pereira EC, Menezes LSR, Malta FC, Oliveira BCEPDD, Rodrigues JP, Manso PPDA, Pelajo M, Bonaldo MC, Silva PCR, Siqueira MM, Brasil P, Fumian TM. Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Particles from Rectal Swab Samples from COVID-19 Patients in Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051152. [PMID: 37243238 DOI: 10.3390/v15051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 viral excretion in rectal swab (RS), saliva, and nasopharyngeal swab (NS) samples from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic contacts. In addition, in order to evaluate the replication potential of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the excretion of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from feces, we investigated the presence of subgenomic nucleoprotein gene (N) mRNA (sgN) in RS samples and cytopathic effects in Vero cell culture. A prospective cohort study was performed to collect samples from symptomatic patients and contacts in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from May to October 2020. One hundred and seventy-six patients had samples collected at home visits and/or during the follow up, resulting in a total of 1633 RS, saliva, or NS samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 130 (73.9%) patients who had at least one sample that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The presence of replicating SARS-CoV-2 in RS samples, measured by the detection of sgN mRNA, was successfully achieved in 19.4% (6/31) of samples, whilst infectious SARS-CoV-2, measured by the generation of cytopathic effects in cell culture, was identified in only one RS sample. Although rare, our results demonstrated the replication capacity of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract, and infectious viruses in one RS sample. There is still a gap in the knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission. Additional studies are warranted to investigate fecal or wastewater exposure as a risk factor for transmission in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian Gonçalves do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Lopez Tort
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - Elisa Cavalcante Pereira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Souza Raphael Menezes
- Laboratório de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Correia Malta
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo de Abreu Manso
- Laboratório de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pelajo
- Laboratório de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Resende Silva
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Y, You Y, Liu Y, Geng L, Huang L, Zhou H, Piao X, Liu X, Wu M, Wang Y, Zhou L, Wang P, Shen S, Hu M, Han Z, Xue Z. Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in hospitalized children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China: a retrospective analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:264. [PMID: 37101288 PMCID: PMC10132404 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the related risk factors and potential predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion by describing the dynamics of viral shedding in infected children admitted to two hospitals from Shanghai during the Omicron variant outbreak. METHODS This retrospective cohort included laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Shanghai between March 28 and May 31, 2022. Clinical characteristics, personal vaccination, and household vaccination rates were collected through electronic health records and telephone interviews. RESULTS A total of 603 paediatric patients confirmed to have COVID-19 were included in this study. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to filter independent factors for the duration to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on the redetection of SARS-CoV-2 in the patients after they showed negative results on the RT‒PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analysed. The median duration of virus shedding was 12 (interquartile range, IQR: 10-14) days. The severity of clinical outcome, personal vaccination-2doses, household vaccination rates, and abnormal defecation were factors indecently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting that patients who had abnormal defecation or with more severe conditions would have delayed virological clearance, while patients who previously had 2 doses of vaccination or had higher household vaccination rates would have accelerated virological clearance. Loss of appetite (odds ratio (OR): 5.343; 95% CI: 3.307-8.632) and abnormal defecation (OR: 2.840; 95% CI: 1.736-4.645) were significantly associated with intermittent negative status. CONCLUSION These findings could provide clues for the early identification of paediatric patients with prolonged viral shedding and could enrich the evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies, especially vaccination policies for children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yannan You
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yazun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lina Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Piao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingyun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shiping Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingge Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhaopeng Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xue W, Honda M, Hibi T. Mechanisms of gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2283-2293. [PMID: 37124884 PMCID: PMC10134419 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i15.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global public health event, resulting in a significant social and economic burden. Although COVID-19 was initially characterized as an upper respiratory and pulmonary infection, recent evidence suggests that it is a complex disease including gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the gastrointestinal symptoms are caused by direct infection of the gastrointestinal tract by SARS-CoV-2 or are the result of systemic immune activation and subsequent dysregulation of homeostatic mechanisms. This review provides a brief overview of the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier including the mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, microbial barrier, and immune barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ezzatpour S, Mondragon Portocarrero ADC, Cardelle-Cobas A, Lamas A, López-Santamarina A, Miranda JM, Aguilar HC. The Human Gut Virome and Its Relationship with Nontransmissible Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:977. [PMID: 36839335 PMCID: PMC9960951 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract contains large communities of microorganisms that are in constant interaction with the host, playing an essential role in the regulation of several metabolic processes. Among the gut microbial communities, the gut bacteriome has been most widely studied in recent decades. However, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying the influences that other microbial groups can exert on the host. Among them, the gut virome is attracting great interest because viruses can interact with the host immune system and metabolic functions; this is also the case for phages, which interact with the bacterial microbiota. The antecedents of virome-rectification-based therapies among various diseases were also investigated. In the near future, stool metagenomic investigation should include the identification of bacteria and phages, as well as their correlation networks, to better understand gut microbiota activity in metabolic disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Ezzatpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alicia del Carmen Mondragon Portocarrero
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Aroa López-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen H, Peng J, Wang T, Wen J, Chen S, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115370. [PMID: 36481346 PMCID: PMC9721294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being the most prevalent risk factor. Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) under pathological conditions, leading to vascular remodeling and inflammation, is closely related to cardiovascular dysfunction. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (1-7), angiotensin (1-9), alamandine, proto-oncogene Mas receptor, angiotensin II type-2 receptor and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D. Each of these components has been shown to counteract the effects of the overactivated RAS. In this review, we summarize the latest insights into the complexity and interplay of the counter-regulatory RAS axis in hypertension, highlight the pathophysiological functions of ACE2, a multifunctional molecule linking hypertension and COVID-19, and discuss the function and therapeutic potential of targeting this counter-regulatory RAS axis to prevent and treat hypertension in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jielu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China,Corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tao S, Wang X, Yang X, Liu Y, Fu Z, Zhang L, Wang Z, Ni J, Shuai Z, Pan H. COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease crosstalk: From emerging association to clinical proposal. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5640-5652. [PMID: 35971954 PMCID: PMC9538900 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory inflammation that has emerged worldwide since December 2019, and it quickly became a global epidemic. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory diseases whose etiology has not been elucidated. The two have many overlapping symptoms in clinical presentation, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, pneumonia, etc. Imbalance of the autoimmune system in IBD patients and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs may increase the risk of infection; and systemic symptoms caused by COVID-19 may also induce or exacerbate intestinal inflammation. It has been found that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2, which is highly expressed in the lung and intestine, is an inflammatory protective factor, and is downregulated and upregulated in COVID-19 and IBD, respectively, suggesting that there may be a coregulatory pathway. In addition, the immune activation pattern of COVID-19 and the cytokine storm in the inflammatory response have similar roles in IBD, indicating that the two diseases may influence each other. Therefore, this review aimed to address the following research questions: whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the progression of IBD; whether IBD increases the risk of COVID-19 infection and poor prognosis; possible common mechanisms and genetic cross-linking between the two diseases; new treatment and care strategies for IBD patients, and the feasibility and risk of vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha‐Sha Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, First Clinical Medical CollegeAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiao‐Ke Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yu‐Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zi‐Yue Fu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Li‐Zhi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zhi‐Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zong‐Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hai‐Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rossini V, Tolosa-Enguis V, Frances-Cuesta C, Sanz Y. Gut microbiome and anti-viral immunity in COVID-19. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4587-4602. [PMID: 36382631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2143476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory system, but the gastrointestinal tract is also a target. Prolonged gut disorders, in COVID-19 patients, were correlated with decreased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, immune deregulation and delayed viral clearance. Although there are no definitive conclusions, ample evidence would suggest that the gut microbiome composition and function play a role in COVID-19 progression. Microbiome modulation strategies for population stratification and management of COVID-19 infection are under investigation, representing an area of interest in the ongoing pandemic. In this review, we present the existing data related to the interaction between gut microbes and the host's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the implications for current disease management and readiness to face future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rossini
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - V Tolosa-Enguis
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - C Frances-Cuesta
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaushik P, Kumari M, Singh NK, Suri A. The role of gut microbiota in etiopathogenesis of long COVID syndrome. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022:hmbci-2022-0079. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kaushik
- Biochemistry , SGT University , Gurugram , Haryana , India
| | | | | | - Arpita Suri
- Biochemistry , SGT University , Gurugram , Haryana , India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shen S, Gong M, Wang G, Dua K, Xu J, Xu X, Liu G. COVID-19 and Gut Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204409. [PMID: 36297092 PMCID: PMC9608818 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a pandemic and it has led to more than 620 million patients with 6.56 million deaths globally. Males are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and associated with a higher chance to develop severe COVID-19 than females. Aged people are at a high risk of COVID-19 infection, while young children have also increased cases. COVID-19 patients typically develop respiratory system pathologies, however symptoms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are also very common. Inflammatory cell recruitments and their secreted cytokines are found in the GI tract in COVID-19 patients. Microbiota changes are the key feature in COVID-19 patients with gut injury. Here, we review all current known mechanisms of COVID-19-induced gut injury, and the most acceptable one is that SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on host cells in the GI tract. Interestingly, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder, but the patients with IBD do not have the increased risk to develop COVID-19. There is currently no cure for COVID-19, but anti-viruses and monoclonal antibodies reduce viral load and shorten the recovery time of the disease. We summarize current therapeutics that target symptoms in the GI tract, including probiotics, ACE2 inhibitors and nutrients. These are promising therapeutic options for COVID-19-induced gut injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sj Shen
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Muxue Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medicine College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Stomatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
- School of Dental Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Chen F, Cheng J, Li Y, Wang J, Wang J, Liu C. The correlation between COVID-19 segmentation volume based on artificial intelligence technology and gastric wall edema: a multi-center study in Wuhan. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 2022; 5:223-231. [PMID: 36248345 PMCID: PMC9550593 DOI: 10.1007/s42058-022-00104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate manifestations of the gastric wall and related risk factors in COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms by CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and forty patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR were enrolled from January 2020 to April 2020. Patients showed gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Results of the initial laboratory examination were performed after admission. Chest CT was performed for all patients, with the lower bound including the gastric antrum. The volume of COVID-19 and lungs was segmented, and the ratio was calculated as follows: PV/LV = Volumepneumonia/Volumelungs. RESULTS Among the 240 patients, 109 presented with gastric wall edema (edema group), and 131 showed no gastric wall edema (non-edema group); the PV/LV values between the two groups were significantly different (P = 0.002). Univariate analysis revealed the following: fibrinogen (Fib), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and albumin (ALB) significantly differed between the two groups (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that only APTT had a negative effect on gastric wall edema (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 invades the gastrointestinal tract, gastric wall edema is the primary CT manifestation, and gastric wall edema is more likely to occur with a shorter APTT and severe pneumonia, with a slightly longer hospitalization time. Patients with gastric wall edema observed by CT should intervene early, which may improve digestive function, and further strengthen immune potency against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Fengxi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yiman Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Díaz LA, García-Salum T, Fuentes-López E, Reyes D, Ortiz J, Chahuan J, Levican J, Almonacid LI, Valenzuela GH, Serrano E, Budnik S, Gandara V, Gallardo A, Seydewitz MF, Ferrés M, Cofré C, Álvarez M, Pavez C, Candia R, Monrroy H, Espino A, Rada G, Ortiz L, Valderrama S, Salinas E, Toro A, Ortega M, Pizarro M, Medina RA, Riquelme A. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 detection and prolonged viral shedding in stools: A systematic review and cohort study. GASTROENTEROLOGÍA Y HEPATOLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 45. [PMCID: PMC9574026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastre.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Díaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara García-Salum
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-López
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Reyes
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Chahuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Levican
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo I. Almonacid
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo H. Valenzuela
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eileen Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sigall Budnik
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Gandara
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Gallardo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcela Ferrés
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Colomba Cofré
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Álvarez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pavez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Candia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Monrroy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Espino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Evidence Center, Cochrane Chile Associated Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Ortiz
- Evidence Center, Cochrane Chile Associated Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Valderrama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Salinas
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriana Toro
- Pediatric Service, Clínica UC San Carlos, Red Salud UC Christus, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Ortega
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Pizarro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A. Medina
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Corresponding authors
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brahma S, Naik A, Lordan R. Probiotics: A gut response to the COVID-19 pandemic but what does the evidence show? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:17-27. [PMID: 36184201 PMCID: PMC9393107 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), research has focused on understanding the etiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identifying and developing prophylactic and therapeutics strategies to manage the pandemic is still of critical importance. Among potential targets, the role of the gut and lung microbiomes in COVID-19 has been questioned. Consequently, probiotics were touted as potential prophylactics and therapeutics for COVID-19. In this review we highlight the role of the gut and lung microbiome in COVID-19 and potential mechanisms of action of probiotics. We also discuss the progress of ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 that aim to modulate the microbiome using probiotics in an effort to develop prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. To date, despite the large interest in this area of research, there is promising but limited evidence to suggest that probiotics are an effective prophylactic or treatment strategy for COVID-19. However, the role of the microbiome in pathogenesis and as a potential target for therapeutics of COVID-19 cannot be discounted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amruta Naik
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ke S, Weiss ST, Liu YY. Dissecting the role of the human microbiome in COVID-19 via metagenome-assembled genomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5235. [PMID: 36068270 PMCID: PMC9446638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily a respiratory disease caused by infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. However, little is known about the relation between the human microbiome and COVID-19, largely due to the fact that most previous studies fail to provide high taxonomic resolution to identify microbes that likely interact with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we used whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data together with assembly and binning strategies to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 514 COVID-19 related nasopharyngeal and fecal samples in six independent cohorts. We reconstructed a total of 11,584 medium-and high-quality microbial MAGs and obtained 5403 non-redundant MAGs (nrMAGs) with strain-level resolution. We found that there is a significant reduction of strain richness for many species in the gut microbiome of COVID-19 patients. The gut microbiome signatures can accurately distinguish COVID-19 cases from healthy controls and predict the progression of COVID-19. Moreover, we identified a set of nrMAGs with a putative causal role in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and revealed their functional pathways that potentially interact with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we demonstrated that the main findings of our study can be largely validated in three independent cohorts. The presented results highlight the importance of incorporating the human gut microbiome in our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bozzola E, Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Corsello G. The year 2021 in COVID-19 pandemic in children. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:161. [PMID: 36064605 PMCID: PMC9444079 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, the developments in the field of COVID-19 pandemic published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2021 are reflected. We describe progresses in SARS-CoV-2 transmission route, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and access to health care facilities in children. They led to substantial changes in the clinical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Department of Pediatric, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Pediatric Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Masanam MK, Cheney SM, Sutton W, Keyloun JW, Fitzgibbons S. COVID-19 infection and large intestinal perforation: A case series. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 98:107538. [PMID: 36027834 PMCID: PMC9395222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a viral illness characterized primarily by respiratory symptoms. However, patients with COVID-19 infection may also present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Subsequent complications can be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Methods This is a retrospective observational study of three COVID-19 positive patients who developed large intestinal perforations and an analysis of their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, surgical treatment and outcomes. Three patients aged 45, 51 and 82 years old presented to our institution between November 2021 and March 2022 and were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). All three patients received steroids and underwent surgery during their admission. None of our patients had prior history of bowel perforation or risks factors justifying their presentation. Presentation of cases Our first patient was found to have an ascending colon perforation and underwent right colon resection and end ileostomy. Our second patient was found to have a cecal perforation and underwent ileocecectomy with end ileostomy and mucus fistula creation. Our third patient was found to have a large cecal perforation and underwent right hemicolectomy and was left in discontinuity during the index operation. Discussion GI perforation is a less common but serious extra-pulmonary complication of COVID-19. The cases in the present study involve ascending colon perforations in the setting of active COVID-19 infection that occurred within two to five weeks after initial COVID-19 diagnosis. Given viral replication in GI cells, the local inflammatory effect of viral infection in the GI may play a role in bowel perforation. Providers should additionally be aware of the risk of perforation with steroids and immunomodulators. Immunosuppressive effects of these therapies may mask the classical signs of abdominal sepsis and lead to possible missed diagnoses. Conclusion Gastrointestinal perforation is a rare but serious complication of COVID-19 infection. A high degree of clinical suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and management. Gastrointestinal perforation is a rare but serious complication of COVID-19 infection In this case series, ascending colon perforation occurs in each case within two to five weeks of initial COVID-19 diagnosis Steroids and immunomodulators pose additional risk of perforation and may mask the classical signs of abdominal sepsis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika K Masanam
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah M Cheney
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Whitney Sutton
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John W Keyloun
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shimae Fitzgibbons
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao W, Li Y, Xie R, Dong Y, Wei Y, Cheng C, Lowe S, Sun C, Wang C, Gao J. Real-World Evidence for COVID-19 Delta Variant's Effects on the Digestive System and Protection of Inactivated Vaccines from a Medical Center in Yangzhou, China: A Retrospective Observational Study. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:7405448. [PMID: 36052305 PMCID: PMC9417746 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7405448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly disseminated worldwide, and it continues to threaten global public health. Recently, the Delta variant has emerged as the most dreaded variant worldwide. COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory tract, and studies have reported the transient effects of COVID-19 on digestive system function. However, the relationship between the severity of the Delta variant and digestive system function remains to be investigated. Additionally, data on the ability of the inactive Chinese vaccines (Sinovac or Sinopharm) to protect against the Delta variant or COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the real world are insufficient. Thus, the present retrospective observational study first attempted to use the total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores (GSRS) to quantify the possible changes in digestive system functions following the Delta variant infection in the early stage. In addition, the study discusses the potential of inactivated vaccines in preventing severe or critical symptoms or Delta variant-induced digestive system dysfunction. Methods To evaluate the difference between mild illness group, moderate illness group, and severe or critical illness group, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the three groups' total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores (GSRS). A chi-squared test was used to compare the differences in the ratio of the abnormal biochemical measurements among the three groups first. Then, the percentage of the vaccinated population was compared among the three groups. Additionally, the ratio of the abnormal serum markers between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated cohorts was compared. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Significant differences were observed in the abnormal ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ratio among the three groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the abnormal serum markers ratio between day 14 and day 21 after treatment (P > 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the total GSRS scores among the three groups and the ratio of the vaccinated population among the three groups (P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the ratio of the abnormal serum ALT and AST levels between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated cohorts (P < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, serum AST, DBIL, LDH, and IL-6 levels are potential markers for distinguishing severe or critical patients in the early stage of the Delta variant infection. Additionally, changes in the levels of these serum makers are transient, and the levels can return to normal after treatment. Furthermore, severe gastrointestinal discomfort was significantly more prevalent in patients with severe or critical diseases and should thus be considered in patients diagnosed with Delta variant infection. Finally, inactivated vaccines may prevent severe or critical symptoms and Delta variant-induced liver dysfunction. Vaccination programs must be promoted to protect public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruijin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuying Dong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ce Cheng
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, ARI, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- Kansas City University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cunjin Wang
- Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Metabolite, protein, and tissue dysfunction associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12204. [PMID: 35842456 PMCID: PMC9288092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are direct products of the genome and metabolites are functional products of interactions between the host and other factors such as environment, disease state, clinical information, etc. Omics data, including proteins and metabolites, are useful in characterizing biological processes underlying COVID-19 along with patient data and clinical information, yet few methods are available to effectively analyze such diverse and unstructured data. Using an integrated approach that combines proteomics and metabolomics data, we investigated the changes in metabolites and proteins in relation to patient characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and health outcome) and clinical information (e.g., metabolic panel and complete blood count test results). We found significant enrichment of biological indicators of lung, liver, and gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with disease severity using publicly available metabolite and protein profiles. Our analyses specifically identified enriched proteins that play a critical role in responses to injury or infection within these anatomical sites, but may contribute to excessive systemic inflammation within the context of COVID-19. Furthermore, we have used this information in conjunction with machine learning algorithms to predict the health status of patients presenting symptoms of COVID-19. This work provides a roadmap for understanding the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms that drive disease severity, progression, and treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cao Z, Sugimura N, Burgermeister E, Ebert MP, Zuo T, Lan P. The gut virome: A new microbiome component in health and disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104113. [PMID: 35753153 PMCID: PMC9240800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbours an abundance of viruses, collectively known as the gut virome. The gut virome is highly heterogeneous across populations and is linked to geography, ethnicity, diet, lifestyle, and urbanisation. The currently known function of the gut virome varies greatly across human populations, and much remains unknown. We review current literature on the human gut virome, and the intricate trans-kingdom interplay among gut viruses, bacteria, and the mammalian host underlying health and diseases. We summarise evidence on the use of the gut virome as diagnostic markers and a therapeutic target. We shed light on novel avenues of microbiome-inspired diagnosis and therapies. We also review pre-clinical and clinical studies on gut virome-rectification-based therapies, including faecal microbiota transplantation, faecal virome transplantation, and refined phage therapy. Our review suggests that future research effort should focus on unravelling the mechanisms exerted by gut viruses/phages in human pathophysiology, and on developing phage-prompted precision therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Cao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naoki Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, Mannheim, Germany; Mannheim Cancer Centre (MCC), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tao Zuo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaiyasah H, Fardan H, Bashir O, Hussein M, Alsubbah H, Dabal LA. Hepatic and gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and relationship with disease severity: a single-centre experience. IJID REGIONS 2022; 3:143-149. [PMID: 35720151 PMCID: PMC8975601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019. While the infection is commonly perceived as a respiratory disease, gastrointestinal complaints have been described in a significant number of patients since the beginning of the pandemic. This study investigated the prevalence of hepatic and gastrointestinal manifestations among patients with COVID-19 in terms of symptoms and biochemical findings, and the relationship with disease severity and outcomes. Methods Patients admitted to a tertiary medical centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, between March and June 2020, with COVID-19 were analysed retrospectively. Patients were stratified into two main groups based on the presence or absence of hepatic and gastrointestinal manifestations. Results Among 521 eligible patients, 119 patients (22.8%) had gastrointestinal manifestations, and the majority of patients were middle-aged males (90%). The most common symptom was diarrhoea, followed by vomiting and abdominal pain. The most commonly observed biochemical abnormality was raised alanine transferase. No differences in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia or overall mortality rate were found between the two groups. However, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, even those without hepatic or gastrointestinal manifestations, had longer hospital stays (P<0.05) and other infection-related complications. Conclusion This paper adds to the literature on the extrapulmonary manifestations of SARS-CoV- 2 with a focus on the hepatic and gastrointestinal systems. The presence of hepatic and gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with COVID-19 at hospital admission was not associated with increased severity of COVID-19 pneumonia or overall mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadiel Kaiyasah
- Department of General Surgery, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hana Fardan
- Department of General Surgery, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oghowan Bashir
- Department of Cardiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawada Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamzeh Alsubbah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Al Dabal
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gastrointestinal Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061188. [PMID: 35746659 PMCID: PMC9228950 DOI: 10.3390/v14061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a virus that primarily results in mild or asymptomatic disease, making its transmission more challenging to control. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 also infects the digestive tract. Some gastrointestinal symptoms occur with or before respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Respiratory infections are known to cause intestinal immune impairment and gastrointestinal symptoms. When the intestine is inflamed, cytokines affect the lung immune response and inflammation through blood circulation. The gastrointestinal microbiome may be a modifiable factor in determining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. The development of oral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates and the maintenance of gut microbiota profiles may contribute to the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks. To this end, this review summarizes information on the gastrointestinal complications caused by SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 infection, the gastrointestinal–lung axis immune response, potential control strategies for oral vaccine candidates and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Lin S, Dai X, Yan H, Ge Z, Ren Q, Wang H, Zhu F, Wang S. Traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19: Role of the gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112787. [PMID: 35279010 PMCID: PMC8901378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it has become a public health concern worldwide. In addition to respiratory symptoms, some COVID‑19 patients also show various gastrointestinal symptoms and even consider gastrointestinal symptoms to be the first manifestation. A large amount of evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection could disrupt the gut microbiota balance, and disorders of the gut microbiota could aggravate the condition of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, maintaining the gut microbiota balance is expected to become a potential new therapeutic target for treating COVID-19. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effects in all stages of the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. It can adjust the gut microbiota and is an ideal intestinal microecological regulator. This review summarizes the advantages and clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 and expounds on the relationship between TCM and the gut microbiota, the relationship between COVID-19 and the gut microbiota, the mechanism of gut microbiota disorders induced by SARS-CoV-2, the relationship between cytokine storms and the gut microbiota, and the role and mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating COVID-19 by regulating the gut microbiota to provide new research ideas for TCM in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiangdong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Zhao Ge
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Qiuan Ren
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Hui Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang M, Qin K, Zhai X. Combined Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Verification Approach to Investigate the Potential Mechanisms of Polydatin Against COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221095352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to human health and there is an urgent need for drug development. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of polydatin against COVID-19. Methods: A combined approach of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification were employed in this study. Potential targets of polydatin for treating COVID-19 were obtained from multiple drug and disease databases. Protein–protein interaction and enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential mechanism of action of polydatin against COVID-19. The binding potential of polydatin and key targets was evaluated through molecular docking. Furthermore, experimental methods including flow cytometry and luciferase assay were used to validate the results of computational analyses. Results: The main diseases identified as polydatin targets included metabolic diseases, lung diseases, inflammation, infectious diseases, and tumors. Polydatin may be used to treat COVID-19 through interventions that alter the immune and inflammatory responses, including IL-17 signaling pathway, T-cell activation, cytokines and inflammatory response, lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) innate immunity evasion and cell-specific immune response. Polydatin can potentially bind to the target proteins related to COVID-19, such as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, RdRp, and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), while directly exerting its regulatory or therapeutic functions. The experimental results showed that polydatin decreased the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus in HEK293T-ACE2 cells. Accordingly, polydatin may retard the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells by competitively binding to human ACE2. Conclusion: The potential targets and signaling pathways of polydatin against COVID-19 were preliminarily identified. The findings may benefit the development and application of polydatin as a treatment for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaijian Qin
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu L, Yang CS, Liu Y, Zhang X. Effective Regulation of Gut Microbiota With Probiotics and Prebiotics May Prevent or Alleviate COVID-19 Through the Gut-Lung Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895193. [PMID: 35548347 PMCID: PMC9081431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can disrupt the gut microbiota balance, and patients usually have intestinal disorders. The intestine is the largest immune organ of the human body, and gut microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. Many lines of evidence support the role of beneficial bacteria in enhancing human immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, and thereby reducing the incidence and severity of infection. In this article, we review the possible approach of modulating microbiota to help prevent and treat respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and discuss the possibility of using probiotics and prebiotics for this purpose. We also discuss the mechanism by which intestinal micro-flora regulate immunity and the effects of probiotics on the intestinal micro-ecological balance. Based on this understanding, we propose the use of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota for the prevention or alleviation of COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hong W, Peng X, Zhou X, Li P, Ye Z, Liang W. FXR/ASS1 axis attenuates the TAA-induced liver injury through arginine metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 611:31-37. [PMID: 35477090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that arginine biosynthesis was frequently impaired in acute liver injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we found that Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), a rate-limiting enzyme in arginine metabolism, was downregulated in the TAA-induced liver injury model. Single-cell RNA-seq data found that ASS1 was highly enriched in the hepatocytes. The reduction of ASS1 was attributed to the decreased expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which is a bile acid-activated nuclear hormone receptor with high expression in the liver. Subsequent studies demonstrated that activation of FXR by its agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) directly promoted ASS1 transcription and enhanced arginine synthesis, leading to the alleviation of TAA-mediated liver injury. Further experiments found that OCA, ASS1, and arginine supplement can rescue TAA-mediated hepatocytes apoptosis by decreasing the protein levels of Cyto C, PARP, and Caspase 3. Taken together, our study illustrated a protective role of the FXR/ASS1 axis in TAA-induced liver injury by targeting arginine metabolism, which might shed light on the development of novel therapeutic approaches for acute liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Hong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuyun Peng
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Panlong Li
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Weicheng Liang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Contribution of CD4+ T cell mediated inflammation to diarrhoea in patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:1-11. [PMID: 35398299 PMCID: PMC8985416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the role of CD4+ T cells in the mechanisms of COVID-19 related diarrhoea. METHODS Lymphocyte subsets were analysed in COVID-19 patients, and the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and CD4+ T cell-related indicators in the colon were compared between patients with and without diarrhoea. Correlation analyses were performed for ACE2 and other indicators to identify the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and CD4+ mediated inflammation. The expression and distribution of CD4+ T cell-associated chemokines and their receptors were detected to determine the possibility of migration of CD4+ T cells to inflammation sites. RESULTS The CD4+ T cell counts and percentages and CD4/CD8 ratio showed the most significant differences between the two groups. The diarrhoea group expressed higher levels of ACE2, Tbet, and TNFα at both the mRNA and protein levels, with no difference from the non-diarrhoea group for the percentage of ACE2+TNFα+ cells, indicating an indirect association between ACE2 and TNFα. The mRNA expression of CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3, and the number of CD4+CXCR3+T cells was increased in the diarrhoea group. CONCLUSIONS CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammation may contribute to COVID-19 related diarrhoea. CXCR3+ mediated migration of CD4+ T cells into the gut may perpetuate inflammation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Romero-Luna HE, Hernández-Mendoza A, González-Córdova AF, Peredo-Lovillo A. Bioactive peptides produced by engineered probiotics and other food-grade bacteria: A review. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100196. [PMID: 35498967 PMCID: PMC9039921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology improves probiotics therapeutic approaches. Engineering technologies contribute to design probiotics mechanisms of action. Edition of proteolytic systems induce the generation of specific bioactive peptides. Engineered probiotics should be evaluated as therapeutic agents in clinical trials. Therapeutical and technological uses of engineered probiotics are still controversial.
Synthetic biology is employed for the study and design of engineered microbes with new and improved therapeutic functions. The main advantage of synthetic biology is the selective genetic manipulation of living organisms with desirable beneficial effects such as probiotics. Engineering technologies have contributed to the edition of metabolic processes involved in the mechanisms of action of probiotics, such as the generation of bioactive peptides. Hence, current information related to bioactive peptides, produced by different engineering probiotics, with antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activities, as well as their potential use as functional ingredients, is discussed here. Besides, the effectiveness and safety aspects of these bioactive peptides were also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydee Eliza Romero-Luna
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa, Xalapa 91096, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Aarón Fernando González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Audry Peredo-Lovillo
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa, Xalapa 91096, Veracruz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cordeiro A, Ribamar A, Ramalho A. Adipose tissue dysfunction and MAFLD in obesity on the scene of COVID-19. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101807. [PMID: 34543756 PMCID: PMC8447553 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for respiratory infection and many other chronic diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, it has been considered an important and independent predictor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications in adults, especially cardiopulmonary, presenting in a great number of individuals in critical care. In obesity, adipose tissue (AT) undergoes expansion via several processes: expansion of adipocytes and insufficient vascularization lead to hypoxia; adipocyte apoptosis/necrosis; irregular fatty acid flux; and enhanced secretion of inflammatory adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines. In individuals with obesity the liver can also become a target of COVID-19 infection, although major liver damage is uncommon. COVID-19 acute pandemic often develops in patients with major metabolic abnormalities, including fatty liver disease, which is part of a chronic pandemic together with body fat accumulation. During metabolic abnormalities, the expansion of metabolically active fat parallels chronic inflammatory changes, the development of Insulin Resistance (IR), and in the liver, the accumulation of fat, possibly, an underlying fibrosis. SARS-Cov-2 virus might affect the liver by direct or indirect mechanisms. The current epidemic of obesity and related metabolic diseases has extensively contributed to increase the number of severe cases and deaths from COVID-19, resulting in a health, political and economic crisis with long-lasting consequences. In this review, the authors explore the relationship between AT dysfunction and MAFLD in obesity on the scene of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adryana Cordeiro
- Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Amanda Ribamar
- Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Efficacy of Probiotics-Based Interventions as Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3546-3567. [PMID: 35844369 PMCID: PMC9280206 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. play an important role in human health as they embark beneficial effect on the human gastrointestinal microflora composition and immune system. Dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as a major contributor to chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Higher prevalence of IBD is often recorded in most of the developed Western countries, but recent data has shown an increase in previously regarded as lower risk regions, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Although the IBD etiology remains a subject of speculation, the disease is likely to have developed because of interaction between extrinsic environmental elements; the host’s immune system, and the gut microbial composition. Compared to conventional treatments, probiotics and probiotic-based interventions including the introduction of specific prebiotics, symbiotic and postbiotic products had been demonstrated as more promising therapeutic measures. The present review discusses the association between gut dysbiosis, the pathogenesis of IBD, and risk factors leading to gut dysbiosis. In addition, it discusses recent studies focused on the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiome as an effective therapy for IBD. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other viral infections on IBD are also discussed in this review. Clinical and animal-based studies have shown that probiotic-based therapies can restore the gastrointestinal microbiota balance and reduce gut inflammations. Therefore, this review also assesses the status quo of these microbial-based therapies for the treatment of IBD. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions on modulating altered gut microbiota is required to enhance the effectiveness of the IBD therapeutics.
Collapse
|
44
|
Schult D, Reitmeier S, Koyumdzhieva P, Lahmer T, Middelhof M, Erber J, Schneider J, Kager J, Frolova M, Horstmann J, Fricke L, Steiger K, Jesinghaus M, Janssen KP, Protzer U, Neuhaus K, Schmid RM, Haller D, Quante M. Gut bacterial dysbiosis and instability is associated with the onset of complications and mortality in COVID-19. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2031840. [PMID: 35174781 PMCID: PMC8855857 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2031840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing debate about the involvement of the gut microbiome in COVID-19, although it is not conclusively understood whether the microbiome has an impact on COVID-19, or vice versa, especially as analysis of amplicon data in hospitalized patients requires sophisticated cohort recruitment and integration of clinical parameters. Here, we analyzed fecal and saliva samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected and post COVID-19 patients and controls considering multiple influencing factors during hospitalization. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal and saliva samples from 108 COVID-19 and 22 post COVID-19 patients, 20 pneumonia controls and 26 asymptomatic controls. Patients were recruited over the first and second corona wave in Germany and detailed clinical parameters were considered. Serial samples per individual allowed intra-individual analysis. We found the gut and oral microbiota to be altered depending on number and type of COVID-19-associated complications and disease severity. The occurrence of individual complications was correlated with low-risk (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausznitzii) and high-risk bacteria (e.g., Parabacteroides ssp.). We demonstrated that a stable gut bacterial composition was associated with a favorable disease progression. Based on gut microbial profiles, we identified a model to estimate mortality in COVID-19. Gut microbiota are associated with the occurrence of complications in COVID-19 and may thereby influencing disease severity. A stable gut microbial composition may contribute to a favorable disease progression and using bacterial signatures to estimate mortality could contribute to diagnostic approaches. Importantly, we highlight challenges in the analysis of microbial data in the context of hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schult
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- Ziel - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Plamena Koyumdzhieva
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Lahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhof
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Kager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Frolova
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Horstmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Fricke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Ziel - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Ziel - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,CONTACT Michael Quante Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg79106, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nuccetelli M, Pieri M, Gisone F, Bernardini S. Combined anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, and IgM Detection as a Better Strategy to Prevent Second Infection Spreading Waves. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:233-245. [PMID: 32945214 PMCID: PMC7544959 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1823407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is challenging many health, economic, and social systems. RT-PCR assays are diagnosis gold standard; however, they can lead to false-negative results. Therefore, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgM, and IgA investigation can play a complementary role in assessing the individuals immune status. Majority of serological tests focus on IgM and IgG although IgA are the main immunoglobulins involved in mucosal immunity. It has been reported that digestive symptoms may occur in the absence of any typical respiratory symptom. Thus, a complete screening, comprising IgA, IgM, and IgG detection could be more consistent and useful in patients with atypical symptoms or in paucisymptomatic cases. Current literature describes over 200 immunoassays available worldwide, pointing out a great results variability, depending on methodology or antigens' nature. In our study we evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG trend on a control group and on two COVID-19 patient groups (early and late infection time) with a lateral-flow combined immunoassay (LFIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dissimilar antibodies time kinetics have been described in COVID-19 (decreasing IgM concentration with IgA/IgG persistence for a longer time; as well as persistent IgA, IgG, and IgM concentration); our results confirmed both of them depending on the methodology; therefore, it is difficult to compare different studies outcomes, suggesting the importance of a serological tests international standardization. Nevertheless, we propose a flowchart with combined anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM/IgA detection as a screening on general population, where serological positivity should be considered as an "alert," to avoid and contain possible new outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gisone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IFCC, Department of Emerging Technologies,
Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ghani S, Kalantari S, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Sameni M, Poursheykhi H, Dadashkhan S, Abbasi M, Zali H. Specific Regulatory Motifs Network in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Caco-2 Cell Line, as a Model of Gastrointestinal Infections. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:26-37. [PMID: 35100036 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was primarily noted as a respiratory pathogen, but later clinical reports highlighted its extrapulmonary effects particularly on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of the current study was the prediction of crucial genes associated with the regulatory network motifs, probably responsible for the SARS-CoV-2 effects on the GI tract. The data were obtained from a published study on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the Caco-2 (colon carcinoma) cell line. We used transcription factors-microRNA-gene interaction databases to find the key regulatory molecules, then analyzed the data using the FANMOD software for detection of the crucial regulatory motifs. Cytoscape software was then used to construct and analyze the regulatory network of these motifs and identify their crucial genes. Finally, GEPIA2 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2) and UALCAN datasets were used to evaluate the possible relationship between crucial genes and colon cancer development. Using bioinformatics tools, we demonstrated one 3edge feed-forward loop motifs and recognized 10 crucial genes in relationship with Caco-2 cell infected by SARS-CoV-2, including SP1, TSC22D2, POU2F1, REST, NFIC, CHD7, E2F1, CEBPA, TCF7L2, and TSC22D1. The box plot analysis indicated the significant overexpression of CEBPA in colon cancer compared to normal colon tissues, while it was in contrast with the results of stage plot. However, the overall survival analysis indicated that high expression of CEBPA has positive effect on colon cancer patient survivability, verifying the results of CEBPA stage plot. We predict that the SARS-CoV-2 GI infections may cause a serious risk in colon cancer patients. However, further experimental studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ghani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kalantari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sameni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poursheykhi
- Department of New Scientist, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dadashkhan
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sultan K, Durbin L, Bhardwaj R, Mackey J, Becher N, Abureesh M, Lakhani K, Mone A, Abergel J, Trindade A, Korelitz BI, Swaminath A. Corticosteroid and Biologic Use Not Associated With Adverse Outcomes for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. Gastroenterology Res 2022; 14:324-333. [PMID: 35059066 PMCID: PMC8734496 DOI: 10.14740/gr1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, studies investigating the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient experience with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have consistently reported that the observed rate of COVID-19 within this population is similar to the general population. Limited research has suggested that corticosteroid use in the IBD population may be associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, but it is still yet to be determined if specific IBD-related clinical factors are associated with worse outcomes. Our goal was to describe clinical COVID-19 outcomes for IBD patients and to identify the clinical factors that may be associated with worse outcomes. Methods In this retrospective study, we utilized the inpatient database within the largest hospital network in the New York City Metropolitan area to identify all IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19. Results Of 83 IBD/COVID-19 patients presenting to a hospital network emergency room, 56 were hospitalized. Overall, 19.6% of hospitalized IBD patients died, compared with 22.2% of all hospital system COVID-19 patients during the time period. There was no association between pre-admission corticosteroid use or biologic treatment with a severe course of COVID-19. Conclusions In contrast to some prior reports, we did not observe an association of pre-admission corticosteroid use and adverse outcomes. While the mortality rate was high for IBD/COVID-19 patients, it was not greater than that for hospitalized COVID-19 patients generally. Though our results are encouraging, we continue to support the recommendations of the leading gastrointestinal and IBD societies to regard our patients as “at risk”, and to observe caution in their care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Sultan
- Division of Gastroenterology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Laura Durbin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Richa Bhardwaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - James Mackey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Noah Becher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave., Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Mohammad Abureesh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave., Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Komal Lakhani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Anjali Mone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Jeffrey Abergel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave., Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Arvind Trindade
- Division of Gastroenterology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Burton I Korelitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Arun Swaminath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, East 77th St., New York, NY 10075, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sonkar C, Hase V, Banerjee D, Kumar A, Kumar R, Jha HC. Post COVID-19 Complications, Adjunct Therapy Explored, And Steroidal After Effects. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For survivors of the COVID-19 disease, defeating the virus is just the beginning of a long road to recovery. The virus’s inducibility and catastrophic effects are distributed in multiple organs. The induction of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients is due to the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the host receptor, leading to various immunopathological consequences that might eventually lead to death. So far, it has hit tons of people across the world, but there is still no effective treatment. Patients facing the complications of COVID-19 after recovering have shown extensive clinical symptoms similar to previously circulating coronaviruses. Previous knowledge, and literature have opened up ways to treat this disease and manage post-COVID-19 complications, which poses a severe challenge to health system globally and may exacerbate the fragmentation of diseases. The use of steroids, as a treatment, showed various health problems and side-effects in COVID-19 patients. This review substantially discusses various post-COVID-19 complications observed, adjunctive therapies used along with common COVID-19treatment and spotlighted their side effects and consequences. This review provides latest literature on COVID-19 which emphasizes the subsequent complications in various organs, side-effects of drug, and alternative regimes that were used to treat COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sonkar
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 226957, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indore, India, 452017
| | - Vaishnavi Hase
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 226957, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indore, India
| | - Durba Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology (SOB), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- National Institute of Technology, 54702, Department of Biotechnology, Raipur, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology, 28692, Department of Physics, Dhanbad, India, 826004
| | - Hem C. Jha
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 226957, Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Simrol-453552, Indore, India, 452017
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Viana MV, Pantet O, Charrière M, Favre D, Piquilloud L, Schneider AG, Hurni C, Berger MM. Specific nutritional and metabolic characteristics of COVID‐19 persistent critically ill patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1149-1159. [PMID: 35048374 PMCID: PMC9015259 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Little is known about metabolic and nutrition characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and persistent critical illness. We aimed to compare those characteristics in patients with PCI and COVID‐19 and patients without COVID‐19 infection (non‐CO)—primarily, their energy balance. Methods This is a prospective observational study including two consecutive cohorts, defined as needing intubation for >10 days. We collected demographic data, severity scores, nutrition variables, length of stay, and mortality. Results Altogether, 104 patients (52 per group) were included (59 ± 14 years old [mean ± SD], 75% men) between July 2019 and May 2020. SAPSII, Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) score, proportion of obese patients, duration of intubation (18.2 ± 11.7 days), and mortality rates were similar. Patients with COVID‐19 (vs non‐CO) had lower SOFA scores (P = 0.013) and more frequently needed prone position (P < 0.0001) and neuromuscular blockade (P < 0.0001): lengths of ICU (P = 0.03) and hospital stays were shorter (P < 0.0001). Prescribed energy targets were below those of the ICU protocol. The energy balance of patients with COVID‐19 was significantly more negative after day 10. Enteral nutrition (EN) started earlier (P < 0.0001). During the first 10 days, COVID‐19 patients received more lipid (propofol sedation) and less protein. Higher admission C‐reactive protein (P = 0.002) decreased faster (P < 0.001). Whereas intestinal function was characterized by constipation in both groups during the first 10 days, diarrhea was less common in patients with COVID‐19 thereafter. Conclusion Compared with non‐CO patients, COVID‐19 patients were not more obese, had lower SOFA scores, and were fed more rapidly with EN, because of a more normal gastrointestinal function possibly due to fewer non–respiratory organ failures: their energy balances were more negative after the first 10 days. Propofol sedation reduced protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Viana
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
- Critical Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Olivier Pantet
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Charrière
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
- Clinical Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Doris Favre
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
- Clinical Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lise Piquilloud
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Antoine G Schneider
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Claire‐Anne Hurni
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mette M Berger
- Service of Adult Intensive care Medicine Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Díaz LA, García-Salum T, Fuentes-López E, Reyes D, Ortiz J, Chahuan J, Levican J, Almonacid LI, Valenzuela GH, Serrano E, Budnik S, Gandara V, Gallardo A, Seydewitz MF, Ferrés M, Cofré C, Álvarez M, Pavez C, Candia R, Monrroy H, Espino A, Rada G, Ortiz L, Valderrama S, Salinas E, Toro A, Ortega M, Pizarro M, Medina RA, Riquelme A. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 detection and prolonged viral shedding in stools: A Systematic Review and Cohort Study. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2022; 45:593-604. [PMID: 35077722 PMCID: PMC8783395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|