1
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Matenda RT, Rip D, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V, Williams PJ. Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes serotypes using near infrared hyperspectral imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124579. [PMID: 38850824 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Among the severe foodborne illnesses, listeriosis resulting from the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes exhibits one of the highest fatality rates. This study investigated the application of near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) for the classification of three L. monocytogenes serotypes namely serotype 4b, 1/2a and 1/2c. The bacteria were cultured on Brain Heart Infusion agar, and NIR hyperspectral images were captured in the spectral range 900-2500 nm. Different pre-processing methods were applied to the raw spectra and principal component analysis was used for data exploration. Classification was achieved with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA results revealed classification accuracies exceeding 80 % for all the bacterial serotypes for both training and test set data. Based on validation data, sensitivity values for L. monocytogenes serotype 4b, 1/2a and 1/2c were 0.69, 0.80 and 0.98, respectively when using full wavelength data. The reduced wavelength model had sensitivity values of 0.65, 0.85 and 0.98 for serotype 4b, 1/2a and 1/2c, respectively. The most relevant bands for serotype discrimination were identified to be around 1490 nm and 1580-1690 nm based on both principal component loadings and variable importance in projection scores. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing NIR-HSI for detecting and classifying L. monocytogenes serotypes on growth media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumbidzai T Matenda
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Diane Rip
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Juan A Fernández Pierna
- Quality and authentication of products Unit, Knowledge and valorization of agricultural products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur,24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Vincent Baeten
- Quality and authentication of products Unit, Knowledge and valorization of agricultural products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur,24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Paul J Williams
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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2
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Raichur A, Sinha N. Narrow spectrum nano-antibiotic for selective removal of ARB from contaminated water: New insights into stimuli response based on cellular attachment, lysis, and excretion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134475. [PMID: 38733781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Narrow spectrum nano-antibiotics are supposedly the future trouble-shooters to improve the efficacy of conventional antimicrobials for treatment of severe bacterial infections, remove contamination from water and diminish the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, antimicrobial peptide functionalized boron-carbon-nitride nanosheets ((Ant)pep@BCN NSs) are developed that are a promising wastewater disinfector and antibiotic resistant bactericide agent. These nanosheets are developed for selective removal and effective inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) from water in presence of two virulent bacteria. The (Ant)pep@BCN NSs provide reactive surface receptors specific to the ARB. They mimic muralytic enzymes to damage the cell membrane of ARB. These NSs demonstrate 3-fold higher antimicrobial efficiency against the targeted ARB compared to pristine BCN even at lower concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that functionalized BCN has been developed to remove ARB selectively from wastewater. Furthermore, the (Ant)pep@BCN selectively reduced the microbiological load and led to morphological changes in Gram negative ARB in a mixed bacterial inoculum. These ARBs excreted outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs) of triangular shape as a stimuli response to (Ant)pep@BCN NSs. These novel antimicrobial peptide-NSs have potential to improve treatment efficacy against ARB infections and water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raichur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Niraj Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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3
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Litschko C, Di Domenico V, Schulze J, Li S, Ovchinnikova OG, Voskuilen T, Bethe A, Cifuente JO, Marina A, Budde I, Mast TA, Sulewska M, Berger M, Buettner FFR, Lowary TL, Whitfield C, Codée JDC, Schubert M, Guerin ME, Fiebig T. Transition transferases prime bacterial capsule polymerization. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01664-8. [PMID: 38951648 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Capsules are long-chain carbohydrate polymers that envelop the surfaces of many bacteria, protecting them from host immune responses. Capsule biosynthesis enzymes are potential drug targets and valuable biotechnological tools for generating vaccine antigens. Despite their importance, it remains unknown how structurally variable capsule polymers of Gram-negative pathogens are linked to the conserved glycolipid anchoring these virulence factors to the bacterial membrane. Using Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as an example, we demonstrate that CpsA and CpsC generate a poly(glycerol-3-phosphate) linker to connect the glycolipid with capsules containing poly(galactosylglycerol-phosphate) backbones. We reconstruct the entire capsule biosynthesis pathway in A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 3 and 7, solve the X-ray crystal structure of the capsule polymerase CpsD, identify its tetratricopeptide repeat domain as essential for elongating poly(glycerol-3-phosphate) and show that CpsA and CpsC stimulate CpsD to produce longer polymers. We identify the CpsA and CpsC product as a wall teichoic acid homolog, demonstrating similarity between the biosynthesis of Gram-positive wall teichoic acid and Gram-negative capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Litschko
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerio Di Domenico
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona Science Park, Tower R, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Schulze
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sizhe Li
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olga G Ovchinnikova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thijs Voskuilen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bethe
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Javier O Cifuente
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Alberto Marina
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Insa Budde
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim A Mast
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Sulewska
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Berger
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Proteomics, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chris Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona Science Park, Tower R, Barcelona, Spain.
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Timm Fiebig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Wu D, Fu K, Zhang W, Li Y, Ji Y, Dai Y, Yang G. Chitosan nanomedicines-engineered bifidobacteria complexes for effective colorectal tumor-targeted delivery of SN-38. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124283. [PMID: 38810933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The clinical application of 7-ethyl hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) maintains challenges not only due to its poor solubility and stability but also the lack of effective carriers to actively deliver SN-38 to deep tumor sites. Although SN-38-based nanomedicines could improve the solubility and stability from different aspects, the tumor targeting efficiency remains very low. Leveraging the hypoxic taxis of bifidobacteria bifidum (B. bifi) to the deep tumor area, we report SN-38-based nanomedicines-engineered bifidobacterial complexes for effective tumor-targeted delivery. Firstly, SN-38 was covalently coupled with poly-L-glutamic acid (L-PGA) and obtained soluble polymeric prodrug L-PGA-SN38 to improve its solubility and stability. To prolong the drug release, L-PGA-SN38 was mildly complexed with chitosan to form nanomedicines, and nanomedicines engineered B. bifi were further elaborated via electrostatic interaction of the excess of cationic chitosan shell from nanomedicines and anionic teichoic acid from B. bifi. The engineered B. bifi complexes inherited the bioactivity of native B. bifi and exhibited distinctly enhanced accumulation at the tumor site. More importantly, significantly elevated anti-tumor efficacy was achieved after the treatment of CS-L-PGA-SN38 NPs/B. bifi complexes, with favorable tumor suppression up to 80%. Such a B. bifi-mediated delivery system offers a promising platform for effective drug delivery and enhanced drug accumulation in the hypoxia deep tumor with superior anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Kaili Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wangyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yazhen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yaning Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yiwei Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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5
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Bozidis P, Markou E, Gouni A, Gartzonika K. Does Phage Therapy Need a Pan-Phage? Pathogens 2024; 13:522. [PMID: 38921819 PMCID: PMC11206709 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is undoubtedly one of the most serious global health threats. One response to this threat that has been gaining momentum over the past decade is 'phage therapy'. According to this, lytic bacteriophages are used for the treatment of bacterial infections, either alone or in combination with antimicrobial agents. However, to ensure the efficacy and broad applicability of phage therapy, several challenges must be overcome. These challenges encompass the development of methods and strategies for the host range manipulation and bypass of the resistance mechanisms developed by pathogenic bacteria, as has been the case since the advent of antibiotics. As our knowledge and understanding of the interactions between phages and their hosts evolves, the key issue is to define the host range for each application. In this article, we discuss the factors that affect host range and how this determines the classification of phages into different categories of action. For each host range group, recent representative examples are provided, together with suggestions on how the different groups can be used to combat certain types of bacterial infections. The available methodologies for host range expansion, either through sequential adaptation to a new pathogen or through genetic engineering techniques, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Bozidis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Eleftheria Markou
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Athanasia Gouni
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Konstantina Gartzonika
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
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6
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Mettu R, Cheng YY, Vulupala HR, Lih YH, Chen CY, Hsu MH, Lo HJ, Liao KS, Chiu CH, Wu CY. Chemical Synthesis of Truncated Capsular Oligosaccharide of Serotypes 6C and 6D of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Their Immunological Studies. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2161-2171. [PMID: 38770797 PMCID: PMC11184553 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Serotypes 6C and 6D of Streptococcus pneumoniae are two major variants that cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in serogroup 6 alongside serotypes 6A and 6B. Since the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV7 and PCV13, the number of cases of IPD caused by pneumococcus in children and the elderly population has greatly decreased. However, with the widespread use of vaccines, a replacement effect has recently been observed among different serotypes and lowered the effectiveness of the vaccines. To investigate protection against the original serotypes and to explore protection against variants and replacement serotypes, we created a library of oligosaccharide fragments derived from the repeating units of the capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D through chemical synthesis. The library includes nine pseudosaccharides with or without exposed terminal phosphate groups and four pseudotetrasaccharides bridged by phosphate groups. Six carbohydrate antigens related to 6C and 6D were prepared as glycoprotein vaccines for immunogenicity studies. Two 6A and two 6B glycoconjugate vaccines from previous studies were included in immunogenicity studies. We found that the conjugates containing four phosphate-bridged pseudotetrasaccharides were able to induce good immune antibodies and cross-immunogenicity by showing superior activity and broad cross-protective activity in OPKA bactericidal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hanmanth Reddy Vulupala
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lih
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Hsu
- Molecular
Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259 Wenhua First Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jay Lo
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular
Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259 Wenhua First Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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7
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Abbas A, Barkhouse A, Hackenberger D, Wright GD. Antibiotic resistance: A key microbial survival mechanism that threatens public health. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:837-851. [PMID: 38870900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, challenging the effectiveness of antibiotics in combating bacterial infections. AMR also represents one of the most crucial survival traits evolved by bacteria. Antibiotics emerged hundreds of millions of years ago as advantageous secondary metabolites produced by microbes. Consequently, AMR is equally ancient and hardwired into the genetic fabric of bacteria. Human use of antibiotics for disease treatment has created selection pressure that spurs the evolution of new resistance mechanisms and the mobilization of existing ones through bacterial populations in the environment, animals, and humans. This integrated web of resistance elements is genetically complex and mechanistically diverse. Addressing this mode of bacterial survival requires innovation and investment to ensure continued use of antibiotics in the future. Strategies ranging from developing new therapies to applying artificial intelligence in monitoring AMR and discovering new drugs are being applied to manage the growing AMR crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Abbas
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Barkhouse
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk Hackenberger
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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8
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Sagmeister T, Gubensäk N, Buhlheller C, Grininger C, Eder M, Ðordić A, Millán C, Medina A, Murcia PAS, Berni F, Hynönen U, Vejzović D, Damisch E, Kulminskaya N, Petrowitsch L, Oberer M, Palva A, Malanović N, Codée J, Keller W, Usón I, Pavkov-Keller T. The molecular architecture of Lactobacillus S-layer: Assembly and attachment to teichoic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401686121. [PMID: 38838019 PMCID: PMC11181022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401686121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
S-layers are crystalline arrays found on bacterial and archaeal cells. Lactobacillus is a diverse family of bacteria known especially for potential gut health benefits. This study focuses on the S-layer proteins from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus amylovorus common in the mammalian gut. Atomic resolution structures of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins SlpA and SlpX exhibit domain swapping, and the obtained assembly model of the main S-layer protein SlpA aligns well with prior electron microscopy and mutagenesis data. The S-layer's pore size suggests a protective role, with charged areas aiding adhesion. A highly similar domain organization and interaction network are observed across the Lactobacillus genus. Interaction studies revealed conserved binding areas specific for attachment to teichoic acids. The structure of the SlpA S-layer and the suggested incorporation of SlpX as well as its interaction with teichoic acids lay the foundation for deciphering its role in immune responses and for developing effective treatments for a variety of infectious and bacteria-mediated inflammation processes, opening opportunities for targeted engineering of the S-layer or lactobacilli bacteria in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Sagmeister
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Nina Gubensäk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | | | | | - Markus Eder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Anđela Ðordić
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Ana Medina
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Pedro Alejandro Sánchez Murcia
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Francesca Berni
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden2333, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Hynönen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Djenana Vejzović
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Elisabeth Damisch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | | | - Lukas Petrowitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Nermina Malanović
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Jeroen Codée
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden2333, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
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9
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Kaneko K, Mieda M, Jiang Y, Takahashi N, Kakeya H. Tumescenamide C, a cyclic lipodepsipeptide from Streptomyces sp. KUSC_F05, exerts antimicrobial activity against the scab-forming actinomycete Streptomyces scabiei. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:353-364. [PMID: 38523145 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of tumescenamide C against the scab-forming S. scabiei NBRC13768 was confirmed with a potent IC50 value (1.5 μg/mL). Three tumescenamide C-resistant S. scabiei strains were generated to compare their gene variants. All three resistant strains contained nonsynonymous variants in genes related to cellobiose/cellotriose transport system components; cebF1, cebF2, and cebG2, which are responsible for the production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A. Decrease in thaxtomin A production and the virulence of the three resistant strains were revealed by the LC/MS analysis and necrosis assay, respectively. Although the nonsynonymous variants were insufficient for identifying the molecular target of tumescenamide C, the cell wall component wall teichoic acid (WTA) was observed to bind significantly to tumescenamide C. Moreover, changes in the WTA contents were detected in the tumescenamide C-resistant strains. These results imply that tumescenamide C targets the cell wall system to exert antimicrobial effects on S. scabiei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kaneko
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Hachinohe College of Technology, Aomori, 039-1192, Japan
| | - Marika Mieda
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yulu Jiang
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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10
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Gu G, Hou X, Xue M, Pan X, Dong J, Yang Y, Amuzu P, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Diphenyl ethers from endophytic fungus Rhexocercosporidium sp. Dzf14 and their antibacterial activity by affecting homeostasis of cell membranes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2658-2667. [PMID: 38284314 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytopathogenic bacteria cause severe losses to crops every year. The management of crop bacterial diseases with chemical agents has been considered as the main strategy. In order to cope with the bactericide resistance made by the pathogens, new antibacterials need to be continuously developed. RESULTS A chemical investigation from the endophytic fungus Rhexocercosporidium sp. Dzf14 has led to the isolation of 12 diphenyl ethers including two new ones named rhexocerin E (1) and rhexocercosporin G (2), along with two new depsides named rhexocerdepsides A (3) and B (4). The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical ECD calculations. Diphenyl ethers showed obviously antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria. The structure-activity relationship of diphenyl ethers revealed that prenylation was critical to the antibacterial activity. Among them, rhexocercosporin D (12) possessed the strongest activity against Clavibacter michiganensis and Bacillus subtilis, and was selected for further mechanistic studies. It was found that rhexocercosporin D displayed bactericidal activity by affecting homeostasis of cell membranes. In addition to its rapid bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria, rhexocercosporin D could restore the susceptibility against Gram-negative Agrobacterium tumefaciens by synergistic action with colistin. CONCLUSION Twelve diphenyl ethers and two depsides were isolated from endophytic fungus Rhexocercosporidium sp. Dzf14. Isopentenyl was critical for diphenyl ethers against Gram-positive bacteria. Rhexocercosporin D could affect homeostasis of bacterial cell membrane to exert rapid bactericidal activity. These findings highlight the antibacterial potential of the diphenyl ethers in crop bacterial disease management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Hou
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Xue
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Pan
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Prosper Amuzu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Kuru-Yaşar R, Üstün-Aytekin Ö. The Crucial Roles of Diet, Microbiota, and Postbiotics in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:126-151. [PMID: 38483752 PMCID: PMC11133122 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the world, and its prevalence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. After researchers discovered the existence of dysbiosis in colorectal cancer, they considered the use of probiotics in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, for various reasons, including the low safety profile of probiotics in susceptible and immunocompromised patient5s, and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, researchers have shifted their focus to non-living cells, their components, and metabolites. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on the effects of diet, microbiota, and postbiotics on colorectal cancer and the future of postbiotics. RECENT FINDINGS The link between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer has been established primarily as a relationship rather than a cause-effect relationship. The gut microbiota can convert gastrointestinal tract and dietary factors into either onco-metabolites or tumor suppressor metabolites. There is serious dysbiosis in the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Postbiotics appear to be promising agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been shown that various postbiotics can selectively induce apoptosis in CRC, inhibit cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and migration, modulate the immune system, suppress carcinogenic signaling pathways, maintain intestinal epithelial integrity, and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs. However, it is also reported that some postbiotics are ineffective and may be risky in terms of safety profile in some patients. Many issues need to be researched about postbiotics. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya Kuru-Yaşar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Üstün-Aytekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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12
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Shashkov AS, Potekhina NV, Tul'skaya EM, Dmitrenok AS, Senchenkova SN, Torgov VI, Dorofeeva LV, Evtushenko LI. New lactate- and pyruvate-containing polysaccharide and rhamnomannan with xylose residues from the cell wall of Rathayibacter oskolensis VKM Ac-2121 T. Carbohydr Res 2024; 540:109145. [PMID: 38759341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall of endophytic strain Rathayibacter oskolensis VKM Ac-2121T (family Microbacteriaceae, class Actinomycetes) was found to contain neutral and acidic glycopolymers. The neutral polymer is a block-type rhamnomannan partially should be substitutied by xylose residues, [→2)-α-[β-D-Xylp-(1 → 3)]-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Rhap-(1→]∼30 [→2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Rhap-(1→]∼45. The acidic polymer has branched chain, bearing lactate and pyruvate residues, →4)-α-D-[S-Lac-(2-3)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3)]-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-D-[4,6-R-Pyr]-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 →. The structures of both glycopolymers were not described in the Gram-positive bacteria to date. The glycopolymers were studied by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The results of this study provide new data on diversity of bacterial glycopolymers and may prove useful in the taxonomy of the genus Rathayibacter and for understanding the molecular mechanisms of interaction between plants and plant endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Potekhina
- School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena M Tul'skaya
- School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Torgov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov V Dorofeeva
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila I Evtushenko
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russian Federation
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13
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Jastrab JB, Kagan JC. Strategies of bacterial detection by inflammasomes. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:835-850. [PMID: 38636521 PMCID: PMC11103797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian innate immunity is regulated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and guard proteins, which use distinct strategies to detect infections. PRRs detect bacterial molecules directly, whereas guards detect host cell manipulations by microbial virulence factors. Despite sensing infection through different mechanisms, both classes of innate immune sensors can activate the inflammasome, an immune complex that can mediate cell death and inflammation. Inflammasome-mediated immune responses are crucial for host defense against many bacterial pathogens and prevent invasion by non-pathogenic organisms. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which inflammasomes are stimulated by PRRs and guards during bacterial infection, and the strategies used by virulent bacteria to evade inflammasome-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Jastrab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Hussein M, Mahboob MBH, Tait JR, Grace JL, Montembault V, Fontaine L, Quinn JF, Velkov T, Whittaker MR, Landersdorfer CB. Providing insight into the mechanism of action of cationic lipidated oligomers using metabolomics. mSystems 2024; 9:e0009324. [PMID: 38606960 PMCID: PMC11097639 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of clinically relevant microbes against current commercially available antimicrobials underpins the urgent need for alternative and novel treatment strategies. Cationic lipidated oligomers (CLOs) are innovative alternatives to antimicrobial peptides and have reported antimicrobial potential. An understanding of their antimicrobial mechanism of action is required to rationally design future treatment strategies for CLOs, either in monotherapy or synergistic combinations. In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the potential metabolic pathways involved in the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of one CLO, C12-o-(BG-D)-10, which we have previously shown to be effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. The metabolomes of MRSA ATCC 43300 at 1, 3, and 6 h following treatment with C12-o-(BG-D)-10 (48 µg/mL, i.e., 3× MIC) were compared to those of the untreated controls. Our findings reveal that the studied CLO, C12-o-(BG-D)-10, disorganized the bacterial membrane as the first step toward its antimicrobial effect, as evidenced by marked perturbations in the bacterial membrane lipids and peptidoglycan biosynthesis observed at early time points, i.e., 1 and 3 h. Central carbon metabolism and the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, and arginine were also vigorously perturbed, mainly at early time points. Moreover, bacterial cells were under osmotic and oxidative stress across all time points, as evident by perturbations of trehalose biosynthesis and pentose phosphate shunt. Overall, this metabolomics study has, for the first time, revealed that the antimicrobial action of C12-o-(BG-D)-10 may potentially stem from the dysregulation of multiple metabolic pathways.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Novel anti-infective therapeutics are urgently needed to combat drug-resistant microorganisms. Cationic lipidated oligomers (CLOs) show promise as new antibacterial agents against Gram-positive pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Understanding their molecular mechanism(s) of antimicrobial action may help design synergistic CLO treatments along with monotherapy. Here, we describe the first metabolomics study to investigate the killing mechanism(s) of CLOs against MRSA. The results of our study indicate that the CLO, C12-o-(BG-D)-10, had a notable impact on the biosynthesis and organization of the bacterial cell envelope. C12-o-(BG-D)-10 also inhibits arginine, histidine, central carbon metabolism, and trehalose production, adding to its antibacterial characteristics. This work illuminates the unique mechanism of action of C12-o-(BG-D)-10 and opens an avenue to design innovative antibacterial oligomers/polymers for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maytham Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hassan Mahboob
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Tait
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James L. Grace
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - John F. Quinn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Zheng Y, Cai Y, Sun T, Li G, An T. Response mechanisms of resistance in L-form bacteria to different target antibiotics: Implications from oxidative stress to metabolism. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108729. [PMID: 38735077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Due to the specific action on bacterial cell wall, β-lactam antibiotics have gained widespread usage as they exhibit a high degree of specificity in targeting bacteria, but causing minimal toxicity to host cells. Under antibiotic pressure, bacteria may opt to shed their cell walls and transform into L-form state as a means to evade the antibiotic effects. In this study, we explored and identified diverse optimal conditions for both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli DH5α (CTX)) and Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis ATCC6633), which were induced to L-form bacteria using lysozyme (0.5 ppm) and meropenem (64 ppm). Notably, when bacteria transformed into L-form state, both bacterial strains showed varying degrees of increased resistance to antibiotics polymyxin E, meropenem, rifampicin, and tetracycline. E. coli DH5α (CTX) exhibited the most significant enhancement in resistance to tetracycline, with a 128-fold increase, while B. subtilis ATCC6633 showed a 32-fold increase in resistance to tetracycline and polymyxin E. Furthermore, L-form bacteria maintained their normal metabolic activity, combined with enhanced oxidative stress, served as an adaptive strategy promoting the sustained survival of L-form bacteria. This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehending antibiotic resistance mechanisms, developing innovative treatment strategies, and confronting global antibiotic resistance challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Zheng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Brignoli T, Spinsanti M, Laabei M, Duggan S. Editorial: Bacterial surface polymers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1415799. [PMID: 38725450 PMCID: PMC11079282 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1415799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarcisio Brignoli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maisem Laabei
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Seána Duggan
- The Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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17
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Manimaran M, Teo YY, Kah JCY, Beishenaliev A, Loke YL, Foo YY, Ng SF, Chee CF, Chin SP, Faruqu FN, Chang CY, Misran M, Chung LY, Leo BF, Chiou SH, Chang CC, Tay ST, Kiew LV. PDADMAC/Alginate-Coated Gold Nanorod For Eradication of Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3697-3714. [PMID: 38681091 PMCID: PMC11055529 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over 75% of clinical microbiological infections are caused by bacterial biofilms that grow on wounds or implantable medical devices. This work describes the development of a new poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/alginate-coated gold nanorod (GNR/Alg/PDADMAC) that effectively disintegrates the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a prominent pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. Methods GNR was synthesised via seed-mediated growth method, and the resulting nanoparticles were coated first with Alg and then PDADMAC. FTIR, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis were performed to characterise the nanoparticles. The efficacy and speed of the non-coated GNR and GNR/Alg/PDADMAC in disintegrating S. aureus-preformed biofilms, as well as their in vitro biocompatibility (L929 murine fibroblast) were then studied. Results The synthesised GNR/Alg/PDADMAC (mean length: 55.71 ± 1.15 nm, mean width: 23.70 ± 1.13 nm, aspect ratio: 2.35) was biocompatible and potent in eradicating preformed biofilms of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) when compared to triclosan, an antiseptic used for disinfecting S. aureus colonisation on abiotic surfaces in the hospital. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of GNR/Alg/PDADMAC (MBEC50 for MRSA biofilm = 0.029 nM; MBEC50 for MSSA biofilm = 0.032 nM) were significantly lower than those of triclosan (MBEC50 for MRSA biofilm = 10,784 nM; MBEC50 for MRSA biofilm 5967 nM). Moreover, GNR/Alg/PDADMAC was effective in eradicating 50% of MRSA and MSSA biofilms within 17 min when used at a low concentration (0.15 nM), similar to triclosan at a much higher concentration (50 µM). Disintegration of MRSA and MSSA biofilms was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Conclusion These findings support the potential application of GNR/Alg/PDADMAC as an alternative agent to conventional antiseptics and antibiotics for the eradication of medically important MRSA and MSSA biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarmugila Manimaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adilet Beishenaliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yean Leng Loke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sek Peng Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farid Nazer Faruqu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Zhong Q, Liao B, Liu J, Shen W, Wang J, Wei L, Ma Y, Dong PT, Bor B, McLean JS, Chang Y, Shi W, Cen L, Wu M, Liu J, Li Y, He X, Le S. Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria TM7x modulates the susceptibility of its host bacteria to phage infection and promotes their coexistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319790121. [PMID: 38593079 PMCID: PMC11032452 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319790121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) play critical roles in modulating microbial ecology. Within the human microbiome, the factors influencing the long-term coexistence of phages and bacteria remain poorly investigated. Saccharibacteria (formerly TM7) are ubiquitous members of the human oral microbiome. These ultrasmall bacteria form episymbiotic relationships with their host bacteria and impact their physiology. Here, we showed that during surface-associated growth, a human oral Saccharibacteria isolate (named TM7x) protects its host bacterium, a Schaalia odontolytica strain (named XH001) against lytic phage LC001 predation. RNA-Sequencing analysis identified in XH001 a gene cluster with predicted functions involved in the biogenesis of cell wall polysaccharides (CWP), whose expression is significantly down-regulated when forming a symbiosis with TM7x. Through genetic work, we experimentally demonstrated the impact of the expression of this CWP gene cluster on bacterial-phage interaction by affecting phage binding. In vitro coevolution experiments further showed that the heterogeneous populations of TM7x-associated and TM7x-free XH001, which display differential susceptibility to LC001 predation, promote bacteria and phage coexistence. Our study highlights the tripartite interaction between the bacterium, episymbiont, and phage. More importantly, we present a mechanism, i.e., episymbiont-mediated modulation of gene expression in host bacteria, which impacts their susceptibility to phage predation and contributes to the formation of "source-sink" dynamics between phage and bacteria in biofilm, promoting their long-term coexistence within the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, China
| | - Jiazhen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing401336, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Leilei Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Yansong Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University, Beijing100050, China
| | - Pu-Ting Dong
- Department of Microbiology, The American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Batbileg Bor
- Department of Microbiology, The American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jeffrey S. McLean
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98119
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Yunjie Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
- Department of Infectious Disease of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Department of Microbiology, The American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Lujia Cen
- Department of Microbiology, The American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, China
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
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19
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Zhang K, Paul K, Jacobs JP, Cockburn MG, Bronstein JM, Del Rosario I, Ritz B. Ambient long-term exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and the human gut microbiome: an observational study. Environ Health 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38627687 PMCID: PMC11020204 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OP) have been associated with various human health conditions. Animal experiments and in-vitro models suggested that OP may also affect the gut microbiota. We examined associations between ambient chronic exposure to OP and gut microbial changes in humans. METHODS We recruited 190 participants from a community-based epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease living in a region known for heavy agricultural pesticide use in California. Of these, 61% of participants had Parkinson's disease and their mean age was 72 years. Microbiome and predicted metagenome data were generated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. Ambient long-term OP exposures were assessed using pesticide application records combined with residential addresses in a geographic information system. We examined gut microbiome differences due to OP exposures, specifically differences in microbial diversity based on the Shannon index and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities, and differential taxa abundance and predicted Metacyc pathway expression relying on regression models and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS OP exposure was not associated with alpha or beta diversity of the gut microbiome. However, the predicted metagenome was sparser and less evenly expressed among those highly exposed to OP (p = 0.04). Additionally, we found that the abundance of two bacterial families, 22 genera, and the predicted expression of 34 Metacyc pathways were associated with long-term OP exposure. These pathways included perturbed processes related to cellular respiration, increased biosynthesis and degradation of compounds related to bacterial wall structure, increased biosynthesis of RNA/DNA precursors, and decreased synthesis of Vitamin B1 and B6. CONCLUSION In support of previous animal studies and in-vitro findings, our results suggest that ambient chronic OP pesticide exposure alters gut microbiome composition and its predicted metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Paul
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myles G Cockburn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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20
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Hsu TW, Fang JM. Advances and prospects of analytic methods for bacterial transglycosylation and inhibitor discovery. Analyst 2024; 149:2204-2222. [PMID: 38517346 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall is essential for bacteria to maintain structural rigidity and withstand external osmotic pressure. In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. Lipid II is the basic unit for constructing highly cross-linked peptidoglycan scaffolds. Transglycosylase (TGase) is the initiating enzyme in peptidoglycan synthesis that catalyzes the ligation of lipid II moieties into repeating GlcNAc-MurNAc polysaccharides, followed by transpeptidation to generate cross-linked structures. In addition to the transglycosylases in the class-A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs), SEDS (shape, elongation, division and sporulation) proteins are also present in most bacteria and play vital roles in cell wall renewal, elongation, and division. In this review, we focus on the latest analytical methods including the use of radioactive labeling, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fluorescence labeling, probing undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, fluorescence anisotropy, ligand-binding-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and surface plasmon resonance to evaluate TGase activity in cell wall formation. This review also covers the discovery of TGase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents. We hope that this review will give readers a better understanding of the chemistry and basic research for the development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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21
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Beck C, Krusche J, Notaro A, Walter A, Kränkel L, Vollert A, Stemmler R, Wittmann J, Schaller M, Slavetinsky C, Mayer C, De Castro C, Peschel A. Wall teichoic acid substitution with glucose governs phage susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis. mBio 2024; 15:e0199023. [PMID: 38470054 PMCID: PMC11005348 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01990-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The species- and clone-specific susceptibility of Staphylococcus cells for bacteriophages is governed by the structures and glycosylation patterns of wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers. The glycosylation-dependent phage-WTA interactions in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have remained unknown. We report a new S. epidermidis WTA glycosyltransferase TagE whose deletion confers resistance to siphoviruses such as ΦE72 but enables binding of otherwise unbound podoviruses. S. epidermidis glycerolphosphate WTA was found to be modified with glucose in a tagE-dependent manner. TagE is encoded together with the enzymes PgcA and GtaB providing uridine diphosphate-activated glucose. ΦE72 transduced several other CoNS species encoding TagE homologs, suggesting that WTA glycosylation via TagE is a frequent trait among CoNS that permits interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Our study unravels a crucial mechanism of phage-Staphylococcus interaction and horizontal gene transfer, and it will help in the design of anti-staphylococcal phage therapies.IMPORTANCEPhages are highly specific for certain bacterial hosts, and some can transduce DNA even across species boundaries. How phages recognize cognate host cells remains incompletely understood. Phages infecting members of the genus Staphylococcus bind to wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers with highly variable structures and glycosylation patterns. How WTA is glycosylated in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species has remained unknown. We describe that S. epidermidis glycosylates its WTA backbone with glucose, and we identify a cluster of three genes responsible for glucose activation and transfer to WTA. Their inactivation strongly alters phage susceptibility patterns, yielding resistance to siphoviruses but susceptibility to podoviruses. Many different CoNS species with related glycosylation genes can exchange DNA via siphovirus ΦE72, suggesting that glucose-modified WTA is crucial for interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Our finding will help to develop antibacterial phage therapies and unravel routes of genetic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beck
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janes Krusche
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Notaro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Axel Walter
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lara Kränkel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anneli Vollert
- Electron-Microscopy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regine Stemmler
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute, DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Electron-Microscopy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Slavetinsky
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Roney IJ, Rudner DZ. Bacillus subtilis uses the SigM signaling pathway to prioritize the use of its lipid carrier for cell wall synthesis. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002589. [PMID: 38683856 PMCID: PMC11081497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) and most surface glycopolymers and their modifications are built in the cytoplasm on the lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate (UndP). These lipid-linked precursors are then flipped across the membrane and polymerized or directly transferred to surface polymers, lipids, or proteins. Despite its essential role in envelope biogenesis, UndP is maintained at low levels in the cytoplasmic membrane. The mechanisms by which bacteria distribute this limited resource among competing pathways is currently unknown. Here, we report that the Bacillus subtilis transcription factor SigM and its membrane-anchored anti-sigma factor respond to UndP levels and prioritize its use for the synthesis of the only essential surface polymer, the cell wall. Antibiotics that target virtually every step in PG synthesis activate SigM-directed gene expression, confounding identification of the signal and the logic of this stress-response pathway. Through systematic analyses, we discovered 2 distinct responses to these antibiotics. Drugs that trap UndP, UndP-linked intermediates, or precursors trigger SigM release from the membrane in <2 min, rapidly activating transcription. By contrasts, antibiotics that inhibited cell wall synthesis without directly affecting UndP induce SigM more slowly. We show that activation in the latter case can be explained by the accumulation of UndP-linked wall teichoic acid precursors that cannot be transferred to the PG due to the block in its synthesis. Furthermore, we report that reduction in UndP synthesis rapidly induces SigM, while increasing UndP production can dampen the SigM response. Finally, we show that SigM becomes essential for viability when the availability of UndP is restricted. Altogether, our data support a model in which the SigM pathway functions to homeostatically control UndP usage. When UndP levels are sufficiently high, the anti-sigma factor complex holds SigM inactive. When levels of UndP are reduced, SigM activates genes that increase flux through the PG synthesis pathway, boost UndP recycling, and liberate the lipid carrier from nonessential surface polymer pathways. Analogous homeostatic pathways that prioritize UndP usage are likely to be common in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Roney
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Z. Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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23
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Da Silva C, Lamarche C, Pichereaux C, Mouton-Barbosa E, Demol G, Boisne S, Dague E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pillet F, Rols MP. Bacterial eradication by a low-energy pulsed electron beam generator. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108593. [PMID: 37995503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy electron beams (LEEB) are a safe and practical sterilization solution for in-line industrial applications, such as sterilizing medical products. However, their low dose rate induces product degradation, and the limited maximal energy prohibits high-throughput applications. To address this, we developed a low-energy 'pulsed' electron beam generator (LEPEB) and evaluated its efficacy and mechanism of action. Bacillus pumilus vegetative cells and spores were irradiated with a 250 keV LEPEB system at a 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency and a pulse duration of only 10 ns. This produced highly efficient bacterial inactivation at a rate of >6 log10, the level required for sterilization in industrial applications, with only two pulses for vegetative bacteria (20 ms) and eight pulses for spores (80 ms). LEPEB induced no morphological or structural defects, but decreased cell wall hydrophobicity in vegetative cells, which may inhibit biofilm formation. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks and pyrimidine dimer formation were also observed, likely causing cell death. Together, the unique combination of high dose rate and nanosecond delivery of LEPEB enable effective and high-throughput bacterial eradication for direct integration into production lines in a wide range of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Da Silva
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lamarche
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; ITHPP-Alcen, Hameau de Drèle, Thégra, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, AIB, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavien Pillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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24
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Zuke JD, Burton BM. From isotopically labeled DNA to fluorescently labeled dynamic pili: building a mechanistic model of DNA transport to the cytoplasmic membrane. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0012523. [PMID: 38466096 PMCID: PMC10966944 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00125-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYNatural competence, the physiological state wherein bacteria produce proteins that mediate extracellular DNA transport into the cytosol and the subsequent recombination of DNA into the genome, is conserved across the bacterial domain. DNA must successfully translocate across formidable permeability barriers during import, including the cell membrane(s) and the cell wall, that are normally impermeable to large DNA polymers. This review will examine the mechanisms underlying DNA transport from the extracellular space to the cytoplasmic membrane. First, the challenges inherent to DNA movement through the cell periphery will be discussed to provide context for DNA transport during natural competence. The following sections will trace the development of a comprehensive model for DNA translocation to the cytoplasmic membrane, highlighting the crucial studies performed over the last century that have contributed to building contemporary DNA import models. Finally, this review will conclude by reflecting on what is still unknown about the process and the possible solutions to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Zuke
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Briana M. Burton
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Payen S, Giroux MC, Gisch N, Schombel U, Fittipaldi N, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Lipoteichoic acids influence cell shape and bacterial division of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, but play a limited role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Vet Res 2024; 55:34. [PMID: 38504299 PMCID: PMC10953176 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis in both swine and humans, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of infection and the role of bacterial cell wall components in virulence have not been fully elucidated. Lipoproteins, peptidoglycan, as well as lipoteichoic acids (LTA) have all been proposed to contribute to virulence. In the present study, the role of the LTA in the pathogenesis of the infection was evaluated through the characterisation of a mutant of the S. suis serotype 2 strain P1/7 lacking the LtaS enzyme, which mediates the polymerization of the LTA poly-glycerolphosphate chain. The ltaS mutant was confirmed to completely lack LTA and displayed significant morphological defects. Although the bacterial growth of this mutant was not affected, further results showed that LTA is involved in maintaining S. suis bacterial fitness. However, its role in the pathogenesis of the infection appears limited. Indeed, LTA presence reduces self-agglutination, biofilm formation and even dendritic cell activation, which are important aspects of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. In addition, it does not seem to play a critical role in virulence using a systemic mouse model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servane Payen
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Giroux
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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26
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Heydarian N, Ferrell M, Nair AS, Roedl C, Peng Z, Nguyen TD, Best W, Wozniak KL, Rice CV. Neutralizing Staphylococcus aureus PAMPs that Trigger Cytokine Release from THP-1 Monocytes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10967-10978. [PMID: 38463252 PMCID: PMC10918781 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity has considerable specificity and can discriminate between individual species of microbes. In this regard, pathogens are "seen" as dangerous to the host and elicit an inflammatory response capable of destroying the microbes. This immune discrimination is achieved by toll-like receptors on host cells recognizing pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and microbe-specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA). PAMPs impede wound healing by lengthening the inflammatory phase of healing and contributing to the development of chronic wounds. Preventing PAMPs from triggering the release of inflammatory cytokines will counteract the dysregulation of inflammation. Here, we use ELISA to evaluate the use of cationic molecules branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), PEGylated BPEI (PEG-BPEI), and polymyxin-B to neutralize anionic LTA and lower levels of TNF-α cytokine release from human THP-1 monocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Additional data collected with qPCR shows that BPEI and PEG-BPEI reduce the expression profile of the TNF-α gene. Similar effects are observed for the neutralization of whole-cell S. aureus bacteria. In vitro cytotoxicity data demonstrate that PEGylation lowers the toxicity of PEG-BPEI (IC50 = 2661 μm) compared to BPEI (IC50 = 853 μM) and that both compounds are orders of magnitude less toxic than the cationic antibiotic polymyxin-B (IC50 = 79 μM). Additionally, the LTA neutralization ability of polymyxin-B is less effective than BPEI or PEG-BPEI. These properties of BPEI and PEG-BPEI expand their utility beyond disabling antibiotic resistance mechanisms and disrupting S. aureus biofilms, providing additional justification for developing these agents as wound healing therapeutics. The multiple mechanisms of action for BPEI and PEG-BPEI are superior to current wound treatment strategies that have a single modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Heydarian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Maya Ferrell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Ayesha S. Nair
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 307 Life Sciences East, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Chase Roedl
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zongkai Peng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Tra D. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - William Best
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Karen L. Wozniak
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 307 Life Sciences East, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Charles V. Rice
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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27
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Wang X, Wang D, Lu H, Wang X, Wang X, Su J, Xia G. Strategies to Promote the Journey of Nanoparticles Against Biofilm-Associated Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305988. [PMID: 38178276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are one of the most challenging healthcare threats for humans, accounting for 80% of bacterial infections, leading to persistent and chronic infections. The conventional antibiotics still face their dilemma of poor therapeutic effects due to the high tolerance and resistance led by bacterial biofilm barriers. Nanotechnology-based antimicrobials, nanoparticles (NPs), are paid attention extensively and considered as promising alternative. This review focuses on the whole journey of NPs against biofilm-associated infections, and to clarify it clearly, the journey is divided into four processes in sequence as 1) Targeting biofilms, 2) Penetrating biofilm barrier, 3) Attaching to bacterial cells, and 4) Translocating through bacterial cell envelope. Through outlining the compositions and properties of biofilms and bacteria cells, recent advances and present the strategies of each process are comprehensively discussed to combat biofilm-associated infections, as well as the combined strategies against these infections with drug resistance, aiming to guide the rational design and facilitate wide application of NPs in biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Su
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
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Hari A, Zarrabi A, Lobo D. mergem: merging, comparing, and translating genome-scale metabolic models using universal identifiers. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae010. [PMID: 38312936 PMCID: PMC10836943 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous methods exist to produce and refine genome-scale metabolic models. However, due to the use of incompatible identifier systems for metabolites and reactions, computing and visualizing the metabolic differences and similarities of such models is a current challenge. Furthermore, there is a lack of automated tools that can combine the strengths of multiple reconstruction pipelines into a curated single comprehensive model by merging different drafts, which possibly use incompatible namespaces. Here we present mergem, a novel method to compare, merge, and translate two or more metabolic models. Using a universal metabolic identifier mapping system constructed from multiple metabolic databases, mergem robustly can compare models from different pipelines, merge their common elements, and translate their identifiers to other database systems. mergem is implemented as a command line tool, a Python package, and on the web-application Fluxer, which allows simulating and visually comparing multiple models with different interactive flux graphs. The ability to merge, compare, and translate diverse genome scale metabolic models can facilitate the curation of comprehensive reconstructions and the discovery of unique and common metabolic features among different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Hari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Arveen Zarrabi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Czajkowski R, Krzyżanowska DM, Sokolova D, Rąbalski Ł, Kosiński M, Jafra S, Królicka A. Genetic Loci of Plant Pathogenic Dickeya solani IPO 2222 Expressed in Contact with Weed-Host Bittersweet Nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara L.) Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2794. [PMID: 38474041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dickeya solani, belonging to the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae, are aggressive necrotrophs, exhibiting both a wide geographic distribution and a wide host range that includes many angiosperm orders, both dicot and monocot plants, cultivated under all climatic conditions. Little is known about the infection strategies D. solani employs to infect hosts other than potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Our earlier study identified D. solani Tn5 mutants induced exclusively by the presence of the weed host S. dulcamara. The current study assessed the identity and virulence contribution of the selected genes mutated by the Tn5 insertions and induced by the presence of S. dulcamara. These genes encode proteins with functions linked to polyketide antibiotics and polysaccharide synthesis, membrane transport, stress response, and sugar and amino acid metabolism. Eight of these genes, encoding UvrY (GacA), tRNA guanosine transglycosylase Tgt, LPS-related WbeA, capsular biosynthesis protein VpsM, DltB alanine export protein, glycosyltransferase, putative transcription regulator YheO/PAS domain-containing protein, and a hypothetical protein, were required for virulence on S. dulcamara plants. The implications of D. solani interaction with a weed host, S. dulcamara, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Czajkowski
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota M Krzyżanowska
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Daryna Sokolova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148 Academika Zabolotnoho St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Łukasz Rąbalski
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Kosiński
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
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Ibrahim AM, Azam MS, Schneewind O, Missiakas D. Processing of LtaS restricts LTA assembly and YSIRK preprotein trafficking into Staphylococcus aureus cross-walls. mBio 2024; 15:e0285223. [PMID: 38174934 PMCID: PMC10865820 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02852-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Septal membranes of Staphylococcus aureus serve as the site of secretion for precursors endowed with the YSIRK motif. Depletion of ltaS, a gene required for lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthesis, results in the loss of restricted trafficking of YSIRK precursors to septal membranes. Here, we seek to understand the mechanism that ties LTA assembly and trafficking of YSIRK precursors. We confirm that catalytically inactive lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS)T300A does not support YSIRK precursor trafficking to septa. We hypothesize that the enzyme's reactants [gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol (Glc2-DAG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)] or products [LTA and diacylglycerol (DAG)], not LtaS, must drive this process. Indeed, we observe that septal secretion of the staphylococcal protein A YSIRK precursor is lost in ypfP and ltaA mutants that produce glycerophosphate polymers [poly(Gro-P)] without the Glc2-DAG lipid anchor. These mutants display longer poly(Gro-P) chains, implying enhanced PG consumption and DAG production. Our experiments also reveal that in the absence of Glc2-DAG, the processing of LtaS to the extracellular catalytic domain, eLtaS, is impaired. Conversely, LTA polymerization is delayed in a strain producing LtaSS218P, a variant processed more slowly than LtaS. We conclude that Glc2-DAG binding to the enzyme couples catalysis by LtaS and the physical release of eLtaS. We propose a model for the temporal and localized assembly of LTA into cross-walls. When LtaS is not processed in a timely manner, eLtaS no longer diffuses upon daughter cell splitting, LTA assembly continues, and the unique septal-lipid pool, PG over DAG ratio, is not established. This results in profound physiological changes in S. aureus cells, including the inability to restrict the secretion of YSIRK precursors at septal membranes.IMPORTANCEIn Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan is assembled at the septum. Dedicated cell division proteins coordinate septal formation and the fission of daughter cells. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) assembly and trafficking of preproteins with a YSIRK motif also occur at the septum. This begs the question as to whether cell division components also recruit these two pathways. This study shows that the processing of lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) to extracellular LtaS by signal peptidase is regulated by gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol (Glc2-DAG), the priming substrate for LTA assembly. A model is proposed whereby a key substrate controls the temporal and spatial activity of an enzyme. In turn, this mechanism enables the establishment of a unique and transient lipid pool that defines septal membranes as a targeting site for the secretion of YSIRK preproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Arish, Egypt
| | - Muhammad S. Azam
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Olaf Schneewind
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois, USA
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Zhang X, Ma P, Ismail BB, Yang Z, Zou Z, Suo Y, Ye X, Liu D, Guo M. Chickpea-Derived Modified Antimicrobial Peptides KTA and KTR Inactivate Staphylococcus aureus via Disrupting Cell Membrane and Interfering with Peptidoglycan Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2727-2740. [PMID: 38289163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The widespread bacterial contamination caused by foodborne pathogens has continuously driven the development of advanced and potent food antimicrobial agents. In this study, two novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) named KTA and KTR were obtained by modifying a natural AMP, Leg2, from chickpea storage protein legumin hydrolysates. They were further predicted to be stable hydrophobic cationic AMPs of α-helical structure with no hemolytic toxicity by several online servers. Moreover, the AMPs exerted superior antibacterial activity against two representative Staphylococcus aureus strains thanks to the increased hydrophobicity and positive charge, with minimum inhibition concentration value (4.74-7.41 μM) significantly lower than that of Leg2 (>1158.70 μM). Further, this study sought to elucidate the specific antimicrobial mechanism against Gram-positive bacteria. It was found that the electrostatic interactions of the AMPs with peptidoglycan were vital for peptide activity in combating Gram-positive bacteria. Subsequently, the cell membrane of S. aureus cells was irreversibly disrupted by increasing permeability and impairing membrane components, which led to the massive release of intracellular substances and eventual cell death. Overall, this work demonstrated that KTA and KTR were active against Gram-positive bacteria via peptidoglycan targeting and membrane-disruptive mechanisms and paved the way for expanding their application potential to alleviate food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peipei Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Balarabe B Ismail
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhehao Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhipeng Zou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujuan Suo
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gazel D, Akdoğan H, Büyüktaş Manay A, Erinmez M, Zer Y. The potential of therapeutic hyperthermia to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; an in vitro study. J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103812. [PMID: 38447276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious agents, causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most pathogenic bacteria are classified in the group of mesophilic bacteria and the optimal growth temperature of these bacteria changes between 33 and 41 °C. Increased temperature can inhibit bacterial growth and mobility, which in turn, can trigger autolysis and cause cell wall damage. Hyperthermia treatment is defined as a heat-mediated treatment method applied using temperatures higher than body temperature. Nowadays, this treatment method is used especially in the treatment of tumours. Hyperthermia treatment is divided into two groups: mild hyperthermia and ablative or high-temperature hyperthermia. Mild hyperthermia is a therapeutic technique in which tumour tissue is heated above body temperature to produce a physiological or biological effect but is often not aimed at directly causing significant cell death. The goal of this method is to achieve temperatures of 40-45 °C in human tissues for up to 2 h. Hyperthermia can be used in the treatment of infections caused by such bacterial pathogens. In addition, using hyperthermia in combination with antimicrobial drugs may result in synergistic effects and reduce resistance issues. In our study, we used two different temperature levels (37 °C and 45 °C). We assessed growth inhibition, some virulence factors, alteration colony morphologies, and antimicrobial susceptibility for several antibiotics with three methods (Kirby-Bauer, E-test and broth microdilution) under hyperthermia. In the study, we observed that hyperthermia affected the urease enzyme, antibiotic sensitivity levels showed synergy with hyperthermia, and changes occurred in colony diameters and affected bacterial growth. We hypothesise that hyperthermia might be a new therapeutic option for infectious diseases as a sole agent or in combination with different antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gazel
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Akdoğan
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Büyüktaş Manay
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erinmez
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Zer
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Amarasekara NR, Swamy AS, Paudel SK, Jiang W, Li K, Shen C, Zhang Y. Hypervirulent clonal complex (CC) of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce from urban communities. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1307610. [PMID: 38348192 PMCID: PMC10859469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the prevalence and virulome of Listeria in fresh produce distributed in urban communities. Methods A total of 432 fresh produce samples were collected from farmer's markets in Michigan and West Virginia, USA, resulting in 109 pooled samples. Listeria spp. were isolated and L. monocytogenes was subjected to genoserogrouping by PCR and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) were conducted for clonal identification. Results Forty-eight of 109 samples (44.0%) were contaminated with Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a and 4b were recovered from radishes, potatoes, and romaine lettuce. Four clonal complexes (CC) were identified and included hypervirulent CC1 (ST1) and CC4 (ST219) of lineage I as well as CC7 (ST7) and CC11 (ST451) of lineage II. Clones CC4 and CC7 were present in the same romaine lettuce sample. CC1 carried Listeria pathogenicity island LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 whereas CC4 contained LIPI-1, LIPI-3, and LIPI-4. CC7 and CC11 had LIPI-1 only. Discussion Due to previous implication in outbreaks, L. monocytogenes hypervirulent clones in fresh produce pose a public health concern in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Subramanya Swamy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sumit Kumar Paudel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - KaWang Li
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Cangliang Shen
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Gu Z, Hu C, Gan Y, Zhou J, Tian G, Gao L. Role of Microbes in Alleviating Crop Drought Stress: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:384. [PMID: 38337917 PMCID: PMC10857462 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is an annual global phenomenon that has devastating effects on crop production, so numerous studies have been conducted to improve crop drought resistance. Plant-associated microbiota play a crucial role in crop health and growth; however, we have a limited understanding of the key processes involved in microbiome-induced crop adaptation to drought stress. In this review, we summarize the adverse effects of drought stress on crop growth in terms of germination, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, biomass, and yield, with a focus on the response of soil microbial communities to drought stress and plant-microbe interactions under drought stress. Moreover, we review the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying the mitigation effect of microbes on crop drought stress. Finally, we highlight future research directions, including the characterization of specific rhizosphere microbiome species with corresponding root exudates and the efficiency of rhizobacteria inoculants under drought conditions. Such research will advance our understanding of the complex interactions between crops and microbes and improve crop resistance to drought stress through the application of beneficial drought-adaptive microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Gu
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China;
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Yuxin Gan
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Guangli Tian
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Limin Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, Nanjing 210014, China
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Bozsó Z, Lapat V, Ott PG, Móricz ÁM. Disparate Effects of Two Clerodane Diterpenes of Giant Goldenrod ( Solidago gigantea Ait.) on Bacillus spizizenii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1531. [PMID: 38338810 PMCID: PMC10855248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
New substances with antimicrobial properties are needed to successfully treat emerging human, animal, or plant pathogens. Seven clerodane diterpenes, previously isolated from giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) root, were tested against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus spizizenii and Rhodococcus fascians by measuring minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Two of them, Sg3a (a dialdehyde) and Sg6 (solidagoic acid B), were proved to be the most effective and were selected for further study. Bacillus spizizenii was incubated with the two diterpenes for shorter (1 h) or longer (5 h) periods and then subjected to genome-wide transcriptional analyses. Only a limited number of common genes (28 genes) were differentially regulated after each treatment, and these were mainly related to the restoration of cell membrane integrity and to membrane-related transports. Changes in gene activity indicated that, among other things, K+ and Na+ homeostasis, pH and membrane electron transport processes may have been affected. Activated export systems can be involved in the removal of harmful molecules from the bacterial cells. Inhibition of bacterial chemotaxis and flagellar assembly, as well as activation of genes for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, were observed as a general response. Depending on the diterpenes and the duration of the treatments, down-regulation of the protein synthesis-related, oxidative phosphorylation, signal transduction and transcription factor genes was found. In other cases, up-regulation of the genes of oxidation-reduction processes, sporulation and cell wall modification could be detected. Comparison of the effect of diterpenes with the changes induced by different environmental and nutritional conditions revealed several overlapping processes with stress responses. For example, the Sg6 treatment seems to have caused a starvation-like condition. In summary, there were both common and diterpene-specific changes in the transcriptome, and these changes were also dependent on the length of treatments. The results also indicated that Sg6 exerted its effect more slowly than Sg3a, but ultimately its effect was greater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ágnes M. Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó Str. 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (P.G.O.)
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Kelly JJ, Dalesandro BE, Liu Z, Chordia MD, Ongwae GM, Pires MM. Measurement of Accumulation of Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus in Phagosomes of Live Macrophages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313870. [PMID: 38051128 PMCID: PMC10799677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has evolved the ability to persist after uptake into host immune cells. This intracellular niche enables S. aureus to potentially escape host immune responses and survive the lethal actions of antibiotics. While the elevated tolerance of S. aureus to small-molecule antibiotics is likely to be multifactorial, we pose that there may be contributions related to permeation of antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles, which would require translocation across two mammalian bilayers. To empirically test this, we adapted our recently developed permeability assay to determine the accumulation of FDA-approved antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles of live macrophages. Bioorthogonal reactive handles were metabolically anchored within the surface of S. aureus, and complementary tags were chemically added to antibiotics. Following phagocytosis of tagged S. aureus cells, we were able to specifically analyze the arrival of antibiotics within the phagosomes of infected macrophages. Our findings enabled the determination of permeability differences between extra- and intracellular S. aureus, thus providing a roadmap to dissect the contribution of antibiotic permeability to intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zichen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - George M. Ongwae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Guérin H, Courtin P, Guillot A, Péchoux C, Mahony J, van Sinderen D, Kulakauskas S, Cambillau C, Touzé T, Chapot-Chartier MP. Molecular mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of rhamnose-rich cell wall polysaccharides in lactococci. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105578. [PMID: 38110036 PMCID: PMC10821137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In Gram-positive bacteria, cell wall polysaccharides (CWPS) play critical roles in bacterial cell wall homeostasis and bacterial interactions with their immediate surroundings. In lactococci, CWPS consist of two components: a conserved rhamnan embedded in the peptidoglycan layer and a surface-exposed polysaccharide pellicle (PSP), which are linked together to form a large rhamnose-rich CWPS (Rha-CWPS). PSP, whose structure varies from strain to strain, is a receptor for many bacteriophages infecting lactococci. Here, we examined the first two steps of PSP biosynthesis, using in vitro enzymatic tests with lipid acceptor substrates combined with LC-MS analysis, AlfaFold2 modeling of protein 3D-structure, complementation experiments, and phage assays. We show that the PSP repeat unit is assembled on an undecaprenyl-monophosphate (C55P) lipid intermediate. Synthesis is initiated by the WpsA/WpsB complex with GlcNAc-P-C55 synthase activity and the PSP precursor GlcNAc-P-C55 is then elongated by specific glycosyltransferases that vary among lactococcal strains, resulting in PSPs with diverse structures. Also, we engineered the PSP biosynthesis pathway in lactococci to obtain a chimeric PSP structure, confirming the predicted glycosyltransferase specificities. This enabled us to highlight the importance of a single sugar residue of the PSP repeat unit in phage recognition. In conclusion, our results support a novel pathway for PSP biosynthesis on a lipid-monophosphate intermediate as an extracellular modification of rhamnan, unveiling an assembly machinery for complex Rha-CWPS with structural diversity in lactococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Guérin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascal Courtin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Saulius Kulakauskas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christian Cambillau
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie (IMM), Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 7255, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Touzé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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38
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Hammond LR, White ML, Eswara PJ. Probing Bacterial Cell Division and Cell Envelope Biogenesis with Live-Cell Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2727:205-214. [PMID: 37815719 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3491-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced microscopy techniques has ushered in a new era of research as it helps understand biological processes on a deeper, mechanistic, and molecular level like never before. Live-cell fluorescence microscopy has importantly allowed us to visualize subcellular protein localization and incorporation of various fluorophores compatible with living cells in real time. As such, this technique offers valuable insights at the single-cell level and enables us to monitor phenotypic differences that were easily overlooked at a population level. One area of research that has benefited greatly from these advances is the study of the bacterial cell envelope biogenesis and cell division process. In this report, we provide detailed protocols, optimized in our lab, for imaging these processes in the Gram-positive organisms Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Hammond
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maria L White
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Prahathees J Eswara
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Salas E, Gorfer M, Bandian D, Eichorst SA, Schmidt H, Horak J, Rittmann SKMR, Schleper C, Reischl B, Pribasnig T, Jansa J, Kaiser C, Wanek W. Reevaluation and novel insights into amino sugar and neutral sugar necromass biomarkers in archaea, bacteria, fungi, and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167463. [PMID: 37793447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial necromass is an important contributor to soil organic matter (>50%) and it is largely composed of microbial residues. In soils, fragmented cell wall residues are mostly found in their polysaccharide forms of fungal chitin and bacterial peptidoglycan. Microbial necromass biomarkers, particularly amino sugars (AS) such as glucosamine (GlcN) and muramic acid (MurA) have been used to trace fungal and bacterial residues in soils, and to distinguish carbon (C) found in microbial residues from non-microbial organic C. Neutral sugars (NS), particularly the hexose/pentose ratio, have also been proposed as tracers of plant polysaccharides in soils. In our study, we extended the range of biomarkers to include AS and NS compounds in the biomass of 120 species belonging to archaea, bacteria, fungi, or plants. GlcN was the most common AS found in all taxa, contributing 42-91% to total AS content, while glucose was the most common NS found, contributing 56-79% to total NS. We identified talosaminuronic acid, found in archaeal pseudopeptidoglycan, as a new potential biomarker specific for Euryarchaeota. We compared the variability of these compounds between the different taxonomic groups using multivariate approaches, such as non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and statistically evaluated their biomarker potential via indicator species analysis. Both NMDS and PLS-DA showcased the variability in the AS and NS contents between the different taxonomic groups, highlighting their potential as necromass residue biomarkers and allowing their extension from separating bacterial and fungal necromass to separating microbes from plants. Finally, we estimated new conversion factors where fungal GlcN is converted to fungal C by multiplying by 10 and MurA is converted to bacterial C by multiplying by 54. Conversion factors for talosaminuronic acid and galactosamine are also proposed to allow estimation of archaeal or all-microbial necromass residue C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Salas
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Dragana Bandian
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephanie A Eichorst
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Horak
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Schleper
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pribasnig
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Han J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Li P, Gu Q. Insight into the structure, biosynthesis, isolation method and biological function of teichoic acid in different gram-positive microorganisms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126825. [PMID: 37696369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Teichoic acid (TA) is a weakly anionic polymer present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be classified into wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) based on its localization in the cell wall. The structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs are strain-specific and have a significant role in maintaining cell wall stability. TAs have various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, the purity and yield of TAs are generally not high, and different isolation methods may even affect their structural integrity, which limits the research progress on the probiotic functions of TA. This paper reviews an overview of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs in different strains, as well as the research progress of the isolation and purification methods of TAs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the current research status on the biological functions of TAs. Through a comprehensive understanding of this review, it is expected to pave the way for advancements in isolating and purifying high-quality TAs and, in turn, lay a foundation for contributing to the development of targeted probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Gouveia A, Pinto D, Vítor JMB, São-José C. Cellular and Enzymatic Determinants Impacting the Exolytic Action of an Anti-Staphylococcal Enzybiotic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:523. [PMID: 38203699 PMCID: PMC10778630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins are bacteriolytic enzymes that have been explored as potential weapons to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Despite several studies support the application of endolysins as enzybiotics, detailed knowledge on cellular and enzymatic factors affecting their lytic activity is still missing. The bacterial membrane proton motive force (PMF) and certain cell wall glycopolymers of Gram-positive bacteria have been implicated in some tolerance to endolysins. Here, we studied how the anti-staphylococcal endolysin Lys11, a modular enzyme with two catalytic domains (peptidase and amidase) and a cell binding domain (CBD11), responded to changes in the chemical and/or electric gradients of the PMF (ΔpH and Δψ, respectively). We show that simultaneous dissipation of both gradients enhances endolysin binding to cells and lytic activity. The collapse of ΔpH is preponderant in the stimulation of Lys11 lytic action, while the dissipation of Δψ is mainly associated with higher endolysin binding. Interestingly, this binding depends on the amidase domain. The peptidase domain is responsible for most of the Lys11 bacteriolytic activity. Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are confirmed as major determinants of endolysin tolerance, in part by severely hindering CBD11 binding activity. In conclusion, the PMF and WTA interfere differently with the endolysin functional domains, affecting both the binding and catalytic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gouveia
- Phage Biology Research and Infection Control (PhaBRIC), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Phage Biology Research and Infection Control (PhaBRIC), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Jorge M. B. Vítor
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Carlos São-José
- Phage Biology Research and Infection Control (PhaBRIC), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (D.P.)
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42
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Kim JH. Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases. Foods 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38201117 PMCID: PMC10778838 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are (i) "soluble factors secreted by live bacteria, or released after bacterial lysis, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides, polysaccharides, cell-surface proteins and organic acids"; (ii) "non-viable metabolites produced by microorganisms that exert biological effects on the hosts"; and (iii) "compounds produced by microorganisms, released from food components or microbial constituents, including non-viable cells that, when administered in adequate amounts, promote health and wellbeing". A probiotic- and prebiotic-rich diet ensures an adequate supply of these vital nutrients. During the anaerobic fermentation of organic nutrients, such as prebiotics, postbiotics act as a benevolent bioactive molecule matrix. Postbiotics can be used as functional components in the food industry by offering a number of advantages, such as being added to foods that are harmful to probiotic survival. Postbiotic supplements have grown in popularity in the food, cosmetic, and healthcare industries because of their numerous health advantages. Their classification depends on various factors, including the type of microorganism, structural composition, and physiological functions. This review offers a succinct introduction to postbiotics while discussing their salient features and classification, production, purification, characterization, biological functions, and applications in the food industry. Furthermore, their therapeutic mechanisms as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agents are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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43
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Wang M, Zeng J, Tan H, Guo Q, Li X, Ling X, Zhang J, Song S, Deng Y. Anti-virulence and bactericidal activities of Stattic against Shigella sonnei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0107423. [PMID: 38032177 PMCID: PMC10734500 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Shigella sonnei is a major human enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. The increasing spread of drug-resistant S. sonnei strains has caused an emergent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents against this pathogenic bacterium. In this study, we demonstrate that Stattic employs two antibacterial mechanisms against S. sonnei. It exerted both anti-virulence activity and bactericidal activity against S. sonnei, suggesting that it shows advantages over traditional antibiotics. Moreover, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin against S. sonnei. Our findings suggest that Stattic has promising potential for development as a new antibiotic or as an adjuvant to antibiotics for infections caused by S. sonnei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiwen Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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44
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Damelang T, de Taeye SW, Rentenaar R, Roya-Kouchaki K, de Boer E, Derksen NIL, van Kessel K, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Rooijakkers SHM, Jongerius I, Mebius MM, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. The Influence of Human IgG Subclass and Allotype on Complement Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1725-1735. [PMID: 37843500 PMCID: PMC10656437 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation via the classical pathway is initiated when oligomeric Igs on target surfaces are recognized by C1 of the complement cascade. The strength of this interaction and activation of the complement system are influenced by structural variation of the Ab, including Ab isotype, subclass, and glycosylation profile. Polymorphic variants of IgG have also been described to influence Fc-dependent effector functions. Therefore, we assessed complement binding, deposition, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of 27 known IgG allotypes with anti-trinitrophenyl specificity. Differences between allotypes within subclasses were minor for IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 allotypes, and more substantial for IgG2. Allelic variant IGHG2*06, containing a unique serine at position 378 in the CH3 domain, showed less efficient complement activation and CDC compared with other IgG2 polymorphisms. We also observed variable cell lysis between IgG1 and IgG3, with IgG3 being superior in lysis of human RBCs and Ramos cells, and IgG1 being superior in lysis of Raji and Wien133 cells, demonstrating that a long-standing conundrum in the literature depends on cellular context. Furthermore, we compared IgG1 and IgG3 under different circumstances, showing that Ag density and Ab hinge length, but not complement regulators, define the context dependency of Ab-mediated CDC activity. Our results point toward a variation in the capacity of IgG subclasses to activate complement due to single amino acid changes and hinge length differences of allotypes to activate complement, which might give new insights on susceptibility to infectious, alloimmune, or autoimmune diseases and aid the design of Ab-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W. de Taeye
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Rentenaar
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasra Roya-Kouchaki
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Boer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I. L. Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mishra NR, Sharma AD, Gargvanshi S, Gutheil WG. Deconvolution of multichannel LC-MS/MS chromatograms of glucosamine-phosphates: Evidence of a GlmS regulatory difference between Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. TALANTA OPEN 2023; 8:100241. [PMID: 38187186 PMCID: PMC10769159 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Resolving isomeric analytes is challenging given their physical similarity - making chromatographic resolution difficult, and their identical masses - making simple mass resolution impossible. MS/MS data provides a means to resolve isomeric analytes if their MS/MS intensity profiles are sufficiently different. Glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6P) and glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcN-1P) are early bacterial cell wall intermediates. These and other isomeric hexosamine-phosphates are highly polar and unretained on reverse-phase chromatography media. Three commercially available hexosamine-phosphate standards (GlcN-6P, GlcN-1P, and GalN-1P) were derivatized with octanoic anhydride, and chromatographic conditions were established to resolve these analytes on C18 columns. GlcN-1P and GalN-1P overlapped chromatographically under all tested chromatography conditions. Three MS/MS fragments (79, 97, and 199 m/z) were common to all three commercially available hexosamine-phosphates. Intensity ratios of the three MS/MS fragments from these three hexosamine-phosphate standards were used to deconvolute mixture chromatograms of these standards by non-negative linear regression. This approach allowed the complete resolution of these analytes. The chromatographically overlapping GlcN-1P and GalN-1P, which shared similar but modestly different MS/MS intensity profiles, were fully resolved with this non-negative deconvolution approach. This approach was then applied to MRSA, VSE, and VRE bacterial extracts before and after exposure to vancomycin. This demonstrated a substantial (3-fold) increase in GlcN-6P in vancomycin-treated MRSA samples but not in vancomycin-treated VSE or VRE samples. These observations appear to localize previously observed differences between MRSA and VRE/VSE peptidoglycan biosynthesis regulation to GlmS, which synthesizes GlcN-6P and is the product of a regulatory ribozyme sensitive to the levels of GlcN-6P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shivani Gargvanshi
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - William G. Gutheil
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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46
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Kampff Z, van Sinderen D, Mahony J. Cell wall polysaccharides of streptococci: A genetic and structural perspective. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108279. [PMID: 37913948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The Streptococcus genus comprises both commensal and pathogenic species. Additionally, Streptococcus thermophilus is exploited in fermented foods and in probiotic preparations. The ecological and metabolic diversity of members of this genus is matched by the complex range of cell wall polysaccharides that they present on their cell surfaces. These glycopolymers facilitate their interactions and environmental adaptation. Here, current knowledge on the genetic and compositional diversity of streptococcal cell wall polysaccharides including rhamnose-glucose polysaccharides, exopolysaccharides and teichoic acids is discussed. Furthermore, the species-specific cell wall polysaccharide combinations and specifically highlighting the presence of rhamnose-glucose polysaccharides in certain species, which are replaced by teichoic acids in other species. This review highlights model pathogenic and non-pathogenic species for which there is considerable information regarding cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and genetic information. These serve as foundations to predict and focus research efforts in other streptococcal species for which such data currently does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kampff
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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47
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Guo Y, Du X, Krusche J, Beck C, Ali S, Walter A, Winstel V, Mayer C, Codée JD, Peschel A, Stehle T. Invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis uses a unique processive wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase to evade immune recognition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj2641. [PMID: 38000019 PMCID: PMC10672168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis expresses glycerol phosphate wall teichoic acid (WTA), but some health care-associated methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (HA-MRSE) clones produce a second, ribitol phosphate (RboP) WTA, resembling that of the aggressive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. RboP-WTA promotes HA-MRSE persistence and virulence in bloodstream infections. We report here that the TarM enzyme of HA-MRSE [TarM(Se)] glycosylates RboP-WTA with glucose, instead of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by TarM(Sa) in S. aureus. Replacement of GlcNAc with glucose in RboP-WTA impairs HA-MRSE detection by human immunoglobulin G, which may contribute to the immune-evasion capacities of many invasive S. epidermidis. Crystal structures of complexes with uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose), and with UDP and glycosylated poly(RboP), reveal the binding mode and glycosylation mechanism of this enzyme and explain why TarM(Se) and TarM(Sa) link different sugars to poly(RboP). These structural data provide evidence that TarM(Se) is a processive WTA glycosyltransferase. Our study will support the targeted inhibition of TarM enzymes, and the development of RboP-WTA targeting vaccines and phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Guo
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Du
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janes Krusche
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Beck
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Axel Walter
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker Winstel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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48
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Shrestha R, Thenissery A, Khupse R, Rajashekara G. Strategies for the Preparation of Chitosan Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Drug Delivery, and Agricultural Applications: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7659. [PMID: 38005381 PMCID: PMC10674490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has received much attention for its role in designing and developing novel derivatives as well as its applications across a broad spectrum of biological and physiological activities, owing to its desirable characteristics such as being biodegradable, being a biopolymer, and its overall eco-friendliness. The main objective of this review is to explore the recent chemical modifications of chitosan that have been achieved through various synthetic methods. These chitosan derivatives are categorized based on their synthetic pathways or the presence of common functional groups, which include alkylated, acylated, Schiff base, quaternary ammonia, guanidine, and heterocyclic rings. We have also described the recent applications of chitosan and its derivatives, along with nanomaterials, their mechanisms, and prospective challenges, especially in areas such as antimicrobial activities, targeted drug delivery for various diseases, and plant agricultural domains. The accumulation of these recent findings has the potential to offer insight not only into innovative approaches for the preparation of chitosan derivatives but also into their diverse applications. These insights may spark novel ideas for drug development or drug carriers, particularly in the antimicrobial, medicinal, and plant agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Shrestha
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Anusree Thenissery
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Rahul Khupse
- College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA;
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
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49
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Loney RE, Delesalle VA, Chaudry BE, Czerpak M, Guffey AA, Goubet-McCall L, McCarty M, Strine MS, Tanke NT, Vill AC, Krukonis GP. A Novel Subcluster of Closely Related Bacillus Phages with Distinct Tail Fiber/Lysin Gene Combinations. Viruses 2023; 15:2267. [PMID: 38005943 PMCID: PMC10674732 DOI: 10.3390/v15112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most numerous entities on Earth, but we have only scratched the surface of describing phage diversity. We isolated seven Bacillus subtilis phages from desert soil in the southwest United States and then sequenced and characterized their genomes. Comparative analyses revealed high nucleotide and amino acid similarity between these seven phages, which constitute a novel subcluster. Interestingly, the tail fiber and lysin genes of these phages seem to come from different origins and carry out slightly different functions. These genes were likely acquired by this subcluster of phages via horizontal gene transfer. In conjunction with host range assays, our data suggest that these phages are adapting to hosts with different cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Loney
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Véronique A. Delesalle
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Megan Czerpak
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexandra A. Guffey
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. 200 Tournament Dr., Horsham, PA 19044, USA;
| | - Leo Goubet-McCall
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Michael McCarty
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Madison S. Strine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Natalie T. Tanke
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Albert C. Vill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Greg P. Krukonis
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, Cavness Science Building 101, ASU Station #10890, San Angelo, TX 76909, USA;
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50
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Hackemann VCJ, Hagel S, Jandt KD, Rödel J, Löffler B, Tuchscherr L. The Controversial Effect of Antibiotics on Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16308. [PMID: 38003500 PMCID: PMC10671744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MSSA) bacteremia remains a global challenge, despite the availability of antibiotics. Primary treatments include β-lactam agents such as cefazolin and flucloxacillin. Ongoing discussions have focused on the potential synergistic effects of combining these agents with rifampicin or fosfomycin to combat infections associated with biofilm formation. Managing staphylococcal infections is challenging due to antibacterial resistance, biofilms, and S. aureus's ability to invade and replicate within host cells. Intracellular invasion shields the bacteria from antibacterial agents and the immune system, often leading to incomplete bacterial clearance and chronic infections. Additionally, S. aureus can assume a dormant phenotype, known as the small colony variant (SCV), further complicating eradication and promoting persistence. This study investigated the impact of antibiotic combinations on the persistence of S. aureus 6850 and its stable small colony variant (SCV strain JB1) focusing on intracellular survival and biofilm formation. The results from the wild-type strain 6850 demonstrate that β-lactams combined with RIF effectively eliminated biofilms and intracellular bacteria but tend to select for SCVs in planktonic culture and host cells. Higher antibiotic concentrations were associated with an increase in the zeta potential of S. aureus, suggesting reduced membrane permeability to antimicrobials. When using the stable SCV mutant strain JB1, antibiotic combinations with rifampicin successfully cleared planktonic bacteria and biofilms but failed to eradicate intracellular bacteria. Given these findings, it is reasonable to report that β-lactams combined with rifampicin represent the optimal treatment for MSSA bacteremia. However, caution is warranted when employing this treatment over an extended period, as it may elevate the risk of selecting for small colony variants (SCVs) and, consequently, promoting bacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rödel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
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