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Aras O, Kamel G, Kazanci M. Green plastics: Direct production from grocery wastes to bioplastics and structural characterization by using synchrotron FTIR. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124919. [PMID: 39111033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic bioplastics were produced using four different green wastes: hemp, parsley stem, pineapple leaves and walnut shell. Two different solutions were used to dissolve the green wastes: trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and pure water. The changes in their natural structures and the solvent effect during the regeneration in biofilm formation were investigated by using Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy (SR-µFTIR). The presence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components in the water-based biofilms was confirmed. After dissolving in TFA, the spectra demonstrated some additional bands especially in the hemicellulose region. This is due to the hydrolysis of ester bonds and conversion to carboxylic acids. Principal component analysis showed grouping due to different solvents and polymer addition. Hemp-PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) composite biofilms were obtained by adding polyvinyl alcohol to the hemp solution to give extra strength to the hemp biofilms. It has been shown that water-based hemp-PVA biofilms do not cause any significant spectral changes, comparing with pure hemp and PVA spectra. However, after dissolving in TFA, unlike water-based biofilms, it appears that TFA molecules are retained by PVA through hydrogen bonds of TFA's carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups and distinct spectral regions belong to TFA bands are clearly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Aras
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Program, Graduate School, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gihan Kamel
- SESAME Synchrotron (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), 19252 Allan, Jordan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Murat Kazanci
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medeniyet University, Science and Advanced Technologies Research Center (BILTAM), 34700 Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Mortimer JC, Scheller HV. Evolutionary arms race: the role of xylan modifications in plant-pathogen interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:749-751. [PMID: 39169592 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Yu et al. (2024), 244: 1024–1040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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3
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Alkay Z, Gonzales MAA, Esen E, Sarıoğlan İ, Arioglu-Tuncil S, Dertli E, Lindemann SR, Tunçil YE. In vitro fecal microbiota modulation properties of pectin and xyloglucan from hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin, an industrial byproduct, and their incorporation into biscuit formula. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135383. [PMID: 39245125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to extract water-soluble dietary fibers (WSDFskin), pectin (PECskin), and xyloglucan (XGskin) from hazelnut skin and to determine their impacts on colonic microbiota and metabolic function. WSDFskin, PECskin, and XGskin were extracted by water, acid, and alkali treatments, respectively. Monosaccharide analysis revealed WSDFskin and PECskin were dominated by uronic acids, while the XGskin was found to contain xyloglucan- and pectin-associated sugars. In vitro fecal fermentation analysis showed that WSDFskin, PECskin, and XGskin are fermented to different microbial short-chain fatty acid profiles by identical microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that PECskin promoted Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lachnospiraceae related operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which are recognized as beneficial members of the human gut, whereas WSDFskin and XGskin stimulated Bacteroides OTUs. Interestingly, increased abundances of F. prausnitzii and Lachnospiraceae OTUs in PECskin were higher than those in commercially available pectin. Finally, PECskin and XGskin were tested in a biscuit model and the results showed that either PECskin or XGskin can be incorporated into biscuit formulations without impacting physical, textural, and sensory properties of the final product. Overall, our results demonstrated that hazelnut skin, an industrial byproduct, can be utilized for the production of functional dietary fibers, especially pectin, to improve colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Alkay
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkiye
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez Gonzales
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Emine Esen
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkiye
| | - İhsan Sarıoğlan
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkiye
| | - Seda Arioglu-Tuncil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Nezahat Keleşoğlu Health Sciences Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkiye
| | - Enes Dertli
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Yunus E Tunçil
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkiye; Medical and Cosmetic Plants Application and Research Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkiye.
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Yu L, Wilson LFL, Terrett OM, Wurman-Rodrich J, Łyczakowski JJ, Yu X, Krogh KBRM, Dupree P. Evolution of glucuronoxylan side chain variability in vascular plants and the compensatory adaptations of cell wall-degrading hydrolases. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:1024-1040. [PMID: 39001592 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide structural complexity not only influences cell wall strength and extensibility but also hinders pathogenic and biotechnological attempts to saccharify the wall. In certain species and tissues, glucuronic acid side groups on xylan exhibit arabinopyranose or galactose decorations whose genetic and evolutionary basis is completely unknown, impeding efforts to understand their function and engineer wall digestibility. Genetics and polysaccharide profiling were used to identify the responsible loci in Arabidopsis and Eucalyptus from proposed candidates, while phylogenies uncovered a shared evolutionary origin. GH30-family endo-glucuronoxylanase activities were analysed by electrophoresis, and their differing specificities were rationalised by phylogeny and structural analysis. The newly identified xylan arabinopyranosyltransferases comprise an overlooked subfamily in the GT47-A family of Golgi glycosyltransferases, previously assumed to comprise mainly xyloglucan galactosyltransferases, highlighting an unanticipated adaptation of both donor and acceptor specificities. Further neofunctionalisation has produced a Myrtaceae-specific xylan galactosyltransferase. Simultaneously, GH30 endo-glucuronoxylanases have convergently adapted to overcome these decorations, suggesting a role for these structures in defence. The differential expression of glucuronoxylan-modifying genes across Eucalyptus tissues, however, hints at further functions. Our results demonstrate the rapid adaptability of biosynthetic and degradative carbohydrate-active enzyme activities, providing insight into plant-pathogen interactions and facilitating plant cell wall biotechnological utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Louis F L Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Joel Wurman-Rodrich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jan J Łyczakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
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5
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Tian S, Peng Z, Zhang J, Yan D, Liang J, Zhao G, Zhong P, Li H, Yang D, Zhao Z. Structural analysis and biological activity of cell wall polysaccharides and enzyme-extracted polysaccharides from pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135249. [PMID: 39226981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Pomelo peel is a valuable source of pectin, but research on its cell wall polysaccharides is limited. This study compared the cell wall polysaccharides of pomelo peel, enzyme-extracted polysaccharides of pomelo peel, and enzyme-extracted polysaccharides of whole pomelo fruit. Cell wall polysaccharides, including water-soluble pectin (WSP), chelator-soluble pectin (CSP), sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP), 1 mol/L KOH soluble hemicellulose (KSH-1), and 4 mol/L KOH soluble hemicellulose (KSH-2), were obtained by sequence-extraction method. Total polysaccharides from whole pomelo fruit (TP) and peel-polysaccharides from pomelo pericarps (PP) were obtained using enzyme-extraction method. The structural, thermal, rheological, antioxidant properties, and wound healing effect in vitro were described for each polysaccharide. WSP had a uniform molecular weight distribution and high uronic acid (UA) content, suitable for commercial pectin. NSP had the highest Rhamnose (Rha)/UA ratio and a rich side chain with highest viscosity and water retention. PP displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing capacity at 0.1 to 2.0 mg/mL concentration range, with an IC50 of 1.05 mg/mL for DPPH free radicals. NSP also demonstrated the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and promoted Human dermal keratinocyte proliferation and migration at 10 μg/mL, suggesting potential applications in daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongcan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Danna Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guomin Zhao
- Guangdong L-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 514600, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Guangdong L-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 514600, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Khodayari A, Hirn U, Spirk S, Ogawa Y, Seveno D, Thielemans W. Advancing plant cell wall modelling: Atomistic insights into cellulose, disordered cellulose, and hemicelluloses - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122415. [PMID: 39174111 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of plant cell walls on different hierarchical levels still impedes the detailed understanding of biosynthetic pathways, interferes with processing in industry and finally limits applicability of cellulose materials. While there exist many challenges to readily accessing these hierarchies at (sub-) angström resolution, the development of advanced computational methods has the potential to unravel important questions in this field. Here, we summarize the contributions of molecular dynamics simulations in advancing the understanding of the physico-chemical properties of natural fibres. We aim to present a comprehensive view of the advancements and insights gained from molecular dynamics simulations in the field of carbohydrate polymers research. The review holds immense value as a vital reference for researchers seeking to undertake atomistic simulations of plant cell wall constituents. Its significance extends beyond the realm of molecular modeling and chemistry, as it offers a pathway to develop a more profound comprehension of plant cell wall chemistry, interactions, and behavior. By delving into these fundamental aspects, the review provides invaluable insights into future perspectives for exploration. Researchers within the molecular modeling and carbohydrates community can greatly benefit from this resource, enabling them to make significant strides in unraveling the intricacies of plant cell wall dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodayari
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Centre de recherches sur les macromolécules végétales, CERMAV-CNRS, CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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7
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Miran M, Salami M, Yarmand MS, Ferreira-Lazarte A, Ariaeenejad S, Montilla A, Moreno FJ. Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides production from unexploited agro-industrial sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) hulls waste. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122399. [PMID: 39048235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) hull, an unexploited food industrial waste, can be used as an efficient source for the extraction of hemicellulose and/or pectin polysaccharides to further obtain functional oligosaccharides. Different polysaccharides extraction methods were surveyed including alkaline and several enzymatic treatments. Based on the enzymatic release of xylose, arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid from sesame hull by using different enzymes, Celluclast®1.5 L, Pectinex®Ultra SP-L, and a combination of them were selected for the enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides at 50 °C, pH 5 up to 24 h. Once the polysaccharides were extracted, Ultraflo®L was selected to produce arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) at 40 °C up to 24 h. Apart from oligosaccharides production from extracted polysaccharides, alternative approaches for obtaining oligosaccharides were also explored. These were based on the analysis of the supernatants resulting from the polysaccharide extraction, alongside a sequential hydrolysis performed with Celluclast®1.5 L and Ultraflo®L of the starting raw sesame hull. The different fractions obtained were comprehensively characterized by determining low molecular weight carbohydrates and monomeric compositions, average Mw and dispersity, and oligosaccharide structure by MALDI-TOF-MS. The results indicated that sesame hull can be a useful source for polysaccharides extraction (pectin and hemicellulose) and derived oligosaccharides, especially AXOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Miran
- Department of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Maryam Salami
- Department of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran; Functional Food Research Core, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Yarmand
- Department of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Antonia Montilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Chorozian K, Karnaouri A, Tryfona T, Kondyli NG, Karantonis A, Topakas E. Characterization of a novel AA16 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Thermothelomyces thermophilus and comparison of biochemical properties with an LPMO from AA9 family. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122387. [PMID: 39048228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes which are categorized in the CAZy database under auxiliary activities families AA9-11, 13, 14-17. Secreted by various microorganisms, they play a crucial role in carbon recycling, particularly in fungal saprotrophs. LPMOs oxidize polysaccharides through monooxygenase/peroxygenase activities and exhibit peroxidase and oxidase activities, with variations among different families. AA16, a newly identified LPMO family, is noteworthy due to limited studies on its members, thus rendering the characterization of AA16 enzymes vital for addressing controversies around their functions. This study focused on heterologous expression and biochemical study of an AA16 LPMO from Thermothelomyces thermophilus (formerly known as Myceliophthora thermophila), namely MtLPMO16A. Substrate specificity evaluation of MtLPMO16A showed oxidative cleavage of hemicellulosic substrates and no activity on cellulose, accompanied by a strong oxidase activity. A comparative analysis with an LPMO from AA9 family explored correlations between these families, while MtLPMO16A was shown to boost the activity of some AA9 family LPMOs. The results offer new insights into the AA16 family's action mode and microbial hemicellulose decomposition mechanisms in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koar Chorozian
- Ιndustrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772, Greece
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Theodora Tryfona
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Nefeli Georgaki Kondyli
- Ιndustrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772, Greece; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Greece
| | - Antonis Karantonis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Ιndustrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772, Greece.
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van Trijp JP, Hribernik N, Lim JH, Dal Colle MCS, Mena YV, Ogawa Y, Delbianco M. Enzyme-Triggered Assembly of Glycan Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410634. [PMID: 39008635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive molecular understanding of carbohydrate aggregation is key to optimize carbohydrate utilization and to engineer bioinspired analogues with tailored shapes and properties. However, the lack of well-defined synthetic standards has substantially hampered advances in this field. Herein, we employ a phosphorylation-assisted strategy to synthesize previously inaccessible long oligomers of cellulose, chitin, and xylan. These oligomers were subjected to enzyme-triggered assembly (ETA) for the on-demand formation of well-defined carbohydrate nanomaterials, including elongated platelets, helical bundles, and hexagonal particles. Cryo-electron microscopy and electron diffraction analysis provided molecular insights into the aggregation behavior of these oligosaccharides, establishing a direct connection between the resulting morphologies and the oligosaccharide primary sequence. Our findings demonstrate that ETA is a powerful approach to elucidate the intrinsic aggregation behavior of carbohydrates in nature. Moreover, the ability to access a diverse array of morphologies, expanded with a non-natural sequence, underscores the potential of ETA, coupled with sequence design, as a robust tool for accessing programmable glycan architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus P van Trijp
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nives Hribernik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jia Hui Lim
- Jia Hui Lim, Yadiel Vázquez Mena, Yu Ogawa, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marlene C S Dal Colle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yadiel Vázquez Mena
- Jia Hui Lim, Yadiel Vázquez Mena, Yu Ogawa, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Jia Hui Lim, Yadiel Vázquez Mena, Yu Ogawa, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Hoffmann N, McFarlane HE. Xyloglucan side chains enable polysaccharide secretion to the plant cell wall. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2609-2625.e8. [PMID: 38971156 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are essential for growth. The cell wall hemicellulose xyloglucan (XyG) is produced in the Golgi apparatus before secretion. Loss of the Arabidopsis galactosyltransferase MURUS3 (MUR3) decreases XyG d-galactose side chains and causes intracellular aggregations and dwarfism. It is unknown how changing XyG synthesis can broadly impact organelle organization and growth. We show that intracellular aggregations are not unique to mur3 and are found in multiple mutant lines with reduced XyG D-galactose side chains. mur3 aggregations disrupt subcellular trafficking and induce formation of intracellular cell-wall-like fragments. Addition of d-galacturonic acid onto XyG can restore growth and prevent mur3 aggregations. These results indicate that the presence, but not the composition, of XyG side chains is essential, likely by ensuring XyG solubility. Our results suggest that XyG polysaccharides are synthesized in a highly substituted form for efficient secretion and then later modified by cell-wall-localized enzymes to fine-tune cell wall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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11
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Yi Z, Sharif R, Gulzar S, Huang Y, Ning T, Zhan H, Meng Y, Xu C. Changes in hemicellulose metabolism in banana peel during fruit development and ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109025. [PMID: 39142014 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Hemicellulose is key in determining the fate of plant cell wall in almost all growth and developmental stages. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding its involvement in the development and ripening of banana fruit. This study investigated changes in the temporal-spatial distribution of various hemicellulose components, hemicellulose content, activities of the main hydrolysis enzymes, and transcription level of the main hemicellulose-related gene families in banana peels. Both hemicellulose and xylan contents were positively correlated to the fruit firmness observed in our previous study. On the contrary, the xylanase activity was negatively correlated to xylan content and the fruit firmness. The vascular bundle cells, phloem, and cortex of bananas are abundant in xyloglucan, xylan, and mannan contents. Interestingly, the changes in the signal intensity of the CCRC-M104 antibody recognizing non-XXXG type xyloglucan are positively correlated to hemicellulose content. According to RNA-Seq analysis, xyloglucan and xylan-related genes were highly active in the early stages of growth, and the expression of MaMANs and MaXYNs increased as the fruit ripened. The abundance of plant hormonal and growth-responsive cis-acting elements was detected in the 2 kb upstream region of hemicellulose-related gene families. Interaction between hemicellulose and cell wall-specific proteins and MaKCBP1/2, MaCKG1, and MaHKL1 was found. The findings shed light on cell wall hemicellulose's role in banana fruit development and ripening, which could improve nutrition, flavor, and reduce postharvest fruit losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shazma Gulzar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Ning
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Zhan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Meng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Harrazi N, Özbek HN, Yanık DK, Zaghbib I, Göğüş F. Development and characterization of gelatin-based biodegradable films incorporated with pistachio shell hemicellulose. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1919-1929. [PMID: 39285996 PMCID: PMC11401810 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-024-05968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to incorporate pistachio shell hemicellulose into a film of gelatin and glycerol for the production of biodegradable films. The gelatin and glycerol are chosen because of their functional properties, which make it extensively used in food industry. The film composition was defined after a statistical optimization by central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology. The hemicellulose/gelatin ratio of 35.93% and the glycerol ratio of 18.02% were the optimum conditions to obtain lower film water solubility, higher tensile strength, and elongation at break values. The physical, structural, mechanical, and barrier properties of the developed hemicellulose-gelatin film were analyzed and compared with those of the gelatin film. Tensile strength and film water solubility values were reduced significantly with hemicellulose incorporation from 20.41 to 16.64 MPa and 49.57 to 39.21%, respectively, while EB was enhanced by 4.34 times. In addition, hemicellulose incorporation enhanced the water vapor permeability and the film degradation in the soil. The films were also examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The novelty of this study is to use pistcahio shell hemicellulose in the production of an edible film for the first time. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05968-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Harrazi
- Higher School of Food Industries of Tunis, University of Carthage, 1003 Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hatice Neval Özbek
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Derya Koçak Yanık
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Imen Zaghbib
- Higher School of Food Industries of Tunis, University of Carthage, 1003 Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, University of Jendouba, 9000 Beja, Tunisia
| | - Fahrettin Göğüş
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
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13
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He Y, Liu Y, Zhang M. Hemicellulose and unlocking potential for sustainable applications in biomedical, packaging, and material sciences: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135657. [PMID: 39299428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Hemicellulose, a complex polysaccharide abundantly found in plant cell walls, has garnered significant attention for its versatile applications in various fields including biomedical, food packaging, environmental, and material sciences. This review systematically explores the composition, extraction methods, and diverse applications of hemicellulose-derived materials. Various extraction techniques such as organic acid, organic base, enzyme-assisted, and hydrothermal methods are discussed in detail, highlighting their efficacy and potential drawbacks. The applications of hemicellulose encompass biodegradable films, edible coatings, advanced hydrogels, and emulsion stabilizers, each offering unique properties suitable for different industrial needs. Current challenges in hemicellulose research include extraction efficiency, scalability of production processes, and optimization of material properties. Opportunities for future research are outlined, emphasizing the exploration of new applications and interdisciplinary approaches to harness the full potential of hemicellulose. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and industry professionals interested in utilizing hemicellulose as a sustainable and functional biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lishi 033000, Shanxi, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lishi 033000, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Primary Processing, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, 100125 Beijing, China
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14
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Chibrikov V, Pieczywek PM, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. The effect of hemicelluloses on biosynthesis, structure and mechanical performance of bacterial cellulose-hemicellulose hydrogels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21671. [PMID: 39289462 PMCID: PMC11408599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary plant cell wall (PCW) is a specialized structure composed predominantly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin. While the role of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the formation of the PCW scaffold is undeniable, the mechanisms of how hemicelluloses determine the mechanical properties of PCW remain debatable. Thus, we produced bacterial cellulose-hemicellulose hydrogels as PCW analogues, incorporated with hemicelluloses. Next, we treated samples with hemicellulose degrading enzymes, and explored its structural and mechanical properties. As suggested, difference of hemicelluloses in structure and chemical composition resulted in a variety of the properties studied. By analyzing all the direct and indirect evidences we have found that glucomannan, xyloglucan and arabinoxylan increased the width of cellulose fibers both by hemicellulose surface deposition and fiber entrapment. Arabinoxylan increased stresses and moduli of the hydrogel by its reinforcing effect, while for xylan, increase in mechanical properties was determined by establishment of stiff cellulose-cellulose junctions. In contrast, increasing content of xyloglucan decreased stresses and moduli of hydrogel by its weak interactions with cellulose, while glucomannan altered cellulose network formation via surface deposition, decreasing its strength. The current results provide evidence for structure-dependent mechanisms of cellulose-hemicellulose interactions, suggesting the specific structural role of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadym Chibrikov
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Mariusz Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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15
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Rabapane KJ, Matambo TS. Profiling the dynamic adaptations of CAZyme-Producing microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of South African goats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37508. [PMID: 39290285 PMCID: PMC11407064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of goats serves as a habitat for anaerobic microbial populations that work together to break down complex plant material, including lignocellulose. This study explored the microbial diversity and metabolic profiles across different gastrointestinal tract compartments. Significant diversity differences among the compartments were observed (ANOSIM p < 0.006), with the abomasum showing a distinct species composition and a decreased alpha diversity (Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis test p = 0.00096), possibly due to its acidic environment. Dominant microbial phyla included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, with Proteobacteria being the most prevalent in the abomasum (50.06 %). Genera like Proteus and Bacteroides were particularly prominent in the rumen and reticulum, highlighting their significant role in feed degradation and fermentation processes. Over 65 % of genes at Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes level 1 were involved in metabolism with significant xenobiotic biodegradation in the abomasum. The dbCAN2 search identified Glycoside Hydrolases as the most prevalent CAZyme class (79 %), followed by Glycosyltransferases, Polysaccharide Lyases, and Carbohydrate Esterases, with Carbohydrate-Binding Modules and Auxiliary Activities accounting for 1 % of the hits. Higher CAZyme abundance was observed in the reticulum and omasum compartments, possibly due to MAGs diversity. In conclusion, the gastrointestinal tract of South African goats harbors diverse CAZyme classes, with Glycoside Hydrolases predominating. Interestingly, higher CAZyme abundance in specific compartments suggested compartmentalized microbial activity, reflecting adaptation to dietary substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgodiso J Rabapane
- Centre of Competence in Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa's College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Cnr Pioneer and Christian De Wet Roads, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
- Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solutions, University of South Africa's College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Cnr Pioneer and Christian De Wet Roads, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Tonderayi S Matambo
- Centre of Competence in Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa's College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Cnr Pioneer and Christian De Wet Roads, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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16
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Chiang BH, Vega G, Dunwoody SC, Patnode ML. Bacterial interactions on nutrient-rich surfaces in the gut lumen. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0048023. [PMID: 38506518 PMCID: PMC11384750 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00480-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal lumen is a turbulent, semi-fluid landscape where microbial cells and nutrient-rich particles are distributed with high heterogeneity. Major questions regarding the basic physical structure of this dynamic microbial ecosystem remain unanswered. Most gut microbes are non-motile, and it is unclear how they achieve optimum localization relative to concentrated aggregations of dietary glycans that serve as their primary source of energy. In addition, a random spatial arrangement of cells in this environment is predicted to limit sustained interactions that drive co-evolution of microbial genomes. The ecological consequences of random versus organized microbial localization have the potential to control both the metabolic outputs of the microbiota and the propensity for enteric pathogens to participate in proximity-dependent microbial interactions. Here, we review evidence suggesting that several bacterial species adopt organized spatial arrangements in the gut via adhesion. We highlight examples where localization could contribute to antagonism or metabolic interdependency in nutrient degradation, and we discuss imaging- and sequencing-based technologies that have been used to assess the spatial positions of cells within complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huey Chiang
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Vega
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Sarah C Dunwoody
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Michael L Patnode
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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17
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Guedes LM, Aguilera N, Kuster VC, da Silva Carneiro RG, de Oliveira DC. Integrated insights into the cytological, histochemical, and cell wall composition features of Espinosa nothofagi (Hymenoptera) gall tissues: implications for functionality. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01985-4. [PMID: 39249158 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Many insect-induced galls are considered complex structures due to their tissue compartmentalization and multiple roles performed by them. The current study investigates the complex interaction between Nothofagus obliqua host plant and the hymenopteran gall-inducer Espinosa nothofagi, focusing on cell wall properties and cytological features. The E. nothofagi galls present an inner cortex with nutritive and storage tissues, as well as outer cortex with epidermis, chlorenchyma, and water-storing parenchyma. The water-storing parenchyma cells are rich in pectins, heteromannans, and xyloglucans in their walls, and have large vacuoles. Homogalacturonans contribute to water retention, and periplasmic spaces function as additional water reservoirs. Nutritive storage cell walls support nutrient storage, with plasmodesmata facilitating nutrient mobilization crucial for larval nutrition. Their primary and sometimes thick secondary cell walls support structural integrity and act as a carbon reserve. The absent labeling of non-cellulosic epitopes indicates a predominantly cellulosic nature in nutritive cell walls, facilitating larval access to lipid, protein, and reducing sugar-rich contents. The nutritive tissue, with functional chloroplasts and high metabolism-related organelles, displays signs of self-sufficiency, emphasizing its role in larval nutrition and cellular maintenance. Overall, the intricate cell wall composition in E. nothofagi galls showcases adaptations for water storage, nutrient mobilization, and larval nutrition, contributing significantly to our understanding of plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubia María Guedes
- Laboratorio de Semioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160‑C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Narciso Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Semioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160‑C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vinícius Coelho Kuster
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Campus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Denis Coelho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Anatomia, Desenvolvimento Vegetal E Interações, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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18
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Zhou Y, Gao YH, Zhang BC, Yang HL, Tian YB, Huang YH, Yin CC, Tao JJ, Wei W, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Zhou YH, Zhang JS. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE C proteins modulate cell wall establishment during ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3751-3769. [PMID: 38943676 PMCID: PMC11371184 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall shapes plant cell morphogenesis and affects the plasticity of organ growth. However, the way in which cell wall establishment is regulated by ethylene remains largely elusive. Here, by analyzing cell wall patterns, cell wall composition and gene expression in rice (Oryza sativa, L.) roots, we found that ethylene induces cell wall thickening and the expression of cell wall synthesis-related genes, including CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE C1, 2, 7, 9, 10 (OsCSLC1, 2, 7, 9, 10) and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A3, 4, 7, 9 (OsCESA3, 4, 7, 9). Overexpression and mutant analyses revealed that OsCSLC2 and its homologs function in ethylene-mediated induction of xyloglucan biosynthesis mainly in the cell wall of root epidermal cells. Moreover, OsCESA-catalyzed cellulose deposition in the cell wall was enhanced by ethylene. OsCSLC-mediated xyloglucan biosynthesis likely plays an important role in restricting cell wall extension and cell elongation during the ethylene response in rice roots. Genetically, OsCSLC2 acts downstream of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 (OsEIL1)-mediated ethylene signaling, and OsCSLC1, 2, 7, 9 are directly activated by OsEIL1. Furthermore, the auxin signaling pathway is synergistically involved in these regulatory processes. These findings link plant hormone signaling with cell wall establishment, broadening our understanding of root growth plasticity in rice and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi-Hong Gao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bao-Cai Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Han-Lei Yang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan-Bao Tian
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Li S, Yang JB, Li JQ, Huang J, Shen RF, Zeng DL, Zhu XF. A NAC transcription factor represses a module associated with xyloglucan content and regulates aluminum tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:564-578. [PMID: 38753299 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants is largely unknown, although Al toxicity restricts agricultural yields in acidic soils. Here, we identified a NAM, ATAF1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon 2 (NAC) transcription factor that participates in Al tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Al substantially induced the transcript and protein levels of ANAC070, and loss-of-function mutants showed remarkably increased Al sensitivity, implying a beneficial role of ANAC070 in plant tolerance to Al toxicity. Further investigation revealed that more Al accumulated in the roots of anac070 mutants, especially in root cell walls, accompanied by a higher hemicellulose and xyloglucan level, implying a possible interaction between ANAC070 and genes that encode proteins responsible for the modification of xyloglucan, including xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) or ANAC017. Yeast 1-hybrid analysis revealed a potential interaction between ANAC070 and ANAC017, but not for other XTHs. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, and GUS analysis revealed that ANAC070 could directly repress the transcript levels of ANAC017, and knockout of ANAC017 in the anac070 mutant partially restored its Al sensitivity phenotype, indicating that ANAC070 contributes to Al tolerance mechanisms other than suppression of ANAC017 expression. Further analysis revealed that the core transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) and its target genes, which control Al tolerance in Arabidopsis, may also be involved in ANAC070-regulated Al tolerance. In summary, we identified a transcription factor, ANAC070, that represses the ANAC017-XTH31 module to regulate Al tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jia Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Li Zeng
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Shi L, He Q, Li J, Liu Y, Cao Y, Liu Y, Sun C, Pan Y, Li X, Zhao X. Polysaccharides in fruits: Biological activities, structures, and structure-activity relationships and influencing factors-A review. Food Chem 2024; 451:139408. [PMID: 38735097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Fruits are a rich source of polysaccharides, and an increasing number of studies have shown that polysaccharides from fruits have a wide range of biological functions. Here, we thoroughly review recent advances in the study of the bioactivities, structures, and structure-activity relationships of fruit polysaccharides, especially highlighting the structure-activity influencing factors such as extraction methods and chemical modifications. Different extraction methods cause differences in the primary structures of polysaccharides, which in turn lead to different polysaccharide biological activities. Differences in the degree of modification, molecular weight, substitution position, and chain conformation caused by chemical modification can all affect the biological activities of fruit polysaccharides. Furthermore, we summarize the applications of fruit polysaccharides in the fields of pharmacy and medicine, foods, cosmetics, and materials. The challenges and perspectives for fruit polysaccharide research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Shi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
| | - Yilong Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yunlin Cao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Yang D, Liu H, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Liu M, Koch KE, McCarty DR, Li S, Tan BC. A sucrose ferulate cycle linchpin for ferulyolation of arabinoxylans in plant commelinids. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1389-1399. [PMID: 39232219 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A transformation in plant cell wall evolution marked the emergence of grasses, grains and related species that now cover much of the globe. Their tough, less digestible cell walls arose from a new pattern of cross-linking between arabinoxylan polymers with distinctive ferulic acid residues. Despite extensive study, the biochemical mechanism of ferulic acid incorporation into cell walls remains unknown. Here we show that ferulic acid is transferred to arabinoxylans via an unexpected sucrose derivative, 3,6-O-diferuloyl sucrose (2-feruloyl-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1'→2)-3,6-O-feruloyl-β-D-fructofuranoside), formed by a sucrose ferulate cycle. Sucrose gains ferulate units through sequential transfers from feruloyl-CoA, initially at the O-3 position of sucrose catalysed by a family of BAHD-type sucrose ferulic acid transferases (SFT1 to SFT4 in maize), then at the O-6 position by a feruloyl sucrose feruloyl transferase (FSFT), which creates 3,6-O-diferuloyl sucrose. An FSFT-deficient mutant of maize, disorganized wall 1 (dow1), sharply decreases cell wall arabinoxylan ferulic acid content, causes accumulation of 3-O-feruloyl sucrose (α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1'→2)-3-O-feruloyl-β-D-fructofuranoside) and leads to the abortion of embryos with defective cell walls. In vivo, isotope-labelled ferulic acid residues are transferred from 3,6-O-diferuloyl sucrose onto cell wall arabinoxylans. This previously unrecognized sucrose ferulate cycle resolves a long-standing mystery surrounding the evolution of the distinctive cell wall characteristics of cereal grains, biofuel crops and related commelinid species; identifies an unexpected role for sucrose as a ferulate group carrier in cell wall biosynthesis; and reveals a new paradigm for modifying cell wall polymers through ferulic acid incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Karen E Koch
- Hoirticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Hoirticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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22
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Lyczakowski JJ, Wightman R. Convergent and adaptive evolution drove change of secondary cell wall ultrastructure in extant lineages of seed plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2061-2065. [PMID: 39079702 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Lyczakowski
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Microscopy Core Facility, Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, 47 Bateman St., Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
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23
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de Lima JF, de Oliveira DC, Kuster VC, Moreira ASFP. Aerial and terrestrial root habits influence the composition of the cell walls of Vanilla phaeantha (Orchidaceae). PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01980-9. [PMID: 39207504 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In response to the restrictions imposed by their epiphytic habit, orchids have developed structural traits that allow greater efficiency in water uptake and use, such as a complex adventitious root system with velamen. The composition of cell wall of this specialized epidermis can be altered according to the substrate to which it is fixed, influencing wall permeability, absorption, and storage of water in roots. The current study aimed to evaluate the cell wall composition of adventitious roots of Vanilla phaeantha (Orchidaceae) that grow attached to the phorophyte, fixed in the soil, or hung free. Immunocytochemical analyses were used to determine the protein, hemicellulose, and pectin composition of the cell walls of aerial and terrestrial roots. We observed that pectins are present in the different tissues of the aerial roots, while in the terrestrial roots, they are concentrated in the cortical parenchyma. The deposition of xyloglucans, extensins, and arabinogalactans was greater in the epidermis of the free side of the roots attached to the phorophyte. The strong labeling of pectins in aerial roots may be related to the influx of water and nutrients, which are generally scarce in this environment. The arrangement of hemicelluloses and proteins with the pectins may be associated with increased cell rigidity and sustainability, a feature of interest for the aerial roots. In summary, the habit of roots can interfere with the non-cellulosic composition of the cell walls of V. phaeantha, possibly related to changes in cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ferreira de Lima
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Denis Coelho de Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Coelho Kuster
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Campus Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, No. 3800, Jataí, Goiás, 75801-615, Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
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24
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Rodd AM, Mawhinney WM, Brumer H. A scalable, chromatography-free, biocatalytic method to produce the xyloglucan heptasaccharide XXXG. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:116. [PMID: 39164748 PMCID: PMC11337882 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XyGOs) are highly branched, complex carbohydrates with a variety of chemical and biotechnological applications. Due to the regular repeating pattern of sidechain substitution of the xyloglucan backbone, well-defined XyGOs are readily accessed for analytical and preparative purposes by specific hydrolysis of the polysaccharide with endo-glucanases. To broaden the application potential of XyGOs, we present here an optimized, scalable method to access large quantities of galactosylated XyGOs by treatment of the bulk agricultural by-product, tamarind kernel powder (TKP), with a highly specific endo-xyloglucanase at high-solids content. Subsequent β-galactosidase treatment reduced XyGO complexity to produce exclusively the branched heptasaccharide XXXG (Xyl3Glc4: [α-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)]-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-[α-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)]-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-[α-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)]-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-D-Glcp). The challenge of removing the co-product galactose was overcome by fermentation with baker's yeast, thereby avoiding chromatography and other fractionation steps to yield highly pure XXXG. This simplified approach employs many of the core concepts of green chemistry and engineering, enables facile production of 100 g quantities of XyGOs and XXXG for laboratory use, and serves as a guide to further production scale-up for applications, including as prebiotics, plant growth effectors and elicitors, and building blocks for glycoconjugate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Rodd
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - William M Mawhinney
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada.
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25
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Gaenssle ALO, Bertran-Llorens S, Deuss PJ, Jurak E. Enrichment of Aquatic Xylan-Degrading Microbial Communities. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1715. [PMID: 39203557 PMCID: PMC11356981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition towards a sustainable society involves the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable feedstock for materials, fuel, and base chemicals. Lignocellulose consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, forming a complex, recalcitrant matrix where efficient enzymatic saccharification is pivotal for accessing its valuable components. This study investigated microbial communities from brackish Lauwersmeer Lake, in The Netherlands, as a potential source of xylan-degrading enzymes. Environmental sediment samples were enriched with wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and beechwood glucuronoxylan (BEX), with enrichment on WAX showing higher bacterial growth and complete xylan degradation compared to BEX. Metagenomic sequencing revealed communities consisting almost entirely of bacteria (>99%) and substantial shifts in composition during the enrichment. The first generation of seven-day enrichments on both xylans led to a high accumulation of Gammaproteobacteria (49% WAX, 84% BEX), which were largely replaced by Alphaproteobacteria (42% WAX, 69% BEX) in the fourth generation. Analysis of the protein function within the sequenced genomes showed elevated levels of genes associated with the carbohydrate catabolic process, specifically targeting arabinose, xylose, and xylan, indicating an adaptation to the primary monosaccharides present in the carbon source. The data open up the possibility of discovering novel xylan-degrading proteins from other sources aside from the thoroughly studied Bacteroidota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lucie Odette Gaenssle
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 3, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Salvador Bertran-Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 3, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Joseph Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 3, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 3, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Meldrum OW, Yakubov GE. Journey of dietary fiber along the gastrointestinal tract: role of physical interactions, mucus, and biochemical transformations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39141568 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2390556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber-rich foods have been associated with numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Harnessing the potential to deliver positive health outcomes rests on our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations. This review addresses data and concepts concerning plant-based food functionality by dissecting the cascade of physical and chemical digestive processes and interactions that underpin these physiological benefits. Functional transformations of dietary fiber along the gastrointestinal tract from the stages of oral processing and gastric emptying to intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation influence its capacity to modulate digestion, transit, and commensal microbiome. This analysis highlights the significance, limitations, and challenges in decoding the complex web of interactions to establish a coherent framework connecting specific fiber components' molecular and macroscale interactions across multiple length scales within the gastrointestinal tract. One critical area that requires closer examination is the interaction between fiber, mucus barrier, and the commensal microbiome when considering food structure design and personalized nutritional strategies for beneficial physiologic effects. Understanding the response of specific fibers, particularly concerning an individual's physiology, will offer the opportunity to exploit these functional characteristics to elicit specific, symptom-targeting effects or use fiber types as adjunctive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Meldrum
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gleb E Yakubov
- Soft Matter Biomaterials and Biointerfaces, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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27
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Del Corpo D, Coculo D, Greco M, De Lorenzo G, Lionetti V. Pull the fuzes: Processing protein precursors to generate apoplastic danger signals for triggering plant immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100931. [PMID: 38689495 PMCID: PMC11371470 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane encountered by phytopathogenic microbes in the early stages of plant tissue invasion. Plants have developed sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to sense danger events at the cell surface and promptly activate immunity. However, a fine tuning of the activation of immune pathways is necessary to mount a robust and effective defense response. Several endogenous proteins and enzymes are synthesized as inactive precursors, and their post-translational processing has emerged as a critical mechanism for triggering alarms in the apoplast. In this review, we focus on the precursors of phytocytokines, cell wall remodeling enzymes, and proteases. The physiological events that convert inactive precursors into immunomodulatory active peptides or enzymes are described. This review also explores the functional synergies among phytocytokines, cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns, and remodeling, highlighting their roles in boosting extracellular immunity and reinforcing defenses against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Corpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Coculo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Greco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Simović M, Banjanac K, Veljković M, Nikolić V, López-Revenga P, Montilla A, Moreno FJ, Bezbradica D. Sunflower Meal Valorization through Enzyme-Aided Fractionation and the Production of Emerging Prebiotics. Foods 2024; 13:2506. [PMID: 39200433 PMCID: PMC11353406 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in harnessing the potential of biomass and industry byproducts for the development of novel products and materials. In particular, this study explored the efficient valorization of sunflower meal (SFM), an underutilized byproduct of the oil extraction industry, usually discarded or used as low-value animal feed through enzyme-aided fractionation, specifically targeting the extraction and conversion of its abundant carbohydrate component, xylan, into emerging prebiotic compounds-xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs)-which are recognized as promotors of a healthy gut microbiome and overall human wellbeing. An enzymatic treatment using Alcalase® 2.4 L was implemented for facilitating the recovery of a highly pure hemicellulosic fraction (92.2% carbohydrates) rich in β-(1→4)-linked xylose residues with arabinose and glucuronic acid substitutions (DP-xylan). A further enzymatic treatment of this substrate, using ROHALASE® SEP-VISCO under optimized conditions (70 °C, pH 6, 0.005% v/v enzyme concentration), produced 52.3% of XOSs with a polymerization degree (DP) less than 20 after two hours. Further analyses demonstrated that the majority of the obtained product had a DP less than 6, predominantly consisting of di- and trisaccharides (XOS2 and XOS3) without the significant generation of xylose. These findings highlight the significant potential of SFM for the generation of valuable prebiotic compounds in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Simović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegieva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Banjanac
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegieva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Milica Veljković
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegieva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Valentina Nikolić
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Maize Research Institute, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Paula López-Revenga
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Science Research Institute CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.-R.); (A.M.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Antonia Montilla
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Science Research Institute CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.-R.); (A.M.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Francisco Javier Moreno
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Science Research Institute CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.-R.); (A.M.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegieva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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29
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Huang X, Hu X, Liu Q, Xie Z, Tan S, Qin X, Chen T, Wu W, Saud S, Nawaz T, El-Kahtany K, Fahad S, Yi K. Full-length agave transcriptome reveals candidate glycosyltransferase genes involved in hemicellulose biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133508. [PMID: 38944067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Agave species are typical crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants commonly cultivated to produce beverages, fibers, and medicines. To date, few studies have examined hemicellulose biosynthesis in Agave H11648, which is the primary cultivar used for fiber production. We conducted PacBio sequencing to obtain full-length transcriptome of five agave tissues: leaves, shoots, roots, flowers, and fruits. A total of 41,807 genes were generated, with a mean length of 2394 bp and an annotation rate of 97.12 % using public databases. We identified 42 glycosyltransferase genes related to hemicellulose biosynthesis, including mixed-linkage glucan (1), glucomannan (5), xyloglucan (16), and xylan (20). Their expression patterns were examined during leaf development and fungal infection, together with hemicellulose content. The results revealed four candidate glycosyltransferase genes involved in xyloglucan and xylan biosynthesis, including glucan synthase (CSLC), xylosyl transferase (XXT), xylan glucuronyltransferase (GUX), and xylan α-1,3-arabinosyltransferase (XAT). These genes can be potential targets for manipulating xyloglucan and xylan traits in agaves, and can also be used as candidate enzymatic tools for enzyme engineering. We have provided the first full-length transcriptome of agave, which will be a useful resource for gene identification and characterization in agave species. We also elucidated the hemicellulose biosynthesis machinery, which will benefit future studies on hemicellulose traits in agave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhouli Xie
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shibei Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Weihuai Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Khaled El-Kahtany
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakh-tunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Kexian Yi
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou 571101, China.
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30
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Dräger H, Mobley J, Kamali P, Dorrani M, Lynn B, DeHaan L, Schendel RR. Lignin, extractives and structural carbohydrate characteristics of Thinopyrum intermedium biomass reveal additional valorization opportunities for dual-crop utilization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39045781 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, or intermediate wheat grass (IWG), is being developed as the first widely-available perennial grain candidate. However, because the crop is still in development, grain yields are lower than those of traditional cereals. Utilization of its non-grain biomass (e.g. for biofuel production and as a source of fine chemicals) would increase the economic value of its cultivation. The present study provides a structural characterization of the lignin and cell wall carbohydrates in IWG biomass and qualitative profiling of biomass extractives and compares them to those of annual wheat (Triticum aestivum) biomass grown in the same location and growing season. RESULTS The monosaccharide composition and ester-linked phenolic acid contents of vegetative biomass material from annual wheat and IWG were similar. IWG vegetative biomass is rich in feruloylated arabinoxylans (AX) with a very low substitution rate, whereas the AX from IWG bran have a slightly higher substitution rate. The structure of IWG lignin was investigated using both the quantitative derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method and 2D-NMR analysis, revealing an H:G:S lignin that incorporates tricin and is acylated with coumaric acid and smaller amounts of ferulates. IWG and wheat extractives contained fatty acids, various free phenolic compounds (tricin, monolignols and phenolic acids), phenolic conjugates and phytosterols. CONCLUSION The present study provides firm support for the further exploration of T. intermedium biomass as a carbohydrate feedstock (e.g, abundant in lightly substituted AX and cellulose polymers) for biofuel production and source of high-value fine chemicals, such as tricin. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dräger
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Justin Mobley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Poorya Kamali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Bert Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Rachel R Schendel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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31
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Wannitikul P, Dachphun I, Sakulkoo J, Suttangkakul A, Wonnapinij P, Simister R, Gomez LD, Vuttipongchaikij S. In Vivo Proximity Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation of Cell Wall Epitopes Identify Proteins Associated with the Biosynthesis of Matrix Polysaccharides. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31438-31454. [PMID: 39072051 PMCID: PMC11270709 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Identification of proteins involved in cell wall matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis is crucial to understand plant cell wall biology. We utilized in vivo cross-linking and immunoprecipitation with cell wall antibodies that recognized xyloglucan, xylan, mannan, and homogalacturonan to capture proteins associated with matrix polysaccharides in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The use of cross-linkers allowed us to capture proteins actively associated with cell wall polymers, including those directly interacting with glycans via glycan-protein (GP) cross-linkers and those associated with proteins linked to glycans via a protein-protein (PP) cross-linker. Immunoprecipitations led to the identification of 65 Arabidopsis protein IDs localized in the Golgi, ER, plasma membrane, and others without subcellular localization data. Among these, we found several glycosyltransferases directly involved in polysaccharide synthesis, along with proteins related to cell wall modification and vesicle trafficking. Protein interaction networks from DeepAraPPI and AtMAD databases showed interactions between various IDs, including those related to cell-wall-associated proteins and membrane/vesicle trafficking proteins. Gene expression and coexpression analyses supported the presence and relevance of the proteins to the cell wall processes. Reverse genetic studies using T-DNA insertion mutants of selected proteins revealed changes in cell wall composition and saccharification, further supporting their potential roles in cell wall biosynthesis. Overall, our approach represents a novel approach for studying cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and associated proteins, providing advantages over traditional immunoprecipitation techniques. This study provides a list of putative proteins associated with different matrix polysaccharides for further investigation and highlights the complexity of cell wall biosynthesis and trafficking within plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaporn Wannitikul
- Department
of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngarm Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Issariya Dachphun
- Department
of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngarm Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Sakulkoo
- Department
of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngarm Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anongpat Suttangkakul
- Department
of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngarm Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics
Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department
of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngarm Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics
Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Rachael Simister
- CNAP,
Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United
Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- CNAP,
Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United
Kingdom
| | - Supachai Vuttipongchaikij
- Department
of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngarm Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics
Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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32
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Kutyrieva-Nowak N, Leszczuk A, Denic D, Bellaidi S, Blazakis K, Gemeliari P, Lis M, Kalaitzis P, Zdunek A. In vivo and ex vivo study on cell wall components as part of the network in tomato fruit during the ripening process. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae145. [PMID: 38988613 PMCID: PMC11233857 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ripening is a process involving various morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in fruits. This process is affected by modifications in the cell wall structure, particularly in the composition of polysaccharides and proteins. The cell wall assembly is a network of polysaccharides and proteoglycans named the arabinoxylan pectin arabinogalactan protein1 (APAP1). The complex consists of the arabinogalactan protein (AGP) core with the pectin domain including arabinogalactan (AG) type II, homogalacturonan (HG), and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). The present paper aims to determine the impact of a disturbance in the synthesis of one constituent on the integrity of the cell wall. Therefore, in the current work, we have tested the impact of modified expression of the SlP4H3 gene connected with proline hydroxylase (P4H) activity on AGP presence in the fruit matrix. Using an immunolabelling technique (CLSM), an immunogold method (TEM), molecular tools, and calcium mapping (SEM-EDS), we have demonstrated that disturbances in AGP synthesis affect the entire cell wall structure. Changes in the spatio-temporal AGP distribution may be related to the formation of a network between AGPs with other cell wall components. Moreover, the modified structure of the cell wall assembly induces morphological changes visible at the cellular level during the progression of the ripening process. These results support the hypothesis that AGPs and pectins are required for the proper progression of the physiological processes occurring in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dusan Denic
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Samia Bellaidi
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Blazakis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Petroula Gemeliari
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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Wang L, Wang YY, Chen ZL, Li YH. Enzymatic characterization and thermostability improvement of an acidophilic endoxylanase PphXyn11 from Paenibacillus physcomitrellae XB. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106482. [PMID: 38583789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
GH11 enzyme is known to be specific and efficient for the hydrolysis of xylan. It has been isolated from many microorganisms, and its enzymatic characteristics and thermostability vary between species. In this study, a GH11 enzyme PphXyn11 from a novel xylan-degrading strain of Paenibacillus physcomitrellae XB was characterized, and five mutants were constructed to try to improve the enzyme's thermostability. The results showed that PphXyn11 was an acidophilic endo-β-1,4-xylanase with the optimal reaction pH of 3.0-4.0, and it could deconstruct different kinds of xylan substrates efficiently, such as beechwood xylan, wheat arabinoxylan and xylo-oligosaccharides, to produce xylobiose and xylotriose as the main products at the optimal reaction temperature of 40 °C. Improvement of the thermal stability of PphXyn11 using site-directed mutagenesis revealed that three mutants, W33C/N47C, S127C/N174C and S49E, designed by adding the disulfide bonds at the N-terminal, C-terminal and increasing the charged residues on the surface of PphXyn11 respectively, could increase the enzymatic activity and thermal stablility significantly and make the optimal reaction temperature reach 50 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations as well as computed the numbers of salt bridges and hydrogen bonds indicated that the protein structures of these three mutants were more stable than the wild type, which provided theoretical support for their improved thermal stability. Certainly, further research is necessary to improve the enzymatic characteristics of PphXyn11 to achieve the bioconversion of hemicellulosic biomass on an applicable scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhi Ling Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yan Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Zheng B, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Chen S, Chen L, Li Y, Wu A, Li H. Understanding the dynamic evolution of hemicellulose during Pinus taeda L. growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132914. [PMID: 38844290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pinus taeda L. is a fast-growing softwood with significant commercial value. Understanding structural changes in hemicellulose during growth is essential to understanding the biosynthesis processes occurring in the cell walls of this tree. In this study, alkaline extraction is applied to isolate hemicellulose from Pinus taeda L. stem segments of different ages (1, 2, 3, and 4 years old). The results show that the extracted hemicellulose is mainly comprised of O-acetylgalactoglucomannan (GGM) and 4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX), with the molecular weights and ratios (i.e., GGM:GAX) of GGM and GAX increasing alongside Pinus taeda L. age. Mature Pinus taeda L. hemicellulose is mainly composed of GGM, and the ratio of (mannose:glucose) in the GGM main chain gradually increases from 2.45 to 3.60 with growth, while the galactose substitution of GGM decreases gradually from 21.36% to 14.65%. The acetylation of GGM gradually increases from 0.33 to 0.45 with the acetyl groups mainly substituting into the O-3 position in the mannan. Furthermore, the contents of arabinose and glucuronic acid in GAX gradually decrease with growth. This study can provide useful information to the research in genetic breeding and high-value utilization of Pinus taeda L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zibin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luoting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huiling Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Lou T, Lv S, Wang J, Wang D, Lin K, Zhang X, Zhang B, Guo Z, Yi Z, Li Y. Cell size and xylem differentiation regulating genes from Salicornia europaea contribute to plant salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2640-2659. [PMID: 38558078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell wall is involved in plant growth and plays pivotal roles in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Cell wall remodelling may be crucial to salt adaptation in the euhalophyte Salicornia europaea. However, the mechanism underlying this process is still unclear. Here, full-length transcriptome indicated cell wall-related genes were comprehensively regulated under salinity. The morphology and cell wall components in S. europaea shoot were largely modified under salinity. Through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, SeXTH2 encoding xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, and two SeLACs encoding laccases were focused. Meanwhile, SeEXPB was focused according to expansin activity and the expression profiling. Function analysis in Arabidopsis validated the functions of these genes in enhancing salt tolerance. SeXTH2 and SeEXPB overexpression led to larger cells and leaves with hemicellulose and pectin content alteration. SeLAC1 and SeLAC2 overexpression led to more xylem vessels, increased secondary cell wall thickness and lignin content. Notably, SeXTH2 transgenic rice exhibited enhanced salt tolerance and higher grain yield. Altogether, these genes may function in the succulence and lignification process in S. europaea. This work throws light on the regulatory mechanism of cell wall remodelling in S. europaea under salinity and provides potential strategies for improving crop salt tolerance and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxue Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of In Vitro Diagnostic Reagent, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duoliya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
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Yang H, Huang J, Ye Y, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Li X, Ma Y, Lu T, Rao Y. Research Progress on Mechanical Strength of Rice Stalks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1726. [PMID: 38999566 PMCID: PMC11243543 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most important food crops in the world, rice yield is directly related to national food security. Lodging is one of the most important factors restricting rice production, and the cultivation of rice varieties with lodging resistance is of great significance in rice breeding. The lodging resistance of rice is directly related to the mechanical strength of the stalks. In this paper, we reviewed the cell wall structure, its components, and its genetic regulatory mechanism, which improved the regulatory network of rice stalk mechanical strength. Meanwhile, we analyzed the new progress in genetic breeding and put forward some scientific problems that need to be solved in this field in order to provide theoretical support for the improvement and application of rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Mao M, Ahrens L, Luka J, Contreras F, Kurkina T, Bienstein M, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Schirinzi G, Mehn D, Valsesia A, Desmet C, Serra MÁ, Gilliland D, Schwaneberg U. Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6445-6510. [PMID: 38747901 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Material-binding peptides (MBPs) have emerged as a diverse and innovation-enabling class of peptides in applications such as plant-/human health, immobilization of catalysts, bioactive coatings, accelerated polymer degradation and analytics for micro-/nanoplastics quantification. Progress has been fuelled by recent advancements in protein engineering methodologies and advances in computational and analytical methodologies, which allow the design of, for instance, material-specific MBPs with fine-tuned binding strength for numerous demands in material science applications. A genetic or chemical conjugation of second (biological, chemical or physical property-changing) functionality to MBPs empowers the design of advanced (hybrid) materials, bioactive coatings and analytical tools. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview comprising naturally occurring MBPs and their function in nature, binding properties of short man-made MBPs (<20 amino acids) mainly obtained from phage-display libraries, and medium-sized binding peptides (20-100 amino acids) that have been reported to bind to metals, polymers or other industrially produced materials. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular interactions between materials and material-specific binding peptides, and thereby empower the use of MBPs in material science applications. Protein engineering methodologies and selected examples to tailor MBPs toward applications in agriculture with a focus on plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and environmental monitoring serve as examples of the transformative power of MBPs for various industrial applications. An emphasis will be given to MBPs' role in detecting and quantifying microplastics in high throughput, distinguishing microplastics from other environmental particles, and thereby assisting to close an analytical gap in food safety and monitoring of environmental plastic pollution. In essence, this review aims to provide an overview among researchers from diverse disciplines in respect to material-(specific) binding of MBPs, protein engineering methodologies to tailor their properties to application demands, re-engineering for material science applications using MBPs, and thereby inspire researchers to employ MBPs in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Mao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julian Luka
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisca Contreras
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Senanayake M, Lin CY, Mansfield SD, Eudes A, Davison BH, Pingali SV, O'Neill H. Ectopic Production of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate in Planta Affects Cellulose Structure and Organization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3542-3553. [PMID: 38780531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a highly sustainable and largely carbon dioxide neutral feedstock for the production of biofuels and advanced biomaterials. Although thermochemical pretreatment is typically used to increase the efficiency of cell wall deconstruction, genetic engineering of the major plant cell wall polymers, especially lignin, has shown promise as an alternative approach to reduce biomass recalcitrance. Poplar trees with reduced lignin content and altered composition were previously developed by overexpressing bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) enzyme to divert carbon flux from the shikimate pathway. In this work, three transgenic poplar lines with increasing QsuB expression levels and different lignin contents were studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). SANS showed that although the cellulose microfibril cross-sectional dimension remained unchanged, the ordered organization of the microfibrils progressively decreased with increased QsuB expression. This was correlated with decreasing total lignin content in the QsuB lines. WAXS showed that the crystallite dimensions of cellulose microfibrils transverse to the growth direction were not affected by the QsuB expression, but the crystallite dimensions parallel to the growth direction were decreased by ∼20%. Cellulose crystallinity was also decreased with increased QsuB expression, which could be related to high levels of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, the product of QsuB expression, disrupting microfibril crystallization. In addition, the cellulose microfibril orientation angle showed a bimodal distribution at higher QsuB expression levels. Overall, this study provides new structural insights into the impact of ectopic synthesis of small-molecule metabolites on cellulose organization and structure that can be used for future efforts aimed at reducing biomass recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Senanayake
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian H Davison
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hugh O'Neill
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Díaz-Tapia KM, Zavala-Páramo MG, Villa-Rivera MG, Morelos-Martínez MI, López-Romero E, Simpson J, Bolaños-Rebolledo J, Cano-Camacho H. Differential Carbon Catabolite Repression and Hemicellulolytic Ability among Pathotypes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum against Natural Plant Substrates. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:406. [PMID: 38921392 PMCID: PMC11204554 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes anthracnose in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and presents a great diversity of pathotypes with different levels of virulence against bean varieties worldwide. The purpose of this study was to establish whether pathotypic diversity is associated with differences in the mycelial growth and secretion of plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). We evaluated growth, hemicellulase and cellulase activity, and PCWDE secretion in four pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum in cultures with glucose, bean hypocotyls and green beans of P. vulgaris, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The results showed differences in the mycelial growth, hemicellulolytic activity, and PCWDE secretion among the pathotypes. Glucose was not the preferred carbon source for the best mycelial growth in all pathotypes, each of which showed a unique PCWDE secretion profile, indicating different levels of carbon catabolite regulation (CCR). The pathotypes showed a high differential hemicellulolytic capacity to degrade host and water hyacinth tissues, suggesting CCR by pentoses and that there are differences in the absorption and metabolism of different monosaccharides and/or disaccharides. We propose that different levels of CCR could optimize growth in different host tissues and could allow for consortium behavior in interactions with bean crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Morelia Díaz-Tapia
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - Ma. Irene Morelos-Martínez
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta SN, Guanajuato 36030, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - June Simpson
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Jeni Bolaños-Rebolledo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Horacio Cano-Camacho
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
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Sun S, Su W, Gao L, Bi J, Wang Q, Xu Q. Genome-wide identification and examination of the wheat glycosyltransferase family 43 regulation during Fusarium graminearum infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132475. [PMID: 38772456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis and rice, the glycosyltransferase (GT) 43 family is involved in xylan synthesis. However, there have been limited reports on the study of the TaGT43 family in wheat. In this study, 28 TaGT43 family members were identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and clustered into three major groups based on the similarity of amino acid sequences. The results of the TaGT43 family's conserved motif and gene structure analyses agree with this result. Collinearity analysis revealed segmental duplications mainly promoted TaGT43 family expansion. cis-Acting element analysis revealed that the TaGT43 genes were involved in the light response, phytohormone response, abiotic/biotic stress response, and growth and development. The TaGT43 family showed a tissue-specific expression pattern, primarily expressed in roots and stems. Besides, the transcriptional and expression levels of multiple TaGT43 genes were upregulated during the infection of F. graminearum. According to metabolomics studies, F. graminearum infection affected the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in wheat, a critical factor in cell wall construction. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis indicated that the TaGT43 genes play a significant role in cell wall organization. Based on these results, it may be concluded that the TaGT43 family mediates cell wall organization in response to F. graminearum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wenli Su
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jianjie Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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Cao Y, Pan Y, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang M, Li Y, Guo S. Variation of mesophyll conductance mediated by nitrogen form is related to changes in cell wall property and chloroplast number. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae112. [PMID: 38919556 PMCID: PMC11197310 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants primarily incorporate nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) as the primary source of inorganic nitrogen (N); the physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis (A) dropdown under NH4 + nutrition has been investigated in many studies. Leaf anatomy is a major determinant to mesophyll conductance (g m) and photosynthesis; however, it remains unclear whether the photosynthesis variations of plants exposed to different N forms is related to leaf anatomical variation. In this work, a common shrub, Lonicera japonica was hydroponically grown under NH4 +, NO3 - and 50% NH4 +/NO3 -. We found that leaf N significantly accumulated under NH4 +, whereas the photosynthesis was significantly decreased, which was mainly caused by a reduced g m. The reduced g m under NH4 + was related to the decreased intercellular air space, the reduced chloroplast number and especially the thicker cell walls. Among the cell wall components, lignin and hemicellulose contents under NH4 + nutrition were significantly higher than those in the other two N forms and were scaled negatively correlated with g m; while pectin content was independent from N forms. Pathway analysis further revealed that the cell wall components might indirectly regulate g m by influencing the thickness of the cell wall. These results highlight the importance of leaf anatomical variation characterized by modifications of chloroplasts number and cell wall thickness and compositions, in the regulation of photosynthesis in response to varied N sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Tianheng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
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42
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Liu N, Odinot E, David H, Vita N, Otalvaro FM, Parsiegla G, Denis Y, Faulds C, Fierobe HP, Perret S. Intracellular removal of acetyl, feruloyl and p-coumaroyl decorations on arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides imported from lignocellulosic biomass degradation by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:151. [PMID: 38789996 PMCID: PMC11127375 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylans are polysaccharides that are naturally abundant in agricultural by-products, such as cereal brans and straws. Microbial degradation of arabinoxylan is facilitated by extracellular esterases that remove acetyl, feruloyl, and p-coumaroyl decorations. The bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum possesses the Xua (xylan utilization associated) system, which is responsible for importing and intracellularly degrading arabinoxylodextrins. This system includes an arabinoxylodextrins importer, four intracellular glycosyl hydrolases, and two intracellular esterases, XuaH and XuaJ which are encoded at the end of the gene cluster. RESULTS Genetic studies demonstrate that the genes xuaH and xuaJ are part of the xua operon, which covers xuaABCDD'EFGHIJ. This operon forms a functional unit regulated by the two-component system XuaSR. The esterases encoded at the end of the cluster have been further characterized: XuaJ is an acetyl esterase active on model substrates, while XuaH is a xylan feruloyl- and p-coumaryl-esterase. This latter is active on oligosaccharides derived from wheat bran and wheat straw. Modelling studies indicate that XuaH has the potential to interact with arabinoxylobiose acylated with mono- or diferulate. The intracellular esterases XuaH and XuaJ are believed to allow the cell to fully utilize the complex acylated arabinoxylo-dextrins imported into the cytoplasm during growth on wheat bran or straw. CONCLUSIONS This study reports for the first time that a cytosolic feruloyl esterase is part of an intracellular arabinoxylo-dextrin import and degradation system, completing its cytosolic enzymatic arsenal. This system represents a new pathway for processing highly-decorated arabinoxylo-dextrins, which could provide a competitive advantage to the cell and may have interesting biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Odinot
- OléoInnov, 19 rue du Musée, Marseille, 13001, France
| | - Hélène David
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vita
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Felipe Mejia Otalvaro
- Technical University of Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Konges Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, BIP-UMR7281, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IMM, Marseille, France
| | - Craig Faulds
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, UMR1163, 13009, France
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Bou Daher F, Serra L, Carter R, Jönsson H, Robinson S, Meyerowitz EM, Gray WM. Xyloglucan deficiency leads to a reduction in turgor pressure and changes in cell wall properties, affecting early seedling establishment. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2094-2106.e6. [PMID: 38677280 PMCID: PMC11111339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Xyloglucan is believed to play a significant role in cell wall mechanics of dicot plants. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis plants defective in xyloglucan biosynthesis exhibit nearly normal growth and development. We investigated a mutant line, cslc-Δ5, lacking activity in all five Arabidopsis cellulose synthase like-C (CSLC) genes responsible for xyloglucan backbone biosynthesis. We observed that this xyloglucan-deficient line exhibited reduced cellulose crystallinity and increased pectin levels, suggesting the existence of feedback mechanisms that regulate wall composition to compensate for the absence of xyloglucan. These alterations in cell wall composition in the xyloglucan-absent plants were further linked to a decrease in cell wall elastic modulus and rupture stress, as observed through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and extensometer-based techniques. This raised questions about how plants with such modified cell wall properties can maintain normal growth. Our investigation revealed two key factors contributing to this phenomenon. First, measurements of turgor pressure, a primary driver of plant growth, revealed that cslc-Δ5 plants have reduced turgor, preventing the compromised walls from bursting while still allowing growth to occur. Second, we discovered the conservation of elastic asymmetry (ratio of axial to transverse wall elasticity) in the mutant, suggesting an additional mechanism contributing to the maintenance of normal growth. This novel feedback mechanism between cell wall composition and mechanical properties, coupled with turgor pressure regulation, plays a central role in the control of plant growth and is critical for seedling establishment in a mechanically challenging environment by affecting shoot emergence and root penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Bou Daher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
| | - Leo Serra
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ross Carter
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Henrik Jönsson
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William M Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Ma Y, Jie H, Zhao L, He P, Lv X, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Xing H, Jie Y. BnXTH1 regulates cadmium tolerance by modulating vacuolar compartmentalization and the cadmium binding capacity of cell walls in ramie (Boehmeria nivea). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134172. [PMID: 38569340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH) are cell wall-modifying enzymes important in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of XTH in cadmium (Cd) tolerance in ramie remains largely unknown. Here, we identified and cloned BnXTH1, a member of the XTH family, in response to Cd stress in ramie. The BnXTH1 promoter (BnXTH1p) demonstrated that MeJA induces the response of BnXTH1p to Cd stress. Moreover, overexpressing BnXTH1 in Boehmeria nivea increased Cd tolerance by significantly increasing the Cd content in the cell wall and decreasing Cd inside ramie cells. Cadmium stress induced BnXTH1-expression and consequently increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity, leading to high xyloglucan contents and increased hemicellulose contents in ramie. The elevated hemicellulose content increased Cd chelation onto the cell walls and reduced the level of intracellular Cd. Interestingly, overexpressing BnXTH1 significantly increased the content of Cd in vacuoles of ramie and vacuolar compartmentalization genes. Altogether, these results evidence that Cd stress induced MeJA accumulation in ramie, thus, activating BnXTH1 expression and increasing the content of xyloglucan to enhance the hemicellulose binding capacity and increase Cd chelation onto cell walls. BnXTH1 also enhances the vacuolar Cd compartmentalization and reduces the level of Cd entering the organelles and soluble solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Ma
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Hongdong Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Long Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pengliang He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xueying Lv
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hucheng Xing
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Changsha 410128, China.
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Talekar S, Barrow CJ, Nguyen HC, Zolfagharian A, Zare S, Farjana SH, Macreadie PI, Ashraf M, Trevathan-Tackett SM. Using waste biomass to produce 3D-printed artificial biodegradable structures for coastal ecosystem restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171728. [PMID: 38492597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The loss of ecosystem functions and services caused by rapidly declining coastal marine ecosystems, including corals and bivalve reefs and wetlands, around the world has sparked significant interest in interdisciplinary methods to restore these ecologically and socially important ecosystems. In recent years, 3D-printed artificial biodegradable structures that mimic natural life stages or habitat have emerged as a promising method for coastal marine restoration. The effectiveness of this method relies on the availability of low-cost biodegradable printing polymers and the development of 3D-printed biomimetic structures that efficiently support the growth of plant and sessile animal species without harming the surrounding ecosystem. In this context, we present the potential and pathway for utilizing low-cost biodegradable biopolymers from waste biomass as printing materials to fabricate 3D-printed biodegradable artificial structures for restoring coastal marine ecosystems. Various waste biomass sources can be used to produce inexpensive biopolymers, particularly those with the higher mechanical rigidity required for 3D-printed artificial structures intended to restore marine ecosystems. Advancements in 3D printing methods, as well as biopolymer modifications and blending to address challenges like biopolymer solubility, rheology, chemical composition, crystallinity, plasticity, and heat stability, have enabled the fabrication of robust structures. The ability of 3D-printed structures to support species colonization and protection was found to be greatly influenced by their biopolymer type, surface topography, structure design, and complexity. Considering limited studies on biodegradability and the effect of biodegradation products on marine ecosystems, we highlight the need for investigating the biodegradability of biopolymers in marine conditions as well as the ecotoxicity of the degraded products. Finally, we present the challenges, considerations, and future perspectives for designing tunable biomimetic 3D-printed artificial biodegradable structures from waste biomass biopolymers for large-scale coastal marine restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Talekar
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Green Chemistry in Manufacturing, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Green Chemistry in Manufacturing, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Hoang Chinh Nguyen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Shahab Zare
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Peter I Macreadie
- Deakin Marine Research and Innovation Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Mahmud Ashraf
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Stacey M Trevathan-Tackett
- Deakin Marine Research and Innovation Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Shao L, Jin S, Chen J, Yang G, Fan R, Zhang Z, Deng Q, Han J, Ma X, Dong Z, Lu H, Hu W, Wang K, Hu L, Shen Z, Huang S, Zhao T, Guan X, Hu Y, Zhang T, Fang L. High-quality genomes of Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra provide insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber development. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100832. [PMID: 38321741 PMCID: PMC11121743 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Malvaceae family, including Corchorus spp., Gossypium spp., Bombax spp., and Ceiba spp., are important sources of natural fibers. In the past decade, the genomes of several Malvaceae species have been assembled; however, the evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the differences in their fiber development remain to be clarified. Here, we report the genome assembly and annotation of two natural fiber plants from the Malvaceae, Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra, whose assembled genome sizes are 783.56 Mb and 1575.47 Mb, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication and Gypsy long terminal repeat retroelements have been the major causes of differences in chromosome number (2n = 14 to 2n = 96) and genome size (234 Mb to 2676 Mb) among Malvaceae species. We also used comparative genomic analyses to reconstruct the ancestral Malvaceae karyotype with 11 proto-chromosomes, providing new insights into the evolutionary trajectories of Malvaceae species. MYB-MIXTA-like 3 is relatively conserved among the Malvaceae and functions in fiber cell-fate determination in the epidermis. It appears to perform this function in any tissue where it is expressed, i.e. in fibers on the endocarp of B. ceiba and in ovule fibers of cotton. We identified a structural variation in a cellulose synthase gene and a higher copy number of cellulose synthase-like genes as possible causes of the finer, less spinnable, weaker fibers of B. ceiba. Our study provides two high-quality genomes of natural fiber plants and offers insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber formation and development through multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangsui Yang
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Spices and Beverages Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyu Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hejun Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lisong Hu
- Spices and Beverages Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Surong Huang
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Zink JI, Zehnder-Wyss O, Dällenbach D, Nyström L, Windhab EJ. Enzymatic degradation of pea fibers changes pea protein concentrate functionality. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100744. [PMID: 38800639 PMCID: PMC11126764 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pea proteins are gaining increased interest from both the food industry as well as from consumers. Pea protein isolates (PPI) excel at forming meat-like textures upon heating while pea protein concentrates (PPC) are more challenging to transform into highly sought-after foods. PPCs are richer in dietary fibers (DF) and are more sustainable to produce than PPI. In this work, degradative enzymes were used to modify the functionality of PPC-water blends with a focus on texturization upon heating. Three enzyme solutions containing β-glucanases, hemicellulases, pectinases, xylanase, and cellulases were added to 65 wt% PPC blends. The effect of these enzymatic pretreatments was measured by monitoring the torque in a mixing reactor during blending, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high-pressure shear rheology (HPSR), and DF content and size analysis. Four endothermic peaks were detected in the DSC thermograms of PPC, namely at 63 °C, 77 °C, 105 °C and 123 °C. The first three peaks were attributed to phase transition and gelation temperatures of the starches and proteins constituting PPC. No endothermic peaks were measured for PPI blends. Enzyme solutions containing β-glucanases, hemicellulases, pectinases, and xylanases increased the endothermic energy of all peaks, hinting at an effect on the gelation properties of PPC. The same enzymes decreased the resistance to flow of PPC blends and induced a shift of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) distribution of soluble dietary fibers (SDF) towards smaller values while increasing the fraction of SDF by decreasing the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) content. The solution containing cellulases did not change the DSC results or the viscosity of the PPC mixture, nor did it affect the IDF and SDF contents. On the other hand HPSR measurements of heated PPC samples up to 125 °C showed that all tested enzyme solutions decreased the complex viscosity of PPC-water blends to values similar to PPI-water blends. We demonstrated that degradative enzymes can enhance the functionality of less refined protein-rich ingredients based on pea and other vegetal sources. Using optimized enzyme blends for targeted applications can prove to be a key changer in the development and improvement of sustainable protein-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël I. Zink
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Zehnder-Wyss
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Dylan Dällenbach
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nyström
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Erich J. Windhab
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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49
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Cosgrove DJ. Structure and growth of plant cell walls. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:340-358. [PMID: 38102449 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are assembled by the cell to make a strong yet extensible wall. This Review describes the physics of wall growth and its regulation by cellular processes such as cellulose production by cellulose synthase, modulation of wall pH by plasma membrane H+-ATPase, wall loosening by expansin and signalling by plant hormones such as auxin and brassinosteroid. In addition, this Review discusses the nuanced roles, properties and interactions of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and cell wall proteins and describes how wall stress and wall loosening cooperatively result in cell wall growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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de Souza AP, de Oliveira DC, Dalvi VC, Kuster VC. Nutritive tissue rich in reserves in the cell wall and protoplast: the case of Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae) galls induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:513-525. [PMID: 38114665 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The galls can offer shelter, protection, and an adequate diet for the gall-inducing organisms. Herein, we evaluated the structure of Manihot esculenta leaves and galls induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis in order to identify metabolic and cell wall composition changes. We expected to find a complex gall with high primary metabolism in a typical nutritive tissue. Non-galled leaves and galls were subjected to anatomical, histochemical, and immunocytochemical analyses to evaluate the structural features, primary and secondary metabolites, and glycoproteins, pectins, and hemicelluloses in the cell wall. The gall is cylindric, with a uniseriate epidermis, a larval chamber, and a parenchymatic cortex divided into outer and inner compartments. The outer compartment has large cells with intercellular spaces and stocks starch and is designated as storage tissue. Reducing sugars, proteins, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids were detected in the protoplast of inner tissue cells of galls, named nutritive tissue, which presents five layers of compact small cells. Cell walls with esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) occurred in some cells of the galls indicating the continuous biosynthesis of HGs. For both non-galled leaves and galls, galactans and xyloglucans were broadly labeled on the cell walls, indicating a cell growth capacity and cell wall stiffness, respectively. The cell wall of the nutritive tissue had wide labeling for glycoproteins, HGs, heteroxylans, and xyloglucans, which can be used as source for the diet of the galling insect. Manihot esculenta galls have compartments specialized in the protection and feeding of the galling insect, structured by nutritive tissue rich in resource compounds, in the cell walls and protoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Denis Coelho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Anatomia, Desenvolvimento Vegetal e Interações, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Instituto de Biologia (INBIO), Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Coelho Kuster
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Campus Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
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