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Jiang Z, Luo X, Han C, Qin YY, Pan SY, Qin ZH, Bao J, Luo L. NAD + homeostasis and its role in exercise adaptation: A comprehensive review. Free Radic Biol Med 2024:S0891-5849(24)00683-X. [PMID: 39326681 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial coenzyme involved in catalyzing cellular redox reactions and serving as a substrate for NAD+-dependent enzymes. It plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting healthy aging. Exercise, a well-established and cost-effective method for enhancing health, can influence various pathways related to NAD+ metabolism. Strategies such as supplementing NAD+ precursors, modulating NAD+ synthesis enzymes, or inhibiting enzymes that consume NAD+ can help restore NAD+ balance and improve exercise performance. Various overlapping signaling pathways are known to play a crucial role in the beneficial effects of both NAD+ and exercise on enhancing health and slowing aging process. Studies indicate that a combined strategy of exercise and NAD+ supplementation could synergistically enhance athletic capacity. This review provides an overview of current research on the interactions between exercise and the NAD+ network, underscoring the significance of NAD+ homeostasis in exercise performance. It also offers insights into enhancing exercise capacity and improving aging-related diseases through the optimal use of exercise interventions and NAD+ supplementation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 215009, China
| | - Shan-Yao Pan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Institute of Health Technology, Suzhou Gaobo Vocational College, Suzhou High-Technology District Sciense Town, 5 Qingshan Road, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jie Bao
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China.
| | - Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China.
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Mukai K, Ohmura H, Takahashi Y, Ebisuda Y, Yoneda K, Miyata H. Physiological and skeletal muscle responses to high-intensity interval exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1241266. [PMID: 38026631 PMCID: PMC10679931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1241266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute high-intensity interval exercise or sprint interval exercise induces greater physiological and skeletal muscle responses compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise in horses. Methods In a randomized crossover design, eight trained Thoroughbred horses performed three treadmill exercise protocols consisting of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (6 min at 70% VO2max; MICT), high-intensity interval exercise (6 × 30 s at 100% VO2max; HIIT), and sprint interval exercise (6 × 15 s at 120% VO2max; SIT). Arterial blood samples were collected to measure blood gas variables and plasma lactate concentration. Biopsy samples were obtained from the gluteus medius muscle before, immediately after, 4 h, and 24 h after exercise for biochemical analysis, western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. Effects of time and exercise protocol were analyzed using mixed models (p < 0.05). Results Heart rate and plasma lactate concentration at the end of exercise were higher in HIIT and SIT than those in MICT (heart rate, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0005; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0015; lactate, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0014; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0003). Arterial O2 saturation and arterial pH in HIIT and SIT were lower compared with MICT (SaO2, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0035; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0265; pH, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0011; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0023). Muscle glycogen content decreased significantly in HIIT (p = 0.0004) and SIT (p = 0.0016) immediately after exercise, but not in MICT (p = 0.19). Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in HIIT showed a significant increase immediately after exercise (p = 0.014), but the increase was not significant in MICT (p = 0.13) and SIT (p = 0.39). At 4 h after exercise, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α mRNA increased in HIIT (p = 0.0027) and SIT (p = 0.0019) and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA increased in SIT (p = 0.0002). Discussion Despite an equal run distance, HIIT and SIT cause more severe arterial hypoxemia and lactic acidosis compared with MICT. In addition, HIIT activates the AMPK signaling cascade, and HIIT and SIT elevate mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas MICT did not induce any significant changes to these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Mukai
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohmura
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yusaku Ebisuda
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koki Yoneda
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyata
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Juan CG, Matchett KB, Davison GW. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the SIRT1 response to exercise. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14752. [PMID: 37679377 PMCID: PMC10485048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a key physiological regulator of metabolism and a target of therapeutic interventions for cardiometabolic and ageing-related disorders. Determining the factors and possible mechanisms of acute and adaptive SIRT1 response to exercise is essential for optimising exercise interventions aligned to the prevention and onset of disease. Exercise-induced SIRT1 upregulation has been reported in animals, but, to date, data in humans have been inconsistent. This exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess various exercise interventions measuring SIRT1 in healthy participants. A total of 34 studies were included in the meta-analysis (13 single bout exercise, 21 training interventions). Studies were grouped according to tissue sample type (blood, muscle), biomarkers (gene expression, protein content, enzyme level, enzyme activity), and exercise protocols. A single bout of high-intensity or fasted exercise per se increases skeletal muscle SIRT1 gene expression as measured by qPCR or RT-PCR, while repeated resistance training alone increases blood SIRT1 levels measured by ELISA. A limited number of studies also show a propensity for an increase in muscle SIRT1 activity as measured by fluorometric or sirtuin activity assay. In conclusion, exercise acutely upregulates muscle SIRT1 gene expression and chronically increases SIRT1 blood enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Gallardo Juan
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, UK.
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, UK
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Mehramiz M, Porter T, O’Brien EK, Rainey-Smith SR, Laws SM. A Potential Role for Sirtuin-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing the Biological and Environmental Evidence. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:823-843. [PMID: 37662612 PMCID: PMC10473168 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), encoded by the SIRT1 gene, is a conserved Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent deacetylase enzyme, considered as the master regulator of metabolism in humans. Sirt1 contributes to a wide range of biological pathways via several mechanisms influenced by lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. The importance of a healthy lifestyle is of relevance to highly prevalent modern chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is growing evidence at multiple levels for a role of Sirt1/SIRT1 in AD pathological mechanisms. As such, this review will explore the relevance of Sirt1 to AD pathological mechanisms, by describing the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 in the development of AD pathological hallmarks, through its impact on the metabolism of amyloid-β and degradation of phosphorylated tau. We then explore the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 across different AD-relevant biological processes, including cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiome, before discussing the interplay between Sirt1 and AD-related lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, as well as depression, a common comorbidity. Genome-wide association studies have explored potential associations between SIRT1 and AD, as well as AD risk factors and co-morbidities. We summarize this evidence at the genetic level to highlight links between SIRT1 and AD, particularly associations with AD-related risk factors, such as heart disease. Finally, we review the current literature of potential interactions between SIRT1 genetic variants and lifestyle factors and how this evidence supports the need for further research to determine the relevance of these interactions with respect to AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrane Mehramiz
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor K. O’Brien
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:3-16. [PMID: 35351374 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is well established to increase mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle, a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Current understanding is that exercise initiates skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling via modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic and contractile stress pathways. These subtle changes in the cellular milieu are sensed by numerous transduction pathways that serve to initiate and coordinate an increase in mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. The result of these acute signaling events is the promotion of growth and assembly of mitochondria, coupled to a greater capacity for aerobic ATP provision in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to highlight the acute metabolic events induced by endurance exercise and the subsequent molecular pathways that sense this transient change in cellular homeostasis to drive mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Tarantino D, Theysmans T, Mottola R, Verbrugghe J. High-Intensity Training for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040091. [PMID: 37104165 PMCID: PMC10141118 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide. Exercise therapy has been identified as a first-line treatment option in patients suffering from knee OA. High-intensity training (HIT) is an innovative exercise modality with potential in improving various disease-related outcomes. The purpose of this review is to explore the impact of HIT on knee OA symptoms and physical functioning. A comprehensive search of scientific electronic databases was conducted to identify articles on the effects of HIT on knee OA. Thirteen studies were included in this review. Ten compared the effects of HIT with those of low-intensity training, moderate-intensity continuous training, or a control group. Three evaluated the effects of HIT alone. Eight reported a decrease in knee OA symptoms (especially pain), and eight reported an increase in physical functioning. HIT was shown to improve knee OA symptoms and physical functioning, but also aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and quality of life with minimal or no adverse events. However, compared with other exercise modalities, no clear superiority of HIT was found. HIT is a promising exercise strategy in patients with knee OA; nonetheless, the actual quality of evidence remains very low, and more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziano Tarantino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tine Theysmans
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Rosita Mottola
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Jonas Verbrugghe
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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Delfan M, Vahed A, Bishop DJ, Amadeh Juybari R, Laher I, Saeidi A, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Effects of two workload-matched high intensity interval training protocols on regulatory factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:927969. [PMID: 36213227 PMCID: PMC9541894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.927969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves mitochondrial characteristics. This study compared the impact of two workload-matched high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with different work:recovery ratios on regulatory factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control (DC), diabetic with long recovery exercise [4-5 × 2-min running at 80%-90% of the maximum speed reached with 2-min of recovery at 40% of the maximum speed reached (DHIIT1:1)], and diabetic with short recovery exercise (5-6 × 2-min running at 80%-90% of the maximum speed reached with 1-min of recovery at 30% of the maximum speed reached [DHIIT2:1]). Both HIIT protocols were completed five times/week for 4 weeks while maintaining equal running distances in each session. Results: Gene and protein expressions of PGC-1α, p53, and citrate synthase of the muscles increased significantly following DHIIT1:1 and DHIIT2:1 compared to DC (p ˂ 0.05). Most parameters, except for PGC-1α protein (p = 0.597), were significantly higher in DHIIT2:1 than in DHIIT1:1 (p ˂ 0.05). Both DHIIT groups showed significant increases in maximum speed with larger increases in DHIIT2:1 compared with DHIIT1:1. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that both HIIT protocols can potently up-regulate gene and protein expression of PGC-1α, p53, and CS. However, DHIIT2:1 has superior effects compared with DHIIT1:1 in improving mitochondrial adaptive responses in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alieh Vahed
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Sport and Health (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raheleh Amadeh Juybari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Rennes Cedex, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
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Reddy I, Yadav Y, Dey CS. Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Exercise—A Neuronal Perspective. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1551-1571. [PMID: 35986789 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on the proper functioning of the body have been firmly established. Multi-systemic metabolic regulation of exercise is the consequence of multitudinous changes that occur at the cellular level. The exercise responsome comprises all molecular entities including exerkines, miRNA species, growth factors, signaling proteins that are elevated and activated by physical exercise. Exerkines are secretory molecules released by organs such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and gut as a function of acute/chronic exercise. Exerkines such as FNDC5/irisin, Cathepsin B, Adiponectin, and IL-6 circulate through the bloodstream, cross the blood-brain barrier, and modulate the expression of important signaling molecules such as AMPK, SIRT1, PGC1α, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF which further contribute to improved energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and overall well-being of the body and brain. These molecules are also responsible for neuroprotective adaptations that exercise confers on the brain and potentially ameliorate neurodegeneration. This review aims to detail important cellular and molecular species that directly or indirectly mediate exercise-induced benefits in the body, with an emphasis on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishitha Reddy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yamini Yadav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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High-intensity interval training with or without chlorella vulgaris supplementation in obese and overweight women: effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:200-210. [PMID: 34433510 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and chlorella vulgaris (CV) on body composition and mitochondrial biogenesis have been shown in some mechanistic studies. This study aimed to determine the effects of CV and/or HIIT on mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition among overweight/obese women. There was a significant reduction in the fat mass (FM) of the CV + HIIT group, as compared with the placebo group (P = 0·005). A marginal significant increase in body water (P = 0·050) and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (P = 0·050) was also found only in the CV + HIIT group, as compared with the placebo. Relative (P < 0·001) and absolute (P < 0·001) VO2max, as well as Bruce MET (P < 0·001), were significantly increased in the HIIT and HIIT + CV groups. Besides, the synergistic effect of CV and HIIT on the Bruce MET increment was found (interaction P-value = 0·029). No significant changes were observed in BMI, fat-free mass, visceral fat, silent information regulator 1 and fibroblast growth factor-21. In this randomised clinical trial, forty-six overweight/obese women were assigned to four groups including CV + HIIT and HIIT + placebo groups that received three capsules of CV (300 mg capsules, three times a day) or corn starch, in combination with three sessions/week of HIIT. CV and placebo groups only received 900 mg of CV or corn starch, daily, for 8 weeks. Biochemical assessments, performance assessment and body composition were obtained at the beginning and end of the intervention. HIIT may be, therefore, effective in improving mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition in overweight/obese women.
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Orhan C, Gencoglu H, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ojalvo S, Sylla S, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Maca could improve endurance capacity possibly by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis pathways and antioxidant response in exercised rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14159. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Hasan Gencoglu
- Biology Department, Science Faculty Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Biology Department, Science Faculty Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | | | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition21 LLC Harrison New York USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
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Maintenance of NAD+ Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle during Aging and Exercise. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040710. [PMID: 35203360 PMCID: PMC8869961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a versatile chemical compound serving as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways and as a substrate to support the enzymatic functions of sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase (CD38). Under normal physiological conditions, NAD+ consumption is matched by its synthesis primarily via the salvage pathway catalyzed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, aging and muscular contraction enhance NAD+ utilization, whereas NAD+ replenishment is limited by cellular sources of NAD+ precursors and/or enzyme expression. This paper will briefly review NAD+ metabolic functions, its roles in regulating cell signaling, mechanisms of its degradation and biosynthesis, and major challenges to maintaining its cellular level in skeletal muscle. The effects of aging, physical exercise, and dietary supplementation on NAD+ homeostasis will be highlighted based on recent literature.
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Effect of Interval Training on the Factors Influencing Maximal Oxygen Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1329-1352. [PMID: 35041180 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) is an important measure in exercise science as it is an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Individual studies have identified central and peripheral adaptions to interval training that may underlie improvements in VO2max, but there is no compilation of results. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review the adaptive responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on the central and peripheral factors influencing VO2max in healthy individuals. DATA SOURCES SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE (up to and including 13 June, 2020) were explored to conduct the literature search. STUDY SELECTION Reviewed studies met the following criteria: (1) were in the English language; (2) prospective in nature; (3) included at least three interval sessions or were at least 1 week in duration; (4) contained HIIT or SIT; (5) involved participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years; and (6) included at least one of the following central (blood volume, plasma volume, hemoglobin mass, left ventricular mass, maximal stroke volume, maximal cardiac output) or peripheral factors (capillary density, maximal citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial respiration associated with VO2max). RESULTS Thirty-two studies (369 participants, 49 were female) were included in the quantitative analyses, consisting of both HIIT (n = 18) and SIT (n = 17) interventions. There were only statistically significant changes in hematological measures (plasma volume) following HIIT. There was a significant increase in left ventricular mass following HIIT (7.4%, p < 0.001) and SIT (5.3%, p = 0.007) in inactive individuals, though the change following SIT may be misleading. There was only a significant increase in maximal stroke volume (14.1%, p = 0.015) and maximal cardiac output (12.6%, p = 0.002) following HIIT. In addition to central factors, there was a significant increase in capillary density (13.8%, p < 0.001) following SIT in active individuals. With respect to maximal citrate synthase activity, there were improvements following HIIT (20.8%, p < 0.001) and SIT (15.7%, p < 0.001, I2 = 97%) in active individuals. The results for mitochondrial respiration suggested that there was no statistically significant improvement following HIIT (5.0%, p = 0.585). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in the central and peripheral factors influencing VO2max were dependent on the interval type. Only HIIT led to a statistically significant improvement in cardiac function. Both HIIT and SIT increased maximal citrate synthase activity, while changes in other peripheral measures (capillary density, mitochondrial respiration) only occurred with SIT.
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Gharakhanlou BJ, Bonab SB. The effect of 12 weeks of training in water on serum levels of SIRT1 and FGF-21, glycemic index, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Singleton JR, Foster-Palmer S, Marcus RL. Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e230921196752. [PMID: 34561989 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210923125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is among the most common complications of diabetes, but a phenotypically identical distal sensory predominant, painful axonopathy afflicts patients with prediabetic metabolic syndrome, exemplifying a spectrum of risk and continuity of pathogenesis. No pharmacological treatment convincingly improves neuropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, but evolving data suggest that exercise may be a promising alternative. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review in depth the current literature regarding exercise treatment of metabolic syndrome neuropathy in humans and animal models, highlight the diverse mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects, and examine adherence limitations, safety aspects, modes and dose of exercise. RESULTS Rodent models that recapitulate the organismal milieu of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of its neuropathy provide a strong platform to dissect exercise effects on neuropathy pathogenesis. In these models, exercise reverses hyperglycemia and consequent oxidative and nitrosative stress, improves microvascular vasoreactivity, enhances axonal transport, ameliorates the lipotoxicity and inflammatory effects of hyperlipidemia and obesity, supports neuronal survival and regeneration following injury, and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics at the distal axon. Prospective human studies are limited in scale but suggest exercise to improve cutaneous nerve regenerative capacity, neuropathic pain, and task-specific functional performance measures of gait and balance. Like other heath behavioral interventions, the benefits of exercise are limited by patient adherence. CONCLUSION Exercise is an integrative therapy that potently reduces cellular inflammatory state and improves distal axonal oxidative metabolism to ameliorate features of neuropathy in metabolic syndrome. The intensity of exercise need not improve cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, including weight, glucose control, to exert beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin L Marcus
- Department Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, UT, United States
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15
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Fang Y, Wang X, Yang D, Lu Y, Wei G, Yu W, Liu X, Zheng Q, Ying J, Hua F. Relieving Cellular Energy Stress in Aging, Neurodegenerative, and Metabolic Diseases, SIRT1 as a Therapeutic and Promising Node. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:738686. [PMID: 34616289 PMCID: PMC8489683 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.738686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular energy state will alter under the influence of physiological or pathological stimuli. In response to this change, cells usually mobilize various molecules and their mechanisms to promote the stability of the intracellular energy status. Mitochondria are the main source of ATP. Previous studies have found that the function of mitochondria is impaired in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases, and the damaged mitochondria bring lower ATP production, which further worsens the progression of the disease. Silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) is a multipotent molecule that participates in the regulation of important biological processes in cells, including cellular metabolism, cell senescence, and inflammation. In this review, we mainly discuss that promoting the expression and activity of SIRT1 contributes to alleviating the energy stress produced by physiological and pathological conditions. The review also discusses the mechanism of precise regulation of SIRT1 expression and activity in various dimensions. Finally, according to the characteristics of this mechanism in promoting the recovery of mitochondrial function, the relationship between current pharmacological preparations and aging, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and other diseases was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yimei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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16
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Effects of Interval Exercise Training on Serum Biochemistry and Bone Mineral Density in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092528. [PMID: 34573494 PMCID: PMC8468388 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, six male beagle dogs underwent 12 weeks of interval exercise following the Frequency, Intensity, Time/duration, Type, Volume, and Progression (FITT-VP) training principle. The heart rate (HR) response was measured during the entire exercise period, and changes in bone mineral density (BMD), muscle volume (MV), and hematology and serum biomarkers were evaluated at the pre-exercise training period and post-exercise training period. We showed that exercise training increased BMD in the femur and serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase levels. In addition, our data suggest a positive correlation between BMD and TALP, demonstrating that increased TALP might be an important contributing factor for enhancing BMD with physical training in dogs. Abstract Exercise has been suggested as a powerful intervention for health care and fitness management in humans; however, few studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise training in dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise training on heart rate (HR), bone mineral density (BMD), muscle volume (MV), and hematological and serum biomarkers in dogs. Six healthy beagles completed the interval treadmill exercise, developed on the basis of the FITT principle, two times a week for 12 weeks. To evaluate the physiological parameters, the HR values were analyzed using the Polar H10 system during the entire exercise period. At pre-and post-exercise, quantitative computed tomography and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. The interval exercise resulted in a normal HR response and no adverse behavioral or physiological effects on the dogs. We showed that exercise improved BMD in the femur (541.6 ± 16.7 vs. 610.2 ± 27.8 HA, p < 0.01) and increased serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP; 68.6 ± 9.2 vs. 81.3 ± 17.2, p < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (23.5 ± 1.0 vs. 33.5 ± 1.6, p < 0.01), and creatine kinase (114.8 ± 5.3 vs. 214.0 ± 20.8, p < 0.01) levels. There was a positive relationship between BMD and TALP (femur: r = 0.760, p = 0.004; vertebrae: r = 0.637; p = 0.025). Our findings suggest that interval exercise training is beneficial to increase BMD in the femur, and an increased TALP level would be a concomitant mechanism for enhancing BMD with exercise in dogs.
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Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
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18
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Taylor L, Jakeman JR. The Impact of a Repeated Sprint Training Program on Performance Measures in Male Field Hockey Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:1984-1988. [PMID: 33651730 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Taylor, L and Jakeman, JR. The impact of a repeated sprint training program on performance measures in male field hockey players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to be effective at improving athletic performance in laboratory studies, but the efficacy of SIT programs incorporated into normal training schedules is poorly considered. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a running SIT intervention applied to competitive athletes within a training program and to consider whether an uphill or flat (horizontal) SIT protocol had different effects on performance changes over time. Eighteen male hockey players (mean ± SD: age, 20.7 ± 0.9 years; hockey training experience, 9.9 ± 3.0 years) completed 2 sessions of SIT per week for 8 weeks, with intensity progressively increasing from 6 sprints in week 1 to 12 sprints in week 8. Subjects were randomly allocated to a flat or uphill (6% gradient) training condition (n = 9) and completed 30-m maximal sprint efforts with a 30-second recovery. Performance measures, including squat jump, 30-m sprint speed, and repeated sprint time, all improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Squat jump performance improved by 3.84 (d = 0.8) and 3.55 (d = 0.7) in the flat and uphill groups, respectively. Thirty-meter sprint speed improved by 0.06 (d = -0.4) and 0.10 (d = -0.7), and repeated sprint performance also improved, with the fastest of recorded sprints after intervention being 0.06 and 0.04 faster in the flat and uphill groups, respectively. Supplementing a normal hockey training week with SIT can have a positive impact on performance measures in male university hockey players. Furthermore, using an uphill training modality had a small, nonsignificant additional positive effect to some performance adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Wojciak G, Szymura J, Szygula Z, Gradek J, Wiecek M. The Effect of Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Sirt1 and Sirt3 Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Older and Young Men Performing Different Levels of Physical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010037. [PMID: 33396247 PMCID: PMC7823702 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and sirtuins (Sirt) decreases along with age, which is counteracted by aerobic training. Sirtuins increase antioxidant defence. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) increases total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in young men. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of 24 WBC treatments on the blood concentration of selected sirtuins and the level of antioxidant defence as well as oxidative stress index of training and non-training men depending on age. Methods: The study involved 40 males. In each group, there were 10 non-training older and young men (60 NTR and 20 NTR), and 10 older and young long-distance runners (60 TR, 20 TR). During an 8-week period, participants underwent 24 WBC treatments (3 min −130 °C), which were performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). The concentrations of Sirt1, Sirt3, TAC, total oxidative status and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood were determined before 1 WBC and after 1 WBC, 12 WBC and 24 WBC. Results: After 1 WBC, the activity of GPx and the concentration of Sirt1 and TAC in 60 TR and TAC in 60 NTR increased. After 12 WBC, the level of Sirt1 in 20 NTR and SOD in 20 TR increased. After 24 WBC, the level of Sirt1 increased in 60 TR and in 20 NTR, Sirt3 in 60 TR and SOD in 20 TR. Conclusions: Cryogenic temperatures increase blood levels of Sirt1 and Sirt3 and systemic antioxidant defence in men, but the effect is dependent on age, level of performed physical activity and the number of applied treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Wojciak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sport Medicine and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gradek
- Department of Athletics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (M.W.)
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20
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Fritzen AM, Lundsgaard AM, Kiens B. Tuning fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle with dietary fat and exercise. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:683-696. [PMID: 32963340 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both the consumption of a diet rich in fatty acids and exercise training result in similar adaptations in several skeletal muscle proteins. These adaptations are involved in fatty acid uptake and activation within the myocyte, the mitochondrial import of fatty acids and further metabolism of fatty acids by β-oxidation. Fatty acid availability is repeatedly increased postprandially during the day, particularly during high dietary fat intake and also increases during, and after, aerobic exercise. As such, fatty acids are possible signalling candidates that regulate transcription of target genes encoding proteins involved in muscle lipid metabolism. The mechanism of signalling might be direct or indirect targeting of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by fatty acid ligands, by fatty acid-induced NAD+-stimulated activation of sirtuin 1 and/or fatty acid-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Lactate might also have a role in lipid metabolic adaptations. Obesity is characterized by impairments in fatty acid oxidation capacity, and individuals with obesity show some rigidity in increasing fatty acid oxidation in response to high fat intake. However, individuals with obesity retain improvements in fatty acid oxidation capacity in response to exercise training, thereby highlighting exercise training as a potential method to improve lipid metabolic flexibility in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Licorice flavonoid oil supplementation promotes a reduction of visceral fat in exercised rats. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:480-488. [PMID: 33000933 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effect of exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation on visceral fat was investigated. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control, exercise (Ex), control with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation (LFO), and exercise with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation (ExLFO) groups. The rats in the Ex and ExLFO groups ran on a treadmill (20-degree incline at 20 m/min for 30 min/day) 5 times a week for 7 weeks, and those in the LFO and ExLFO groups were orally administered with licorice flavonoid oil daily using a feeding needle. RESULTS Exercise or licorice flavonoid oil supplementation resulted in the reduction of the visceral fat mass and adipocyte size, respectively. In addition, exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation more effectively decreased both measures. Exercise alone increased the β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) and citrate synthase (CS) activities in the soleus and plantaris muscles, and licorice flavonoid oil supplementation alone increased the hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase-2 (CPT-2) activity. Furthermore, the combination of exercise and licorice flavonoid oil supplementation enhanced the both muscular β-HAD and CS activities, and hepatic CPT-2 activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation may be effective to decrease visceral adipose tissue via enhancing skeletomuscular and hepatic fatty acids oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan -
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22
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Hooshmand-Moghadam B, Eskandari M, Golestani F, Rezae S, Mahmoudi N, Gaeini AA. The effect of 12-week resistance exercise training on serum levels of cellular aging process parameters in elderly men. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111090. [PMID: 32919015 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has a positive effect on the prevention of cellular aging. The present study investigated the effect of 12-week resistance training (RT) on serum levels of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), and telomerase enzyme in elderly men. METHODS For this purpose, 30 elderly men (age 66.23 ± 0.57 years) were randomly divided into two groups: resistance training group (RET, n = 15) and control group (CTR, n = 15). Participants in RET performed RT protocols with intensity of 60% one-repetition maximum (3×/week, 4 sets of the six exercise circuits). Body composition, physical functioning and, blood samples were assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) a 12-week intervention. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant increase in serum levels of SIRT1 (P = 0.001), SIRT3 (P = 0.001), SIRT6 (P = 0.02), PGC1-α (P = 0.001), and telomerase enzyme (P = 0.001) in RET. Also, we found a significant difference between the RET and CTR in serum levels of SIRT1 (P = 0.001), SIRT3 (P = 0.001), SIRT6 (P = 0.037), PGC1-α (P = 0.007), and telomerase enzyme (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS 12-Week RT increased the levels of proteins associated with the biological aging process in elderly men. It seems that the RT may have beneficial effects on cellular senescence and also improved impaired mitochondrial protein and enzymatic functional induced aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand-Moghadam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Eskandari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fateme Golestani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezae
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Mahmoudi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Lamb DA, Moore JH, Mesquita PHC, Smith MA, Vann CG, Osburn SC, Fox CD, Lopez HL, Ziegenfuss TN, Huggins KW, Goodlett MD, Fruge AD, Kavazis AN, Young KC, Roberts MD. Resistance training increases muscle NAD + and NADH concentrations as well as NAMPT protein levels and global sirtuin activity in middle-aged, overweight, untrained individuals. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9447-9460. [PMID: 32369778 PMCID: PMC7288928 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined if resistance training affected muscle NAD+ and NADH concentrations as well as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) protein levels and sirtuin (SIRT) activity markers in middle-aged, untrained (MA) individuals. MA participants (59±4 years old; n=16) completed 10 weeks of full-body resistance training (2 d/wk). Body composition, knee extensor strength, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained prior to training (Pre) and 72 hours following the last training bout (Post). Data from trained college-aged men (22±3 years old, training age: 6±2 years old; n=15) were also obtained for comparative purposes. Muscle NAD+ (+127%, p<0.001), NADH (+99%, p=0.002), global SIRT activity (+13%, p=0.036), and NAMPT protein (+15%, p=0.014) increased from Pre to Post in MA participants. Additionally, Pre muscle NAD+ and NADH in MA participants were lower than college-aged participants (p<0.05), whereas Post values were similar between cohorts (p>0.10). Interestingly, muscle citrate synthase activity levels (i.e., mitochondrial density) increased in MA participants from Pre to Post (+183%, p<0.001), and this increase was significantly associated with increases in muscle NAD+ (r2=0.592, p=0.001). In summary, muscle NAD+, NADH, and global SIRT activity are positively affected by resistance training in middle-aged, untrained individuals. Whether these adaptations facilitated mitochondrial biogenesis remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Lamb
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | - Morgan A Smith
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Carlton D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hector L Lopez
- Center for Applied Health Sciences, Canfield, OH 44406, USA
| | | | - Kevin W Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michael D Goodlett
- Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Andrew D Fruge
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
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24
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Torma F, Gombos Z, Jokai M, Takeda M, Mimura T, Radak Z. High intensity interval training and molecular adaptive response of skeletal muscle. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 1:24-32. [PMID: 35782463 PMCID: PMC9219277 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular fitness, V˙O2max, is associated with enhanced endurance capacity and a decreased rate of mortality. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the best methods to increase V˙O2max and endurance capacity for top athletes and for the general public as well. Because of the high intensity of this type of training, the adaptive response is not restricted to Type I fibers, as found for moderate intensity exercise of long duration. Even with a short exercise duration, HIIT can induce activation of AMPK, PGC-1α, SIRT1 and ROS pathway as well as by the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, leading to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and angiogenesis. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the adaptive response of HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Torma
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gombos
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matyas Jokai
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Masaki Takeda
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author. Alkotas u. 44, Budapest, H-1123, Hungary.
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Pacifici F, Di Cola D, Pastore D, Abete P, Guadagni F, Donadel G, Bellia A, Esposito E, Salimei C, Sinibaldi Salimei P, Ricordi C, Lauro D, Della-Morte D. Proposed Tandem Effect of Physical Activity and Sirtuin 1 and 3 Activation in Regulating Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194748. [PMID: 31557786 PMCID: PMC6801856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are seven nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases enzymes (SIRT1–7) that play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Among those, the most studied are SIRT1 and SIRT3, a nuclear SIRT and a mitochondrial SIRT, respectively, which significantly impact with an increase in mammals’ lifespan by modulating metabolic cellular processes. Particularly, when activated, both SIRT1 and 3 enhance pancreatic β-cells’ insulin release and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress pancreatic damage, maintaining then glucose homeostasis. Therefore, SIRT1 and 3 activators have been proposed to prevent and counteract metabolic age-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Physical activity (PA) has a well-established beneficial effect on phenotypes of aging like β-cell dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Recent experimental and clinical evidence reports that PA increases the expression levels of both SIRT1 and 3, suggesting that PA may exert its healthy contribute even by activating SIRTs. Therefore, in the present article, we discuss the role of SIRT1, SIRT3, and PA on β-cell function and on diabetes. We also discuss the possible interaction between PA and activation of SIRTs as a possible therapeutic strategy to maintain glucose hemostasis and to prevent T2DM and its complications, especially in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Di Cola
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Esposito
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Salimei
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Neuroscience, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Sinibaldi Salimei
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Islam H, Hood DA, Gurd BJ. Looking beyond PGC-1α: emerging regulators of exercise-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and their activation by dietary compounds. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:11-23. [PMID: 31158323 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite its widespread acceptance as the "master regulator" of mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., the expansion of the mitochondrial reticulum), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) appears to be dispensable for the training-induced augmentation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and respiratory function. In fact, a number of regulatory proteins have emerged as important players in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and many of these proteins share key attributes with PGC-1α. In an effort to move past the simplistic notion of a "master regulator" of mitochondrial biogenesis, we highlight the regulatory mechanisms by which nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), PPARβ, and leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRP130) may contribute to the control of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. We also present evidence supporting/refuting the ability of sulforaphane, quercetin, and epicatechin to promote skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and their potential to augment mitochondrial training adaptations. Targeted activation of specific pathways by these compounds may allow for greater mechanistic insight into the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Dietary activation of mitochondrial biogenesis may also be useful in clinical populations with basal reductions in mitochondrial protein content, enzyme activities, and/or respiratory function as well as individuals who exhibit a blunted skeletal muscle responsiveness to contractile activity. Novelty The existence of redundant pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis refutes the simplistic notion of a "master regulator" of mitochondrial biogenesis. Dietary activation of specific pathways may provide greater mechanistic insight into the exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Exercise and Sirtuins: A Way to Mitochondrial Health in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112717. [PMID: 31163574 PMCID: PMC6600260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins form a family of evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylases. Seven sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7) have been described in mammals, with specific intracellular localization and biological functions associated with mitochondrial energy homeostasis, antioxidant activity, proliferation and DNA repair. Physical exercise affects the expression of sirtuin in skeletal muscle, regulating changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism and the cellular antioxidant system. In this context, sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 3 have been the most studied. This review focuses on the effects of different types of exercise on these sirtuins, the molecular pathways involved and the biological effect that is caused mainly in healthy subjects. The reported findings suggest that an acute load of exercise activates SIRT1, which in turn activates biogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Additionally, several sessions of exercise (training) activates SIRT1 and also SIRT3 that, together with the biogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative function, jointly activate ATP production and the mitochondrial antioxidant function.
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Energy Expenditure and Intensity of Group-Based High-Intensity Functional Training: A Brief Report. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:470-476. [PMID: 31104545 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background High-intensity functional training (HIFT) may offer an attractive, time-efficient alternative to traditional aerobic exercise. However, limited information is available in the literature regarding HIFT meeting exercise guidelines for energy expenditure (improve health outcomes: ≥1000 kcal/wk; weight management: ≥2000 kcal/wk) and level of intensity (moderate: 3-6 metabolic equivalents [METs], vigorous: ≥6 METs) elicited by this approach. Thus, the primary aim was to objectively measure energy expenditure and intensity of HIFT sessions. Methods \Energy expenditure was assessed in 20 adults (18-50 y, 50% females). The HIFT session format included the following segments: warm-up (∼5 min), exercise (∼35 min), and cooldown (∼5 min). Participant oxygen consumption (COSMED, L/min and mL/kg/min), heart rate (Polar RS400), and physical activity (ActiGraph GT3X+) were collected in 15-second intervals. Average kcal per minute, METs, total kcal per session, and percent maximum heart rate (HRmax) were calculated. Results METs ranged from 5.5 to 11.6 for the complete session (including warm-up and cooldown). Participant's HRmax was ∼80% (range: 69%-100%). Average energy expenditure was ∼485 kcal per session (∼1400 kcal/wk). The vigorous-intensity exercise portion (∼35 min) contributed to 80% of total energy expenditure. Conclusions HIFT has the potential to meet the recommendations for exercise to improve health outcomes.
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Dela F, Ingersen A, Andersen NB, Nielsen MB, Petersen HHH, Hansen CN, Larsen S, Wojtaszewski J, Helge JW. Effects of one-legged high-intensity interval training on insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13245. [PMID: 30585698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glucose clearance rates in skeletal muscle and explore the mechanism within the muscle. METHODS Ten males with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ten matched healthy subjects performed 2 weeks of one-legged HIIT (total of eight sessions, each comprised of 10 × 1 minute ergometer bicycle exercise at >80% of maximal heart rate, interspersed with one min of rest). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an isoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp combined with arteriovenous leg balance technique of the trained (T) and the untrained (UT) leg and muscle biopsies of both legs. RESULTS Insulin-stimulated glucose clearance in T legs was ~30% higher compared with UT legs in both groups due to increased blood flow in T vs UT legs and maintained glucose extraction. With each training session, muscle glycogen content decreased only in the training leg, and after the training, glycogen synthase and citrate synthase activities were higher in T vs UT legs. No major changes occurred in the expression of proteins in the insulin signalling cascade. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was similar in T2DM and healthy subjects, and unchanged by HIIT. CONCLUSION HIIT improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. With HIIT, the skeletal muscle of patients with T2DM becomes just as insulin sensitive as untrained muscle in healthy subjects. The mechanism includes oscillations in muscle glycogen stores and a maintained ability to extract glucose from the blood in the face of increased blood flow in the trained leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nynne B. Andersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria B. Nielsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Helga H. H. Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christina N. Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Jørgen Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Alsabah Alavizadeh N, Rashidlamir A, Hejazi SM. Effects of Eight Weeks of Cardiac Rehabilitation Training on Serum Levels of Sirtuin1 and Functional Capacity of Post- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.13.2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Principles of Exercise Prescription, and How They Influence Exercise-Induced Changes of Transcription Factors and Other Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Sports Med 2019; 48:1541-1559. [PMID: 29675670 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity represents the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, and it has been linked with a series of chronic disorders, the treatment of which absorbs ~ 85% of healthcare costs in developed countries. Conversely, physical activity promotes many health benefits; endurance exercise in particular represents a powerful stimulus to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, and it is routinely used to prevent and treat chronic metabolic disorders linked with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics. Given the importance of maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool, it is vital to better characterize how manipulating the endurance exercise dose affects cellular mechanisms of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Herein, we propose a definition of mitochondrial biogenesis and the techniques available to assess it, and we emphasize the importance of standardizing biopsy timing and the determination of relative exercise intensity when comparing different studies. We report an intensity-dependent regulation of exercise-induced increases in nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein content, nuclear phosphorylation of p53 (serine 15), and PGC-1α messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as training-induced increases in PGC-1α and p53 protein content. Despite evidence that PGC-1α protein content plateaus within a few exercise sessions, we demonstrate that greater training volumes induce further increases in PGC-1α (and p53) protein content, and that short-term reductions in training volume decrease the content of both proteins, suggesting training volume is still a factor affecting training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, training-induced changes in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein content are regulated in a training volume-dependent manner and have been linked with training-induced changes in mitochondrial content.
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Training-Induced Changes in Mitochondrial Content and Respiratory Function in Human Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2018; 48:1809-1828. [PMID: 29934848 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle has been linked to a number of metabolic disorders that have been associated with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics and an increased risk of premature death. Endurance training can induce an increase in mitochondrial content and/or mitochondrial functional qualities, which are associated with improved health and well-being and longer life expectancy. It is therefore important to better define how manipulating key parameters of an endurance training intervention can influence the content and functionality of the mitochondrial pool. This review focuses on mitochondrial changes taking place following a series of exercise sessions (training-induced mitochondrial adaptations), providing an in-depth analysis of the effects of exercise intensity and training volume on changes in mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function. We provide evidence that manipulation of different exercise training variables promotes specific and diverse mitochondrial adaptations. Specifically, we report that training volume may be a critical factor affecting changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity is an important determinant of changes in mitochondrial respiratory function. As a consequence, a dissociation between training-induced changes in mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function is often observed. We also provide evidence that exercise-induced changes are not necessarily predictive of training-induced adaptations, we propose possible explanations for the above discrepancies and suggestions for future research.
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Alavizadeh NS, Rashidlamir A, Hejazi SM. Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic and Combined Training on Serum Levels of Sirtuin 1 and PGC-1α in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.5.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Zainabadi K. The variable role of SIRT1 in the maintenance and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med 2018; 13:343-356. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that acts as a nutrient sensitive regulator of longevity. SIRT1 also acts as a key regulator of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adult stem cells that give rise to tissues such as bone, fat, muscle and cartilage. This review focuses on how SIRT1 regulates the self-renewal, multipotency and differentiation of MSCs. The variable role of SIRT1 in promoting the differentiation of MSCs towards certain lineages, while repressing others, will be examined within the broader context of aging, calorie restriction, and regenerative medicine. Finally, recent animal and human studies will be highlighted which paint an overall salutary role for SIRT1 in protecting MSCs (and resulting tissues) from age-related atrophy and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Zainabadi
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Abstract
The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins display distinct subcellular localizations and functions and are involved in cell survival, senescence, metabolism and genome stability. Among the mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been thoroughly investigated and have prominent metabolic regulatory roles. Moreover, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of other Sirtuins are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that these Sirtuins also play important roles in inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism. Insulin resistance is the critical pathological trait of obesity and metabolic syndrome as well as the core defect in T2DM. Accumulating clinical and experimental animal evidence suggests the potential roles of the remaining Sirtuins in the regulation of insulin resistance through diverse biological mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the functions of Sirtuins in various insulin resistance-associated physiological processes, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the insulin signaling pathway, glucose, and lipid metabolism. In addition, we highlight the important gaps that must be addressed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqiang Tang
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hou-Zao Chen ;
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Schubert MM, Palumbo E, Seay RF, Spain KK, Clarke HE. Energy compensation after sprint- and high-intensity interval training. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189590. [PMID: 29244836 PMCID: PMC5731706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Methods Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean age, BMI, & VO2max = 28 yrs, 27.7 kg•m-2, and 32 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed either 4 weeks of sprint-interval training or high-intensity interval training. Energy compensation was calculated from changes in body composition (air displacement plethysmography) and exercise energy expenditure was calculated from mean heart rate based on the heart rate-VO2 relationship. Differences between high (≥ 100%) and low (< 100%) levels of energy compensation were assessed. Linear regressions were utilized to determine associations between energy compensation and ΔVO2max, ΔEI, ΔNEPA, and Δresting metabolic rate. Results Very large individual differences in energy compensation were noted. In comparison to individuals with low levels of compensation, individuals with high levels of energy compensation gained fat mass, lost fat-free mass, and had lower change scores for VO2max and NEPA. Linear regression results indicated that lower levels of energy compensation were associated with increases in ΔVO2max (p < 0.001) and ΔNEPA (p < 0.001). Conclusions Considerable variation exists in response to short-term, low dose interval training. In agreement with prior work, increases in ΔVO2max and ΔNEPA were associated with lower energy compensation. Future studies should focus on identifying if a dose-response relationship for energy compensation exists in response to interval training, and what underlying mechanisms and participant traits contribute to the large variation between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Schubert
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University–San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elyse Palumbo
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University–San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States of America
| | - Rebekah F. Seay
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Katie K. Spain
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States of America
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Holly E. Clarke
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
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Dent JR, Martins VF, Svensson K, LaBarge SA, Schlenk NC, Esparza MC, Buckner EH, Meyer GA, Hamilton DL, Schenk S, Philp A. Muscle-specific knockout of general control of amino acid synthesis 5 (GCN5) does not enhance basal or endurance exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptation. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1574-1584. [PMID: 29111103 PMCID: PMC5699915 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates metabolic function in skeletal muscle. The acetyltransferase, general control of amino acid synthesis 5 (GCN5), has been proposed as a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis via its inhibitory action on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). However, the specific contribution of GCN5 to skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial adaptations to endurance exercise in vivo remain to be defined. We aimed to determine whether loss of GCN5 in skeletal muscle enhances mitochondrial density and function, and the adaptive response to endurance exercise training. METHODS We used Cre-LoxP methodology to generate mice with muscle-specific knockout of GCN5 (mKO) and floxed, wildtype (WT) littermates. We measured whole-body energy expenditure, as well as markers of mitochondrial density, biogenesis, and function in skeletal muscle from sedentary mice, and mice that performed 20 days of voluntary endurance exercise training. RESULTS Despite successful knockdown of GCN5 activity in skeletal muscle of mKO mice, whole-body energy expenditure as well as skeletal muscle mitochondrial abundance and maximal respiratory capacity were comparable between mKO and WT mice. Further, there were no genotype differences in endurance exercise-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis or increases in PGC-1α protein content. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that loss of GCN5 in vivo does not promote metabolic remodeling in mouse skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Noah C Schlenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mary C Esparza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elisa H Buckner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Yan X, Eynon N, Papadimitriou ID, Kuang J, Munson F, Tirosh O, O'Keefe L, Griffiths LR, Ashton KJ, Byrne N, Pitsiladis YP, Bishop DJ. The gene SMART study: method, study design, and preliminary findings. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:821. [PMID: 29143594 PMCID: PMC5688409 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene SMART (genes and the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Training) Study aims to identify genetic variants that predict the response to both a single session of High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and to four weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). While the training and testing centre is located at Victoria University, Melbourne, three other centres have been launched at Bond University, Queensland University of Technology, Australia, and the University of Brighton, UK. Currently 39 participants have already completed the study and the overall aim is to recruit 200 moderately-trained, healthy Caucasians participants (all males 18-45 y, BMI < 30). Participants will undergo exercise testing and exercise training by an identical exercise program. Dietary habits will be assessed by questionnaire and dietitian consultation. Activity history is assessed by questionnaire and current activity level is assessed by an activity monitor. Skeletal muscle biopsies and blood samples will be collected before, immediately after and 3 h post HIIE, with the fourth resting biopsy and blood sample taken after four weeks of supervised HIIT (3 training sessions per week). Each session consists of eight to fourteen 2-min intervals performed at the pre-training lactate threshold (LT) power plus 40 to 70% of the difference between pre-training lactate threshold (LT) and peak aerobic power (Wpeak). A number of muscle and blood analyses will be performed, including (but not limited to) genotyping, mitochondrial respiration, transcriptomics, protein expression analyses, and enzyme activity. The participants serve as their own controls. Even though the gene SMART study is tightly controlled, our preliminary findings still indicate considerable individual variability in both performance (in-vivo) and muscle (in-situ) adaptations to similar training. More participants are required to allow us to better investigate potential underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for this individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ioannis D Papadimitriou
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Fiona Munson
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Oren Tirosh
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lannie O'Keefe
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport (BIHS), Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Nuala Byrne
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport (BIHS), Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
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Schubert MM, Clarke HE, Seay RF, Spain KK. Impact of 4 weeks of interval training on resting metabolic rate, fitness, and health-related outcomes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017. [PMID: 28633001 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation (respiratory exchange ratio; RER) are important indicators of health. The effects of interval training on RMR have not been thoroughly investigated, which was the purpose of the present study. Thirty men and women (mean ± SD age and maximal oxygen uptake: 28.8 ± 7.6 years and 33.0 ± 8.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 4 weeks of Wingate-based sprint interval training (SIT), repeated 1-min high-intensity intervals (HIIT), or served as controls. Before and after training, RMR, resting RER, maximal oxygen uptake, body composition, physical activity, and energy intake were recorded. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA. RMR increased in response to 4 weeks of SIT training (1789 ± 293 to 1855 ± 320 kcal·day-1; p = 0.003) but did not increase after HIIT (1670 ± 324 to 1704 ± 329 kcal·day-1; p = 0.06). While SIT increased RMR by ∼2× the magnitude of HIIT, the difference was not significant (p = 0.5). Fasting substrate oxidation and RER did not change (p > 0.05). Maximal oxygen uptake increased, and small changes were also observed in percent body fat and fat mass (p < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, SIT provided a time-efficient stimulus to increase RMR after 4 weeks in healthy adults. However, the clinical relevance of the changes observed in this study remains to be determined. Further studies should be conducted in obese individuals and those with diabetes or insulin resistance to examine if interval training (≥4 weeks) influences resting metabolic rate in magnitudes similar to that reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Schubert
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA
| | - Holly E Clarke
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA
| | - Rebekah F Seay
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA
| | - Katie K Spain
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA
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Effects of 10 weeks of high intensity interval training and green tea supplementation on serum levels of Sirtuin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha in overweight women. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Saner NJ, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. Is exercise a viable therapeutic intervention to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by sleep loss? Sleep Med Rev 2017; 37:60-68. [PMID: 29056415 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor comparable to that of physical inactivity for the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is a concern as it was estimated in 2012 that approximately 70 million adults in the United States are sleeping less than 6 h each night, and the average nightly sleep duration of a representative sample of the U.S. adult population is reported to be significantly less than in previous decades. The underlying mechanisms responsible for chronic sleep loss induced insulin resistance include modifications in the regulation of hormone secretion, peripheral clock gene regulation, and the cellular signaling processes associated with regulating mitochondrial respiratory function. Emerging evidence shows these mechanisms share similar biochemical signaling pathways to those underpinning exercise-induced adaptations, which together suggest exercise might be a viable, suitable, and potent treatment alternative to alleviate sleep loss induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In this theoretical review, we provide a summary of the impact of reduced sleep duration and quality on mitochondrial function and insulin resistance, before detailing the possible underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose how and why regular exercise may be a therapeutic intervention to mitigate sleep loss induced mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Bartlett
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Ryan AS, Li G, Hafer-Macko C, Ivey FM. Resistive Training and Molecular Regulators of Vascular-Metabolic Risk in Chronic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:962-968. [PMID: 27955950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC-1α) gene and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) respond to physiological stimuli and regulate insulin resistance. Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and vascular CAM-1 (sVCAM-1) are associated with increased risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Resistive training (RT) reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin action in chronic stroke. Yet, the molecular mechanisms for this are unknown. This study will determine the effects of RT on skeletal muscle PGC-1α and SIRT-1 mRNA expression and inflammatory and vascular markers. METHODS Stroke survivors (50-76 years) underwent a fasting blood draw for measurement of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, serum amyloid A, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and bilateral vastus lateralis biopsies before and after RT. Participants were also assessed using bilateral multislice thigh computed tomography scans from the knee to the hip, a total body scan by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 1-repetition maximum strength testing. Subjects performed 2 sets of 3 lower extremity RT exercises 3 times per week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Bilateral leg press and leg extension strength increased ~30-50% with RT (P < .001). Body weight, total body fat mass, and fat-free mass did not change. Thigh muscle area and volume increased in both legs (P < .05). Nonparetic muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression increased 14% (P < .05) after RT and SIRT-1 mRNA decreased 24% (P < .05) and 31% (P < .01) in paretic and nonparetic muscles. There were no significant changes in plasma inflammation with training. DISCUSSION RT in chronic stroke induces changes in key skeletal muscle regulators of metabolism, without effecting circulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Guoyan Li
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charlene Hafer-Macko
- GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frederick M Ivey
- GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Impey SG, Hammond KM, Shepherd SO, Sharples AP, Stewart C, Limb M, Smith K, Philp A, Jeromson S, Hamilton DL, Close GL, Morton JP. Fuel for the work required: a practical approach to amalgamating train-low paradigms for endurance athletes. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12803. [PMID: 27225627 PMCID: PMC4886170 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an amalgamation of previously studied "train-low" paradigms, we tested the effects of reduced carbohydrate (CHO) but high leucine availability on cell-signaling responses associated with exercise-induced regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle protein synthesis (MPS). In a repeated-measures crossover design, 11 males completed an exhaustive cycling protocol with high CHO availability before, during, and after exercise (HIGH) or alternatively, low CHO but high protein (leucine enriched) availability (LOW + LEU). Muscle glycogen was different (P < 0.05) pre-exercise (HIGH: 583 ± 158, LOW + LEU: 271 ± 85 mmol kg(-1) dw) but decreased (P < 0.05) to comparable levels at exhaustion (≈100 mmol kg(-1) dw). Despite differences (P < 0.05) in exercise capacity (HIGH: 158 ± 29, LOW + LEU: 100 ± 17 min), exercise induced (P < 0.05) comparable AMPKα2 (3-4-fold) activity, PGC-1α (13-fold), p53 (2-fold), Tfam (1.5-fold), SIRT1 (1.5-fold), Atrogin 1 (2-fold), and MuRF1 (5-fold) gene expression at 3 h post-exercise. Exhaustive exercise suppressed p70S6K activity to comparable levels immediately post-exercise (≈20 fmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Despite elevated leucine availability post-exercise, p70S6K activity remained suppressed (P < 0.05) 3 h post-exercise in LOW + LEU (28 ± 14 fmol min(-1) mg(-1)), whereas muscle glycogen resynthesis (40 mmol kg(-1) dw h(-1)) was associated with elevated (P < 0.05) p70S6K activity in HIGH (53 ± 30 fmol min(-1) mg(-1)). We conclude: (1) CHO restriction before and during exercise induces "work-efficient" mitochondrial-related cell signaling but; (2) post-exercise CHO and energy restriction maintains p70S6K activity at basal levels despite feeding leucine-enriched protein. Our data support the practical concept of "fuelling for the work required" as a potential strategy for which to amalgamate train-low paradigms into periodized training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Impey
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kelly M Hammond
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marie Limb
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging, Research Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging, Research Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stewart Jeromson
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Camera DM, Smiles WJ, Hawley JA. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle signaling pathways and human athletic performance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:131-143. [PMID: 26876650 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly malleable tissue capable of altering its phenotype in response to external stimuli including exercise. This response is determined by the mode, (endurance- versus resistance-based), volume, intensity and frequency of exercise performed with the magnitude of this response-adaptation the basis for enhanced physical work capacity. However, training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are variable and unpredictable between individuals. With the recent application of molecular techniques to exercise biology, there has been a greater understanding of the multiplicity and complexity of cellular networks involved in exercise responses. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular events mediating adaptation processes in skeletal muscle in response to exercise. We discuss established and novel cell signaling proteins mediating key physiological responses associated with enhanced exercise performance and the capacity for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to modulate training adaptation responses. We also examine the molecular bases underpinning heterogeneous responses to resistance and endurance exercise and the dissociation between molecular 'markers' of training adaptation and subsequent exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny M Camera
- Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic. 3065, Australia
| | - William J Smiles
- Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic. 3065, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic. 3065, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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45
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Cui SF, Wang C, Yin X, Tian D, Lu QJ, Zhang CY, Chen X, Ma JZ. Similar Responses of Circulating MicroRNAs to Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Vigorous-Intensity Continuous Exercise. Front Physiol 2016; 7:102. [PMID: 27047388 PMCID: PMC4796030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been reported to be more beneficial for physical adaptation than low-to-moderate exercise intensity. Recently, it is becoming increasingly evident that circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) may distinguish between specific stress signals imposed by variations in the duration, modality, and type of exercise. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not HIIE is superior to vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE), which is contributing to develop effective fitness assessment. Twenty-six young males were enrolled, and plasma samples were collected prior to exercise and immediately after HIIE or distance-matched VICE. The miRNA level profiles in HIIE were initially determined using TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA). And the differentially miRNAs levels were validated by stem-loop quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, these selective c-miRNAs were measured for VICE. Our results showed that some muscle-related miRNAs levels in the plasma, such as miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 significantly increased following HIIE or VICE compared to those at rest (P < 0.05), and there was only a significant reduction in miR-1 level for HIIE compared to VICE (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed for other muscle-related miRNAs between both exercises (P > 0.05). In addition, some tissue-related or unknown original miRNA levels, such as miR-485-5p, miR-509-5p, miR-517a, miR-518f, miR-520f, miR-522, miR-553, and miR-888, also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in both exercises compared to rest. However, no significant differences were found between both exercises (P > 0.05). Overall, endurance exercise assessed in this study both led to significant increases in selective c-miRNAs of comparable magnitude, suggesting that both types of endurance exercise have general stress processes. Accordingly, the similar responses to both acute exercises likely indicate both exercises can be used interchangeably. Further work is needed to reveal the functional significance and signaling mechanisms behind changes in c-miRNA turnover during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu F Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling HospitalNanjing, China
| | - Xin Yin
- The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Tian
- The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu J Lu
- The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Z Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China; The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and TechnologyNanjing, China
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Hoshino D, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H. High-intensity interval training enhances oxidative capacity and substrate availability in skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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47
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Smiles WJ, Areta JL, Coffey VG, Phillips SM, Moore DR, Stellingwerff T, Burke LM, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Modulation of autophagy signaling with resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R603-12. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00413.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy contributes to remodeling of skeletal muscle and is sensitive to contractile activity and prevailing energy availability. We investigated changes in targeted genes and proteins with roles in autophagy following 5 days of energy balance (EB), energy deficit (ED), and resistance exercise (REX) after ED. Muscle biopsies from 15 subjects (8 males, 7 females) were taken at rest following 5 days of EB [45 kcal·kg fat free mass (FFM)−1·day−1] and 5 days of ED (30 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1). After ED, subjects completed a bout of REX and consumed either placebo (PLA) or 30 g whey protein (PRO) immediately postexercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained at 1 and 4 h into recovery in each trial. Resting protein levels of autophagy-related gene protein 5 (Atg5) decreased after ED compared with EB (∼23%, P < 0.001) and remained below EB from 1 to 4 h postexercise in PLA (∼17%) and at 1 h in PRO (∼18%, P < 0.05). In addition, conjugated Atg5 (cAtg12) decreased below EB in PLA at 4 h (∼20, P < 0.05); however, its values were increased above this time point in PRO at 4 h alongside increases in FOXO1 above EB (∼22–26%, P < 0.05). Notably, these changes were subsequent to increases in unc-51-like kinase 1Ser757 phosphorylation (∼60%) 1 h postexercise in PRO. No significant changes in gene expression of selected autophagy markers were found, but EGR-1 increased above ED and EB in PLA (∼417–864%) and PRO (∼1,417–2,731%) trials 1 h postexercise ( P < 0.001). Postexercise protein availability, compared with placebo, can selectively promote autophagic responses to REX in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Smiles
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - José L. Areta
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vernon G. Coffey
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport and Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Louise M. Burke
- Department of Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - John A. Hawley
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hood DA, Tryon LD, Vainshtein A, Memme J, Chen C, Pauly M, Crilly MJ, Carter H. Exercise and the Regulation of Mitochondrial Turnover. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:99-127. [PMID: 26477912 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a well-known stimulus for the expansion of the mitochondrial pool within skeletal muscle. Mitochondria have a remarkable ability to remodel their networks and can respond to an array of signaling stimuli following contractile activity to adapt to the metabolic demands of the tissue, synthesizing proteins to expand the mitochondrial reticulum. In addition, when they become dysfunctional, these organelles can be recycled by a specialized intracellular system. The signals regulating this mitochondrial life cycle of synthesis and degradation during exercise are still an area of great research interest. As mitochondrial turnover has valuable consequences in physical performance, in addition to metabolic health, disease, and aging, consideration of the signals which control this cycle is vital. This review focuses on the regulation of mitochondrial turnover in skeletal muscle and summarizes our current understanding of the impact that exercise has in modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Liam D Tryon
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Chen
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marion Pauly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Crilly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mohamed JS, Wilson JC, Myers MJ, Sisson KJ, Alway SE. Dysregulation of SIRT-1 in aging mice increases skeletal muscle fatigue by a PARP-1-dependent mechanism. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:820-34. [PMID: 25361036 PMCID: PMC4247385 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscles and the resulting decline in muscle performance are hallmarks of sarcopenia. However, the precise mechanism by which ROS results in a decline in muscle performance is unclear. We demonstrate that isometric-exercise concomitantly increases the activities of Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT-1) and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP-1), and that activated SIRT-1 physically binds with and inhibits PARP-1 activity by a deacetylation dependent mechanism in skeletal muscle from young mice. In contrast, skeletal muscle from aged mice displays higher PARP-1 activity and lower SIRT-1 activity due to decreased intracellular NAD+ content, and as a result reduced muscle performance in response to exercise. Interestingly, injection of PJ34, a PARP-1 inhibitor, in aged mice increased SIRT-1 activity by preserving intracellular NAD+ content, which resulted in higher skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and performance. We found that the higher activity of PARP-1 in H2O2-treated myotubes or in exercised-skeletal muscles from aged mice is due to an elevated level of PARP-1 acetylation by the histone acetyltransferase General control of amino acid synthesis protein 5-like 2 (GCN-5). These results suggest that activation of SIRT-1 and/or inhibition of PARP-1 may ameliorate skeletal muscle performance in pathophysiological conditions such as sarcopenia and disuse-induced atrophy in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaith S Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA. Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA
| | - Joseph C Wilson
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA. Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA
| | - Matthew J Myers
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA. Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA
| | - Kayla J Sisson
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA. Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227, USA. West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227 USA
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50
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Quercetin supplementation does not enhance cerebellar mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative status in exercised rats. Nutr Res 2015; 35:585-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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