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Zhang M, Ho E, Nowinski CJ, Fox RS, Ayturk E, Karpouzian-Rogers T, Novack M, Dodge HH, Weintraub S, Gershon R. The Paradox in Positive and Negative Aspects of Emotional Functioning Among Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment. J Aging Health 2024; 36:471-483. [PMID: 37800686 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231199806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Emotional functioning in older adults is influenced by normal aging and cognitive impairment, likely heterogeneous across positive versus negative aspects of emotional functioning. Little is known about positive emotional experiences at the early stages of cognitive impairment. Methods: We assessed different aspects of emotional functioning among 448 participants aged 65+ (Normal Control (NC) = 276, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) = 103, and mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (mild DAT) = 69) and tested moderators. Results: Compared to NC, older adults with MCI and mild DAT have maintained many positive aspects of emotional functioning, despite higher levels of negative affect, sadness, and loneliness. Among the oldest-old, the mild DAT group experienced higher fear and lower self-efficacy. Discussion: Older adults at early stages of cognitive impairment can experience positive aspects of emotional functioning, such as positive affect, purpose, and life satisfaction, all of which are important buildable psychological resources for coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrui Zhang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cindy J Nowinski
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rina S Fox
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ezgi Ayturk
- College of Social Sciences and Humanities, KOC Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Novack
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Gershon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Rubtsova AA, Taylor TN, Wingood G, Ofotokun I, Gustafson D, Vance DE, Holstad M. "As I Grew Older, My Life Got Better": Conceptions of Successful Aging among Older Women Living with or at Risk of HIV. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1581-1593. [PMID: 38231362 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Successful aging (SA) is an important target for HIV care. However, we have insufficient understanding of how older women living with HIV (OWLH) in the US define SA. We explored conceptions of SA by OWLH and older women at risk of HIV and examined whether SA conceptions differed by (1) HIV serostatus, and (2) participation in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). These analyses were part of a larger mixed-methods study with a sequential design. Participants were recruited at two clinical WIHS sites. We enrolled both WIHS participants and non-WIHS clinic patients. Our sample was 84% Black and included 29 OWLH and 15 older women at risk of HIV. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews and four focus groups. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and relational analysis. We found four interlinked themes: life course perspective, accepting and celebrating aging, taking care of yourself, and looking good. The life course perspective was a core theme: participants assessed their aging in comparison to their earlier life hardships. These themes were similarly present among OWLH and older women at risk of HIV, although OWLH emphasized taking care of HIV. SA conceptualizations by OWLH did not differ whether or not they participated in the WIHS. Women living with or at risk of HIV may experience severe hardships throughout their lives. Overcoming these hardships may be linked to SA. Assessing the needs and connecting women to resources and programs are critical for SA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rubtsova
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Tonya N Taylor
- College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gina Wingood
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David E Vance
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marcia Holstad
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Turrini S, Wong B, Eldaief M, Press DZ, Sinclair DA, Koch G, Avenanti A, Santarnecchi E. The multifactorial nature of healthy brain ageing: Brain changes, functional decline and protective factors. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101939. [PMID: 37116664 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
As the global population faces a progressive shift towards a higher median age, understanding the mechanisms underlying healthy brain ageing has become of paramount importance for the preservation of cognitive abilities. The first part of the present review aims to provide a comprehensive look at the anatomical changes the healthy brain endures with advanced age, while also summarizing up to date findings on modifiable risk factors to support a healthy ageing process. Subsequently, we describe the typical cognitive profile displayed by healthy older adults, conceptualizing the well-established age-related decline as an impairment of four main cognitive factors and relating them to their neural substrate previously described; different cognitive trajectories displayed by typical Alzheimer's Disease patients and successful agers with a high cognitive reserve are discussed. Finally, potential effective interventions and protective strategies to promote cognitive reserve and defer cognitive decline are reviewed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Neuropsychology Program, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Z Press
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of ageing Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Rodriguez TM, Sheffler P, Ferguson LE, Rebok GW, Wu R. Cognitive and Functional Improvement via Novel Skill Learning for Low-Income Minoritized Middle-Aged and Older Adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:926-935. [PMID: 35895188 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated beneficial outcomes for learning new skills in older adulthood, including increased cognitive and functional abilities, which help prevent age-related declines and foster healthy aging. However, these studies largely have included participants not typically considered at risk for cognitive and functional decline (i.e., White, highly educated, higher income). Cognitive and functional disparities exist among minoritized racial and ethnic individuals, particularly Black and Latinx populations, because of a lifetime of inequalities associated with low socioeconomic status, low education, and discrimination. This theoretical paper proposes a potential pathway in which such disparities could be mitigated by increasing cognitive and functional abilities via novel skill learning in these at-risk populations in middle and later life to prevent decline. We also discuss indirect barriers (e.g., financial and health issues), direct barriers (e.g., limited learning opportunities), and motivational barriers (e.g., self-beliefs, values) that these adults may encounter. We further highlight that addressing these barriers to novel skill learning by providing appropriate resources is necessary to maximize the feasibility and potential effectiveness of this pathway. Lastly, we encourage future research to test this pathway and help inform policymakers and existing learning programs to implement better ways of promoting lifelong learning in an inclusive and equitable manner to prevent decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Sheffler
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Leah E Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - George W Rebok
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
- Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research, Baltimore, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Rachel Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
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5
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Zhao Y. Socioeconomic Positions and Midlife Health Trajectories in a Changing Social Context: Evidence from China, 1991-2006. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:39-61. [PMID: 36789677 DOI: 10.1177/00221465221150381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative (dis)advantage theory posits that socioeconomic disparities in health may increase with age. This study examines individuals' midlife health trajectories, taking account of how their life courses are embedded within changing social contexts. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2006), it examines the health gap between Chinese rural peasants and urban nonpeasants in three adjacent time periods, during which a rapid process of social change increased the inequalities between rural and urban areas. Findings show that the health gap increases more rapidly in the more recent time periods, with higher levels of inequality, indicating that health inequalities between the two groups are contingent upon the social contexts in which individuals' lives unfold. To better understand the differences observed over these time periods, further analysis will examine the roles of two structural factors: income inequality and differential access to medical care.
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6
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Longitudinal consistency of self-reports of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents in a low-income setting. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101205. [PMID: 36091299 PMCID: PMC9449854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A sizeable literature documents the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor health in later life. By and large, ACEs are measured using retrospective self-reports. Little is known about the longitudinal consistency of these self-reports in panel data with multiple measurements. This is especially true in adolescence, as most studies using ACEs self-reports have been conducted among adults. Furthermore, very few studies have explored the consistency of ACEs self-reports in low- and middle-income countries, where the reported prevalence of ACEs tends to be higher than in high-income countries. Addressing these gaps, the current study examines the consistency of ACEs self-reports among a cohort of adolescents (N = 1,878, age 10 to 16 at survey baseline) in rural Malawi. We use data from two waves of the ACE project of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health carried out in 2017-18 and 2021. In addition to the high prevalence of self-reported ACEs among adolescents in our sample, we document very low consistency of self-reports over time (average Kappa coefficient of 0.11). This low consistency is attributable not only to adolescents reporting more ACEs over time, which could be due to new exposures, but also to adolescents reporting fewer ACEs over time. Analyses of survey vignettes indicate that individual and sociocultural perceptions of abuse do not explain this low consistency. We find that external events (such as changes in socioeconomic status and negative economic shocks) and internal psychological states (such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder) both predict inconsistencies in ACEs self-reports. Compared with results from prior studies, our findings indicate that the longitudinal consistency of ACEs self-reports may be lower in adolescence than in adulthood. Taken together, these findings suggest that ACEs self-reports provided by adults may be biased by key processes unfolding in adolescence. Very low consistency of ACEs self-reports in a cohort of adolescents. Individual and sociocultural perceptions of abuse do not explain low consistency. Psychological states such as depression and PTSD predict inconsistent self-reports. Consistency of ACEs self-reports may be lower in adolescence than in adulthood.
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Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the inclusion of cognition in definitions of successful aging (SA) according to empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals.Methods: A systematic review across ISI Web of Knowledge.Results: Of the 74 included studies, there were 65 studies (87.8%) analyzing cognition as one component of multicomponent SA model (cognitive component studies), and 9 studies (12.2%) focusing solely on successful cognitive aging (SCA studies). Most of the studies operationalized cognition in SA by defining SA group and analyzing single SA indicators. A minority of the studies calculated the SA index. Finally, emergent techniques to operationalize SA as a latent variable and emergent field of cognition in SA in pathology were identified.Conclusions: The results highlight that cognition is being included in SA using different levels of complexity. Even though research investigating SA in pathology is emerging, there is currently a lack of utilization of the concept in pathological and at-risk populations.Clinical implications: The current research of cognition in SA provides several valid options to evaluate if a person is aging successfully. The emerging research indicates that people from at-risk and pathological populations can age successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mana
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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8
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Effects of Depression on Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Fixed-effects Model Analysis Using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:319-326. [PMID: 36219139 PMCID: PMC9698135 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study identified the rate of change in cognitive function of community-based middle-aged and older adults and investigated the longitudinal effects of depression, health status, and health behavior by cognitive function group [normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia] using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. METHODS This longitudinal panel analysis collected 21,425 data points from 4285 participants. Cognitive function change patterns in the groups were examined through descriptive analysis. A fixed-effects model was estimated using demographic factors, such as depression, health behavior, and disease states as independent variables. RESULTS Compared with the baseline score of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the 8-year mean score decreased by 10.51, 8.6, and 1.21 for the dementia, MCI, and normal groups, respectively. The estimates for the normal group showed that an increase in the depression score significantly negatively impacted the MMSE score (B=-0.059, P <0.001). However, compared with those of the MCI group (B=-0.044, P >0.05), the estimates of the dementia group confirmed that depression significantly negatively affected cognitive function (B=-0.146, P <0.05). CONCLUSION Each group showed different patterns of cognitive decline. An annual follow-up cognitive impairment screening to investigate changes in MMSE score in community-based older individuals can enable early detection of dementia.
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9
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Enhancing psychological resilience at the cusp of older ages: the role of social networks. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x2100180x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prior research has established a positive association between social support and psychological resilience. In this study, we seek to examine whether and to what extent aspects of individuals’ social network – specifically size (how many relatives and friends one has) and strength (how often did one communicate with close network members and at the time of important decisions) – are related to greater psychological resilience. We use data pertaining to 1,609 respondents from the Panel on Ageing and Transitions in Health Survey (PATHS), 2016–2017, a national study of 1,654 older midlife adults, aged 50–59, in Singapore. We estimate the relationship between social networks and psychological resilience, using inverse probability weighted regression adjustment to account for the possibility of a selection bias whereby individuals with larger or stronger social networks may be more resilient at the outset. We find that strong social networks are associated with greater psychological resilience among older midlife adults, regardless of the size of the network. Having a large social network is associated with greater resilience only if it is also a strong network. Maintaining stronger, even if small, social networks may enable individuals at the cusp of older ages to be better prepared to deal with stressful life events and challenges associated with older midlife.
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10
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Psychosocial Mechanisms of Self-rated Successful Aging with HIV: A Structural Equation Model. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2875-2885. [PMID: 34115265 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study tested a conceptual psychosocial model of self-rated successful aging (SRSA) with HIV. Our sample (n = 356) included older women living with HIV (OWLH): average age 56.5 years, 73% Black. SRSA was assessed using a research-based 10-point scale (higher scores = better outcomes). We conducted adjusted structural equation modeling. The global model included two latent variables-protective attributes (composite of positive psychosocial factors: resilience, personal mastery, optimism, spirituality) and psychological distress (composite of negative psychosocial factors: anxiety, depression, loneliness, internalized HIV-related stigma). The model showed good fit (χ2(58) = 76, p = 0.06; RMSEA = 0.03; CFI = 0.99). Increased protective attributes were associated with improved SRSA both directly and mediated by improved coping with stress. While psychological distress did not have a direct effect on SRSA, it was indirectly associated with worsened SRSA via diminished protective attributes and via decreased coping with stress. Findings suggest the need for interventions enhancing positive and mitigating negative psychosocial factors in OWLH.
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11
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Wu R, Zhao J, Cheung C, Natsuaki M, Rebok G, Strickland-Hughes C. Learning as an Important Privilege: A Life Span Perspective with Implications for Successful Aging. Hum Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1159/000514554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated the cognitive and mental health benefits of learning new skills and content across the life span, enhancing knowledge as well as cognitive performance. We argue that the importance of this learning – which is not available equally to all – goes beyond the cognitive and mental health benefits. Learning is important for not only the maintenance, but also enhancement of functional independence in a dynamic environment, such as changes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and technological advances. Learning difficult skills and content is a privilege because the opportunities for learning are neither guaranteed nor universal, and it requires personal and social engagement, time, motivation, and societal support. This paper highlights the importance of considering learning new skills and content as an <i>important privilege</i> across the life span and argues that this privilege becomes increasingly exclusionary as individuals age, when social and infrastructural support for learning decreases. We highlight research on the potential positive and negative impacts of retirement, when accessibility to learning opportunities may vary, and research on learning barriers due to low expectations and limited resources from poverty. We conclude that addressing barriers to lifelong learning would advance theories on life span cognitive development and raise the bar for successful aging. In doing so, our society might imagine and achieve previously unrealized gains in life span cognitive development, through late adulthood.
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Owen R, Berry K, Brown LJE. Enhancing Older Adults' Well-Being and Quality of Life through Purposeful Activity: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 62:e317-e327. [PMID: 33558898 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Population aging represents a significant challenge for health and social care services. Older adults who engage in activities that offer a sense of purpose have significantly better physical and psychological health outcomes. However, age-related functional limitations and losses of social roles can present barriers to engaging in purposeful activity, especially for those older adults within the 'oldest old' age range (i.e. 80 years and over). This review aimed to determine the nature and effectiveness of purposeful activity interventions in older adults, aged ≥80 years, with respect to well-being and quality of life outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three databases were searched from their inception to April 2020. The search yielded 8,916 records, which resulted in eight eligible studies. RESULTS The interventions were divided into two groups: (1) interventions that gave participants a specific functional role, such as volunteer or mentor (n=5); (2) interventions that supported participants to develop a new skill (n=3). The quality of the evidence was variable. The strongest evidence was for interventions that assigned a functional role, which appeared to be somewhat effective in improving well-being outcomes. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS There is preliminary evidence that purposeful activity interventions, particularly those that involved taking on a functional role, can improve well-being and quality of life outcomes in older adults aged 80 years and over. These findings have implications for professionals and carers to support older adults to access more purposeful social roles and create opportunities for helping and reciprocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Owen
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Laura J E Brown
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
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13
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Stenner BJ, Buckley JD, Mosewich AD. Reasons why older adults play sport: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:530-541. [PMID: 33308804 PMCID: PMC7749227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known contribution of sport to health and well-being, sport participation declines in older age. However, for some people, sport continues to play an important role in older age and may contribute to improved health and well-being in older years. Although the health-related benefits of participating in sport are commonly reported, the reasons why some older adults continue to play sport are not well understood. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify studies from the literature that evaluated the reasons why older adults (aged 55 years and older) participate in sport and (2) synthesize and discuss the reasons for their participation reported in the literature. METHODS Searches of the electronic databases Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were performed. Studies were included that evaluated reasons for sport participation in adults aged 55 years and older because this is the age at which sport participation has been reported to begin declining. The studies included in this review used qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods designs, were peer reviewed, and were published in the English language before the search date (20 January 2019). RESULTS A total of 1732 studies were identified. After exclusions, 30 studies were included in the review (16 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and 4 mixed methods). The review presents several features and findings from the studies, including a description and systematization of the reasons for participating in sport and the main reasons that participants gave for participating in sport (maintaining health, feeling and being part of a community, and taking advantage of opportunities to develop relationships). Other reasons included competing and attaining a feeling of achievement, taking advantage of opportunities for travel, and being part of a team. Sport was identified as contributing to the overall experience of successful ageing. There were few comparative differences for participating in sport, and there were only small differences between genders for the reasons given for participation. Generally, the quality of the studies was good; however, mixed methods studies lacked appropriate data analysis procedures. CONCLUSION Older adults play sport for a range of health-related and social reasons that can contribute to the experience of successful ageing. Strategies to increase sport participation by older adults should focus on promoting these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Stenner
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Amber D Mosewich
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
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14
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Social Inequalities and Loneliness as Predictors of Ageing Well: A Trend Analysis Using Mixed Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155314. [PMID: 32718010 PMCID: PMC7432820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study examines if education, income, and loneliness are associated with physical functioning and optimism in an ageing population in Germany. Furthermore, time trends of physical functioning and optimism as well as of associations with social inequality and loneliness are analyzed. Methods: The German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a longitudinal population-based survey of individuals aged 40 years and older, was used (four waves between 2008 and 2017, total sample size N = 23,572). Physical functioning and optimism were introduced as indicators of ageing well. Educational level, net equivalent income, and loneliness were used as predictors in linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Time trends show that physical functioning decreases over time, while optimism slightly increases. Education and income are positively associated with physical functioning, while higher loneliness correlates with lower physical functioning. Higher optimism was associated with higher income and particularly with lower loneliness. Income and notable educational inequalities in physical functioning increase over time. Time trends of the associations with optimism show decreasing income inequalities and increasing disparities in loneliness. Conclusions: Increasing educational inequalities in physical functioning and a strong association of loneliness with optimism provide information for further interventions. Targeted health promotion among the aged and addressing maladaptive social cognition are options to tackle these issues. Key areas for action on healthy ageing include, for instance, the alignment of health systems to the needs of older populations or the creation of age-friendly environments.
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15
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Zhou J, Lv Y, Mao C, Duan J, Gao X, Wang J, Yin Z, Shi W, Luo J, Kang Q, Zhang X, Wei Y, Kraus VB, Shi X. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting the 6-Year Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:864-871.e6. [PMID: 32507532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although some people with mild cognitive impairment may not suffer from dementia lifelong, about 5% of them will progress to dementia within 1 year in community settings. However, a general tool for predicting the risk of cognitive impairment was not adequately studied among older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Community-living, older adults from 22 provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS We included 10,066 older adults aged 65 years and above (mean age, 83.2 ± 11.1 years), with normal cognition at baseline in the 2002-2008 cohort and 9354 older adults (mean age, 83.5 ± 10.8 years) in the 2008-2014 cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. METHODS We measured cognitive function using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Demographic, medical, and lifestyle information was used to develop the nomogram via a Lasso selection procedure using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. We validated the nomogram internally with 2000 bootstrap resamples and externally in a later cohort. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were measured by area-under-the-curves and calibration curves, respectively. RESULTS Eight factors were identified with which to construct the nomogram: age, baseline of the Mini-Mental State Examination, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living score, chewing ability, visual function, history of stroke, watching TV or listening to the radio, and growing flowers or raising pets. The area-under-the-curves for internal and external validation were 0.891 and 0.867, respectively, for predicting incident cognitive impairment. The calibration curves showed good consistency between nomogram-based predictions and observations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The nomogram-based prediction yielded consistent results in 2 separate large cohorts. This feasible prognostic nomogram constructed using readily ascertained information may assist public health practitioners or physicians to provide preventive interventions of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhou
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxue Yin
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Watt AD, Konnert CA. Body satisfaction and self-esteem among middle-aged and older women: the mediating roles of social and temporal comparisons and self-objectification. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:797-804. [PMID: 30588850 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1544222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The relationship between body satisfaction and self-esteem among older women is understudied, in particular the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate social and temporal comparisons and self-objectification, their relationship to body satisfaction and self-esteem, and the extent to which they mediated the relationship between body satisfaction and self-esteem.Method: Women (N = 180) between the ages of 55 and 91 (mean age = 66 years) completed questionnaires assessing body satisfaction, self-esteem, social and temporal comparisons, and self-objectification.Results: Most correlations between body satisfaction, social and temporal comparisons, self-objectification, and self-esteem were highly significant in the expected directions. Upward temporal comparison was used most frequently followed by downward social comparison. Upward temporal comparisons most often targeted the 30 s and 40 s, while social comparisons most often targeted same age peers. Women were more likely to endorse competence-based over appearance-based self-objectification items. Upward and downward social comparison mediated the relationship between body satisfaction and self-esteem, with the strongest indirect effects among younger women.Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of temporal and social comparison in maintaining body satisfaction among middle-aged and older women and their tendency to emphasize competence versus appearance in evaluating their bodies. Results are discussed in the context of developmental and cohort effects that influence body satisfaction among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli D Watt
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Candace A Konnert
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Lu Z, Zhao T, Tao L, Yu Q, Yang Y, Cheng J, Lu S, Ding Q. Cystathionine β-Synthase-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide Correlates with Successful Aging in Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:513-520. [PMID: 30799778 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Guerrero LR, Menkin JA, Carrillo CA, Reyes CE, Trejo L, Banks C, Sarkisian CA. Community-Partnered Evaluation of the Aging Mastery Program in Los Angeles Area Senior Centers. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 47:57-66. [PMID: 31630566 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119882992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The National Council on Aging's Aging Mastery Program (AMP) aims to help older adults implement health behavior and lifestyle changes to promote healthy aging and social engagement. The purpose of the present community-partnered evaluation was to test the effectiveness of AMP implementation in Los Angeles County to improve participants' quality of life, global physical and mental health, and patient activation. Method. A modified randomized wait-list controlled trial design was used to examine experimental, quasi-experimental, and dose-response evidence in five senior centers. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and after the 10-week intervention, self-reporting their overall quality of life, physical health, mental health, and patient activation. Results. Experimental, intention-to-treat analyses found AMP assignment did not affect any measured outcomes (n = 71). Quasi-experimental, "as treated" analyses (n = 106) controlling for study site and sociodemographic characteristics indicated that participants who attended AMP reported more positive changes in global mental health than the control group. Attending AMP was not associated with changes in quality of life, physical health, or patient activation. Dose-response analyses among AMP participants who attended at least one class (n = 75) found that attending more classes was not significantly associated with greater improvements in mental health. Conclusions. Experimental, intention-to-treat analyses did not support effectiveness of AMP on quality of life, physical or mental health, or patient activation; quasi-experimental analyses found attending AMP was associated with improvements in mental health. Recruitment challenges and participants' nonadherence with condition assignment decreased our ability to detect effects. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03342729?term=Aging+Mastery+Program&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura Trejo
- City of Los Angeles Department of Aging, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The Biology of Human Resilience: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience Across the Life Span. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:443-453. [PMID: 31466561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent scientific and technological advances have brought us closer to being able to apply a true biopsychosocial approach to the study of resilience in humans. Decades of research have identified a range of psychosocial protective factors in the face of stress and trauma. Progress in resilience research is now advancing our understanding of the biology underlying these protective factors at multiple phenotypic levels, including stress response systems, neural circuitry function, and immune responses, in interaction with genetic factors. It is becoming clear that resilience involves active and unique biological processes that buffer the organism against the impact of stress, not simply involve a reversal of pathological mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in the field, highlighting key psychosocial milestones and accompanying biological changes during development, and into adulthood and old age. Continued advances in our understanding of psychological, social, and biological determinants of resilience will contribute to the development of novel interventions and help optimize the type and timing of intervention for those most at risk, resulting in a possible new framework for enhancing resilience across the life span.
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Luo MS, Li LW. Are Self-perceptions of Aging Associated With Health Trajectories Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019; 60:841-850. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Older adults’ health trajectory is often pictured as loss and decline. Recent literature has questioned this assumption. Conceptualizing health as a multidimensional construct, encompassing physical disabilities, functional limitations, chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, memory problems, and self-rated health, we investigated patterns of health trajectories among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between self-perceptions of aging (SPAs) and health trajectory patterns.
Research Design and Methods
We used latent class growth modeling to examine health trajectory patterns, based on longitudinal data with 4 measurement points over a 7-year period from a national sample of 10,212 middle-aged and older adults (aged 51 and older). Multinomial logit models were used to examine how health trajectory patterns were associated with baseline SPA.
Results
We identified 4 health trajectory patterns: accelerated aging, usual aging, depressed aging, and healthy aging. The full model shows that with each one-unit increase in negative SPA, the odds of belonging to an accelerated aging group, depressed aging group, and usual aging group (vs healthy aging group) increased by 26%, 17%, and 9%, respectively.
Discussion and Implications
The combination of health changes across different domains results in health trajectories that cannot be understood as simply a declining process. SPAs are associated with individuals’ trajectories of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sha Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam
| | - Lydia W Li
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:To examine the contribution of vigorous physical activity to subsequent cognitive functioning, taking into account the effect of social network. METHODS The sample included respondents aged 65 years and older who participated in both the fourth and sixth waves of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (n = 17,104). Cognitive functioning in Wave 6, measured as the average of standardized scores for recall, fluency, and numeracy, was regressed on the extent of vigorous physical activity, social network size, and several confounders in Wave 4 (including the corresponding cognition score at baseline). Interaction terms for physical activity and network size were also considered. RESULTS Moderate and high levels of vigorous physical activity, as well as social network size, were related to the cognition outcome after controlling for the confounders. Introduction of the interaction terms showed a direct and positive association of both moderate and high physical activity with the cognition outcome scores as social network size increased. However, among respondents in small- (0-1 members) and moderate-sized networks (2-3 members), greater physical activity was unrelated to the cognition score at follow-up. Only the interaction of high social connectedness (4-7 network members) and vigorous physical activity was significant. CONCLUSIONS Vigorous physical activity is, indeed, related to subsequent cognitive functioning. However, the relationship is tempered by social network size. Therefore, interventions that increase both social connectedness and physical activity, especially among older people who are isolated and sedentary, are warranted.
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Höltge J, Mc Gee SL, Thoma MV. The curvilinear relationship of early-life adversity and successful aging: the mediating role of mental health. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:608-617. [PMID: 29447460 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1433635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The steeling effect suggests that early-life adversity can have a beneficial impact later in life. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms and long-term outcomes . The study aimed to examine the role of early-life adversity (ELA) on successful aging, and whether this relationship can be explained by mental and physical health. METHOD Socio-demographics, early-life adversity (ELA), individual quality of life (iQoL), and mental and physical health of 270 individuals (Mage = 66.82 years, 71.5% female) were assessed. Polynomial regressions and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Significant inverse U-shaped associations were found between ELA and iQoL (β = -.59, p = .005) and between ELA and mental health (β = -.64, p = .002), but not between ELA and physical health. Furthermore, mental health significantly mediated the relationship between ELA and iQoL (b = -.84, BCa CI [-1.66, -.27]). CONCLUSION Highest level of individual quality of life (i.e. successful aging) was related to a moderate amount of ELA. Additionally, mental health significantly mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that some amount of ELA could be beneficial for successful aging. Resource-focused interventions are needed to improve health and promote successful aging for an underdetected, at-risk subgroup with low early-life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Höltge
- a Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Shauna L Mc Gee
- a Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Myriam V Thoma
- a Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Abstract
Many authors over the centuries have attempted to refute popular negative stereotypes about aging. In 2010, Depp, Vahia, and Jeste reviewed theories of success in aging (Depp et al., 2010), and some examples include Erikson's life stage theory in which he posited that successful resolution of earlier conflicts led to integrity in later life instead of despair; disengagement theory referred to the fact that in our culture, aging is associated with social isolation and reduced societal involvement - with this theory, successful adaptation to aging means coping with this normative disengagement in a healthy manner; activity theory referred to continued engagement in later life; continuity theory emphasized the role of adapting oneself to maintain consistency with earlier life roles. The common theme is that longevity is not enough, and a successful aging process means delaying the onset of disability, compressing morbidity, or shortening the proportion of the lifespan in which one is disabled.
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Neurobiological findings associated with high cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:1813-1825. [PMID: 29667572 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTObjectives:to perform a comprehensive literature review of studies on older adults with exceptional cognitive performance. DESIGN We performed a systematic review using two major databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) from January 2002 to November 2017. RESULTS Quantitative analysis included nine of 4,457 studies and revealed that high-performing older adults have global preservation of the cortex, especially the anterior cingulate region, and hippocampal volumes larger than normal agers. Histological analysis of this group also exhibited decreased amyloid burden and neurofibrillary tangles compared to cognitively normal older controls. High performers that maintained memory ability after three years showed reduced amyloid positron emission tomography at baseline compared with high performers that declined. A single study on blood plasma found a set of 12 metabolites predicting memory maintenance of this group. CONCLUSION Structural and molecular brain preservation of older adults with high cognitive performance may be associated with brain maintenance. The operationalized definition of high-performing older adults must be carefully addressed using appropriate age cut-off and cognitive evaluation, including memory and non-memory tests. Further studies with a longitudinal approach that include a younger control group are essential.
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O'Connor MK, Kraft ML, Daley R, Sugarman MA, Clark EL, Scoglio AAJ, Shirk SD. The Aging Well through Interaction and Scientific Education (AgeWISE) Program. Clin Gerontol 2018; 41:412-423. [PMID: 29220623 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1387212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a randomized controlled trial of the Aging Well through Interaction and Scientific Education (AgeWISE) program, a 12-week manualized cognitive rehabilitation program designed to provide psychoeducation to older adults about the aging brain, lifestyle factors associated with successful brain aging, and strategies to compensate for age related cognitive decline. METHODS Forty-nine cognitively intact participants ≥ 60 years old were randomly assigned to the AgeWISE program (n = 25) or a no-treatment control group (n = 24). Questionnaire data were collected prior to group assignment and post intervention. Two-factor repeated-measures analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were used to compare group outcomes. RESULTS Upon completion, participants in the AgeWISE program reported increases in memory contentment and their sense of control in improving memory; no significant changes were observed in the control group. Surprisingly, participation in the group was not associated with significant changes in knowledge of memory aging, perception of memory ability, or greater use of strategies. CONCLUSIONS The AgeWISE program was successfully implemented and increased participants' memory contentment and their sense of control in improving memory in advancing age. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This study supports the use of AgeWISE to improve perspectives on healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen K O'Connor
- a Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital , Bedford , Massachusetts , USA.,b Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Malissa L Kraft
- a Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital , Bedford , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Ryan Daley
- a Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital , Bedford , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Michael A Sugarman
- a Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital , Bedford , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Erika L Clark
- c Massachusetts General Hospital and Home Base , A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Arielle A J Scoglio
- a Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital , Bedford , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Steven D Shirk
- a Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital , Bedford , Massachusetts , USA
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Calero MD, Navarro E. Variables that favour successful ageing / Variables que favorecen un envejecimiento exitoso. STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2018.1506307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Hitchcott PK, Fastame MC, Penna MP. More to Blue Zones than long life: positive psychological characteristics. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2018.1496233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Borelli WV, Carmona KC, Studart-Neto A, Nitrini R, Caramelli P, da Costa JC. Operationalized definition of older adults with high cognitive performance. Dement Neuropsychol 2018; 12:221-227. [PMID: 30425784 PMCID: PMC6200160 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-030001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on exceptional cognitive aging. Herein, we aim to objectively provide the operationalized characterization of older adults with unusually high memory ability. Some authors have defined them as "SuperAgers", individuals aged 80 years or older with memory ability similar or superior to middle-aged subjects. On the other hand, the terminology "high-performing older adults" (HPOA) seems to appropriately conceptualize these individuals without exaggeration. A threshold for age is not a reliable criterion, but may be defined as 75 and 80 years of age for developing and developed countries, respectively. We propose that HPOA may exhibit episodic memory test scores equal to or greater than those of individuals aged 50-60 years, according to the validated tables for the respective country. This group must also have global cognition scores within expected average values for age and education. Executive functioning may play a central role in the exceptional memory performance of this group. Further studies are essential to confirm existing findings and may provide important evidence for cognitive aging theory and the neurobiology of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyllians Vendramini Borelli
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Karoline Carvalho Carmona
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Studart-Neto
- Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo USP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo USP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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Menichetti J, Graffigna G, Steinsbekk A. What are the contents of patient engagement interventions for older adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2018; 101:995-1005. [PMID: 29246493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the contents of interventions reported in RCTs focusing on patient engagement of older adults. METHODS A systematic literature review based on a search for "patient engagement/activation/empowerment/involvement/participation". Interventions were classified according to: (i) specific components (micro level), (ii) single/multiple dimensions (educational, behavioral, affective) (meso level), and (iii) the studies' main educational, behavioral or affective dimension (macro level). RESULTS After screening 2749 articles, 35 were included. 20 unique components were identified, mostly behavioral or educational (45.5% each) (e.g., goal setting or written informational materials). Most interventions with a single-focus were classified as educational (31%), one was solely affective (3%). Half of the interventions covered more than one dimension, with four (11%) combining all three dimensions. Studies mainly focusing on the affective dimension included older participants (72 vs. 67 years), had a higher proportion of females (71% vs. 44%), and included other dimensions more frequently (67% vs. 31%) than did studies with a main focus on the educational dimension. CONCLUSION The contents of the interventions that focused on patient engagement of older adults tend to focus more on behavioral and educational dimensions than the affective dimension. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The possibility of adding the affective dimension into behavioral and/or educational interventions should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Menichetti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Aslak Steinsbekk
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Niclasen J, Lund L, Obel C, Larsen L. Mental health interventions among older adults: A systematic review. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:240-250. [PMID: 29781365 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818773530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review to identify documented mental health promotion interventions developed and tested among population-based older adults. METHODS A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. The literature was searched in PsycINFO and PubMed between June and September 2016. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess the quality of the included study. RESULTS In total 53 randomized controlled trial studies qualified for the systematic review. Across studies, three types of common conceptual themes emerged for interventions, including: 1) individual characteristics; 2) content and structure of the interventions; and 3) implementation of the interventions. CONCLUSIONS No specific interventions could be recommended on the aforementioned basis. We conclude that a number of factors are of central importance for an intervention to have the desired effect. If these factors are considered, mental health can be successfully promoted among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni Niclasen
- 1 Educational Psychological Services, Furesø municipality, Værløse, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Lund
- 2 National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Larsen
- 4 Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Moore DJ, Fazeli PL, Moore RC, Woods SP, Letendre SL, Jeste DV, Grant I. Positive Psychological Factors are Linked to Successful Cognitive Aging Among Older Persons Living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:1551-1561. [PMID: 29264737 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-2001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize successful cognitive aging (SCA) among older HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) adults, and to determine associations with positive psychological factors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Ninety-nine HIV+ and 46 HIV- older adults (≥ 50 years) completed measures of neurocognition, positive psychological factors, and HRQoL. Using study-defined SCA criteria (i.e., no cognitive or everyday impairment or major depressive disorder), we compared positive psychological factors and HRQoL across four groups: HIV+/SCA+, HIV+/SCA-, HIV-/SCA+, HIV-/SCA-. SCA was identified in 29% of the HIV+ sample compared to 61% of the HIV- sample (p < 0.01). HIV+/SCA+ participants had higher scores on 8 of 10 measures of positive psychological factors as well as better HRQoL (ps < 0.05) as compared to the HIV+/SCA- group. Furthermore, the HIV+/SCA+ participants had comparable scores on these factors as HIV- adults. Fewer HIV+ than HIV- participants met SCA criteria; however, the level of positive psychological factors among the HIV+/SCA+ group was comparable to the HIV- sample. Our findings present opportunities for interventions to optimize positive psychological factors and potentially improve SCA among older HIV+ adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Pariya L Fazeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven P Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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A grounded theory of successful aging among select incarcerated older Filipino women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 77:96-102. [PMID: 29723782 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across the literature, impairment and disability among the older people have been associated with a decline in meeting their special needs. Failure in meeting such needs may cause deterioration of function and threaten successful aging. Accordingly, successful aging studies were carried out among males, in health care institutions, and in communities. In spite of these, the process by which successful aging is experienced by incarcerated older women remains to be a blank spot in research. AIM This study purports to describe the process by which incarcerated older Filipino women experience successful aging. METHODS Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory design was employed. Semistructured interviews were conducted among 15 purposively selected incarcerated older Filipino from a Philippine penal institution exclusive for women. Further, data gathered was reduced to field text and was analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. Finally, truthfulness and trustworthiness of the findings were established through member checking. FINDINGS The study generated "The Road to Success Model". Interestingly, five phases relative to successful aging emerged, namely: Struggling, Remotivating, Reforming, Reintegrating and Sustaining. These phases describe how select incarcerated older Filipino women undergo transformation towards successful aging. Similar to a road, each phase is considered a station where one must pass through in order to get to the destination. CONCLUSION Findings of the study serve as an impetus for structural and procedural changes in prison, with a view to providing an environment conducive to successful aging and appropriate recognition to the older prisoner's efforts to achieve successful aging.
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Escota GV, O'Halloran JA, Powderly WG, Presti RM. Understanding mechanisms to promote successful aging in persons living with HIV. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 66:56-64. [PMID: 29154830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate associated with HIV infection plummeted after the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy pioneered two decades ago. As a result, HIV-infected people now have life expectancies comparable to that of HIV-uninfected individuals. Despite this, increased rates of osteoporosis, chronic liver disease, and in particular cardiovascular disease have been reported among people living with HIV infection. With the aging HIV-infected population, the burden of these comorbid illnesses may continue to accrue over time. In this paper, we present an overview of the aging HIV-infected population, its epidemiology and the many challenges faced. How to define and measure successful aging will also be reviewed. Finally, opportunities that may help mitigate the challenges identified and ensure successful aging among people living with HIV infection will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerome V Escota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jane A O'Halloran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Powderly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms. J Neurosci Nurs 2017; 48:E2-E12. [PMID: 27224681 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and social networks may influence the relationship between physical activity and cognition. Using structural equation modeling, depressive symptoms and social networks were examined as mediators between physical activity and cognition in community-dwelling older adults (N = 122), with a range of cognitive abilities (e.g., normal, mild cognitive impairment). The model included age, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleeping, social networks, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. A path was observed between physical activity, depressive symptoms, and cognition; specifically, those who were more physically active experienced less depression and better cognitive functioning. No relationship between social networks and cognition was found. This model fits the data well (goodness-of-fit index = .93, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .90, root mean square error of approximation = .06). Results suggest that physical activity may mitigate depressive symptoms, with beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in both those with and without mild cognitive impairment. Suggestions for managing depression and improving cognitive functioning are provided.
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Abstract
Research on video games' effect on cognition and behaviour has been extensive, yet little research has explored non-digital forms of game playing, especially among older adults. As part of a larger survey on game playing, 886 respondents (≥ age 55) filled out questionnaires about non-digital game play. The study aims were to determine perceived benefits of non-digital game play and to determine socio-demographic factors that might predict perceived benefits. Survey results indicate that non-digital game playing is social in nature and common (73% of respondents) among older adults. Older adults play for fun, but also to help maintain their cognition. Regression analyses indicated various socio-demographic factors - age, education, gender, and race - were independently associated with perceived benefits from game playing. The results thus emphasize the importance of non-digital game playing in this population and suggest that efforts to facilitate game playing may improve social interactions and quality of life.
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Moore RC, Straus E, Dev SI, Parish SM, Sueko S, Eyler LT. Development and Pilot Randomized Control Trial of a Drama Program to Enhance Well-being Among Older Adults. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017; 52:1-9. [PMID: 28503015 DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop a novel theatre-based program and test its feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy for improving empathy/compassion and well-being among older adults. METHOD Thirteen older adults were randomized to a 6-week Drama Workshop (DW) program or time-equivalent Backstage Pass (BP) control condition. Pre- and post-treatment measures included empathy, compassion, and mood scales. Additional post-treatment measures included self-rated change in empathy/compassion, confidence, and affect. Participants also rated their mood/affect after each session. RESULTS The program was successfully completed and well-liked. No pre-to-post-treatment changes in empathy/compassion or mood symptoms were found in either group. Compared to BP, DW weekly ratings indicated higher levels of anxiety and lower happiness; however, the DW program had higher self-ratings of positive change in self-esteem, confidence, and happiness post-treatment. DISCUSSION While the DW may not promote empathy/compassion and was personally challenging during the program, engagement in dramatic exercises and rehearsing and performing a dramatic piece was seen by participants as a positive growth experience, as indicated by the post-treatment ratings of enhanced self-esteem, confidence and happiness. Thus, such a program might be useful for counteracting some of the potential negative aspects of aging, including reduced self-efficacy due to physical limitations and negative affect due to losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0993, San Diego, CA 92103-0993 USA.,The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0012, San Diego, CA 92103-0012 USA.,Veterans Administration San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
| | - Elizabeth Straus
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, San Diego, California, 10455 Pomerado Rd, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Sheena I Dev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0993, San Diego, CA 92103-0993 USA.,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0993, San Diego, CA 92103-0993 USA
| | - Steven M Parish
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0532, San Diego, CA 92103-0532 USA
| | - Seema Sueko
- The Pasadena Playhouse, Pasadena, California, 39 S El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0993, San Diego, CA 92103-0993 USA.,The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0012, San Diego, CA 92103-0012 USA.,Veterans Administration San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
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Hartzler AL, Osterhage K, Demiris G, Phelan EA, Thielke SM, Turner AM. Understanding views on everyday use of personal health information: Insights from community dwelling older adults. Inform Health Soc Care 2017; 43:320-333. [PMID: 28399725 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2017.1297815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults apply various strategies to pursue healthy aging, but we know little about their views and use of personal health information to accomplish those ends. METHODS As a first step in formulating the role of personal health information management (PHIM) in healthy aging, we explored the perspectives of older adults on health and health information used in their everyday lives through four focus groups with 25 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and over. RESULTS We found that the concept of wellness-the holistic and multidimensional nature of health and wellbeing-plays prominently in how older adults think about health and health information. Participants expressed wellness from a position of personal strength, rather than health-related deficits, by focusing on wellness activities for staying healthy through: (1) personal health practices, (2) social network support, and (3) residential community engagement. CONCLUSION Although these themes involve personal health information, existing PHIM systems that focus on disease management are generally not designed to support wellness activities. Substantial opportunity exists to fill this wellness support gap with innovative health information technology designed for older adults. Findings carry implications for the design of PHIM tools that support healthy aging and methods for engaging older adults as co-producers of this critical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hartzler
- a Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - K Osterhage
- b Department of Health Services, School of Public Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - G Demiris
- c Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,d Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - E A Phelan
- b Department of Health Services, School of Public Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,e Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - S M Thielke
- f Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,g Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Medical Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - A M Turner
- b Department of Health Services, School of Public Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,d Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Mudge S, Rosie J, Stott S, Taylor D, Signal N, McPherson K. Ageing with cerebral palsy; what are the health experiences of adults with cerebral palsy? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012551. [PMID: 27737885 PMCID: PMC5073482 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance understanding of the experiences of ageing with cerebral palsy (CP) in adulthood with a particular focus on experiences with health services. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive methodology was applied to capture adults' views of ageing with CP and related interactions with health services. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with data systematically coded and interpreted by grouping information into categories. Themes that encompassed the categories were identified through thematic analysis. SETTING All healthcare settings. PARTICIPANTS 28 adults (14 women) with CP, aged 37-70 years. RESULTS 5 themes covered the breadth of participants' experiences: (1) acceptance of change; (2) exploring identity: cerebral palsy as only one part of self; (3) taking charge of help; (4) rethinking the future and (5) interacting with health professionals. Being seen and being heard were the features described in positive healthcare interactions. Participants also valued health professionals who reflected on who holds the knowledge?; demonstrated a willingness to learn and respected participants' knowledge and experience. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could, and arguably should, inform more responsive strategies for disabled people in health services and, indeed, all health consumers. Our study supports other findings that impairments related to CP change and, for many, severity of disabling impact increases with age. Increased interactions with health and rehabilitation professionals, as a consequence of these changes, have the potential to impact the person's healthcare experience either positively or negatively. A 'listening health professional' may bridge their knowledge gap and, in recognising the person's own expertise, may achieve three things: a more contextualised healthcare intervention; a better healthcare experience for the person with CP and positive impact on the person's sense of autonomy and identity by recognising their expertise. Future research should identify whether this approach improves the healthcare experience for adults living with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie Mudge
- Centre for Person Centred Research, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juliet Rosie
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan Stott
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denise Taylor
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nada Signal
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn McPherson
- Centre for Person Centred Research, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Health Research Council of New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Woods NF, Rillamas-Sun E, Cochrane BB, La Croix AZ, Seeman TE, Tindle HA, Zaslavsky O, Bird CE, Johnson KC, Manson JE, Ockene JK, Seguin RA, Wallace RB. Aging Well: Observations From the Women's Health Initiative Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71 Suppl 1:S3-S12. [PMID: 26858322 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the proportion of the population aged 80 and over accelerates, so does the value of understanding the processes of aging well. The purposes of this article are to: (a) review contemporary theoretical and conceptual perspectives on aging well, (b) describe indicators of aging well that reflect key concepts and perspectives as assessed in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and (c) characterize the status of aging among women aged 80 and older using data obtained from WHI participants at the WHI Extension 2 follow-up. METHODS Data from the Lifestyle Questionnaire, which was administered from 2011 to 2012 during the WHI Follow-up Study (Extension 2), were analyzed to provide a profile of the WHI cohort with respect to aging well. RESULTS Data revealed substantial diversity in the cohort with respect to the various measures of aging well. Although many reported physical functioning levels consistent with disability, most rated their health as good or better. Most reported moderately high levels of resilience, self-control, and self-mastery but lower levels of environmental mastery. Finally, the cohort reported high levels of optimal aging as reflected by their high levels of emotional well-being and moderately high levels of life satisfaction and social support, but more modest levels of personal growth and purpose in life. CONCLUSIONS The wide range of some dimensions of aging well suggest that further examination of predictors of positive coping and resilience in the face of aging-related disability could identify opportunities to support and facilitate aging well among U.S. women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara B Cochrane
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle. The de Tornyay Endowed Professorship in Healthy Aging, de Tornyay Center for Healthy Aging, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle
| | - Andrea Z La Croix
- Department of Epidemiology, Famiy and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland
| | - Judith K Ockene
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Rebecca A Seguin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Danielewicz AL, Wagner KJP, d'Orsi E, Boing AF. Is cognitive decline in the elderly associated with contextual income? Results of a population-based study in southern Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00112715. [PMID: 27192028 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00112715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the association between contextual income and cognitive decline in the elderly in Florianópolis, a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. A nested cross-sectional study was performed in a cohort of elderly ≥ 60 years (n = 1,197), interviewed in the second wave (2013/2014) of the EpiFloripa cohort. Cognitive decline was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and contextual income was measured as the mean monthly income of the heads of households. Individual adjustment variables were sex, age, skin color, per capita household income, years of schooling, and time living in the neighborhood. The data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression. The odds of cognitive decline were twice as high (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.03; 3.87) in elderly living in census tracts with the lowest income quintile compared to those in the highest quintile, independently of individual characteristics. In conclusion, the socioeconomic environment is related to cognitive decline and should be considered in public policies with a focus on health of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Danielewicz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Eleonora d'Orsi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernando Boing
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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LaCroix AZ, Rillamas-Sun E, Woods NF, Weitlauf J, Zaslavsky O, Shih R, LaMonte MJ, Bird C, Yano EM, LeBoff M, Washington D, Reiber G. Aging Well Among Women Veterans Compared With Non-Veterans in the Women's Health Initiative. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2016; 56 Suppl 1:S14-26. [PMID: 26768388 PMCID: PMC5881616 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To examine whether Veteran status influences (a) women's survival to age 80 years without disease and disability and (b) indicators of successful, effective, and optimal aging at ages 80 years and older. DESIGN AND METHODS The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161,808 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years from 1993 to 1998. We compared successful aging indicators collected in 2011-2012 via mailed questionnaire among 33,565 women (921 Veterans) who reached the age of 80 years and older, according to Veteran status. A second analysis focused on women with intact mobility at baseline who could have reached age 80 years by December 2013. Multinominal logistic models examined Veteran status in relation to survival to age 80 years without major disease or mobility disability versus having prevalent or incident disease, having mobility disability, or dying prior to age 80 years. RESULTS Women Veterans aged 80 years and older reported significantly lower perceived health, physical function, life satisfaction, social support, quality of life, and purpose in life scale scores compared with non-Veterans. The largest difference was in physical function scores (53.0 for Veterans vs 59.5 for non-Veterans; p < .001). Women Veterans were significantly more likely to die prior to age 80 years than non-Veteran WHI participants (multivariate adjusted odds ratio = 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.38). In both Veteran and non-Veteran women, healthy survival was associated with not smoking, higher physical activity, healthy body weight, and fewer depressive symptoms. IMPLICATIONS Intervening upon smoking, low physical activity, obesity, and depressive symptoms has potential to improve chances for healthy survival in older women including Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego.
| | - Eileen Rillamas-Sun
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nancy F Woods
- Seattle WHI Clinical Center, Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington
| | - Julie Weitlauf
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC and Center for Innovation to Implementation, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Oleg Zaslavsky
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Welfare, University of Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Chloe Bird
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
| | - Elizabeth M Yano
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Meryl LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donna Washington
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gayle Reiber
- Health Services Research and Development, Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington. Departments of Health Services and Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present findings on the effects of stereotypes of aging on health outcomes related to older adults, such as physical and mental functioning (specifically) and overall well-being and perceived quality of life (more broadly). This review shows that both positive and negative stereotypes of aging can have enabling and constraining effects on the actions, performance, decisions, attitudes, and, consequently, holistic health of an older adult. This review further highlights a variety of limitations in stereotype research in aging contexts, including a lack of qualitative studies focusing on older adult perspectives and the fluctuating definition of what constitutes “good health” during older age.
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Assmann KE, Andreeva VA, Jeandel C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E. Healthy Aging 5 Years After a Period of Daily Supplementation With Antioxidant Nutrients: A Post Hoc Analysis of the French Randomized Trial SU.VI.MAX. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:694-704. [PMID: 26374140 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to investigate healthy aging in older French adults 5 years after a period of daily nutritional-dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients. The study was based on the double-blind, randomized trial, Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) Study (1994-2002) and the SU.VI.MAX 2 Follow-up Study (2007-2009). During 1994-2002, participants received a daily combination of vitamin C (120 mg), β-carotene (6 mg), vitamin E (30 mg), selenium (100 µg), and zinc (20 mg) or placebo. Healthy aging was assessed in 2007-2009 by using multiple criteria, including the absence of major chronic disease and good physical and cognitive functioning. Data from a subsample of the SU.VI.MAX 2 cohort, initially free of major chronic disease, with a mean age of 65.3 years in 2007-2009 (n = 3,966), were used to calculate relative risks. Supplementation was associated with a greater healthy aging probability among men (relative risk = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.29) but not among women (relative risk = 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.11) or all participants (relative risk = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.16). Moreover, exploratory subgroup analyses indicated effect modification by initial serum concentrations of zinc and vitamin C. In conclusion, an adequate supply of antioxidant nutrients (equivalent to quantities provided by a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables) may have a beneficial role for healthy aging.
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Lee M, Son J, Kim J, Yoon B. Individualized feedback-based virtual reality exercise improves older women’s self-perceived health: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Assmann KE, Lassale C, Andreeva VA, Jeandel C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E. A Healthy Dietary Pattern at Midlife, Combined with a Regulated Energy Intake, Is Related to Increased Odds for Healthy Aging. J Nutr 2015; 145:2139-45. [PMID: 26246320 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.210740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the long-term impact of overall dietary patterns (DPs) on healthy aging (HA), and current findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our study's objective was to investigate the association between empirically derived DPs in midlife and HA after 13 y of follow-up. METHODS Baseline dietary data from repeated 24-h dietary records (on average, 10 records per participant) of a subsample of the SU.VI.MAX (SUpplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants) study allowed extraction of 2 DPs with the use of principal components analysis on 37 food groups. HA was assessed in 2007-2009 among 2796 participants of the SU.VI.MAX study aged 45-60 y at baseline (1994-1995), who were initially free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. HA was defined as not developing any major chronic disease, good physical and cognitive functioning, no limitations in instrumental activities of daily living, no depressive symptoms, no health-related limitations in social life, good overall self-perceived health, and no function-limiting pain. The association between DPs (in tertiles) and HA was evaluated by using multivariable logistic regression, and a potential interaction with energy intake was investigated. RESULTS A "Western" and a "healthy" DP were identified. After adjustment for a large number of potential confounders, there was no significant association between the Western DP and HA. Moreover, the healthy pattern was not associated with HA among subjects with high (i.e., greater than or equal to the median) energy intake. Among subjects with low (i.e., less than the median) energy intake, on the other hand, higher scores on the healthy DP were related to higher odds of HA (OR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.00; P-trend = 0.01). CONCLUSION Adherence to a healthy diet in midlife that provides micronutrients, fiber, and antioxidants while regulating energy intake may help to promote HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Assmann
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France;
| | - Camille Lassale
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Claude Jeandel
- Department of Geriatrics, Centre Balmès, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Serge Hercberg
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France; Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
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Meeks S, Van Haitsma K, Mast BT, Arnold S, Streim JE, Sephton S, Smith PJ, Kleban M, Rovine M. Psychological and social resources relate to biomarkers of allostasis in newly admitted nursing home residents. Aging Ment Health 2015; 20:88-99. [PMID: 26237175 PMCID: PMC4628586 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1072796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper presents preliminary baseline data from a prospective study of nursing home adaptation that attempts to capture the complexity of residents' adaptive resources by examining psychological, social, and biological variables from a longitudinal conceptual framework. Our emphasis was on validating an index of allostasis. METHOD In a sample of 26 long-term care patients, we measured 6 hormone and protein biomarkers to capture the concept of allostasis as an index of physiological resilience, related to other baseline resources, including frailty, hope and optimism, social support, and mental health history, collected via interview with the resident and collaterals. We also examined the performance of self-report measures reflecting psychosocial and well-being constructs, given the prevalence of cognitive impairment in nursing homes. RESULTS Our results supported both the psychometric stability of our self-report measures, and the preliminary validity of our index of allostasis. Each biomarker was associated with at least one other resilience resource, suggesting that our choice of biomarkers was appropriate. As a group, the biomarkers showed good correspondence with the majority of other resource variables, and our standardized summation score was also associated with physical, social, and psychological resilience resources, including those reflecting physical and mental health vulnerability as well as positive resources of social support, optimism, and hope. CONCLUSION Although these results are based on a small sample, the effect sizes were large enough to confer some confidence in the value of pursuing further research relating biomarkers of allostasis to psychological and physical resources and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Meeks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kimberly Van Haitsma
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Health and Human Development East, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Mast
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven Arnold
- Geriatric Psychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel E. Streim
- Geriatric Psychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Sephton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Morton Kleban
- Polisher Research Institute, Abramson Center for Jewish Life, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Michael Rovine
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Friedman SM, Shah K, Hall WJ. Failing to Focus on Healthy Aging: A Frailty of Our Discipline? J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:1459-62. [PMID: 26179067 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The academic geriatrics community has provided outstanding leadership in addressing frailty and complexity in older adults, but a minority of older adults are frail. Although resources to treat older adults are limited, and it is appropriate to focus clinical efforts on those with frailty and multimorbidity, there is also important expertise that can be brought to bear on the health of ALL older adults. A review of the literature suggests that attention to healthy or successful aging has failed to keep pace with the focus on frailty. By providing leadership to promote successful aging, the quality of life of older adults across the spectrum can be improved and transitions to frailty reduced. The template that leaders have established in understanding frailty-defining and operationalizing it, understanding outcomes, identifying pathophysiology-can be used as an approach to successful aging. Several community-based programs have been successful in promoting successful aging. These are potentially highly scalable and could have a substantial effect on the aging population, but their essential components need to be better understood. The geriatrics community is uniquely positioned to take on this role. This is a critical time to work together to make the lives of all older adults as healthy and fulfilling as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Friedman
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Krupa Shah
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - William J Hall
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Rozanova J, Noulas P, Southwick SM, Pietrzak RH. Perceptions of Determinants of Successful Aging Among Older U.S. Veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:744-53. [PMID: 25488494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a qualitative study of older American veterans' subjective perceptions of factors that contribute to successful physical, emotional, and cognitive aging. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 2,025 veterans aged 60 or older (range: 60-96; 96.9% male, 39.4% combat veterans) participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Using qualitative analysis software, the authors coded responses to three open-ended questions, inductively developed categories, aggregated similar categories into factors, and grouped factors into broader themes. RESULTS A total of 53, 56, and 61 categories of responses was identified in response to questions about successful physical, cognitive, and emotional aging, respectively, with 10 aggregate factors linking these categories. The most prominent theme overall was "What you do," which received 2,295, 2,210, and 1,247 mentions for each of these domains of successful aging, with health behaviors the most common factor for both successful physical and cognitive aging and social engagement the most common for successful emotional aging. The theme "Who you are" was the second-most common factor (discerned from 376, 247, and 943 total mentions, respectively), with the factors that comprise this theme-personality and explanatory style, moral compass, and emotional dispositions-more commonly endorsed for successful emotional aging. External factors such as healthcare were least commonly endorsed across all domains. CONCLUSION Older U.S. Veterans emphasize health behaviors, social engagement, and dispositional characteristics as key determinants of successful aging. Prevention and treatment initiatives that target these potentially modifiable factors may help promote successful aging in this growing segment of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rozanova
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
| | - Paraskevi Noulas
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven M Southwick
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Zhang F, Ho YW, Fung HH. Learning from Normal Aging: Preserved Emotional Functioning Facilitates Adaptation among Early Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Aging Dis 2015; 6:208-15. [PMID: 26029479 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been largely characterized by severe deterioration of cognitive functioning. Only recently has more attention been shifted to identifying the preserved capacity and functioning of AD patients. By reviewing the AD literature, we observe that despite the various cognitive impairment and deficits, early Alzheimer's patients perform certain types of automatic emotion regulation and display a positivity effect in emotion recognition and emotional memory. Moreover, we argue that, like their healthy aged peers, the optimization of such preserved emotion-based capacities helps early AD patients increase positive emotions, which may counteract the negative effects of the disease, thus maintaining their socio-emotional functioning. Finally, we discuss the emotion-based capacities strategies that AD patients may use to facilitate their adjustment to a life with Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Wan Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Park MH, Kweon Y. Testing the Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12) Instrument among Middle-aged and Elderly Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5932/jkphn.2014.28.3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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