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Yang C, Jiang L, Leng Z, Yuan S, Wang Y, Liu G, Jiang Q, Tan Y, Yu H, Yang F, Ji H, Du J, Li W. Overexpression of NtEXPA7 promotes seedling growth and resistance to root-knot nematode in tobacco. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150086. [PMID: 38761478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Root-knot nematode (RKN) is one of the most damaging plant pathogen in the world. They exhibit a wide host range and cause serious crop losses. The cell wall, encasing every plant cell, plays a crucial role in defending of RKN invasion. Expansins are a group of cell wall proteins inducing cell wall loosening and extensibility. They are widely involved in the regulation of plant growth and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we have characterized the biological function of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) NtEXPA7, the homologue of Solyc08g080060.2 (SlEXPA18), of which the transcription level was significantly reduced in susceptible tomato upon RKN infection. The expression of NtEXPA7 was up-regulated after inoculation of RKNs. The NtEXPA7 protein resided in the cell wall. Overexpression of NtEXPA7 promoted the seedling growth of transgenic tobacco. Meanwhile the increased expression of NtEXPA7 was beneficial to enhance the resistance against RKNs. This study expands the understanding of biological role of expansin in coordinate plant growth and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, Liangshanzhou, 615000, China.
| | - Zhengmei Leng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, Liangshanzhou, 615000, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, Liangshanzhou, 615000, China
| | - Qipeng Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yanni Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hongli Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Wanchen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Yu X, Niu H, Liu C, Wang H, Yin W, Xia X. PTI-ETI synergistic signal mechanisms in plant immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2113-2128. [PMID: 38470397 PMCID: PMC11258992 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants face a relentless onslaught from a diverse array of pathogens in their natural environment, to which they have evolved a myriad of strategies that unfold across various temporal scales. Cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect conserved elicitors from pathogens or endogenous molecules released during pathogen invasion, initiating the first line of defence in plants, known as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which imparts a baseline level of disease resistance. Inside host cells, pathogen effectors are sensed by the nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors, which then activate the second line of defence: effector-triggered immunity (ETI), offering a more potent and enduring defence mechanism. Moreover, PTI and ETI collaborate synergistically to bolster disease resistance and collectively trigger a cascade of downstream defence responses. This article provides a comprehensive review of plant defence responses, offering an overview of the stepwise activation of plant immunity and the interactions between PTI-ETI synergistic signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hao‐Qiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hou‐Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weilun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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3
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Tripathi A, Pandey VK, Jha AK, Srivastava S, Jakhar S, Vijay, Singh G, Rustagi S, Malik S, Choudhary P. Intricacies of plants' innate immune responses and their dynamic relationship with fungi: A review. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127758. [PMID: 38781787 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of the plant innate immune system in the defense and symbiosis processes becomes integral in a complex network of interactions between plants and fungi. An understanding of the molecular characterization of the plant innate immune system is crucial because it constitutes plants' self-defense shield against harmful fungi, while creating mutualistic relationships with beneficial fungi. Due to the plant-induced awareness and their complexity of interaction with fungi, sufficient assessment of the participation of the plant innate immune system in ecological balance, agriculture, and maintenance of an infinite ecosystem is mandatory. Given the current global challenge, such as the surge of plant-infectious diseases, and pursuit of sustainable forms of agriculture; it is imperative to understand the molecular language of communication between plants and fungi. That knowledge can be practically used in diverse areas, e.g., in agriculture, new tactics may be sought after to try new methods that boost crop receptiveness against fungal pathogens and reduce the dependence on chemical management. Also, it could boost sustainable agricultural practices via enhancing mycorrhizal interactions that promote nutrient absorption and optimum cropping with limited exposure of environmental contamination. Moreover, this review offers insights that go beyond agriculture and can be manipulated to boost plant conservation, environmental restoration, and quality understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Consequently, this specific review paper has offered a comprehensive view of the complex plant innate immune-based responses with fungi and the mechanisms in which they interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Research & Development Cell, Biotechnology Department, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (Deemed to Be University) Faridabad 121004 Haryana, India.
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Food Technology, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sourabh Jakhar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Vijay
- Department of Fruit Science, Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Department of chemistry, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical & Paramedical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India; Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research & Development (UCRD) Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Priyvart Choudhary
- School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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Jin C, Matsuo H, Nakayama Y, Shigita G, Inoue Y, Kato K, Takano Y. A deletion in FLS2 and its expansion after domestication caused global dissemination of melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1671-1684. [PMID: 38924650 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) encodes a pattern recognition receptor that perceives bacterial flagellin. While putative FLS2 orthologs are broadly conserved in plants, their functional characterization remains limited. Here, we report the identification of orthologs in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo), named CsFLS2 and CmFLS2, respectively. Homology searching identified CsFLS2, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated that CsFLS2 is required for flg22-triggered ROS generation. Interestingly, genome re-sequencing of melon cv. Lennon and subsequent genomic PCR revealed that Lennon has two CmFLS2 haplotypes, haplotype I encoding full-length CmFLS2 and haplotype II encoding a truncated form. We show that VIGS-mediated knockdown of CmFLS2 haplotype I resulted in a significant reduction in both flg22-triggered ROS generation and immunity to a bacterial pathogen in melon cv. Lennon. Remarkably, genomic PCR of CmFLS2 revealed that 68% of tested commercial melon cultivars possess only CmFLS2 haplotype II: these cultivars thus lack functional CmFLS2. To explore evolutionary aspects of CmFLS2 haplotype II occurrence, we genotyped the CmFLS2 locus in 142 melon accessions by genomic PCR and analyzed 437 released sequences. The results suggest that CmFLS2 haplotype II is derived from C. melo subsp. melo. Furthermore, we suggest that the proportion of CmFLS2 haplotype II increased among the improved melo group compared with the primitive melo group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the deleted FLS2 locus generated in the primitive melo subspecies expanded after domestication, resulting in the spread of commercial melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition, which is critical for bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujia Jin
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Gentaro Shigita
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity Research, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kato
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takano
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Tian J, Tang Z, Niu R, Zhou Y, Yang D, Chen D, Luo M, Mou R, Yuan M, Xu G. Engineering disease-resistant plants with alternative translation efficiency by switching uORF types through CRISPR. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1715-1726. [PMID: 38679667 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Engineering disease-resistant plants can be a powerful solution to the issue of food security. However, it requires addressing two fundamental questions: what genes to express and how to control their expressions. To find a solution, we screen CRISPR-edited upstream open reading frame (uORF) variants in rice, aiming to optimize translational control of disease-related genes. By switching uORF types of the 5'-leader from Arabidopsis TBF1, we modulate the ribosome accessibility to the downstream firefly luciferase. We assume that by switching uORF types using CRISPR, we could generate uORF variants with alternative translation efficiency (CRISPR-aTrE-uORF). These variants, capable of boosting translation for resistance-associated genes and dampening it for susceptible ones, can help pinpoint previously unidentified genes with optimal expression levels. To test the assumption, we screened edited uORF variants and found that enhanced translational suppression of the plastic glutamine synthetase 2 can provide broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice with minimal fitness costs. This strategy, which involves modifying uORFs from none to some, or from some to none or different ones, demonstrates how translational agriculture can speed up the development of disease-resistant crops. This is vital for tackling the food security challenges we face due to growing populations and changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruixia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guoyong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Xuan Z, Wang Y, Shen Y, Pan X, Wang J, Liu W, Miao W, Jin P. Bacillus velezensis HN-2: a potent antiviral agent against pepper veinal mottle virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1403202. [PMID: 39049860 PMCID: PMC11266135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1403202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) belongs to the genus Potyvirus within the family Potyviridae and is a major threat to pepper production, causing reduction in yield and fruit quality; however, efficient pesticides and chemical treatments for plant protection against viral infections are lacking. Hence, there is a critical need to discover highly active and environment-friendly antiviral agents derived from natural sources. Bacillus spp. are widely utilized as biocontrol agents to manage fungal, bacterial, and viral plant diseases. Particularly, Bacillus velezensis HN-2 exhibits a strong antibiotic activity against plant pathogens and can also induce plant resistance. Methods The experimental subjects employed in this study were Bacillus velezensis HN-2, benzothiadiazole, and dufulin, aiming to evaluate their impact on antioxidant activity, levels of reactive oxygen species, activity of defense enzymes, and expression of defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, the colonization ability of Bacillus velezensis HN-2 in Capsicum chinense was investigated. Results The results of bioassays revealed the robust colonization capability of Bacillus velezensis HN-2, particularly in intercellular spaces, leading to delayed infection and enhanced protection against PVMV through multiple plant defense mechanisms, thereby promoting plant growth. Furthermore, Bacillus velezensis HN-2 increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating the PVMV-induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, the application of Bacillus velezensis HN-2 at 5 dpi significantly increased the expression of JA-responsive genes, whereas the expression of salicylic acid-responsive genes remained unchanged, implying the activation of the JA signaling pathway as a crucial mechanism underlying Bacillus velezensis HN-2-induced anti-PVMV activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that HN-2 treatment delayed PVMV infection at 15 dpi, further highlighting its role in inducing plant resistance and promoting growth and development. Conclusions These findings underscore the potential of Bacillus velezensis HN-2 for field application in managing viral plant diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Yuying Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Jiatong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
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Raveau R, Ilbert C, Héloir MC, Palavioux K, Pébarthé-Courrouilh A, Marzari T, Durand S, Valls-Fonayet J, Cluzet S, Adrian M, Fermaud M. Broad-Spectrum Efficacy and Modes of Action of Two Bacillus Strains against Grapevine Black Rot and Downy Mildew. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:471. [PMID: 39057356 PMCID: PMC11278100 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) are two major grapevine diseases against which the development of efficient biocontrol solutions is required in a context of sustainable viticulture. This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the efficacy and modes of action of bacterial culture supernatants from Bacillus velezensis Buz14 and B. ginsengihumi S38. Both biocontrol agents (BCA) were previously demonstrated as highly effective against Botrytis cinerea in grapevines. In semi-controlled conditions, both supernatants provided significant protection against black rot and downy mildew. They exhibited antibiosis against the pathogens by significantly decreasing G. bidwellii mycelial growth, but also the release and motility of P. viticola zoospores. They also significantly induced grapevine defences, as stilbene production. The LB medium, used for the bacterial cultures, also showed partial effects against both pathogens and induced plant defences. This is discussed in terms of choice of experimental controls when studying the biological activity of BCA supernatants. Thus, we identified two bacterial culture supernatants as new potential biocontrol products exhibiting multi-spectrum antagonist activity against different grapevine key pathogens and having a dual mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Raveau
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences (ISVV), UMR Santé Agroécologie du VignoblE (SAVE), 71 Avenue E. Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Chloé Ilbert
- Agroécologie, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Karine Palavioux
- Agroécologie, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anthony Pébarthé-Courrouilh
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), OENO, UMR 1366, Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Tania Marzari
- Agroécologie, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Solène Durand
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences (ISVV), UMR Santé Agroécologie du VignoblE (SAVE), 71 Avenue E. Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Josep Valls-Fonayet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), OENO, UMR 1366, Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), OENO, UMR 1366, Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marc Fermaud
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences (ISVV), UMR Santé Agroécologie du VignoblE (SAVE), 71 Avenue E. Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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8
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Kim DS, Li Y, Ahn HK, Woods-Tör A, Cevik V, Furzer OJ, Ma W, Tör M, Jones JDG. ATR2 C ala2 from Arabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:330-344. [PMID: 38742296 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Col-0 RPP2A and RPP2B confer recognition of Arabidopsis downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis [Hpa]) isolate Cala2, but the identity of the recognized ATR2Cala2 effector was unknown. To reveal ATR2Cala2, an F2 population was generated from a cross between Hpa-Cala2 and Hpa-Noks1. We identified ATR2Cala2 as a non-canonical RxLR-type effector that carries a signal peptide, a dEER motif, and WY domains but no RxLR motif. Recognition of ATR2Cala2 and its effector function were verified by biolistic bombardment, ectopic expression and Hpa infection. ATR2Cala2 is recognized in accession Col-0 but not in Ler-0 in which RPP2A and RPP2B are absent. In ATR2Emoy2 and ATR2Noks1 alleles, a frameshift results in an early stop codon. RPP2A and RPP2B are essential for the recognition of ATR2Cala2. Stable and transient expression of ATR2Cala2 under 35S promoter in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana enhances disease susceptibility. Two additional Col-0 TIR-NLR (TNL) genes (RPP2C and RPP2D) adjacent to RPP2A and RPP2B are quantitatively required for full resistance to Hpa-Cala2. We compared RPP2 haplotypes in multiple Arabidopsis accessions and showed that all four genes are present in all ATR2Cala2-recognizing accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sung Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yufei Li
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hee-Kyung Ahn
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alison Woods-Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Volkan Cevik
- Department of Life Sciences, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Oliver J Furzer
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mahmut Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
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Mu Y, Dong Y, Li X, Gong A, Yu H, Wang C, Liu J, Liang Q, Yang K, Fang H. JrPHL8-JrWRKY4-JrSTH2L module regulates resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in walnut. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae148. [PMID: 38988616 PMCID: PMC11233879 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Walnut anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) reduces walnut yield and quality and seriously threatens the healthy development of the walnut industry. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulatory factors involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Our previous transcriptome analysis results indicate that JrWRKY4 responds to infection by C. gloeosporioides, but its specific regulatory network and disease resistance mechanism are still unclear. Herein, the characteristics of JrWRKY4 as a transcription activator located in the nucleus were first identified. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses showed that JrWRKY4 could enhance walnut resistance against C. gloeosporioides. A series of molecular experiments showed that JrWRKY4 directly interacted with the promoter region of JrSTH2L and positively regulated its expression. In addition, JrWRKY4 interacted with JrVQ4 to form the protein complex, which inhibited JrWRKY4 for the activation of JrSTH2L. Notably, a MYB TF JrPHL8 interacting with the JrWRKY4 promoter has also been identified, which directly bound to the MBS element in the promoter of JrWRKY4 and induced its activity. Our study elucidated a novel mechanism of the JrPHL8-JrWRKY4-JrSTH2L in regulating walnut resistance to anthracnose. This mechanism improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of WRKY TF mediated resistance to anthracnose in walnut, which provides new insights for molecular breeding of disease-resistant walnuts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Mu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xichen Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Andi Gong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyi Yu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Keqiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
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10
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de Andrade Bezerra G, Arriel Elias MT, Costa NB, de Filippi MCC. The role of Phanerochaete australis in enhancing defense activity against Magnaporthe oryzae in upland rice. Mycologia 2024; 116:558-576. [PMID: 38819956 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2345029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The inclusion of biological control in the integrated management of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae [Mo]) reduces pesticide application. Phanerochaete australis (Pha) has been shown to be a potential inducer of resistance to rice blast. Pha was isolated saprophytically from the rice phylloplane and studied for its interaction with Mo in the defense process of upland rice plants against the pathogen attack. Investigating the Pha × Mo interaction in a completely randomized design, the suppression of leaf blast and the epidemiological components of disease development were quantified in vivo, whereas the physiological and biochemical aspects, as defense enzymes and oxidative complex components, were evaluated in vitro during the induction of resistance. In the Pha × Mo interaction, it was found that seed treatment can significantly reduce disease severity by up to 93%, increase the photosynthetic apparatus, mobilize photoassimilates to the defense system, intensify defense enzyme and oxidant complex activities (chitinase [CHI], β-1,3-glucanase [GLU], lipoxygenase [LOX], phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL], poliphenoloxidase [PPO], peroxidase [POX], catalase [CAT], cuperoxide dismutase [SOD]), decrease phenolic compounds (TPCs), and increase photosynthetic pigment levels compared with the negative control (Mo). When treating the seed, we are referring to an induction process where there is no physical contact between the pathogens. The enzymes produced by the interaction between the microorganisms validate this process; thus, Pha acts as an inducer of resistance to upland rice plants challenged with Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra
- Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690900, Brazil
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás 75375000, Brazil
| | | | - Niedja Bezerra Costa
- Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Laboratory (LCAB), State University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão 65081400, Brazil
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11
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Xiong X, Zeng J, Ning Q, Liu H, Bu Z, Zhang X, Zeng J, Zhuo R, Cui K, Qin Z, Gao Y, Liu X, Zhu Y. Ferroptosis induction in host rice by endophyte OsiSh-2 is necessary for mutualism and disease resistance in symbiosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5012. [PMID: 38866764 PMCID: PMC11169551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death that was discovered recently. For beneficial microbes to establish mutualistic relationships with hosts, precisely controlled cell death in plant cells is necessary. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in the endophyte‒plant system is poorly understood. Here, we reported that endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, which established a sophisticated and beneficial interaction with host rice plants, caused ferroptotic cell death in rice characterized by ferroptosis- and immune-related markers. Treatments with ferroptosis inhibitors and inducers, different doses of OsiSh-2, and the siderophore synthesis-deficient mutant ΔcchH revealed that only moderate ferroptosis induced by endophytes is essential for the establishment of an optimal symbiont to enhance plant growth. Additionally, ferroptosis involved in a defence-primed state in rice, which contributed to improved resistance against rice blast disease. Overall, our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of endophyte‒plant interactions mediated by ferroptosis and suggests new directions for crop yield promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiu Xiong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qing Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Heqin Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhigang Bu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiarui Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Rui Zhuo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ziwei Qin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China.
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12
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Han P, Zhang R, Li R, Li F, Huang L. Identification of an SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex that Contributes to Resistance Against Valsa Canker in Apple. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:520-529. [PMID: 38470518 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0206-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in plant disease resistance. Among them, the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex is the largest family and regulates the ubiquitination of a wide range of proteins. Apple Valsa canker (AVC) is a fungal disease of apple trees caused by the fungus Valsa mali, which can lead to significant economic losses. However, the function of the SCF complex in apple resistance to this disease is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that can enhance resistance to Valsa canker in apple. Disease evaluation experiments demonstrated that MdSkp1 increased apple resistance to AVC. Furthermore, MdSkp1 interacted with an F-box protein, MdSKIP14, and interacted with a cullin-1 protein, MdCUL1, to form an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Additionally, we revealed both MdSKIP14 and MdCUL1 as positive regulators of AVC resistance. In conclusion, our results identified an SCF complex capable of contributing to apple resistance against AVC, providing a theoretical basis for apple disease resistance and the sustainable development of the industry. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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13
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Eschrig S, Schäffer M, Shu LJ, Illig T, Eibel S, Fernandez A, Ranf S. LORE receptor homomerization is required for 3-hydroxydecanoic acid-induced immune signaling and determines the natural variation of immunosensitivity within the Arabidopsis genus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2163-2179. [PMID: 38532564 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The S-domain-type receptor-like kinase (SD-RLK) LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (LORE) from Arabidopsis thaliana is a pattern recognition receptor that senses medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-OH-C10:0), to activate pattern-triggered immunity. Here, we show that LORE homomerization is required to activate 3-OH-C10:0-induced immune signaling. Fluorescence lifetime imaging in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrates that AtLORE homomerizes via the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Co-expression of AtLORE truncations lacking the intracellular domain exerts a dominant negative effect on AtLORE signaling in both N. benthamiana and A. thaliana, highlighting that homomerization is essential for signaling. Screening for 3-OH-C10:0-induced reactive oxygen species production revealed natural variation within the Arabidopsis genus. Arabidopsis lyrata and Arabidopsis halleri do not respond to 3-OH-C10:0, although both possess a putative LORE ortholog. Both LORE orthologs have defective extracellular domains that bind 3-OH-C10:0 to a similar level as AtLORE, but lack the ability to homomerize. Thus, ligand binding is independent of LORE homomerization. Analysis of AtLORE and AlyrLORE chimera suggests that the loss of AlyrLORE homomerization is caused by several amino acid polymorphisms across the extracellular domain. Our findings shed light on the activation mechanism of LORE and the loss of 3-OH-C10:0 perception within the Arabidopsis genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Eschrig
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Milena Schäffer
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Tina Illig
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Sonja Eibel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Atiara Fernandez
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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14
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Fernández-Calvo P, López G, Martín-Dacal M, Aitouguinane M, Carrasco-López C, González-Bodí S, Bacete L, Mélida H, Sánchez-Vallet A, Molina A. Leucine rich repeat-malectin receptor kinases IGP1/CORK1, IGP3 and IGP4 are required for arabidopsis immune responses triggered by β-1,4-D-Xylo-oligosaccharides from plant cell walls. Cell Surf 2024; 11:100124. [PMID: 38600908 PMCID: PMC11004201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in plants is activated upon recognition by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) of Damage- and Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs and MAMPs) from plants or microorganisms, respectively. An increasing number of identified DAMPs/MAMPs are carbohydrates from plant cell walls and microbial extracellular layers, which are perceived by plant PRRs, such as LysM and Leucine Rich Repeat-Malectin (LRR-MAL) receptor kinases (RKs). LysM-RKs (e.g. CERK1, LYK4 and LYK5) are needed for recognition of fungal MAMP chitohexaose (β-1,4-D-(GlcNAc)6, CHI6), whereas IGP1/CORK1, IGP3 and IGP4 LRR-MAL RKs are required for perception of β-glucans, like cellotriose (β-1,4-D-(Glc)3, CEL3) and mixed-linked glucans. We have explored the diversity of carbohydrates perceived by Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings by determining PTI responses upon treatment with different oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. These analyses revealed that plant oligosaccharides from xylans [β-1,4-D-(xylose)4 (XYL4)], glucuronoxylans and α-1,4-glucans, and polysaccharides from plants and seaweeds activate PTI. Cross-elicitation experiments of XYL4 with other glycans showed that the mechanism of recognition of XYL4 and the DAMP 33-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX) shares some features with that of CEL3 but differs from that of CHI6. Notably, XYL4 and XA3XX perception is impaired in igp1/cork1, igp3 and igp4 mutants, and almost not affected in cerk1 lyk4 lyk5 triple mutant. XYL4 perception is conserved in different plant species since XYL4 pre-treatment triggers enhanced disease resistance in tomato to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 and PTI responses in wheat. These results expand the number of glycans triggering plant immunity and support IGP1/CORK1, IGP3 and IGP4 relevance in Arabidopsis thaliana glycans perception and PTI activation. Significance Statement The characterization of plant immune mechanisms involved in the perception of carbohydrate-based structures recognized as DAMPs/MAMPs is needed to further understand plant disease resistance modulation. We show here that IGP1/CORK1, IGP3 and IGP4 LRR-MAL RKs are required for the perception of carbohydrate-based DAMPs β-1,4-D-(xylose)4 (XYL4) and 33-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX), further expanding the function of these LRR-MAL RKs in plant glycan perception and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meriem Aitouguinane
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Carrasco-López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González-Bodí
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bacete
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Vallet
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
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Mo C, Wang H, Wei M, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Fei Z, Zhang Y, Kong Q. Complete genome assembly provides a high-quality skeleton for pan-NLRome construction in melon. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:2249-2268. [PMID: 38430487 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.), being under intensive domestication and selective breeding, displays an abundant phenotypic diversity. Wild germplasm with tolerance to stress represents an untapped genetic resource for discovery of disease-resistance genes. To comprehensively characterize resistance genes in melon, we generate a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) and gap-free genome of wild melon accession PI511890 (C. melo var. chito) with a total length of 375.0 Mb and a contig N50 of 31.24 Mb. The complete genome allows us to dissect genome architecture and identify resistance gene analogs. We construct a pan-NLRome using seven melon genomes, which include 208 variable and 18 core nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Multiple disease-related transcriptome analyses indicate that most up-regulated NLRs induced by pathogens are shell or cloud NLRs. The T2T gap-free assembly and the pan-NLRome not only serve as essential resources for genomic studies and molecular breeding of melon but also provide insights into the genome architecture and NLR diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjuan Mo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Minghua Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingguo Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Hami-melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | | | - Yongbing Zhang
- Hami-melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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16
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Nakano RT, Shimasaki T. Long-Term Consequences of PTI Activation and Its Manipulation by Root-Associated Microbiota. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:681-693. [PMID: 38549511 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In nature, plants are constantly colonized by a massive diversity of microbes engaged in mutualistic, pathogenic or commensal relationships with the host. Molecular patterns present in these microbes activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which detects microbes in the apoplast or at the tissue surface. Whether and how PTI distinguishes among soil-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and commensal microbes within the soil microbiota remains unclear. PTI is a multimodal series of molecular events initiated by pattern perception, such as Ca2+ influx, reactive oxygen burst, and extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. These short-term responses may manifest within minutes to hours, while the long-term consequences of chronic PTI activation persist for days to weeks. Chronic activation of PTI is detrimental to plant growth, so plants need to coordinate growth and defense depending on the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. Recent studies have demonstrated that root-associated commensal microbes can activate or suppress immune responses to variable extents, clearly pointing to the role of PTI in root-microbiota interactions. However, the molecular mechanisms by which root commensals interfere with root immunity and root immunity modulates microbial behavior remain largely elusive. Here, with a focus on the difference between short-term and long-term PTI responses, we summarize what is known about microbial interference with host PTI, especially in the context of root microbiota. We emphasize some missing pieces that remain to be characterized to promote the ultimate understanding of the role of plant immunity in root-microbiota interactions.
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Manser B, Zbinden H, Herren G, Steger J, Isaksson J, Bräunlich S, Wicker T, Keller B. Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100769. [PMID: 37978798 PMCID: PMC11121201 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host proteins. In fungal-plant interactions, relatively little is known about whether, in addition to avirulence effectors and immune receptors, other proteins contribute to specific recognition. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor Pm2a in wheat recognizes the fungal powdery mildew effector AvrPm2. We found that the predicted wheat zinc finger TaZF interacts with both the fungal avirulence protein AvrPm2 and the wheat NLR Pm2a. We further demonstrated that the virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact with TaZF. TaZF silencing in wheat resulted in a reduction but not a loss of Pm2a-mediated powdery mildew resistance. Interaction studies showed that the leucine-rich repeat domain of Pm2a is the mediator of the interaction with TaZF. TaZF recruits both Pm2a and AvrPm2 from the cytosol to the nucleus, resulting in nuclear localization of Pm2a, TaZF, and AvrPm2 in wheat. We propose that TaZF acts as a facilitator of Pm2a-dependent AvrPm2 effector recognition. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying effector host targets for characterization of NLR-mediated effector recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Manser
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Herren
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Steger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Isaksson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Bräunlich
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Zhao T, Ma S, Kong Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu J, Feng W, Liu T, Liu C, Liang S, Lu S, Li X, Zhao H, Lu C, Latif MZ, Yin Z, Li Y, Ding X. Recognition of the inducible, secretory small protein OsSSP1 by the membrane receptor OsSSR1 and the co-receptor OsBAK1 confers rice resistance to the blast fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:807-823. [PMID: 38664971 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The plant apoplast, which serves as the frontline battleground for long-term host-pathogen interactions, harbors a wealth of disease resistance resources. However, the identification of the disease resistance proteins in the apoplast is relatively lacking. In this study, we identified and characterized the rice secretory protein OsSSP1 (Oryza sativa secretory small protein 1). OsSSP1 can be secreted into the plant apoplast, and either in vitro treatment of recombinant OsSSP1 or overexpression of OsSSP1 in rice could trigger plant immune response. The expression of OsSSP1 is suppressed significantly during Magnaporthe oryzae infection in the susceptible rice variety Taibei 309, and OsSSP1-overexpressing lines all show strong resistance to M. oryzae. Combining the knockout and overexpression results, we found that OsSSP1 positively regulates plant immunity in response to fungal infection. Moreover, the recognition and immune response triggered by OsSSP1 depend on an uncharacterized transmembrane OsSSR1 (secretory small protein receptor 1) and the key co-receptor OsBAK1, since most of the induced immune response and resistance are lost in the absence of OsSSR1 or OsBAK1. Intriguingly, the OsSSP1 protein is relatively stable and can still induce plant resistance after 1 week of storage in the open environment, and exogenous OsSSP1 treatment for a 2-week period did not affect rice yield. Collectively, our study reveals that OsSSP1 can be secreted into the apoplast and percepted by OsSSR1 and OsBAK1 during fungal infection, thereby triggering the immune response to enhance plant resistance to M. oryzae. These findings provide novel resources and potential strategies for crop breeding and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shijie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ziying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wanzhen Feng
- College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Suochen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shilin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Zunair Latif
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Jiang Y, Lu XY, Qin YL, Zhang YM, Shao ZQ. Genome-Wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Receptor-like Kinase Family Genes Provides Insights into Anthracnose Resistance of Dioscorea alata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1274. [PMID: 38732488 PMCID: PMC11085297 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Dioscorea alata, commonly known as "greater yam", is a vital crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, yet it faces significant threats from anthracnose disease, mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, exploring disease resistance genes in this species has been challenging due to the difficulty of genetic mapping resulting from the loss of the flowering trait in many varieties. The receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene family represents essential immune receptors in plants. In this study, genomic analysis revealed 467 RLK genes in D. alata. The identified RLKs were distributed unevenly across chromosomes, likely due to tandem duplication events. However, a considerable number of ancient whole-genome or segmental duplications dating back over 100 million years contributed to the diversity of RLK genes. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled at least 356 ancient RLK lineages in the common ancestor of Dioscoreaceae, which differentially inherited and expanded to form the current RLK profiles of D. alata and its relatives. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicated the involvement of RLK genes in diverse stress responses. Transcriptome analysis identified RLKs that were up-regulated in response to C. gloeosporioides infection, suggesting their potential role in resisting anthracnose disease. These findings provide novel insights into the evolution of RLK genes in D. alata and their potential contribution to disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.J.); (Y.-L.Q.)
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya-Li Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.J.); (Y.-L.Q.)
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.J.); (Y.-L.Q.)
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang K, Chen D, Liu K, Chen W, He F, Tong Z, Luo Q. Co-expression network analysis and identification of core genes in the interaction between wheat and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:241. [PMID: 38698267 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidemic of stripe rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), would reduce wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields seriously. Traditional experimental methods are difficult to discover the interaction between wheat and Pst. Multi-omics data analysis provides a new idea for efficiently mining the interactions between host and pathogen. We used 140 wheat-Pst RNA-Seq data to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low susceptibility and high susceptibility samples, and carried out Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Based on this, we constructed a gene co-expression network, identified the core genes and interacted gene pairs from the conservative modules. Finally, we checked the distribution of Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes in the co-expression network and drew the wheat NLR gene co-expression network. In order to provide accessible information for related researchers, we built a web-based visualization platform to display the data. Based on the analysis, we found that resistance-related genes such as TaPR1, TaWRKY18 and HSP70 were highly expressed in the network. They were likely to be involved in the biological processes of Pst infecting wheat. This study can assist scholars in conducting studies on the pathogenesis and help to advance the investigation of wheat-Pst interaction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Centre, Kunming, 650021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), JIC-CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Centre, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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22
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Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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23
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Ma M, Tang L, Sun R, Lyu X, Xie J, Fu Y, Li B, Chen T, Lin Y, Yu X, Chen W, Jiang D, Cheng J. An effector SsCVNH promotes the virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum through targeting class III peroxidase AtPRX71. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13464. [PMID: 38695733 PMCID: PMC11064801 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Many plant pathogens secrete effector proteins into the host plant to suppress host immunity and facilitate pathogen colonization. The necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes severe plant diseases and results in enormous economic losses, in which secreted proteins play a crucial role. SsCVNH was previously reported as a secreted protein, and its expression is significantly upregulated at 3 h after inoculation on the host plant. Here, we further demonstrated that deletion of SsCVNH leads to attenuated virulence. Heterologous expression of SsCVNH in Arabidopsis enhanced pathogen infection, inhibited the host PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) response and increased plant susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. SsCVNH interacted with class III peroxidase AtPRX71, a positive regulator of innate immunity against plant pathogens. SsCVNH could also interact with other class III peroxidases, thus reducing peroxidase activity and suppressing plant immunity. Our results reveal a new infection strategy employed by S. sclerotiorum in which the fungus suppresses the function of class III peroxidases, the major component of PTI to promote its own infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Liguang Tang
- Wuhan Vegetable Research InstituteWuhan Academy of Agricultural ScienceWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Rui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xueliang Lyu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jiatao Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Tao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yang Lin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Weidong Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Daohong Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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24
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Zhang J, Sun L, Wang Y, Li B, Li X, Ye Z, Zhang J. A Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates the Defense Response in Citrus sinensis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:459-466. [PMID: 38597923 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0208-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, and defense-related Citrus sinensis gene resources remain largely unexplored. Calcium signaling plays an important role in diverse biological processes. In plants, a few calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) have been shown to contribute to defense against pathogenic microbes. The genome of C. sinensis encodes dozens of CPKs. In this study, the role of C. sinensis calcium-dependent protein kinases (CsCPKs) in C. sinensis defense was investigated. Silencing of CsCPK6 compromised the induction of defense-related genes in C. sinensis. Expression of a constitutively active form of CsCPK6 (CsCPK6CA) triggered the activation of defense-related genes in C. sinensis. Complementation of CsCPK6 rescued the defense-related gene induction in an Arabidopsis thaliana cpk4/11 mutant, indicating that CsCPK6 carries CPK activity and is capable of functioning as a CPK in Arabidopsis. Moreover, an effector derived from CLas inhibits defense induced by the expression of CsCPK6CA and autophosphorylation of CsCPK6, which suggests the involvement of CsCPK6 and calcium signaling in defense. These results support a positive role for CsCPK6 in C. sinensis defense against CLas, and the autoinhibitory regulation of CsCPK6 provides a potential genome-editing target for improving C. sinensis defense. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Lifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ziqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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25
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Singh D, Mathur S, Ranjan R. Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets for developing immunological engineered plants. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:525-555. [PMID: 38762279 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to combat pathogen infestations in crop plants to ensure food security worldwide. To counter this, plants have developed innate immunity mediated by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage- associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). PRRs activate Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI), a defence mechanism involving intricate cell-surface and intracellular receptors. The diverse ligand-binding ectodomains of PRRs, including leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and lectin domains, facilitate the recognition of MAMPs and DAMPs. Pathogen resistance is mediated by a variety of PTI responses, including membrane depolarization, ROS production, and the induction of defence genes. An integral part of intracellular immunity is the Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain, Leucine-rich Repeat proteins (NLRs) which recognize and respond to effectors in a potent manner. Enhanced understanding of PRRs, their ligands, and downstream signalling pathways has contributed to the identification of potential targets for genetically modified plants. By transferring PRRs across plant species, it is possible to create broad-spectrum resistance, potentially offering innovative solutions for plant protection and global food security. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an update on PRRs involved in disease resistance, clarify the mechanisms by which PRRs recognize ligands to form active receptor complexes and present various applications of PRRs and PTI in disease resistance management for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, India
| | - Shivangi Mathur
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, India.
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Castell-Miller CV, Kono TJ, Ranjan A, Schlatter DC, Samac DA, Kimball JA. Interactive transcriptome analyses of Northern Wild Rice ( Zizania palustris L.) and Bipolaris oryzae show convoluted communications during the early stages of fungal brown spot development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1350281. [PMID: 38736448 PMCID: PMC11086184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1350281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Fungal diseases, caused mainly by Bipolaris spp., are past and current threats to Northern Wild Rice (NWR) grain production and germplasm preservation in both natural and cultivated settings. Genetic resistance against the pathogen is scarce. Toward expanding our understanding of the global gene communications of NWR and Bipolaris oryzae interaction, we designed an RNA sequencing study encompassing the first 12 h and 48 h of their encounter. NWR activated numerous plant recognition receptors after pathogen infection, followed by active transcriptional reprogramming of signaling mechanisms driven by Ca2+ and its sensors, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, activation of an oxidative burst, and phytohormone signaling-bound mechanisms. Several transcription factors associated with plant defense were found to be expressed. Importantly, evidence of diterpenoid phytoalexins, especially phytocassane biosynthesis, among expression of other defense genes was found. In B. oryzae, predicted genes associated with pathogenicity including secreted effectors that could target plant defense mechanisms were expressed. This study uncovered the early molecular communication between the NWR-B. oryzae pathosystem, which could guide selection for allele-specific genes to boost NWR defenses, and overall aid in the development of more efficient selection methods in NWR breeding through the use of the most virulent fungal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J.Y. Kono
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Daniel C. Schlatter
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Deborah A. Samac
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Kimball
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Gu X, Cao Z, Li Z, Yu H, Liu W. Plant immunity suppression by an β-1,3-glucanase of the maize anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:339. [PMID: 38671375 PMCID: PMC11046878 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many phytopathogens secrete a large number of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to decompose host cell walls in order to penetrate the host, obtain nutrients and accelerate colonization. There is a wide variety of CWDEs produced by plant pathogens, including glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which determine the virulence, pathogenicity, and host specificity of phytopathogens. The specific molecular mechanisms by which pathogens suppress host immunity remain obscure. RESULT In this study, we found that CgEC124 encodes a glycosyl hydrolase with a signal peptide and a conserved Glyco_hydro_cc domain which belongs to glycoside hydrolase 128 family. The expression of CgEC124 was significantly induced in the early stage of Colletotrichum graminicola infection, especially at 12 hpi. Furthermore, CgEC124 positively regulated the pathogenicity, but it did not impact the vegetative growth of mycelia. Ecotopic transient expression of CgEC124 decreased the disease resistance and callose deposition in maize. Moreover, CgEC124 exhibited the β-1,3-glucanase activity and suppresses glucan-induced ROS burst in maize leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CgEC124 is required for full virulence of C. graminicola but not for vegetative growth. CgEC124 increases maize susceptibility by inhibiting host reactive oxygen species burst as well as callose deposition. Meanwhile, our data suggests that CgEC124 explores its β-1,3-glucanase activity to prevent induction of host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cao Y, Zhang C, Liu F, Li D, Zhang A, Li L, Zhang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Kiwifruit Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Proteins Reveal Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4497. [PMID: 38674082 PMCID: PMC11050117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs), a major group of receptor-like proteins in plants, have diverse functions in plant physiology, including growth, development, signal transduction, and stress responses. Despite their importance, the specific roles of kiwifruit LRR-RLPs in response to biotic and abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed family identification, characterization, transcriptome data analysis, and differential gene expression analysis of kiwifruit LRR-RLPs. We identified totals of 101, 164, and 105 LRR-RLPs in Actinidia chinensis 'Hongyang', Actinidia eriantha 'Huate', and Actinidia chinensis 'Red5', respectively. Synteny analysis revealed that the expansion of kiwifruit LRR-RLPs was primarily attributed to segmental duplication events. Based on RNA-seq data from pathogen-infected kiwifruits, we identified specific LRR-RLP genes potentially involved in different stages of pathogen infection. Additionally, we observed the potential involvement of kiwifruit LRR-RLPs in abiotic stress responses, with upstream transcription factors possibly regulating their expression. Furthermore, protein interaction network analysis unveiled the participation of kiwifruit LRR-RLP in the regulatory network of abiotic stress responses. These findings highlight the crucial roles of LRR-RLPs in mediating both biotic and abiotic stress responses in kiwifruit, offering valuable insights for the breeding of stress-resistant kiwifruit varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aidi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (A.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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29
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Maximo HJ, Araújo FDDS, Pagotto CC, Boava LP, Dalio RJD, Duarte GHB, Eberlin MN, Machado MA. Influence of Citrus sunki and Poncirus trifoliata Root Extracts on Metabolome of Phytophthora parasitica. Metabolites 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38668334 PMCID: PMC11052222 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora parasitica is an oomycete pathogen that infects a broad range of crops of worldwide economic interest; among them are citrus species. In general, some Citrus and the rootstocks of related genera offer considerable resistance against P. parasitica; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the virulence of this pathogen is crucial. In this work, P. parasitica secondary metabolite production was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with chemometric tools, and its metabolic profile was evaluated under the influence of Citrus sunki (a highly susceptible host) and Poncirus trifoliata (a resistant genotype) extracts. The root extracts of Citrus sunki had an influence on the growth and hyphae morphology, and the root extracts of P. trifoliata had an influence on the zoospore behavior. In parallel, the spatial distribution of several metabolites was revealed in P. parasitica colonies using MALDI-MSI, and the metabolite ion of m/z 246 was identified as the protonated molecule of Arg-Ala. The MALDI-MSI showed variations in the surface metabolite profile of P. parasitica under the influence of the P. trifoliata extract. The P. parasitica metabolome analysis using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS resulted in the detection of Arg-Gln (m/z 303.1775), as well as L-arginine (m/z 175.1191) and other unidentified metabolites. Significant variations in this metabolome were detected under the influence of the plant extracts when evaluated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Both techniques proved to be complementary, offering valuable insights at the molecular level when used to assess the impact of the plant extracts on microbial physiology in vitro. The metabolites identified in this study may play significant roles in the interaction or virulence of P. parasitica, but their functional characterization remains to be analyzed. Overall, these data confirm our initial hypotheses, demonstrating that P. parasitica has the capabilities of (i) recognizing host signals and altering its reproductive programing and (ii) distinguishing between hosts with varying responses in terms of reproduction and the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héros José Maximo
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Agronomic Institute, Cordeirópolis 13490-970, SP, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (R.J.D.D.)
- BioXyz Biotecnologia Microbiana e Bioprocessos e Industriais Ltda., Piracicaba 13414-224, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Diana da Silva Araújo
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (F.D.d.S.A.); (C.C.P.); (G.H.B.D.); (M.N.E.)
- Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, PI, Brazil
| | - Carolina Clepf Pagotto
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (F.D.d.S.A.); (C.C.P.); (G.H.B.D.); (M.N.E.)
| | - Leonardo Pires Boava
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Agronomic Institute, Cordeirópolis 13490-970, SP, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (R.J.D.D.)
- Centro Universitário ‘Dr. Edmundo Ulson’—UNAR, Araras 13603-112, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo José Durigan Dalio
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Agronomic Institute, Cordeirópolis 13490-970, SP, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (R.J.D.D.)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Bueno Duarte
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (F.D.d.S.A.); (C.C.P.); (G.H.B.D.); (M.N.E.)
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (F.D.d.S.A.); (C.C.P.); (G.H.B.D.); (M.N.E.)
- School of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology, MackMass Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Agronomic Institute, Cordeirópolis 13490-970, SP, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (R.J.D.D.)
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30
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Kumakura N, Singkaravanit-Ogawa S, Gan P, Tsushima A, Ishihama N, Watanabe S, Seo M, Iwasaki S, Narusaka M, Narusaka Y, Takano Y, Shirasu K. Guanosine-specific single-stranded ribonuclease effectors of a phytopathogenic fungus potentiate host immune responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:170-191. [PMID: 38348532 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Plants activate immunity upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Although phytopathogens have evolved a set of effector proteins to counteract plant immunity, some effectors are perceived by hosts and induce immune responses. Here, we show that two secreted ribonuclease effectors, SRN1 and SRN2, encoded in a phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum orbiculare, induce cell death in a signal peptide- and catalytic residue-dependent manner, when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. The pervasive presence of SRN genes across Colletotrichum species suggested the conserved roles. Using a transient gene expression system in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), an original host of C. orbiculare, we show that SRN1 and SRN2 potentiate host pattern-triggered immunity responses. Consistent with this, C. orbiculare SRN1 and SRN2 deletion mutants exhibited increased virulence on the host. In vitro analysis revealed that SRN1 specifically cleaves single-stranded RNAs at guanosine, leaving a 3'-end phosphate. Importantly, the potentiation of C. sativus responses by SRN1 and SRN2, present in the apoplast, depends on ribonuclease catalytic residues. We propose that the pathogen-derived apoplastic guanosine-specific single-stranded endoribonucleases lead to immunity potentiation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Kumakura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Pamela Gan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Tsushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ishihama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Mari Narusaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Kaga, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Narusaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Kaga, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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31
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Mierziak J, Wojtasik W. Epigenetic weapons of plants against fungal pathogens. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:175. [PMID: 38443788 PMCID: PMC10916060 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants face constant exposure to biotic stress caused by fungal attacks. The plant's response to various biotic stresses relies heavily on its ability to rapidly adjust the transcriptome. External signals are transmitted to the nucleus, leading to activation of transcription factors that subsequently enhance the expression of specific defense-related genes. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, which are closely linked to chromatin states, regulate gene expression associated with defense against biotic stress. Additionally, chromatin remodelers and non-coding RNA play a significant role in plant defense against stressors. These molecular modifications enable plants to exhibit enhanced resistance and productivity under diverse environmental conditions. Epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to stress-induced environmental epigenetic memory and priming in plants, enabling them to recall past molecular experiences and utilize this stored information for adaptation to new conditions. In the arms race between fungi and plants, a significant aspect is the cross-kingdom RNAi mechanism, whereby sRNAs can traverse organismal boundaries. Fungi utilize sRNA as an effector molecule to silence plant resistance genes, while plants transport sRNA, primarily through extracellular vesicles, to pathogens in order to suppress virulence-related genes. In this review, we summarize contemporary knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms of plant defense against attack by pathogenic fungi. The role of epigenetic mechanisms during plant-fungus symbiotic interactions is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wroclaw, 51-148, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wroclaw, 51-148, Poland.
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32
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Hudson A, Mullens A, Hind S, Jamann T, Balint-Kurti P. Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13445. [PMID: 38528659 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response is triggered at the plant cell surface by the recognition of microbe-derived molecules known as microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or molecules derived from compromised host cells called damage-associated molecular patterns. Membrane-localized receptor proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors, are responsible for this recognition. Although much of the machinery of PTI is conserved, natural variation for the PTI response exists within and across species with respect to the components responsible for pattern recognition, activation of the response, and the strength of the response induced. This review describes what is known about this variation. We discuss how variation in the PTI response can be measured and how this knowledge might be utilized in the control of plant disease and in developing plant varieties with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Hudson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Mullens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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33
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Kim HJ, Jang JW, Pham T, Tuyet V, Kim JH, Park CW, Gho YS, Kim EJ, Kwon SW, Jeon JS, Kim ST, Jung KH, Kim YJ. OsLRR-RLP2 Gene Regulates Immunity to Magnaporthe oryzae in Japonica Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2216. [PMID: 38396893 PMCID: PMC10889788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice is an important cereal crop worldwide, the growth of which is affected by rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. As climate change increases the diversity of pathogens, the disease resistance genes (R genes) in plants must be identified. The major blast-resistance genes have been identified in indica rice varieties; therefore, japonica rice varieties with R genes now need to be identified. Because leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain proteins possess R-gene properties, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify the rice candidate LRR domain receptor-like proteins (OsLRR-RLPs). OsLRR-RLP2, which contains six LRR domains, showed differences in the DNA sequence, containing 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in indica and japonica subpopulations. The results of the M. oryzae inoculation analysis indicated that indica varieties with partial deletion of OsLRR-RLP2 showed susceptibility, whereas japonica varieties with intact OsLRR-RLP2 showed resistance. The oslrr-rlp2 mutant, generated using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), showed increased pathogen susceptibility, whereas plants overexpressing this gene showed pathogen resistance. These results indicate that OsLRR-RLP2 confers resistance to rice, and OsLRR-RLP2 may be useful for breeding resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-H.K.); (C.W.P.)
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (S.-W.K.); (S.T.K.)
| | - Thuy Pham
- Graduate School of Green Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (T.P.); (V.T.); (Y.-S.G.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Van Tuyet
- Graduate School of Green Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (T.P.); (V.T.); (Y.-S.G.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-H.K.); (C.W.P.)
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-H.K.); (C.W.P.)
| | - Yun-Shil Gho
- Graduate School of Green Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (T.P.); (V.T.); (Y.-S.G.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (T.P.); (V.T.); (Y.-S.G.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (S.-W.K.); (S.T.K.)
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (T.P.); (V.T.); (Y.-S.G.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (S.-W.K.); (S.T.K.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (T.P.); (V.T.); (Y.-S.G.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-H.K.); (C.W.P.)
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Brulé D, Héloir MC, Roudaire T, Villette J, Bonnet S, Pascal Y, Darblade B, Crozier P, Hugueney P, Coma V, Poinssot B. Increasing vineyard sustainability: innovating a targeted chitosan-derived biocontrol solution to induce grapevine resistance against downy and powdery mildews. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1360254. [PMID: 38384763 PMCID: PMC10879612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1360254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The European Green Deal aims to reduce the pesticide use, notably by developing biocontrol products to protect crops from diseases. Indeed, the use of significant amounts of chemicals negatively impact the environment such as soil microbial biodiversity or groundwater quality, and human health. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was selected as one of the first targeted crop due to its economic importance and its dependence on fungicides to control the main damaging diseases worldwide: grey mold, downy and powdery mildews. Chitosan, a biopolymer extracted from crustacean exoskeletons, has been used as a biocontrol agent in many plant species, including grapevine, against a variety of cryptogamic diseases such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and grey mold (Botrytis cinerea). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its mode of action remain unclear: is it a direct biopesticide effect or an indirect elicitation activity, or both? In this study, we investigated six chitosans with diverse degrees of polymerization (DP) ranging from low to high DP (12, 25, 33, 44, 100, and 470). We scrutinized their biological activities by evaluating both their antifungal properties and their abilities to induce grapevine immune responses. To investigate their elicitor activity, we analyzed their ability to induce MAPKs phosphorylation, the activation of defense genes and metabolite changes in grapevine. Our results indicate that the chitosans with a low DP are more effective in inducing grapevine defenses and possess the strongest biopesticide effect against B. cinerea and P. viticola. We identified chitosan with DP12 as the most efficient resistance inducer. Then, chitosan DP12 has been tested against downy and powdery mildews in the vineyard trials performed during the last three years. Results obtained indicated that a chitosan-based biocontrol product could be sufficiently efficient when the amount of pathogen inoculum is quite low and could be combined with only two fungicide treatments during whole season programs to obtain a good protection efficiency. On the whole, a chitosan-based biocontrol product could become an interesting alternative to meet the chemicals reduction targeted in sustainable viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphnée Brulé
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Roudaire
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jérémy Villette
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Hugueney
- UMR-A 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Coma
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Cabre L, Jing L, Makechemu M, Heluin K, El Khamlichi S, Leprince J, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Pluchon S, Mollet JC, Zipfel C, Nguema-Ona E. Additive and Specific Effects of Elicitor Treatments on the Metabolic Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:112-126. [PMID: 37903461 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-23-0051-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Several elicitors of plant defense have been identified and numerous efforts to use them in the field have been made. Exogenous elicitor treatments mimic the in planta activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial flg22 or fungal chitins. Early transcriptional responses to distinct PAMPs are mostly overlapping, regardless of the elicitor being used. However, it remains poorly known if the same patterns are observed for metabolites and proteins produced later during PTI. In addition, little is known about the impact of a combination of elicitors on PTI and the level of induced resistance to pathogens. Here, we monitored Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000) following application of flg22 and chitosan elicitors, used individually or in combination. A slight, but not statistically significant increase in induced resistance was observed when the elicitors were applied together when compared with individual treatments. We investigated the effect of these treatments on the metabolome by using an untargeted analysis. We found that the combination of flg22 and chitosan impacted a higher number of metabolites and deregulated specific metabolic pathways compared with the elicitors individually. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to elicitors, which might help better rationalize their use in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cabre
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
| | - Lun Jing
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Plateforme de Chimie et Bio-Analyse, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
| | - Moffat Makechemu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kylhan Heluin
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sarah El Khamlichi
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSERM, HERACLES US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
| | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
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Ngou BPM, Wyler M, Schmid MW, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Evolutionary trajectory of pattern recognition receptors in plants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:308. [PMID: 38302456 PMCID: PMC10834447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including immunity, development, and reproduction, across diverse organisms. How cell-surface receptors evolve to become specialised in different biological processes remains elusive. To shed light on the immune-specificity of cell-surface receptors, we analyzed more than 200,000 genes encoding cell-surface receptors from 350 genomes and traced the evolutionary origin of immune-specific leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) in plants. Surprisingly, we discovered that the motifs crucial for co-receptor interaction in LRR-RLPs are closely related to those of the LRR-receptor-like kinase (RLK) subgroup Xb, which perceives phytohormones and primarily governs growth and development. Functional characterisation further reveals that LRR-RLPs initiate immune responses through their juxtamembrane and transmembrane regions, while LRR-RLK-Xb members regulate development through their cytosolic kinase domains. Our data suggest that the cell-surface receptors involved in immunity and development share a common origin. After diversification, their ectodomains, juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and cytosolic regions have either diversified or stabilised to recognise diverse ligands and activate differential downstream responses. Our work reveals a mechanism by which plants evolve to perceive diverse signals to activate the appropriate responses in a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
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Kamble A, Michavila S, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Redkar A. Shared infection strategy of a fungal pathogen across diverse lineages of land plants, the Fusarium example. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102498. [PMID: 38142620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage with a wide variety of microorganisms either in parasitic or mutualistic relationships, which have helped them to adapt to terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial interactions have driven plant evolution and led to the emergence of complex interaction outcomes via suppression of host defenses by evolving pathogens. The evolution of plant-microbe interactions is shaped by conserved host and pathogen gene modules and fast-paced lineage-specific adaptability which determines the interaction outcome. Recent findings from different microbes ranging from bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi suggest recurrent concepts in establishing interactions with evolutionarily distant plant hosts, but also clade-specific adaptation that ultimately contributes to pathogenicity. Here, we revisit some of the latest features that illustrate shared colonization strategies of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum on distant plant lineages and lineage-specific adaptability of mini-chromosomal units encoding effectors, for shaping host-specific pathogenicity in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Santiago Michavila
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Campus Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Selena Gimenez-Ibanez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Campus Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Amey Redkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (NCBS-TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
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Oliveira-Garcia E, Yan X, Oses-Ruiz M, de Paula S, Talbot NJ. Effector-triggered susceptibility by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1007-1020. [PMID: 38073141 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice blast, the most destructive disease of cultivated rice world-wide, is caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. To cause disease in plants, M. oryzae secretes a diverse range of effector proteins to suppress plant defense responses, modulate cellular processes, and support pathogen growth. Some effectors can be secreted by appressoria even before host penetration, while others accumulate in the apoplast, or enter living plant cells where they target specific plant subcellular compartments. During plant infection, the blast fungus induces the formation of a specialized plant structure known as the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which appears to be crucial for effector delivery into plant cells. Here, we review recent advances in the cell biology of M. oryzae-host interactions and show how new breakthroughs in disease control have stemmed from an increased understanding of effector proteins of M. oryzae are deployed and delivered into plant cells to enable pathogen invasion and host susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Oliveira-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Xia Yan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Miriam Oses-Ruiz
- IMAB, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Samuel de Paula
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Lortzing V, Valsamakis G, Jantzen F, Hundacker J, Paniagua Voirol LR, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Hilker M. Plant defensive responses to insect eggs are inducible by general egg-associated elicitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1076. [PMID: 38212511 PMCID: PMC10784483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Egg deposition by herbivorous insects is well known to elicit defensive plant responses. Our study aimed to elucidate the insect and plant species specificity of these responses. To study the insect species specificity, we treated Arabidopsis thaliana with egg extracts and egg-associated secretions of a sawfly (Diprion pini), a beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) and a butterfly (Pieris brassicae). All egg extracts elicited salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in the plant, and all secretions induced expression of plant genes known to be responsive to the butterfly eggs, among them Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes. All secretions contained phosphatidylcholine derivatives, known elicitors of SA accumulation and PR gene expression in Arabidopsis. The sawfly egg extract did not induce plant camalexin levels, while the other extracts did. Our studies on the plant species specificity revealed that Solanum dulcamara and Ulmus minor responded with SA accumulation and cell death to P. brassicae eggs, i.e. responses also known for A. thaliana. However, the butterfly eggs induced neoplasms only in S. dulcamara. Our results provide evidence for general, phosphatidylcholine-based, egg-associated elicitors of plant responses and for conserved plant core responses to eggs, but also point to plant and insect species-specific traits in plant-insect egg interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Lortzing
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Jantzen
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janik Hundacker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R Paniagua Voirol
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
- Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Core-Facility BioSupraMol, PharmaMS Subunit, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany.
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Payá C, Belda-Palazón B, Vera-Sirera F, Pérez-Pérez J, Jordá L, Rodrigo I, Bellés JM, López-Gresa MP, Lisón P. Signalling mechanisms and agricultural applications of ( Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate-mediated stomatal closure. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad248. [PMID: 38239809 PMCID: PMC10794947 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses can severely limit crop productivity. In response to drought, plants close stomata to prevent water loss. Furthermore, stomata are the main entry point for several pathogens. Therefore, the development of natural products to control stomata closure can be considered a sustainable strategy to cope with stresses in agriculture. Plants respond to different stresses by releasing volatile organic compounds. Green leaf volatiles, which are commonly produced across different plant species after tissue damage, comprise an important group within volatile organic compounds. Among them, (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate (HB) was described as a natural inducer of stomatal closure, playing an important role in stomatal immunity, although its mechanism of action is still unknown. Through different genetic, pharmacological, and biochemical approaches, we here uncover that HB perception initiates various defence signalling events, such as activation of Ca2+ permeable channels, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and production of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, HB-mediated stomata closure was found to be independent of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signalling. Additionally, exogenous treatments with HB alleviate water stress and improve fruit productivity in tomato plants. The efficacy of HB was also tested under open field conditions, leading to enhanced resistance against Phytophthora spp. and Pseudomonas syringae infection in potato and tomato plants, respectively. Taken together, our results provide insights into the HB signalling transduction pathway, confirming its role in stomatal closure and plant immune system activation, and propose HB as a new phytoprotectant for the sustainable control of biotic and abiotic stresses in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Payá
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Vera-Sirera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Rodrigo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Purificación Lisón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8E, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
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Sirangelo TM. NLR- and mlo-Based Resistance Mechanisms against Powdery Mildew in Cannabis sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:105. [PMID: 38202413 PMCID: PMC10780410 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most common Cannabis sativa diseases. In spite of this, very few documented studies have characterized the resistance genes involved in PM defense mechanisms, or sources of natural genetic resistance in cannabis. The focus of the present work is on the two primary mechanisms for qualitative resistance against PM. The first is based on resistance (R) genes characterized by conserved nucleotide-binding site and/or leucine-rich repeat domains (NLRs). The second one involves susceptibility (S) genes, and particularly mildew resistance locus o (MLO) genes, whose loss-of-function mutations seem to be a reliable way to protect plants from PM infection. Cannabis defenses against PM are thus discussed, mainly detailing the strategies based on these two mechanisms. Emerging studies about this research topic are also reported and, based on the most significant results, a potential PM resistance model in cannabis plant-pathogen interactions is proposed. Finally, innovative approaches, based on the pyramiding of multiple R genes, as well as on genetic engineering and genome editing methods knocking out S genes, are discussed, to obtain durable PM-resistant cannabis cultivars with a broad-spectrum resistance range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana M Sirangelo
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development-Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, 00123 Rome, Italy
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Zhang J, Li H, Gu W, Zhang K, Liu X, Liu M, Yang L, Li G, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Peroxisome dynamics determines host-derived ROS accumulation and infectious growth of the rice blast fungus. mBio 2023; 14:e0238123. [PMID: 37966176 PMCID: PMC10746245 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02381-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The interplay between plant and pathogen is a dynamic process, with the host's innate defense mechanisms serving a crucial role in preventing infection. In response to many plant pathogen infections, host cells generate the key regulatory molecule, reactive oxygen species (ROS), to limit the spread of the invading organism. In this study, we reveal the effects of fungal peroxisome dynamics on host ROS homeostasis, during the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae infection. The elongation of the peroxisome appears contingent upon ROS and links to the accumulation of ROS within the host and the infectious growth of the pathogen. Importantly, we identify a peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, MoKat2, responsible for the elongation of the peroxisome during the infection. In response to host-derived ROS, the homodimer of MoKat2 undergoes dissociation to bind peroxisome membranes for peroxisome elongation. This process, in turn, inhibits the accumulation of host ROS, which is necessary for successful infection. Overall, our study is the first to highlight the intricate relationship between fungal organelle dynamics and ROS-mediated host immunity, extending the fundamental knowledge of pathogen-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangliu Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang R, Li C, Jia Z, Su Y, Ai Y, Li Q, Guo X, Tao Z, Lin F, Liang Y. Reversible phosphorylation of a lectin-receptor-like kinase controls xylem immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:2051-2066.e7. [PMID: 37977141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate basal resistance to most phytopathogens. However, plant responses can be cell type specific, and the mechanisms governing xylem immunity remain largely unknown. We show that the lectin-receptor-like kinase LORE contributes to xylem basal resistance in Arabidopsis upon infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, a destructive plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem to cause bacterial wilt. Following R. solanacearum infection, LORE is activated by phosphorylation at residue S761, initiating a phosphorelay that activates reactive oxygen species production and cell wall lignification. To prevent prolonged activation of immune signaling, LORE recruits and phosphorylates type 2C protein phosphatase LOPP, which dephosphorylates LORE and attenuates LORE-mediated xylem immunity to maintain immune homeostasis. A LOPP knockout confers resistance against bacterial wilt disease in Arabidopsis and tomatoes without impacting plant growth. Thus, our study reveals a regulatory mechanism in xylem immunity involving the reversible phosphorylation of receptor-like kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Jia
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaxing Su
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Ai
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Leitão ST, Rubiales D, Vaz Patto MC. Identification of novel sources of partial and incomplete hypersensitive resistance to rust and associated genomic regions in common bean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:610. [PMID: 38041043 PMCID: PMC10691055 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the legume crops most consumed worldwide and bean rust is one of the most severe foliar biotrophic fungal diseases impacting its production. In this work, we searched for new sources of rust resistance (Uromyces appendiculatus) in a representative collection of the Portuguese germplasm, known to have accessions with an admixed genetic background between Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. We identified six accessions with incomplete hypersensitive resistance and 20 partially resistant accessions of Andean, Mesoamerican, and admixed origin. We detected 11 disease severity-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a genome-wide association approach. Six of the associations were related to partial (incomplete non-hypersensitive) resistance and five to incomplete hypersensitive resistance, and the proportion of variance explained by each association varied from 4.7 to 25.2%. Bean rust severity values ranged from 0.2 to 49.1% and all the infection types were identified, reflecting the diversity of resistance mechanisms deployed by the Portuguese germplasm.The associations with U. appendiculatus partial resistance were located in chromosome Pv08, and with incomplete hypersensitive resistance in chromosomes Pv06, Pv07, and Pv08, suggesting an oligogenic inheritance of both types of resistance. A resolution to the gene level was achieved for eight of the associations. The candidate genes proposed included several resistance-associated enzymes, namely β-amylase 7, acyl-CoA thioesterase, protein kinase, and aspartyl protease. Both SNPs and candidate genes here identified constitute promising genomics targets to develop functional molecular tools to support bean rust resistance precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Trindade Leitão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
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45
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Hu S, Jin M, Xu Y, Wu Q, Jiang Q, Ma J, Zhang Y, Qi P, Chen G, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Xu Q. Deacetylation of chitin oligomers by Fusarium graminearum polysaccharide deacetylase suppresses plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1495-1509. [PMID: 37746915 PMCID: PMC10632789 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine that forms rigid microfibrils to maintain the hyphal form and protect it from host attacks. Chitin oligomers are first recognized by the plant receptors in the apoplast region, priming the plant's immune system. Here, seven polysaccharide deacetylases (PDAs) were identified and their activities on chitin substrates were investigated via systematic characterization of the PDA family from Fusarium graminearum. Among these PDAs, FgPDA5 was identified as an important virulence factor and was specifically expressed during pathogenesis. ΔFgpda5 compromised the pathogen's ability to infect wheat. The polysaccharide deacetylase structure of FgPDA5 is essential for the pathogenicity of F. graminearum. FgPDA5 formed a homodimer and accumulated in the plant apoplast. In addition, FgPDA5 showed a high affinity toward chitin substrates. FgPDA5-mediated deacetylation of chitin oligomers prevented activation of plant defence responses. Overall, our results identify FgPDA5 as a polysaccharide deacetylase that can prevent chitin-triggered host immunity in plant apoplast through deacetylation of chitin oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Minxia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yangjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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46
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Rebaque D, López G, Sanz Y, Vilaplana F, Brunner F, Mélida H, Molina A. Subcritical water extraction of Equisetum arvense biomass withdraws cell wall fractions that trigger plant immune responses and disease resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:401-414. [PMID: 37129736 PMCID: PMC10730674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex structures mainly made up of carbohydrate and phenolic polymers. In addition to their structural roles, cell walls function as external barriers against pathogens and are also reservoirs of glycan structures that can be perceived by plant receptors, activating Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). Since these PTI-active glycans are usually released upon plant cell wall degradation, they are classified as Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Identification of DAMPs imply their extraction from plant cell walls by using multistep methodologies and hazardous chemicals. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) has been shown to be an environmentally sustainable alternative and a simplified methodology for the generation of glycan-enriched fractions from different cell wall sources, since it only involves the use of water. Starting from Equisetum arvense cell walls, we have explored two different SWE sequential extractions (isothermal at 160 ºC and using a ramp of temperature from 100 to 160 ºC) to obtain glycans-enriched fractions, and we have compared them with those generated with a standard chemical-based wall extraction. We obtained SWE fractions enriched in pectins that triggered PTI hallmarks in Arabidopsis thaliana such as calcium influxes, reactive oxygen species production, phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases and overexpression of immune-related genes. Notably, application of selected SWE fractions to pepper plants enhanced their disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These data support the potential of SWE technology in extracting PTI-active fractions from plant cell wall biomass containing DAMPs and the use of SWE fractions in sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rebaque
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- PlantResponse Inc, Centro de Empresas, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- PlantResponse Inc, Centro de Empresas, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frèderic Brunner
- PlantResponse Inc, Centro de Empresas, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain.
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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Chandan RK, Kumar R, Kabyashree K, Yadav SK, Roy M, Swain DM, Jha G. A prophage tail-like protein facilitates the endophytic growth of Burkholderia gladioli and mounting immunity in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1202-1218. [PMID: 37559429 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A prophage tail-like protein (Bg_9562) of Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1 possesses broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and it is required for the bacterial ability to forage over fungi. Here, we analyzed whether heterologous overexpression of Bg_9562 or exogenous treatment with purified protein can impart disease tolerance in tomato. The physiological relevance of Bg_9562 during endophytic growth of NGJ1 was also investigated. Bg_9562 overexpressing lines demonstrate fungal and bacterial disease tolerance. They exhibit enhanced expression of defense genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment with Bg_9562 protein induces defense responses and imparts immunity in wild-type tomato. The defense-inducing ability lies within 18-51 aa region of Bg_9562 and is due to sequence homology with the bacterial flagellin epitope. Interaction studies suggest that Bg_9562 is perceived by FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 homologs in tomato. The silencing of SlSERK3s (BAK1 homologs) prevents Bg_9562-triggered immunity. Moreover, type III secretion system-dependent translocation of Bg_9562 into host apoplast is important for elicitation of immune responses during colonization of NGJ1. Our study emphasizes that Bg_9562 is important for the endophytic growth of B. gladioli, while the plant perceives it as an indirect indicator of the presence of bacteria to mount immune responses. The findings have practical implications for controlling plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Chandan
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kristi Kabyashree
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mandira Roy
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Durga Madhab Swain
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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48
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Yıldırım K, Miladinović D, Sweet J, Akin M, Galović V, Kavas M, Zlatković M, de Andrade E. Genome editing for healthy crops: traits, tools and impacts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1231013. [PMID: 37965029 PMCID: PMC10641503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop cultivars in commercial use have often been selected because they show high levels of resistance to pathogens. However, widespread cultivation of these crops for many years in the environments favorable to a pathogen requires durable forms of resistance to maintain "healthy crops". Breeding of new varieties tolerant/resistant to biotic stresses by incorporating genetic components related to durable resistance, developing new breeding methods and new active molecules, and improving the Integrated Pest Management strategies have been of great value, but their effectiveness is being challenged by the newly emerging diseases and the rapid change of pathogens due to climatic changes. Genome editing has provided new tools and methods to characterize defense-related genes in crops and improve crop resilience to disease pathogens providing improved food security and future sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discuss the principal traits, tools and impacts of utilizing genome editing techniques for achieving of durable resilience and a "healthy plants" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jeremy Sweet
- Sweet Environmental Consultants, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meleksen Akin
- Department of Horticulture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Türkiye
| | - Vladislava Galović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eugenia de Andrade
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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49
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Rufián JS, Rueda-Blanco J, Beuzón CR, Ruiz-Albert J. Suppression of NLR-mediated plant immune detection by bacterial pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6069-6088. [PMID: 37429579 PMCID: PMC10575702 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system is constituted of two functionally interdependent branches that provide the plant with an effective defense against microbial pathogens. They can be considered separate since one detects extracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns by means of receptors on the plant surface, while the other detects pathogen-secreted virulence effectors via intracellular receptors. Plant defense depending on both branches can be effectively suppressed by host-adapted microbial pathogens. In this review we focus on bacterially driven suppression of the latter, known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and dependent on diverse NOD-like receptors (NLRs). We examine how some effectors secreted by pathogenic bacteria carrying type III secretion systems can be subject to specific NLR-mediated detection, which can be evaded by the action of additional co-secreted effectors (suppressors), implying that virulence depends on the coordinated action of the whole repertoire of effectors of any given bacterium and their complex epistatic interactions within the plant. We consider how ETI activation can be avoided by using suppressors to directly alter compromised co-secreted effectors, modify plant defense-associated proteins, or occasionally both. We also comment on the potential assembly within the plant cell of multi-protein complexes comprising both bacterial effectors and defense protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Rufián
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Depto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Carmen R Beuzón
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Depto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Depto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Málaga, Spain
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Wu B, Qi F, Liang Y. Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1124-1131. [PMID: 37188557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling has an important role in plant innate immune responses and is primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. NADPH serves as a fuel for RBOHs and limits the rate or amount of ROS production. Molecular regulation of RBOHs has been extensively studied; however, the source of NADPH for RBOHs has received little attention. Here, we review ROS signaling and the regulation of RBOHs in the plant immune system with a focus on NADPH regulation to achieve ROS homeostasis. We propose an idea to regulate the levels of NADPH as part of a new strategy to control ROS signaling and the corresponding downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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