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Farhan M, Akhtar S, Ahmad I, Maryam, Hussain H, Yasin M, Farooqi MA, Zhang S. Assessing the potential of nano-formulated chlorfenapyr and clothianidin insecticides-treated sugar baits against Anopheles funestus, Anopeles coluzzii and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107269. [PMID: 38821147 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes serve as vectors for various diseases like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and lymphatic filarial diseases causing significant global health problems, highlighting the importance of vector control. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of nanoformulated clothianidin and chlorfenapyr insecticides treated with ATSB in controlling three mosquito strains. The development of a natural thiolated polymer-coated ATSB nano formulation involved incorporating nano-carriers to deliver insecticides. Field- collected mosquito strains were subjected to laboratory-based bioassays using 1 % and 1.5 % concentrations of each conventionally used and nanoformulated insecticide with ATSB solution. Adult mosquitoes were left overnight to contact with N-ATSB and efficacy was recorded after 36 and 72 h. The results showed that nanoformulated chlorfenapyr was significantly more effective as compared to clothianidin against An. funestus and Cx. quinquefasciatus but the results were not significantly different against An. coluzzii (100 %). An. coluzzii was found to be the most susceptible strain followed by An. funestus and showed 100 % and ∼ 98 % mortality against nanoformulated chlorfenapyr (1.5 %). Nanoformulated clothianidin induced more than 92 % and ∼ 100 % mortality against An. funestus and An. coluzzii respectively. However, Cx. quinquefasciatus significantly showed less mortality against nanoformulated clothianidin (88 %) and chlorfenapyr (>95 %) as compared to Anopheline strains. Furthermore, results indicate that nanoformulated insecticides significantly caused greater and prolonged fatality as compared to conventional form, suggesting effective and suitable strategies for vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, China
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maryam
- Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Hussain
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, China.
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Mushtaq I, Sarwar MS, Chaudhry A, Shah SAH, Ahmad MM. Updates on traditional methods for combating malaria and emerging Wolbachia-based interventions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1330475. [PMID: 38716193 PMCID: PMC11074371 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1330475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating challenge of malaria control necessitates innovative approaches that extend beyond traditional control strategies. This review explores the incorporation of traditional vector control techniques with emerging Wolbachia-based interventions. Wolbachia, a naturally occurring bacteria, offers a novel approach for combatting vector-borne diseases, including malaria, by reducing the mosquitoes' ability to transmit these diseases. The study explores the rationale for this integration, presenting various case studies and pilot projects that have exhibited significant success. Employing a multi-dimensional approach that includes community mobilization, environmental modifications, and new biological methods, the paper posits that integrated efforts could mark a turning point in the struggle against malaria. Our findings indicate that incorporating Wolbachia-based strategies into existing vector management programs not only is feasible but also heightens the efficacy of malaria control initiatives in different countries especially in Pakistan. The paper concludes that continued research and international collaboration are imperative for translating these promising methods from the laboratory to the field, thereby offering a more sustainable and effective malaria control strategy.
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Chiu MC, Neoh KB, Hwang SY. The effect of attractive toxic sugar bait on the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in community farms in Northern Taiwan. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107102. [PMID: 38104884 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) lure mosquitoes to feed on the baits and subsequently killed them. We investigated the effects of a boric acid-containing ATSB on the population of Aedes albopictus at 48 h exposure and assessed the field effectiveness on this ATSB on two types of community farms in New Taipei City, Taiwan, including isolated ATSB farms and nonisolated ATSB farms. The result showed that mosquitoes exposed to the ATSB solution for 48 h were killed within 7 d under laboratory conditions. Exposure of female and male mosquitoes to ATSB resulted in mean survival times ranging from 52 to 62 h and 30 to 48 h, respectively. For field efficacy test, on isolated ATSB farms, a significant reduction of ovitrap density index (ODI) up to 24 % was noted after the replacement frequency was increased to every 2 weeks. However, the intervention efficacy on nonisolated ATSB farms had mixed results. The ODI significantly reduced by 21.4 % and 6.9 % on the nonisolated ATSB Chongmin and Nanjing farms, respectively, when bait replacement was done every 2 weeks instead of every 3 weeks. By contrast, the ODI on the nonisolated ATSB Yongchang farms increased significantly, irrespectively of the bait replacement frequency. Nevertheless, the total number of eggs trapped on all ATSB farms exhibited a concave curve pattern; while the mosquito population on non-ATSB control farms continued to increase over time. In conclusion, deploying simple ATSB stations containing boric acid is a practical approach for integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chieh Chiu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Boon Neoh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shaw-Yhi Hwang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Farhan M, Zhao C, Akhtar S, Ahmad I, Jilong P, Zhang S. Assessment of Nano-Formulated Conventional Insecticide-Treated Sugar Baits on Mosquito Control and the Effect on Non-Target Aphidophagous Coccinella septempunctata. INSECTS 2024; 15:70. [PMID: 38249076 PMCID: PMC10816155 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, as disease vectors causing global morbidity and mortality through diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika, necessitate mosquito population control methods. This study investigated the efficacy of nano-formulated insecticide-based sugar baits in controlling Anopheles gambiae populations and assessed their potential non-target impact on Coccinella septempunctata. This laboratory-based study employed thiolated polymer-coated attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) nano-formulations, delivering pesticides via nano-carriers. Adult and larvae populations of insects were collected from rice and cotton fields subjected to bioassays with 0.5% and 1% concentrations of each nano-formulated and conventional insecticide within ATSB solution, alongside a control 100% attractive sugar bait (ASB). Mosquitoes interacted overnight with insecticide-treated baits, and mortality was assessed. Further observations up to 72 h were conducted for potential delayed toxic effects. Results highlighted nano-ATSB carbosulfan's effectiveness, particularly among organophosphates and pyrethroids. Among pyrethroids, nano-ATSB cypermethrin exhibited high efficacy, while Deltamethrin displayed lower mortality. Among organophosphates, nano-ATSB chlorpyrifos induced substantial mortality. The nano-formulations of insecticide were harmless against C. septempunctata compared to their conventional form. Nano-formulations demonstrated enhanced mortality rates and prolonged efficacy against mosquitoes, having a benign impact on non-target beetles. We expect these results to aid in developing effective plant protection products suitable for IPM practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Pan Jilong
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (P.J.)
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Girma M, Umeta B, Hasen G, Suleman S. Quality of Antimalarial Drugs in East Africa: A Systematic Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6085-6092. [PMID: 36277242 PMCID: PMC9585264 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s373059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of poor quality drugs will have multiple consequences with an extended hazard of growing drug-resistant strains. Purpose The review aimed to provide the quality status of antimalarial drugs in East Africa. Data Source PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from September 5 to September 12, 2021. Study Selection The review included articles available as original research targeted at evaluating the quality of antimalarial drugs. For inclusion, data on at least one of the following quality control parameters were required: packaging and labeling, hardness, friability, weight variation/uniformity of weight, disintegration, dissolution, and assay/percentage purity. Mendeley citation manager version 1.19.4 was used to avoid duplication and organize references, and titles and abstracts were primarily used for screening. Data Extraction The sample collection site, drug name, and the quality control parameters tested were retrieved from the selected studies. Data synthesis Totally, 300 antimalarial drug samples from Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania were included in this review. No antimalarial drug tested failed the identification and disintegration test. However, 15.93% (36/226), 5.00% (15/300), and 1.90% (3/158) of antimalarial samples failed the dissolution, assay and mass uniformity test, respectively. Moreover, amodiaquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine samples failed dissolution and assay tests. In addition, amodiaquine samples failed the mass uniformity test. However, artemether/lumefantrine and quinine passed all quality control parameters tested. Overall, 19.67% (59/300) of antimalarial drug samples did not meet at least one quality control parameter. And the higher faller rate was reported for sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine accounting for 52.86% (37/70). Conclusions An unneglected amount of antimalarial drug failed to meet at least one quality control parameter. Strengthening pharmaceutical management systems, including post-marketing surveillance, and providing the resources required for medication quality assurance, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million Girma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Belachew Umeta
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Belachew Umeta, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Po. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Gemmechu Hasen
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sultan Suleman
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia,Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Visa Shalini P, Shriram AN, Elango A, Natarajan R, Vijayakumar B, Raju KHK, Dengel L, Gunasekaran K, Kumar A. Mosquito Diversity in an Experimental Township in Tamil Nadu, India. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1615-1624. [PMID: 35703108 PMCID: PMC9473653 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To glean more information on mosquito diversity and distribution in Auroville, a cross-sectional study was carried out by mapping the distribution of water bodies and habitats supporting immature stages on the one hand and the distribution of water bodies/habitats supporting mosquito immature stages on the other. A satellite image covering an area of 8.08 km2 was overlaid with a grid of 500 × 500 m. Fifteen modules were selected and the area of each module served as the sampling site for the entomological survey. Adult and larval stages were sampled. Diversity indices were analyzed to compare mosquito diversity. Rarefaction estimations were used to compare abundance and richness of the mosquito species between different zones. In total, 750 mosquito larvae and 84 resting adults were sampled. Eighteen species of mosquitoes belonging to 11 subgenera and 7 genera were documented. Genera included Aedes (Johann Wilhelm Meigen 1818, Diptera, Culicidae), Anopheles (Johann Wilhelm Meigen 1818, Diptera, Culicidae), Armigeres (Theobald 1901, Diptera, Culicidae), Culex (Carl Linnaeus 1758, Diptera, Culicidae), Lutzia (Theobald 1903, Diptera, Culicidae), and Mimomyia (Theobald 1903, Diptera, Culicidae). Of the 18 mosquito species identified, 8 species are new records for Auroville. The Alpha (α) biodiversity indices show that the mosquito fauna is diverse (S = 18; DMg = 2.732 [95% CI: 2.732-2.732]). The Shannon-Weiner (H' = 2.199 [95% CI: 2.133-2.276]) and Simpson indices (λ = 0.8619 [95% CI: 0.8496-0.8723]) measured species richness, evenness, and dominance. The values of these indices suggest high species richness, evenness, and dominance. Prevailing conditions can provide suitable environment for establishment of different mosquito species in this ecosystem. Given the sociodemographic characteristics of this area, research on mosquito diversity and risk of vector-borne diseases will be of great use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Visa Shalini
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | | | - A Elango
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - R Natarajan
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - B Vijayakumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - K H K Raju
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Lucas Dengel
- EcoPro, Aurosarjan Complex, Auroshilpam, Auroville, Tamil Nadu 605 101, India
| | - K Gunasekaran
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Valbon W, Andreazza F, Oliveira EE, Liu F, Feng B, Hall M, Klimavicz J, Coats JR, Dong K. Bioallethrin activates specific olfactory sensory neurons and elicits spatial repellency in Aedes aegypti. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:438-445. [PMID: 34661374 PMCID: PMC8748403 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of pyrethroid insecticides is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Commonly known for their insecticidal activity by acting on voltage-gated sodium channels, pyrethroids, such as bioallethrin and transfluthrin, are used in mosquito coils, emanators and other vaporizers to repel mosquitoes and other biting arthropods. However, whether specific olfactory receptor neurons are activated by pyrethroids to trigger spatial repellency remains unknown. RESULTS We used behavioral and electrophysiological approaches to elucidate the mechanism of bioallethrin repellency in Aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. We found that bioallethrin elicits spatial (i.e. non-contact) repellency and activates a specific type of olfactory receptor neuron in mosquito antennae. Furthermore, bioallethrin repellency is significantly reduced in a mosquito mutant of Orco, an obligate olfactory co-receptor that is essential for the function of odorant receptors (Ors). These results indicate that activation of specific Or(s) by bioallethrin contributes to bioallethrin repellency. In addition, bioallethrin repellency was reduced in a pyrethroid-resistant strain that carries two mutations in the sodium channel gene that are responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids, indicating a role of activation of sodium channels in bioallethrin repellency. CONCLUSION Results from this study show that bioallethrin repellency is likely to be the result of co-activation of Or(s) and sodium channels. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of volatile pyrethroids in spatial repellency, but also provide a framework for developing new repellents based on the dual-target mechanism revealed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Valbon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felipe Andreazza
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eugenio E. Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute of Health and Environment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maura Hall
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James Klimavicz
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joel R. Coats
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author: (KD)
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Abbasi E, Vahedi M, Bagheri M, Gholizadeh S, Alipour H, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Monitoring of synthetic insecticides resistance and mechanisms among malaria vector mosquitoes in Iran: A systematic review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08830. [PMID: 35128113 PMCID: PMC8808063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Iran, the prospect of malaria control relies mainly on insecticides used against the genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) as important vectors of malaria, arboviruses, and so on. Only eight out of 30 malaria mosquito vectors (Anopheles species) have been examined for insecticide resistance in Iran. This study aimed to review articles related to the incremental trend in insecticide resistance and their mechanisms among anopheline malaria vectors in Iran. METHODS A literature review was conducted based on such search engines as Iran doc, Web of Science, SID, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites using the following keywords: "Anopheles," "Malaria," "Resistance," "Vectors," "Insecticide Resistance," and "Iran" for data collection. Published papers in English or Persian covering 1980 to 2020 were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 1125 articles were screened, only 16 of which were filtered to be pertinent in this review. While most of the mosquito vectors of malaria, such as Anopheles stephensi, were resistant to DDT, dieldrin, malathion, and becoming less susceptible to deltamethrin and other synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, few like Anopheles fluviatilis s. l. were susceptible to all insecticides. A disseminating trend in insecticide resistance among different anopheline mosquito vector species was evident. Metabolic and insecticide target-site resistance mechanisms were involved with organochlorines and pyrethroids, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Insecticide resistance is becoming a severe scourge to the effectiveness of vector-borne disease management measures. This event is especially critical in developing and marginalized communities that applied chemical-based vector elimination programs for malaria; therefore, it is crucial to monitor insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Iran using biochemical and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozaffar Vahedi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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St. Leger RJ. From the Lab to the Last Mile: Deploying Transgenic Approaches Against Mosquitoes. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.804066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingenious exploitation of transgenic approaches to produce malaria resistant or sterile mosquitoes, or hypervirulent mosquito pathogens, has produced many potential solutions to vector borne diseases. However, in spite of technological feasibility, it has not been determined how well these new methods will work, and how they should be tested and regulated. Some self-limiting transgenic fungal pathogens and mosquitoes are almost field ready, and may be easier to regulate than self-sustaining strategies. However, they require repeat sales and so must show business viability; low-cost mass production is just one of a number of technical constraints that are sometimes treated as an afterthought in technology deployment. No transgenic self-sustaining approach to anopheline control has ever been deployed because of unresolved ethical, social and regulatory issues. These overlapping issues include: 1) the transparency challenge, which requires public discourse, particularly in Africa where releases are proposed, to determine what society is willing to risk given the potential benefits; 2) the transboundary challenge, self-sustaining mosquitoes or pathogens are potentially capable of crossing national boundaries and irreversibly altering ecosystems, and 3) the risk assessment challenge. The polarized debate as to whether these technologies will ever be used to save lives is ongoing; they will founder without a political answer as to how do we interpret the precautionary principle, as exemplified in the Cartagena protocol, in the global context of technological changes.
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Antimalarial Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Chloroform Fraction of Brucea antidysenterica Leaves in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2089114. [PMID: 34691207 PMCID: PMC8528577 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2089114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Different parts of Brucea antidysenterica are used in traditional and alternative medicine in Ethiopia for the treatment of different health problems including malaria and have good in vitro antimalarial activity. However, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate the claim. Our study planned to determine the antimalarial effect of B. antidysenterica extract. Methods Swiss albino mice (6–8 weeks old, 20–28 g) were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei. Different doses of both hydromethanolic extract and chloroform fraction were orally given at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. Results The parasitemia suppression percent of hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction in chemosuppressive tests ranged between 33.48 and 75.93% and 38.32 and 76.64%, respectively. The hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction exhibited the curative effect of 46.75–70.91% and 50.30–80.06% parasitemia suppression, respectively (p < 0.001), compared with negative control. Conclusion From our study, it is concluded that the hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of B. antidysenterica leaves showed promising antiplasmodial effects against Plasmodium berghei. This upholds the folkloric use of B. antidysenterica leaves and the thought of as a possible source to develop new antimalarial agents.
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Ni R, Liu N, Li M, Qian W, Qiu X. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of voltage-gated sodium channel haplotypes in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis using a high-throughput amplicon sequencing approach. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:499. [PMID: 34565467 PMCID: PMC8474825 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles sinensis is a dominant vector for malaria transmission in Asian countries. Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutation-mediated knock-down resistance (kdr) has developed in many A. sinensis populations because of intensive and long-term use of pyrethroids. Our previous study showed that multiple mutations at position 1014 of the VGSC were heterogeneously distributed in A. sinensis populations across Sichuan, China. Methods To understand resistance genotypes at the haplotype level and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship of VGSC haplotypes, a cost-effective next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based amplicon sequencing approach was established to clarify haplotypes containing codon 1014 of the VGSC gene from a total of 446 adults collected in 12 locations of Sichuan, China. Results Nineteen (19) haplotypes were identified, including 11 wild 1014L, 6 resistance 1014F, and 2 resistance 1014C haplotypes. We found that resistance haplotypes of A. sinensis VGSC were widely distributed at frequencies ranging from 3.67 to 92.61%. The frequencies of the 1014C haplotype in the southeast of Sichuan (Luzhou, Guangan, and Suining) were relatively higher than those in other sampling locations. Phylogenetic analyses support that kdr-type mutation at position 1014 is not singly originated and resistance 1014C haplotypes evolve from TTT-encoding 1014F. Conclusions A cost-effective next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based amplicon sequencing approach has been established in this study. The data revealed the patchy distribution of VGSC resistance haplotypes with overall high frequencies in Sichuan, China. Phylogenetic analyses support multiple origins and sequential evolution (1014L → 1014F → 1014C) for kdr-type mutations in A. sinensis. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Moreno-Gómez M, Bueno-Marí R, Miranda MA. A Three-Pronged Approach to Studying Sublethal Insecticide Doses: Characterising Mosquito Fitness, Mosquito Biting Behaviour, and Human/Environmental Health Risks. INSECTS 2021; 12:546. [PMID: 34208127 PMCID: PMC8230870 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, pyrethroids are one of the most widely used insecticide classes. In addition to serving as personal protection products, they are also a key line of defence in integrated vector management programmes. Many studies have assessed the effects of sublethal pyrethroid doses on mosquito fitness and behaviour. However, much remains unknown about the biological, physiological, demographic, and behavioural effects on individual mosquitoes or mosquito populations when exposure occurs via spatial treatments. Here, females and males of two laboratory-reared mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, were exposed to five different treatments: three doses of the pyrethroid prallethrin, as well as an untreated and a negative control. The effects of each treatment on mosquito species, sex, adult mortality, fertility, F1 population size, and biting behaviour were also evaluated. To compare knockdown and mortality among treatments, Mantel-Cox log-rank tests were used. The results showed that sublethal doses reduced mosquito survival, influencing population size in the next generation. They also provided 100% protection to human hosts and presented relatively low risks to human and environmental health. These findings emphasise the need for additional studies that assess the benefits of using sublethal doses as part of mosquito management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Moreno-Gómez
- Henkel Ibérica S.A, Research and Development (R&D) Insect Control Department, Carrer Llacuna 22, 1-1, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Laboratorios Lokímica, Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Ronda Auguste y Louis Lumière 23, Nave 10, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Miguel. A. Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
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Singh H, Sehrawat N. Molecular characterization and in-silico analysis of AsSGU (Secreted Glycocojugate of Unknown function) in malaria vector Anopheles stephensi for transmission blocking. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Canavati SE, Kelly GC, Vo TH, Tran LK, Ngo TD, Tran DT, Edgel KA, Martin NJ. Mosquito Net Ownership, Utilization, and Preferences among Mobile and Migrant Populations Sleeping in Forests and Farms in Central Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1917-1924. [PMID: 33819169 PMCID: PMC8103484 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Strengthening vector control measures among mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) is crucial to malaria elimination, particularly in areas with multidrug-resistant malaria. Although a global priority, providing access and ensuring high coverage of available tools such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) among these vulnerable groups remains a significant challenge. We assessed mosquito net ownership, utilization, and preference among individuals who slept in a forest and/or on a farm against those residing only in village "home" settings in a priority malaria elimination area of Vietnam. Proportions of respondents owning bed nets were similar among forest, farm, and home sleeping sites, ranging between 96% and 98%. The proportion of respondents owning hammock nets was higher for the forest group (92%), whereas ownership of hammocks in general was significantly lower for the home group (55%). Most respondents (97%) preferred to bring hammock nets to their remote sleeping site, whereas a smaller proportion (25%) also considered bed nets as an option. Respondent preferences included thick hammock nets with zippers (53%), hammocks with a flip cover (17%), and thin hammock nets with zippers (15%), with none choosing polyethylene (hard) LLINs. Although there is high coverage and access to nets for this high-priority MMP group, there was a noted gap between coverage and net use, potentially undermining the effectiveness of net-related interventions that could impact malaria prevention and elimination efforts in Vietnam. The design and material of nets are important factors for user preferences that appear to drive net use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard C. Kelly
- Vysnova Partners, Inc., Landover, Maryland;,Address correspondence to Gerard C. Kelly, Vysnova Partners, Inc., 8400 Corporate Dr., Suite 130, Landover, MD 20875. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Thang Duc Ngo
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thanh Tran
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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A survey of insecticide resistance-conferring mutations in multiple targets in Anopheles sinensis populations across Sichuan, China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:169. [PMID: 33743789 PMCID: PMC7981990 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sichuan province is located in the southwest of China, and was previously a malaria-endemic region. Although no indigenous malaria case has been reported since 2011, the number of imported cases is on the rise. Insecticide-based vector control has played a central role in the prevention of malaria epidemics. However, the efficacy of this strategy is gravely challenged by the development of insecticide resistance. Regular monitoring of insecticide resistance is essential to inform evidence-based vector control. Unfortunately, almost no information is currently available on the status of insecticide resistance and associated mechanisms in Anopheles sinensis, the dominant malaria vector in Sichuan. In this study, efforts were invested in detecting the presence and frequency of insecticide resistance-associated mutations in three genes that encode target proteins of several classes of commonly used insecticides. Methods A total of 446 adults of An. sinensis, collected from 12 locations across Sichuan province of China, were inspected for resistance-conferring mutations in three genes that respectively encode acetylcholinesterase (AChE), voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), and GABA receptor (RDL) by DNA Sanger sequencing. Results The G119S mutation in AChE was detected at high frequencies (0.40–0.73). The predominant ace-1 genotype was GGC/AGC (119GS) heterozygotes. Diverse variations at codon 1014 were found in VGSC, leading to three different amino acid substitutions (L1014F/C/S). The 1014F was the predominant resistance allele and was distributed in all 12 populations at varying frequencies from 0.03 to 0.86. The A296S mutation in RDL was frequently present in Sichuan, with 296SS accounting for more than 80% of individuals in six of the 12 populations. Notably, in samples collected from Chengdu (DJY) and Deyang (DYMZ), almost 30% of individuals were found to be resistant homozygotes for all three targets. Conclusions Resistance-related mutations in three target proteins of the four main classes of insecticides were prevalent in most populations. This survey reveals a worrisome situation of multiple resistance genotypes in Sichuan malaria vector. The data strengthen the need for regular monitoring of insecticide resistance and establishing a region-customized vector intervention strategy.
Graphical abstract ![]()
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Susanna D, Pratiwi D. Current status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the Asian countries: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:200. [PMID: 35136568 PMCID: PMC8802149 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.46883.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of insecticides for malaria vector control has led to a global problem, which is the current trend of increased resistance against these chemicals. This study aimed to review the insecticide resistance status was previously determined in Asia and how to implement the necessary interventions. Moreover, the implications of resistance in malaria vector control in this region were studied. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol based on PRISMA-retrieved articles from four science databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, EBSCO, and PubMed in the last ten years (2009 to 2019). The searching process utilized four main combinations of the following keywords: malaria, vector control, insecticide, and Asia. In ProQuest, malaria control, as well as an insecticide, were used as keywords. The following criteria were included in the filter, namely full text, the source of each article, scholarly journal, Asia, and publication date as in the last ten years. Results: There were 1408 articles retrieved during the initial search (ProQuest=722, Science Direct=267, EBSCO=50, PubMed=285, and Scopus=84). During the screening, 27 articles were excluded because of duplication, 1361 based on title and abstract incompatibility with the inclusion criteria, and 20 due to content differences. In the final screening process, 15 articles were chosen to be analyzed. From the 15 articles, it is known that there was organochlorine (DDT), organophosphate (malathion), and pyrethroids resistance in several Anopheles species with a less than 80% mortality rate. Conclusion: This review found multiple resistance in several Anopheles includes resistance to pyrethroid. The reports of pyrethroid resistance were quite challenging because it is considered effective in the malaria vector control. Several countries in Asia are implementing an insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy against malaria vectors following the Global Plan for IRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Susanna
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dian Pratiwi
- Alumni of Master Program of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia
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Susanna D, Pratiwi D. Current status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the Asian countries: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:200. [PMID: 35136568 PMCID: PMC8802149 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.46883.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of insecticides for malaria vector control has remained a global problem, due to the current trend of increased resistance against these chemicals. This study aims to determine the insecticide-resistant status in Asia and how to implement the necessary interventions. Moreover, the implications of resistance in malaria vector control in this region were studied. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol based on PRISMA-retrieved articles from four science databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, EBSCO, and PubMed in the last ten years (2009 to 2019). The searching process utilized four main combinations of the following keywords: malaria, vector control, insecticide, and Asia. In ProQuest, malaria control, as well as an insecticide, were used as keywords. The following criteria were included in the filter, namely full text, the source of each article, scholarly journal, Asia, and publication date as in the last ten years. Results: There were 1408 articles retrieved during the initial search (ProQuest=722, Science Direct=267, EBSCO=50, PubMed=285, and Scopus=84). During the screening, 27 articles were excluded because of duplication, 1361 based on title and abstract incompatibility with the inclusion criteria, and 20 due to content differences. In the final screening process, 15 articles were chosen to be analyzed. From the 15 articles, it is known that there was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids resistance in several anopheles species with a mortality rate of less than 80%. Conclusions: The report on the pyrethroid resistance was complicated, since this insecticide was considered effective in malaria vector control. Therefore, several strategies were required, including the management plans in selecting insecticides, using a rotation system during interventions in the field, regular monitoring, and integrating vector control based on physics, chemistry, and biology. All of these need to be supported by cross-sector policies and cooperation in achieving the 2030 malaria-free target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Susanna
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dian Pratiwi
- Alumni of Master Program of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia
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Monnier N, Barth-Jaeggi T, Knopp S, Steinmann P. Core components, concepts and strategies for parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination with a focus on schistosomiasis: A landscape analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008837. [PMID: 33125375 PMCID: PMC7598467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to control and eliminate human schistosomiasis have accelerated over the past decade. In a number of endemic countries and settings, interruption of schistosome transmission has been achieved. In others, Schistosoma infections continue to challenge program managers at different levels, from the complexity of the transmission cycle, over limited treatment options and lack of field-friendly accurate diagnostics, to controversy around adequate intervention strategies. We conducted a landscape analysis on parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination approaches with the aim to identify evidence-based strategies, core components and key concepts for achieving and sustaining schistosomiasis control and for progressing elimination efforts towards interruption of transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 118 relevant publications were identified from Web of Science, Pubmed and the grey literature and reviewed for their content. In addition, we conducted in-depth interviews with 23 epidemiologists, program managers, policymakers, donors and field researchers. Available evidence emphasizes the need for comprehensive, multipronged and long-term strategies consisting of multiple complementary interventions that must be sustained over time by political commitment and adequate funding in order to reach interruption of transmission. Based on the findings of this landscape analysis, we propose a comprehensive set of intervention strategies for schistosomiasis control and elimination. Before deployment, the proposed interventions will require review, evaluation and validation in the frame of an expert consultation as a step towards adaptation to specific contexts, conditions and settings. Field testing to ensure local relevance and effectiveness is paramount given the diversity of socio-ecological and epidemiological contexts. This landscape analysis explored successful concepts, approaches and interventions of past and ongoing parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination efforts and programs with regard to relevance for progress in the elimination of human schistosome infections. Schistosomiasis is a disabling, water borne parasitic disease of public health concern with an estimated 250 million people infected worldwide. The long-term morbidity of this neglected tropical disease significantly impacts growth, cognition and socioeconomic development at all ages. Despite increased global efforts to control morbidity and advance elimination, challenges in view of the complex life cycle which involves freshwater sources, intermediate snail hosts and humans, remain. This calls for targeted interventions and concerted programs. According to the evidence from the literature and as proposed by a wide range of key informants, comprehensive, multipronged and long-term strategies supported by strong political commitment and adequate funding are required in order to achieve and sustain the set goals. Based on the findings, we propose here a comprehensive set of intervention strategies for schistosomiasis control and elimination for review and evaluation to inform implementation research needs and elimination program design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Monnier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tanja Barth-Jaeggi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Knopp
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Riaz MA, Adang MJ, Hua G, Rezende TMT, Rezende AM, Shen GM. Identification of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Binary toxin binding proteins in a malarial mosquito cell line by proteomics: A novel approach towards improving mosquito control. J Proteomics 2020; 227:103918. [PMID: 32712372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial insecticidal proteins, such as the Bin toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus, could be used more extensively to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. This study was aimed at identification of mosquito cell proteins binding Bin toxin. Results showed that purified toxin was toxic to Anopheles gambiae larvae and Ag55 cultured cells. Clathrin heavy chain (an endocytosis protein) and glycolytic enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, enolase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase were identified as binders of Bin toxin. The viability of Ag55 cells in the presence of endocytosis inhibitor, pitstop2, was significantly decreased upon Bin treatment, while the inhibitor chlorpromazine did not affect Bin toxicity. Bin toxin treatment decreased ATP production and mitochondrial respiration in Ag55 cells, whereas non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption significantly increased after Bin toxin treatment. These findings are steps towards understanding how Bin toxin kills mosquitoes. SIGNIFICANCE: Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens causing human diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus and malaria. An insecticidal toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus called Binary, or Bin, toxin could be used more extensively to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. Bin toxin enter cells in susceptible mosquitoes and induces apoptosis or autophagy. In the current research, we used the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae Ag55 cell line as a model. A proteomic-based approach identified proteins that interact with Bin toxin. Interacting proteins include clathrin heavy chain (endocytosis protein) and glycolysis enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, enolase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. In Ag55 cell toxicity assays, an endocytosis inhibitor, pitstop2, increased Bin toxicity. Real time assays with a Seahorse™ flux analyzer showed that Bin significantly affects mitochondrial respiration, a result consistent with cell death via apoptosis or autophagy. These research findings add insights into how an unusual binary protein exploits cellular machinery to kill mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asam Riaz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Michael J Adang
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States.
| | - Gang Hua
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Tatiana Maria Teodoro Rezende
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes-FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Antonio Mauro Rezende
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes-FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Guang-Mao Shen
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Davidson JR, Wahid I, Sudirman R, Small ST, Hendershot AL, Baskin RN, Burton TA, Makuru V, Xiao H, Yu X, Troth EV, Olivieri D, Lizarraga S, Hasan H, Arfah A, Yusuf M, Nur N, Syafruddin D, Asih P, Lobo NF. Molecular analysis reveals a high diversity of Anopheles species in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:379. [PMID: 32727610 PMCID: PMC7392657 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding local Anopheles species compositions and bionomic traits are vital for an effective malaria vector intervention strategy. Though eight malaria vectors, including species complexes, have been documented across the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, a comprehensive survey linking morphological and molecular species identification has not been conducted in this global hotspot of biodiversity. Results Eighteen distinct species of Anopheles were molecularly identified in a 1 km2 area in Karama village, West Mamuju Province, Sulawesi. Known species included An. aconitus, An. karwari, An. peditaeniatus, An. vagus, An. barbirostris, An. tessellatus, An. nigerrimus, An. crawfordi, An. maculatus, An. flavirostris and An. kochi. Of the 18 distinct sequence groups identified through both ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 2, and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 loci, 8 could not be identified to species through comparison to published sequences. The comparison of morphological and molecular identities determined that interpretations of local species compositions for primary and expected species in Karama (An. barbirostris and An. vagus) had the highest rate of accuracy (92.1% and 87.6%, respectively) when compared to molecular analysis. However, the remaining distinct sequences molecularly identified to species were identified correctly by morphological methods less frequently, from 0 to 83%. Conclusions Karama, Indonesia has a high diversity of Anopheles spp. The unexpected high number of Anopheles species in a small area points to possible complex transmission dynamics and limitations with vector control based on possible varying behaviors and interactions with both humans and interventions. Morphological identification of Anopheles spp. in this study was more accurate for primary and expected species than secondary or unexpected species. Finally, the inability to identify seven sequence groups to species with consensus sequences implies that future studies employing sequencing are required to clarify species compositions in the Nigerrimus Subgroup, among others, as well as their distribution and vector status. Use of molecular methods in conjunction with morphological investigations for analysis of species composition, population dynamics and bionomic characteristics is directly implicated in understanding drivers of malaria transmission, intervention effectiveness, and the pursuit of malaria elimination. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Davidson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Isra Wahid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Rusdiyah Sudirman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Scott T Small
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Allison L Hendershot
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Robert N Baskin
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Timothy A Burton
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Victoria Makuru
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Honglin Xiao
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Emma V Troth
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Daniel Olivieri
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Stephanny Lizarraga
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Hajar Hasan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Arfah
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nirwana Nur
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puji Asih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Enayati A, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Sedaghat MM, Zaim M, Hemingway J. Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Malar J 2020; 19:258. [PMID: 32680514 PMCID: PMC7367398 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Iran is on the path to eliminating malaria, the disease with 4.9 million estimated cases and 9300 estimated deaths in 2018 remains a serious health problem in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region. Anopheles stephensi is the main malaria vector in Iran and its range extends from Iraq to western China. Recently, the vector invaded new territories in Sri Lanka and countries in the Horn of Africa. Insecticide resistance in An. stephensi is a potential issue in controlling the spread of this vector. METHODS Data were collated from national and international databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID, and IranMedex using appropriate search terms. RESULTS Indoor residual spaying (IRS) with DDT was piloted in Iran in 1945 and subsequently used in the malaria eradication programme. Resistance to DDT in An. stephensi was detected in Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia in the late 1960s. Malathion was used for malaria control in Iran in 1967, then propoxur in 1978, followed by pirimiphos-methyl from 1992 to 1994. The pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was used from 1994 to 2003 followed by deltamethrin IRS and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Some of these insecticides with the same sequence were used in other malaria-endemic countries of the region. Pyrethroid resistance was detected in An. stephensi in Afghanistan in 2010, in 2011 in India and in 2012 in Iran. The newly invaded population of An. stephensi in Ethiopia was resistant to insecticides of all four major insecticide classes. Different mechanisms of insecticide resistance, including metabolic and insecticide target site insensitivity, have been developed in An. stephensi. Resistance to DDT was initially glutathione S-transferase based. Target site knockdown resistance was later selected by pyrethroids. Esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase are the underlying cause of organophosphate resistance and cytochrome p450s were involved in pyrethroid metabolic resistance. CONCLUSIONS Anopheles stephensi is a major malaria vector in Iran and many countries in the region and beyond. The species is leading in terms of development of insecticide resistance as well as developing a variety of resistance mechanisms. Knowledge of the evolution of insecticide resistance and their underlying mechanisms, in particular, are important to Iran, considering the final steps the country is taking towards malaria elimination, but also to other countries in the region for their battle against malaria. This systematic review may also be of value to countries and territories newly invaded by this species, especially in the Horn of Africa, where the malaria situation is already dire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadali Enayati
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zaim
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Crystal structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme from Anopheles gambiae in its native form and with a bound inhibitor. Biochem J 2020; 476:3505-3520. [PMID: 31682720 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mosquitoes of the Anopheles and Aedes genus are some of the most deadly insects to humans because of their effectiveness as vectors of malaria and a range of arboviruses, including yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, West Nile and Zika. The use of insecticides from different chemical classes is a key component of the integrated strategy against An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, but the problem of insecticide resistance means that new compounds with different modes of action are urgently needed to replace chemicals that fail to control resistant mosquito populations. We have previously shown that feeding inhibitors of peptidyl dipeptidase A to both An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae lead to stunted growth and mortality. However, these compounds were designed to inhibit the mammalian form of the enzyme (angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE) and hence can have lower potency and lack selectivity as inhibitors of the insect peptidase. Thus, for the development of inhibitors of practical value in killing mosquito larvae, it is important to design new compounds that are both potent and highly selective. Here, we report the first structures of AnoACE2 from An. gambiae in its native form and with a bound human ACE inhibitor fosinoprilat. A comparison of these structures with human ACE (sACE) and an insect ACE homologue from Drosophila melanogaster (AnCE) revealed that the AnoACE2 structure is more similar to AnCE. In addition, important elements that differ in these structures provide information that could potentially be utilised in the design of chemical leads for selective mosquitocide development.
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Rudasingwa G, Cho SI. Determinants of the persistence of malaria in Rwanda. Malar J 2020; 19:36. [PMID: 31964371 PMCID: PMC6975052 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria has a considerable impact on the health of the populations of developing countries; indeed, the entire population of Rwanda is at risk of contracting the disease. Although various interventions to control malaria have been implemented in Rwanda, the incidence of malaria has increased since 2012. There is an interest in understanding factors driving its persistence in Rwanda. This study aims at evaluating the effect of socio-economic and environmental factors, seasonality and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) on malaria persistence in Rwanda. Methods This study analysed data from the 2014–2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey of 11,202 household’s members composed of children under the age of 5 and women aged between 15 and 49. Bivariate analysis was performed between the outcome and each covariate including wealth, altitude, education level, place of residence, and use of ITNs generating percentages. Chi square test was performed to compare malaria negatives and positives on each covariate. Significant variables were subjected to logistic regression analysis to evaluate factors that are significantly associated with malaria at P < 0.05. The analysis was performed in R x64 3.6 and QGIS3.6 was used to map geographical distribution of malaria cases. Results The lowest wealth category was associated with the incidence of malaria [AOR] = 1.54, 95% CI (1.78–2.03). Having a place of residence < 1700 m above sea level (asl) and non-use of ITNs were significantly associated with the incidence of malaria (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.93, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.94–4.42 and [AOR] = 1.29, 95% C.I (1.03–1.60), respectively). Season and type of residence were not significantly associated with malaria prevalence while women had lower risk of contracting malaria than children. Conclusion Increased malaria prevalence was associated with lower income, non-compliance with bed-net usage and living below 1700 m of altitude. In addition to current malaria control strategies, potential interventions in individuals with lower income and areas at low altitudes should be taken into consideration when formulating malaria-control strategies, Also use of ITNs to control the spread of malaria should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rudasingwa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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Mayi MPA, Foncha DF, Kowo C, Tchuinkam T, Brisco K, Anong DN, Ravinder S, Cornel AJ. Impact of deforestation on the abundance, diversity, and richness of Culex mosquitoes in a southwest Cameroon tropical rainforest. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2019; 44:271-281. [PMID: 31729796 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity but little data exist on how deforestation in real-time affects the overall mosquito species community despite its known role in the transmission of diseases. We compared the abundance and diversity of Culex mosquitoes before and after deforestation along a gradient of three different anthropogenic disturbance levels in a tropical rainforest in southwestern Cameroon. The collections were conducted in unlogged forest (January, 2016), selectively logged forest (January, 2017), and within a young palm plantation (October, 2017) using net traps, sweep nets, resting traps, and dipping for immature stages in water bodies. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified to subspecies, groups, and species. A total of 2,556 mosquitoes was collected of which 1,663 (65.06%) belong to the genus Culex, (n=427 (25.68%) in the unlogged forest; n=900 (54.12%) in the selectively logged forest; and n=336 (20.2%) in the young palm plantation) with a significant difference among the habitats. Diversity and richness of mosquitoes varied significantly among habitats with the highest values found in the selectively logged forest (H=2.4; DS=0.87; S=33) and the lowest value in the unlogged forest (H=1.37; DS=0.68; S=13). The results of this study showed that deforestation affects the abundance and diversity of Culex mosquitoes and favors the invasion of anthropophilic mosquitoes. Higher mosquito abundance and diversity in the selectively logged forest than in the pristine forest is notable and some explanations for these differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Department of Animal Biology, Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyril Kowo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Timoleon Tchuinkam
- Department of Animal Biology, Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Katherine Brisco
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California, Parlier, CA 93648, U.S.A
| | - Damian Nota Anong
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sehgal Ravinder
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, U.S.A
| | - Anthony John Cornel
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California, Parlier, CA 93648, U.S.A
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Philbert A, Lyantagaye SL, Nkwengulila G. Farmers' pesticide usage practices in the malaria endemic region of North-Western Tanzania: implications to the control of malaria vectors. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1456. [PMID: 31694595 PMCID: PMC6833290 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides remain the mainstay for the control of agricultural pests and disease vectors. However, their indiscriminate use in agriculture has led to development of resistance to both crop pests and disease vectors. This threatens to undermine the success gained through the implementation of chemical based vector control programs. We investigated the practices of farmers with regard to pesticide usage in the vegetable growing areas and their impact on susceptibility status of An. gambiae s.l. Methods A stratified multistage sampling technique using the administrative structure of the Tanzanian districts as sampling frame was used. Wards, villages and then participants with farms where pesticides are applied were purposively recruited at different stages of the process, 100 participants were enrolled in the study. The same villages were used for mosquito larvae sampling from the farms and the surveys were complimented by the entomological study. Larvae were reared in the insectary and the emerging 2–3 days old female adults of Anopheles gambiae s.l were subjected to susceptibility test. Results Forty eight pesticides of different formulations were used for control of crop and Livestock pests. Pyrethroids were the mostly used class of pesticides (50%) while organophosphates and carbamates were of secondary importance. Over 80% of all farmers applied pesticides in mixed form. Susceptibility test results confirmed high phenotypic resistance among An. gambiae populations against DDT and the pyrethroids (Permethrin-0.75%, Cyfluthrin-0.15%, Deltametrin-0.05% and Lambdacyhalothrin-0.05%) with mortality rates 54, 61, 76 and 71%, respectively. Molecular analysis showed An. arabiensis as a dominant species (86%) while An. gambiae s.s constituted only 6%. The kdr genes were not detected in all of the specimens that survived insecticide exposures. Conclusion The study found out that there is a common use of pyrethroids in farms, Livestocks as well as in public health. The study also reports high phenotypic resistance among An. gambiae s.l against most of the pyrethroids tested. The preponderance of pyrethroids in agriculture is of public health concern because this is the class of insecticides widely used in vector control programs and this calls for combined integrated pest and vector management (IPVM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Philbert
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | | | - Gamba Nkwengulila
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Lovett B, Bilgo E, Diabate A, St Leger R. A review of progress toward field application of transgenic mosquitocidal entomopathogenic fungi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2316-2324. [PMID: 30801913 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Africa, adult mosquito populations are primarily controlled with insecticide-impregnated bed nets and residual insecticide sprays. This coupled with widespread applications of pesticides in agriculture has led to increasing insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. We have developed multiple alternative strategies for exploiting transgenic Metarhizium spp. directed at: (i) shortening the lifespan of adult mosquitoes; (ii) reducing transmission potential of Plasmodium spp.; (iii) reducing vector competence via pre-lethal effects. The present challenge is to convert this promising strategy into a validated public health intervention by resolving outstanding issues related to the release of genetically modified organisms. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lovett
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Etienne Bilgo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Raymond St Leger
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Evergetis E, Bellini R, Balatsos G, Michaelakis A, Carrieri M, Veronesi R, Papachristos DP, Puggioli A, Kapsaski-Kanelli VN, Haroutounian SA. From Bio-Prospecting to Field Assessment: The Case of Carvacrol Rich Essential Oil as a Potent Mosquito Larvicidal and Repellent Agent. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bio-efficacy of LifeNet, a deltamethrin incorporated long-lasting insecticidal net, as assessed in experimental huts against Anopheles fluviatilis, a major malaria vector in east-central India. Acta Trop 2018; 187:151-157. [PMID: 30092223 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
LifeNet, a deltamethrin incorporated long-lasting insecticidal (polypropylene) net (LLIN), was qualified by the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for Phase-II trial in India. The purpose of this trial was to assess the bio-efficacy of unwashed and 20 and 30 times washed LifeNet in comparison to the nets conventionally treated with deltamethrin against the natural population of Anopheles fluviatilis, a major malaria vector, in terms of deterring hut entry, inhibiting blood feeding, inducing exophily and causing mortality. The trial was carried out in six experimental huts constructed at Kandhaguda village in Malkangiri district, Odisha State. The efficacy of unwashed and washed (20 or 30 times) LifeNet was compared with untreated polypropylene and conventionally treated (with deltamethrin) polyester net washed to just before exhaustion or washed 20 times. The study showed a significant reduction of entry (treatment: 1.61-4.78; control: 7.61 per hut) and an increase in exit (50.7-64.4% and 39.1%) of An. fluviatilis in the treated arms compared to the control arm (untreated net) (P < 0.05). Blood feeding rates reduced in treated arms (20.7-68.0%) compared to the control (80.3%) (P < 0.05). Total mortality was significantly higher in LifeNet arms (73.8-98.3%) than the control (2.2%) (P < 0.05). After 30 washes, the active ingredient (AI) retention in LifeNet was 62%. Performance of the three LifeNet arms against the susceptible population of An. fluviatilis met the WHO efficacy criteria of Phase II evaluation for LLINs.
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Davidson JR, Sukowati S, Shinta, Asih PBS, Syafruddin D, Baskin RN, St Laurent B, Hawley WA, Liu F, Burkot TR, Collins FH, Lobo NF. Using barrier screens to characterize mosquito composition, flight activity, and abdominal status in South Lampung, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:440. [PMID: 30064507 PMCID: PMC6069869 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito sampling methods target different aspects of mosquito behavior and are subject to trap and location specific biases. The barrier screen sampling method was developed and tested to sample free-flying, blood-fed, and host-seeking mosquitoes. During a pilot study, this method was useful in obtaining an unbiased sample of mosquitoes flying between outdoor larval habitats, and sites where blood meals were obtained. However, a relatively small number of blood-fed Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in Indonesia during the pilot study. The sampling method was extended in South Lampung, Indonesia, to enable the collection of blood-fed mosquitoes. This study aimed to intercept mosquitoes flying between human habitations and larval habitats with a barrier screen and to characterize mosquito composition, flight characteristics (direction, height and time), abdominal status, and parity. Results Barrier screens intercepted 15 different mosquito species in South Lampung: eight Anopheles spp. and seven Culex spp. Species compositions varied among the villages in South Lampung. About 15% of Anopheles spp. caught were blood-fed, of which 28.2% of those tested had fed on humans. This is the first time human blood-fed anophelines have been collected in Indonesia using barrier screens. Blood meals identified included cow, dog, goat, and human, as well as mixed blood meals. Activity of unfed An. subpictus, the primary vector collected, flying towards human habitations peaked between 20:00–12:00 h, with a slow decline in activity until 18:00 h. Unfed and fed An. sundaicus, had a different activity profile compared to An. subpictus. Other species demonstrated varied peak activity times, with earlier activity occurring as a general trend. For the Anopheles mosquitoes collected, 55.5% were collected below 0.5 m and 83.9% were captured resting < 1 m from the ground. Parity dissections enabled age structure by species, which revealed species-specific traits such as nulliparous An. subpictus being more active early in the night relative to An. sundaicus. Conclusions This study demonstrates that barrier screens are an effective mosquito sampling method that can be used to gain insights into local mosquito species composition, flight characteristics (direction, height and time), abdominal status, and parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Davidson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Supratman Sukowati
- Pusat Teknologi Intervensi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes (Center for Public Health Intervention Technology, Ministry of Health), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shinta
- Pusat Teknologi Intervensi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes (Center for Public Health Intervention Technology, Ministry of Health), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robert N Baskin
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brandy St Laurent
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - William A Hawley
- Child Development and Survival Cluster, UNICEF, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fang Liu
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Thomas R Burkot
- James Cook University, Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, QLD, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Frank H Collins
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Che-Mendoza A, Medina-Barreiro A, Koyoc-Cardeña E, Uc-Puc V, Contreras-Perera Y, Herrera-Bojórquez J, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Correa-Morales F, Ranson H, Lenhart A, McCall PJ, Kroeger A, Vazquez-Prokopec G, Manrique-Saide P. House screening with insecticide-treated netting provides sustained reductions in domestic populations of Aedes aegypti in Merida, Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006283. [PMID: 29543805 PMCID: PMC5870999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for effective methods to control Aedes aegypti and prevent the transmission of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticide treated screening (ITS) is a promising approach, particularly as it targets adult mosquitoes to reduce human-mosquito contact. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluated the entomological efficacy of ITS based intervention, which consisted of the installation of pyrethroid-impregnated long-lasting insecticide-treated netting material fixed as framed screens on external doors and windows. A total of 10 treatment and 10 control clusters (100 houses/cluster) were distributed throughout the city of Merida, Mexico. Cross-sectional entomological surveys quantified indoor adult mosquito infestation at baseline (pre-intervention) and throughout four post-intervention (PI) surveys spaced at 6-month intervals corresponding to dry/rainy seasons over two years (2012-2014). A total of 844 households from intervention clusters (86% coverage) were protected with ITS at the start of the trial. Significant reductions in the indoor presence and abundance of Ae. aegypti adults (OR = 0.48 and IRR = 0.45, P<0.05 respectively) and the indoor presence and abundance of Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes (OR = 0.47 and IRR = 0.44, P<0.05 respectively) were detected in intervention clusters compared to controls. This high level of protective effect was sustained for up to 24 months PI. Insecticidal activity of the ITS material declined with time, with ~70% mortality being demonstrated in susceptible mosquito cohorts up to 24 months after installation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The strong and sustained entomological impact observed in this study demonstrates the potential of house screening as a feasible, alternative approach to a sustained long-term impact on household infestations of Ae. aegypti. Larger trials quantifying the effectiveness of ITS on epidemiological endpoints are warranted and therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azael Che-Mendoza
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Edgar Koyoc-Cardeña
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Valentín Uc-Puc
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Josué Herrera-Bojórquez
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Kroeger
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Wagman J, Gogue C, Tynuv K, Mihigo J, Bankineza E, Bah M, Diallo D, Saibu A, Richardson JH, Kone D, Fomba S, Bernson J, Steketee R, Slutsker L, Robertson M. An observational analysis of the impact of indoor residual spraying with non-pyrethroid insecticides on the incidence of malaria in Ségou Region, Mali: 2012-2015. Malar J 2018; 17:19. [PMID: 29316917 PMCID: PMC5761159 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ségou Region in Central Mali is an area of high malaria burden with seasonal transmission, high access to and use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), and resistance to pyrethroids and DDT well documented in Anopheles gambiae s.l. (the principal vector of malaria in Mali). Ségou has recently received indoor residual spraying (IRS) supported by Mali’s collaboration with the US President’s Malaria Initiative/Africa Indoor Residual Spraying programme. From 2012 to 2015, two different non-pyrethroid insecticides: bendiocarb in 2012 and 2013 and pirimiphos-methyl in 2014 and 2015, were used for IRS in two districts. This report summarizes the results of observational analyses carried out to assess the impact of these IRS campaigns on malaria incidence rates reported through local and district health systems before and after spraying. Methods A series of retrospective time series analyses were performed on 1,382,202 rapid diagnostic test-confirmed cases of malaria reported by district routine health systems in Ségou Region from January 2012 to January 2016. Malaria testing, treatment, surveillance and reporting activities remained consistent across districts and years during the study period, as did LLIN access and use estimates as well as An. gambiae s.l. insecticide resistance patterns. Districts were stratified by IRS implementation status and all-age monthly incidence rates were calculated and compared across strata from 2012 to 2014. In 2015 a regional but variable scale-up of seasonal malaria chemoprevention complicated the region-wide analysis; however IRS operations were suspended in Bla District that year so a difference in differences approach was used to compare 2014 to 2015 changes in malaria incidence at the health facility level in children under 5-years-old from Bla relative to changes observed in Barouéli, where IRS operations were consistent. Results During 2012–2014, rapid reductions in malaria incidence were observed during the 6 months following each IRS campaign, though most of the reduction in cases (70% of the total) was concentrated in the first 2 months after each campaign was completed. Compared to non-IRS districts, in which normal seasonal patterns of malaria incidence were observed, an estimated 286,745 total fewer cases of all-age malaria were observed in IRS districts. The total cost of IRS in Ségou was around 9.68 million USD, or roughly 33.75 USD per case averted. Further analysis suggests that the timing of the 2012–2014 IRS campaigns (spraying in July and August) was well positioned to maximize public health impact. Suspension of IRS in Bla District after the 2014 campaign resulted in a 70% increase in under-5-years-old malaria incidence rates from 2014 to 2015, significantly greater (p = 0.0003) than the change reported from Barouéli District, where incidence rates remained the same. Conclusions From 2012 to 2015, the annual IRS campaigns in Ségou are associated with several hundred thousand fewer cases of malaria. This work supports the growing evidence that shows that IRS with non-pyrethroid insecticides is a wise public health investment in areas with documented pyrethroid resistance, high rates of LLIN coverage, and where house structures and population densities are appropriate. Additionally, this work highlights the utility of quality-assured and validated routine surveillance and well defined observational analyses to rapidly assess the impact of malaria control interventions in operational settings, helping to empower evidence-based decision making and to further grow the evidence base needed to better understand when and where to utilize new vector control tools as they become available. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-017-2168-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diakalkia Kone
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Fomba
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Bamako, Mali
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Yang X, Chen Z, Miao J, Cui L, Guan W. High-throughput and label-free parasitemia quantification and stage differentiation for malaria-infected red blood cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:408-414. [PMID: 28711027 PMCID: PMC5558593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a high throughput and label-free microfluidic cell deformability sensor for quantitative parasitemia measurement and stage determination for Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs). The sensor relies on differentiating the RBC deformability (a mechanical biomarker) that is highly correlated with the infection status. The cell deformability is measured by evaluating the transit time when each individual RBC squeezes through a microscale constriction (cross-section ~5µm×5µm). More than 30,000 RBCs can be analyzed for parasitemia quantification in under 1min with a throughput ~500 cells/s. Moreover, the device can also differentiate various malaria stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizont stage) due to their varied deformability. Using Pf-iRBCs at 0.1% parasitemia as a testing sample, the microfluidic deformability sensor achieved an excellent sensitivity (94.29%), specificity (86.67%) and accuracy (92.00%) in a blind test, comparable to the gold standard of the blood smear microscopy. As a supplement technology to the microscopy and flow cytometry, the microfluidic deformability sensor would possibly allow for label-free, rapid and cost-effective parasitemia quantification and stage determination for malaria in remote regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhuofa Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
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Yang C, Huang Z, Li M, Feng X, Qiu X. RDL mutations predict multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles sinensis in Guangxi, China. Malar J 2017; 16:482. [PMID: 29183375 PMCID: PMC5704519 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in China. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel, encoded by the RDL (Resistant to dieldrin) gene, is the important target for insecticides of widely varied structures. The use of various insecticides in agriculture and vector control has inevitably led to the development of insecticide resistance, which may reduce the control effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence and distribution frequency of the resistance related mutation(s) in An. sinensis RDL to predict resistance to both the withdrawn cyclodienes (e.g. dieldrin) and currently used insecticides, such as fipronil. Methods Two hundred and forty adults of An. sinensis collected from nine locations across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were used. Two fragments of An. sinensis RDL (AsRDL) gene, covering the putative insecticide resistance related sites, were sequenced respectively. The haplotypes of each individual were reconstructed by the PHASE2.1 software, and confirmed by clone sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was built using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Genealogical relations among different haplotypes were also analysed using Network 5.0. Results The coding region of AsRDL gene was 1674 bp long, encoding a protein of 557 amino acids. AsRDL had 98.0% amino acid identity to that from Anopheles funestus, and shared common structural features of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels. Three resistance-related amino acid substitutions (A296S, V327I and T345S) were detected in all the nine populations of An. sinensis in Guangxi, with the 296S mutation being the most abundant (77–100%), followed by 345S (22–47%) and 327I (8–60%). 38 AsRDL haplotypes were identified from 240 individuals at frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 34.8%. Genealogical analysis suggested multiple origins of the 345S mutation in AsRDL. Conclusions The near fixation of the 296S mutation and the occurrence of the 327I and 345S mutations in addition to 296S, in all the nine tested An. sinensis populations in Guangxi, strongly indicate a risk of multiple insecticide resistance. The haplotype diversity plus genetic heterogeneities in the geographical distribution, and multiple origins of AsRDL alleles call for a location-customized strategy for monitoring and management of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zushi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Benelli G, Beier JC. Current vector control challenges in the fight against malaria. Acta Trop 2017; 174:91-96. [PMID: 28684267 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effective and eco-friendly control of Anopheles vectors plays a key role in any malaria management program. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) suggests making use of the full range of vector control tools available. The strategies for IVM require novel technologies to control outdoor transmission of malaria. Despite the wide number of promising control tools tested against mosquitoes, current strategies for malaria vector control used in most African countries are not sufficient to achieve successful malaria control. The majority of National Malaria Control Programs in Africa still rely on indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). These methods reduce malaria incidence but generally have little impact on malaria prevalence. In addition to outdoor transmission, growing levels of insecticide resistance in targeted vectors threaten the efficacy of LLINs and IRS. Larvicidal treatments can be useful, but are not recommended for rural areas. The research needed to improve the quality and delivery of mosquito vector control should focus on (i) optimization of processes and methods for vector control delivery; (ii) monitoring of vector populations and biting activity with reliable techniques; (iii) the development of effective and eco-friendly tools to reduce the burden or locally eliminate malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases; (iv) the careful evaluation of field suitability and efficacy of new mosquito control tools to prove their epidemiological impact; (v) the continuous monitoring of environmental changes which potentially affect malaria vector populations; (vi) the cooperation among different disciplines, with main emphasis on parasitology, tropical medicine, ecology, entomology, and ecotoxicology. A better understanding of behavioral ecology of malaria vectors is required. Key ecological obstacles that limit the effectiveness of vector control include the variation in mosquito behavior, development of insecticide resistance, presence of behavioral avoidance, high vector biodiversity, competitive and food web interactions, lack of insights on mosquito dispersal and mating behavior, and the impact of environmental changes on mosquito ecological traits. Overall, the trans-disciplinary cooperation among parasitologists and entomologists is crucial to ensure proper evaluation of the epidemiological impact triggered by novel mosquito vector control strategies.
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Bideshi DK, Park HW, Hice RH, Wirth MC, Federici BA. Highly Effective Broad Spectrum Chimeric Larvicide That Targets Vector Mosquitoes Using a Lipophilic Protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11282. [PMID: 28900215 PMCID: PMC5596012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mosquitocidal bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) are the active ingredients of commercial larvicides used widely to control vector mosquitoes. Bti’s efficacy is due to synergistic interactions among four proteins, Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, Cry11Aa, and Cyt1Aa, whereas Ls’s activity is caused by Bin, a heterodimer consisting of BinA, the toxin, and BinB, a midgut-binding protein. Cyt1Aa is lipophilic and synergizes Bti Cry proteins by increasing midgut binding. We fused Bti’s Cyt1Aa to Ls’s BinA yielding a broad-spectrum chimeric protein highly mosquitocidal to important vector species including Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti, the latter an important Zika and Dengue virus vector insensitive to Ls Bin. Aside from its vector control potential, our bioassay data, in contrast to numerous other reports, provide strong evidence that BinA does not require conformational interactions with BinB or microvillar membrane lipids to bind to its intracellular target and kill mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Hyun-Woo Park
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Robert H Hice
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Margaret C Wirth
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Brian A Federici
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Microbiology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Kirunda J, Okello-Onen J, Opiyo EA, Rwakimari JB, de Alwis R, Okia M, Ambayo D, Abola B, Hoel DF. Assessment of Ficam VC (Bendiocarb) Residual Activity on Different Wall Surfaces for Control of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northern Uganda. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1006-1012. [PMID: 28399299 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide decay rate on different wall surfaces is of importance to indoor residual spray (IRS) programs used as a malaria control intervention. Past IRS operations showed increasing populations of endophilic malaria vectors resting on indoor surfaces from various sites in Uganda following use of Ficam VC (bendiocarb) insecticide; variability of insecticide life was believed to be primarily due to wall surface type. Bendiocarb longevity was tested in the northern Uganda districts of Amuru, Apac, and Pader to assess its residual efficacy on three commonly encountered wall surfaces. Wall types included mud and wattle, plain brick, and painted plaster. A susceptible mosquito strain (Anopheles gambiae Kisumu) was used in all trials. Nine houses in each of the three districts were set with three test cones and one control cone per house, divided evenly among the three wall surfaces. Bioassays were run monthly through 6 mo. Painted plastered surfaces produced 100% mortality (at 24 h) through 6 mo. Plain brick surfaces killed 100% of test mosquitoes through 4 mo, while mud and wattle wall surfaces produced a 98% mortality rate at 3 mo post spray. The KD60 (knockdown at 60 min) for painted plastered surfaces was 100% for 6 mo, plain brick surface KD60 was 80% at 6 mo, and the mud and wattle surface KD60 was >80% at 3 mo. There was a significant effect on Ficam VC longevity by wall type and evidence of a relationship between test period and wall type on the KD60.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kirunda
- Abt Associates Inc, USAID Uganda IRS Project, Kampala, Plot 86, Luthuli Ave., Bugolobi, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Okello-Onen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth A Opiyo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - J B Rwakimari
- Technical Director, USAID Zimbabwe Assistance Program in Malaria, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ranjith de Alwis
- Chief of Party, Abt Associates Inc., President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Rua No. 102, Bairro Kapango Urbano Huambo, Angola
| | - Michael Okia
- Abt Associates Inc, USAID Uganda IRS Project, Kampala, Plot 86, Luthuli Ave., Bugolobi, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis Ambayo
- Abt Associates Inc, USAID Uganda IRS Project, Kampala, Plot 86, Luthuli Ave., Bugolobi, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benard Abola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - David F Hoel
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814
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The toxicity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to larvae of the disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45409. [PMID: 28345667 PMCID: PMC5366949 DOI: 10.1038/srep45409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of mosquitoes is threatened by the appearance of insecticide resistance and therefore new control chemicals are urgently required. Here we show that inhibitors of mosquito peptidyl dipeptidase, a peptidase related to mammalian angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), are insecticidal to larvae of the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. ACE inhibitors (captopril, fosinopril and fosinoprilat) and two peptides (trypsin-modulating oostatic factor/TMOF and a bradykinin-potentiating peptide, BPP-12b) were all inhibitors of the larval ACE activity of both mosquitoes. Two inhibitors, captopril and fosinopril (a pro-drug ester of fosinoprilat), were tested for larvicidal activity. Within 24 h captopril had killed >90% of the early instars of both species with 3rd instars showing greater resistance. Mortality was also high within 24 h of exposure of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars of An. gambiae to fosinopril. Fosinopril was also toxic to Ae. aegypti larvae, although the 1st instars appeared to be less susceptible to this pro-drug even after 72 h exposure. Homology models of the larval An. gambiae ACE proteins (AnoACE2 and AnoACE3) reveal structural differences compared to human ACE, suggesting that structure-based drug design offers a fruitful approach to the development of selective inhibitors of mosquito ACE enzymes as novel larvicides.
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Gross AD, Tabanca N, Islam R, Ali A, Khan IA, Kaplancikli ZA, Altintop MD, Ozdemir A, Bloomquist JR. Toxicity and Synergistic Activities of Chalcones Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:382-386. [PMID: 28011724 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne illnesses are of great concern throughout the world, and chemical insecticides are commonly employed to decrease mosquito populations. However, the developmental insecticide pipeline for vector control has primarily been filled by repurposed agricultural products, and is hampered by their widespread use and insecticide resistance. The present study was performed in the search for new chemical insecticides or insecticide synergists. Screening of 31 chalcone analogs was performed using Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) first-instar larval toxicity assay, and oral feeding to Drosophila melanogaster's proper authority should be (Meigen). Synergism studies were performed by topically applying chalcones to adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to examine its impact on activity of carbaryl, which was compared to piperonyl butoxide alone. Fourteen chalcone analogs had LC50 values in the range of 0.4-38 ppm against first-instar Ae. aegypti larvae, and three chalcones displayed toxicity against D. melanogaster via feeding (LC50 values ranged from 146-214 μg/ml). Two chalcones synergized carbaryl toxicity against adult Ae. aegypti with efficacy similar to piperonyl butoxide. As a result, it is concluded that chalcones may serve as novel insecticides and synergists after further structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Gross
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (; ; ; )
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (; ; ; )
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS (; )
| | - Rafique Islam
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (; ; ; )
| | - Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS (; )
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS (; )
| | - Zafer A Kaplancikli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskisehir, Turkey (; ; )
| | - Mehlika D Altintop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskisehir, Turkey (; ; )
| | - Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskisehir, Turkey (; ; )
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (; ; ; )
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Ayala D, Acevedo P, Pombi M, Dia I, Boccolini D, Costantini C, Simard F, Fontenille D. Chromosome inversions and ecological plasticity in the main African malaria mosquitoes. Evolution 2017; 71:686-701. [PMID: 28071788 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome inversions have fascinated the scientific community, mainly because of their role in the rapid adaption of different taxa to changing environments. However, the ecological traits linked to chromosome inversions have been poorly studied. Here, we investigated the roles played by 23 chromosome inversions in the adaptation of the four major African malaria mosquitoes to local environments in Africa. We studied their distribution patterns by using spatially explicit modeling and characterized the ecogeographical determinants of each inversion range. We then performed hierarchical clustering and constrained ordination analyses to assess the spatial and ecological similarities among inversions. Our results show that most inversions are environmentally structured, suggesting that they are actively involved in processes of local adaptation. Some inversions exhibited similar geographical patterns and ecological requirements among the four mosquito species, providing evidence for parallel evolution. Conversely, common inversion polymorphisms between sibling species displayed divergent ecological patterns, suggesting that they might have a different adaptive role in each species. These results are in agreement with the finding that chromosomal inversions play a role in Anopheles ecotypic adaptation. This study establishes a strong ecological basis for future genome-based analyses to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of local adaptation in these four mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ayala
- UMR 224 MIVEGEC/ESV, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France.,CIRMF, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Marco Pombi
- Sezione di Parassitologia, Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza,", Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Daniela Boccolini
- Department MIPI, Unit Vector-Borne Diseases and International Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | | | | | - Didier Fontenille
- UMR 224 MIVEGEC/ESV, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France.,Current Address: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, BP 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Olé Sangba ML, Sidick A, Govoetchan R, Dide-Agossou C, Ossè RA, Akogbeto M, Ndiath MO. Evidence of multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae populations in Bangui, Central African Republic. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:23. [PMID: 28086840 PMCID: PMC5237250 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of insecticide resistance status in the main malaria vectors is an essential component of effective malaria vector control. This study presents the first evaluation of the status of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations from Bangui, the Central African Republic. Methods Anopheles mosquitoes were reared from larvae collected in seven districts of Bangui between September to November 2014. The World Health Organisation’s bioassay susceptibility tests to lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%), malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1%) and bendiocarb (0.1%) were performed on adult females. Species and molecular forms as well as the presence of L1014F kdr and Ace-1R mutations were assessed by PCR. Additional tests were conducted to assess metabolic resistance status. Results After 1 h exposure, a significant difference of knockdown effect was observed between districts in all insecticides tested except deltamethrin and malathion. The mortality rate (MR) of pyrethroids group ranging from 27% (CI: 19–37.5) in Petevo to 86% (CI: 77.6–92.1) in Gbanikola; while for DDT, MR ranged from 5% (CI: 1.6–11.3) in Centre-ville to 39% (CI: 29.4–49.3) in Ouango. For the organophosphate group a MR of 100% was observed in all districts except Gbanikola where a MR of 96% (CI: 90–98.9) was recorded. The mortality induced by bendiocarb was very heterogeneous, ranging from 75% (CI: 62.8–82.8) in Yapele to 99% (CI: 84.5–100) in Centre-ville. A high level of kdr-w (L1014F) frequency was observed in all districts ranging from 93 to 100%; however, no kdr-e (L1014S) and Ace-1R mutation were found in all tested mosquitoes. Data of biochemical analysis showed significant overexpression activities of cytochrome P450, GST and esterases in Gbanikola and Yapele (χ2 = 31.85, df = 2, P < 0.001). By contrast, esterases activities using α and β-naphthyl acetate were significantly low in mosquitoes from PK10 and Ouango in comparison to Kisumu strain (χ2 = 17.34, df = 2, P < 0.005). Conclusions Evidence of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids as well as precocious emergence of resistance to carbamates were detected among A. gambiae mosquitoes from Bangui, including target-site mutations and metabolic mechanisms. The co-existence of these resistance mechanisms in A. gambiae may be a serious obstacle for the future success of malaria control programmes in this region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1965-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lidwine Olé Sangba
- G4 Malaria Group, Institut Pasteur of Bangui, BP 926, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.,Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, 06 BP 2604, Benin
| | - Aboubakar Sidick
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, 06 BP 2604, Benin
| | - Renaud Govoetchan
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, 06 BP 2604, Benin.,Ecole Nationale des Sciences et Techniques Agricole de Djougou (ENSTA), Université des Sciences Arts et Techniques de Natitingou (USATN), Natitingou, Benin
| | - Christian Dide-Agossou
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Razaki A Ossè
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, 06 BP 2604, Benin.,Ecole de Gestion et d'Exploitation des Systèmes d'Elevage (EGESE), Université d'Agriculture de Kétou (UAK), Kétou, Benin
| | - Martin Akogbeto
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.,Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, 06 BP 2604, Benin
| | - Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath
- G4 Malaria Group, Institut Pasteur of Bangui, BP 926, Bangui, Central African Republic. .,G4 Malaria Group, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar BP 1274, Ambatofotsikely Avaradoha 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
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Qualls WA, Scott-Fiorenzano J, Müller GC, Arheart KL, Beier JC, Xue RD. Evaluation and Adaptation of Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits For Culex tarsalis and Culex quinquefasciatus Control In The Coachella Valley, Southern California. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2016; 32:292-299. [PMID: 28206859 DOI: 10.2987/16-6589.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The project goal was to determine how a new vector control strategy that targets the sugar-feeding behavior of mosquitoes, attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs), can be used to more effectively control West Nile virus (WNV) vectors in the Coachella Valley, California. Three laboratory studies were conducted to determine the utility of this method for control against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis : 1) efficacy evaluations of 2 formulations of ATSB, microencapsulated garlic oil, and a combination of microencapsulated garlic oil and 1% boric acid; 2) choice assays to determine the attractiveness of ATSB with the microencapsulated garlic oil against attractive sugar baits (ASB; the attractant alone; without toxin) and a 10% sucrose solution; and 3) vegetation efficacy tests on 3 common plant species in the Coachella Valley, Atriplex lentiformis, Tamarix ramosissima , and Pluchea sericea. At 48 h the average mortality for Cx. quinquefasciatus was 91% after exposure to ATSB with microencapsulated garlic oil and 99% on ATSB garlic + 1% boric acid solution. Culex tarsalis averaged 86% and 91% mortality following the ATSB microencapsulated garlic oil solution and the ATSB garlic + 1% boric acid solution, respectively. Choice assays indicated that the there were differences in preferences between the solutions and between species. Both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. tarsalis were found to prefer the ASB and ATSB solutions to the 10% sucrose solution. However, when comparing the ASB to ATSB, Cx. quinquefasciatus significantly preferred the ASB solution (t = 3.6, df = 25, P = 0.0008). There were no significant differences in the preference of Cx. tarsalis to feed on the ASB or ATSB solutions as indicated in the choice assays (t = 1.9, df = 25, P = 0.07). Assays indicated that applications of ATSB to the 3 common plants in the Coachella Valley resulted in high mortality in both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. tarsalis. There were significant differences in the treatments compared to the control (F = 40.15, df1,2 = 4,72, P < 0.001) but no significant differences among the different plants and ATSB treatments (F = 1.06, df1,2 = 4,72, P = 0.38). Laboratory findings suggest that ATSB is effective for use against WNV vectors in California. Further evaluations are needed in the field to determine how the environment may impact ATSB applications to influence mosquito mortality and nontarget organisms in arid environments in the United States.
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Barik TK, Suzuki Y, Rasgon JL. Factors influencing infection and transmission of Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) in mosquitoes. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2691. [PMID: 27867767 PMCID: PMC5111888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) is a potential microbial agent for paratransgenesis and gene transduction in An. gambiae, the major vector of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the interaction between AgDNV and An. gambiae is critical for using AgDNV in a basic and applied manner for Anopheles gene manipulation. Here, we tested the effects of mosquito age, sex, blood feeding status, and potential for horizontal transmission using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter AgDNV system. Neither mosquito age at infection nor feeding regime affected viral titers. Female mosquitoes were more permissive to viral infection than males. Despite low viral titers, infected males were able to venereally transmit virus to females during mating, where the virus was localized with the transferred sperm in the spermathecae. These findings will be useful for designing AgDNV-based strategies to manipulate Anopheles gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Barik
- Applied Entomology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, India.,Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Virology, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Choi G, Song D, Shrestha S, Miao J, Cui L, Guan W. A field-deployable mobile molecular diagnostic system for malaria at the point of need. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4341-4349. [PMID: 27722377 PMCID: PMC5089926 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to the urgent need of a field-deployable and highly sensitive malaria diagnosis, we developed a standalone, "sample-in-answer-out" molecular diagnostic system (AnyMDx) to enable quantitative molecular analysis of blood-borne malaria in low resource areas. The system consists of a durable battery-powered analyzer and a disposable microfluidic compact disc loaded with reagents ready for use. A low power thermal module and a novel fluorescence-sensing module are integrated into the analyzer for real-time monitoring of loop-mediated isothermal nucleic acid amplification (LAMP) of target parasite DNA. With 10 μL of raw blood sample, the AnyMDx system automates the nucleic acid sample preparation and subsequent LAMP and real-time detection. Under laboratory conditions with whole-blood samples spiked with cultured Plasmodium falciparum, we achieved a detection limit of ∼0.6 parasite per μL, much lower than those for the conventional microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (∼50-100 parasites per μL). The turnaround time from sample to answer is less than 40 minutes. The AnyMDx is user-friendly requiring minimal technological training. The analyzer and the disposable reagent compact discs are cost-effective, making AnyMDx a potential tool for malaria molecular diagnosis under field settings for malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA.
| | - Daniel Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Sony Shrestha
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
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Adde A, Roux E, Mangeas M, Dessay N, Nacher M, Dusfour I, Girod R, Briolant S. Dynamical Mapping of Anopheles darlingi Densities in a Residual Malaria Transmission Area of French Guiana by Using Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164685. [PMID: 27749938 PMCID: PMC5066951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local variation in the density of Anopheles mosquitoes and the risk of exposure to bites are essential to explain the spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the transmission of malaria. Vector distribution is driven by environmental factors. Based on variables derived from satellite imagery and meteorological observations, this study aimed to dynamically model and map the densities of Anopheles darlingi in the municipality of Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock (French Guiana). Longitudinal sampling sessions of An. darlingi densities were conducted between September 2012 and October 2014. Landscape and meteorological data were collected and processed to extract a panel of variables that were potentially related to An. darlingi ecology. Based on these data, a robust methodology was formed to estimate a statistical predictive model of the spatial-temporal variations in the densities of An. darlingi in Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock. The final cross-validated model integrated two landscape variables-dense forest surface and built surface-together with four meteorological variables related to rainfall, evapotranspiration, and the minimal and maximal temperatures. Extrapolation of the model allowed the generation of predictive weekly maps of An. darlingi densities at a resolution of 10-m. Our results supported the use of satellite imagery and meteorological data to predict malaria vector densities. Such fine-scale modeling approach might be a useful tool for health authorities to plan control strategies and social communication in a cost-effective, targeted, and timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Adde
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgan Mangeas
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Dessay
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique et Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre hospitalier Andrée-Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Romain Girod
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Unité de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
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Yang C, Feng X, Huang Z, Li M, Qiu X. Diversity and frequency of kdr mutations within Anopheles sinensis populations from Guangxi, China. Malar J 2016; 15:411. [PMID: 27527509 PMCID: PMC4986192 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in China and its control is under great threat as the development of insecticide resistance. Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) is the target of several classes of insecticides. Genetic mutations of VGSC have been documented to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids in mosquitoes. To control this vector efficiently, it is important to know the resistance-associated genetic mutations, their distribution frequencies and genealogical relations. METHODS Three hundreds and thirteen (313) adults of An. sinensis collected from nine locations across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were used. The partial sequence of the An. sinensis voltage gated sodium channel gene (AS-VGSC) containing codon 1014 was sequenced. PHASE2.1 was used to construct the haplotypes of each individual, and the accuracy of haplotypes was further confirmed by clone sequencing. The genealogical relations of kdr mutations in AS-VGSC was analysed using TCS 2.1 and Network 5.0. RESULTS Sixteen AS-VGSC haplotypes including seven haplotypes carrying non-synonymous mutations at codon 1014, and fifty-five AS-VGSC genotypes were identified from 313 mosquitoes collected from nine geographical locations across Guangxi. The number of haplotypes in each of the nine populations ranged from 5 to 13. The frequency of haplotypes carrying kdr mutations ranged from 2.7 to 80.0 % within the nine populations, of which 1014C was unexpectedly high in the northeast of Guangxi. Genealogical analysis suggested multiple origins of kdr mutations in An. sinensis. CONCLUSION Diverse haplotypes of AS-VGSC are distributed in Guangxi. The presence of haplotypes carrying mutations at codon 1014 indicates a risk of pyrethroid and DDT resistance. The kdr mutations show differential distribution geographically, with high frequencies occurred in the northeast of Guangxi. Genealogical analysis suggests multiple origins of kdr mutations in An. sinensis populations in Guangxi. These findings have important practical implications for the sustainability of An. sinensis control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Zushi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Gunasekaran K, Sahu SS, Vijayakumar T, Subramanian S, Yadav RS, Pigeon O, Jambulingam P. An experimental hut evaluation of Olyset Plus, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of permethrin and piperonyl butoxide, against Anopheles fluviatilis in Odisha State, India. Malar J 2016; 15:375. [PMID: 27439398 PMCID: PMC4955161 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fast development of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors prompted the development of new vector control tools including combination of insecticides with different modes of action as part of resistance management strategies. Olyset Plus® is a new long-lasting insecticidal net, in which, permethrin and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), are incorporated into filaments. Mixture nets such as this may have application against resistant mosquitoes, particularly those whose resistance is based on oxidative metabolism. There may also be enhanced activity against susceptible mosquitoes since mixed function oxidases are involved in a many metabolic activities including activation to form bioactive compounds. Methods Bio-efficacy of Olyset Plus was evaluated against susceptible malaria vector, Anopheles fluviatilis in experimental huts. Deterrence, blood feeding inhibition, induced exophily and killing effect were measured to assess the bio-efficacy. The results were compared with Olyset Net®, a polyethylene permethrin-incorporated LLIN and a conventionally treated polyester net (with permethrin) washed to just before exhaustion. Results Results showed significant reduction in entry (treatment: 0.4–0.8; control: 4.2 per trap-night) and increase in exit (56.3–82.9 % and 44.2 %) rates of Anopheles fluviatilis in the treatment arms compared to control (P < 0.05). While blood feeding rates declined in treatment arms (18.8–30.6 %), it increased in control (77.6 %) (P < 0.05). This was further evident from the blood-feeding inhibition rates in treatment arms (60.6–90.6 %). Total mortality was significantly higher in all treatment arms (96.3–100 %) compared to control arm (2 %) (P < 0.05). Chemical analysis for active ingredient (AI) showed retention of 75 and 88 % in Olyset plus and Olyset net respectively after 20 washes. Performance of Olyset Plus washed 20 times was equal to the CTN and Olyset Net against the susceptible malaria vector An. fluviatilis, fulfilling the WHO efficacy criteria of Phase II evaluation for LLIN. However, the benefit of incorporating PBO and permethrin together in a long-lasting treatment could not be demonstrated in the current study as the target vector species was fully susceptible to pyrethroids. Conclusion Olyset Plus, with its intrinsic bio-efficacy could be an effective vector control tool to prevent transmission of malaria by susceptible vectors like An. fluviatilis. However, the results of the current study need to be further supported by testing the net at village level (Phase III) for community acceptability. Before taking the net to village level, it needs to be verified whether the net is better than pyrethroid nets in terms of bio-efficacy against resistant An. culicifacies, another malaria vector that has developed resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasinathan Gunasekaran
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India.
| | - Sudhansu Sekhar Sahu
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India.
| | - Tharmalingam Vijayakumar
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Swaminathan Subramanian
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Rajpal Singh Yadav
- World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Pigeon
- Agriculture and Natural Environment Department (D3), Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
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Achee NL, Youngblood L, Bangs MJ, Lavery JV, James S. Considerations for the use of human participants in vector biology research: a tool for investigators and regulators. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 15:89-102. [PMID: 25700039 PMCID: PMC4340630 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough search of the existing literature has revealed that there are currently no published recommendations or guidelines for the interpretation of US regulations on the use of human participants in vector biology research (VBR). An informal survey of vector biologists has indicated that issues related to human participation in vector research have been largely debated by academic, national, and local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the countries where the research is being conducted, and that interpretations and subsequent requirements made by these IRBs have varied widely. This document is intended to provide investigators and corresponding scientific and ethical review committee members an introduction to VBR methods involving human participation and the legal and ethical framework in which such studies are conducted with a focus on US Federal Regulations. It is also intended to provide a common perspective for guiding researchers, IRB members, and other interested parties (i.e., public health officials conducting routine entomological surveillance) in the interpretation of human subjects regulations pertaining to VBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Achee
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health , University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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Nikookar SH, Azari-Hamidian S, Fazeli-Dinan M, Nasab SNM, Aarabi M, Ziapour SP, Enayati A. Species composition, co-occurrence, association and affinity indices of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Acta Trop 2016; 157:20-9. [PMID: 26805471 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although considerable progress has been made in the past years in management of mosquito borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever and West Nile fever through research in biology and ecology of the vectors, these diseases are still major threats to human health. Therefore, more research is required for better management of the diseases. This investigation provides information on the composition, co-occurrence, association and affinity indices of mosquito larvae in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. In a large scale field study, mosquito larvae were collected from 120 sentinel sites in 16 counties in Mazandaran Province, using standard 350 ml dipper. Sampling took place monthly from May to December 2014. Collected larvae were mounted on glass slides using de Faure's medium and were diagnosed using morphological characters. Totally, 19,840 larvae were collected including three genera and 16 species from 120 larval habitats, as follows: Anopheles claviger, Anopheles hyrcanus, Anopheles maculipennis s.l., Anopheles marteri, Anopheles plumbeus, Anopheles pseudopictus, Culex pipiens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex torrentium, Culex perexiguus, Culex territans, Culex mimeticus, Culex hortensis, Culiseta annulata, Culiseta longiareolata, and Culiseta morsitans. Predominant species were Cx. pipiens and An. maculipennis s.l. which show the highest co-occurrence. The pair of species An. hyrcanus/An. pseudopictus showed significant affinity and association. High co-occurrence of the predominant species Cx. pipiens and An. maculipennis s.l. in the study area is of considerable importance in terms of vector ecology. It was also revealed that An. pseudopictus/An. hyrcanus often occur sympatrically indicating their common habitat requirements. The information may be equally important when vector control measures are considered.
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Evaluating the usefulness of paratransgenesis for malaria control. Math Biosci 2016; 277:117-25. [PMID: 27140529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious global health problem which is especially devastating to the developing world. Most malaria control programs use insecticides for controlling mosquito populations. Large scale usage of these insecticides exerts massive selection pressure on mosquitoes resulting in insecticide resistant mosquito breeds. Thus, developing alternative strategies are crucial for sustainable malaria control. Here, we explore the usefulness of an alternative strategy, paratransgenesis: the introduction of genetically engineered plasmodium killing bacteria inside the mosquito gut. The genetically modified bacterial culture is housed in cotton balls dipped in a sugar solution (sugar bait) and they enter a mosquito's midgut when it drinks from a sugar bait. We study scenarios where vectors and hosts mix homogeneously as well as heterogeneously and calculate the amount of baits required to prevent a malaria outbreak. Given the baits are attractive, we show that the basic reproductive number drops rapidly with the increase in bait density. Furthermore, we propose a targeted bait distribution strategy for minimizing the reproductive number for the heterogeneous case. Our results can prove to be useful for designing future experiments and field trials of alternative malaria control mechanisms and they also have implications on the development of malaria control programs.
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