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Ede MO, Okeke CI. Testing the Impacts of Rational-Emotive Couple Intervention in a Sample of Parents Seeking Divorce. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1652-1677. [PMID: 38900859 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Marital burnout has not been extensively studied despite its huge consequences on family wellbeing and quality of family life. This study, using randomised-controlled trial, tested the impact of rational-emotive couple intervention on marital burnout in a sample of parents seeking a divorce. A total of 67 parents who participated during the rational-emotive couple intervention (RECI) were assessed using the marital burnout scale, Beck depression inventory, and parent rational and irrational beliefs scale. Crosstabulation, multivariate test analysis, and bivariate analysis were used to analyse the data collected. Results show a significant reduction of marital burnout in RECI group participants, and significant improvement was maintained at the follow-up stage. The result of the group and gender interaction effect shows no significant interaction effect of group and gender on participants' marital burnout at Time two and Time 3, respectively. The results indicate that a decrease in parents' irrational beliefs accounts for marital burnout among couples seeking a divorce. Marital burnout is positively associated with depression among couples seeking a divorce. This study concludes that the RECI is an effective intervention that reduces marital burnout which is a direct consequence of irrational beliefs which later metamorphose into depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Onyemaechi Ede
- Department of Education Foundations, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chinedu Ifedi Okeke
- Department of Education Foundations, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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2
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Venechuk G. Peeking under the Hood of Job Stress: How Men and Women's Stress Levels Vary by Typologies of Job Quality and Family Composition. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 65:200-220. [PMID: 37830411 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231195661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes to work and family norms and polices over the last several decades have reshaped both the job quality and the nature of job and family formation in the United States. Neoliberal policies have generated a slew of flexible but precarious working conditions; labor force participation is now the modal path for all genders regardless of parental or marital status. Leveraging data on 3,419 working men and women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, I use granular measures of job quality to identify distinct job quality-family typologies among both men and women in early adulthood to midadulthood to examine differential implications for psychological and physiological stress. I find four types among men and three among women. Family formation and job prestige appear to differentiate stressful from nonstressful jobs for men; stress outcomes for women are more complex, with job characteristics such as flexibility playing a greater role.
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Turjeman-Levi Y, Itzchakov G, Engel-Yeger B. Executive function deficits mediate the relationship between employees' ADHD and job burnout. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:294-314. [PMID: 38617412 PMCID: PMC11007411 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often face significant deficits in executive function and adverse work-related outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD. We hypothesized that employees with ADHD, relative to employees without ADHD, will experience higher levels of job burnout and deficits in executive function. We also hypothesized that the ADHD-job burnout relationship would be mediated through executive function deficits, specifically by self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving. A field study with 171 employees provided support for the research hypotheses and mediation model in which the employees' ADHD-job burnout relationship was mediated through executive function deficits. Additional mediation analyses indicated that the specific executive function of self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving mediated the effect of ADHD on job burnout and its facets. Specifically, for physical fatigue, the mediation was realized through self-management to time, and for emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness, the mediation was significant through self-organization/problem-solving. The present findings shed light on the relevance of referring ADHD among employees, their vulnerability to job burnout, and the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Turjeman-Levi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Guy Itzchakov
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Batya Engel-Yeger
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
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4
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Villadsen SF, Johnsen H, Damsted Rasmussen T, Ekstrøm CT, Sørensen J, Azria E, Rich-Edwards J, Essén B, Christensen U, Smith Jervelund S, Nybo Andersen AM. Unlocking the mechanisms of change in the MAMAACT intervention to reduce ethnic disparity in stillbirth and newborns' health: integration of evaluation findings. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1233069. [PMID: 38433990 PMCID: PMC10904659 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1233069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ethnic disparities in stillbirth exist in Europe and suboptimal care due to miscommunication is one contributing cause. The MAMAACT intervention aimed to reduce ethnic disparity in stillbirth and newborns' health through improved management of pregnancy complications. The intervention encompassed training of antenatal care midwives in cultural competencies and intercultural communication combined with health education materials for the expecting parents about symptoms of pregnancy complications. The evaluation consisted of a qualitative in-depth implementation analysis and a process evaluation embedded in a cluster randomized trial including 19 of 20 maternity wards in Denmark. In this article, the findings from the different evaluation perspectives are integrated. The integration follows the principles of realist evaluation by analyzing to what extent the MAMAACT activities were generating mechanisms of change in interaction with the context. The integration analysis shows that the health education materials in the MAMAACT intervention contributed to heightened health literacy concerning pregnancy complications among pregnant women. Additionally, the training of midwives in cultural competency and intercultural communication raised awareness among midwives. Nonetheless, the exclusive emphasis on midwives and the inflexibility in care provision hindered them from changing their communication practices. To enhance the cultural competence in maternity care, it is essential to implement more comprehensive initiatives involving healthcare professionals in maternity care at all levels, from pregraduate to postgraduate. Adequate interpreter services and management support should also be ensured. Currently, the Danish antenatal care system faces challenges including inadequate information transfer between healthcare sectors, insufficient differentiation of care, and inflexibility in midwife scheduling. This results in a lack of responsiveness to the individual needs of women with immigrant backgrounds, potentially reproducing health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fredsted Villadsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Johnsen
- Department of Midwifery and Therapeutic Sciences, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Damsted Rasmussen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Thorn Ekstrøm
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne Sørensen
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elie Azria
- Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Janet Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Birgitta Essén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Smith Jervelund
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Møller CM, Clausen T, Aust B, Budtz-Lilly JW, Eiberg JP. Burnout and Its Consequences among Vascular Surgeons and Trainees: A Danish National Survey. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 237:874-883. [PMID: 37694920 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout among physicians has widespread negative consequences. Little is known about burnout among European vascular surgeons (VS). A previously published study found that 82% of VS and vascular surgical trainees (VST) in Denmark experience burnout symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate work- and health-related consequences of burnout. STUDY DESIGN An electronic survey was distributed to all VS/VST in Denmark in January 2020. Validated assessment tools were used to measure burnout, mental health, and psychosocial work environment aspects. RESULTS Of 104 invited VS/VST, 82% (n = 85) completed the survey. VS accounted for 72% (n = 61) of the respondents, and 40% (n = 33) were female. Statistically significant associations were found between higher levels of burnout and a range of work- and health-related outcomes, including a sense of meaning at work, workplace commitment, conflicts between work and private life, work stress, sick leave, and depressive symptoms. VS/VST using pain medication daily or weekly had significantly higher burnout scores than respondents who rarely or never use pain medication. A significant association between burnout and job satisfaction and retention was found, with respondents indicating an intention to stay within the specialty having significantly lower burnout scores than those who considered leaving within 5 years. Among those who indicated leaving the specialty, 35% (n = 13) attributed this to their current working conditions. CONCLUSIONS Burnout among VS/VST in Denmark is negatively associated with various work- and health-related outcomes. The work environment seems to play an essential role in these associations, and alterations in workplace organization may remedy this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie M Møller
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark (Møller, Budtz-Lilly)
| | - Thomas Clausen
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark (Møller, Budtz-Lilly)
| | - Birgit Aust
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark (Møller, Budtz-Lilly)
| | - Jacob W Budtz-Lilly
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark (Møller, Budtz-Lilly)
| | - Jonas P Eiberg
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark (Møller, Budtz-Lilly)
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McGuinness SL, Zhong S, Eades O, Di Donato M, Collie A, Kelsall HL, Leder K. Workplace leave patterns among Victorian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1896-1900. [PMID: 37772777 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
We analysed aggregate work absences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from two Victorian hospital sites and corresponding individual-level survey data to understand changes in the rates and types of workplace absence. We found changing reasons for workplace absences as the pandemic progressed and observed higher rates of annual and sick leave during the months coinciding with increased COVID-19 cases and workforce burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L McGuinness
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon Zhong
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen Eades
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Di Donato
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Collie
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen L Kelsall
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Leder
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Peristera P, Stengård J, Eib C, Bernhard-Oettel C, Leineweber C. Organizational injustice and sickness absence: The moderating role of locked-in status. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101427. [PMID: 37215400 PMCID: PMC10199417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organizational injustice is known to negatively affect employees' health and to increase the risk for sickness absence. The negative health effects are also known to be more pronounced in uncontrollable, strain increasing, situations at the workplace. This study tests whether locked-in status, i.e., being stuck in a non-preferred workplace, modifies the associations between injustice perceptions and frequent (≥2 times/yr) and long (≥ 8 days/yr) sickness absence. The sample contained 2631 permanent employees from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health in 2018 and 2020. Multigroup structural equation modelling was used to compare the proposed relationships between employees who are locked-in in their workplace and employees who are not. We found a positive association between higher overall organizational injustice and long sickness absence two years later, with the association being stronger for the locked-in group. Also, higher injustice was associated with more frequent sickness absence, but only for those not being locked-in. Employees being locked-in seem to have higher risk of long-term sickness absence which might indicate more serious health problems. Employees not being locked-in more often take short sickness absence, which could indicate a coping behaviour to handle high strain. This study adds knowledge to the role of locked-in status as a moderator in the much-studied relationship between organizational justice and health as well as to the multiple reasons underlying sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Stengård
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constanze Eib
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Beier ME, Cockerham M, Branson S, Boss L. Aging and Burnout for Nurses in an Acute Care Setting: The First Wave of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085565. [PMID: 37107847 PMCID: PMC10138881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between age, coping, and burnout during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with nurses in Texas (N = 376). Nurses were recruited through a professional association and snowball sampling methodology for the cross-sectional survey study. Framed in lifespan development theories, we expected that nurse age and experience would be positively correlated with positive coping strategies (e.g., getting emotional support from others) and negatively correlated with negative coping strategies (e.g., drinking and drug use). We also expected age to be negatively related to the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization facets of burnout and positively related to the personal accomplishment facet of burnout. Findings were largely supported in that age was positively associated with positive coping and personal accomplishment and age and experience were negatively correlated with negative coping and depersonalization. Age was not, however, associated with emotional exhaustion. Mediation models further suggest that coping explains some of the effect of age on burnout. A theoretical extension of lifespan development models into an extreme environment and practical implications for coping in these environments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. Beier
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mona Cockerham
- School of Nursing, Sam Houston State University, The Woodlands, TX 77380, USA
| | - Sandy Branson
- Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center, UT-Health, Houston, TX 77355, USA
| | - Lisa Boss
- School of Nursing, Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX 76402, USA
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Petersen J, Wendsche J, Melzer M. Nurses' emotional exhaustion: Prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and association to sick leave depending on care setting-A quantitative secondary analysis. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:182-193. [PMID: 36281066 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore differences in the prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and the connection to annual sick leave of nurses' emotional exhaustion depending on the care setting. DESIGN Quantitative study. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional, representative survey with German nurses (BIBB/BAuA-Employment Survey 2018). We analysed data from three groups of nurses (hospital care HC: n = 333, nursing homes NH: n = 143, home health care HHC: n = 109). We calculated prevalence estimates for all psychosocial risk factors and emotional exhaustion and utilized Χ2 -tests to explore differences relating to the care setting. We calculated risk estimates using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Forty-four per cent of all nurses reported symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Care settings did not affect prevalence estimates (HC: 45.3%, NH: 37.8%, HHC: 50.5%). Weekend work was a risk factor for exhaustion. Being at the limit of efficiency was the only work-related psychosocial risk factor being independent of the care setting. Emotional demands were a significant risk factor for nurses working in HC and NH, and low team cooperation was a risk factor for nurses working in NH. Nurses' emotional exhaustion is associated with more sick leave days. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of nurses' emotional exhaustion is independent of the care setting. This threatens nurses' health and negatively affects the organization and society due to the relation to sick leave. Weekend work and quantitative demands relate to exhaustion independently of the care context. Emotional demands and low team cooperation show context-specific correlations. IMPACT Organizational interventions that limit quantitative demands are needed to prevent exhaustion among nurses. In HC and NH, measures are needed to improve coping with emotional demands and to strengthen team cooperation. Policymakers and nursing managers should take action to address nurses' emotional exhaustion. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Due to the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Petersen
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.3 Designing Service Work, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.3 Designing Service Work, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marlen Melzer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.3 Designing Service Work, Dresden, Germany
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Sørengaard TA, Langvik E. The Protective Effect of Fair and Supportive Leadership against Burnout in Police Employees. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:475-481. [PMID: 36579018 PMCID: PMC9772481 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the association between fair and supportive leadership and symptoms of burnout and insomnia in police employees. Burnout and insomnia can have negative consequences for health, performance, and safety among employees in the police profession, and risk and protective factors should be thoroughly investigated. Methods Data were collected in a police district in Norway through questionnaires administered in October 2018 and May 2019. The sample consisted of 206 police employees (52% males), with an average age of 42 years and 16 years of experience in the police occupation. Results The results showed that a high degree of fair and supportive leadership was associated with lower levels of burnout and insomnia six months later. Fair and supportive leadership explained a greater amount of variance in burnout compared to insomnia. This finding indicates that fair and supportive leadership is a more important buffer factor against burnout than it is against insomnia. Stress was positively associated with burnout and insomnia, whereas quantitative job demands had no significant association with the concepts. Conclusion Fair and supportive leadership can help protect employees from adverse consequences of stress and contribute to improved occupational health, whereas a low degree of support and fair treatment from leaders can both represent a stressor by itself and contribute to poorer coping of stressful events at work. The important role of leadership should be incorporated in measures aimed at preventing and reducing burnout and sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torhild Anita Sørengaard
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway.
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Doherty J, O’Brien DD. Giving of the self and Midwife Burnout – An exploration of the consequences of being ‘with woman’ and how individual midwives can reduce or prevent burnout. Women Birth 2022:S1871-5192(22)00362-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shoman Y, Rousson V, Bianchi R, Guseva Canu I. Holistic Assessment of Factors Associated with Exhaustion, the Main Symptom of Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013037. [PMID: 36293607 PMCID: PMC9602979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis summarized longitudinal findings pertaining to exhaustion's predictors. In so doing, our aim was ultimately to identify target factors for the prevention of burnout. METHODS We searched for studies that (a) examined predictors of exhaustion longitudinally and (b) reported correlation coefficients as an effect estimate. We conducted our literature search in three databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase. We focused on studies published between January 1990 and November 2020. Predictors were grouped into families, subfamilies, and subgroups. A meta-analysis of z-transformed correlation coefficients (rho) was performed. The results were scrutinized in relation to studies' follow-up length. RESULTS We included 65 studies assessing 242 predictors of different types captured across different occupations. Our findings highlighted mostly weak associations (rho < 0.30). For six predictors-Job control, Job resources, Interactions at work, Communication and leadership, Job attitudes, and Work-family interface-longer length of follow-up involved weaker associations with exhaustion. The quality of the evidence available was generally low. CONCLUSIONS The evidence available does not point to clear target factors for preventing burnout. The decrease in associations as the follow-up length increases may suggest a relatively short latency period, followed by recovery. Higher-quality cohorts should be conducted to better understand the etiology and course of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Shoman
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(21)-3147413
| | - Valentin Rousson
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renzo Bianchi
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mijić Marić A, Palameta M, Zalihić A, Bender M, Mabić M, Berberović M, Kostić S. Prevalence of burnout among health care workers in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Croat Med J 2022; 63. [PMID: 36325673 PMCID: PMC9648080 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2022.63.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among health care workers in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2021 using an online survey based on Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. The questionnaire underwent forward and backward translation, preliminary pilot testing, and was assessed for reliability and validity. Personal burnout, work-related burnout, and patient-related burnout were assessed. The survey was sent to the members of the Union of Physicians and Dentists in FBIH, who were asked to forward the link to their medical technicians and nurses. RESULTS A total of 77% of participants experienced some form of burnout. As many as 32% experienced all three forms of burnout. Those actively involved in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic more often experienced burnout. In personal and work-related burnout domains, higher level of burnout was reported among female respondents. Higher work-related and patient-related burnout was reported by physicians compared with medical technicians/nurses. Higher level of patient-related burnout was reported in health care workers aged 30-39 and 50-59 years, among respondents working in primary care, and among physicians. CONCLUSION The majority of health care workers showed moderate or high levels of personal and work-related burnout, with a lower level of patient-related burnout. There is a need for further research into the causes of burnout, as well as for the implementation of organizational interventions aimed to minimize workplace burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Mijić Marić
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Care Center Mostar, School of Medicine University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marnela Palameta
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Care Center Mostar, School of Medicine University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amra Zalihić
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Care Center Mostar, School of Medicine University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Bender
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirela Mabić
- Faculty of Economics, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marina Berberović
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Emergency Medicine Center, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sandra Kostić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Howie-Esquivel J, Byon HD, Lewis C, Travis A, Cavanagh C. Quality of work-life among advanced practice nurses who manage care for patients with heart failure: The effect of resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Heart Lung 2022; 55:34-41. [PMID: 35447467 PMCID: PMC8995301 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinician burnout, stress and job dissatisfaction among Advance Practice Registered Nurses (APRNS) may have impacted work-related quality of life (WRQoL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. No studies describe burnout and resilience in APRNs who manage care for patients with HF. Objectives Among APRNs who manage care for patients with HF, study aims included: 1) Describe burnout and WRQoL levels; 2) Determine the relationship between burnout and WRQoL; 3) Examine whether resilience moderates the association between WRQoL and burnout. METHODS An online survey of American Association of Heart Failure Nurses and the Heart Failure Society of America APRN members were queried. INCLUSION CRITERIA APRN's who practiced in ambulatory or inpatient cardiology settings at least 8 h weekly. OUTCOMES MEASURED Burnout, WRQoL, and resilience. Results Participants' (N = 101) mean age was 50 (±10) years and 93% identified as female. APRNs worked more than 42 h weekly and reported moderate levels of resilience, high levels of personal (M = 51.7, norm-referenced mean: 35.9) and work-related burnout (M = 50.1, norm-referenced mean: 33.0). Correlations between high levels of burnout and low WRQoL (r range: -0.74 - -0.39 -, p<.001) were found. Burnout moderated the relationships among resilience and WRQoL. Conclusion APRNs had high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient-related burnout was not high. Level of burnout influenced the relationships among resilience and WRQoL suggesting that burnout is from workplace and personal sources, and that level of resilience could not overcome the effect of burnout. Interventions are needed regarding systems changes to uplift and support our workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha Do Byon
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Arlene Travis
- Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Casey Cavanagh
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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May S, Gabb F, Ignatyev Y, Ehrlich-Repp J, Stahlhut K, Heinze M, Allsop M, Stanze H, Muehlensiepen F. Mental and Physical Well-Being and Burden in Palliative Care Nursing: A Cross-Setting Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6240. [PMID: 35627781 PMCID: PMC9141775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The working routines in palliative care nursing are associated with a variety of causes of stress with regional and setting-specific differences in Germany. This mixed-methods study aimed to investigate the mental and physical well-being among nurses in German palliative and hospice care and to gain a deeper understanding of procedural and structural aspects that may influence the mental and physical burden in palliative nursing care. The mixed-methods approach combined qualitative interviews, (n = 16) an online survey (n = 101), and subsequent data validation in a focus group (n = 6). Interview and focus group data were analysed using structured qualitative content analysis. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an explorative quantitative analysis. Moderate to very high levels of stress were reported across all settings, but were highest for nurses in specialized outpatient palliative care settings. Underlying causes of stress related to working conditions in the nursing profession across all palliative care settings were poor working hours, perceived inadequate remuneration, and high demands for documentation. To ensure sustainable high-quality palliative care, adaptations to working conditions that target causes of stress and burden in palliative care nurses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann May
- Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany; (F.G.); (Y.I.); (M.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Franziska Gabb
- Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany; (F.G.); (Y.I.); (M.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Yuriy Ignatyev
- Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany; (F.G.); (Y.I.); (M.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Jana Ehrlich-Repp
- Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Onkologische Versorgung im Land Brandenburg e.V., 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Stahlhut
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
| | - Martin Heinze
- Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany; (F.G.); (Y.I.); (M.H.); (F.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Matthew Allsop
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Henrikje Stanze
- Hochschule Bremen, Centre for Nursing Research and Counselling, 28199 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Felix Muehlensiepen
- Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany; (F.G.); (Y.I.); (M.H.); (F.M.)
- Faculty for Health Sciences, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
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16
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Gottenborg S, Hoff T, Rydstedt L, Øvergård KI. People Performance Scales (PPS): A multi-company, cross-sectional psychometric assessment. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:109-123. [PMID: 35041212 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to test the nomological validity of the People Performance Scales (PPS) using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. All employees at two large companies in Norway (a governmental agency and a worker's union) were invited to complete the PPS questionnaire electronically. A total of 2,469 respondents completed the questionnaire, resulting in an 87 percent response rate. Data was analyzed Structural Equation Modelling. First, all 15 scales included in the PPS showed excellent internal and construct validity. PPS was also found to have configural-, construct-level metric- and scale-level metric invariance across age groups and genders. Second, findings indicate that the PPS can be used for both research and consultancy based upon the JD-R model, while simultaneously assessing constructs of particular importance in Norwegian and Scandinavian legislation. The PPS represents a short and efficient questionnaire which measures the most relevant working environment constructs in a reliable and distinct way. The questionnaire has great psychometric characteristics and is well suited for use in organizations to measure employees' experience of working environment factors, allowing organizations to identify areas of improvement and to support organizational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gottenborg
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.,EBHR AS, Åsgårdstrand, Norway
| | - Thomas Hoff
- EBHR AS, Åsgårdstrand, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Rydstedt
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Kjell Ivar Øvergård
- EBHR AS, Åsgårdstrand, Norway.,Department of Health-, Social-, and Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Borre, Norway
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17
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Viana DS, Teixeira P, Ferreira E. Prevalence of Burnout in Portuguese Public Health Medical Residents amid the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1159/000525602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Burnout is a psychological syndrome characterized by a state of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a lack of personal accomplishment at the workplace. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among Portuguese Public Health Medical Residents during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey, using a zero (never) to six (always) ordinal scale. Sociodemographic and workplace setting data were also collected. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables as means and standard deviations (SDs). Chi-squared and independent sample <i>t</i> tests were used to evaluate the distributions of these variables, with a <i>p</i> value of 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-three people participated. The average age was 30.46 (±3.91), and 57.8% were female. We found that 77.11% had high levels of emotional exhaustion, 61.4% had high levels of depersonalization, and 44.6% had low levels of personal accomplishment. 32.5% of the participants were experiencing burnout, 30.5% were at high risk, 25.3% were at moderate risk, and 12% were at low risk. Burned-out participants had higher levels of emotional exhaustion (40.63 ± 7.36; mean ± SD) and depersonalization (15.63 ± 5.94; mean ± SD), and lower levels of personal achievement (29.42 ± 7.30; mean ± SD) than their peers. Regarding sociodemographic and work setting-related data, no statistically significant differences were found between professionals with and with no burnout. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present study shows high scores on all components of burnout and its prevalence among the population studied. Further studies are needed to determine whether this phenomenon was specific to this period.
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18
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Lou NM, Montreuil T, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Lavoie-Tremblay M, Bhanji F, Kennedy H, Kaneva P, Harley JM. Nurses' and Physicians' Distress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies During COVID-19: Stress and Impact on Perceived Performance and Intentions to Quit. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2022; 42:e44-e52. [PMID: 33973927 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health care providers (HCPs) have experienced more stress and burnout during COVID-19 than before. We compared sources and levels of stress, distress, and approaches to coping between nurses and physicians, and examined whether coping strategies helped mitigate the negative impact of stress and intentions to quit. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Psychological distress was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. A self-reported survey was used to evaluate stressors, impact on perceived performance, and intentions to quit. The data were analyzed using t-tests and linear regression models. RESULTS Responses of 119 HCPs were analyzed. Findings suggest that (1) compared to physicians, nurses experienced a higher level of distress and burnout, and used more maladaptive coping strategies. (2) Both nurses and physicians experienced more distress and burnout during COVID-19 than before. (3) Adaptive coping strategies moderated the negative impact of stress on work performance (4) Adaptive coping strategies moderated the negative effect of stress on burnout, which in turn reduced intentions to quit. Stress negatively impacted work performance and burnout only for those with low, but not high, levels of adaptive coping strategies. DISCUSSION The current findings of HCPs' challenges, risks, and protective factors provide valuable information (1) on COVID-19's impact on HCPs, (2) to guide the distribution of institutional supportive efforts and recommend adaptive coping strategies, and (3) to inform medical education, such as resilience training, focusing on adaptive coping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Mantou Lou
- Dr. Lou: Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, CA. Dr. Montreuil: Assistant professor, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, CA; Associate Member, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, CA; and Associate Investigator, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, CA. Dr. Feldman: Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Chair, The Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, CA. Dr. Fried: Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Director, Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montreal, CA. Dr. Lavoie-Tremblay: Associate Professor, Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, CA. Dr. Bhanji: Director of Education, Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Associate member, Institute for Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Montreal, CA. Ms. Kaneva: Program coordinator, The Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, CA. Ms. Kennedy: Doctoral student, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, CA. Dr. Harley: Assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, CA, Scientist, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, CA; Associate Member, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology; Director of Research, Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning; and Associate Member, Institute for Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Montreal, CA
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Rombaut E, Guerry MA. Determinants of voluntary turnover: A data-driven analysis for blue and white collar workers. Work 2021; 69:1083-1101. [PMID: 34250920 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in HR-analytics because of its ability to analyze employee behavior based on HR data. Predicting voluntary turnover of employees is an important topic of study, both in academia and industry. OBJECTIVE The current study analyzes determinants for turnover, distinguishing between blue and white collar workers. The turnover analyses are based on a dataset from a payroll company, in contrary to previous turnover studies that used survey and interview data. METHODS The studied dataset contains demographic and work specific factors for more than 380000 employees in 15692 Belgian corporations. Logistic regression is used to estimate individual turnover probabilities, the goodness of the model is tested with the AUC method. RESULTS The study confirms turnover determinants and differences between blue and white collar workers that were described in previous work based on survey and interview data. Additionally, the study exposes so far unstudied turnover determinants and differences between blue and white collar workers. Confirmed determinants are among others age, seniority, pay and work distance. New determinants are company car, meal vouchers, night work and sickness. Different relationships to turnover are revealed for blue and white collar workers based on gender, number of children, nationality and pay. CONCLUSIONS The presented dataset-based approach has its merit in analyzing turnover: it enables to study actual turnover instead of turnover intentions, and reveals new turnover determinants and differences between blue and white collar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Rombaut
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Doherty J, O'Brien D. A participatory action research study exploring midwives' understandings of the concept of burnout in Ireland. Women Birth 2021; 35:e163-e171. [PMID: 34130937 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In depth exploration of the burnout phenomenon among midwives is sparse. The concept has been extensively studied, but predominantly reports rates and evaluates interventions to reduce burnout. A definition has yet to be offered in the literature from a midwifery perspective. AIMS To explore midwives' understandings of burnout, professionally and personally, in the context of contemporary maternity care in Ireland. METHODS This was a Two-phase Participatory Action Research study. Five co-operative inquiry meetings were held with practising midwives (n=21) over a six-month period between October 2018 and March 2019, in a large, urban teaching maternity hospital in Dublin, Ireland. FINDINGS We found that multiple factors contributed to midwives' perceptions and understandings of the concept of burnout. Midwives defined burnout as persistent stress and exhaustion, with an associated reduction of their individual coping abilities, motivation, empathy and/or efficacy, is unique to the individual and is primarily, in the midwifery context, caused and inextricably linked to excessive workload. CONCLUSION Burnout is a complex concept with many entities and its significance and impact within the midwifery profession highlights the importance of its exploration and understanding. This study is the first of its kind to explore, with midwives, the concept of burnout. The elements of stress and exhaustion in the definition mirror existing definitions in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Doherty
- National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Denise O'Brien
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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21
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Job Perceptions Contribute to Stress among Secondary School Teachers in Southwestern Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052315. [PMID: 33652873 PMCID: PMC7967691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Teachers’ personal and strenuous working conditions reflect the realities of the teaching vocation that may result in increased stress levels and associated negative consequences, such as negative emotions. It is also well-known that teacher stress contributes to more violence against students. However, little is known about personal and school context factors that contribute to teachers’ stress. The current study examined whether, in addition to school-related factors, job perceptions, including the feeling of pressure at work and perceived school climate and teaching difficulties, contribute to teachers’ stress. (2) Methods: A representative sample of 291 teachers from 12 public secondary schools in southwestern Uganda responded to self-administered questionnaires. (3) Results: Teaching difficulties and feelings of pressure at work contributed to teachers’ stress. Furthermore, stress did not vary with teachers’ sociodemographic variables. (4) Conclusions: Teachers’ perceptions of their working conditions were associated with teacher stress levels. Therefore, more efforts need to be geared towards improving the working conditions of teachers as a way of reducing stress.
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22
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Brook J, Aitken LM, MacLaren JA, Salmon D. An intervention to decrease burnout and increase retention of early career nurses: a mixed methods study of acceptability and feasibility. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:19. [PMID: 33435972 PMCID: PMC7805097 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-020-00524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To understand the experiences of nursing students and academic staff of an intervention to decrease burnout and increase retention of early career nurses, in order to identify acceptability and feasibility in a single centre. BACKGROUND Internationally, retention of nurses is a persistent challenge but there is a dearth of knowledge about the perspectives of stakeholders regarding the acceptability and feasibility of interventions to resolve the issue. This study reports an intervention comprising of mindfulness, psychological skills training and cognitive realignment to prepare participants for early careers as nurses. METHODS This is an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, conducted by a UK university and healthcare organisation. Participants were final year pre-registration nursing students (n = 74) and academics (n = 7) involved in the implementation of the intervention. Pre and post measures of acceptability were taken using a questionnaire adapted from the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to assess change in acceptability over time. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and field notes were thematically analysed, adhering to COREQ guidelines. Data were collected February to December 2019. RESULTS One hundred and five questionnaires, 12 interviews with students and 2 focus groups engaging 7 academic staff were completed. The intervention was perceived as generally acceptable with significant positive increases in acceptability scores over time. Student nurses perceived the intervention equipped them with skills and experience that offered enduring personal benefit. Challenges related to the practice environment and academic assessment pressures. Reported benefits align with known protective factors against burnout and leaving the profession. CONCLUSION Planning is needed to embed the intervention into curricula and maximise relationships with placement partners. Evaluating acceptability and feasibility offers new knowledge about the value of the intervention for increasing retention and decreasing burnout for early career nurses. Wider implementation is both feasible and recommended by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Brook
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB UK
| | - Leanne M. Aitken
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB UK
| | - Julie-Ann MacLaren
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB UK
| | - Debra Salmon
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB UK
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23
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Hald GM, Ciprić A, Strizzi JM, Sander S. "Divorce burnout" among recently divorced individuals. Stress Health 2020; 36:457-468. [PMID: 32141221 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the concept of burnout has been applied to the workspace but recent research suggests its applicability to more general contexts such as the family sphere. The present study applies burnout to the divorce context and (a) proposes and statistically tests the Divorce Burnout Model (DBM), (b) investigates the contribution of sociodemographic variables and divorce characteristics to burnout scores, and (c) investigates the relationship between burnout scores and the number of sick days and days of absence from work. Using a cross-sectional design and a sample of 1,856 recently divorced Danish citizens, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the DBM´s good fit to data. Using this model, for men, it was found that fewer previous divorces, former spouse initiation of divorce, not having a new partner and a higher degree of conflict significantly predicted higher levels of divorce burnout. For women, lower income, former spouse divorce initiation, not having a new partner, and a higher level of conflict significantly predicted higher levels of divorce burnout. Across gender, burnout scores were found to significantly predict number of sick days and days of absence from work in the past 3 months over and above sociodemographic variables, divorce related characteristics, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Ciprić
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenna Marie Strizzi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Scheepers R, Silkens M, van den Berg J, Lombarts K. Associations between job demands, job resources and patient-related burnout among physicians: results from a multicentre observational study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038466. [PMID: 32973063 PMCID: PMC7517563 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of job demands and resources with patient-related burnout among physicians. DESIGN Multicentre observational study. SETTING Fifty medical departments at 14 (academic and non-academic) hospitals in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred sixty-five physicians (71.6% response rate), comprising 385 (82.8%) medical specialists and 80 (17.2%) residents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Job demands (workload and bureaucratic demands), job resources (participation in decision making, development opportunities, leader's inspiration, relationships with colleagues and patients)-measured with the validated Questionnaire of Experience and Evaluation of Work and Physician Worklife Survey-and patient-related burnout, measured using the validated Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. RESULTS Patient-related burnout was positively associated with workload (b=0.36; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.48; p<0.001) and negatively associated with development opportunities (b=-0.18; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.08; p<0.001) and relationships with patients (b=-0.12; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.03; p=0.01). Relationships with patients moderated the association between bureaucratic demands and patient-related burnout (b=-0.15; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.04; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Physicians with high workloads and few development opportunities reported higher levels of patient-related burnout. Those with positive patient relationships were less likely to experience patient-related burnout, even in the presence of excessive bureaucracy. Therefore, positive physician-patient relationships may be supported to reduce the likelihood of physicians' patient-related burnout. However, the specific support needed to effectively reduce patient-related burnout may vary per healthcare context and thus requires intensified research across healthcare systems and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Scheepers
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Silkens
- Research Department of Medical Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joost van den Berg
- Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Lombarts
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Wiklund Gustin L, Fredriksson L, Rakovshik SG. Nursing teachers' experiences of the process of recovery while participating in a group programme for reducing work-related stress: A qualitative content analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2020; 48:102870. [PMID: 32905838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work-related stress is an increasing health problem among nursing teachers, contributing to health problems, disengagement and poor job satisfaction. Negative coping strategies impact on both teachers' and students' teaching-learning experiences. Several interventions have been developed to address work-related stress. There has been less focus on how nursing teachers can learn to recover from work-related stress before it has severe consequences for their health, and to understand it from a nursing perspective. The aim of this study was to explore how nursing teachers who participated in a cognitive relational group programme experienced the process of recovery from work-related stress. Data were collected by means of three focus groups and subjected to qualitative content analysis, resulting in three categories: relatedness, evoking the inner caregiver, and re-orientation in life. These categories were reflected on in relation to Benner and Wrubel's "primacy of caring" and synthesised into a metaphorical theme: "finding one's footings". The findings imply that the development of positive coping strategies as well as knowledge and understanding about psychological processes are vehicles in the process of recovery. We conclude that interventions also need to account for the process of recovery as related to an ontological level and the person's Being-in-the-World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wiklund Gustin
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 883, 721 23, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Lennart Fredriksson
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, 801 88, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Sarah G Rakovshik
- University of Oxford and Oxford Cognitive Therapy Centre, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
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Thrush CR, Gathright MM, Atkinson T, Messias EL, Guise JB. Psychometric Properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in an Academic Healthcare Institution Sample in the U.S. Eval Health Prof 2020; 44:400-405. [PMID: 32539552 DOI: 10.1177/0163278720934165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) has demonstrated good psychometric properties among respondents in many different countries, but minimal research exists using the CBI in a U.S.-based sample. The current study represents a secondary analysis of existing CBI data from 1,679 academic health center employees at one mid-size teaching hospital in the southeastern region of the U.S. Analyses assessed CBI scale reliability, confirmatory factorial validity, discriminant validity against a measure of meaningful work, and test invariance for professional role sub-groups (physicians, nurses/physician assistants, and other hospital staff), gender groups, and different age groups. Results provided evidence for good reliability and discriminant validity as well as construct validity supporting the CBI proposed three-factor structure. Configural and metric variance equivalence were demonstrated across the range of employee types, and across age and gender groups. Scalar invariance equivalence was not established, suggesting further research may be needed to support group mean comparisons using the CBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Thrush
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Molly M Gathright
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Timothy Atkinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Erick L Messias
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Benjamin Guise
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Park HI, Nam SK. From Role Conflict to Job Burnout: A Mediation Model Moderated by Mindfulness. THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cdq.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung In Park
- Department of PsychologySungkyunkwan University Seoul South Korea
| | - Suk Kyung Nam
- Graduate School of EducationKookmin University Seoul South Korea
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Coetzee JF, Kluyts H. Burnout and areas of work-life among anaesthetists in South Africa Part 1 : Burnout. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2020.26.2.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Koval KW, Lindquist B, Gennosa C, Mahadevan A, Niknam K, Patil S, Rao GVR, Strehlow MC, Newberry JA. First look at emergency medical technician wellness in India: Application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in an unstudied population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229954. [PMID: 32155192 PMCID: PMC7064236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Professional wellness is critical to developing and maintaining a health care workforce. Previous work has identified burnout as a significant challenge to professional wellness facing emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in many countries worldwide. Our study fills a critical gap by assessing the prevalence of burnout among emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in India. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of EMTs within the largest prehospital care organization in India. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure wellness. All EMTs presenting for continuing medical education between July-November 2017 from the states of Gujarat, Karnataka, and Telangana were eligible. Trained, independent staff administered anonymous MBI-Medical Personnel Surveys in local languages. Results Of the 327 EMTs eligible, 314 (96%) consented to participate, and 296 (94%) surveys were scorable. The prevalence of burnout was 28.7%. Compared to EMTs in other countries, Indian EMTs had higher levels of personal accomplishment but also higher levels of emotional exhaustion and moderate levels of depersonalization. In multivariate regression, determinants of burnout included younger age, perceived lack of respect from colleagues and administrators, and a sense of physical risk. EMTs who experienced burnout were four times as likely to plan to quit their jobs within one year. Conclusion This is the first assessment of burnout in EMTs in India and adds to the limited body of literature among low- and middle-income country (LMIC) prehospital providers worldwide. Burnout was strongly associated with an EMT’s intention to quit within a year, with potential implications for employee turnover and healthcare workforce shortages. Burnout should be a key focus of further study and possible intervention to achieve internationally recognized targets, including Sustainable Development Goal 3C and WHO’s 2030 Milestone for Human Resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn W Koval
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Lindquist
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Christine Gennosa
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Anderson, SC, United States of America
| | - Aditya Mahadevan
- University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Kian Niknam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Sanket Patil
- National Reference Simulation Centre, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram Haryana, India
| | - G V Ramana Rao
- GVK Emergency Management and Research Institute, Devar Yamzal, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Matthew C Strehlow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Newberry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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Metregiste D, Boucaud-Maitre D, Aubert L, Noubou L, Jehel L. Explanatory factors of post-traumatic distress and burnout among hospital staff 6 months after Hurricane Irma in Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthelemy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229246. [PMID: 32155185 PMCID: PMC7064261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In September 2017, the Hurricane Irma devastated the islands of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthelemy (French West Indies). This was a particularly distressing time for the local healthcare staff in charge of rescuing the population. The aim of this study was to identify the explanatory factors of post-traumatic distress and burnout in hospital staff. Methods An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all 509 hospital workers of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthelemy. Post-traumatic distress and burnout was assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-S) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) scales. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the explanatory variables for these two psychological disorders. Results Two hundred and sixty-two questionnaires were completed (response rate of 51.7%). The explanatory factors of post-traumatic distress were female gender (OR = 12.93, 95% CI: 2.70–232.10), electricity shortages (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.13–8.19) and home damage (OR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.02–1.33]). In parallel, the explanatory factors of burnout were post-traumatic distress (OR: 10.42, 95% CI: 4.72–25.58), female gender (OR = 2,41, 95% CI: 1.24–5.02) and paramedical staff (OR = 2,53, 95% CI: 1.15–6.21). In the multivariate analysis, only burnout was significantly associated with post-traumatic distress (OR = 9.26, 95% CI: 4.11–23.14). Conclusions Six months after Irma, post-traumatic distress among hospital staff was strongly linked to burnout. This study revealed the lack of electricity as a new factor related to post-traumatic distress. It also suggested that psychological intervention should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Metregiste
- Service des Urgences, Centre hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Denis Boucaud-Maitre
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, Centre hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Point-à-Pitre, France
| | - Lyderic Aubert
- CIRE Antilles, Santé-Publique France, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Lazare Noubou
- Centre Hospitalier de Saint Martin et Saint Barthélémy, Service des Urgences et du SMUR, Commission de Qualité et de la Sécurité des Soins, Marigot, France
| | - Louis Jehel
- Service de Psychiatrie, Centre hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, Université des Antilles-Guyane, INSERM, Fort de France, France
- Président de la Commission Formation et Vie Universitaire pôle formation de la Martinique, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Fort de France, France
- Centre de recherche en Santé Mentale et Santé Publique, INSERM U1176, Paris, France
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Dale MTG, Nissen A, Berthelsen M, Heir T. Post-traumatic stress reactions and doctor-certified sick leave after a workplace terrorist attack: Norwegian cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032693. [PMID: 32066602 PMCID: PMC7045266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between the psychosocial work environment and the risk of sick leave among governmental employees with symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a workplace bomb attack. DESIGN A prospective study on employees who met the symptom criteria for PTSD. Questionnaire data on the psychosocial work environment 10 months after the terrorist attack was linked to registry data on doctor-certified sick leave in the period 12-22 months after the attack. SETTING The bombing of the government ministries in Oslo, Norway, 22 July 2011. PARTICIPANTS The study sample consists of 94 Norwegian governmental employees, all with symptom-defined PTSD from the Norwegian version of the PTSD checklist (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific) measured 10 months after the attack. RESULTS After adjustment for sex and severity of PTSD symptoms, predictability at work reduced the odds of sick leave (adjusted OR=0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98). Sense of control over decisions at work was associated with fewer absence days for employees with sick leave (adjusted rate ratio=0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Employees with PTSD after workplace terrorism would benefit from control over their workplace conditions and increased predictability to reduce the risk of sick leave. The findings suggest that the work environment can facilitate employees' work ability after stressful events, independent of severity of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Grønning Dale
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration, Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Nissen
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration, Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Mona Berthelsen
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration, Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration, Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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Clough BA, Ireland MJ, Leane S, March S. Stressors and protective factors among regional and metropolitan Australian medical doctors: A mixed methods investigation. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1362-1389. [PMID: 32048300 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare stress, burnout, stressors, and protective factors among regional- and metropolitan-based Australian medical doctors. METHOD A mixed methods design was utilized with 252 Australian medical doctors completing an online questionnaire package. A subsample also completed qualitative interviews. RESULTS Stress was significantly higher among doctors compared with population norms. Over half of doctors reported burnout on one or more dimensions. The strongest unique predictors were being female, working late, and work-family conflict. Qualitatively, 12 stressors (e.g., training and competition, workload, and time management) and 9 protective subthemes (e.g., being well resourced, clinical interest) emerged across system-level, clinical environment-level, and individual factor and personal response themes. CONCLUSIONS Stress and burnout among doctors are alarmingly high and both system/organization-level (e.g., communication systems, workload, flexible work arrangements) and individual-level (e.g., fostering resilience/coping strategies) predictors are implicated by our results. These may be useful targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A Clough
- Institute for Resilient Regions, School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Ireland
- Institute for Resilient Regions, School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheena Leane
- Institute for Resilient Regions, School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja March
- Institute for Resilient Regions, School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
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Duke NN, Gross A, Moran A, Hodsdon J, Demirel N, Osterholm E, Sunni M, Pitt MB. Institutional Factors Associated With Burnout Among Assistant Professors. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2020; 32:61-70. [PMID: 31315454 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2019.1638263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Factors related to individual circumstance and organizational climate are contributing to a worsening burnout problem among providers in healthcare settings. In the academic health center, junior faculty may be at particular risk for burnout given intersecting responsibilities of clinical expertise, research rigor, teaching commitments, and service expectations. To date, much of the focus on preventing and mitigating burnout has been located at the individual level, addressing lifestyle modification and self-regulation skills. We sought to examine relationships between institutional context and burnout qualities as a means to identify opportunities for organizational leadership to address faculty burnout. Approach: Data are from a baseline survey of assistant professors (faculty with diverse ratios for clinical, research, and teaching responsibilities) located within a pediatrics department in an academic medical center. Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between institutional factors (mentorship, collaboration opportunities, feelings of empowerment, value, and support of well-being) and experiences of burnout as measured by the original 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (subscales: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Low Personal Accomplishment). Findings: Three perceived institutional characteristics were significantly associated with all three dimensions of burnout, particularly emotional exhaustion, which decreased with increasing perception of (a) empowerment to communicate professional needs, (b) feeling valued for contributions to the department, and (c) department commitment to support faculty well-being. In multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for gender identity and years since training, increased positive perceptions of these three institutional characteristics were associated with significantly lower odds of burnout. For example, for each unit increase along a 5-point rating scale in feeling empowered to communicate needs and feeling valued for contributions to the department, the odds of meeting cutoff scores for burnout were reduced by 78% (p = .002) to 84% (p = .002), respectively. Insights: Although much of the focus on addressing burnout in healthcare settings has been on promoting coping skills and building resilience at the individual level, our findings add to a growing literature documenting a significant role for institutional leadership in identifying and facilitating strategies to promote faculty well-being. Findings also support leadership's role for improving institutional climate via creating opportunities to increase faculty perceptions of empowerment and value in the department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi N Duke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Antoinette Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jill Hodsdon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nadir Demirel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erin Osterholm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Muna Sunni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael B Pitt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Kim W, Bae M, Chang SJ, Yoon JH, Jeong DY, Hyun DS, Ryu HY, Park KS, Kim MJ, Kim C. Effect of Burnout on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Firefighters in Korea: Data From the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health (FRESH). J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:345-354. [PMID: 31795611 PMCID: PMC6893225 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea. Methods A total of 535 firefighters participated in the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study at 3 university hospitals from 2016 to 2017. The 535 participants received a baseline health examination, including questionnaires assessing their mental health. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data on job-related stress, history of exposure to violence, burnout, and trauma experience. The associations among burnout, its related factors, and PTSD symptoms were investigated using structural equation modeling. Results Job demands (β=0.411, p<0.001) and effort-reward balance (β=-0.290, p<0.001) were significantly related to burnout. Burnout (β=0.237, p<0.001) and violence (β=0.123, p=0.014) were significantly related to PTSD risk. Trauma (β=0.131, p=0.001) was significantly related to burnout; however, trauma was not directly associated with PTSD scores (β=0.085, p=0.081). Conclusions Our results show that burnout and psychological, sexual, and physical violence at the hands of clients directly affected participants’ PTSD symptoms. Burnout mediated the relationship between trauma experience and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Munjoo Bae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei-Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Yee Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanyang Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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Thrush CR, Guise JB, Gathright MM, Messias E, Flynn V, Belknap T, Thapa PB, Williams DK, Nada EM, Clardy JA. A One-Year Institutional View of Resident Physician Burnout. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2019; 43:361-368. [PMID: 30820845 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-019-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective study explores the prevalence, associated characteristics, and trajectory of burnout over one academic year in a multidisciplinary sample of resident physicians using a relatively new burnout survey instrument. METHODS All residents from a U.S. academic health center (n = 633) were invited to complete the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) three times, with 4-month time lags between invitations. A total of 281 (44%) provided complete CBI survey responses at least once, and 43 (7%) did at all three times. Descriptive statistics, cross-sectional analyses, correlations, and multivariable linear regression analyses were computed, as well as repeated measures ANOVAs and paired t tests, as appropriate, for each CBI domain (personal, work, patient-related burnout). RESULTS About half had CBI scores indicating moderate-to-high levels of personal burnout (49-52%) and work-related burnout (45-49%), whereas patient-related burnout was less common (14-24%). However, patient-related burnout increased significantly from the beginning to the end of the year. Regression analyses indicated patient-related burnout was significantly higher for postgraduate year 1-2 residents compared to PGY 4+ residents, but was not significantly different by gender. Personal and work burnout scores were significantly higher for females. Persistently high burnout was observed in only 6% of respondents. CONCLUSIONS In this study of resident physicians using the CBI, burnout was prevalent and higher levels of burnout were observed for females on the personal and work burnout domains, while junior residents had higher patient-related burnout. Persistently, high burnout was rare. The CBI demonstrated high reliability, was practical to administer, and produced similar results with existing burnout research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Thrush
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - J Benjamin Guise
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Erick Messias
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Victoria Flynn
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Toby Belknap
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - D Keith Williams
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eman M Nada
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - James A Clardy
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Ssenyonga J, Hermenau K, Nkuba M, Hecker T. Stress and positive attitudes towards violent discipline are associated with school violence by Ugandan teachers. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 93:15-26. [PMID: 31039543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the use of violent discipline methods by teachers to manage child behavior is still highly prevalent despite enactment of laws that prohibit school violence. In the case of Uganda there is a dearth of accurate prevalence statistics on school violence and factors associated with the use of violence by teachers. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the current study examined the prevalence of and attitudes towards violence. The study also explored the association between teachers' stress, positive attitudes towards violence and the use of violent discipline management methods. METHODS A representative sample of 291 teachers and 702 students from 12 public secondary schools in southwestern Uganda responded to anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Data were collected from April to November 2017. RESULTS Findings indicated that 86.5% of the teachers reported having used violent disciplinary methods on students in the past month while 91.5% of the students reported experiencing violence by teachers. Teachers (88.3%, n = 256) endorsed positive attitudes towards violent discipline. Teachers' stress was related to higher levels of violent discipline (β = 0.20). This relation was mediated by positive attitudes towards violence (0.06, SE: 0.01, 95%-CI: 0.035-0.092). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that teacher reported stress was associated with their use of violent behavior and positive attitudes and that positive attitudes reduced the association between teachers' stress and violent behavior. Therefore, interventions aiming to reduce violence by teachers may need to integrate effective stress management skills, in addition to nonviolent discipline strategies, and fostering attitudinal change towards the use of violent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ssenyonga
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78567, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Katharin Hermenau
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78567, Konstanz, Germany; vivo International, 78340, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Mabula Nkuba
- vivo International, 78340, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, 2329, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Tobias Hecker
- vivo International, 78340, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Psychology, Universität Bielefeld, Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Emotional demands and exhaustion: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a cohort of Danish public sector employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:639-650. [PMID: 30864025 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-01398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between content-related emotional demands at work and exhaustion, and to investigate if these associations were modified by other psychosocial work characteristics. METHODS In 2007, 4489 Danish public service employees participated in the PRISME study by completing postal questionnaires, and 3224 participated in the follow-up in 2009. Content-related emotional demands were measured by a scale (scored 1 to 5) based on five work-content-related items, and exhaustion was measured with the general exhaustion scale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) (scored 1 to 5). The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with exhaustion were analysed in the same model and adjusted for effects of potential confounders. Effect modifications were examined separately for self-reported emotional enrichment, meaningful work, job control, social support at work and quantitative demands. RESULTS Exhaustion increased with increasing emotional demands, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, although statistically significant, the effect was small. In the longitudinal analysis, a one unit increase in emotional demands was associated with a 0.03 unit (95% CI: 0.01-0.06) increase in exhaustion. We found statistically significant effect modification for three of six potentially modifying work characteristics. The effect of emotional demands on exhaustion was lower for participants with high levels of emotional enrichment (cross-sectionally and longitudinally), high levels of meaningful work (longitudinally), and higher for high levels of quantitative demands (cross-sectionally). CONCLUSIONS Increasing content-related emotional demands were associated with increasing levels of exhaustion, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This effect was reduced if the work was experienced as emotionally enriching and meaningful.
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Willems R, Monten C, Portzky G. Exploring the relative importance of work-organizational burnout risk factors in Belgian residents. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2018; 23:1521246. [PMID: 30244668 PMCID: PMC6161591 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2018.1521246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that residents are at risk for developing burnout. Most burnout measures focus on individual risk factors, although work-organizational-focused measures might be beneficial as well. This study analyzed the relative importance of positive and negative work-organizational stressors, according to residents themselves, with NVivo11. Eleven work-organizational themes were found with deductive reasoning and two themes, recognition and success experiences, were found inductively. Main positive stressors are professional development, receiving feedback, experiencing success, autonomy and social support. Main negative stressors are high workloads, role conflicts/ambiguity, long work hours, and a lack of feedback, a lack of social support, and a lack of professional development. Measures to improve residents' well-being should not only focus on reducing workload and work hours. Our results suggest to allocate resources to improve supervisors' skills, such as providing social support, feedback, and recognition. A better match between internship obligations and residents' studies could also contribute positively to this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Willems
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Monten
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cash RE, White-Mills K, Crowe RP, Rivard MK, Panchal AR. Workplace Incivility Among Nationally Certified EMS Professionals and Associations with Workforce-Reducing Factors and Organizational Culture. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2018; 23:346-355. [DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2018.1502383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hecker T, Goessmann K, Nkuba M, Hermenau K. Teachers' stress intensifies violent disciplining in Tanzanian secondary schools. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:173-183. [PMID: 29112855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Violent forms of discipline in schools continue to be widespread across the globe despite their damaging effects. Since little is known about factors influencing the extent of violence applied by teachers, this study aimed to investigate the influence of teachers' stress, work satisfaction, and personal characteristics on their disciplining style. Using structural equation modeling, associations between violent discipline, burnout symptoms, and job perceptions (pressure and difficulties in class) reported by 222 teachers from 11 secondary schools in Tanzania in 2015 were analyzed. Results indicated a direct association between perceived stress and emotional violent discipline (β=.18, p<.05) as well as physical violent discipline (β=.37, p<.001). Perceived stress also mediated the association between job perceptions and both forms of violent disciplining. The model showed good model fit (χ2 [44, n=222]=67.47 (p=.013), CFI=.94, TLI=.91, IFI=.94, RMSEA=.049 [90%-CI=.02-.07, PCLOSE=.50], SRMR=.06). Our findings suggest that teachers' personal perceptions of their work as well as their stress burden play a role in their disciplining styles. Our findings underline the importance of integrating topics, such as stress and coping as well as positive, nonviolent discipline measures into the regular teacher's training and in addition to develop and evaluate school-based preventative interventions for teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hecker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; vivo international, www.vivo.org.
| | | | - Mabula Nkuba
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katharin Hermenau
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; vivo international, www.vivo.org
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Johnson J, Hall LH, Berzins K, Baker J, Melling K, Thompson C. Mental healthcare staff well-being and burnout: A narrative review of trends, causes, implications, and recommendations for future interventions. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:20-32. [PMID: 29243348 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rising levels of burnout and poor well-being in healthcare staff are an international concern for health systems. The need to improve well-being and reduce burnout has long been acknowledged, but few interventions target mental healthcare staff, and minimal improvements have been seen in services. This review aimed to examine the problem of burnout and well-being in mental healthcare staff and to present recommendations for future research and interventions. A discursive review was undertaken examining trends, causes, implications, and interventions in burnout and well-being in healthcare staff working in mental health services. Data were drawn from national surveys, reports, and peer-reviewed journal articles. These show that staff in mental healthcare report poorer well-being than staff in other healthcare sectors. Poorer well-being and higher burnout are associated with poorer quality and safety of patient care, higher absenteeism, and higher turnover rates. Interventions are effective, but effect sizes are small. The review concludes that grounding interventions in the research literature, emphasizing the positive aspects of interventions to staff, building stronger links between healthcare organizations and universities, and designing interventions targeting burnout and improved patient care together may improve the effectiveness and uptake of interventions by staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Johnson
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Louise H Hall
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | | | - John Baker
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Carl Thompson
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Hyman SA, Shotwell MS, Michaels DR, Han X, Card EB, Morse JL, Weinger MB. A Survey Evaluating Burnout, Health Status, Depression, Reported Alcohol and Substance Use, and Social Support of Anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:2009-2018. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Salvagioni DAJ, Melanda FN, Mesas AE, González AD, Gabani FL, de Andrade SM. Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185781. [PMID: 28977041 PMCID: PMC5627926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome that results from chronic stress at work, with several consequences to workers' well-being and health. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence of the physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout in prospective studies. The PubMed, Science Direct, PsycInfo, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched without language or date restrictions. The Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Prospective studies that analyzed burnout as the exposure condition were included. Among the 993 articles initially identified, 61 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 36 were analyzed because they met three criteria that must be followed in prospective studies. Burnout was a significant predictor of the following physical consequences: hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hospitalization due to cardiovascular disorder, musculoskeletal pain, changes in pain experiences, prolonged fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems, severe injuries and mortality below the age of 45 years. The psychological effects were insomnia, depressive symptoms, use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications, hospitalization for mental disorders and psychological ill-health symptoms. Job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, new disability pension, job demands, job resources and presenteeism were identified as professional outcomes. Conflicting findings were observed. In conclusion, several prospective and high-quality studies showed physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. The individual and social impacts of burnout highlight the need for preventive interventions and early identification of this health condition in the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Crowe RP, Bower JK, Cash RE, Panchal AR, Rodriguez SA, Olivo-Marston SE. Association of Burnout with Workforce-Reducing Factors among EMS Professionals. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2017; 22:229-236. [PMID: 28841102 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1356411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency medical services (EMS) professionals often work long hours at multiple jobs and endure frequent exposure to traumatic events. The stressors inherent to the prehospital setting may increase the likelihood of experiencing burnout and lead providers to exit the profession, representing a serious workforce and public health concern. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of burnout, identify characteristics associated with experiencing burnout, and quantify its relationship with factors that negatively impact EMS workforce stability, namely sickness absence and turnover intentions. METHODS A random sample of 10,620 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and 10,540 paramedics was selected from the National EMS Certification database to receive an electronic questionnaire between October, 2015 and November, 2015. Using the validated Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), we assessed burnout across three dimensions: personal, work-related, and patient-related. We used multivariable logistic regression modeling to identify burnout predictors and quantify the association between burnout and our workforce-related outcomes: reporting ten or more days of work absence due to personal illness in the past 12 months, and intending to leave an EMS job or the profession within the next 12 months. RESULTS Burnout was more prevalent among paramedics than EMTs (personal: 38.3% vs. 24.9%, work-related: 30.1% vs. 19.1%, and patient-related: 14.4% vs. 5.5%). Variables associated with increased burnout in all dimensions included certification at the paramedic level, having between five and 15 years of EMS experience, and increased weekly call volume. After adjustment, burnout was associated with over a two-fold increase in odds of reporting ten or more days of sickness absence in the past year. Burnout was associated with greater odds of intending to leave an EMS job (personal OR:2.45, 95% CI:1.95-3.06, work-related OR:3.37, 95% CI:2.67-4.26, patient-related OR: 2.38, 95% CI:1.74-3.26) or the EMS profession (personal OR:2.70, 95% CI:1.94-3.74, work-related OR:3.43, 95% CI:2.47-4.75, patient-related OR:3.69, 95% CI:2.42-5.63). CONCLUSIONS The high estimated prevalence of burnout among EMS professionals represents a significant concern for the physical and mental well-being of this critical healthcare workforce. Further, the strong association between burnout and variables that negatively impact the number of available EMS professionals signals an important workforce concern that warrants further prospective investigation.
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Andersen DR, Andersen LP, Gadegaard CA, Høgh A, Prieur A, Lund T. Burnout among Danish prison personnel: A question of quantitative and emotional demands. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:824-830. [PMID: 28730915 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817718644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this follow-up study was to investigate associations between individual, occupational and work environment factors and burnout among both uniformed and non-uniformed personnel working in the Danish Prison and Probation Service. Methods The participants (N = 4808) with client contact received a questionnaire in 2010 and again in 2011. In 2010, 2843 participants responded to the questionnaire (59.1%), and in 2011, 1741 responded to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 61.2% of the baseline population, and 36.2% of the invited population. Burnout and work characteristics were measured with validated scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, and data was analysed by logistic regression. Results Risk factors with the highest impact on burnout were work environmental factors: quantitative demands, emotional demands, involvement in and meaning of work. Role conflict, role clarity, social support and demands for hiding emotions had borderline significance. Besides cohabitation, there was no association between individual factors and burnout or between occupational characteristics and burnout. Moreover, there was no association between exposure to threats and violence and burnout. Conclusions: Efforts for preventing burnout ought to be concentrated on reducing the quantitative job-demands, on easing and improving staff–inmate relationships, but also on involvement in and meaning of work. Most work in prison is invisible and the overall goals are in conflict with each other. Management must provide solutions to problems of role conflict and support groups for social support. There is a risk of burnout among both uniformed personnel and non-uniformed personnel working in both open and closed facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Raaby Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland – University Research Clinic, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland – University Research Clinic, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ann Gadegaard
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland – University Research Clinic, Denmark
| | - Annie Høgh
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annick Prieur
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lund
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland – University Research Clinic, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DEFACTUM, Denmark
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Manić S, Janjic V, Dejanovic SD, Aleksic A, Aleksic Z, Jaredic B, Krkic M. Burnout, Depression and Proactive Coping in Underground Coal Miners in Serbia - Pilot Project. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2016-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mining is unsurprisingly considered a high-risk occupation because it involves continuous hard labour under highly demanding and stressful conditions. Many of these work stressors can impair individuals’ well-being in both a physiological and psychological sense. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms and to evaluate aspects of proactive coping among underground coal miners in Serbia. The study involved 46 male underground coal miners. Burnout was measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and level of proactive coping was measured with the Proactive Coping Inventory. The results showed a low level of burnout syndrome among the underground coal miners (12.46±4.879). Depression was slightly above the minimum (1.2±2.094), and the majority of the participants had no symptoms of depression (93.5%). Overall, the underground coal miners’ ability to proactively cope with work stress was very good (42.17±6.567). This is in contrast to the findings of the few previous international studies and is a good basis for further research using a larger sample in Serbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saška Manić
- Department for Admission and Care of Medical Emergencies, Health Center Zajecar, Serbia
- Laze Lazarevića 39, 19 000 Zaječar, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Janjic
- Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavica Djukic Dejanovic
- Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Zeljka Aleksic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Health Center Zajecar, Serbia
| | - Biljana Jaredic
- Faculty of philosophy, University of Priština with temporary head-office in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo
| | - Mirjana Krkic
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Krusevac, Serbia
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Framke E, Sørensen OH, Pedersen J, Rugulies R. Effect of a participatory organizational-level occupational health intervention on job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1210. [PMID: 27899101 PMCID: PMC5129592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined whether the implementation of a participatory organizational-level intervention aiming to improve the working environment with a focus on the core task at work, increased job satisfaction and reduced exhaustion and sleep disturbances among pre-school employees. Methods The study sample consisted of 41 intervention group pre-schools with 423 employees and 30 control group pre-schools with 241 employees. The intervention lasted 25 months and consisted of seminars, workshops, and workplace specific intervention activities that were developed by focusing on the core task at work. We analyzed within-group changes in the three outcome variables from baseline to follow-up with t-tests for paired samples, separately for intervention and control group. Between-group differences in changes in the three outcome variables were analyzed using a mixed model with a repeated statement to account for the clustering effect of workplaces. Results Within-group analyses showed that exhaustion decreased statistically significantly in both the intervention and the control group. There were no statistically significantly changes in job satisfaction and sleep disturbances. Between-group analyses showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for changes in any of the outcome variables, neither in the unadjusted or in the adjusted analyses. Conclusions We found no evidence that participating in an organizational-level occupational health intervention aiming to improve the working environment with a focus on the core task at work has an effect on pre-school employees’ job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances. Trial registration ISRCTN16271504, November 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Framke
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole Henning Sørensen
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Adverse trajectories of mental health problems predict subsequent burnout and work-family conflict - a longitudinal study of employed women with children followed over 18 years. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:384. [PMID: 27825325 PMCID: PMC5101700 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term consequence of experiencing mental health problems may lead to several adverse outcomes. The current study aims to validate previous identified trajectories of mental health problems from 1993 to 2006 in women by examining their implications on subsequent work and family-related outcomes in 2011. METHODS Employed women (n = 439) with children were drawn from the Tracking Opportunities and Problems-Study (TOPP), a community-based longitudinal study following Norwegian families across 18 years. Previous identified latent profiles of mental health trajectories (i.e., High; Moderate; Low-rising and Low levels of mental health problems over time) measured at six time points between 1993 and 2006 were examined as predictors of burnout (e.g., exhaustion and disengagement from work) and work-family conflict in 2011 in univariate and multivariate analyses of variance adjusted for potential confounders (age, job demands, and negative emotionality). RESULTS We found that having consistently High and Moderate symptoms as well as Low-Rising symptoms from 1993 to 2006 predicted higher levels of exhaustion, disengagement from work and work-family conflict in 2011. Findings remained unchanged when adjusting for several potential confounders, but when adjusting for current mental health problems only levels of exhaustion were predicted by the mental health trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The study expands upon previous studies on the field by using a longer time span and by focusing on employed women with children who experience different patterns of mental health trajectories. The long-term effect of these trajectories highlight and validate the importance of early identification and prevention in women experiencing adverse patterns of mental health problems with regards to subsequent work and family-related outcomes.
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Abstract
Pain and emotional exhaustion are prevalent conditions with consequences for sickness absence. Although they often co-occur, their combined associations with sickness absence are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the separate and combined associations of pain and emotional exhaustion with subsequent sickness absence. The data were derived from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey sent to 40 to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki in 2000 to 2002 (n = 6457) linked with the City of Helsinki personnel register information on sickness absence (3 years on from the survey). Self-certified (1-3 days) and medically certified sickness absence spells (4-14 days, more than 14 days) were used as outcomes. Acute and chronic pain and emotional exhaustion were measured in a questionnaire survey. For the purposes of this study, sickness absence and pain variables were merged to form a new variable with 6 mutually exclusive categories. The main statistical method was negative binomial regression analysis. The synergy index was used to estimate the interaction. Among women, acute and chronic pain with and without emotional exhaustion predicted sickness absence, particularly absence lasting for more than 2 weeks, whereas emotional exhaustion alone did not. The associations persisted when further adjusted for socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, and somatic and mental health. A synergistic interaction effect was found for co-occurring pain and emotional exhaustion on medically certified sickness absence. The results for men were mainly similar, but less stable. In order to tackle sickness absence, special attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of employees with co-occurring pain and emotional exhaustion.
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Jonas B, Leuschner F, Tossmann P. Efficacy of an internet-based intervention for burnout: a randomized controlled trial in the German working population. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2016; 30:133-144. [PMID: 27602992 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1233324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Internet-based interventions are a viable treatment option for various mental problems. However, their effects on the burnout syndrome yielded mixed results. In this paper, we examine the efficacy of a structured and therapist-guided internet intervention, based on solution-focused and cognitive-behavioral therapy, for individuals with symptoms of burnout. DESIGN Two-arm, Internet-based, randomized, wait-list controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Participants were recruited through in-house events and online advertising. They were randomly assigned to the intervention or a wait-list. Group comparison was conducted three months after randomization. Outcomes were the burnout level according to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and the levels of depression, anxiety and stress according to the DASS-21. RESULTS Thirty-nine participants were included in the trial; 36 (92.3%) took part at the 3-months-follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed significant group differences in favor of the intervention group in depression (d = 0.66), cynicism (d = 0.87) and personal accomplishment (d = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS The intervention helped ameliorate symptoms of work-related stress and burnout. Although limited by a small sample size, the study suggests that the program provides effective support for affected individuals. However, further studies with bigger sample sizes should be conducted to examine the effects of such programs more precisely.
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