1
|
Huang J, Chen Z, van Zijl PCM, Law LH, Pemmasani Prabakaran RS, Park SW, Xu J, Chan KWY. Effect of inhaled oxygen level on dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI in mouse brain. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:57-68. [PMID: 38308151 PMCID: PMC11055662 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of inhaled oxygen level on dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI in mouse brain tissue and CSF at 3 T. METHODS DGE data of brain tissue and CSF from mice under normoxia or hyperoxia were acquired in independent and interleaved experiments using on-resonance variable delay multi-pulse (onVDMP) MRI. A bolus of 0.15 mL filtered 50% D-glucose was injected through the tail vein over 1 min during DGE acquisition. MRS was acquired before and after DGE experiments to confirm the presence of D-glucose. RESULTS A significantly higher DGE effect under normoxia than under hyperoxia was observed in brain tissue (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0002 for independent and interleaved experiments, respectively), but not in CSF (p > 0.3). This difference is attributed to the increased baseline MR tissue signal under hyperoxia induced by a shortened T1 and an increased BOLD effect. When switching from hyperoxia to normoxia without glucose injection, a signal change of ˜3.0% was found in brain tissue and a signal change of ˜1.5% was found in CSF. CONCLUSIONS DGE signal was significantly lower under hyperoxia than that under normoxia in brain tissue, but not in CSF. The reason is that DGE effect size of brain tissue is affected by the baseline signal, which could be influenced by T1 change and BOLD effect. Therefore, DGE experiments in which the oxygenation level is changed from baseline need to be interpreted carefully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter CM van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lok Hin Law
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rohith Saai Pemmasani Prabakaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Se Weon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie WY Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Tung Biomedical Science Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mareš J, Karjalainen J, Håkansson P, Michaeli S, Liimatainen T. Glucose exchange parameters in a subset of physiological conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22965-22978. [PMID: 37593950 PMCID: PMC10467565 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01973j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemical exchange of labile protons of the hydroxyl groups can be exploited in a variety of magnetic resonance experiments to gain information about the groups and their physicochemical environment. The exchangeable -OH protons provide important contributions to the T2 of water signals thus contributing to the T2-weighted contrast of MRI images. This exchange can be exploited more specifically and sensitively in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) or longitudinal rotating frame relaxation (T1,ρ) experiments. Since glucose is omnipresent in living organisms, it may be seen as a rather universal probe. Even though the potential was first recognized many years ago, practical use has remained scarce due to numerous challenges. The major limitation is the rather low glucose concentration in most tissues. The other obstacles are related to multiple dependencies of the exchange parameters, such as temperature, pH, and concentration of various ions that are not known in sufficient detail for glucose. Thus, we embarked on evaluating the exchange parameters of a model that included every relevant chemical site for all -OH protons in both dominant enantiomers of glucose. We have (1) obtained conventional one-dimensional proton NMR spectra of glucose solutions in suitable temperature ranges, (2) we have iterated through several exchange models with various degrees of freedom determined by the number of distinguishable -OH proton sites and compared their performance, (3) we extrapolated the parameters of the best model of physiological temperature and (4) we demonstrated the use of the parameters in virtual experiments. As the main results, (1) we have obtained the temperature dependence of exchange parameters with reliable confidence intervals in three different pH values, with two of them reaching physiological temperature, and (2) we show how the parameters can be used in virtual experiments, helping to develop new applications for glucose as an NMR/MRI probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mareš
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland.
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - J Karjalainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - P Håkansson
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland.
| | - S Michaeli
- Center for MR Research, Radiology Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN55455, USA
| | - T Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Z, MacCuaig WM, Gurcan MN, Claros-Sorto J, Garwe T, Henson C, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Hannafon B, Chandra V, Wellberg E, McNally LR. Dynamic 2-deoxy-D-glucose-enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography for assessing metabolism and vascular hemodynamics of breast cancer. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100531. [PMID: 37485041 PMCID: PMC10362308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical tools for measuring tumor vascular hemodynamics, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, are clinically important to assess tumor properties. Here we explored the use of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), which has a high spatial and temporal resolution, to measure the intratumoral pharmacokinetics of a near-infrared-dye-labeled 2-Deoxyglucose, 2-DG-800, in orthotropic 2-LMP breast tumors in mice. As uptake of 2-DG-800 is dependent on both vascular properties, and glucose transporter activity - a widely-used surrogate for metabolism, we evaluate hemodynamics of 2-DG-MP by fitting the dynamic MSOT signal of 2-DG-800 into two-compartment models including the extended Tofts model (ETM) and reference region model (RRM). We showed that dynamic 2-DG-enhanced MSOT (DGE-MSOT) is powerful in acquiring hemodynamic rate constants, including Ktrans and Kep, via systemically injecting a low dose of 2-DG-800 (0.5 µmol/kg b.w.). In our study, both ETM and RRM are efficient in deriving hemodynamic parameters in the tumor. Area-under-curve (AUC) values (which correlate to metabolism), and Ktrans and Kep values, can effectively distinguish tumor from muscle. Hemodynamic parameters also demonstrated correlations to hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and blood oxygen level (SO2) measurements by spectral unmixing of the MSOT data. Together, our study for the first time demonstrated the capability of DGE-MSOT in assessing vascular hemodynamics of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Center for Health Systems Innovation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Juan Claros-Sorto
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tabitha Garwe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christina Henson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Bethany Hannafon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seidemo A, Wirestam R, Helms G, Markenroth Bloch K, Xu X, Bengzon J, Sundgren PC, van Zijl PCM, Knutsson L. Tissue response curve-shape analysis of dynamic glucose-enhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumor. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4863. [PMID: 36310022 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI is used to study the signal intensity time course (tissue response curve) after D-glucose injection. D-glucose has potential as a biodegradable alternative or complement to gadolinium-based contrast agents, with DGE being comparable with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. However, the tissue uptake kinetics as well as the detection methods of DGE differ from DCE MRI, and it is relevant to compare these techniques in terms of spatiotemporal enhancement patterns. This study aims to develop a DGE analysis method based on tissue response curve shapes, and to investigate whether DGE MRI provides similar or complementary information to DCE MRI. Eleven patients with suspected gliomas were studied. Tissue response curves were measured for DGE and DCE MRI at 7 T and the area under the curve (AUC) was assessed. Seven types of response curve shapes were postulated and subsequently identified by deep learning to create color-coded "curve maps" showing the spatial distribution of different curve types. DGE AUC values were significantly higher in lesions than in normal tissue (p < 0.007). Furthermore, the distribution of curve types differed between lesions and normal tissue for both DGE and DCE. The DGE and DCE response curves in a 6-min postinjection time interval were classified as the same curve type in 20% of the lesion voxels, which increased to 29% when a 12-min DGE time interval was considered. While both DGE and DCE tissue response curve-shape analysis enabled differentiation of lesions from normal brain tissue in humans, their enhancements were neither temporally identical nor confined entirely to the same regions. Curve maps can provide accessible and intuitive information about the shape of DGE response curves, which is expected to be useful in the continued work towards the interpretation of DGE uptake curves in terms of D-glucose delivery, transport, and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Xiang Xu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knutsson L, Xu X, van Zijl PCM, Chan KWY. Imaging of sugar-based contrast agents using their hydroxyl proton exchange properties. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4784. [PMID: 35665547 PMCID: PMC9719573 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of CEST MRI to detect the presence of millimolar concentrations of non-metallic contrast agents has made it possible to study, non-invasively, important biological molecules such as proteins and sugars, as well as drugs already approved for clinical use. Here, we review efforts to use sugar and sugar polymers as exogenous contrast agents, which is possible based on the exchange of their hydroxyl protons with water protons. While this capability has raised early enthusiasm, for instance about the possibility of imaging D-glucose metabolism with MRI in a way analogous to PET, experience over the past decade has shown that this is not trivial. On the other hand, many studies have confirmed the possibility of imaging a large variety of sugar analogues, each with potentially interesting applications to assess tissue physiology. Some promising applications are the study of (i) sugar delivery and transport to assess blood-brain barrier integrity and (ii) sugar uptake by cells for their characterization (e.g., cancer versus healthy), as well as (iii) clearance of sugars to assess tissue drainage-for instance, through the glymphatic system. To judge these opportunities and their challenges, especially in the clinic, it is necessary to understand the technical aspects of detecting the presence of rapidly exchanging protons through the water signal in MRI, especially as a function of magnetic field strength. We expect that novel approaches in terms of MRI detection (both saturation transfer and relaxation based), MRI data analysis, and sugar design will push this young field forward in the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, US
| | - Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter CM van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, US
| | - Kannie WY Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lehmann PM, Seidemo A, Andersen M, Xu X, Li X, Yadav NN, Wirestam R, Liebig P, Testud F, Sundgren P, van Zijl PCM, Knutsson L. A numerical human brain phantom for dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI: On the influence of head motion at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1871-1887. [PMID: 36579955 PMCID: PMC9992166 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI relates to a group of exchange-based MRI techniques where the uptake of glucose analogues is studied dynamically. However, motion artifacts can be mistaken for true DGE effects, while motion correction may alter true signal effects. The aim was to design a numerical human brain phantom to simulate a realistic DGE MRI protocol at 3T that can be used to assess the influence of head movement on the signal before and after retrospective motion correction. METHODS MPRAGE data from a tumor patient were used to simulate dynamic Z-spectra under the influence of motion. The DGE responses for different tissue types were simulated, creating a ground truth. Rigid head movement patterns were applied as well as physiological dilatation and pulsation of the lateral ventricles and head-motion-induced B0 -changes in presence of first-order shimming. The effect of retrospective motion correction was evaluated. RESULTS Motion artifacts similar to those previously reported for in vivo DGE data could be reproduced. Head movement of 1 mm translation and 1.5 degrees rotation led to a pseudo-DGE effect on the order of 1% signal change. B0 effects due to head motion altered DGE changes due to a shift in the water saturation spectrum. Pseudo DGE effects were partly reduced or enhanced by rigid motion correction depending on tissue location. CONCLUSION DGE MRI studies can be corrupted by motion artifacts. Designing post-processing methods using retrospective motion correction including B0 correction will be crucial for clinical implementation. The proposed phantom should be useful for evaluation and optimization of such techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Lehmann
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mads Andersen
- Philips Healthcare, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lund University Bioimaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiang Xu
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirbhay N Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Pia Sundgren
- Lund University Bioimaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delebarre T, Gras V, Mauconduit F, Vignaud A, Boulant N, Ciobanu L. Efficient optimization of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI at 7 T using universal pulses and virtual observation points. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:51-63. [PMID: 36779346 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize the homogeneity of the presaturation module in a Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) acquisition at 7 T using parallel transmission (pTx). THEORY AND METHODS An optimized pTx-CEST presaturation scheme based on precomputed universal pulses was designed. The optimization was performed by minimizing the L2-norm between the effective B 1 , RMS + $$ {B}_{1,\mathrm{RMS}}^{+} $$ and a given target while imposing energy constraints under virtual observation points (VOPs) supervision. The proposed method was evaluated through simulations and experimentally, both in vitro, on a realistic human head phantom, and in vivo, on healthy volunteers. The results were compared with circular polarization (CP) presaturation and other pTx approaches previously proposed. All experiments were conducted on a 7 T MRI scanner using a commercial 8Tx/32Rx head coil. RESULTS The simulations show that the proposed pTx strategy boosted with VOPs is superior to the CP mode and existent pTx approaches. While the best results are obtained with subject specific pulses, the gain provided by the use of VOPs renders the universal pulses superior to tailored pulses optimized under vendor provided Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) management. In the phantom, the glucose MTR asym $$ {\mathrm{MTR}}_{\mathrm{asym}} $$ map was significantly more homogeneous than with CP (root mean square error [RMSE] 17% vs. 30%). The efficiency of the method for in vivo hydroxyl, glutamate and rNOE weighted CEST acquisitions was also demonstrated. CONCLUSION The use of a pTx presaturation scheme based on universal pulses optimized under VOP SAR management is significantly benefiting CEST imaging at high magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaddée Delebarre
- NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Gras
- NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Mauconduit
- NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandre Vignaud
- NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Boulant
- NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luisa Ciobanu
- NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dickie BR, Jin T, Wang P, Hinz R, Harris W, Boutin H, Parker GJ, Parkes LM, Matthews JC. Quantitative kinetic modelling and mapping of cerebral glucose transport and metabolism using glucoCESL MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2066-2079. [PMID: 35748031 PMCID: PMC9580170 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical-exchange spin-lock (CESL) MRI can map regional uptake and utilisation of glucose in the brain at high spatial resolution (i.e sub 0.2 mm3 voxels). We propose two quantitative kinetic models to describe glucose-induced changes in tissue R1ρ and apply them to glucoCESL MRI data acquired in tumour-bearing and healthy rats. When assuming glucose transport is saturable, the maximal transport capacity (Tmax) measured in normal tissue was 3.2 ± 0.6 µmol/min/mL, the half saturation constant (Kt) was 8.8 ± 2.2 mM, the metabolic rate of glucose consumption (MRglc) was 0.21 ± 0.13 µmol/min/mL, and the cerebral blood volume (vb) was 0.006 ± 0.005 mL/mL. Values in tumour were: Tmax = 7.1 ± 2.7 µmol/min/mL, Kt = 14 ± 1.7 mM, MRglc = 0.22 ± 0.09 µmol/min/mL, vb = 0.030 ± 0.035 mL/mL. Tmax and Kt were significantly higher in tumour tissue than normal tissue (p = 0.006 and p = 0.011, respectively). When assuming glucose uptake also occurs via free diffusion, the free diffusion rate (kd) was 0.061 ± 0.017 mL/min/mL in normal tissue and 0.12 ± 0.042 mL/min/mL in tumour. These parameter estimates agree well with literature values obtained using other approaches (e.g. NMR spectroscopy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben R Dickie
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Harris
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Geoff Jm Parker
- Bioxydyn Limited, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering and Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Julian C Matthews
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shaffer A, Kwok SS, Naik A, Anderson AT, Lam F, Wszalek T, Arnold PM, Hassaneen W. Ultra-High-Field MRI in the Diagnosis and Management of Gliomas: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:857825. [PMID: 35449515 PMCID: PMC9016277 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.857825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Gliomas, tumors of the central nervous system, are classically diagnosed through invasive surgical biopsy and subsequent histopathological study. Innovations in ultra-high field (UHF) imaging, namely 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (7T MRI) are advancing preoperative tumor grading, visualization of intratumoral structures, and appreciation of small brain structures and lesions. Objective Summarize current innovative uses of UHF imaging techniques in glioma diagnostics and treatment. Methods A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was performed utilizing PubMed. Case reports and series, observational clinical trials, and randomized clinical trials written in English were included. After removing unrelated studies and those with non-human subjects, only those related to 7T MRI were independently reviewed and summarized for data extraction. Some preclinical animal models are briefly described to demonstrate future usages of ultra-high-field imaging. Results We reviewed 46 studies (43 human and 3 animal models) which reported clinical usages of UHF MRI in the diagnosis and management of gliomas. Current literature generally supports greater resolution imaging from 7T compared to 1.5T or 3T MRI, improving visualization of cerebral microbleeds and white and gray matter, and providing more precise localization for radiotherapy targeting. Additionally, studies found that diffusion or susceptibility-weighted imaging techniques applied to 7T MRI, may be used to predict tumor grade, reveal intratumoral structures such as neovasculature and microstructures like axons, and indicate isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation status in preoperative imaging. Similarly, newer imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging can be performed on 7T MRI to predict tumor grading and treatment efficacy. Geometrical distortion, a known challenge of 7T MRI, was at a tolerable level in all included studies. Conclusion UHF imaging has the potential to preoperatively and non-invasively grade gliomas, provide precise therapy target areas, and visualize lesions not seen on conventional MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Shaffer
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Susanna S Kwok
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Anant Naik
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Aaron T Anderson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Carle Illinois Advanced Imaging Center, University of Illinois and Carle Health, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Fan Lam
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Tracey Wszalek
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Carle Illinois Advanced Imaging Center, University of Illinois and Carle Health, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Paul M Arnold
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Carle Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Wael Hassaneen
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Carle Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang J, Lai JHC, Han X, Chen Z, Xiao P, Liu Y, Chen L, Xu J, Chan KWY. Sensitivity schemes for dynamic glucose-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to detect glucose uptake and clearance in mouse brain at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4640. [PMID: 34750891 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated three dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI methods for sensitively monitoring glucose uptake and clearance in both brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at clinical field strength (3 T). By comparing three sequences, namely, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG), on-resonance variable delay multipulse (onVDMP), and on-resonance spin-lock (onSL), a high-sensitivity DGE MRI scheme with truncated multilinear singular value decomposition (MLSVD) denoising was proposed. The CPMG method showed the highest sensitivity in detecting the parenchymal DGE signal among the three methods, while both onVDMP and onSL were more robust for CSF DGE imaging. Here, onVDMP was applied for CSF imaging, as it displayed the best stability of the DGE results in this study. The truncated MLSVD denoising method was incorporated to further improve the sensitivity. The proposed DGE MRI scheme was examined in mouse brain with 50%/25%/12.5% w/w D-glucose injections. The results showed that this combination could detect DGE signal changes from the brain parenchyma and CSF with as low as a 12.5% w/w D-glucose injection. The proposed DGE MRI schemes could sensitively detect the glucose signal change from brain parenchyma and CSF after D-glucose injection at a clinically relevant concentration, demonstrating high potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph H C Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiongqi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang PLY, Méndez Romero A, Jaspers JPM, Warnert EAH. The potential of advanced MR techniques for precision radiotherapy of glioblastoma. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:127-143. [PMID: 35129718 PMCID: PMC8901515 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As microscopic tumour infiltration of glioblastomas is not visible on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, an isotropic expansion of 1-2 cm around the visible tumour is applied to define the clinical target volume for radiotherapy. An opportunity to visualize microscopic infiltration arises with advanced MR imaging. In this review, various advanced MR biomarkers are explored that could improve target volume delineation for radiotherapy of glioblastomas. Various physiological processes in glioblastomas can be visualized with different advanced MR techniques. Combining maps of oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), vessel size imaging (VSI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) or amide proton transfer (APT) can provide early information on tumour infiltration and high-risk regions of future recurrence. Oxygen consumption is increased 6 months prior to tumour progression being visible on conventional MR imaging. However, presence of the Warburg effect, marking a switch from an infiltrative to a proliferative phenotype, could result in CMRO2 to appear unaltered in high-risk regions. Including information on biomarkers representing angiogenesis (rCBV and VSI) and hypercellularity (ADC) or protein concentration (APT) can omit misinterpretation due to the Warburg effect. Future research should evaluate these biomarkers in radiotherapy planning to explore the potential of advanced MR techniques to personalize target volume delineation with the aim to improve local tumour control and/or reduce radiation-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Y Tang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alejandra Méndez Romero
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap P M Jaspers
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A H Warnert
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bender B, Herz K, Deshmane A, Richter V, Tabatabai G, Schittenhelm J, Skardelly M, Scheffler K, Ernemann U, Kim M, Golay X, Zaiss M, Lindig T. GLINT: GlucoCEST in neoplastic tumors at 3 T-clinical results of GlucoCEST in gliomas. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:77-85. [PMID: 34890014 PMCID: PMC8901469 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Clinical relevance of dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging has mostly been demonstrated at ultra-high field (UHF) due to low effect size. Results of a cohort study at clinical field strength are shown herein. Materials and methods Motion and field inhomogeneity corrected T1ρ‐based DGE (DGE⍴) images were acquired before, during and after a d-glucose injection with 6.3 s temporal resolution to detect accumulation in the brain. Six glioma patients with clear blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, two glioma patients with suspected BBB leakage, and three glioma patients without BBB leakage were scanned at 3 T. Results In high-grade gliomas with BBB leakage, d-glucose uptake could be detected in the gadolinium (Gd) enhancing region as well as in the tumor necrosis with a maximum increase of ∆DGE⍴ around 0.25%, whereas unaffected white matter did not show any significant DGE⍴ increase. Glioma patients without Gd enhancement showed no detectable DGE⍴ effect within the tumor. Conclusion First application of DGE⍴ in a patient cohort shows an association between BBB leakage and DGE signal irrespective of the tumor grade. This indicates that glucoCEST corresponds more to the disruptions of BBB with Gd uptake than to the molecular tumor profile or tumor grading. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10334-021-00982-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vivien Richter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Skardelly
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ernemann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mina Kim
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xavier Golay
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim M, Eleftheriou A, Ravotto L, Weber B, Rivlin M, Navon G, Capozza M, Anemone A, Longo DL, Aime S, Zaiss M, Herz K, Deshmane A, Lindig T, Bender B, Golay X. What do we know about dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI and how close is it to the clinics? Horizon 2020 GLINT consortium report. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:87-104. [PMID: 35032288 PMCID: PMC8901523 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases that the world is currently facing, accounting for 10 million deaths in 2020 (WHO). In the last two decades, advanced medical imaging has played an ever more important role in the early detection of the disease, as it increases the chances of survival and the potential for full recovery. To date, dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI using glucose-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) has demonstrated the sensitivity to detect both d-glucose and glucose analogs, such as 3-oxy-methyl-d-glucose (3OMG) uptake in tumors. As one of the recent international efforts aiming at pushing the boundaries of translation of the DGE MRI technique into clinical practice, a multidisciplinary team of eight partners came together to form the “glucoCEST Imaging of Neoplastic Tumors (GLINT)” consortium, funded by the Horizon 2020 European Commission. This paper summarizes the progress made to date both by these groups and others in increasing our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms related to this technique as well as translating it into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afroditi Eleftheriou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ravotto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rivlin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martina Capozza
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Neuroradiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xavier Golay
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seidemo A, Lehmann PM, Rydhög A, Wirestam R, Helms G, Zhang Y, Yadav NN, Sundgren PC, van Zijl PC, Knutsson L. Towards robust glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in humans at 3 T: Arterial input function measurements and the effects of infusion time. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4624. [PMID: 34585813 PMCID: PMC9128843 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential for tumor imaging using D-glucose as a biodegradable contrast agent. The DGE signal change is small at 3 T (around 1%) and accurate detection is hampered by motion. The intravenous D-glucose injection is associated with transient side effects that can indirectly generate subject movements. In this study, the aim was to study DGE arterial input functions (AIFs) in healthy volunteers at 3 T for different scanning protocols, as a step towards making the glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) protocol more robust. Two different infusion durations (1.5 and 4.0 min) and saturation frequency offsets (1.2 and 2.0 ppm) were used. The effect of subject motion on the DGE signal was studied by using motion estimates retrieved from standard retrospective motion correction to create pseudo-DGE maps, where the apparent DGE signal changes were entirely caused by motion. Furthermore, the DGE AIFs were compared with venous blood glucose levels. A significant difference (p = 0.03) between arterial baseline and postinfusion DGE signal was found after D-glucose infusion. The results indicate that the measured DGE AIF signal change depends on both motion and blood glucose concentration change, emphasizing the need for sufficient motion correction in glucoCEST imaging. Finally, we conclude that a longer infusion duration (e.g. 3-4 min) should preferably be used in glucoCEST experiments, because it can minimize the glucose infusion side effects without negatively affecting the DGE signal change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Rydhög
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nirbhay N. Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pia C. Sundgren
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C.M. van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hagiwara A, Yao J, Raymond C, Cho NS, Everson R, Patel K, Morrow DH, Desousa BR, Mareninov S, Chun S, Nathanson DA, Yong WH, Andrei G, Divakaruni AS, Salamon N, Pope WB, Nghiemphu PL, Liau LM, Cloughesy TF, Ellingson BM. "Aerobic glycolytic imaging" of human gliomas using combined pH-, oxygen-, and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 32:102882. [PMID: 34911188 PMCID: PMC8609049 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolytic imaging combines pH-, oxygen-, and perfusion-weighted MRI. Aerobic glycolytic imaging depicts abnormal glucose metabolism of gliomas. IDH wild-type gliomas show higher aerobic glycolytic index compared with mutants. Aerobic glycolytic index in IDH wild-type glioma is correlated with glucose uptake. Aerobic glycolytic index in IDH mutant glioma is correlated to lactate transporters.
Purpose To quantify abnormal metabolism of diffuse gliomas using “aerobic glycolytic imaging” and investigate its biological correlation. Methods All subjects underwent a pH-weighted amine chemical exchange saturation transfer spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging (CEST-SAGE-EPI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI. Relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) was estimated as the ratio of reversible transverse relaxation rate R2′ to normalized relative cerebral blood volume. An aerobic glycolytic index (AGI) was derived by the ratio of pH-weighted image contrast (MTRasym at 3.0 ppm) to rOEF. AGI was compared between different tumor types (N = 51, 30 IDH mutant and 21 IDH wild type). Metabolic MR parameters were correlated with 18F-FDG uptake (N = 8, IDH wild-type glioblastoma), expression of key glycolytic proteins using immunohistochemistry (N = 38 samples, 21 from IDH mutant and 17 from IDH wild type), and bioenergetics analysis on purified tumor cells (N = 7, IDH wild-type high grade). Results AGI was significantly lower in IDH mutant than wild-type gliomas (0.48 ± 0.48 vs. 0.70 ± 0.48; P = 0.03). AGI was strongly correlated with 18F-FDG uptake both in non-enhancing tumor (Spearman, ρ = 0.81; P = 0.01) and enhancing tumor (ρ = 0.81; P = 0.01). AGI was significantly correlated with glucose transporter 3 (ρ = 0.71; P = 0.004) and hexokinase 2 (ρ = 0.73; P = 0.003) in IDH wild-type glioma, and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (ρ = 0.59; P = 0.009) in IDH mutant glioma. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between AGI derived from bioenergetics analysis and that estimated from MRI (ρ = 0.79; P = 0.04). Conclusion AGI derived from molecular MRI was correlated with glucose uptake (18F-FDG and glucose transporter 3/hexokinase 2) and cellular AGI in IDH wild-type gliomas, whereas AGI in IDH mutant gliomas appeared associated with monocarboxylate transporter density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Hagiwara
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jingwen Yao
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Cho
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danielle H Morrow
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon R Desousa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergey Mareninov
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saewon Chun
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gafita Andrei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boyd PS, Breitling J, Korzowski A, Zaiss M, Franke VL, Mueller-Decker K, Glinka A, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. Mapping intracellular pH in tumors using amide and guanidyl CEST-MRI at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:2436-2452. [PMID: 34958684 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In principle, non-invasive mapping of the intracellular pH (pHi ) in vivo is possible using endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI of the amide and guanidyl signals. However, the application for cancer imaging is still impeded, as current state-of-the-art approaches do not allow for simultaneous compensation of concomitant effects that vary within tumors. In this study, we present a novel method for absolute pHi mapping using endogenous CEST-MRI, which simultaneously compensates for concentration changes, superimposing CEST signals, magnetization transfer contrast, and spillover dilution. THEORY AND METHODS Compensation of the concomitant effects was achieved by a ratiometric approach (i.e. the ratio of one CEST signal at different B1 ) in combination with the relaxation-compensated inverse magnetization transfer ratio MTRRex and a separate first-order polynomial-Lorentzian fit of the amide and guanidyl signals at 9.4 T. Calibration of pH values was accomplished using in vivo-like model suspensions from porcine brain lysates. Applicability of the presented method in vivo was demonstrated in n = 19 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS In porcine brain lysates, measurement of pH was feasible over a broad range of physiologically relevant pH values of 6.2 to 8.0, while being independent of changes in concentration. A median pHi of approximately 7.2 was found in the lesions of 19 tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION The presented method enables non-invasive mapping of absolute pHi values in tumors using CEST-MRI, which was so far prevented by concomitant effects. Consequently, pre-clinical studies on pHi changes in tumors are possible allowing the assessment of pHi in vivo as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Division of Neuroradiology in Radiological Institute, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa L Franke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Mueller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models (Center for Preclinical Research), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anemone A, Capozza M, Arena F, Zullino S, Bardini P, Terreno E, Longo DL, Aime S. In vitro and in vivo comparison of MRI chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) properties between native glucose and 3-O-Methyl-D-glucose in a murine tumor model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4602. [PMID: 34423470 PMCID: PMC9285575 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
D-Glucose and 3-O-Methyl-D-glucose (3OMG) have been shown to provide contrast in magnetic resonance imaging-chemical exchange saturation transfer (MRI-CEST) images. However, a systematic comparison between these two molecules has yet to be performed. The current study deals with the assessment of the effect of pH, saturation power level (B1 ) and magnetic field strength (B0 ) on the MRI-CEST contrast with the aim of comparing the in vivo CEST contrast detectability of these two agents in the glucoCEST procedure. Phosphate-buffered solutions of D-Glucose or 3OMG (20 mM) were prepared at different pH values and Z-spectra were acquired at several B1 levels at 37°C. In vivo glucoCEST images were obtained at 3 and 7 T over a period of 30 min after injection of D-Glucose or 3OMG (at doses of 1.5 or 3 g/kg) in a murine melanoma tumor model (n = 3-5 mice for each molecule, dose and B0 field). A markedly different pH dependence of CEST response was observed in vitro for D-Glucose and 3OMG. The glucoCEST contrast enhancement in the tumor region following intravenous administration (at the 3 g/kg dose) was comparable for both molecules: 1%-2% at 3 T and 2%-3% at 7 T. The percentage change in saturation transfer that resulted was almost constant for 3OMG over the 30-min period, whereas a significant increase was detected for D-Glucose. Our results show similar CEST contrast efficiency but different temporal kinetics for the metabolizable and the nonmetabolizable glucose derivatives in a tumor murine model when administered at the same doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Martina Capozza
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Francesca Arena
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Sara Zullino
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Paola Bardini
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TorinoItaly
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TorinoItaly
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TorinoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duraj T, Carrión-Navarro J, Seyfried TN, García-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Metabolic therapy and bioenergetic analysis: The missing piece of the puzzle. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101389. [PMID: 34749013 PMCID: PMC8637646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, a pillar necessary for cellular proliferation. Regarding bioenergetics (ATP generation), most cancers display a preference not only toward aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and glutaminolysis (mitochondrial substrate level-phosphorylation) but also toward other metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and fat-derived sources. These secondary metabolites can assist in proliferation but cannot fully cover ATP demands. SCOPE OF REVIEW The concept of a static metabolic profile is challenged by instances of heterogeneity and flexibility to meet fuel/anaplerotic demands. Although metabolic therapies are a promising tool to improve therapeutic outcomes, either via pharmacological targets or press-pulse interventions, metabolic plasticity is rarely considered. Lack of bioenergetic analysis in vitro and patient-derived models is hindering translational potential. Here, we review the bioenergetics of cancer and propose a simple analysis of major metabolic pathways, encompassing both affordable and advanced techniques. A comprehensive compendium of Seahorse XF bioenergetic measurements is presented for the first time. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardization of principal readouts might help researchers to collect a complete metabolic picture of cancer using the most appropriate methods depending on the sample of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Platt T, Ladd ME, Paech D. 7 Tesla and Beyond: Advanced Methods and Clinical Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:705-725. [PMID: 34510098 PMCID: PMC8505159 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher contrast-to-noise ratio, with static magnetic field strengths of B0 ≥ 7 T currently being referred to as ultrahigh fields (UHFs). The advantages of UHF can be used to resolve structures more precisely or to visualize physiological/pathophysiological effects that would be difficult or even impossible to detect at lower field strengths. However, with these advantages also come challenges, such as inhomogeneities applying standard radiofrequency excitation techniques, higher energy deposition in the human body, and enhanced B0 field inhomogeneities. The advantages but also the challenges of UHF as well as promising advanced methodological developments and clinical applications that particularly benefit from UHF are discussed in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Platt
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jayachandran Preetha C, Meredig H, Brugnara G, Mahmutoglu MA, Foltyn M, Isensee F, Kessler T, Pflüger I, Schell M, Neuberger U, Petersen J, Wick A, Heiland S, Debus J, Platten M, Idbaih A, Brandes AA, Winkler F, van den Bent MJ, Nabors B, Stupp R, Maier-Hein KH, Gorlia T, Tonn JC, Weller M, Wick W, Bendszus M, Vollmuth P. Deep-learning-based synthesis of post-contrast T1-weighted MRI for tumour response assessment in neuro-oncology: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH 2021; 3:e784-e794. [PMID: 34688602 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used to enhance tissue contrast during MRI scans and play a crucial role in the management of patients with cancer. However, studies have shown gadolinium deposition in the brain after repeated GBCA administration with yet unknown clinical significance. We aimed to assess the feasibility and diagnostic value of synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted MRI generated from pre-contrast MRI sequences through deep convolutional neural networks (dCNN) for tumour response assessment in neuro-oncology. METHODS In this multicentre, retrospective cohort study, we used MRI examinations to train and validate a dCNN for synthesising post-contrast T1-weighted sequences from pre-contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. We used MRI scans with availability of these sequences from 775 patients with glioblastoma treated at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (775 MRI examinations); 260 patients who participated in the phase 2 CORE trial (1083 MRI examinations, 59 institutions); and 505 patients who participated in the phase 3 CENTRIC trial (3147 MRI examinations, 149 institutions). Separate training runs to rank the importance of individual sequences and (for a subset) diffusion-weighted imaging were conducted. Independent testing was performed on MRI data from the phase 2 and phase 3 EORTC-26101 trial (521 patients, 1924 MRI examinations, 32 institutions). The similarity between synthetic and true contrast enhancement on post-contrast T1-weighted MRI was quantified using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Automated tumour segmentation and volumetric tumour response assessment based on synthetic versus true post-contrast T1-weighted sequences was performed in the EORTC-26101 trial and agreement was assessed with Kaplan-Meier plots. FINDINGS The median SSIM score for predicting contrast enhancement on synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted sequences in the EORTC-26101 test set was 0·818 (95% CI 0·817-0·820). Segmentation of the contrast-enhancing tumour from synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted sequences yielded a median tumour volume of 6·31 cm3 (5·60 to 7·14), thereby underestimating the true tumour volume by a median of -0·48 cm3 (-0·37 to -0·76) with the concordance correlation coefficient suggesting a strong linear association between tumour volumes derived from synthetic versus true post-contrast T1-weighted sequences (0·782, 0·751-0·807, p<0·0001). Volumetric tumour response assessment in the EORTC-26101 trial showed a median time to progression of 4·2 months (95% CI 4·1-5·2) with synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted and 4·3 months (4·1-5·5) with true post-contrast T1-weighted sequences (p=0·33). The strength of the association between the time to progression as a surrogate endpoint for predicting the patients' overall survival in the EORTC-26101 cohort was similar when derived from synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted sequences (hazard ratio of 1·749, 95% CI 1·282-2·387, p=0·0004) and model C-index (0·667, 0·622-0·708) versus true post-contrast T1-weighted MRI (1·799, 95% CI 1·314-2·464, p=0·0003) and model C-index (0·673, 95% CI 0·626-0·711). INTERPRETATION Generating synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted MRI from pre-contrast MRI using dCNN is feasible and quantification of the contrast-enhancing tumour burden from synthetic post-contrast T1-weighted MRI allows assessment of the patient's response to treatment with no significant difference by comparison with true post-contrast T1-weighted sequences with administration of GBCAs. This finding could guide the application of dCNN in radiology to potentially reduce the necessity of GBCA administration. FUNDING Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hagen Meredig
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Brugnara
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mustafa A Mahmutoglu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Foltyn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Isensee
- Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Neurology Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irada Pflüger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marianne Schell
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Neuberger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Petersen
- Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Wick
- Neurology Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Neurological Surgery and Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Klaus H Maier-Hein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thierry Gorlia
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Vollmuth
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ellingson BM, Wen PY, Cloughesy TF. Therapeutic Response Assessment of High-Grade Gliomas During Early-Phase Drug Development in the Era of Molecular and Immunotherapies. Cancer J 2021; 27:395-403. [PMID: 34570454 PMCID: PMC8480435 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Several new therapeutic strategies have emerged over the past decades to address unmet clinical needs in high-grade gliomas, including targeted molecular agents and various forms of immunotherapy. Each of these strategies requires addressing fundamental questions, depending on the stage of drug development, including ensuring drug penetration into the brain, engagement of the drug with the desired target, biologic effects downstream from the target including metabolic and/or physiologic changes, and identifying evidence of clinical activity that could be expanded upon to increase the likelihood of a meaningful survival benefit. The current review article highlights these strategies and outlines how imaging technology can be used for therapeutic response evaluation in both targeted and immunotherapies in early phases of drug development in high-grade gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patrick Y. Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy F. Cloughesy
- UCLA Neuro Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Capozza M, Anemone A, Dhakan C, Della Peruta M, Bracesco M, Zullino S, Villano D, Terreno E, Longo DL, Aime S. GlucoCEST MRI for the Evaluation Response to Chemotherapeutic and Metabolic Treatments in a Murine Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Comparison with[ 18F]F-FDG-PET. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:126-134. [PMID: 34383241 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have usually poor outcome after chemotherapy and early prediction of therapeutic response would be helpful. [18F]F-FDG-PET/CT acquisitions are often carried out to monitor variation in metabolic activity associated with response to the therapy, despite moderate accuracy and radiation exposure limit its application. The glucoCEST technique relies on the use of unlabelled D-glucose to assess glucose uptake with conventional MRI scanners and is currently under active investigations at clinical level. This work aims at validating the potential of MRI-glucoCEST in monitoring the therapeutic responses in a TNBC tumor murine model. PROCEDURES Breast tumor (4T1)-bearing mice were treated with doxorubicin or dichloroacetate for 1 week. PET/CT with [18F]F-FDG and MRI-glucoCEST were performed at baseline and after 3 cycles of treatment. Metabolic changes measured with [18F]F-FDG-PET and glucoCEST were compared and evaluated with changes in tumor volumes. RESULTS Doxorubicin-treated mice showed a significant decrease in tumor growth when compared to the control group. GlucoCEST imaging provided metabolic response after three cycles of treatment. Conversely, no variations were detected in [18F]F-FDG uptake. Dichloroacetate-treated mice did not show any decrease either in tumor volume or in tumor metabolic activity as assessed by both glucoCEST and [18F]F-FDG-PET. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic changes during doxorubicin treatment can be predicted by glucoCEST imaging that appears more sensitive than [18F]F-FDG-PET in reporting on therapeutic response. These findings support the view that glucoCEST may be a sensitive technique for monitoring metabolic response, but future studies are needed to explore the accuracy of this approach in other tumor types and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Capozza
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Chetan Dhakan
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Melania Della Peruta
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Martina Bracesco
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Sara Zullino
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Daisy Villano
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chung JJ, Jin T. Low duty cycle pulse trains for exchange rate insensitive chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2542-2551. [PMID: 34196028 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce and validate a pulse scheme that uses low duty cycle trains of π-pulses to achieve saturation that is relatively insensitive to exchange rate yet linearly dependent on labile proton concentration. METHODS Simulations were performed to explore the exchange rate sensitivity of π-pulse trains and continuous wave chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals. Creatine phantoms with varying pH and varying concentrations were imaged to demonstrate pH insensitivity and concentration dependence of low duty cycle π-pulse saturation. RESULTS Simulations show decreasing the duty cycle of π-pulse saturation decreases peak sensitivity to exchange rate, and this range of insensitivity can be tuned to different exchange rates through average B1 power. The range of insensitivity is unaffected by changes in relaxation and magnetization transfer, while the sensitivity of CEST signal maintains linear dependence on labile proton concentration. Under B1, avg = 0.48 μT, 30 mM creatine with pHs ranging between 6.36 and 8.21 exhibited CEST contrast ranging between ~6 and 11% under continuous wave and ~4% across all pHs using 10% duty cycle π-pulses. Imaging these phantoms using duty cycles of 5, 10, 25, and 50% showed decreasing pH sensitivity with decreased duty cycle. Creatine phantoms with varied concentrations and pHs reveal that π-pulse train saturation exhibited stricter correlation to concentration at lower DCs. CONCLUSION Low DC π-pulse train is an easy-to-implement way of providing labile proton concentration-dependent CEST MRI signal that is insensitive to exchange rate. This approach can be useful in studies where a change of chemical exchange rate may interfere with accurate assessments of physiology or pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Juhyun Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, complaints of patients about burning pain in arms and legs after the injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been reported. In the current study, we investigated changes of small fibers in the epidermis as a potential cause of the patient complaints in a mouse model. METHODS Six groups of 8 mice were intravenously injected with either a macrocyclic GBCA (gadoteridol, gadoterate meglumine, gadobutrol), a linear GBCA (gadodiamide or gadobenate dimeglumine) (1 mmol/kg body weight), or saline (NaCl 0.9%). Four weeks after injection, animals were euthanized, and footpads were assessed using immunofluorescence staining. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) was calculated, and the median number of terminal axonal swellings (TASs) per IENFD was determined. RESULTS Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significantly lower IENFDs for all GBCAs compared with the control group (P < 0.0001) with the linear GBCAs showing significantly lower IENFDs than the macrocyclic GBCAs (P < 0.0001). The linear GBCAs presented significantly more TAS per IENFD than the control group (P < 0.0001), whereas no significant increase of TAS per IENFD compared with the control group was found for macrocyclic GBCAs (P < 0.237). INTERPRETATION It is unclear whether or at what dosage the decrease of IENFDs and the increase of TAS per IENFD found in the current animal model will appear in humans and if it translates into clinical symptoms. However, given the highly significant findings of the current study, more research in this field is required.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen L, Wei Z, Chan KWY, Li Y, Suchal K, Bi S, Huang J, Xu X, Wong PC, Lu H, van Zijl PCM, Li T, Xu J. D-Glucose uptake and clearance in the tauopathy Alzheimer's disease mouse brain detected by on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1013-1025. [PMID: 32669023 PMCID: PMC8054725 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20941264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) MRI to study D-glucose uptake in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tauopathy and demonstrated its feasibility in discriminating AD mice from wild-type mice. The D-glucose uptake in the cortex of AD mice (1.70 ± 1.33%) was significantly reduced compared to that of wild-type mice (5.42 ± 0.70%, p = 0.0051). Also, a slower D-glucose uptake rate was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD mice (0.08 ± 0.01 min-1) compared to their wild-type counterpart (0.56 ± 0.1 min-1, p < 0.001), which suggests the presence of an impaired glucose transporter on both blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers of these AD mice. Clearance of D-glucose was observed in the CSF of wild-type mice but not AD mice, which suggests dysfunction of the glymphatic system in the AD mice. The results in this study indicate that onVDMP MRI could be a cost-effective and widely available method for simultaneously evaluating glucose transporter and glymphatic function of AD. This study also suggests that tau protein affects the D-glucose uptake and glymphatic impairment in AD at a time point preceding neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie WY Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter CM van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Poblador Rodriguez E, Moser P, Auno S, Eckstein K, Dymerska B, van der Kouwe A, Gruber S, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Real-time motion and retrospective coil sensitivity correction for CEST using volumetric navigators (vNavs) at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:1909-1923. [PMID: 33165952 PMCID: PMC7839562 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of temporal motion-induced coil sensitivity changes on CEST-MRI at 7T and its correction using interleaved volumetric EPI navigators, which are applied for real-time motion correction. METHODS Five healthy volunteers were scanned via CEST. A 4-fold correction pipeline allowed the mitigation of (1) motion, (2) motion-induced coil sensitivity variations, ΔB1- , (3) motion-induced static magnetic field inhomogeneities, ΔB0 , and (4) spatially varying transmit RF field fluctuations, ΔB1+ . Four CEST measurements were performed per session. For the first 2, motion correction was turned OFF and then ON in absence of voluntary motion, whereas in the other 2 controlled head rotations were performed. During post-processing ΔB1- was removed additionally for the motion-corrected cases, resulting in a total of 6 scenarios to be compared. In all cases, retrospective ∆B0 and - ΔB1+ corrections were performed to compute artifact-free magnetization transfer ratio maps with asymmetric analysis (MTRasym ). RESULTS Dynamic ΔB1- correction successfully mitigated signal deviations caused by head motion. In 2 frontal lobe regions of volunteer 4, induced relative signal errors of 10.9% and 3.9% were reduced to 1.1% and 1.0% after correction. In the right frontal lobe, the motion-corrected MTRasym contrast deviated 0.92%, 1.21%, and 2.97% relative to the static case for Δω = 1, 2, 3 ± 0.25 ppm. The additional application of ΔB1- correction reduced these deviations to 0.10%, 0.14%, and 0.42%. The fully corrected MTRasym values were highly consistent between measurements with and without intended head rotations. CONCLUSION Temporal ΔB1- cause significant CEST quantification bias. The presented correction pipeline including the proposed retrospective ΔB1- correction significantly reduced motion-related artifacts on CEST-MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esau Poblador Rodriguez
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Moser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sami Auno
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Korbinian Eckstein
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Dymerska
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
von Knebel Doeberitz N, Maksimovic S, Loi L, Paech D. [Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) : Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnostic oncology]. Radiologe 2021; 61:43-51. [PMID: 33337509 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast generation by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a recently emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research field with high clinical potential. METHODS This review covers the methodological principles and summarizes the clinical experience of CEST imaging studies in diagnostic oncology performed to date. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION CEST enables the detection of lowly concentrated metabolites, such as peptides and glucose, through selective saturation of metabolite-bound protons and subsequent magnetization transfer to free water. This technology yields additional information about metabolic activity and the tissue microenvironment without the need for conventional contrast agents or radioactive tracers. Various studies, mainly conducted in patients with neuro-oncolgic diseases, suggest that this technology may aid to assess tumor malignancy as well as therapeutic response prior to and in the first follow-up after intervention. KEY POINTS CEST-MRI enables the indirect detection of metabolites without radioactive tracers or contrast agents. Clinical experience exists especially in the setting of neuro-oncologic imaging. In oncologic imaging, CEST-MRI may improve assessment of prognosis and therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N von Knebel Doeberitz
- Abteilung Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - S Maksimovic
- Abteilung Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - L Loi
- Abteilung Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - D Paech
- Abteilung Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu Y, Liu Y, Ying L, Qiu Z, Liu Q, Jia S, Wang H, Peng X, Liu X, Zheng H, Liang D. A 4-minute solution for submillimeter whole-brain T 1ρ quantification. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:3299-3307. [PMID: 33421224 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a robust, accurate, and accelerated T1ρ quantification solution for submillimeter in vivo whole-brain imaging. METHODS A multislice T1ρ mapping solution (MS-T1ρ ) was developed based on a two-acquisition scheme using turbo spin echo with RF cycling to allow for whole-brain coverage with 0.8-mm in-plane resolution. A compressed sensing-based fast imaging method, SCOPE, was used to accelerate the MS-T1ρ acquisition time to a total scan time of 3 minutes 31 seconds. A phantom experiment was conducted to assess the accuracy of MS-T1ρ by comparing the T1ρ value obtained using MS-T1ρ with the reference value obtained using the standard single-slice T1ρ mapping method. In vivo scans of 13 volunteers were acquired prospectively to validate the robustness of MS-T1ρ . RESULTS In the phantom study, the T1ρ values obtained with MS-T1ρ were in good agreement with the reference T1ρ values (R2 = 0.9991) and showed high consistency throughout all slices (coefficient of variation = 2.2 ± 2.43%). In the in vivo experiments, T1ρ maps were successfully acquired for all volunteers with no visually noticeable artifacts. There was no significant difference in T1ρ values between MS-T1ρ acquisitions and fully sampled acquisitions for all brain tissues (p-value > .05). In the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses, the accelerated T1ρ measurements show moderate to good agreement to the fully sampled reference values. CONCLUSION The proposed MS-T1ρ solution allows for high-resolution whole-brain T1ρ mapping within 4 minutes and may provide a potential tool for investigating neural diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Leslie Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Zhilang Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qiegen Liu
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Sen Jia
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Farrell C, Shi W, Bodman A, Olson JJ. Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of emerging developments in the management of newly diagnosed glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:269-359. [PMID: 33215345 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TARGET POPULATION These recommendations apply to adult patients with newly diagnosed or suspected glioblastoma. IMAGING Question What imaging modalities are in development that may be able to provide improvements in diagnosis, and therapeutic guidance for individuals with newly diagnosed glioblastoma? RECOMMENDATION Level III: It is suggested that techniques utilizing magnetic resonance imaging for diffusion weighted imaging, and to measure cerebral blood and magnetic spectroscopic resonance imaging of N-acetyl aspartate, choline and the choline to N-acetyl aspartate index to assist in diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with newly diagnosed or suspected glioblastoma. SURGERY Question What new surgical techniques can be used to provide improved tumor definition and resectability to yield better tumor control and prognosis for individuals with newly diagnosed glioblastoma? RECOMMENDATIONS Level II: The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid is recommended to improve extent of tumor resection in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Level II: The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid is recommended to improve median survival and 2 year survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients with clinical characteristics suggesting poor prognosis. Level III: It is suggested that, when available, patients be enrolled in properly designed clinical trials assessing the value of diffusion tensor imaging in improving the safety of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergoing surgery. NEUROPATHOLOGY Question What new pathology techniques and measurement of biomarkers in tumor tissue can be used to provide improved diagnostic ability, and determination of therapeutic responsiveness and prognosis for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas? RECOMMENDATIONS Level II: Assessment of tumor MGMT promoter methylation status is recommended as a significant predictor of a longer progression free survival and overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed with glioblastoma. Level II: Measurement of tumor expression of neuron-glia-2, neurofilament protein, glutamine synthetase and phosphorylated STAT3 is recommended as a predictor of overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed with glioblastoma. Level III: Assessment of tumor IDH1 mutation status is suggested as a predictor of longer progression free survival and overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed with glioblastoma. Level III: Evaluation of tumor expression of Phosphorylated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase protein, EGFR protein, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 is suggested as a predictor of overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed with glioblastoma. RADIATION Question What radiation therapy techniques are in development that may be used to provide improved tumor control and prognosis for individuals with newly diagnosed glioblastomas? RECOMMENDATIONS Level III: It is suggested that patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergo pretreatment radio-labeled amino acid tracer positron emission tomography to assess areas at risk for tumor recurrence to assist in radiation treatment planning. Level III: It is suggested that, when available, patients be with newly diagnosed glioblastomas be enrolled in properly designed clinical trials of radiation dose escalation, altered fractionation, or new radiation delivery techniques. CHEMOTHERAPY Question What emerging chemotherapeutic agents or techniques are available to provide better tumor control and prognosis for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas? RECOMMENDATION Level III: As no emerging chemotherapeutic agents or techniques were identified in this review that improved tumor control and prognosis it is suggested that, when available, patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas be enrolled in properly designed clinical trials of chemotherapy. MOLECULAR AND TARGETED THERAPY Question What new targeted therapy agents are available to provide better tumor control and prognosis for individuals with newly diagnosed glioblastomas? RECOMMENDATION Level III: As no new molecular and targeted therapies have clearly provided better tumor control and prognosis it is suggested that, when available, patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas be enrolled in properly designed clinical trials of molecular and targeted therapies IMMUNOTHERAPY: Question What emerging immunotherapeutic agents or techniques are available to provide better tumor control and prognosis for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas? RECOMMENDATION Level III: As no immunotherapeutic agents have clearly provided better tumor control and prognosis it is suggested that, when available, patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas be enrolled in properly designed clinical trials of immunologically-based therapies. NOVEL THERAPIES Question What novel therapies or techniques are in development to provide better tumor control and prognosis for individuals with newly diagnosed glioblastomas? RECOMMENDATIONS Level II: The use of tumor-treating fields is recommended for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who have undergone surgical debulking and completed concurrent chemoradiation without progression of disease at the time of tumor-treating field therapy initiation. Level II: It is suggested that, when available, enrollment in properly designed studies of vector containing herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene and prodrug therapies be considered in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenyin Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Conventional medical imaging techniques use contrast agents that are chemically labeled, for example, iodine in the case of computed tomography, radioisotopes in the case of PET, or gadolinium in the case of MR imaging to create or enhance signal contrast and to visualize tissue compartments and features. Dynamic glucose-enhanced MR imaging represents a novel technique that uses natural, unlabeled d-glucose as a nontoxic biodegradable contrast agent in chemical exchange-sensitive MR imaging approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu X, Sehgal AA, Yadav NN, Laterra J, Blair L, Blakeley J, Seidemo A, Coughlin JM, Pomper MG, Knutsson L, van Zijl PCM. d-glucose weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST)-based dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI at 3T: early experience in healthy volunteers and brain tumor patients. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:247-262. [PMID: 31872916 PMCID: PMC7083699 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI has shown potential for imaging glucose delivery and blood-brain barrier permeability at fields of 7T and higher. Here, we evaluated issues involved with translating d-glucose weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) experiments to the clinical field strength of 3T. METHODS Exchange rates of the different hydroxyl proton pools and the field-dependent T2 relaxivity of water in d-glucose solution were used to simulate the water saturation spectra (Z-spectra) and DGE signal differences as a function of static field strength B0 , radiofrequency field strength B1 , and saturation time tsat . Multislice DGE experiments were performed at 3T on 5 healthy volunteers and 3 glioma patients. RESULTS Simulations showed that DGE signal decreases with B0 , because of decreased contributions of glucoCEST and transverse relaxivity, as well as coalescence of the hydroxyl and water proton signals in the Z-spectrum. At 3T, because of this coalescence and increased interference of direct water saturation and magnetization transfer contrast, the DGE effect can be assessed over a broad range of saturation frequencies. Multislice DGE experiments were performed in vivo using a B1 of 1.6 µT and a tsat of 1 second, leading to a small glucoCEST DGE effect at an offset frequency of 2 ppm from the water resonance. Motion correction was essential to detect DGE effects reliably. CONCLUSION Multislice glucoCEST-based DGE experiments can be performed at 3T with sufficient temporal resolution. However, the effects are small and prone to motion influence. Therefore, motion correction should be used when performing DGE experiments at clinical field strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akansha Ashvani Sehgal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirbhay N. Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Blair
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaishri Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gupta A, Caravan P, Price WS, Platas-Iglesias C, Gale EM. Applications for Transition-Metal Chemistry in Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6648-6678. [PMID: 32367714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for diagnostic medicine. However, safety concerns related to gadolinium in commercial MRI contrast agents have emerged in recent years. For patients suffering from severe renal impairment, there is an important unmet medical need to perform contrast-enhanced MRI without gadolinium. There are also concerns over the long-term effects of retained gadolinium within the general patient population. Demand for gadolinium-free MRI contrast agents is driving a new wave of inorganic chemistry innovation as researchers explore paramagnetic transition-metal complexes as potential alternatives. Furthermore, advances in personalized care making use of molecular-level information have motivated inorganic chemists to develop MRI contrast agents that can detect pathologic changes at the molecular level. Recent studies have highlighted how reaction-based modulation of transition-metal paramagnetism offers a highly effective mechanism to achieve MRI contrast enhancement that is specific to biochemical processes. This Viewpoint highlights how recent advances in transition-metal chemistry are leading the way for a new generation of MRI contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | | | - William S Price
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Galicia 15071, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Huang J, van Zijl PCM, Han X, Dong CM, Cheng GWY, Tse KH, Knutsson L, Chen L, Lai JHC, Wu EX, Xu J, Chan KWY. Altered d-glucose in brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid of early Alzheimer's disease detected by dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba3884. [PMID: 32426510 PMCID: PMC7220384 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Altered cerebral glucose uptake is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach was developed to simultaneously monitor d-glucose uptake and clearance in both brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We observed substantially higher uptake in parenchyma of young (6 months) transgenic AD mice compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Notably lower uptakes were observed in parenchyma and CSF of old (16 months) AD mice. Both young and old AD mice had an obviously slower CSF clearance than age-matched WT mice. This resembles recent reports of the hampered CSF clearance that leads to protein accumulation in the brain. These findings suggest that DGE MRI can identify altered glucose uptake and clearance in young AD mice upon the emergence of amyloid plaques. DGE MRI of brain parenchyma and CSF has potential for early AD stratification, especially at 3T clinical field strength MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiongqi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Celia M. Dong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gerald W. Y. Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Hei Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lin Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph H. C. Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ed X. Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.W.Y.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. (K.W.Y.C.); (J.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have become an integral part in daily clinical decision making in the last 3 decades. However, there is a broad consensus that GBCAs should be exclusively used if no contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is available to reduce the amount of applied GBCAs in patients. In the current study, we investigate the possibility of predicting contrast enhancement from noncontrast multiparametric brain MRI scans using a deep-learning (DL) architecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Bayesian DL architecture for the prediction of virtual contrast enhancement was developed using 10-channel multiparametric MRI data acquired before GBCA application. The model was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated on 116 data sets from glioma patients and healthy subjects by comparing the virtual contrast enhancement maps to the ground truth contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. Subjects were split in 3 different groups: enhancing tumors (n = 47), nonenhancing tumors (n = 39), and patients without pathologic changes (n = 30). The tumor regions were segmented for a detailed analysis of subregions. The influence of the different MRI sequences was determined. RESULTS Quantitative results of the virtual contrast enhancement yielded a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 91.2%. T2-weighted imaging, followed by diffusion-weighted imaging, was the most influential sequence for the prediction of virtual contrast enhancement. Analysis of the whole brain showed a mean area under the curve of 0.969 ± 0.019, a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 22.967 ± 1.162 dB, and a structural similarity index of 0.872 ± 0.031. Enhancing and nonenhancing tumor subregions performed worse (except for the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the nonenhancing tumors). The qualitative evaluation by 2 raters using a 4-point Likert scale showed good to excellent (3-4) results for 91.5% of the enhancing and 92.3% of the nonenhancing gliomas. However, despite the good scores and ratings, there were visual deviations between the virtual contrast maps and the ground truth, including a more blurry, less nodular-like ring enhancement, few low-contrast false-positive enhancements of nonenhancing gliomas, and a tendency to omit smaller vessels. These "features" were also exploited by 2 trained radiologists when performing a Turing test, allowing them to discriminate between real and virtual contrast-enhanced images in 80% and 90% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The introduced model for virtual gadolinium enhancement demonstrates a very good quantitative and qualitative performance. Future systematic studies in larger patient collectives with varying neurological disorders need to evaluate if the introduced virtual contrast enhancement might reduce GBCA exposure in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
35
|
Consolino L, Anemone A, Capozza M, Carella A, Irrera P, Corrado A, Dhakan C, Bracesco M, Longo DL. Non-invasive Investigation of Tumor Metabolism and Acidosis by MRI-CEST Imaging. Front Oncol 2020; 10:161. [PMID: 32133295 PMCID: PMC7040491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is considered a core hallmark of cancer. By monitoring in vivo metabolites changes or characterizing the tumor microenvironment, non-invasive imaging approaches play a fundamental role in elucidating several aspects of tumor biology. Within the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality, the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) approach has emerged as a new technique that provides high spatial resolution and sensitivity for in vivo imaging of tumor metabolism and acidosis. This mini-review describes CEST-based methods to non-invasively investigate tumor metabolism and important metabolites involved, such as glucose and lactate, as well as measurement of tumor acidosis. Approaches that have been exploited to assess response to anticancer therapies will also be reported for each specific technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Consolino
- Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Annasofia Anemone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Capozza
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Carella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Irrera
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Corrado
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Chetan Dhakan
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Turin, Italy.,University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Bracesco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly applied in the clinic with a fast growing body of evidence regarding its value for clinical decision making. In contrast to biochemical or histological markers, the key advantages of imaging biomarkers are the non-invasive nature and the spatial and temporal resolution of these approaches. The following chapter focuses on clinical applications of novel MR biomarkers in humans with a strong focus on oncologic diseases. These include both clinically established biomarkers (part 1-4) and novel MRI techniques that recently demonstrated high potential for clinical utility (part 5-7).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Boyd PS, Breitling J, Zimmermann F, Korzowski A, Zaiss M, Schuenke P, Weinfurtner N, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Paech D, Goerke S. Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI in the human brain at 7 T with reduced motion-induced artifacts based on quantitative R 1ρ mapping. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:182-191. [PMID: 31788870 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE)-MRI based on chemical exchange-sensitive MRI, that is, glucoCEST and gluco-chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock (glucoCESL), is intrinsically prone to motion-induced artifacts because the final DGE contrast relies on the difference of images, which were acquired with a time gap of several mins. In this study, identification of different types of motion-induced artifacts led to the development of a 3D acquisition protocol for DGE examinations in the human brain at 7 T with improved robustness in the presence of subject motion. METHODS DGE-MRI was realized by the chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock approach based either on relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R1ρ )-weighted or quantitative R1ρ imaging. A 3D image readout was implemented at 7 T, enabling retrospective volumetric coregistration of the image series and quantification of subject motion. An examination of a healthy volunteer without administration of glucose allowed for the identification of isolated motion-induced artifacts. RESULTS Even after coregistration, significant motion-induced artifacts remained in the DGE contrast based on R1ρ -weighted images. This is due to the spatially varying sensitivity of the coil and was found to be compensated by a quantitative R1ρ approach. The coregistered quantitative approach allowed the observation of a clear increase of the DGE contrast in a patient with glioblastoma, which did not correlate with subject motion. CONCLUSION The presented 3D acquisition protocol enables DGE-MRI examinations in the human brain with improved robustness against motion-induced artifacts. Correction of motion-induced artifacts is of high importance for DGE-MRI in clinical studies where an unambiguous assignment of contrast changes due to an actual change in local glucose concentration is a prerequisite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weinfurtner
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu Y, Liu Y, Ying L, Liu X, Zheng H, Liang D. Bio-SCOPE: fast biexponential T 1ρ mapping of the brain using signal-compensated low-rank plus sparse matrix decomposition. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:2092-2106. [PMID: 31762102 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a fast imaging method based on signal-compensated low-rank plus sparse matrix decomposition to accelerate data acquisition for biexponential brain T1ρ mapping (Bio-SCOPE). METHODS Two novel strategies were proposed to improve reconstruction performance. A variable-rate undersampling scheme was used with a varied acceleration factor for each k-space along the spin-lock time direction, and a modified nonlinear thresholding scheme combined with a feature descriptor was used for Bio-SCOPE reconstruction. In vivo brain T1ρ mappings were acquired from 4 volunteers. The fully sampled k-space data acquired from 3 volunteers were retrospectively undersampled by net acceleration rates (R) of 4.6 and 6.1. Reference values were obtained from the fully sampled data. The agreement between the accelerated T1ρ measurements and reference values was assessed with Bland-Altman analyses. Prospectively undersampled data with R = 4.6 and R = 6.1 were acquired from 1 volunteer. RESULTS T1ρ -weighted images were successfully reconstructed using Bio-SCOPE for R = 4.6 and 6.1 with signal-to-noise ratio variations <1 dB and normalized root mean square errors <4%. Accelerated and reference T1ρ measurements were in good agreement for R = 4.6 (T1ρ s : 18.6651 ± 1.7786 ms; T1ρ l : 88.9603 ± 1.7331 ms) and R = 6.1 (T1ρ s : 17.8403 ± 3.3302 ms; T1ρ l : 88.0275 ± 4.9606 ms) in the Bland-Altman analyses. T1ρ parameter maps from prospectively undersampled data also show reasonable image quality using the Bio-SCOPE method. CONCLUSION Bio-SCOPE achieves a high net acceleration rate for biexponential T1ρ mapping and improves reconstruction quality by using a variable-rate undersampling data acquisition scheme and a modified soft-thresholding algorithm in image reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leslie Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dou W, Lin CYE, Ding H, Shen Y, Dou C, Qian L, Wen B, Wu B. Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging and its main and potential applications in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1747-1766. [PMID: 31728316 PMCID: PMC6828581 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a novel contrast mechanism, relying on the exchange between mobile protons in amide (-NH), amine (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups and bulk water. Due to the targeted protons present in endogenous molecules or exogenous compounds applied externally, CEST imaging can respectively, generate endogenous or exogenous contrast. Nowadays, CEST imaging for endogenous contrast has been explored in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Amide CEST, also called amide proton transfer weighted (APT) imaging, generates CEST effect at 3.5 ppm away from the water signal and has been widely investigated. Given the sensitivity to amide proton concentration and pH level, APT imaging has shown robust performance in the assessment of ischemia, brain tumors, breast and prostate cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. With advanced methods proposed, pure APT and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) mediated CEST effects were separately fitted from original APT signal. Using both effects, early but promising results were obtained for glioma patients in the evaluation of tumor response to therapy and patient survival. Compared to amide CEST, amine CEST is also mobile proton concentration and pH dependent, but has a faster exchange rate between amine protons and water. The resultant CEST effect is usually introduced at 1.8-3 ppm. Glutamate and creatine, as two main metabolites with amine groups for CEST imaging, have been applied to quantitatively assess diseases in the central nervous system and muscle system, respectively. Glycosaminoglycan (Gag) as a representative metabolite with hydroxyl groups has also been measured to evaluate the cartilage of knee or intervertebral discs in CEST MRI. Due to limited frequency difference between hydroxyl protons and water, 7T for better spectral separation is preferred over 3T for GagCEST measurement. The applications of CEST MRI with exogenous contrast agents are still quite limited in clinic. While certain diamagnetic CEST agents, such as dynamic-glucose, have been tried in human for brain tumor or neck cancer assessment, most exogenous agents, i.e., paramagnetic CEST agents, are still tested in the pre-clinical stage, mainly due to potential toxicity. Engineered tissues for tissue regeneration and drug delivery have also shown a great potential in CEST imaging, as many of them, such as hydrogel and polyamide materials, contain mobile protons or can be incorporated with CEST specific chemical compounds. These engineered tissues can thus generate CEST effect in vivo, allowing a possibility to understand the fate of them in vivo longitudinally. Although the CEST MRI with engineered tissues has only been established in early stage, the obtained first evidence is crucial for further optimizing these biomaterials and finally accomplishing the translation into clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Dou
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | | | - Hongyuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Shen
- MR Enhanced Application, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Carol Dou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bing Wu
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim M, Torrealdea F, Adeleke S, Rega M, Evans V, Beeston T, Soteriou K, Thust S, Kujawa A, Okuchi S, Isaac E, Piga W, Lambert JR, Afaq A, Demetriou E, Choudhary P, Cheung KK, Naik S, Atkinson D, Punwani S, Golay X. Challenges in glucoCEST MR body imaging at 3 Tesla. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1628-1640. [PMID: 31728307 PMCID: PMC6828585 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to translate dynamic glucose enhancement (DGE) body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) signal to a 3 T clinical field strength. METHODS An infusion protocol for intravenous (i.v.) glucose was optimised using a hyperglycaemic clamp to maximise the chances of detecting exchange-sensitive MRI signal. Numerical simulations were performed to define the optimum parameters for glucoCEST measurements with consideration to physiological conditions. DGE images were acquired for patients with lymphomas and prostate cancer injected i.v. with 20% glucose. RESULTS The optimised hyperglycaemic clamp infusion based on the DeFronzo method demonstrated higher efficiency and stability of glucose delivery as compared to manual determination of glucose infusion rates. DGE signal sensitivity was found to be dependent on T2, B1 saturation power and integration range. Our results show that motion correction and B0 field inhomogeneity correction are crucial to avoid mistaking signal changes for a glucose response while field drift is a substantial contributor. However, after B0 field drift correction, no significant glucoCEST signal enhancement was observed in tumour regions of all patients in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Based on our simulated and experimental results, we conclude that glucose-related signal remains elusive at 3 T in body regions, where physiological movements and strong effects of B1 + and B0 render the originally small glucoCEST signal difficult to detect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Francisco Torrealdea
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Marilena Rega
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie Thust
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Aaron Kujawa
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Sachi Okuchi
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Asim Afaq
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleni Demetriou
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarita Naik
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Xavier Golay
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zaiss M, Anemone A, Goerke S, Longo DL, Herz K, Pohmann R, Aime S, Rivlin M, Navon G, Golay X, Scheffler K. Quantification of hydroxyl exchange of D-Glucose at physiological conditions for optimization of glucoCEST MRI at 3, 7 and 9.4 Tesla. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4113. [PMID: 31313865 PMCID: PMC6771698 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine individual glucose hydroxyl exchange rates at physiological conditions and use this information for numerical optimization of glucoCEST/CESL preparation. To give guidelines for in vivo glucoCEST/CESL measurement parameters at clinical and ultra-high field strengths. METHODS Five glucose solution samples at different pH values were measured at 14.1 T at various B1 power levels. Multi-B1 -Z-spectra Bloch-McConnell fits at physiological pH were further improved by the fitting of Z-spectra of five pH values simultaneously. The obtained exchange rates were used in a six-pool Bloch-McConnell simulation including a tissue-like water pool and semi-solid MT pool with different CEST and CESL presaturation pulse trains. In vivo glucose injection experiments were performed in a tumor mouse model at 7 T. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Glucose Z-spectra could be fitted with four exchanging pools at 0.66, 1.28, 2.08 and 2.88 ppm. Corresponding hydroxyl exchange rates could be determined at pH = 7.2, T = 37°C and 1X PBS. Simulation of saturation transfer for this glucose system in a gray matter-like and a tumor-like system revealed optimal pulses at different field strengths of 9.4, 7 and 3 T. Different existing sequences and approaches are simulated and discussed. The optima found could be experimentally verified in an animal model at 7 T. CONCLUSION For the determined fast exchange regime, presaturation pulses in the spin-lock regime (long recover time, short yet strong saturation) were found to be optimal. This study gives an estimation for optimization of the glucoCEST signal in vivo on the basis of glucose exchange rate at physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Zaiss
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
| | - Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TorinoItaly
| | - Kai Herz
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | | | - Gil Navon
- School of ChemistyTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Xavier Golay
- Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic ResonanceEberhard‐Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Knowles BR, Friedrich F, Fischer C, Paech D, Ladd ME. Beyond T2 and 3T: New MRI techniques for clinicians. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 18:87-97. [PMID: 31341982 PMCID: PMC6630188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in terms of field strength and hybrid MR systems have led to improvements in tumor imaging in terms of anatomy and functionality. This review paper discusses the applications of such advances in the field of radiation oncology with regards to treatment planning, therapy guidance and monitoring tumor response and predicting outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Knowles
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Friedrich
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carola Fischer
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Herz K, Lindig T, Deshmane A, Schittenhelm J, Skardelly M, Bender B, Ernemann U, Scheffler K, Zaiss M. T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGEρ) MRI at 3 T: method development and early clinical experience in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1832-1847. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Herz
- Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
- IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Marco Skardelly
- Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Ulrike Ernemann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Goerke S, Soehngen Y, Deshmane A, Zaiss M, Breitling J, Boyd PS, Herz K, Zimmermann F, Klika KD, Schlemmer H, Paech D, Ladd ME, Bachert P. Relaxation‐compensated APT and rNOE CEST‐MRI of human brain tumors at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:622-632. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yannick Soehngen
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Germany
| | - Philip S. Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Heinz‐Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Meissner J, Korzowski A, Regnery S, Goerke S, Breitling J, Floca RO, Debus J, Schlemmer H, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Adeberg S, Paech D. Early response assessment of glioma patients to definitive chemoradiotherapy using chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging at 7 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1268-1277. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- MPI for Nuclear PhysicsMax‐Planck‐Society Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ralf Omar Floca
- Division of Medical Image ComputingGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu X, Xu J, Knutsson L, Liu J, Liu H, Li Y, Lal B, Laterra J, Artemov D, Liu G, van Zijl PCM, Chan KWY. The effect of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on glucoCEST signal in a preclinical model of glioblastoma. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3798-3807. [PMID: 30793789 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mammalian target of rapamycin is an enzyme that regulates cell metabolism and proliferation. It is up-regulated in aggressive tumors, such as glioblastoma, leading to increased glucose uptake and consumption. It has been suggested that glucose CEST signals reflect the delivery and tumor uptake of glucose. The inhibitor rapamycin (sirolimus) has been applied as a glucose deprivation treatment; thus, glucose CEST MRI could potentially be useful for monitoring the tumor responses to inhibitor treatment. METHODS A human U87-EGFRvIII xenograft model in mice was studied. The mice were treated with a mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin. The effect of the treatment was evaluated in vivo with dynamic glucose CEST MRI. RESULTS Rapamycin treatment led to significant increases (P < 0.001) in dynamic glucose-enhanced signal in both the tumor and contralateral brain as compared to the no-treatment group, namely a maximum enhancement of 3.7% ± 2.3% (tumor, treatment) versus 1.9% ± 0.4% (tumor, no-treatment), 1.7% ± 1.1% (contralateral, treatment), and 1.0% ± 0.4% (contralateral, no treatment). Dynamic glucose-enhanced contrast remained consistently higher in treatment versus no-treatment groups for the duration of the experiment (17 min). This was confirmed with area-under-curve analysis. CONCLUSION Increased glucose CEST signal was found after mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibition treatment, indicating potential for dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI to study tumor response to glucose deprivation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,FM Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,FM Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanling Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Panyu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,FM Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bachchu Lal
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,JHU In Vivo Cellular Molecular Imaging Center, Johns Hopkins University Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,FM Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,FM Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wahsner J, Gale EM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Caravan P. Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers. Chem Rev 2019; 119:957-1057. [PMID: 30350585 PMCID: PMC6516866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tens of millions of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic accuracy, are almost exclusively small, hydrophilic gadolinium(III) based chelates. In recent years concerns have arisen surrounding the long-term safety of these compounds, and this has spurred research into alternatives. There has also been a push to develop new molecularly targeted contrast agents or agents that can sense pathological changes in the local environment. This comprehensive review describes the state of the art of clinically approved contrast agents, their mechanism of action, and factors influencing their safety. From there we describe different mechanisms of generating MR image contrast such as relaxation, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and direct detection and the types of molecules that are effective for these purposes. Next we describe efforts to make safer contrast agents either by increasing relaxivity, increasing resistance to metal ion release, or by moving to gadolinium(III)-free alternatives. Finally we survey approaches to make contrast agents more specific for pathology either by direct biochemical targeting or by the design of responsive or activatable contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wahsner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zaiss M, Herz K, Deshmane A, Kim M, Golay X, Lindig T, Bender B, Ernemann U, Scheffler K. Possible artifacts in dynamic CEST MRI due to motion and field alterations. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 298:16-22. [PMID: 30500568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic CEST studies such as dynamic glucose enhanced imaging, have gained a lot of attention recently. The expected CEST effects after injection are rather small in tissue especially at clinical field strengths (0.5-2%). Small movements during the dynamic CEST measurement together with a subtraction-based evaluation can lead to pseudo CEST effects of the same order of magnitude. These artifacts are studied herein. METHODS A brain tumor patient 3D-CEST baseline scan without glucose injection performed at 3 T is used to generate a virtual dynamic measurement introducing different kinds of simulated motion and B0 shifts. RESULTS Minor motion (0.6 mm translations) and B0 artifacts (7 Hz shift) can lead to pseudo effects in the order of 1% in dynamic CEST imaging. Especially around tissue interfaces such as CSF borders or tumor affected areas, the pseudo effect patterns are non-intuitive and can be mistaken as dynamic agent uptake. CONCLUSION Correction or mitigation for small motions is crucial for dynamic CEST imaging, especially in subjects with lesions. Concomitant B0 alterations can as well induce pseudo CEST effects at 3 T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Zaiss
- High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Kai Herz
- High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mina Kim
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Golay
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ernemann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M. Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 109:1-50. [PMID: 30527132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Knutsson L, Seidemo A, Rydhög Scherman A, Markenroth Bloch K, Kalyani RR, Andersen M, Sundgren PC, Wirestam R, Helms G, van Zijl PCM, Xu X. Arterial Input Functions and Tissue Response Curves in Dynamic Glucose-Enhanced (DGE) Imaging: Comparison Between glucoCEST and Blood Glucose Sampling in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:164-171. [PMID: 30588502 PMCID: PMC6299743 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2018.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) imaging uses chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging to retrieve information about the microcirculation using infusion of a natural sugar (D-glucose). However, this new approach is not yet well understood with respect to the dynamic tissue response. DGE time curves for arteries, normal brain tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed in healthy volunteers and compared with the time dependence of sampled venous plasma blood glucose levels. The arterial response curves (arterial input function [AIF]) compared reasonably well in shape with the time curves of the sampled glucose levels but could also differ substantially. The brain tissue response curves showed mainly negative responses with a peak intensity that was of the order of 10 times smaller than the AIF peak and a shape that was susceptible to both noise and partial volume effects with CSF, attributed to the low contrast-to-noise ratio. The CSF response curves showed a rather large and steady increase of the glucose uptake during the scan, due to the rapid uptake of D-glucose in CSF. Importantly, and contrary to gadolinium studies, the curves differed substantially among volunteers, which was interpreted to be caused by variations in insulin response. In conclusion, while AIFs and tissue response curves can be measured in DGE experiments, partial volume effects, low concentration of D-glucose in tissue, and osmolality effects between tissue and blood may prohibit quantification of normal tissue perfusion parameters. However, separation of tumor responses from normal tissue responses would most likely be feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Rita R Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|