1
|
Mukhopadhyay S, Pahuja I, Okieh AA, Pandey D, Yadav V, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Bergenin potentiates BCG efficacy by enriching mycobacteria-specific adaptive memory responses via the Akt-Foxo-Stat4 axis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102517. [PMID: 38733881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The extensive inability of the BCG vaccine to produce long-term immune protection has not only accelerated the disease burden but also progressed towards the onset of drug resistance. In our previous study, we have reported the promising effects of Bergenin (Berg) in imparting significant protection as an adjunct immunomodulator against tuberculosis (TB). In congruence with our investigations, we delineated the impact of Berg on T cells, wherein it enhanced adaptive memory responses by modulating key transcription factors, STAT4 and Akt. We translated this finding into the vaccine model of TB and observed a notable reduction in the burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in BCG-Berg co-immunized mice as compared to BCG vaccination. Moreover, Berg, along with BCG, also aided in a heightened proinflammatory response milieu that corroborates the host protective immune response against TB. Furthermore, this response aligns with the escalated central and resident memory responses by modulating the Akt-Foxo-Stat4 axis, which plays a crucial role in enhancing the vaccine efficacy of BCG. These findings showcase the utilization of immunomodulator Berg as an immunoprophylactic agent to upgrade immunological memory, making it a more effective defender against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suparba Mukhopadhyay
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed Abdallah Okieh
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Darshana Pandey
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India; Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Austin RM, Honap TP, Mann AE, Hübner A, DeGaglia CMS, Warinner C, Zuckerman MK, Hofman CA. Metagenomic and paleopathological analyses of a historic documented collection explore ancient dental calculus as a diagnostic tool. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14720. [PMID: 38926415 PMCID: PMC11208530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental calculus is a microbial biofilm that contains biomolecules from oral commensals and pathogens, including those potentially related to cause of death (CoD). To assess the utility of calculus as a diagnostically informative substrate, in conjunction with paleopathological analysis, calculus samples from 39 individuals in the Smithsonian Institution's Robert J. Terry Collection with CoDs of either syphilis or tuberculosis were assessed via shotgun metagenomic sequencing for the presence of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA. Paleopathological analysis revealed that frequencies of skeletal lesions associated with these diseases were partially inconsistent with diagnostic criteria. Although recovery of T. p. pallidum DNA from individuals with a syphilis CoD was elusive, MTBC DNA was identified in at least one individual with a tuberculosis CoD. The authenticity of MTBC DNA was confirmed using targeted quantitative PCR assays, MTBC genome enrichment, and in silico bioinformatic analyses; however, the lineage of the MTBC strain present could not be determined. Overall, our study highlights the utility of dental calculus for molecular detection of tuberculosis in the archaeological record and underscores the effect of museum preparation techniques and extensive handling on pathogen DNA preservation in skeletal collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Austin
- Frontiers in Evolutionary Zoology Research Group, Natural History Museum of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0562, Norway.
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Tanvi P Honap
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Allison E Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Alexander Hübner
- Department Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Molly K Zuckerman
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Courtney A Hofman
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lorentsson HJN, Clausen CR, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Hansen KB, Jensen SG, Krogh-Madsen R, Hagelqvist PG, Johansson PI, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK, Ravn P. The effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment on thrombelastography-assessed haemostasis: a prospective cohort study. Thromb J 2024; 22:54. [PMID: 38918780 PMCID: PMC11201340 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis disease (TB) and tuberculosis infection (TBI) have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease which may be connected to infection-related haemostatic changes. It is unknown if treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis influences haemostasis. Here, we assessed if TB or TBI treatment affects thrombelastography (TEG)-assessed haemostasis. METHODS Individuals with TB or TBI were included from a TB outpatient clinic in Copenhagen, Denmark. Patients treated with antithrombotic medication or systemic immunosuppressants were excluded. TEG analysis was performed before and after TB/TBI treatment using the TEG®6s analyser to provide data on the reaction time of clot initiation (R) (min), the speed of clot formation (K) (min) and clot build-up (Angle) (°), maximum clot strength (MA) (mm), and clot breakdown/fibrinolysis (LY30) (%). Differences in TEG were assessed using paired t tests. RESULTS We included eleven individuals with TB with median [interquartile range] [IQR] age 52 (Liu et al. in Medicine (United States) 95, 2016) years and mean (standard deviation) (SD) body mass index (BMI) 24.7 (6.3) kg/m2 as well as 15 individuals with TBI with median [IQR] age 49 (Wells et al. in Am J Respir Crit Care Med 204:583, 2021) years and BMI 26.0 (3.2) kg/m2. Treatment reduced MA for both TB (64.0 (6.3) vs. 57.9 (5.2) mm, p = 0.016) and TBI (61.3 (4.1) vs. 58.6 (5.0) mm, p = 0.023) whereas R, K, Angle and LY30 were unaffected. CONCLUSION TEG analysis showed that treatments of TB and TBI were associated with reduced MA which may indicate the existence of cardiovascular benefits from therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov 05 April 2021 with registration number NCT04830462.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Johan Niklas Lorentsson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup Hospitalsvej 1, +45 38 67 38 67, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark.
| | - Christina R Clausen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sidse Graff Jensen
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per G Hagelqvist
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pär I Johansson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Ravn
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shankar G, Akhter Y. Stealing survival: Iron acquisition strategies of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00142-1. [PMID: 38901792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), faces iron scarcity within the host due to immune defenses. This review explores the importance of iron for Mtb and its strategies to overcome iron restriction. We discuss how the host limits iron as an innate immune response and how Mtb utilizes various iron acquisition systems, particularly the siderophore-mediated pathway. The review illustrates the structure and biosynthesis of mycobactin, a key siderophore in Mtb, and the regulation of its production. We explore the potential of targeting siderophore biosynthesis and uptake as a novel therapeutic approach for TB. Finally, we summarize current knowledge on Mtb's iron acquisition and highlight promising directions for future research to exploit this pathway for developing new TB interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi MKK, Tavolara T, Gower A, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins KL, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011915. [PMID: 38861581 PMCID: PMC11195971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects two billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. Here, we investigate the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using immune and inflammatory mediators; and clinical, microbiological, and granuloma correlates of disease identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16; and three known loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Further, multiple positively correlated traits shared loci on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17 and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these loci contain critical genetic regulators of inflammatory responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks to generate scores representing functional relationships. The scores were used to rank candidates for each mapped trait, resulting in 11 candidate genes: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Although all candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling, and all contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNPs in only four genes (S100a8, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zfp318) are predicted to have deleterious effects on protein functions. We performed methodological and candidate validations to (i) assess biological relevance of predicted allele effects by showing that Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWK/PhJ alleles at the H-2 locus on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) confirm accuracy of predicted allele effects by quantifying S100A8 protein in inbred founder strains; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this body of work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of complex host-pathogens interactions contributing to granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Anna L. Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Bulent Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Deniz Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MK Khalid Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anas Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philipe A. Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Kurtz
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Elkins
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vaňková Hausnerová V, Shoman M, Kumar D, Schwarz M, Modrák M, Jirát Matějčková J, Mikesková E, Neva S, Herrmannová A, Šiková M, Halada P, Novotná I, Pajer P, Valášek LS, Převorovský M, Krásný L, Hnilicová J. RIP-seq reveals RNAs that interact with RNA polymerase and primary sigma factors in bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4604-4626. [PMID: 38348908 PMCID: PMC11077062 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved structured RNAs that can associate with RNA polymerase (RNAP). Two of them have been known so far-6S RNA and Ms1 RNA but it is unclear if any other types of RNAs binding to RNAP exist in bacteria. To identify all RNAs interacting with RNAP and the primary σ factors, we have established and performed native RIP-seq in Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Streptomyces coelicolor, Mycobacterium smegmatis and the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Besides known 6S RNAs in B. subtilis and Ms1 in M. smegmatis, we detected MTS2823, a homologue of Ms1, on RNAP in M. tuberculosis. In C. glutamicum, we discovered novel types of structured RNAs that associate with RNAP. Furthermore, we identified other species-specific RNAs including full-length mRNAs, revealing a previously unknown landscape of RNAs interacting with the bacterial transcription machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vaňková Hausnerová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Regulatory RNAs, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmoud Shoman
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Regulatory RNAs, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modrák
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Department of Bioinformatics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Jirát Matějčková
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Regulatory RNAs, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Mikesková
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Regulatory RNAs, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Neva
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Regulatory RNAs, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Herrmannová
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šiková
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Novotná
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague169 02, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague169 02, Czech Republic
| | - Leoš Shivaya Valášek
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Převorovský
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Krásný
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Hnilicová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague142 20, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Regulatory RNAs, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nosik M, Ryzhov K, Kudryavtseva AV, Kuimova U, Kravtchenko A, Sobkin A, Zverev V, Svitich O. Decreased IL-1 β Secretion as a Potential Predictor of Tuberculosis Recurrence in Individuals Diagnosed with HIV. Biomedicines 2024; 12:954. [PMID: 38790916 PMCID: PMC11117744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms of the formation of immunological competence against tuberculosis (TB), and especially those associated with HIV co-infection, remain poorly understood. However, there is an urgent need for risk recurrence predictive biomarkers, as well as for predictors of successful treatment outcomes. The goal of the study was to identify possible immunological markers of TB recurrence in individuals with HIV/TB co-infection. Methods: The plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β (cytokines which play important roles in the immune activation and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis) were measured using ELISA EIA-BEST kits. The cytokine concentrations were determined using a standard curve obtained with the standards provided by the manufacturer of each kit. Results: A total of 211 individuals were enrolled in the study as follows: 62 patients with HIV/TB co-infection, 52 with HIV monoinfection, 52 with TB monoinfection, and 45 healthy donors. Out of the 62 patients with HIV/TB, 75.8% (47) of patients were newly diagnosed with HIV and TB, and 24.2% (15) displayed recurrent TB and were newly diagnosed with HIV. Decreased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were observed in patients with HIV/TB when compared with HIV and TB patients. However, there was no difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-10 secretion between both HIV/TB groups. At the same time, an almost 4-fold decrease in Il-1β levels was detected in the HIV/TB group with TB recurrence when compared with the HIV/TB group (p = 0.0001); a 2.8-fold decrease when compared with HIV patients (p = 0.001); and a 2.2-fold decrease with newly diagnosed TB patients (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Significantly decreased Il-1β levels in HIV/TB patients' cohort with secondary TB indicate that this cytokine can be a potential biomarker of TB recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Konstantin Ryzhov
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Asya V. Kudryavtseva
- La Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgings-Escuela de Medicina, Santiago 8370993, Chile;
| | - Ulyana Kuimova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (U.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexey Kravtchenko
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (U.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexandr Sobkin
- G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV, 125466 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panda S, Tiwari A, Kumar V, Luthra K, Kumar K, Singh A. Protective Role of Vitamin D Against Development of Active Tuberculosis in Close Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:248-256. [PMID: 38577148 PMCID: PMC10987442 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin-D is known to promote innate immune responses by acting as a cofactor of VDR for induction of antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin. Close household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are at high risk of active infection, Therefore, possible role of vitamin-D in TB prevention through cathelicidin production was studied in high-risk household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. 20 HHCs of PTB patients were recruited and followed up for one year. Levels of vitamin-D (25(OH)D) and its associated molecules were evaluated at 3-months intervals for one year or until the development of active TB. 25(OH)D was measured using chemiluminescence method. Serum VDR and cathelicidin levels were measured by ELISA and VDR mRNA expression by qPCR. Throughout the study period mean range of serum 25(OH)D levels was 20.51 ± 5.12 ng/ml. VDR and cathelicidin levels however showed significant decline after six months suggesting decrease in bacterial exposure. None of the HHCs developed active infection even with high exposure to 2 + to 3 + AFB positive index cases. Mantoux positive household contacts had high levels of VDR and cathelicidin, suggestive of an early or latent phase of infection, did not develop active TB plausibly due to maintenance of adequate serum levels of vitamin-D. Optimal levels of 25(OH)D and its associated molecules during early stages of infection may serve as protective factor against development of active TB. Cohort of HHCs with severely deficient vitamin-D levels (10 ng/ml) could be followed up for a better risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhasini Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ambrish Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wei M, Yin D, Tang Y, Jia W, Wang C, Guo J, Li A, Gong Y. Associations between type 1 diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:60. [PMID: 38443967 PMCID: PMC10913601 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated with higher pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) risk in observational studies. However, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal effect between T1DM and PTB using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of T1DM and PTB were extracted from the public genetic variation summary database. In addition, GWAS data were collected to explore the causal relationship between PTB and relevant clinical traits of T1DM, including glycemic traits, lipids, and obesity. The inverse variance weighting method (IVW), weighted median method, and MR‒Egger regression were used to evaluate the causal relationship. To ensure the stability of the results, sensitivity analyses assess the robustness of the results by estimating heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS IVW showed that T1DM increased the risk of PTB (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.12, P < 0.001), which was similar to the results of MR‒Egger and weighted median analyses. Moreover, we found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.59, P = 0.026) was associated with PTB. There was no evidence of an effect of glycemic traits, remaining lipid markers, or obesity on the risk of PTB. In the reverse MR analysis, no causal relationships were detected for PTB on T1DM and its relevant clinical traits. CONCLUSION This study supported that T1DM and HDL-C were risk factors for PTB. This implies the effective role of treating T1DM and managing HDL-C in reducing the risk of PTB, which provides an essential basis for the prevention and comanagement of concurrent T1DM and PTB in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Maoying Wei
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Jia
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Churan Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Aijing Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Gong
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Acheampong I, Minadzi D, Laing EF, Frimpong M, Vivekanandan MM, Yeboah A, Adankwah E, Aniagyei W, Arthur JF, Lamptey M, Abass MK, Kumbel F, Osei-Yeboah F, Gawusu A, Debrah LB, Owusu DO, Debrah A, Mayatepek E, Seyfarth J, Phillips RO, Jacobsen M. Differences in PPD- and mitogen-induced T-cell activation marker expression characterize immunopathology in acute tuberculosis patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:611-616. [PMID: 38167987 PMCID: PMC10917863 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Impaired T-cell responses to mitogens and high T-cell activation marker (TAM) expression on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T-cells characterize immunopathology in patients with tuberculosis (TB). In a study of patients with TB (n = 60) and asymptomatic contacts (controls, n = 37), we found that TB patients had higher CD38+ T-cell proportions specific for M. tuberculosis protein (PPDMtb), yet total proportions of PPDMtb-specific T-cells were comparable. Notably, both activated (CD38+) and total IFN-γ+ T-cells from TB patients had lower mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA)-induced responses. This impaired mitogen response improved the classification efficacy of the TAM-TB assay, especially employing the PPD/PHA-induced T-cell ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Acheampong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Difery Minadzi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin F Laing
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Frimpong
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Augustine Yeboah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Adankwah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wilfred Aniagyei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph F Arthur
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Millicent Lamptey
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Amidu Gawusu
- Sene West Health Directorate, Kwame Danso, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dorcas O Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard O Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruelas Castillo J, Neupane P, Karanika S, Krug S, Quijada D, Garcia A, Ayeh S, Yilma A, Costa DL, Sher A, Fotouhi N, Serbina N, Karakousis PC. The heme oxygenase-1 metalloporphyrin inhibitor stannsoporfin enhances the bactericidal activity of a novel regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a murine model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0104323. [PMID: 38132181 PMCID: PMC10848751 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01043-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses significant challenges to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) offer a novel approach to TB treatment by enhancing immune-mediated clearance of Mtb. Prior preclinical studies found that the inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in heme metabolism, with tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) significantly reduced mouse lung bacillary burden when co-administered with the first-line antitubercular regimen. Here, we evaluated the adjunctive HDT activity of a novel HO-1 inhibitor, stannsoporfin (SnMP), in combination with a novel MDR-TB regimen comprising a next-generation diarylquinoline, TBAJ-876 (S), pretomanid (Pa), and a new oxazolidinone, TBI-223 (O) (collectively, SPaO), in Mtb-infected BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 5mg/kg reduced mean lung bacillary burden by an additional 0.69 log10 (P = 0.01) relative to SPaO alone. As early as 2 weeks post-treatment initiation, SnMP adjunctive therapy differentially altered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and CD38, a marker of M1 macrophages. Next, we evaluated the sterilizing potential of SnMP adjunctive therapy in a mouse model of microbiological relapse. After 6 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 10mg/kg reduced lung bacterial burdens to 0.71 ± 0.23 log10 colony-forming units (CFUs), a 0.78 log-fold greater decrease in lung CFU compared to SpaO alone (P = 0.005). However, adjunctive SnMP did not reduce microbiological relapse rates after 5 or 6 weeks of treatment. SnMP was well tolerated and did not significantly alter gross or histological lung pathology. SnMP is a promising HDT candidate requiring further study in combination with regimens for drug-resistant TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ruelas Castillo
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pranita Neupane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie Krug
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darla Quijada
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel Ayeh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Addis Yilma
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia Q, Ouyang Y, Yang Y, Yao S, Chen X, Hu Z. Osteopontin: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Respiratory Diseases. Lung 2024; 202:25-39. [PMID: 38060060 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional phosphorylated protein that is involved in physiological and pathological events. Emerging evidence suggests that OPN also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. OPN can be produced and secreted by various cell types in lungs and overexpression of OPN has been found in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary fibrosis diseases, lung cancer, lung infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. OPN exerts diverse effects on the inflammatory response, immune cell activation, fibrosis and tissue remodeling, and tumorigenesis of these respiratory diseases, and genetic and pharmacological moudulation of OPN exerts therapeutic effects in the treatment of respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent evidence of multifaceted roles and underlying mechanisms of OPN in these respiratory diseases, and targeting OPN appears to be a potential therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yeling Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schaerlaekens S, Jacobs L, Stobbelaar K, Cos P, Delputte P. All Eyes on the Prefusion-Stabilized F Construct, but Are We Missing the Potential of Alternative Targets for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Design? Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:97. [PMID: 38250910 PMCID: PMC10819635 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) poses a significant global health concern as a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Over the last few years, substantial efforts have been directed towards developing vaccines and therapeutics to combat RSV, leading to a diverse landscape of vaccine candidates. Notably, two vaccines targeting the elderly and the first maternal vaccine have recently been approved. The majority of the vaccines and vaccine candidates rely solely on a prefusion-stabilized conformation known for its highly neutralizing epitopes. Although, so far, this antigen design appears to be successful for the elderly, our current understanding remains incomplete, requiring further improvement and refinement in this field. Pediatric vaccines still have a long journey ahead, and we must ensure that vaccines currently entering the market do not lose efficacy due to the emergence of mutations in RSV's circulating strains. This review will provide an overview of the current status of vaccine designs and what to focus on in the future. Further research into antigen design is essential, including the exploration of the potential of alternative RSV proteins to address these challenges and pave the way for the development of novel and effective vaccines, especially in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Schaerlaekens
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Lotte Jacobs
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Kim Stobbelaar
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
- Pediatrics Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi M, Tavolara T, Gower AC, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins K, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572738. [PMID: 38187647 PMCID: PMC10769337 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), infects 2 billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new TB cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. We investigated the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using clinical indicators of disease, granuloma histopathological features, and immune response traits identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16 and three previously identified loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17, associated with multiple correlated traits and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these QTLs contain important genetic regulators of responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes in QTLs, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks, generating functional scores. The scores were then used to rank candidates for each mapped trait in each locus, resulting in 11 candidates: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Importantly, all 11 candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling. Further, all candidates contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and some but not all SNPs were predicted to have deleterious consequences on protein functions. Multiple methods were used for validation including (i) a statistical method that showed Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWH/PhJ alleles on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) quantification of S100A8 protein levels, confirming predicted allele effects; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and new functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - A L Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | | | | | - B Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - D Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - M N Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mkk Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - T Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - A C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - D Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - E McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - M L Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - P A Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Kurtz
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - K Elkins
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - I Kramnik
- NIEDL, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - G Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Castillo JR, Neupane P, Karanika S, Krug S, Quijada D, Garcia A, Ayeh S, Yilma A, Costa DL, Sher A, Fotouhi N, Serbina N, Karakousis PC. The heme oxygenase-1 metalloporphyrin inhibitor stannsoporfin enhances the bactericidal activity of a novel regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a murine model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552716. [PMID: 37609351 PMCID: PMC10441415 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses significant challenges to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Host-directed therapies (HDT) offer a novel approach for TB treatment by enhancing immune-mediated clearance of Mtb. Prior preclinical studies found that inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in heme metabolism, with tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) significantly reduced mouse lung bacillary burden when co-administered with the first-line antitubercular regimen. Here we evaluated the adjunctive HDT activity of a novel HO-1 inhibitor, stannsoporfin (SnMP), in combination with a novel MDR-TB regimen comprising a next-generation diarylquinoline, TBAJ-876 (S), pretomanid (Pa), and a new oxazolidinone, TBI-223 (O) (collectively, SPaO) in Mtb-infected BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 5 mg/kg reduced mean lung bacillary burden by an additional 0.69 log10 (P=0.01) relative to SPaO alone. As early as 2 weeks post-treatment initiation, SnMP adjunctive therapy differentially altered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, and CD38, a marker of M1 macrophages. Next, we evaluated the sterilizing potential of SnMP adjunctive therapy in a mouse model of microbiological relapse. After 6 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 10 mg/kg reduced lung bacterial burdens to 0.71 ± 0.23 log10 CFU, a 0.78 log-fold greater decrease in lung CFU compared to SpaO alone (P=0.005). However, adjunctive SnMP did not reduce microbiological relapse rates after 5 or 6 weeks of treatment. SnMP was well tolerated and did not significantly alter gross or histological lung pathology. SnMP is a promising HDT candidate requiring further study in combination with regimens for drug-resistant TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ruelas Castillo
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pranita Neupane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie Krug
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darla Quijada
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Ayeh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Addis Yilma
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Din SRU, Saeed S, Khan SU, Arbi FM, Xuefang G, Zhong M. Bacteria-driven cancer therapy: Exploring advancements and challenges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104141. [PMID: 37742883 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a serious fatal disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells, is the biggest challenge flagging around medicine and health fields. Conventionally, various treatments-based strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies possess drugs that cannot reach the cancerous tissues and make them toxic to noncancerous cells. Cancer immunotherapy has made outstanding achievements in reducing the chances of cancer. Our considerable attention towards cancer-directed immune responses and the mechanisms behind which immune cells kill cancer cells have progressively been helpful in the advancement of new therapies. Among them, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has achieved much more attention due to smart and robust mechanisms in activating the host anti-tumor response. Moreover, bacterial-based therapy can be utilized as a single monotherapy or in combination with multiple anticancer immunotherapies to accelerate productive clinical results. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in developing bacterial-based cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Riaz Ud Din
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK 22020, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Mueen Arbi
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Guo Xuefang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mintao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guthrie CM, Tan X, Meeker AC, Self AE, Liu L, Cheng Y. Engineering a dual vaccine against COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1273019. [PMID: 37965265 PMCID: PMC10641007 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been one of the top public health threats across the world over the past three years. Mycobacterium bovis BCG is currently the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the past decades, recombinant M.bovis BCG has been studied as a novel vaccine vector for other infectious diseases in humans besides tuberculosis, such as viral infections. In the current study, we generated a recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD that expresses a fusion protein consisting of M. tb Ag85A protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using synthetic biology technique. Our results show that the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain successfully expressed this fusion protein. Interestingly, the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD significantly induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cell activation and IgG production in mice when compared to the parental M.bovis BCG strain, and was more potent than the recombinant M.bovis BCG strain expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD alone. As expected, the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD activated an increased number of M. tb Ag85A-specific IFNγ-releasing T cells and enhanced IgG production in mice when compared to the parental M.bovis BCG strain or the BCG strain expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD alone. Taken together, our results indicate a potential application of the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD as a novel dual vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and M. tb in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Monèt Guthrie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Xuejuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Amber Cherry Meeker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ashton Elisabeth Self
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jain R, Kumari R, Chakraborty S, Mitra DK, Mohan A, Hadda V, Madan K, Guleria R. T-cell signature cytokines distinguish pulmonary sarcoidosis from pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250255. [PMID: 37505436 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by tissue infiltration due to mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes and associated noncaseating granuloma formation. Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) shares a number of clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics with that of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Due to this, clinicians face issues in differentiating between PS and PTB in a substantial number of cases. There is a lack of any specific biomarker that can diagnose PS distinctively from PTB. We compared T-cell-based signature cytokines in patients with PS and PTB. In this study, we proposed a serum biomarker panel consisting of cytokines from cells: T helper (Th) 1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], Th9 [interleukin (IL)-9], Th17 [IL-17], and T regulatory (Treg) [IL-10; transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)]. We performed the principal component analysis that demonstrated that our serum cytokine panel has a significant predictive ability to differentiate PS from PTB. Our results could aid clinicians to improve the diagnostic workflow for patients with PS in TB endemic settings where the diagnosis between PS and PTB is often ambiguous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Jain
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkee Kumari
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sushmita Chakraborty
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipendra K Mitra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Hadda
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao D, Song YH, Li D, Zhang R, Xu JB, Shi K, Li JM, Leng X, Zong Y, Zeng FL, Gong QL, Du R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3435c regulates inflammatory cytokines and promotes the intracellular survival of recombinant Mycobacteria. Acta Trop 2023; 246:106974. [PMID: 37355194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterium that is parasitic in macrophages and show high adaptation to the host's immune response. It can also trigger a complex immune response in the host. This relies on proteins encoded by a series of M. tuberculosis-encoded virulence genes. We found that the M. tuberculosis Rv3435c gene is highly conserved among pathogenic mycobacteria, and might be a virulence gene. To explore the gene function of Rv3435c, we used Mycobacterium smegmatis to construct a recombinant mycobacterium expressing Rv3435c heterologously. The results that Rv3435c is a cell wall-related protein that changes bacterial and colony morphology, inhibits the growth rate of recombinant mycobacteria, and enhances their resistance to various stresses. We also found that the fatty acid levels of the recombinant strain changed. Simultaneously, Rv3435c can inhibit the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors and host cell apoptosis, and enhance the survival of recombinant bacteria in macrophages. Experimental data indicated that Rv3435c might play an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agricultural PRC, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hao Song
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Biao Xu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xue Leng
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Li Zeng
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China.
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kawka M, Płocińska R, Płociński P, Pawełczyk J, Słomka M, Gatkowska J, Dzitko K, Dziadek B, Dziadek J. The functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to serum amyloid A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238132. [PMID: 37781389 PMCID: PMC10540855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the course of tuberculosis (TB), the level of major acute phase protein, namely serum amyloid A (hSAA-1), increases up to a hundredfold in the pleural fluids of infected individuals. Tubercle bacilli infecting the human host can be opsonized by hSAA-1, which affects bacterial entry into human macrophages and their intracellular multiplication. Methods We applied global RNA sequencing to evaluate the functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), isolated from healthy blood donors, under elevated hSAA-1 conditions and during infection with nonopsonized and hSAA-1-opsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the same infection model, we also examined the functional response of mycobacteria to the intracellular environment of macrophages in the presence and absence of hSAA-1. The RNASeq analysis was validated using qPCR. The functional response of MDMs to hSAA-1 and/or tubercle bacilli was also evaluated for selected cytokines at the protein level by applying the Milliplex system. Findings Transcriptomes of MDMs cultured in the presence of hSAA-1 or infected with Mtb showed a high degree of similarity for both upregulated and downregulated genes involved mainly in processes related to cell division and immune response, respectively. Among the most induced genes, across both hSAA-1 and Mtb infection conditions, CXCL8, CCL15, CCL5, IL-1β, and receptors for IL-7 and IL-2 were identified. We also observed the same pattern of upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-1) and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin) in the hSAA-1 treated-MDMs or the phagocytes infected with tubercle bacilli. At this early stage of infection, Mtb genes affected by the inside microenvironment of MDMs are strictly involved in iron scavenging, adaptation to hypoxia, low pH, and increasing levels of CO2. The genes for the synthesis and transport of virulence lipids, but not cholesterol/fatty acid degradation, were also upregulated. Conclusion Elevated serum hSAA-1 levels in tuberculosis enhance the response of host phagocytes to infection, including macrophages that have not yet been in contact with mycobacteria. SAA induces antigen processing and presentation processes by professional phagocytes reversing the inhibition caused by Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Płocińska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bloom BR. A half-century of research on tuberculosis: Successes and challenges. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230859. [PMID: 37552470 PMCID: PMC10407785 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past half-century, but TB remains a formidable global health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and necessary and sufficient conditions for protection are critical. The need for inexpensive and sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tests for earlier detection of infection and disease, shorter and less-toxic drug regimens for drug-sensitive and -resistant TB, and a more effective vaccine than BCG is immense. New and better tools, greater support for international research, collaborations, and training will be required to dramatically reduce the burden of this devastating disease which still kills 1.6 million people annually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry R. Bloom
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan MT, Mahmud A, Islam MM, Sumaia MSN, Rahim Z, Islam K, Iqbal A. Multi-epitope vaccine against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a proteome-wide subtraction and immunoinformatics approach. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e42. [PMID: 37813638 PMCID: PMC10584640 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the most deadly infections in humans. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mtb strains presents a global challenge. Mtb has shown resistance to many frontline antibiotics, including rifampicin, kanamycin, isoniazid, and capreomycin. The only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin, does not efficiently protect against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop new vaccines to prevent infections caused by these strains. We used a subtractive proteomics approach on 23 virulent Mtb strains and identified a conserved membrane protein (MmpL4, NP_214964.1) as both a potential drug target and vaccine candidate. MmpL4 is a non-homologous essential protein in the host and is involved in the pathogen-specific pathway. Furthermore, MmpL4 shows no homology with anti-targets and has limited homology to human gut microflora, potentially reducing the likelihood of adverse effects and cross-reactivity if therapeutics specific to this protein are developed. Subsequently, we constructed a highly soluble, safe, antigenic, and stable multi-subunit vaccine from the MmpL4 protein using immunoinformatics. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of the vaccine-bound Toll-like receptor-4 complex on a nanosecond scale, and immune simulations indicated strong primary and secondary immune responses in the host. Therefore, our study identifies a new target that could expedite the design of effective therapeutics, and the designed vaccine should be validated. Future directions include an extensive molecular interaction analysis, in silico cloning, wet-lab experiments, and evaluation and comparison of the designed candidate as both a DNA vaccine and protein vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tahsin Khan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Araf Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Muzahidul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sayedatun Nessa Sumaia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahor HS, Schulte R, Adankwah E, Harelimana JDD, Minadzi D, Acheampong I, Vivekanandan MM, Aniagyei W, Yeboah A, Arthur JF, Lamptey M, Abass MK, Kumbel F, Osei-Yeboah F, Gawusu A, Debrah LB, Owusu DO, Debrah A, Mayatepek E, Seyfarth J, Phillips RO, Jacobsen M. Monocyte pathology in human tuberculosis is due to plasma milieu changes and aberrant STAT signalling. Immunology 2023; 170:154-166. [PMID: 37219921 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages contribute centrally to immune protection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and changes in monocyte phenotype characterize immunopathology in tuberculosis patients. Recent studies highlighted an important role of the plasma milieu in tuberculosis immunopathology. Here, we investigated monocyte pathology in patients with acute tuberculosis and determined tuberculosis plasma milieu effects on phenotype as well as cytokine signalling of reference monocytes. Patients with tuberculosis (n = 37) and asymptomatic contacts (controls n = 35) were recruited as part of a hospital-based study in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Multiplex flow cytometry phenotyping of monocyte immunopathology was performed and effects of individual blood plasma samples on reference monocytes prior to and during treatment were characterized. Concomitantly, cell signalling pathways were analysed to elucidate underlying mechanisms of plasma effects on monocytes. Multiplex flow cytometry visualization characterized changes in monocyte subpopulations and detected higher expression of CD40, CD64 and PD-L1 in monocytes from tuberculosis patients as compared to controls. Aberrant expression normalized during anti-mycobacterial treatment and also CD33 expression decreased markedly. Notably, higher CD33, CD40 and CD64 expression was induced in reference monocytes when cultured in the presence of plasma samples from tuberculosis patients as compared to controls. STAT signalling pathways were affected by the aberrant plasma milieu and higher levels of STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation was found in tuberculosis plasma-treated reference monocytes. Importantly, high pSTAT3 levels were associated with high CD33 expression and pSTAT5 correlated with CD40 as well as CD64 expression. These results suggested plasma milieu effects with potential implications on monocyte phenotype and function in acute tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Senanu Ahor
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schulte
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ernest Adankwah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jean De Dieu Harelimana
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Difery Minadzi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Acheampong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Wilfred Aniagyei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustine Yeboah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph F Arthur
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Millicent Lamptey
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Amidu Gawusu
- Sene West Health Directorate, Kwame Danso, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dorcas O Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard O Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maxson ME, Das L, Goldberg MF, Porcelli SA, Chan J, Jacobs WR. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Central Metabolism Is Key Regulator of Macrophage Pyroptosis and Host Immunity. Pathogens 2023; 12:1109. [PMID: 37764917 PMCID: PMC10535942 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in increased macrophage apoptosis or pyroptosis. However, mechanistic links between Mycobacterium virulence and bacterial metabolic plasticity remain ill defined. In this study, we screened random transposon insertions of M. bovis BCG to identify mutants that induce pyroptotic death of the infected macrophage. Analysis of the transposon insertion sites identified a panel of fdr (functioning death repressor) genes, which were shown in some cases to encode functions central to Mycobacterium metabolism. In-depth studies of one fdr gene, fdr8 (BCG3787/Rv3727), demonstrated its important role in the maintenance of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG redox balance in reductive stress conditions in the host. Our studies expand the subset of known Mycobacterium genes linking bacterial metabolic plasticity to virulence and also reveal that the broad induction of pyroptosis by an intracellular bacterial pathogen is linked to enhanced cellular immunity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Lahari Das
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - John Chan
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang Q, Qi F, Ye T, Li J, Xu G, He X, Deng G, Zhang P, Liao M, Qiao K, Zhang Z. The interaction of macrophages and CD8 T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with latent tuberculosis infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023:2239940. [PMID: 37470432 PMCID: PMC10399483 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2239940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, including active tuberculosis (TB) and latent Mtb infection (LTBI), leads to diverse outcomes owing to different host immune responses. However, the immune mechanisms that govern the progression from LTBI to TB remain poorly defined in humans. Here, we profiled the lung immune cell populations within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with LTBI or TB using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that Mtb infection substantially changed the immune cell compartments in the BALF, especially for the three subsets of macrophages, monocyte macrophage (MM)-CCL23, MM-FCN1, and MM-SPP1, which were found to be associated with the disease status of TB infection. Notably, MM-CCL23 cells derived from monocytes after stimulation with Mtb were characterized by high levels of chemokine (CCL23 and CXCL5) production and might serve as a marker for Mtb infection. The MM-CCL23 population mainly recruited CD8-CCR6 T cells through CCL20/CCR6, which was a prominent feature associated with protection immunity in LTBI. This study improves our understanding of the lung immune landscape during Mtb infection, which may inform future vaccine design for protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Yang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
| | - Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taosheng Ye
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Respiratory endoscopy, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinpei Li
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Respiratory endoscopy, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peize Zhang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfeng Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kayongo A, Nyiro B, Siddharthan T, Kirenga B, Checkley W, Lutaakome Joloba M, Ellner J, Salgame P. Mechanisms of lung damage in tuberculosis: implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1146571. [PMID: 37415827 PMCID: PMC10320222 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for COPD. Severe lung function impairment has been reported in post-TB patients. Despite increasing evidence to support the association between TB and COPD, only a few studies describe the immunological basis of COPD among TB patients following successful treatment completion. In this review, we draw on well-elaborated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced immune mechanisms in the lungs to highlight shared mechanisms for COPD pathogenesis in the setting of tuberculosis disease. We further examine how such mechanisms could be exploited to guide COPD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Nyiro
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jerrold Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eady M, Caison J, Jinnah M, Jenkins D. A Rapid Qualitative Screening Method for Isoniazid Tablets Using Handheld NIR Spectrometers in Two Countries. Molecules 2023; 28:4758. [PMID: 37375311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoniazid is a leading tuberculosis treating medication. Global supply chains provide essential medicines such as isoniazid to resource-limited areas. Ensuring the safety and efficaciousness of these medicines is essential to public health programs. Handheld spectrometers are becoming increasingly approachable in cost and usability. As supply chains expand, quality compliance screening of essential medications is necessary in site-specific locations. Here, a brand-specific qualitative discrimination analysis of isoniazid is approached by collecting data from two handheld spectrometers in two countries with the intent to build a multi-location quality compliance screening method for a brand of isoniazid. METHODS Two handheld spectrometers (900-1700 nm) were used to collect spectra from five manufacturing sources (N = 482) in Durham, North Carolina, USA, and Centurion, South Africa. A qualitative brand differentiation method was established from both locations by applying a Mahalanobis distance thresholding method as a measure of assessing similarity. RESULTS Combining data from both locations resulted in a 100% classification accuracy, at both locations, for brand 'A' and resulted in the four other brands classifying as dissimilar. Bias was found between sensors in terms of resulting Mahalanobis distances, but the classification method proved to be robust enough to accommodate. Several spectral peaks found in isoniazid references appear within the 900-1700 nm range, as well as variation in the excipients per manufacturer. CONCLUSIONS Results show promise for compliance screening isoniazid as well as other tablets in multiple geographic locations using handheld spectrometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Eady
- FHI 360-Product Quality Compliance Department, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Jonelle Caison
- FHI 360-Product Quality Compliance Department, Durham, NC 27713, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Mohammed Jinnah
- FHI 360-Product Quality Compliance Department, Centurion 0157, South Africa
| | - David Jenkins
- FHI 360-Product Quality Compliance Department, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ricci D, Demangel C. From Bacterial Toxin to Therapeutic Agent: The Unexpected Fate of Mycolactone. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:369. [PMID: 37368670 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
"Recognizing a surprising fact is the first step towards discovery." This famous quote from Louis Pasteur is particularly appropriate to describe what led us to study mycolactone, a lipid toxin produced by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. M. ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease manifesting as chronic, necrotic skin lesions with a "surprising" lack of inflammation and pain. Decades after its first description, mycolactone has become much more than a mycobacterial toxin. This uniquely potent inhibitor of the mammalian translocon (Sec61) helped reveal the central importance of Sec61 activity for immune cell functions, the spread of viral particles and, unexpectedly, the viability of certain cancer cells. We report in this review the main discoveries that marked our research into mycolactone, and the medical perspectives they opened up. The story of mycolactone is not over and the applications of Sec61 inhibition may go well beyond immunomodulation, viral infections, and oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ricci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bhaskar A, Pahuja I, Negi K, Verma A, Ghoshal A, Mathew B, Tripathi G, Maras JS, Chaturvedi S, Dwivedi VP. SIRT2 inhibition by AGK2 enhances mycobacteria-specific stem cell memory responses by modulating beta-catenin and glycolysis. iScience 2023; 26:106644. [PMID: 37192966 PMCID: PMC10182326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) generates limited long-lasting adaptive memory responses leading to short-lived protection against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that host sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibition by AGK2 significantly enhances the BCG vaccine efficacy during primary infection and TB recurrence through enhanced stem cell memory (TSCM) responses. SIRT2 inhibition modulated the proteome landscape of CD4+ T cells affecting pathways involved in cellular metabolism and T-cell differentiation. Precisely, AGK2 treatment enriched the IFNγ-producing TSCM cells by activating β-catenin and glycolysis. Furthermore, SIRT2 specifically targeted histone H3 and NF-κB p65 to induce proinflammatory responses. Finally, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway abolished the protective effects of AGK2 treatment during BCG vaccination. Taken together, this study provides a direct link between BCG vaccination, epigenetics, and memory immune responses. We identify SIRT2 as a key regulator of memory T cells during BCG vaccination and project SIRT2 inhibitors as potential immunoprophylaxis against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Negi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Antara Ghoshal
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharma M, Niu L, Zhang X, Huang S. Comparative transcriptomes reveal pro-survival and cytotoxic programs of mucosal-associated invariant T cells upon Bacillus Calmette-Guérin stimulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134119. [PMID: 37091679 PMCID: PMC10116416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are protective against tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections with poorly understood mechanisms. Despite an innate-like nature, MAIT cell responses remain heterogeneous in bacterial infections. To comprehensively characterize MAIT activation programs responding to different bacteria, we stimulated MAIT cells with E. coli to compare with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which remains the only licensed vaccine and a feasible tool for investigating anti-mycobacterial immunity in humans. Upon sequencing mRNA from the activated and inactivated CD8+ MAIT cells, results demonstrated the altered MAIT cell gene profiles by each bacterium with upregulated expression of activation markers, transcription factors, cytokines, and cytolytic mediators crucial in anti-mycobacterial responses. Compared with E. coli, BCG altered more MAIT cell genes to enhance cell survival and cytolysis. Flow cytometry analyses similarly displayed a more upregulated protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 and T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin in BCG compared to E.coli stimulations. Thus, the transcriptomic program and protein expression of MAIT cells together displayed enhanced pro-survival and cytotoxic programs in response to BCG stimulation, supporting BCG induces cell-mediated effector responses of MAIT cells to fight mycobacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shouxiong Huang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chai B, Wu D, Fu N, Huang P, Shen Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Evaluation of prognostic inflammatory and systemic inflammatory response indices in auxiliary diagnosis of bacteria-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: A diagnostic accuracy study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33372. [PMID: 36961144 PMCID: PMC10036059 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular biology has made great progress in recent years, the detection rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is still not ideal. This study aimed to evaluate the role of prognostic inflammatory index (PII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) in the auxiliary diagnosis of bacteria-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Sixty patients diagnosed with bacteria-negative pulmonary TB at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University between October 2019 and September 2022 were randomly selected as the case group, and seventy patients with nontuberculous pulmonary infection in the same department of the same hospital during the same period were randomly selected as the control group. Baseline data and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lymphocyte count (LY), neutrophil count (NE), monocyte count (MO), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PII, and SIRI were compared between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of PII and SIRI in the diagnosis of bacteria-negative pulmonary TB. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of sex and age (P > .05); however significant differences were observed in relation to body mass index (BMI), ESR, LY, NE, MO, ALB, PA, CRP, FIB, NLR, PII, and SIRI (P < .05). ROC curve analysis showed that area under curve (AUC) value {0.84 [95% CI (0.77, 0.90)]} and specificity {82.86% [95% CI (72.0, 90.8)]} of PII were the highest, while the sensitivity {86.67 [95% CI (75.4, 94.1)]} of NLR + PII was the highest. Pairwise comparison of the 7 indicators of ROC curve was performed, and only the diagnostic efficiency of NLR and NLR + PII was statistically significant (Z = 2.36, P = .02 < .05). NLR, PII, SIRI, pairwise combinations, and NLR + PII + SIRI showed auxiliary diagnostic values for bacteria-negative pulmonary TB, among which PII had the highest diagnostic value and specificity, while NLR + PII had the highest sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Wu
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Na Fu
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | | | - Youlu Shen
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Minle County People’s Hospital, Gansu, Zhangye, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Withaferin A Protects against Primary and Recurrent Tuberculosis by Modulating Mycobacterium-Specific Host Immune Responses. Microbiol Spectr 2023:e0058323. [PMID: 36916966 PMCID: PMC10100980 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00583-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is governed by immune signaling pathways that can either eliminate the pathogen or result in tuberculosis (TB). Anti-TB therapy (ATT) is extensive and is efficacious only against active, drug-sensitive strains of M. tuberculosis. Due to severe side effects, ATT often causes impairment of host immunity, making it imperative to use novel immunotherapeutics for better clinical outcomes. In this study, we have explored the immunomodulatory potential of withaferin A (WA) as an immunotherapeutic against TB. Here, we demonstrate that WA can constrain intracellular drug-sensitive and -resistant strains of M. tuberculosis by augmenting host immune responses. We also established the potential of WA treatment in conjunction with isoniazid. We show that WA directs the host macrophages toward defensive M1 polarization and enhances TH1 and TH17 immune responses against M. tuberculosis infection. The reduced bacterial burden upon T cell adoptive transfer further corroborated the augmented T cell responses. Interestingly, WA stimulated the generation of T cell memory populations by instigating STAT signaling, thereby reducing the rate of TB recurrence due to reactivation and reinfection. We substantiate the prospects of WA as a potent adjunct immunomodulator that enriches protective memory cells by prompting STAT signaling and improves host defense against M. tuberculosis. IMPORTANCE Despite being extensive, conventional antituberculosis therapy (ATT) is barely proficient in providing sterile immunity to tuberculosis (TB). Failure to constrain the escalating global TB burden due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains and immune dampening effects of ATT necessitates adjunct immunotherapeutics for better clinical outcomes. We evaluated the prospects of withaferin A (WA), an active constituent of Withania somnifera, as an adjunct immunomodulator against diverse M. tuberculosis strains. WA efficiently restricts the progression of TB by stimulating antimycobacterial host responses, protective immune signaling, and activation of diverse immune cell populations. Protective effects of WA can be attributed to the enrichment of memory T cells by induction of STAT signaling, thereby enhancing resistance to reinfections and reactivation of disease. We ascertained the immunotherapeutic potential of WA in boosting host immune responses against M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
33
|
B cells promote granulomatous inflammation during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011187. [PMID: 36888692 PMCID: PMC9994760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study reveals that in chronic TB, the B cell-deficient μMT strain, relative to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, displays in the lungs lower levels of inflammation that are associated with decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation, diminished Th1 response, and enhanced levels of interleukin (IL)-10. The latter result raises the possibility that B cells may restrict lung expression of IL-10 in chronic TB. These observations are recapitulated in WT mice depleted for B cells using anti-CD20 antibodies. IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) blockade reverses the phenotypes of decreased inflammation and attenuated CD4+ T cell responses in B cell-depleted mice. Together, these results suggest that in chronic murine TB, B cells, by virtue of their capacity to restrict expression of the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive IL-10 in the lungs, promote the development of a robust protective Th1 response, thereby optimizing anti-TB immunity. This vigorous Th1 immunity and restricted IL-10 expression may, however, allow the development of inflammation to a level that can be detrimental to the host. Indeed, decreased lung inflammation observed in chronically infected B cell-deficient mice, which exhibit augmented lung IL-10 levels, is associated with a survival advantage relative to WT animals. Collectively, the results reveal that in chronic murine TB, B cells play a role in modulating the protective Th1 immunity and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 response, which results in augmentation of lung inflammation that can be host-detrimental. Intriguingly, in tuberculous human lungs, conspicuous B cell aggregates are present in close proximity to tissue-damaging lesions manifesting necrosis and cavitation, suggesting the possibility that in human TB, B cells may contribute to the development of exacerbated pathology that is known to promote transmission. Since transmission is a major hindrance to TB control, investigating into whether B cells can shape the development of severe pulmonic pathological responses in tuberculous individuals is warranted.
Collapse
|
34
|
Pahuja I, Negi K, Kumari A, Agarwal M, Mukhopadhyay S, Mathew B, Chaturvedi S, Maras JS, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Berberine governs NOTCH3/AKT signaling to enrich lung-resident memory T cells during tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011165. [PMID: 36881595 PMCID: PMC9990925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of naïve T cells during primary infection or vaccination drives the differentiation and expansion of effector and memory T cells that mediate immediate and long-term protection. Despite self-reliant rescue from infection, BCG vaccination, and treatment, long-term memory is rarely established against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) resulting in recurrent tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that berberine (BBR) enhances innate defense mechanisms against M.tb and stimulates the differentiation of Th1/Th17 specific effector memory (TEM), central memory (TCM), and tissue-resident memory (TRM) responses leading to enhanced host protection against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Through whole proteome analysis of human PBMCs derived from PPD+ healthy individuals, we identify BBR modulated NOTCH3/PTEN/AKT/FOXO1 pathway as the central mechanism of elevated TEM and TRM responses in the human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, BBR-induced glycolysis resulted in enhanced effector functions leading to superior Th1/Th17 responses in human and murine T cells. This regulation of T cell memory by BBR remarkably enhanced the BCG-induced anti-tubercular immunity and lowered the rate of TB recurrence due to relapse and re-infection. These results thus suggest tuning immunological memory as a feasible approach to augment host resistance against TB and unveil BBR as a potential adjunct immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Negi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suparba Mukhopadhyay
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (AB); (VPD)
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (AB); (VPD)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alvarez-Sekely M, Lopez-Bago A, Báez-Saldaña R, Pezoa-Jares RE, Gorocica P, Zenteno E, Lascurain R, Saldívar-González A. Major Depressive Disorder and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Comorbidity Exacerbates Proinflammatory Immune Response—A Preliminary Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030361. [PMID: 36986283 PMCID: PMC10059645 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorders (MDDs) occurs frequently in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in MDD patients is a well-established fact. Therefore, an integrated clinical practice should be considered. However, the inflammatory status of MDD-TB patients is unknown. In this study, we analyze cytokines in activated-cells and sera from MDD-TB, TB, MDD patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the intracellular production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after a polyclonal stimulation. A Bio-Plex Luminex system was used to measure serum cytokine and chemokine levels in the study groups. Results: We observed a 40.6% prevalence of MDD in TB patients. The proportion of IFN-gamma-producing cells was higher in MDD-TB patients than other pathological groups. Nevertheless, the percentage of TNF-alpha- and IL-12-producing cells was similar between MDD-TB and TB patients. Likewise, MDD-TB and TB patients showed similar serum pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, which were significantly lower than those in MDD patients. By multiple correspondence analyses, we observed that low levels of serum IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were powerfully associated with TB comorbidities with MDD. Conclusions: A high frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells is associated with low levels of serum anti-inflammatory cytokines in MDD-TB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Lopez-Bago
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Renata Báez-Saldaña
- Clínica de Neumología Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo E. Pezoa-Jares
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica
- Departamento de Investigación en Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Alfredo Saldívar-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (A.S.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wallis RS, O'Garra A, Sher A, Wack A. Host-directed immunotherapy of viral and bacterial infections: past, present and future. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:121-133. [PMID: 35672482 PMCID: PMC9171745 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of COVID-19 and the persistent threat of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, influenza and HIV/AIDS remind us of the marked impact that infections continue to have on public health. Some of the most effective protective measures are vaccines but these have been difficult to develop for some of these infectious diseases even after decades of research. The development of drugs and immunotherapies acting directly against the pathogen can be equally challenging, and such pathogen-directed therapeutics have the potential disadvantage of selecting for resistance. An alternative approach is provided by host-directed therapies, which interfere with host cellular processes required for pathogen survival or replication, or target the host immune response to infection (immunotherapies) to either augment immunity or ameliorate immunopathology. Here, we provide a historical perspective of host-directed immunotherapeutic interventions for viral and bacterial infections and then focus on SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, two major human pathogens of the current era, to indicate the key lessons learned and discuss candidate immunotherapeutic approaches, with a focus on drugs currently in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Wallis
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang K, Chen L, Zhu C, Zhang M, Liang C. Current Knowledge of Th22 Cell and IL-22 Functions in Infectious Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020176. [PMID: 36839448 PMCID: PMC9965464 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 22 (Th22) cells, a newly defined CD4+ T-cell lineage, are characterized by their distinct cytokine profile, which primarily consists of IL-13, IL-22 and TNF-α. Th22 cells express a wide spectrum of chemokine receptors, such as CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10. The main effector molecule secreted by Th22 cells is IL-22, a member of the IL-10 family, which acts by binding to IL-22R and triggering a complex downstream signaling system. Th22 cells and IL-22 have been found to play variable roles in human immunity. In preventing the progression of infections such as HIV and influenza, Th22/IL-22 exhibited protective anti-inflammatory characteristics, and their deleterious proinflammatory activities have been demonstrated to exacerbate other illnesses, including hepatitis B and Helicobacter pylori infection. Herein, we review the current understanding of Th22 cells, including their definition, differentiation and mechanisms, and the effect of Th22/IL-22 on human infectious diseases. According to studies on Th22 cells, Th22/IL-22 may be a promising therapeutic target and an effective treatment strategy for various infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-55162922034 (M.Z.); +86-55162922034 (C.L.)
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-55162922034 (M.Z.); +86-55162922034 (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Álvarez GI, Hernández Del Pino RE, Barbero AM, Estermann MA, Celano J, Musella RM, Palmero DJ, García VE, Pasquinelli V. Association of IFN-γ +874 A/T SNP and hypermethylation of the -53 CpG site with tuberculosis susceptibility. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1080100. [PMID: 36743307 PMCID: PMC9892940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is now the 2nd leading infectious killer after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Moreover, TB is a lethal combination for HIV-patients. Th1 responses and particularly IFN-γ are crucial for immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Many gene variants for IFNG that confer susceptibility to TB have been described in multiple ethnic populations. Likewise, some epigenetic modifications have been evaluated, being CpG methylation the major epigenetic mark that makes chromatin inaccessible to transcription factors, thus avoiding the initiation of IFNG transcription. Methods We evaluated both genetic and epigenetic changes involved in IFN-γ production and TB susceptibility in Argentine population. Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was performed for the IFN-γ +874 A/T polymorphism (rs2430561) genotyping in 199 healthy donors (HD) and 173 tuberculosis (TB) patients. IFN-γ levels from M. tuberculosis-stimulated PBMCs were measured by ELISA. The methylation status at the -53 CpG site of the IFNG promoter in individuals with latent infection (LTBI), TB and HD was determine by pyrosequencing. Results Using a case-control study, we found that A allele and, consequently, AA genotype were overrepresented in patients with active disease. Moreover, HD carrying T allele (AT or TT genotype) evidenced an augmented IFN-γ secretion compared to TB patients. Codominance was the genetic model that best fits our results according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC). In addition, increased methylation levels at the -53 CpG site in the IFN-γ promoter were observed in whole blood of patients with active TB compared to LTBI individuals. Discussion IFN-γ is regulated by genetic variants and epigenetic modifications during TB. Besides, AA genotype of the rs2430561 single nucleotide polymorphism could be considered as a potential TB susceptibility genetic biomarker in Argentina and the methylation of the -53 CpG site could result in a useful predictor of TB reactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Inés Álvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emanuel Hernández Del Pino
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela María Barbero
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Andrés Estermann
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Celano
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Verónica Edith García
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Virginia Pasquinelli, ,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vivekanandan MM, Adankwah E, Aniagyei W, Acheampong I, Minadzi D, Yeboah A, Arthur JF, Lamptey M, Abass MK, Kumbel F, Osei-Yeboah F, Gawusu A, Debrah LB, Owusu DO, Debrah A, Mayatepek E, Seyfarth J, Phillips RO, Jacobsen M. Impaired T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in tuberculosis patients is associated with high IL-6 plasma levels and normalizes early during anti-mycobacterial treatment. Infection 2023:10.1007/s15010-023-01977-1. [PMID: 36650358 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-01977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human tuberculosis is characterized by immunopathology that affects T-cell phenotype and functions. Previous studies found impaired T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in patients with acute tuberculosis. However, the influence of disease severity, affected T-cell subsets, and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Here we investigated PHA-induced and antigen-specific T-cell effector cytokines in tuberculosis patients (n = 55) as well as in healthy asymptomatic contacts (n = 32) from Ghana. Effects of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis sputum burden and treatment response were analyzed and compared during follow-up. Finally, cytokine characteristics of the aberrant plasma milieu in tuberculosis were analyzed as a potential cause for impaired PHA response. RESULTS PHA-induced IFN-γ expression was significantly lower in sputum-positive tuberculosis patients as compared to both, contacts and paucibacillary cases, and efficiently discriminated the study groups. T-cell responses to PHA increased significantly early during treatment and this was more pronounced in tuberculosis patients with rapid treatment response. Analysis of alternative cytokines revealed distinct patterns and IL-22, as well as IL-10, showed comparable expression to IFN-γ in response to PHA. Finally, we found that high IL-6 plasma levels were strongly associated with impaired IFN-γ and IL-22 response to PHA. CONCLUSION We conclude that impaired T-cell response to PHA stimulation in acute tuberculosis patients (i) was potentially caused by the aberrant plasma milieu, (ii) affected differentially polarized T-cell subsets, (iii) normalized early during treatment. This study shed light on the mechanisms of impaired T-cell functions in tuberculosis and yielded promising biomarker candidates for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Adankwah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wilfred Aniagyei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Acheampong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Difery Minadzi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustine Yeboah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph F Arthur
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Millicent Lamptey
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Amidu Gawusu
- Sene West Health Directorate, Kwame Danso, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dorcas O Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard O Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Larsen SE, Erasmus JH, Reese VA, Pecor T, Archer J, Kandahar A, Hsu FC, Nicholes K, Reed SG, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. An RNA-Based Vaccine Platform for Use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010130. [PMID: 36679975 PMCID: PMC9862644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis disease (TB), exerts an extensive burden on global health. The complex nature of M.tb, coupled with different TB disease stages, has made identifying immune correlates of protection challenging and subsequently slowing vaccine candidate progress. In this work, we leveraged two delivery platforms as prophylactic vaccines to assess immunity and subsequent efficacy against low-dose and ultra-low-dose aerosol challenges with M.tb H37Rv in C57BL/6 mice. Our second-generation TB vaccine candidate ID91 was produced as a fusion protein formulated with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion) or as a novel replicating-RNA (repRNA) formulated in a nanostructured lipid carrier. Protein subunit- and RNA-based vaccines preferentially elicit cellular immune responses to different ID91 epitopes. In a single prophylactic immunization screen, both platforms reduced pulmonary bacterial burden compared to the controls. Excitingly, in prime-boost strategies, the groups that received heterologous RNA-prime, protein-boost or combination immunizations demonstrated the greatest reduction in bacterial burden and a unique humoral and cellular immune response profile. These data are the first to report that repRNA platforms are a viable system for TB vaccines and should be pursued with high-priority M.tb antigens containing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- HDT BioCorp, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Valerie A. Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Carrisoza-Urbina J, Bedolla-Alva MA, Hernández-Pando R, López-Macías C, Huerta-Yepez S, Baay-Guzmán G, Juárez-Ramírez M, Gutiérrez-Pabello JA. Mycobacterium bovis naturally infected calves present a higher bacterial load and proinflammatory response than adult cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1105716. [PMID: 37180066 PMCID: PMC10172680 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are characteristic bovine tuberculosis lesions; studying this structure has improved our understanding of tuberculosis pathogenesis. However, the immune response that develops in granulomas of young cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) has not been fully studied. Our previous work described an atypical pattern in granulomatous lesions of cattle younger than 4 months (calves) naturally infected previously M. bovis that did not correspond to the histological classification previously proposed. Histologically, granulomas from calves lack a connective tissue capsule and have fewer multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) and more acid-fast bacilli (AFB) than the classic tuberculosis lesions found in cattle older than 1 year (adults); this suggests a deficient immune response against M. bovis infection in young animals. Therefore, we used IHC and digital pathology analysis to characterize the in situ immune response of granulomas from young and adult cattle. The immunolabeling quantification showed that granulomas from calves had more mycobacteria, CD3+ cells, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) than those of adult cattle. Furthermore, calf granulomas showed lower immunolabeling of MAC387+, CD79+, and WC1+ cells without connective tissue surrounding the lesion and were associated with less vimentin, Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), and TGF-β compared with granulomas from adult cattle. Our results suggest that the immune responses in granulomas of cattle naturally infected with M. bovis may be age dependent. This implies that an exacerbated proinflammatory response may be associated with active tuberculosis, producing more necrosis and a lower microbicidal capacity in the granulomas of calves naturally infected with M. bovis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Carrisoza-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Tuberculosis y Brucelosis, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario A. Bedolla-Alva
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Baay-Guzmán
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Juárez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José A. Gutiérrez-Pabello
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Tuberculosis y Brucelosis, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José A. Gutiérrez-Pabello,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dong W, Wang G, Bai Y, Li Y, Huo X, Zhao J, Lu W, Lu H, Wang C, Wang X, Chen H, Tan C. Analysis of the noncoding RNA regulatory networks of H37Rv- and H37Rv△1759c-infected macrophages. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106643. [PMID: 36992931 PMCID: PMC10042141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs regulate the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infecting the host, but there is no simultaneous transcriptional information of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) and the global regulatory networks of non-coding RNA. Rv1759c, a virulence factor, is a member of protein family containing the proline-glutamic acid (PE) in M. tb, which can increase M. tb survival. To reveal the noncoding RNA regulatory networks and the effect of Rv1759c on non-coding RNA expression during M. tb infection, we collected samples of H37Rv- and H37Rv△1759c-infected macrophages and explored the full transcriptome expression profile. We found 356 mRNAs, 433 lncRNAs, 168 circRNAs, and 12 miRNAs differentially expressed during H37Rv infection, 356 mRNAs, 433 lncRNAs, 168 circRNAs, and 12 miRNAs differentially expressed during H37Rv△1759c infection. We constructed lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks during H37Rv and H37Rv△1759c infection. We demonstrated the role of one of the hubs of the networks, hsa-miR-181b-3p, for H37Rv survival in macrophages. We discovered that the expression changes of 68 mRNAs, 92 lncRNAs, 26 circRNAs, and 3 miRNAs were only related to the deletion of Rv1759c by comparing the transcription profiles of H37Rv and H37Rv△1759c. Here, our study comprehensively characterizes the transcriptional profiles in THP1-derived-macrophages infected with H37Rv and H37Rv△1759c, which provides support and new directions for in-depth exploration of noncoding RNA and PE/PPE family functions during the infection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yajuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- WuHan Animal Disease Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Tan,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Antibiotic Treatment during Gestation Enhances Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Offspring. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0249122. [PMID: 36314979 PMCID: PMC9769670 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02491-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether antibiotic treatment during gestation impacts T cell immunity to vaccination in offspring is unexplored. Dams treated with polymyxin B (PMB) during gestation (Mg) displayed altered microbial communities prior to delivery compared to control dams (Mc). Differences in microbiota were also evident in pups born to polymyxin B-treated dams (Pg) compared to control pups (Pc). When pups were immunized with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), we observed no difference in TB10.4-specific T cells between Pc and Pg 4 weeks postimmunization. Significantly fewer splenic CD4 T cells from BCG-vaccinated Pg produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) upon stimulation, suggesting a possible functional deficiency. There was no difference in purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific IgG between Pc and Pg at this time point. However, when infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pg displayed significantly higher bacterial burden in the lung than Pc. Our results show that maternal PMB treatment during gestation may not impact splenic antigen-specific T cell responses following BCG vaccination but alters susceptibility to M. tuberculosis in offspring. IMPORTANCE The composition of the pioneer microbiota that colonize the infant gut are determined by the mother. Polymyxin B-induced changes in the maternal microbiota during pregnancy impact the offspring gut microbiota but not vaccine-specific CD4 T cell response. However, when infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, offspring born to mothers with an altered gut microbiota are susceptible to infection compared to those born to mothers not exposed to antibiotics.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abbas U, Masood KI, Khan A, Irfan M, Saifullah N, Jamil B, Hasan Z. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Relating immune impact of co-morbidity with challenges in disease management in high burden countries. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 29:100343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
45
|
Enhanced immunogenicity of Mycobacterium bovis BCG through CRISPRi mediated depletion of AftC. Cell Surf 2022; 8:100088. [PMID: 36405350 PMCID: PMC9651938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the disease tuberculosis and affects a third of the world’s population. The recent COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the situation with a projected 27% increase in tuberculosis related deaths. M. tuberculosis has an elaborate cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids which shield the bacilli from the toxic bactericidal milieu within phagocytes. Amongst, the numerous glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis, arabinofuranosyltransferase C (aftC) is responsible for the branching of the arabinan domain in both arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan. Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats interference (CRISPRi) we have generated aftC knockdowns in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and demonstrated the generation of a truncated, immunogenic lipoarabinomannan within its cell envelope. The aftC depleted BCG mutants were unable to form characteristic mycobacterial pellicular biofilms and elicit a potent immunostimulatory phenotype compared to wild type M. bovis BCG in a THP1 cell line. This study paves the way to further explore novel BCG mutants as promising vaccine boosters in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in Wound Healing and Tuberculosis (TB) treatment. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
47
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, V. Bhesania Hodiwala A, Wagh S, Patil MS. Evaluation of Rpoβ Gene and Its Various Mutants in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases by GeneXpert Method. Cureus 2022; 14:e31249. [PMID: 36514629 PMCID: PMC9733785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India is one of the countries in the world which contribute to the global burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). GeneXpert is a method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) that uses five overlapping probes (Probe A to E) to detect mutation in the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase gene (Rpoβ) responsible for rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). METHOD All the pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples received in tuberculosis (TB) laboratory for testing of MTB from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed for bacillary load and rifampicin resistance was identified by analyzing the number of missing probes. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 10,021 samples were tested for MDR-TB. Out of those samples, 2674 samples were positive for MTB of which 2321 were pulmonary samples and 353 were extra-pulmonary samples. Rifampicin resistance was detected in 385 pulmonary samples and 63 extrapulmonary samples. These samples were further differentiated according to the bacillary load. The highest number of mutations was observed in Probe E followed by Probe B, Probe A, and Probe D, and the lowest was observed in Probe C. Also, mutations were associated when all probes were present or a few combinations of probes were missing. CONCLUSION GeneXpert assay is a rapid molecular method that detected MTB and rifampicin resistance with a two-hour turnaround. It uses molecular beacons to detect mutation in the Rpoβ gene. This study can be useful in analyzing the prevalence and epidemiology of MTB in a particular demographic area and also the addition of a few more probes can enhance the identification of the mutation in other codons and therefore better therapeutic interventions can be developed accordingly.
Collapse
|
48
|
Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cole MS, Hegde PV, Aldrich CC. β-Lactamase-Mediated Fragmentation: Historical Perspectives and Recent Advances in Diagnostics, Imaging, and Antibacterial Design. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1992-2018. [PMID: 36048623 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of β-lactam (BL) antibiotics in the early 20th century represented a remarkable advancement in human medicine, allowing for the widespread treatment of infectious diseases that had plagued humanity throughout history. Yet, this triumph was followed closely by the emergence of β-lactamase (BLase), a bacterial weapon to destroy BLs. BLase production is a primary mechanism of resistance to BL antibiotics, and the spread of new homologues with expanded hydrolytic activity represents a pressing threat to global health. Nonetheless, researchers have developed strategies that take advantage of this defense mechanism, exploiting BLase activity in the creation of probes, diagnostic tools, and even novel antibiotics selective for resistant organisms. Early discoveries in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrating that certain BLs expel a leaving group upon BLase cleavage have spawned an entire field dedicated to employing this selective release mechanism, termed BLase-mediated fragmentation. Chemical probes have been developed for imaging and studying BLase-expressing organisms in the laboratory and diagnosing BL-resistant infections in the clinic. Perhaps most promising, new antibiotics have been developed that use BLase-mediated fragmentation to selectively release cytotoxic chemical "warheads" at the site of infection, reducing off-target effects and allowing for the repurposing of putative antibiotics against resistant organisms. This Review will provide some historical background to the emergence of this field and highlight some exciting recent reports that demonstrate the promise of this unique release mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S Cole
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pooja V Hegde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gcanga L, Tamgue O, Ozturk M, Pillay S, Jacobs R, Chia JE, Mbandi SK, Davids M, Dheda K, Schmeier S, Alam T, Roy S, Suzuki H, Brombacher F, Guler R. Host-Directed Targeting of LincRNA-MIR99AHG Suppresses Intracellular Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:421-437. [PMID: 35895506 PMCID: PMC7613730 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills 1.6 million people worldwide every year, and there is an urgent need for targeting host-pathogen interactions as a strategy to reduce mycobacterial resistance to current antimicrobials. Noncoding RNAs are emerging as important regulators of numerous biological processes and avenues for exploitation in host-directed therapeutics. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundantly expressed in immune cells, their functional role in gene regulation and bacterial infections remains understudied. In this study, we identify an immunoregulatory long intergenic noncoding RNA, lincRNA-MIR99AHG, which is upregulated in mouse and human macrophages upon IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and downregulated after clinical Mtb HN878 strain infection and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from active TB patients. To evaluate the functional role of lincRNA-MIR99AHG, we used antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) GapmeR-mediated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) lncRNA knockdown experiments. Knockdown of lincRNA-MIR99AHG with ASOs significantly reduced intracellular Mtb growth in mouse and human macrophages and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, in vivo treatment of mice with MIR99AHG ASOs reduced the mycobacterial burden in the lung and spleen. Furthermore, in macrophages, lincRNA-MIR99AHG is translocated to the nucleus and interacts with high affinity to hnRNPA2/B1 following IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and Mtb HN878 infection. Together, these findings identify lincRNA-MIR99AHG as a positive regulator of inflammation and macrophage polarization to promote Mtb growth and a possible target for adjunctive host-directed therapy against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Gcanga
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ousman Tamgue
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shandre Pillay
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Raygaana Jacobs
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malika Davids
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunology, UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunology, UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schmeier
- College of Science, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanvir Alam
- Information and Computing Technology Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sugata Roy
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Cellular Function Conversion Technology Team, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Cellular Function Conversion Technology Team, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Address correspondence to: Frank Brombacher, PhD, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Department of Pathology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Reto Guler, PhD, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|