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Atwater AQ, Castanon-Cervantes O. Uncovering Novel Biomarkers of Inflammation as Potential Screening Targets of Disease Risk in Healthcare Shift Workers: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE RESEARCH 2023; 6:1466. [PMID: 37886726 PMCID: PMC10601993 DOI: 10.29011/2688-9501.101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Shift work, experienced by nearly 30% of the U.S. workforce, is hazardous to health and has become a pervasive labor practice in the healthcare sector worldwide. It increases the risk of stroke, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, specific screening targets for shift workers still need to be defined. In this study, we have begun uncovering these targets as specific low-grade systemic inflammation markers and functional endotoxin-elicited responses that may foreshadow disease risk in shift workers. One hundred four participants (normothermic and normotensive) were healthy, non-smoking, and drug- and medication-free volunteers recruited from Atlanta area hospitals and medical schools. We assessed the concentration of three proteins in plasma samples from day workers and shift workers (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, IL-10, and TNF-α), and the relationship between these baseline biomarkers and their response to an ex-vivo endotoxin challenge. We show that shift work increases low-grade systemic inflammation and disrupts discrete endotoxin responses. As shift work exposure increases, the correlation between low-grade systemic inflammation markers and their endotoxin responses was disrupted; this effect was more robust for TNF-α than for IL-10. With increased shift work exposure, these events, alone or combined, represent potential systemic and functional signals that may be harnessed to develop screening tools to identify at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Q Atwater
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Oscar Castanon-Cervantes
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA. USA
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Atwater AQ, Immergluck LC, Davidson AJ, Castanon-Cervantes O. Shift Work Predicts Increases in Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, Interleukin-10, and Leukocyte Counts in a Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy Volunteers Carrying Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413158. [PMID: 34948768 PMCID: PMC8701724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of inflammatory responses is a potential mechanism behind the harmful effects of shift work and is associated with increased risk of hypertension, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. These responses are linked to the proliferation of leukocytes in shift workers, suggesting a systemic signal as a potential mediator. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between systemic inflammation, leukocyte counts, and systemic endotoxemia in samples from a diverse cohort of day workers and shift workers. Participants (normothermic and normotensive) were healthy volunteers, non-smoking, and drug- and medication-free. The following outcomes were measured: C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, leukocyte counts (monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). Risk factors that increase systemic inflammation, such as blood pressure, sleep loss, and cortisol, were also assessed. The results indicated that shift workers slept significantly less than day workers and had significantly increased concentrations of all of the cytokines measured as well as plasma cortisol. Regression models found that after controlling for covariates, shift-work exposure predicted the significant increase observed in IL-10, leukocyte counts, and LBP. Our results suggest that acute increases in low-grade systemic endotoxemia are unresolved during chronic shift-work exposure. This ongoing immune challenge may underlie the disrupted inflammatory responses characteristic of shift-work-related pathologies. Systemic endotoxemia may represent a novel target to investigate the early effects of exposure to shift-work schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Q. Atwater
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.Q.A.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Lilly Cheng Immergluck
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
- Pediatric Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Alec J. Davidson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.Q.A.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Oscar Castanon-Cervantes
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.Q.A.); (A.J.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Lu Q, Kim JY. Mammalian circadian networks mediated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. FEBS J 2021; 289:6589-6604. [PMID: 34657394 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain has a complex structure composed of hundreds of regions, forming networks to cooperate body functions. Therefore, understanding how various brain regions communicate with each other and with peripheral organs is important to understand human physiology. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain is the circadian pacemaker. The SCN receives photic information from the environment and conveys this to other parts of the brain and body to synchronize all circadian clocks. The circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator that generates daily rhythms in metabolism and physiology in almost all cells via a conserved transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop. So, the information flow from the environment to the SCN to other tissues synchronizes locally distributed circadian clocks to maintain homeostasis. Thus, understanding the circadian networks and how they adjust to environmental changes will better understand human physiology. This review will focus on circadian networks mediated by the SCN to understand how the environment, brain, and peripheral tissues form networks for cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Tung Foundation Biomedical Sciences Centre, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Hamad AF, Vasylkiv V, Yan L, Sanusi R, Ayilara O, Delaney JA, Wall-Wieler E, Jozani MJ, Hu P, Banerji S, Lix LM. Mapping three versions of the international classification of diseases to categories of chronic conditions. Int J Popul Data Sci 2021; 6:1406. [PMID: 34007901 PMCID: PMC8104065 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v6i1.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Administrative health data capture diagnoses using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which has multiple versions over time. To facilitate longitudinal investigations using these data, we aimed to map diagnoses identified in three ICD versions - ICD-8 with adaptations (ICDA-8), ICD-9 with clinical modifications (ICD-9-CM), and ICD-10 with Canadian adaptations (ICD-10-CA) - to mutually exclusive chronic health condition categories adapted from the open source Clinical Classifications Software (CCS). METHODS We adapted the CCS crosswalk to 3-digit ICD-9-CM codes for chronic conditions and resolved the one-to-many mappings in ICD-9-CM codes. Using this adapted CCS crosswalk as the reference and referring to existing crosswalks between ICD versions, we extended the mapping to ICDA-8 and ICD-10-CA. Each mapping step was conducted independently by two reviewers and discrepancies were resolved by consensus through deliberation and reference to prior research. We report the frequencies, agreement percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from each step. RESULTS We identified 354 3-digit ICD-9-CM codes for chronic conditions. Of those, 77 (22%) codes had one-to-many mappings; 36 (10%) codes were mapped to a single CCS category and 41 (12%) codes were mapped to combined CCS categories. In total, the codes were mapped to 130 adapted CCS categories with an agreement percentage of 92% (95% CI: 86%-98%). Then, 321 3-digit ICDA-8 codes were mapped to CCS categories with an agreement percentage of 92% (95% CI: 89%-95%). Finally, 3583 ICD-10-CA codes were mapped to CCS categories; 111 (3%) had a fair or poor mapping quality; these were reviewed to keep or move to another category (agreement percentage = 77% [95% CI: 69%-85%]). CONCLUSIONS We developed crosswalks for three ICD versions (ICDA-8, ICD-9-CM, and ICD-10-CA) to 130 clinically meaningful categories of chronic health conditions by adapting the CCS classification. These crosswalks will benefit chronic disease studies spanning multiple decades of administrative health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani F. Hamad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
| | - Viktoriya Vasylkiv
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
| | - Ridwan Sanusi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
| | - Olawale Ayilara
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T5; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, WA 98195
| | - Elizabeth Wall-Wieler
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
| | | | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0J9
| | - Shantanu Banerji
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3A1R9; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0V9
| | - Lisa M. Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E0T6
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Bartman CM, Eckle T. Circadian-Hypoxia Link and its Potential for Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1075-1090. [PMID: 31096895 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190516081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the evolutionary time, all organisms and species on Earth evolved with an adaptation to consistent oscillations of sunlight and darkness, now recognized as 'circadian rhythm.' Single-cellular to multisystem organisms use circadian biology to synchronize to the external environment and provide predictive adaptation to changes in cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of circadian biology has been implicated in numerous prevalent human diseases, and subsequently targeting the circadian machinery may provide innovative preventative or treatment strategies. Discovery of 'peripheral circadian clocks' unleashed widespread investigations into the potential roles of clock biology in cellular, tissue, and organ function in healthy and diseased states. Particularly, oxygen-sensing pathways (e.g. hypoxia inducible factor, HIF1), are critical for adaptation to changes in oxygen availability in diseases such as myocardial ischemia. Recent investigations have identified a connection between the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) and HIF1A that may elucidate an evolutionarily conserved cellular network that can be targeted to manipulate metabolic function in stressed conditions like hypoxia or ischemia. Understanding the link between circadian and hypoxia pathways may provide insights and subsequent innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with myocardial ischemia. This review addresses our current understanding of the connection between light-sensing pathways (PER2), and oxygen-sensing pathways (HIF1A), in the context of myocardial ischemia and lays the groundwork for future studies to take advantage of these two evolutionarily conserved pathways in the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Marie Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, Graduate Training Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, Graduate Training Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Ashbrook LH, Krystal AD, Fu YH, Ptáček LJ. Genetics of the human circadian clock and sleep homeostat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:45-54. [PMID: 31400754 PMCID: PMC6879540 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Timing and duration of sleep are controlled by the circadian system, which keeps an ~24-h internal rhythm that entrains to environmental stimuli, and the sleep homeostat, which rises as a function of time awake. There is a normal distribution across the population in how the circadian system aligns with typical day and night resulting in varying circadian preferences called chronotypes. A portion of the variation in the population is controlled by genetics as shown by the single-gene mutations that confer extreme early or late chronotypes. Similarly, there is a normal distribution across the population in sleep duration. Genetic variations have been identified that lead to a short sleep phenotype in which individuals sleep only 4-6.5 h nightly. Negative health consequences have been identified when individuals do not sleep at their ideal circadian timing or are sleep deprived relative to intrinsic sleep need. Whether familial natural short sleepers are at risk of the health consequences associated with a short sleep duration based on population data is not known. More work needs to be done to better assess for an individual's chronotype and degree of sleep deprivation to answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza H Ashbrook
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Correia FGS, Ferreira MJM, Giatti L, Camelo LV, Araújo LF. Night work is related to higher global and central adiposity in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2013. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:85-91. [PMID: 31625176 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night work can disturb the natural circadian rhythm, leading to disruptions in metabolic rate and subsequent overall gain weight or even more harmful abdominal adiposity. Our aims were to investigate the associations between night work frequency and markers of overall and central obesity. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian National Health Survey on over 35 500 current workers. Exposure to current night work was composed of three categories: daytime work (reference category), less than one night per week, and more than two nights per week. The body mass index and waist circumference were used as adiposity markers. Logistic and multinomial regression models were used, with adjustment for demographic characteristics, work conditions, self-related health, and health-related behaviors. RESULTS After complete adjustment, individuals who worked two or more nights a week had higher odds of overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.38), obesity (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.64) and increased waist circumference (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.46) than daytime workers. CONCLUSIONS Night work was significantly associated with measures of adiposity. Changes in working conditions, such as controlling the numbers of nights worked per week or promoting workplaces with healthy meals and the opportunity to perform physical exercise at work, could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Giatti
- Research Group on Epidemiology on Chronic and Occupational Diseases (GERMINAL)Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Lidyane V. Camelo
- Research Group on Epidemiology on Chronic and Occupational Diseases (GERMINAL)Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Larissa F. Araújo
- Department of Public HealthFederal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
- Research Group on Epidemiology on Chronic and Occupational Diseases (GERMINAL)Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Ye L, Gu W, Chen Y, Li X, Shi J, Lv A, Hu J, Zhang R, Liu R, Hong J, Wang J, Zhang Y. The impact of shift work on glycemic characteristics assessed by CGM and its association with metabolic indices in non-diabetic subjects. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:53-61. [PMID: 31240398 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the glycemic characteristics of non-diabetic shift workers and associations with metabolic indices. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 450 non-diabetic males, including 238 shift workers, aged 23-58 years, were recruited after a screening oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples and anthropometric data were collected. Hundred and fifty of them finished a continuous glucose monitoring for 3-7 days. RESULTS Compared to daytime workers, shift workers presented with larger WHR (p < 0.001), higher HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), higher hs-CRP level (p < 0.001) and worse lipid profiles. In glycemic characteristics, shift workers with normal glucose regulation had a similar mean blood glucose (MBG), daytime MBG, percentage of time of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, euglycemia, and fluctuation parameters, including standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and mean of daily differences (p > 0.05, respectively), while they had a higher nighttime MBG (p = 0.026) and blood glucose (BG) at 3 a.m. (p = 0.015). For subjects with impaired glucose regulation, both groups had no difference in any clinical characteristics or glycemic parameters (p > 0.05, respectively). Further regression analysis revealed the association between MBG/SDBG/MAGE/nighttime MBG/BG at 3 a.m. and age/WHR/hs-CRP/TC. CONCLUSION For non-diabetic shift workers, the glycemic characteristic was the elevated nighttime glycemia, presented as higher nighttime MBG and BG at 3 a.m. And both metrics were closely associated with central obesity. Elevated nighttime glycemia was an early signal of glucose metabolism disorder in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ankang Lv
- Physical Examination Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfen Hu
- SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain: determinants of distinct trajectories over 1 year. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1099-1108. [PMID: 31165308 PMCID: PMC6814632 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify sub-groups of workers with different trajectories of sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain over 1 year, and to investigate the extent to which the identified trajectories are associated with personal, occupational, lifestyle, and pain-related factors at baseline. Methods Data on 981 blue- and white-collar workers were analyzed in the DPHACTO cohort (2012–2014). The number of days on sick leave due to pain was reported using text messages at 4-week intervals across 1 year. Latent class growth analysis was used to distinguish sub-groups with different trajectories of sick leave. A web-based questionnaire at baseline was used to assess personal, occupational (physical and psychosocial), lifestyle, and pain-related factors. Multinomial regression models were constructed to determine associations between baseline factors and trajectories of sick leave (referencing no sick leave), with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Four distinct sub-groups were identified, with trajectories of sick leave due to pain ranging from no sick leave (prevalence 76%; average 0.5 days/year) to some days and increasing sick leave due to pain over 1 year (2%; 89 days/year). The increasing trajectory of sick leave was associated with higher perceived physical exertion, more time in manual work, less social community and influence at work, less leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and more severe symptoms (e.g., multisite pain, low back pain intensity, and pain interference). Conclusions We identified four distinct trajectories of sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain. The sub-group with increasing sick leave due to pain was associated with several modifiable physical and psychosocial factors at work and outside work, which may have implications for prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00420-019-01447-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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10
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Are occupational physical activities tailored to the age of cleaners and manufacturing workers? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 92:185-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Allison KC, Goel N. Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:158-166. [PMID: 29486170 PMCID: PMC6019166 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Timing of eating is recognized as a significant contributor to body weight regulation. Disruption of sleep-wake cycles from a predominantly diurnal (daytime) to a delayed (evening) lifestyle leads to altered circadian rhythms and metabolic dysfunction. This article reviews current evidence for timed and delayed eating in individuals of normal weight and those with overweight or obesity: although some findings indicate a benefit of eating earlier in the daytime on weight and/or metabolic outcomes, results have not been uniformly consistent, and more rigorous and longer-duration studies are needed. We also review potential circadian mechanisms underlying the metabolic- and weight-related changes resulting from timed and delayed eating. Further identification of such mechanisms using deep phenotyping is required to determine targets for medical interventions for obesity and for prevention of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and to inform clinical guidelines regarding eating schedules for management of weight and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abu Farha R, Alefishat E. Shift Work and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome Among Jordanian Employees. Oman Med J 2018; 33:235-242. [PMID: 29896332 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to evaluate the effect of night shift working on increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) using three different predictors. Methods One hundred and forty adult Jordanian employees were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data, anthropometric parameters, and working patterns information were documented. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed, and atherogenic index of the plasma (AIP) and Framingham risk score were calculated. Results Night shift workers had a significantly higher AIP ratio compared to daytime workers (p = 0.024). No significant association was observed between the two groups in term of 30-year Framingham risk score (p = 0.115). However, the duration of night shifts and the number of night shifts per months were found to significantly increase the 30-year Framingham risk (p = 0.000 and 0.012, respectively). Furthermore, the incidence of MetS among night shift workers was 15.9% (13/82) compared to 10.3% (6/58) among daytime workers (p = 0.484). Conclusions This is the first study to assess the association between night shift work and AIP as well as the 30-year Framingham risk score as predictors of CVDs. Night shift work was associated with an increase in AIP score compared to daytime work. Also, the duration of night shifts and the number of night shifts per month significantly increased the 30-year Framingham risk among night shift workers. These findings suggest an association between night shift work and the risk of CVD and atherosclerosis. Our results highlight the need for interventional strategies to diminish the risk of CVD in night shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abu Farha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Carvalho FG, de Souza CM, Hidalgo MPL. Work routines moderate the association between eveningness and poor psychological well-being. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195078. [PMID: 29624593 PMCID: PMC5889056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-being is a useful screening method for the detection of mood disorders. Evidence associating psychological well-being with sleep-wake patterns exists, as well as associations with sleep-wake patterns, work-related parameters, and perceived self-efficacy. Despite the growing research regarding the relationship between these factors and mental health, there are few studies that analyze them together. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the association between sleep-wake patterns and psychological well-being is mediated or moderated by perceived self-efficacy, work flexibility and work routines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cohort study was performed in southern Brazil. A sample of 987 individuals was analyzed (66.9% women; mean age = 43.9 years). Work routines parameters and work schedule flexibility were evaluated, most participants were farmers (46%) and most worked 7 days a week (69.1%). Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) was administered for evaluation of sleep-wake patterns, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) for assessment the participants’ beliefs about how they coped with daily hassles, and World Health Organization Five-item Well-being Index (WHO-5) for evaluation of psychological well-being levels. Moderation and mediation models were tested. RESULTS: The moderation model showed influences of work end time on the relationship between sleep onset time and psychological well-being (R2 = 0.147; F = 24.16; p<0.001). The final regression model showed an association of psychological well-being with sex (Beta = -0.086; p = 0.004), sleep onset time (Beta = -0.086; p = 0.006), and self-efficacy (Beta = 0.316; p<0.001); the work end time showed association in the interaction with sleep onset time (Beta = -0.075; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The findings support the direct association of psychological well-being with sleep-wake patterns and self-efficacy, and show an interaction between work routines and sleep-wake patterns. Our results draw attention to the importance of the interplay between individual and social rhythms in relation to psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gutiérrez Carvalho
- Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil
- Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Camila Morelatto de Souza
- Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil
- Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Loayza Hidalgo
- Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil
- Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil
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Kang EK, Kang GH, Uhm JY, Choi YG, Kim SY, Chang SS, Kim HR. Association between shift work and microalbuminuria: data from KNHANES(2012-2014). Ann Occup Environ Med 2017; 29:37. [PMID: 28835846 PMCID: PMC5563896 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work disturbs workers’ biological clocks and this condition can cause various health problems including cardiovascular disease. The elevated albuminuria level has been significantly associated with the risk of the cardiovascular disease even within a normal reference range. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between shift work and microalbuminuria. Methods Workers aged over 20 years from the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES 2012–2014; n = 3000) were included in this analysis. The multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between shift work and microalbuminuria stratified by gender. Results The prevalence of microalbuminuria in male subjects was higher among day workers, but the difference was not significant. However, the prevalence of microalbuminuria among females was higher in shift workers with statistical significance. For female, the Odds ratio of microalbuminuria in shift workers was significantly higher with 1.86 (95% CI 1.02–3.39) compared with day workers. After dividing into 5 subgroups of the shift work pattern, the odds ratio of microalbuminuria for fixed night shift was significantly higher at 4.68 (95% CI 1.29–17.00) compared with day workers. Conclusions This study showed that shift work was associated with microalbuminuria in female workers. Especially we found out the association between fixed night shift and microalbuminuria in female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kye Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Hyeok Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Uhm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gon Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Sil Chang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of South Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137701 Republic of Korea
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15
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Hallman DM, Birk Jørgensen M, Holtermann A. Objectively measured physical activity and 12-month trajectories of neck–shoulder pain in workers: A prospective study in DPHACTO. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:288-298. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816688376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured physical activity at work and leisure and the intensity (mean level and time course) of neck–shoulder pain (NSP) over 12 months among male and female blue collar workers. Methods: Data were obtained from 625 blue collar workers from the Danish cohort DPHACTO. Physical activity was measured objectively at baseline using accelerometers. The percentage of time spent in physical activity (walking, climbing stairs, running and cycling) was calculated for both work and leisure time. Longitudinal data on the intensity of NSP (numerical rating scale 0–10) were collected using text messages every fourth week over 12 months. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the associations between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and the trajectories of the intensity of NSP, adjusted for individual, biomechanical and psychosocial factors, and baseline pain. Results: OPA was not associated with the mean intensity of NSP over 12 months. LTPA was negatively associated with the mean intensity of NSP both among men ( B=−0.71, 95% CI −1.31 to −0.11) and women ( B=−0.85, 95% CI −1.57 to −0.13). Sex interactions on the 12-month trajectories of NSP showed that higher physical activity was associated with a slower reduction in NSP among men for OPA only ( B=0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.05) and women for LTPA only ( B=0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.09). Conclusions: We found that more time in LTPA was associated with a lower overall intensity of NSP over 12 months among blue collar workers. However, depending on sex and domain, high physical activity had an unfavourable effect on the course of NSP over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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16
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Influences on Dietary Choices during Day versus Night Shift in Shift Workers: A Mixed Methods Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030193. [PMID: 28245625 PMCID: PMC5372856 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with diet-related chronic conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore factors influencing food choice and dietary intake in shift workers. A fixed mixed method study design was undertaken on a convenience sample of firefighters who continually work a rotating roster. Six focus groups (n = 41) were conducted to establish factors affecting dietary intake whilst at work. Dietary intake was assessed using repeated 24 h dietary recalls (n = 19). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and interpreted using thematic analysis. Dietary data were entered into FoodWorks and analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Thematic analysis highlighted four key themes influencing dietary intake: shift schedule; attitudes and decisions of co-workers; time and accessibility; and knowledge of the relationship between food and health. Participants reported consuming more discretionary foods and limited availability of healthy food choices on night shift. Energy intakes (kJ/day) did not differ between days that included a day or night shift but greater energy density (EDenergy, kJ/g/day) of the diet was observed on night shift compared with day shift. This study has identified a number of dietary-specific shift-related factors that may contribute to an increase in unhealthy behaviours in a shift-working population. Given the increased risk of developing chronic diseases, organisational change to support workers in this environment is warranted.
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Hallman DM, Gupta N, Heiden M, Mathiassen SE, Korshøj M, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Is prolonged sitting at work associated with the time course of neck-shoulder pain? A prospective study in Danish blue-collar workers. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012689. [PMID: 28186937 PMCID: PMC5128958 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the extent to which objectively measured sitting time at work is associated with the course of neck-shoulder pain across 1 year in blue-collar workers. METHODS Data were analysed from 625 blue-collar workers in the Danish PHysical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPHACTO) cohort study (2012-2013). Objective data on sitting time were collected at baseline using accelerometry. Self-reported pain intensity (numeric rating scale 0-10) in the neck-shoulder region was registered for 1 year using repeated text messages (14 in total). Linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between per cent time in sitting at work and trajectories of neck-shoulder pain, with and without adjustment for demographic, occupational and lifestyle factors, and baseline pain intensity. RESULTS More sitting time at work was associated with a faster decline in pain intensity over 12 months, as indicated by a statistically significant effect of sitting on pain trajectories in the crude (p=0.020) and fully adjusted models (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS In blue-collar workers, more sitting time at work was associated with a favourable development of pain intensity over time. The relationship between sitting at work and pain needs further investigation before explicit recommendations and guidelines on sedentary behaviour among blue-collar workers can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Earnest DJ, Neuendorff N, Coffman J, Selvamani A, Sohrabji F. Sex Differences in the Impact of Shift Work Schedules on Pathological Outcomes in an Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2836-43. [PMID: 27254002 PMCID: PMC4929545 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock desynchronization has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and related risk factors (eg, obesity, diabetes). Thus, we examined the extent to which circadian desynchronization exacerbates ischemic stroke outcomes and whether its detrimental effects on stroke severity and functional impairments are further modified by biological sex. Circadian entrainment of activity rhythms in all male and female rats was observed during exposure to a fixed light-dark (LD) 12:12 cycle but was severely disrupted when this LD cycle was routinely shifted (12 h advance/5 d) for approximately 7 weeks. In contrast to the regular estrous cycles in fixed LD animals, cyclicity was abolished and persistent estrus was evident in all shifted LD females. The disruption of estrous cyclicity in shifted LD females was associated with a significant increase in serum estradiol levels relative to that observed in fixed LD controls. Circadian rhythm disruption exacerbated stroke outcomes in both shifted LD male and female rats and further amplified sex differences in stroke impairments. In males, but not females, circadian disruption after exposure to the shifted LD cycle was marked by high rates of mortality. In surviving females, circadian desynchronization after exposure to shifted LD cycles produced significant increases in stroke-induced infarct volume and sensorimotor deficits with corresponding decreases in serum IGF-1 levels. These results suggest that circadian rhythm disruption associated with shift work schedules or the irregular nature of our everyday work and/or social environments may interact with other nonmodifiable risk factors such as biological sex to modulate the pathological effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (D.J.E., N.N., J.C., A.S., F.S.) and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program (A.S., F.S.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260; and Department of Biology (D.J.E.) and Center for Biological Clocks Research (D.J.E.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258
| | - Nichole Neuendorff
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (D.J.E., N.N., J.C., A.S., F.S.) and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program (A.S., F.S.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260; and Department of Biology (D.J.E.) and Center for Biological Clocks Research (D.J.E.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258
| | - Jason Coffman
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (D.J.E., N.N., J.C., A.S., F.S.) and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program (A.S., F.S.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260; and Department of Biology (D.J.E.) and Center for Biological Clocks Research (D.J.E.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258
| | - Amutha Selvamani
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (D.J.E., N.N., J.C., A.S., F.S.) and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program (A.S., F.S.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260; and Department of Biology (D.J.E.) and Center for Biological Clocks Research (D.J.E.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (D.J.E., N.N., J.C., A.S., F.S.) and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program (A.S., F.S.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260; and Department of Biology (D.J.E.) and Center for Biological Clocks Research (D.J.E.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258
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Bonham MP, Bonnell EK, Huggins CE. Energy intake of shift workers compared to fixed day workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1086-100. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1192188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine P. Bonham
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily K. Bonnell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine E. Huggins
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hutchison AT, Heilbronn LK. Metabolic impacts of altering meal frequency and timing – Does when we eat matter? Biochimie 2016; 124:187-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sobolewska-Włodarczyk A, Włodarczyk M, Szemraj J, Stec-Michalska K, Fichna J, Wiśniewska-Jarosińska M. Circadian rhythm abnormalities - Association with the course of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:847-51. [PMID: 27166084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the main representatives of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a group of chronic, immune system-mediated inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions in IBD is not entirely identified and understood: excessive activation of the immune system may come as a result of the interaction of various environmental and infectious factors, genetic predisposition, and the mediation of abnormal intestinal flora. The main objective of the current study is to further identify the risk factors for the development of IBD. Currently, there is very little knowledge about circadian rhythm and IBD and there are only a few studies on the relationship between sleep disturbances and the course of the disease, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and general immune system functioning. Furthermore, the relationship between the expression of circadian rhythm genes and severe course of IBD is still unknown. The aim of this review is to show the current state of knowledge about the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders, sleep disturbance and inflammation in the GI tract and to analyze the possibility of employing this knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sobolewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland; Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Hallman DM, Mathiassen SE, Heiden M, Gupta N, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Temporal patterns of sitting at work are associated with neck-shoulder pain in blue-collar workers: a cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer data in the DPHACTO study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:823-33. [PMID: 26935311 PMCID: PMC4871928 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Our aim was to examine the extent to which temporal patterns of sitting during occupational work and during leisure-time, assessed using accelerometry, are associated with intense neck–shoulder pain (NSP) in blue-collar workers. Methods The population consisted of 659 Danish blue-collar workers. Accelerometers were attached to the thigh, hip, trunk and upper dominant arm to measure sitting time and physical activity across four consecutive days. Temporal sitting patterns were expressed separately for work and leisure by the proportion of total time spent sitting in brief bursts (0–5 min), moderate (>5–20 min) and prolonged (>20 min) periods. The peak NSP intensity during the previous 3 months was assessed using a numerical rating scale (range 0–10) and dichotomized into a lower (≤4) and higher (>4) NSP score. Logistic regression analyses with multiple adjustments for individual and occupational factors were performed to determine the association between brief, moderate and prolonged sitting periods, and NSP intensity. Results Time in brief bursts of occupational sitting was negatively associated with NSP intensity (adjusted OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.48–0.98), while time in moderate periods of occupational sitting showed a positive association with NSP (adjusted OR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.04–1.69). Time in prolonged periods of occupational sitting was not associated with NSP (adjusted OR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.78–1.09). We found no significant association between brief, moderate or prolonged sitting periods during leisure, and NSP. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the association between occupational sitting time and intense NSP among blue-collar workers is sensitive to the temporal pattern of sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Laermans J, Depoortere I. Chronobesity: role of the circadian system in the obesity epidemic. Obes Rev 2016; 17:108-25. [PMID: 26693661 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity is considered to result from an imbalance between energy uptake and energy expenditure, the strategy of dietary changes and physical exercise has failed to tackle the global obesity epidemic. In search of alternative and more adequate treatment options, research has aimed at further unravelling the mechanisms underlying this excessive weight gain. While numerous studies are focusing on the neuroendocrine alterations that occur after bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, an increasing amount of chronobiological studies have started to raise awareness concerning the pivotal role of the circadian system in the development and exacerbation of obesity. This internal timekeeping mechanism rhythmically regulates metabolic and physiological processes in order to meet the fluctuating demands in energy use and supply throughout the 24-h day. This review elaborates on the extensive bidirectional interaction between the circadian system and metabolism and explains how disruption of body clocks by means of shift work, frequent time zone travelling or non-stop consumption of calorie-dense foods can evoke detrimental metabolic alterations that contribute to obesity. Altering the body's circadian rhythms by means of time-related dietary approaches (chrononutrition) or pharmacological substances (chronobiotics) may therefore represent a novel and interesting way to prevent or treat obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laermans
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Depoortere
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Moon HJ, Lee SH, Lee HS, Lee KJ, Kim JJ. The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015. [PMCID: PMC4676887 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work is vital in hotel businesses as these businesses run 24 h daily regardless of holidays to accommodate customers. The number of shift workers in hotel businesses is expected to increase consistently and it is crucial to study the impact of shift work on hotel workers’ mental health. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association between depression and shift work in hotel workers. It especially focuses on investigating whether there is a difference in how closely these two are related depending on shift types. Methods A survey was conducted with 768 hotel workers who worked at two first-class hotels in Seoul. Out of 659 respondents total (response rate of 85.8 %), 506 respondents were selected as the final research subjects, excluding 153 respondents whose responses were incomplete. The survey was composed of questionnaires related to general characteristics, work-related characteristics, shift work, shift type, and depression level. The Korean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the subjects’ depression level. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with depression as a dependent variable and shift type as an independent variable after relevant general and work-related characteristics were adjusted to examine the relationship between shift type and depression. Results After adjustment for relevant general and work-related characteristics, hotel workers had a significantly higher likelihood of belonging to the depression group than those with a fixed day shift, across all three shift types: rotating day shift (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.05–4.61), rotating night shift (OR = 2.63, 95 % CI = 1.11–6.24), and fixed night shift (OR = 3.46, 95 % CI = 1.02–11.74). Conclusions The results showed that shift work was significantly related to depression in hotel workers and the risk of depression clearly differed among shift types. In particular, fixed night shift workers were most vulnerable to depression. Rotating day shift workers without night work could also have a higher risk of depression.
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Abstract
Traditionally only a small proportion of the workforce was engaged in shift work. Changing economic pressures have resulted in increased engagement in shift work, with approximately 17 % of the workforce in Europe engaged in this work pattern. The present narrative review aimed to summarise the data on the effects of shift work on the diet, lifestyle and health of employees, while addressing the barriers to, and opportunities for, improving health among shift workers. Shift work can result in low-quality diet and irregular eating patterns. Adverse health behaviours are also reported; particularly increased smoking and poor sleep patterns. These altered lifestyle habits, in conjunction with disruption to circadian rhythms, can create an unfavourable metabolic phenotype which facilitates the development and progression of chronic disease. Although the data are inconclusive due to issues such as poor study design and inadequate control for confounding factors; shift workers appear to be at increased mental and physical health risk, particularly with regard to non-communicable diseases. Information is lacking on the obstacles to leading a healthier lifestyle while working shifts, and where opportunities lie for intervention and health promotion among this group. In order to provide an informed evidence base to assist shift workers in overcoming associated occupational hazards, this gap must be addressed. This review highlights the unique nutritional issues faced by shift workers, and the subsequent effect on health. In societies already burdened with increased incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, there is a clear need for education and behaviour change interventions among this group.
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Prolonged Sitting is Associated with Attenuated Heart Rate Variability during Sleep in Blue-Collar Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14811-27. [PMID: 26610534 PMCID: PMC4661681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, research into the physiological determinants underlying this relationship is still in its infancy. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which occupational and leisure-time sitting are associated with nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) in blue-collar workers. The study included 138 blue-collar workers (mean age 45.5 (SD 9.4) years). Sitting-time was measured objectively for four days using tri-axial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) worn on the thigh and trunk. During the same period, a heart rate monitor (Actiheart) was used to sample R-R intervals from the electrocardiogram. Time and frequency domain indices of HRV were only derived during nighttime sleep, and used as markers of cardiac autonomic modulation. Regression analyses with multiple adjustments (age, gender, body mass index, smoking, job-seniority, physical work-load, influence at work, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) were used to investigate the association between sitting time and nocturnal HRV. We found that occupational sitting-time was negatively associated (p < 0.05) with time and frequency domain HRV indices. Sitting-time explained up to 6% of the variance in HRV, independent of the covariates. Leisure-time sitting was not significantly associated with any HRV indices (p > 0.05). In conclusion, objectively measured occupational sitting-time was associated with reduced nocturnal HRV in blue-collar workers. This indicates an attenuated cardiac autonomic regulation with increasing sitting-time at work regardless of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The implications of this association for cardiovascular disease risk warrant further investigation via long-term prospective studies and intervention studies.
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Alefishat E, Abu Farha R. Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:400-5. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alefishat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu Farha
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Associations of Short Sleep and Shift Work Status with Hypertension among Black and White Americans. Int J Hypertens 2015; 2015:697275. [PMID: 26495140 PMCID: PMC4606100 DOI: 10.1155/2015/697275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether short sleepers (<6 hrs) who worked the non-day-shift were at greater likelihood of reporting hypertension and if these associations varied by individuals' ethnicity. Methods. Analysis was based on the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). A total of 59,199 American adults provided valid data for the present analyses (mean age = 46.2 ± 17.7 years; 51.5% were female). Respondents provided work schedule and estimated habitual sleep durations as well as self-report of chronic conditions. Results. Of the sample, 30.8% reported a diagnosis of hypertension, 79.1% reported daytime shift work, 11.0% reported rotating shift work, and 4.0% reported night shift work. Logistic regression analysis showed that shift work was significantly associated with hypertension among Blacks [OR = 1.35, CI: 1.06–1.72. P < 0.05], but not among Whites [OR = 1.01, CI: 0.85–1.20, NS]. Black shift workers sleeping less than 6 hours had significantly increased odds of reporting hypertension [OR = 1.81, CI: 1.29–2.54, P < 0.01], while their White counterparts did not [OR = 1.17, CI: 0.90–1.52, NS]. Conclusions. Findings suggest that Black Americans working the non-day-shift especially with short sleep duration have increased odds of reporting hypertension.
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Health implications of disrupted circadian rhythms and the potential for daylight as therapy. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:1170-5. [PMID: 25635592 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reviews the molecular basis of circadian rhythms and the pathophysiologic consequences of alterations in these rhythms, and explores the concept of daylight as therapy to restore disrupted circadian rhythms and improve clinical outcomes.
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Guerrero-Vargas NN, Guzmán-Ruiz M, Fuentes R, García J, Salgado-Delgado R, Basualdo MDC, Escobar C, Markus RP, Buijs RM. Shift Work in Rats Results in Increased Inflammatory Response after Lipopolysaccharide Administration: A Role for Food Consumption. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:318-30. [PMID: 26017928 DOI: 10.1177/0748730415586482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in behavioral and physiological variables, including the inflammatory response. Shift work is known to disturb circadian rhythms and is associated with increased susceptibility to develop disease. In rodents, circadian disruption due to shifted light schedules (jet lag) induced increased innate immune responses. To gain more insight into the influence of circadian disruption on the immune response, we characterized the inflammatory response in a model of rodent shift work and demonstrated that circadian disruption affected the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both in vivo and in vitro. Since food consumption is a main disturbing element in the shift work schedule, we also evaluated the inflammatory response to LPS in a group of rats that had no access to food during their working hours. Our results demonstrated that the shift work schedule decreased basal TNF-α levels in the liver but not in the circulation. Despite this, we observed that shift work induced increased cytokine response after LPS stimulation in comparison to control rats. Also, Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) isolated from shift work rats produced more TNF-α in response to in vitro LPS stimulation, suggesting important effects of circadian desynchronization on the functionality of this cell type. Importantly, the effects of shift work on the inflammatory response to LPS were prevented when food was not available during the working schedule. Together, these results show that dissociating behavior and food intake from the synchronizing drive of the SCN severely disturbs the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Mara Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Rebeca Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Joselyn García
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - María del Carmen Basualdo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Park S, Nam J, Lee JK, Oh SS, Kang HT, Koh SB. Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:15. [PMID: 26137312 PMCID: PMC4487576 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between night work and cardiovascular diseases among wage workers in Korea. METHODS The study was based on the 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS; 2011). This study included 29,711 wage workers. We used the chi-squared test and logistic regression to examine the association between cardiovascular diseases and night work and cumulative night work. RESULTS Among all of the paid workers, 12.5% reported doing night work ≥ 1 day per month. Night work was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.25). Also, compared to the group that did not do night works, the group with higher cumulative night work demonstrated an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19-2.74). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that night work is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Nam
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ku Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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Briançon-Marjollet A, Weiszenstein M, Henri M, Thomas A, Godin-Ribuot D, Polak J. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015. [PMID: 25834642 DOI: 10.1186/s13098- 015-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, irregular sleep, shift work and travelling across time zones lead to disruption of circadian rhythms and asynchrony between the master hypothalamic clock and pacemakers in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which affects 4 - 15% of the population, is not only characterized by impaired sleep architecture but also by repetitive hemoglobin desaturations during sleep. Epidemiological studies have identified impaired sleep as an independent risk factor for all cause of-, as well as for cardiovascular, mortality/morbidity. More recently, sleep abnormalities were causally linked to impairments in glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review summarized current knowledge on the metabolic alterations associated with the most prevalent sleep disturbances, i.e. short sleep duration, shift work and OSA. We have focused on various endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between inadequate sleep quality, quantity and timing with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Of these mechanisms, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian pacemakers in peripheral tissues, adipose tissue metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress and whole-body inflammation are discussed. Additionally, the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation (key components of OSA) on intracellular signaling and metabolism in muscle, liver, fat and pancreas are also examined. In summary, this review provides endocrine and molecular explanations for the associations between common sleep disturbances and the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marion Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jan Polak
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,2nd Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Czech Republic
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34
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Association of perceived job insecurity with ischemic heart disease and antihypertensive medication in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study 1990-2010. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:1087-97. [PMID: 25731852 PMCID: PMC4608994 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of job insecurity based on repeated measurements on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and on antihypertensive medication. Methods The study population consists of 12,559 employees aged 18–59 years of the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study. With an open cohort design, data from up to four representative waves were linked to four registers. Poisson regression with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate the rate ratio (RR) with confidence interval (CI) of perceived job insecurity associated with first-time IHD hospitalization or mortality 1991–2010 (n = 561 cases) and incident dispensing of prescribed antihypertensive medications 1996–2010 (n = 2,402 cases). Results Participants with perceived job insecurity filled more antihypertensive prescriptions (age-, gender-, and calendar year-adjusted RR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.12–1.33) and had a borderline significant higher IHD incidence (RR 1.23, 95 % CI 0.98–1.55). In a subanalysis, the risk of antihypertensive medication dispensed was only significant among employees with worries about both unemployment and poor reemployment opportunities. After explorative stratifications by age, gender, and occupational status, perceived job insecurity was associated with more dispensing of antihypertensive medications to participants less than 50 years of age. Conclusions In a country with high social security and active labor market policy, employees with the feeling of an insecure job have a modestly increased risk to fill an antihypertensive prescription. Further studies on health risks of job insecurity should consider improved exposure assessment, earlier outcomes such as medication in order to increase statistical power, and identification of vulnerable population groups.
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35
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Association between objectively measured sitting time and neck–shoulder pain among blue-collar workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:1031-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Briançon-Marjollet A, Weiszenstein M, Henri M, Thomas A, Godin-Ribuot D, Polak J. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:25. [PMID: 25834642 PMCID: PMC4381534 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, irregular sleep, shift work and travelling across time zones lead to disruption of circadian rhythms and asynchrony between the master hypothalamic clock and pacemakers in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which affects 4 - 15% of the population, is not only characterized by impaired sleep architecture but also by repetitive hemoglobin desaturations during sleep. Epidemiological studies have identified impaired sleep as an independent risk factor for all cause of-, as well as for cardiovascular, mortality/morbidity. More recently, sleep abnormalities were causally linked to impairments in glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review summarized current knowledge on the metabolic alterations associated with the most prevalent sleep disturbances, i.e. short sleep duration, shift work and OSA. We have focused on various endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between inadequate sleep quality, quantity and timing with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Of these mechanisms, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian pacemakers in peripheral tissues, adipose tissue metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress and whole-body inflammation are discussed. Additionally, the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation (key components of OSA) on intracellular signaling and metabolism in muscle, liver, fat and pancreas are also examined. In summary, this review provides endocrine and molecular explanations for the associations between common sleep disturbances and the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- />Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marion Henri
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jan Polak
- />Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- />2nd Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Czech Republic
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Silva-Costa A, Griep RH, Rotenberg L. Disentangling the effects of insomnia and night work on cardiovascular diseases: a study in nursing professionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:120-7. [PMID: 25424370 PMCID: PMC4321217 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known to be associated with poor sleep quality in
general populations, but they have not been consistently associated with specific
work schedules. Studies of CVD generally do not simultaneously consider sleep and
work schedules, but that approach could help to disentangle their effects. We
investigated the association between insomnia and a self-reported physician diagnosis
of CVD in day and night workers, considering all sleep episodes during nocturnal and
diurnal sleep. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1307 female nursing
professionals from 3 public hospitals, using baseline data from the “Health and Work
in Nursing - a Cohort Study.” Participants were divided into two groups: i) day
workers with no previous experience in night shifts (n=281) and whose data on
insomnia were related to nocturnal sleep and ii) those who worked exclusively at
night (n=340) and had data on both nocturnal and diurnal sleep episodes, as they
often sleep at daytime. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Among
day workers, insomnia complaints increased the odds of CVD 2.79-fold (95%
CI=1.01-6.71) compared with workers who had no complaints. Among night workers,
reports of insomnia during both nocturnal and diurnal sleep increased the odds of
reported CVD 3.07-fold (95% CI=1.30-7.24). Workers with insomnia had similar
probabilities of reporting CVD regardless of their work schedule, suggesting a
relationship to insomnia and not to night work per se. The results
also highlighted the importance of including evaluation of all sleep episodes
(diurnal plus nocturnal sleep) for night workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silva-Costa
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R H Griep
- Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - L Rotenberg
- Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Brainard J, Gobel M, Bartels K, Scott B, Koeppen M, Eckle T. Circadian rhythms in anesthesia and critical care medicine: potential importance of circadian disruptions. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 19:49-60. [PMID: 25294583 DOI: 10.1177/1089253214553066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rotation of the earth and associated alternating cycles of light and dark--the basis of our circadian rhythms--are fundamental to human biology and culture. However, it was not until 1971 that researchers first began to describe the molecular mechanisms for the circadian system. During the past few years, groundbreaking research has revealed a multitude of circadian genes affecting a variety of clinical diseases, including diabetes, obesity, sepsis, cardiac ischemia, and sudden cardiac death. Anesthesiologists, in the operating room and intensive care units, manage these diseases on a daily basis as they significantly affect patient outcomes. Intriguingly, sedatives, anesthetics, and the intensive care unit environment have all been shown to disrupt the circadian system in patients. In the current review, we will discuss how newly acquired knowledge of circadian rhythms could lead to changes in clinical practice and new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merit Gobel
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Koeppen
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Won JU, Kim I. Compensation for work-related cerebrocardiovascular diseases. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29 Suppl:S12-7. [PMID: 25006318 PMCID: PMC4085168 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.s.s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to discuss the history of, and concerns regarding, the newly amended criteria of occupational cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs). Since the early 1990s, CCVDs have been the second most common occupational disease, despite fluctuations in their criteria. The first issue was the deletion of cerebral hemorrhage on duty as a recognized occupational disease in 2008. The second issue was the obscurity regarding definitions of an acute stressful event (within 24 hr before disease occurrence), short-term overwork (within 1 week), and chronic overwork (for 3 or more months). In this amendment, chronic overwork was defined as work exceeding 60 hr per week. If the average number of weekly working hours does not exceed 60 hr, night work, physical or psychological workload, or other risk factors should be considered for the recognition of occupational CCVDs. However, these newly amended criteria still have a few limitations, considering that there is research evidence for the occurrence of disease in those working fewer than 60 hr per week, and other risk factors, particularly night work, are underestimated in these criteria. Thus, we suggest that these concerns be actively considered during future amendment and approval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
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Li H, Wang C, Hu J, Tan J. A study on circadian rhythm disorder of rat lung tissue caused by mechanical ventilation induced lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 18:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Little MP. A review of non-cancer effects, especially circulatory and ocular diseases. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:435-449. [PMID: 23903347 PMCID: PMC4074546 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-established association between high doses (>5 Gy) of ionizing radiation exposure and damage to the heart and coronary arteries, although only recently have studies with high-quality individual dosimetry been conducted that would enable quantification of this risk adjusting for concomitant chemotherapy. The association between lower dose exposures and late occurring circulatory disease has only recently begun to emerge in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors and in various occupationally exposed cohorts and is still controversial. Excess relative risks per unit dose in moderate- and low-dose epidemiological studies are somewhat variable, possibly a result of confounding and effect modification by well-known (but unobserved) risk factors. Radiation doses of 1 Gy or more are associated with increased risk of posterior subcapsular cataract. Accumulating evidence from the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, Chernobyl liquidators, US astronauts, and various other exposed groups suggests that cortical cataracts may also be associated with ionizing radiation, although there is little evidence that nuclear cataracts are radiogenic. The dose-response appears to be linear, although modest thresholds (of no more than about 0.6 Gy) cannot be ruled out. A variety of other non-malignant effects have been observed after moderate/low-dose exposure in various groups, in particular respiratory and digestive disease and central nervous system (and in particular neuro-cognitive) damage. However, because these are generally only observed in isolated groups, or because the evidence is excessively heterogeneous, these associations must be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA,
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Bonney S, Kominsky D, Brodsky K, Eltzschig H, Walker L, Eckle T. Cardiac Per2 functions as novel link between fatty acid metabolism and myocardial inflammation during ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71493. [PMID: 23977055 PMCID: PMC3748049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of peripheral circadian rhyme pathways dominantly leads to metabolic disorders. Studies on circadian rhythm proteins in the heart indicated a role for Clock or Per2 in cardiac metabolism. In contrast to Clock−/−, Per2−/− mice have larger infarct sizes with deficient lactate production during myocardial ischemia. To test the hypothesis that cardiac Per2 represents an important regulator of cardiac metabolism during myocardial ischemia, we measured lactate during reperfusion in Per1−/−, Per2−/− or wildtype mice. As lactate measurements in whole blood indicated an exclusive role of Per2 in controlling lactate production during myocardial ischemia, we next performed gene array studies using various ischemia-reperfusion protocols comparing wildtype and Per2−/− mice. Surprisingly, high-throughput gene array analysis revealed dominantly lipid metabolism as the differentially regulated pathway in wildtype mice when compared to Per2−/−. In all ischemia-reperfusion protocols used, the enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase, which is essential in fatty acid beta-oxidation, was regulated in wildtype animals only. Studies using nuclear magnet resonance imaging (NMRI) confirmed altered fatty acid populations with higher mono-unsaturated fatty acid levels in hearts from Per2−/− mice. Unexpectedly, studies on gene regulation during reperfusion revealed solely pro inflammatory genes as differentially regulated ‘Per2-genes’. Subsequent studies on inflammatory markers showed increasing IL-6 or TNFα levels during reperfusion in Per2−/− mice. In summary, these studies reveal an important role of cardiac Per2 for fatty acid metabolism and inflammation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bonney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Doug Kominsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kelley Brodsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Holger Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lori Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pittman-Polletta BR, Scheer FAJL, Butler MP, Shea SA, Hu K. The role of the circadian system in fractal neurophysiological control. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:873-94. [PMID: 23573942 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many neurophysiological variables such as heart rate, motor activity, and neural activity are known to exhibit intrinsic fractal fluctuations - similar temporal fluctuation patterns at different time scales. These fractal patterns contain information about health, as many pathological conditions are accompanied by their alteration or absence. In physical systems, such fluctuations are characteristic of critical states on the border between randomness and order, frequently arising from nonlinear feedback interactions between mechanisms operating on multiple scales. Thus, the existence of fractal fluctuations in physiology challenges traditional conceptions of health and disease, suggesting that high levels of integrity and adaptability are marked by complex variability, not constancy, and are properties of a neurophysiological network, not individual components. Despite the subject's theoretical and clinical interest, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fractal regulation remain largely unknown. The recent discovery that the circadian pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus) plays a crucial role in generating fractal patterns in motor activity and heart rate sheds an entirely new light on both fractal control networks and the function of this master circadian clock, and builds a bridge between the fields of circadian biology and fractal physiology. In this review, we sketch the emerging picture of the developing interdisciplinary field of fractal neurophysiology by examining the circadian system's role in fractal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Pittman-Polletta
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A.; Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A.; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
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Little MP, Azizova TV, Bazyka D, Bouffler SD, Cardis E, Chekin S, Chumak VV, Cucinotta FA, de Vathaire F, Hall P, Harrison JD, Hildebrandt G, Ivanov V, Kashcheev VV, Klymenko SV, Kreuzer M, Laurent O, Ozasa K, Schneider T, Tapio S, Taylor AM, Tzoulaki I, Vandoolaeghe WL, Wakeford R, Zablotska LB, Zhang W, Lipshultz SE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation and estimates of potential population mortality risks. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1503-11. [PMID: 22728254 PMCID: PMC3556625 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1204982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high doses of ionizing radiation have long been linked to circulatory disease, evidence for an association at lower exposures remains controversial. However, recent analyses suggest excess relative risks at occupational exposure levels. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize information on circulatory disease risks associated with moderate- and low-level whole-body ionizing radiation exposures. METHODS We conducted PubMed/ISI Thomson searches of peer-reviewed papers published since 1990 using the terms "radiation" AND "heart" AND "disease," OR "radiation" AND "stroke," OR "radiation" AND "circulatory" AND "disease." Radiation exposures had to be whole-body, with a cumulative mean dose of < 0.5 Sv, or at a low dose rate (< 10 mSv/day). We estimated population risks of circulatory disease from low-level radiation exposure using excess relative risk estimates from this meta-analysis and current mortality rates for nine major developed countries. RESULTS Estimated excess population risks for all circulatory diseases combined ranged from 2.5%/Sv [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 4.2] for France to 8.5%/Sv (95% CI: 4.0, 13.0) for Russia. CONCLUSIONS Our review supports an association between circulatory disease mortality and low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation. Our analysis was limited by heterogeneity among studies (particularly for noncardiac end points), the possibility of uncontrolled confounding in some occupational groups by lifestyle factors, and higher dose groups (> 0.5 Sv) generally driving the observed trends. If confirmed, our findings suggest that overall radiation-related mortality is about twice that currently estimated based on estimates for cancer end points alone (which range from 4.2% to 5.6%/Sv for these populations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852-7238, USA.
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45
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Vyas MV, Garg AX, Iansavichus AV, Costella J, Donner A, Laugsand LE, Janszky I, Mrkobrada M, Parraga G, Hackam DG. Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 345:e4800. [PMID: 22835925 PMCID: PMC3406223 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise the association of shift work with major vascular events as reported in the literature. DATA SOURCES Systematic searches of major bibliographic databases, contact with experts in the field, and review of reference lists of primary articles, review papers, and guidelines. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies that reported risk ratios for vascular morbidity, vascular mortality, or all cause mortality in relation to shift work were included; control groups could be non-shift ("day") workers or the general population. DATA EXTRACTION Study quality was assessed with the Downs and Black scale for observational studies. The three primary outcomes were myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and any coronary event. Heterogeneity was measured with the I(2) statistic and computed random effects models. RESULTS 34 studies in 2,011,935 people were identified. Shift work was associated with myocardial infarction (risk ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.31; I(2)=0) and ischaemic stroke (1.05, 1.01 to 1.09; I(2)=0). Coronary events were also increased (risk ratio 1.24, 1.10 to 1.39), albeit with significant heterogeneity across studies (I(2)=85%). Pooled risk ratios were significant for both unadjusted analyses and analyses adjusted for risk factors. All shift work schedules with the exception of evening shifts were associated with a statistically higher risk of coronary events. Shift work was not associated with increased rates of mortality (whether vascular cause specific or overall). Presence or absence of adjustment for smoking and socioeconomic status was not a source of heterogeneity in the primary studies. 6598 myocardial infarctions, 17,359 coronary events, and 1854 ischaemic strokes occurred. On the basis of the Canadian prevalence of shift work of 32.8%, the population attributable risks related to shift work were 7.0% for myocardial infarction, 7.3% for all coronary events, and 1.6% for ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Shift work is associated with vascular events, which may have implications for public policy and occupational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav V Vyas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Logan RW, Zhang C, Murugan S, O’Connell S, Levitt D, Rosenwasser AM, Sarkar DK. Chronic shift-lag alters the circadian clock of NK cells and promotes lung cancer growth in rats. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:2583-91. [PMID: 22308312 PMCID: PMC3294088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged subjection to unstable work or lighting schedules, particularly in rotating shift-workers, is associated with an increased risk of immune-related diseases, including several cancers. Consequences of chronic circadian disruption may also extend to the innate immune system to promote cancer growth, as NK cell function is modulated by circadian mechanisms and plays a key role in lysis of tumor cells. To determine if NK cell function is disrupted by a model of human shift-work and jet-lag, Fischer (344) rats were exposed to either a standard 12:12 light-dark cycle or a chronic shift-lag paradigm consisting of 10 repeated 6-h photic advances occurring every 2 d, followed by 5-7 d of constant darkness. This model resulted in considerable circadian disruption, as assessed by circadian running-wheel activity. NK cells were enriched from control and shifted animals, and gene, protein, and cytolytic activity assays were performed. Chronic shift-lag altered the circadian expression of clock genes, Per2 and Bmal1, and cytolytic factors, perforin and granzyme B, as well as the cytokine, IFN-γ. These alterations were correlated with suppressed circadian expression of NK cytolytic activity. Further, chronic shift-lag attenuated NK cell cytolytic activity under stimulated in vivo conditions, and promoted lung tumor growth following i.v. injection of MADB106 tumor cells. Together, these findings suggest chronic circadian disruption promotes tumor growth by altering the circadian rhythms of NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Logan
- Endocrine Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Endocrine Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Sengottuvelan Murugan
- Endocrine Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Stephanie O’Connell
- Endocrine Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Dale Levitt
- Endocrine Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | | | - Dipak K. Sarkar
- Endocrine Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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Marçal Pimenta A, Kac G, Campos e Souza RR, Barros Almeida Ferreira LMD, de Fátima Silqueira SM. Trabalho noturno e risco cardiovascular em funcionários de universidade pública. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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48
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Pimenta AM, Kac G, Campos e Souza RR, Maria de Barros Almeida Ferreira L, Maria de Fátima Silqueira S. Night-shift work and cardiovascular risk among employees of a public university. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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49
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Logan RW, Sarkar DK. Circadian nature of immune function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 349:82-90. [PMID: 21784128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary physiological role of the circadian system is to synchronize and coordinate organ systems, particularly in response to dynamics in the environment. The immune system is under direct circadian control by systemic cues and molecular clocks within immune cells. The master circadian pacemaker called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) conveys timing information to the immune system through endocrine and autonomic pathways. These signals promote phase coherence of peripheral clocks in the immune system, and also govern daily variations in immune function. The coordination of immune response may compose an anticipatory state for optimal immune response. Interactions between circadian and immune systems are bidirectional, in that immune factors can modulate phasing of circadian clocks. Circadian disruption, such as environmental desynchronization and/or anomalous molecular clock functions, may lead to lack of system coordination, and particular vulnerabilities to infection and disease may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Logan
- Endocrinology Program and Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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50
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Occupational Hospitalization Register (OHR) is an ongoing register for research and surveillance established by the National Research Centre for the Working Environment in the 1980s. This review puts in perspective the contributions from the OHR to the understanding of relation between work and the burden of diseases in general and circulatory disease in particular. RESEARCH TOPICS This review covers selected topics in which studies based on OHR has contributed to the scientific knowledge during more than two decades. One PhD thesis and so far 49 OHR studies have contributed to the estimation of the excess fraction of several diseases attributable to work and to the identification of relative risks for occupational diseases like circulatory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, musculoskeletal disorders, pulmonary disease, infertility, and recently also mental disorders. CONCLUSION OHR is a cost-effective instrument for surveillance of health consequences of the working environment and social conditions as well as a valuable register for ad-hoc studies of the aetiology of occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Tüchsen
- National Research Centre for Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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