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Shatat AAS, Mahgoup EM, Rashed MH, Saleh IG, Akool ES. Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2. [PMID: 38801618 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz S Shatat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim G Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ma X, Han X, Wang W, Zhang Q, Tang H. β-Catenin regulates ovarian granulosa cell cycle and proliferation in laying hens by interacting with TCF4. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103377. [PMID: 38301496 PMCID: PMC10846404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicle development depends on the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and is a complex biological process. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can regulate ovarian follicle development, and β-catenin, encoded by catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), is the core component of this pathway. Although several studies of the mechanisms by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates cell proliferation in humans and mammals have reported, it remains unclear how β-catenin functions in poultry. To investigate the function of β-catenin in laying hens' follicle development, we evaluated the effect of CTNNB1 on cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from laying hens. We demonstrated that CTNNB1 significantly affected the expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), key genes related to cell cycle and proliferation, to promote cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, and thus accelerate granulosa cell proliferation. CTNNB1 did not however affect apoptosis or the expression of related genes baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) and BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2). Overexpression of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF4) resulted in increased expression of CCND1, accelerated cell cycle progression, and granulosa cell proliferation. Direct physical interaction between β-catenin and TCF4 was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation. The proliferation of granulosa cells was inhibited by silencing CCND1; overexpression of TCF4 in CCND1-silenced cells restored their proliferation rate to normal levels. These results indicate that the interaction of TCF4 and β-catenin promotes CCND1 expression which in turn accelerates the cell cycle process of laying hen hierarchical follicular granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Zhang WJ, Zhang LP, Lin SJ, Wang CY, Le YG. P2 purinergic receptors regulate the progression of colorectal cancer. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09983-6. [PMID: 38153612 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more studies have revealed that P2 purinergic receptors play a key role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors can be used as promoters and regulators of CRC and play a dual role in the progression of CRC. CRC microenvironment is rich in ATP and its cleavage products (ADP, AMP, Ado), which act as activators of P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors. The activation of P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors regulates the progression of CRC mainly by regulating the function of immune cells and mediating different signal pathways. In this paper, we focus on the specific mechanisms and functional roles of P2X7, P2Y12, and P2Y2 receptors in the growth and progression of CRC. The antagonistic effects of these selective antagonists of P2X purinergic receptors on the growth, invasion, and metastasis of CRC were further discussed. Moreover, different studies have reported that P2X7 receptor can be used as an effective predictor of patients with CRC. All these indicate that P2 purinergic receptors are a key regulator of CRC. Therefore, antagonizing P2 purinergic receptors may be an innovative treatment for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Peng Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Si-Jian Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Guan Le
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Zhang HL, Sandai D, Zhang ZW, Song ZJ, Babu D, Tabana Y, Dahham SS, Adam Ahmed Adam M, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang HL, Zhao R, Barakat K, Harun MSR, Shapudin SNM, Lok B. Adenosine triphosphate induced cell death: Mechanisms and implications in cancer biology and therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:549-569. [PMID: 38179405 PMCID: PMC10762532 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced cell death (AICD) is a critical cellular process that has garnered substantial scientific interest for its profound relevance to cancer biology and to therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review unveils the intricate web of AICD mechanisms and their intricate connections with cancer biology. This review offers a comprehensive framework for comprehending the multifaceted role of AICD in the context of cancer. This is achieved by elucidating the dynamic interplay between systemic and cellular ATP homeostasis, deciphering the intricate mechanisms governing AICD, elucidating its intricate involvement in cancer signaling pathways, and scrutinizing validated key genes. Moreover, the exploration of AICD as a potential avenue for cancer treatment underscores its essential role in shaping the future landscape of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Zhong-Wen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sabbar Saad Dahham
- Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Rustaq, Rustaq 10 P.C. 329, Oman
| | - Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Pathology Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Rui Zhao
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Syamsul Reza Harun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurfatimah Mohd Shapudin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Bronwyn Lok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
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5
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Gajbhiye KR, Salve R, Narwade M, Sheikh A, Kesharwani P, Gajbhiye V. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a custom-tailored next-generation approach for cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:160. [PMID: 37784179 PMCID: PMC10546754 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based polymeric nanoparticles are the highly popular carrier systems for cancer drug therapy. But presently, detailed investigations have revealed their flaws as drug delivery carriers. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are advanced core-shell nanoconstructs with a polymeric core region enclosed by a lipidic layer, presumed to be derived from both liposomes and polymeric nanounits. This unique concept is of utmost importance as a combinable drug delivery platform in oncology due to its dual structured character. To add advantage and restrict one's limitation by other, LPHNPs have been designed so to gain number of advantages such as stability, high loading of cargo, increased biocompatibility, rate-limiting controlled release, and elevated drug half-lives as well as therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing their drawbacks. The outer shell, in particular, can be functionalized in a variety of ways with stimuli-responsive moieties and ligands to provide intelligent holding and for active targeting of antineoplastic medicines, transport of genes, and theragnostic. This review comprehensively provides insight into recent substantial advancements in developing strategies for treating various cancer using LPHNPs. The bioactivity assessment factors have also been highlighted with a discussion of LPHNPs future clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita R Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Rajesh Salve
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411038, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mahavir Narwade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411038, India.
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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6
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Yang K, Liu S, Yan H, Lu W, Shan X, Chen H, Bao C, Feng H, Liao J, Liang S, Xu L, Tang H, Yuan JXJ, Zhong N, Wang J. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain perturbates intracellular calcium homeostasis and impairs pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:276. [PMID: 37452066 PMCID: PMC10349149 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the spike protein or receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 significantly influences endothelial cells and induces pulmonary vascular endotheliopathy. In this study, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 humanized inbred (hACE2 Tg) mice and cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells were used to investigate how spike protein/S-RBD impacts pulmonary vascular endothelium. Results show that S-RBD leads to acute-to-prolonged induction of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) via acute activation of TRPV4, and prolonged upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) key component Orai1 in cultured human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). In mechanism, S-RBD interacts with ACE2 to induce formation of clusters involving Orai1, Piezo1 and TRPC1, facilitate the channel activation of Piezo1 and SOCC, and lead to elevated apoptosis. These effects are blocked by Kobophenol A, which inhibits the binding between S-RBD and ACE2, or intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM. Blockade of Piezo1 and SOCC by GsMTx4 effectively protects the S-RBD-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial damage in hACE2 Tg mice via normalizing the elevated [Ca2+]i. Comparing to prototypic strain, Omicron variants (BA.5.2 and XBB) of S-RBD induces significantly less severe cell apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that prototypic S-RBD confers more severe acute impacts than Delta or Lambda S-RBD. In summary, this study provides compelling evidence that S-RBD could induce persistent pulmonary vascular endothelial damage by binding to ACE2 and triggering [Ca2+]i through upregulation of Piezo1 and Orai1. Targeted inhibition of ACE2-Piezo1/SOCC-[Ca2+]i axis proves a powerful strategy to treat S-RBD-induced pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Cui Y, Li C, Zeng X, Wei X, Li P, Cheng J, Xu Q, Yang Y. ATP purinergic receptor signalling promotes Sca-1 + cell proliferation and migration for vascular remodelling. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:173. [PMID: 37430253 PMCID: PMC10332060 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular resident stem cells expressing stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1+ cells) promote vascular regeneration and remodelling following injury through migration, proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the contributions of ATP signalling through purinergic receptor type 2 (P2R) isoforms in promoting Sca-1+ cell migration and proliferation after vascular injury and to elucidate the main downstream signalling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS ATP-evoked changes in isolated Sca-1+ cell migration were examined by transwell assays, proliferation by viable cell counting assays and intracellular Ca2+ signalling by fluorometry, while receptor subtype contributions and downstream signals were examined by pharmacological or genetic inhibition, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. These mechanisms were further examined in mice harbouring TdTomato-labelled Sca-1+ cells with and without Sca-1+-targeted P2R knockout following femoral artery guidewire injury. Stimulation with ATP promoted cultured Sca-1+ cell migration, induced intracellular free calcium elevations primarily via P2Y2R stimulation and accelerated proliferation mainly via P2Y6R stimulation. Enhanced migration was inhibited by the ERK blocker PD98059 or P2Y2R-shRNA, while enhanced proliferation was inhibited by the P38 inhibitor SB203580. Femoral artery guidewire injury of the neointima increased the number of TdTomato-labelled Sca-1+ cells, neointimal area and the ratio of neointimal area to media area at 3 weeks post-injury, and all of these responses were reduced by P2Y2R knockdown. CONCLUSIONS ATP induces Sca-1+ cell migration through the P2Y2R-Ca2+-ERK signalling pathway, and enhances proliferation through the P2Y6R-P38-MAPK signalling pathway. Both pathways are essential for vascular remodelling following injury. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Cui
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Chunshu Li
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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8
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Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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9
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Tang Y, Qiao C, Li Q, Zhu X, Zhao R, Peng X. Research Progress in the Relationship Between P2X7R and Cervical Cancer. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:823-834. [PMID: 35799022 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common and serious tumors in women. Finding new biomarkers and therapeutic targets plays an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cervical cancer. Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) is a purine ligand cation channel, activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Studies have shown that P2X7R plays an important role in a variety of diseases and cancers. More and more studies have shown that P2X7R is also closely related to cervical cancer; therefore, the role of P2X7R in the development of cervical cancer deserves further discussion. The expression level of P2X7R in uterine epithelial cancer tissues was lower than that of the corresponding normal tissues. P2X7R plays an important role in the apoptotic process of cervical cancer through various mechanisms of action, and both antagonists and agonists of P2X7R can inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells, while P2X7R is involved in the antitumor effect of Atr-I on cervical cancer cells. This review evaluates the current role of P2X7R in cervical cancer in order to develop more specific therapies for cervical cancer. In conclusion, P2X7R may become a biomarker for cervical cancer screening, and even a new target for clinical treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cuicui Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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10
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Feng YB, Chen L, Chen FX, Yang Y, Chen GH, Zhou ZH, Xu CF. Immunopotentiation effects of apigenin on NK cell proliferation and killing pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231161174. [PMID: 36848930 PMCID: PMC9974612 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231161174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a kind of flavonoid with many beneficial biological effects. It not only has direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, but also can boost the antitumor effect of immune cells by modulating immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation of NK cells treated with apigenin and its cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and explore its potential molecular mechanism. In this study, the effect of apigenin on NK cell proliferation and killing pancreatic cancer cells were measured by CCK-8 assay. Perforin, granzyme B (Gran B), CD107a, and NKG2D expressions of NK cells induced with apigenin were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p-ERK, and p-JNK in NK cells were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. The results showed that appropriate concentration of apigenin could significantly promote the proliferation of NK cells in vitro and enhance the killing activity of NK cells against pancreatic cancer cells. The expressions of surface antigen NKG2D and intracellular antigen perforin and Gran B of NK cells were upregulated after treating with apigenin. Bcl-2 mRNA expression was increased, while Bax mRNA expression was decreased. Similarly, the expression of Bcl-2, p-JNK, and p-ERK protein was upregulated, and the expression of Bax protein was downregulated. The molecular mechanism of the immunopotentiation effects of apigenin may be that it up-regulates Bcl-2 and down-regulates Bax expression at the gene and protein levels to facilitate NK cell proliferation, and up-regulates the expression of perforin, Gran B, and NKG2D through the activation of JNK and ERK pathways to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Gaochun Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Xing Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Gaochun Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Hai Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China,Zhong-Hai Zhou, Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 236 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Chun-Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China,Chun-Fang Xu, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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11
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Bai X, Li X, Qiao C, Tang Y, Zhao R, Peng X. Progress in the relationship between P2X7R and colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1687-1699. [PMID: 36417079 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonselective cation channel of the purinergic receptor family. P2X7R is activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and plays a significant role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases by triggering cellular signal transduction. More importantly, P2X7R is abnormally expressed in many tumor cells and is involved in the progression of various tumor cells. Studies have shown that the irregular expression of P2X7R in colorectal cancer (CRC) can not only indirectly affect the occurrence and development of CRC by promoting inflammatory bowel disease but also directly affect the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. P2X7R plays a bidirectional role in cancer induction and inhibition by mediating complex signaling pathways in CRC, and its expression level is closely related to the overall survival of CRC patients. Therefore, P2X7R may be a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the development and prognosis of CRC. In this paper, we review the research progress on P2X7R in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cuicui Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqing Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Albaradei S, Albaradei A, Alsaedi A, Uludag M, Thafar MA, Gojobori T, Essack M, Gao X. MetastaSite: Predicting metastasis to different sites using deep learning with gene expression data. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:913602. [PMID: 35936793 PMCID: PMC9353773 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.913602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning has massive potential in predicting phenotype from different omics profiles. However, deep neural networks are viewed as black boxes, providing predictions without explanation. Therefore, the requirements for these models to become interpretable are increasing, especially in the medical field. Here we propose a computational framework that takes the gene expression profile of any primary cancer sample and predicts whether patients' samples are primary (localized) or metastasized to the brain, bone, lung, or liver based on deep learning architecture. Specifically, we first constructed an AutoEncoder framework to learn the non-linear relationship between genes, and then DeepLIFT was applied to calculate genes' importance scores. Next, to mine the top essential genes that can distinguish the primary and metastasized tumors, we iteratively added ten top-ranked genes based upon their importance score to train a DNN model. Then we trained a final multi-class DNN that uses the output from the previous part as an input and predicts whether samples are primary or metastasized to the brain, bone, lung, or liver. The prediction performances ranged from AUC of 0.93-0.82. We further designed the model's workflow to provide a second functionality beyond metastasis site prediction, i.e., to identify the biological functions that the DL model uses to perform the prediction. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-class DNN model developed for the generic prediction of metastasis to various sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayah Albaradei
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asim Alsaedi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Thafar
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Z, Xiang S, Cui R, Peng H, Mridul R, Xiang M. ILP-2: A New Bane and Therapeutic Target for Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922596. [PMID: 35814477 PMCID: PMC9260022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein-related-like protein-2 (ILP-2), also known as BIRC-8, is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAPs) family, which mainly encodes the negative regulator of apoptosis. It is selectively overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and can help tumor cells evade apoptosis, promote tumor cell growth, increase tumor cell aggressiveness, and appears to be involved in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Several studies have shown that downregulation of ILP-2 expression increases apoptosis, inhibits metastasis, reduces cell growth potential, and sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, ILP-2 inhibits apoptosis in a unique manner; it does not directly inhibit the activity of caspases but induces apoptosis by cooperating with other apoptosis-related proteins. Here, we review the current understanding of the various roles of ILP-2 in the apoptotic cascade and explore the use of interfering ILP-2, and the combination of related anti-tumor agents, as a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Siqi Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Ruxia Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Hang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Roy Mridul
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Mingjun Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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Janho dit Hreich S, Benzaquen J, Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. The Purinergic Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081926. [PMID: 35454832 PMCID: PMC9025794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Despite recent therapeutic advances, including targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the disease progresses in almost all advanced lung cancers and in up to 50% of early-stage cancers. The purpose of this review is to discuss whether purinergic checkpoints (CD39, CD73, P2RX7, and ADORs), which shape the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, may represent novel therapeutic targets to combat progression of non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Janho dit Hreich
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM), FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; (S.J.d.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jonathan Benzaquen
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM), FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; (S.J.d.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- CHU Nice, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France;
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM, Team 4), Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Valérie Vouret-Craviari
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM), FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; (S.J.d.H.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-492-031-223
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15
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Dai J, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Bai X, Liu F, Li S, Yu Y, Hu W, Shi T, Shi D, Li X. Toward a Treatment of Cancer: Design and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Uncharged Pyrazoline Derivatives as a Series of Novel SHP2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073497. [PMID: 35408869 PMCID: PMC8998978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) encoded by the PTPN11 gene, which is involved in the RAS/MAPK cell signaling transduction process. SHP2 has been shown to contribute to the progression of various cancers and is emerging as an important target for anti-tumor drug research. However, past efforts to develop SHP2 inhibitors into drugs have been unsuccessful owing to the positively charged nature of the active site pocket tending to bind negatively charged groups that are usually non-drug-like. Here, a series of uncharged pyrazoline derivatives were designed and developed as new SHP2 inhibitors using a structure-based strategy. Compound 4o, which exhibited the strongest SHP2 inhibitory activity, bound directly to the catalytic domain of SHP2 in a competitive manner through multiple hydrogen bonds. Compound 4o affected the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting SHP2, and subsequently induced apoptosis and growth inhibition of HCT116 cells in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the oral administration of compound 4o in large doses showed no obvious toxicity. In summary, our findings provide a basis for the further development of compound 4o as a safe, effective and anti-tumor SHP2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yanyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Ting Shi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.L.)
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Naturally occurring deamidated triosephosphate isomerase is a promising target for cell-selective therapy in cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4028. [PMID: 35256749 PMCID: PMC8901631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human triosephosphate isomerase (HsTIM) is a central glycolytic enzyme and is overexpressed in cancer cells with accelerated glycolysis. Triple-negative breast cancer is highly dependent on glycolysis and is typically treated with a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Deamidated HsTIM was recently proposed as a druggable target. Although thiol-reactive drugs affect cell growth in deamidated HsTIM-complemented cells, the role of this protein as a selective target has not been demonstrated. To delve into the usefulness of deamidated HsTIM as a selective target, we assessed its natural accumulation in breast cancer cells. We found that deamidated HsTIM accumulates in breast cancer cells but not in noncancerous cells. The cancer cells are selectively programmed to undergo cell death with thiol-reactive drugs that induced the production of methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation-end products (AGEs). In vivo, a thiol-reactive drug effectively inhibits the growth of xenograft tumors with an underlying mechanism involving deamidated HsTIM. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of deamidated HsTIM as target to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers and other pathologies in which this post translationally modified protein accumulates.
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Bhartiya P, Masur K, Shome D, Kaushik N, Nguyen LN, Kaushik NK, Choi EH. Influence of Redox Stress on Crosstalk between Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121338. [PMID: 34943253 PMCID: PMC8698713 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary There has been significant scientific progress in skin care and skin damage repair, but the complete understanding of skin homeostasis is still beyond our reach. With an increase in environmental stress factors, the incidence rates of skin cancer and skin disorders are on the rise. Taken together with the incidence of scar- and burn-related morbidities, there is an urgent need to understand interactions between skin cells to develop novel therapies for the regeneration of healthy skin. One of the recurrent stress factors affecting the skin are the harmful free radicals, also referred to as oxidative stress. This study aimed to address the influence of oxidative stress on the interaction between two types of skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The study utilized cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to induce oxidative stress in cells and to assess the interactions between the two cell types. We showed that CAP can stimulate cells to enhance their proliferation and migration. This study provides a further understanding of skin cell regulation under stress conditions. Such knowledge may help in designing treatment therapies for rapid wound healing and skin repair. Abstract Although the skin is constantly subjected to endogenous and exogenous stress, it maintains a homeostatic state through wound repair and regeneration pathways. Treatment for skin diseases and injury requires a significant understanding of the various mechanisms and interactions that occur within skin cells. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts interact with each other and act as key players in the repair process. Although fibroblasts and keratinocytes are widely studied in wound healing and skin remodeling under different conditions, the influence of redox stress on keratinocyte-fibroblast crosstalk has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we used cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to generate and deliver oxidative stress to keratinocytes and fibroblasts and to assess its impact on their interactions. To this end, we used a well-established in vitro 3D co-culture model imitating a realistic scenario. Our study shows that low CAP exposure is biocompatible and does not affect the viability or energetics of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Exposure to low doses of CAP enhanced the proliferation rate of cells and stimulated the expression of key genes (KGF, MMP2, GMCSF, IL-6, and IL-8) in fibroblasts, indicating the activation and initiation of the skin repair process. Additionally, enhanced migration was observed under co-culture conditions under the given redox stress conditions, and expression of the upstream regulator and the effectors of the Hippo pathway (YAP and CYR61, respectively), which are associated with enhanced migration, were elevated. Overall, this study reinforces the application of CAP and redox stress in skin repair physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bhartiya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.B.); (L.N.N.)
| | - Kai Masur
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Debarati Shome
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea;
| | - Linh N. Nguyen
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.B.); (L.N.N.)
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.B.); (L.N.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.B.); (L.N.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
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18
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Jain PP, Lai N, Xiong M, Chen J, Babicheva A, Zhao T, Parmisano S, Zhao M, Paquin C, Matti M, Powers R, Balistrieri A, Kim NH, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. TRPC6, a therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1161-L1182. [PMID: 34704831 PMCID: PMC8715021 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00159.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal and progressive disease. Sustained vasoconstriction due to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) contraction and concentric arterial remodeling due partially to PASMC proliferation are the major causes for increased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) including PAH and PH due to respiratory diseases or hypoxemia. We and others observed upregulation of TRPC6 channels in PASMCs from patients with PAH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in PASMC triggers PASMC contraction and vasoconstriction, while Ca2+-dependent activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a pivotal signaling cascade for cell proliferation and gene expression. Despite evidence supporting a pathological role of TRPC6, no selective and orally bioavailable TRPC6 antagonist has yet been developed and tested for treatment of PAH or PH. In this study, we sought to investigate whether block of receptor-operated Ca2+ channels using a nonselective blocker of cation channels, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB, administered intraperitoneally) and a selective blocker of TRPC6, BI-749327 (administered orally) can reverse established PH in mice. The results from the study show that intrapulmonary application of 2-APB (40 µM) or BI-749327 (3-10 µM) significantly and reversibly inhibited acute alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-APB (1 mg/kg per day) significantly attenuated the development of PH and partially reversed established PH in mice. Oral gavage of BI-749327 (30 mg/kg, every day, for 2 wk) reversed established PH by ∼50% via regression of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Furthermore, 2-APB and BI-749327 both significantly inhibited PDGF- and serum-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in PASMC. In summary, the receptor-operated and mechanosensitive TRPC6 channel is a good target for developing novel treatment for PAH/PH. BI-749327, a selective TRPC6 blocker, is potentially a novel and effective drug for treating PAH and PH due to respiratory diseases or hypoxemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Boron Compounds/pharmacology
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/antagonists & inhibitors
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/genetics
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nick H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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19
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Wang Z, Chen J, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Rodriguez M, Ayon RJ, Ravellette KS, Wu L, Balistrieri F, Tang H, Wu X, Zhao T, Black SM, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Sun X, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1010-C1027. [PMID: 34669509 PMCID: PMC8714987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo is a mechanosensitive cation channel responsible for stretch-mediated Ca2+ and Na+ influx in multiple types of cells. Little is known about the functional role of Piezo1 in the lung vasculature and its potential pathogenic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are constantly under mechanic stretch and shear stress that are sufficient to activate Piezo channels. Here, we report that Piezo1 is significantly upregulated in PAECs from patients with idiopathic PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls. Membrane stretch by decreasing extracellular osmotic pressure or by cyclic stretch (18% CS) increases Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (p) of AKT and ERK, and subsequently upregulates expression of Notch ligands, Jagged1/2 (Jag-1 and Jag-2), and Delta like-4 (DLL4) in PAECs. siRNA-mediated downregulation of Piezo1 significantly inhibited the stretch-mediated pAKT increase and Jag-1 upregulation, whereas downregulation of AKT by siRNA markedly attenuated the stretch-mediated Jag-1 upregulation in human PAECs. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of Piezo1 in the isolated pulmonary artery, which mainly contains pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), from animals with severe PH was also significantly higher than that from control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a Piezo1 channel blocker, GsMTx4, ameliorated experimental PH in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that membrane stretch-mediated Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 is an important trigger for pAKT-mediated upregulation of Jag-1 in PAECs. Upregulation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and the resultant increase in the Notch ligands (Jag-1/2 and DLL4) in PAECs may play a critical pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keeley S Ravellette
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Linda Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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20
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Reyna-Jeldes M, Díaz-Muñoz M, Madariaga JA, Coddou C, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Autocrine and paracrine purinergic signaling in the most lethal types of cancer. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:345-370. [PMID: 33982134 PMCID: PMC8410929 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer comprises a collection of diseases that occur in almost any tissue and it is characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that results in tumor formation and propagation to other tissues, causing tissue and organ malfunction and death. Despite the undeniable improvement in cancer diagnostics and therapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and preventive strategies with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. In this context, purinergic signaling emerges as an interesting candidate as a cancer biomarker or therapeutic target. There is abundant evidence that tumor cells have significant changes in the expression of purinergic receptors, which comprise the G-protein coupled P2Y and AdoR families of receptors and the ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors. Tumor cells also exhibit changes in the expression of nucleotidases and other enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, and the concentrations of extracellular nucleotides are significantly higher than those observed in normal cells. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of purinergic signaling in the ten most lethal cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, prostate, cervical, esophagus, pancreas, and ovary), which together are responsible for more than 5 million annual deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - J A Madariaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - C Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile.
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
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21
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Kountz TS, Jairaman A, Kountz CD, Stauderman KA, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E 2 and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1275-1287. [PMID: 34389624 PMCID: PMC8816324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelial cells (AECs) lining the conducting passageways of the lung secrete a variety of immunomodulatory factors. Among these, PGE2 limits lung inflammation and promotes bronchodilation. By contrast, IL-6 drives intense airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. The signaling that differentiates the production of these opposing mediators is not understood. In this study, we find that the production of PGE2 and IL-6 following stimulation of human AECs by the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular ATP shares a common requirement for Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. ATP-mediated synthesis of PGE2 required activation of metabotropic P2Y2 receptors and CRAC channel-mediated cytosolic phospholipase A2 signaling. By contrast, ATP-evoked synthesis of IL-6 occurred via activation of ionotropic P2X receptors and CRAC channel-mediated calcineurin/NFAT signaling. In contrast to ATP, which elicited the production of both PGE2 and IL-6, the uridine nucleotide, UTP, stimulated PGE2 but not IL-6 production. These results reveal that human AECs employ unique receptor-specific signaling mechanisms with CRAC channels as a signaling nexus to regulate release of opposing immunomodulatory mediators. Collectively, our results identify P2Y2 receptors, CRAC channels, and P2X receptors as potential intervention targets for airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Candace D Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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22
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Jain PP, Zhao T, Xiong M, Song S, Lai N, Zheng Q, Chen J, Carr SG, Babicheva A, Izadi A, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Rahimi S, Simonson T, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Halofuginone, a promising drug for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3373-3394. [PMID: 33694155 PMCID: PMC9792225 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Halofuginone is a febrifugine derivative originally isolated from Chinese traditional herb Chang Shan that exhibits anti-hypertrophic, anti-fibrotic and anti-proliferative effects. We sought to investigate whether halofuginone induced pulmonary vasodilation and attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Patch-clamp experiments were conducted to examine the activity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Digital fluorescence microscopy was used to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentration in PASMCs. Isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs were used to measure pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Mice exposed to hypoxia (10% O2 ) for 4 weeks were used as model of HPH for in vivo experiments. KEY RESULTS Halofuginone increased voltage-gated K+ (Kv ) currents in PASMCs and K+ currents through KCNA5 channels in HEK cells transfected with KCNA5 gene. HF (0.03-1 μM) inhibited receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in HEK cells transfected with calcium-sensing receptor gene and attenuated store-operated Ca2+ entry in PASMCs. Acute (3-5 min) intrapulmonary application of halofuginone significantly and reversibly inhibited alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction dose-dependently (0.1-10 μM). Intraperitoneal administration of halofuginone (0.3 mg·kg-1 , for 2 weeks) partly reversed established PH in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Halofuginone is a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking VDCC and receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels in PASMCs. The therapeutic effect of halofuginone on experimental PH is probably due to combination of its vasodilator effects, via inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and anti-proliferative effects, via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amin Izadi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shayan Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Polymeric Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles as a Delivery System Enhance the Antitumor Effect of Emodin in Vitro and in Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2986-2996. [PMID: 33864779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Emodin-loaded polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles (E-PLNs) for breast cancer. The size, Zeta potential, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, stability, in vitro drug release of E-PLNs prepared by the nanoprecipitation method were characterized. The uptake, in-vitro cytotoxicities and apoptosis of free drug, E-PLNs were investigated against MCF-7 cells. The efficacy of E-PLNs in tumor bearing nude mice has also been studied.The average particle size of the experimentally prepared E-PLNs was (122.7±1.79) nm, and the encapsulation rate was 72.8%. Compared with free Emodin (EMO), E-PLNs showed greater toxicity to MCF-7 cells by promoting the uptake of EMO, and can promote the early apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. In addition to the morphological changes of apoptotic cells, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly increased, which indicated that E-PLNs can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells to achieve anticancer effect. Finally, E-PLNs significantly inhibited tumor growth by more than 60%, which may be related to its passive targeting effect on tumor site. Our results suggest that E-PLNs have shown good anti-breast cancer effect than free EMO. Moreover, the effect of E-PLNs on MCF-7 cells is mainly related to the induction of apoptosis.
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24
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Janotka Ľ, Messingerová L, Šimoničová K, Kavcová H, Elefantová K, Sulová Z, Breier A. Changes in Apoptotic Pathways in MOLM-13 Cell Lines after Induction of Resistance to Hypomethylating Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042076. [PMID: 33669837 PMCID: PMC7923013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We established the following two variants of the MOLM-13 human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line: (i) MOLM-13/DAC cells are resistant to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC), and (ii) MOLM-13/AZA are resistant to 5-azacytidine (AZA). Both cell variants were obtained through a six-month selection/adaptation procedure with a stepwise increase in the concentration of either DAC or AZA. MOLM-13/DAC cells are resistant to DAC, and MOLM-13/AZA cells are resistant to AZA (approximately 50-fold and 20-fold, respectively), but cross-resistance of MOLM-13/DAC to AZA and of MOLM-13/AZA to DAC was not detected. By measuring the cell retention of fluorescein-linked annexin V and propidium iodide, we showed an apoptotic mode of death for MOLM-13 cells after treatment with either DAC or AZA, for MOLM-13/DAC cells after treatment with AZA, and for MOLM-13/AZA cells after treatment with DAC. When cells progressed to apoptosis, via JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide) assay, we detected a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we characterized promoter methylation levels for some genes encoding proteins regulating apoptosis and the relation of this methylation to the expression of the respective genes. In addition, we focused on determining the expression levels and activity of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľuboš Janotka
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.J.); (K.Š.); (H.K.)
| | - Lucia Messingerová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.J.); (K.Š.); (H.K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Z.S.); (A.B.); Tel.: +421-2-593-25-514 (L.M.); +421-2-3229-5510 (Z.S.); +421-918-674-514 (A.B.)
| | - Kristína Šimoničová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.J.); (K.Š.); (H.K.)
| | - Helena Kavcová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.J.); (K.Š.); (H.K.)
| | - Katarína Elefantová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zdena Sulová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.J.); (K.Š.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Z.S.); (A.B.); Tel.: +421-2-593-25-514 (L.M.); +421-2-3229-5510 (Z.S.); +421-918-674-514 (A.B.)
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.J.); (K.Š.); (H.K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Z.S.); (A.B.); Tel.: +421-2-593-25-514 (L.M.); +421-2-3229-5510 (Z.S.); +421-918-674-514 (A.B.)
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Exploring the mechanism of aidi injection for lung cancer by network pharmacology approach and molecular docking validation. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227696. [PMID: 33506873 PMCID: PMC7881165 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Aidi injection (ADI) is an effective Traditional Chinese medicine preparation widely used for lung cancer. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of ADI on lung cancer remain to be elucidated. Methods. A network pharmacology (NP)-based approach and the molecular docking validation were conducted to explore underlying mechanisms of ADI on lung cancer. The compounds and target genes were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Batman-TCM) database. The STRING database was utilized for protein interaction network construction. The R package clusterProfiler was used for bioinformatics annotation of hub target genes. The gene expression analysis and survival analysis were performed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Autodock Vina was used for molecular docking validation. Results. A total of five key compounds with 324 putative target genes were screened out, and 14 hub target genes were identified for treating lung cancer. Six hub genes could influence the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Of these hub genes, the expression pattern of EGFR, MYC, PIK3CA, and SMAD3 were significantly higher in the LUSC, while PIK3CA and RELA expressed lower in the LUAD group and LUSC group, respectively. These six hub genes had good docking affinity with the key compounds of ADI. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that ADI may exert therapeutic effects on lung cancer by regulating critical pathways including the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions. The present study explored the potential pharmacological mechanisms of ADI on lung cancer, promoting the clinical application of ADI in treating lung cancer, and providing references for advanced researches.
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Woods LT, Forti KM, Shanbhag VC, Camden JM, Weisman GA. P2Y receptors for extracellular nucleotides: Contributions to cancer progression and therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114406. [PMID: 33412103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides contribute to a vast array of cellular and tissue functions, including cell proliferation, intracellular and transmembrane ion flux, immunomodulation and thrombosis. In mammals, the purinergic receptor system is composed of G protein-coupled P1 receptors A1, A2A, A2B and A3 for extracellular adenosine, P2X1-7 receptors that are ATP-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y1,2,4,6,11,12,13 and 14 receptors for extracellular ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and/or UDP-glucose. Recent studies have implicated specific P2Y receptor subtypes in numerous oncogenic processes, including cancer tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance, where G protein-mediated signaling cascades modulate intracellular ion concentrations and activate downstream protein kinases, Src family kinases as well as numerous mitogen-activated protein kinases. We are honored to contribute to this special issue dedicated to the founder of the field of purinergic signaling, Dr. Geoffrey Burnstock, by reviewing the diverse roles of P2Y receptors in the initiation, progression and metastasis of specific cancers with an emphasis on pharmacological and genetic strategies employed to delineate cell-specific and P2Y receptor subtype-specific responses that have been investigated using in vitro and in vivo cancer models. We further highlight bioinformatic and empirical evidence on P2Y receptor expression in human clinical specimens and cover clinical perspectives where P2Y receptor-targeting interventions may have therapeutic relevance to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vinit C Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jean M Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Atali S, Dorandish S, Devos J, Williams A, Price D, Taylor J, Guthrie J, Heyl D, Evans HG. Interaction of amyloid beta with humanin and acetylcholinesterase is modulated by ATP. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2805-2823. [PMID: 33145964 PMCID: PMC7714071 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is known to bind amyloid beta (Aβ)‐inducing cytoprotective effects, while binding of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to Aβ increases its aggregation and cytotoxicity. Previously, we showed that binding of HN to Aβ blocks aggregation induced by AChE and that HN decreases but does not abolish Aβ‐AChE interactions in A549 cell media. Here, we set out to shed light on factors that modulate the interactions of Aβ with HN and AChE. We found that binding of either HN or AChE to Aβ is not affected by heparan sulfate, while ATP, thought to reduce misfolding of Aβ, weakened interactions between AChE and Aβ but strengthened those between Aβ and HN. Using media from either A549 or H1299 lung cancer cells, we observed that more HN was bound to Aβ upon addition of ATP, while levels of AChE in a complex with Aβ were decreased by ATP addition to A549 cell media. Exogenous addition of ATP to either A549 or H1299 cell media increased interactions of endogenous HN with Aβ to a comparable extent despite differences in AChE expression in the two cell lines, and this was correlated with decreased binding of exogenously added HN to Aβ. Treatment with exogenous ATP had no effect on cell viability under all conditions examined. Exogenously added ATP did not affect viability of cells treated with AChE‐immunodepleted media, and there was no apparent protection against the cytotoxicity resulting from immunodepletion of HN. Moreover, exogenously added ATP had no effect on the relative abundance of oligomer versus total Aβ in either cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Atali
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Sadaf Dorandish
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Devos
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Asana Williams
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Deanna Price
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Jaylen Taylor
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey Guthrie
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Deborah Heyl
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Hedeel Guy Evans
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Meyer AV, Klein D, de Leve S, Szymonowicz K, Stuschke M, Robson SC, Jendrossek V, Wirsdörfer F. Host CD39 Deficiency Affects Radiation-Induced Tumor Growth Delay and Aggravates Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Toxicity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554883. [PMID: 33194619 PMCID: PMC7649817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.554883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39)/5′ ectonuclotidase (CD73)-dependent purinergic pathway emerges as promising cancer target. Yet, except for own previous work revealing a pathogenic role of CD73 and adenosine in radiation-induced lung fibrosis, the role of purinergic signaling for radiotherapy outcome remained elusive. Here we used C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), CD39 knockout (CD39−/−), and CD73 knockout (CD73−/−) mice and hind-leg tumors of syngeneic murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC1) to elucidate how host purinergic signaling shapes the growth of LLC1 tumors to a single high-dose irradiation with 10 Gy in vivo. In complementary in vitro experiments, we examined the radiation response of LLC1 cells in combination with exogenously added ATP or adenosine, the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory arms of purinergic signaling. Finally, we analyzed the impact of genetic loss of CD39 on pathophysiologic lung changes associated with lung fibrosis induced by a single-dose whole-thorax irradiation (WTI) with 15 Gy. Loss of CD73 in the tumor host did neither significantly affect tumor growth nor the radiation response of the CD39/CD73-negative LLC1 tumors. In contrast, LLC1 tumors exhibited a tendency to grow faster in CD39−/− mice compared to WT mice. Even more important, tumors grown in the CD39-deficient background displayed a significantly reduced tumor growth delay upon irradiation when compared to irradiated tumors grown on WT mice. CD39 deficiency caused only subtle differences in the immune compartment of irradiated LLC1 tumors compared to WT mice. Instead, we could associate the tumor growth and radioresistance-promoting effects of host CD39 deficiency to alterations in the tumor endothelial compartment. Importantly, genetic deficiency of CD39 also augmented the expression level of fibrosis-associated osteopontin in irradiated normal lungs and exacerbated radiation-induced lung fibrosis at 25 weeks after irradiation. We conclude that genetic loss of host CD39 alters the tumor microenvironment, particularly the tumor microvasculature, and thereby promotes growth and radioresistance of murine LLC1 tumors. In the normal tissue loss of host, CD39 exacerbates radiation-induced adverse late effects. The suggested beneficial roles of host CD39 on the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting CD39 in combination with radiotherapy have to be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina V Meyer
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone de Leve
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pelleg A. Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate in pulmonary disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114319. [PMID: 33161021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is found in every cell of the human body where it plays a critical role in cellular energetics and metabolism. ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic condition; extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine by ecto-enzymes (mainly, CD39 and CD73). Before its degradation, ATP acts as an autocrine and paracrine agent exerting its effects on targeted cells by activating cell surface receptors named P2 Purinergic receptors. The latter are expressed by different cell types in the lungs, the activation of which is involved in multiple pulmonary disorders. This succinct review summarizes the role of ATP in inflammation processes associated with these disorders including bronchoconstriction, cough, mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. All of these disorders still constitute unmet clinical needs. Therefore, the various ATP-signaling pathways in pulmonary inflammation constitute attractive targets for novel drug-candidates that would improve the management of patients with multiple pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pelleg
- Danmir Therapeutics, LLC, Haverford, PA, USA. http://www.danmirtherapeutics.com
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The P2X7 purinergic receptor: a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2731-2741. [PMID: 32892231 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a gated ion channel for which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a ligand. Activated P2X7R is widely expressed in a variety of immune cells and tissues and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Studies have confirmed that P2X7R is involved in the regulation of tumor cell growth, stimulating cell proliferation or inducing apoptosis. Recent studies have found that P2X7R is abnormally expressed in lung cancer and is closely related to the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the structure, function, and genetic polymorphisms of P2X7R. In particular, the role and therapeutic potential of P2X7R in lung cancer are discussed to provide new targets and new strategies for the treatment and prognosis of clinical lung cancer. METHODS The relevant literature on P2X7R and lung cancer from PubMed databases is reviewed in this article. RESULTS P2X7R regulates the function of lung cancer cells by activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways (such as the JNK, Rho, HMGB1 and EMT pathways), thereby affecting cell survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis and patient prognosis. Targeting P2X7R with inhibitors effectively suppresses the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. CONCLUSION In summary, P2X7R is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, and more clinical research is needed in the future to explore the effectiveness of P2X7R antagonists as treatments.
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Analysis of purine receptor expression and functionality in alveolar epithelial cells. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:213-229. [PMID: 32236789 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its fundamental role in providing an extensive surface for gas exchange, the alveolar epithelium (AE) serves as an immunological barrier through, e.g., the release of proinflammatory cytokines and secretion of surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse. Thus, AE is important for sustaining lung homeostasis. Extracellular ATP secreted by alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is involved in physiological and pathological conditions and acts mainly through the activation of purine receptors (P2Rs). When studying P2R-mediated processes, primary isolated type II AECs (piAECs) still represent the gold standard in in vitro research, although their preparation is time-consuming and requires the sacrifice of many animals. Hence, cultivated immortalized and tumor-derived AEC lines may constitute a valuable alternative. In this work, we examined P2R expression and functionality in piAECs, in immortalized and tumor-derived AEC lines with the purpose of gaining a better understanding of purinergic signaling in different cell systems and assisting researchers in the choice of a suitable cell line with a certain P2R in demand. We combined mRNA and protein analysis to evaluate the expression of P2R. For pharmacological testing, we conducted calcium ([Ca2+]) measurements and siRNA receptor knockdown. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein levels of P2Y2, P2Y6, and P2X4 were detected on all cell lines. Concerning functionality, P2XR could be narrowed to L2 and piAECs while P2YR were active in all cell lines.
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Lin CH, Lee C, Wu YC, Lu IC. New Strategy to Preserve Phosphate by Ionic Liquid Matrices in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization: A Case of Adenosine Nucleotides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051217. [PMID: 32182713 PMCID: PMC7179418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine -5′-triphosphate (ATP) plays a valuable role in metabolic activity to produce adequate energy in a biosystem. A high ATP/AMP ratio has a correlation with diabetes that induces suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)–mass spectrometry (MS) has outstanding potential in determining the ratio of several types of adenosine phosphates in a sample to rapidly understand the primary energy transfer in metabolism. Although MALDI is viewed as a soft ionization technique for MS analysis, excess photon energy might crack the phosphate bonds leading to misinterpretation of the ATP level. In this work, ionic liquid matrices (ILMs) were employed to reduce fragmentation and increase the detection efficiency during the MALDI process. This study demonstrated for the first time that 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid pyridine (DHBP) is one of the most effective matrices for further quantitative analysis of adenosine nucleotides. This systematic screening of ILMs also enhances the fundamental understanding of MALDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Chuping Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Cheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - I-Chung Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840411 (ext. 502); Fax: +886-4-22862547
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Mumtaz S, Bhartiya P, Kaushik N, Adhikari M, Lamichhane P, Lee SJ, Kaushik NK, Choi EH. Pulsed high-power microwaves do not impair the functions of skin normal and cancer cells in vitro: A short-term biological evaluation. J Adv Res 2019; 22:47-55. [PMID: 31956441 PMCID: PMC6961216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed high power microwave (MW) at a frequency 3.5 GHz was generated. MW did not induce cell death in skin fibroblast normal cells and melanoma cells. MW did not alter the morphology of melanoma cells. Gene expression related to ATP synthesis and proliferation can get altered by MW. MW selectively stimulated viability and proliferation of only melanoma cells.
Over the past few decades, microwave (MW) radiation has been widely used, and its biological effects have been extensively investigated. However, the effect of MW radiation on human skin biology is not well understood. We study the effects of pulsed high-power microwaves (HPMs) on melanoma (G361 and SK-Mel-31) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. A pulsed power generator (Chundoong) was used to generate pulsed HPMs (dominant frequency: 3.5 GHz). For treatment 1, 5, 15, and 45 shots are given to cells in which the electromagnetic energy of 0.6 J was delivered to the cells at each trigger shot. Cell viability, proliferation rate, apoptosis, cell death, metabolic activity, and oxygen-free radical regulation were evaluated after the MW exposure at low and high doses. MW exposure increased the viabilities and proliferation rates of both melanoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, while no significant effects on the fibroblast cells were observed. We found an elevated level of ATP and mitochondrial activity in melanoma cells. Also, it was observed that MW exposure did not affect cell death in melanoma and fibroblast cells. A polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the MWs induced dose-dependent proliferation markers without affecting the cell cycle and apoptotic genes in the melanoma cells. Our findings show the differential effects of the MW radiation on the melanoma cells, compared to those on the fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Mumtaz
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Bhartiya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Lamichhane
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.,Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.,Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Cao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Evers M, Zhang H, Chen X. Extracellular and macropinocytosis internalized ATP work together to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and other early metastatic activities in lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:254. [PMID: 31582910 PMCID: PMC6771108 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular ATP (eATP) was shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a very important early process in metastasis, in cancer cells via purinergic receptor signaling. However, the exact induction mechanisms are far from fully known. We previously described that eATP is internalized by cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by macropinocytosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and other cancer cells, drastically elevates intracellular ATP levels, enhances cell proliferation and resistance to anticancer drugs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that eATP and macropinocytosis-internalized eATP also induces EMT and other early steps of metastasis. Methods Floating cells, fencing, and transwell assays were used to show that ATP induces cell detachment, new colony formation, migration and invasion in human A549 and other lung cancer cells. Western blots were used to detect ATP-induced changes in EMT-related proteins; Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate ATP-induced metastasis-related cell morphological changes. Inhibitors and siRNA knockdowns were used to determine P2X7's involvement in the ATP-induced EMT. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of the SNX5 gene was used to identify macropinocytosis' roles in EMT and cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine statistical significance, P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results eATP potently induces expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), and detachment, EMT, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. The induction was independent of TGF-β and semi-independent of P2X7 activation. eATP performs these functions not only extracellularly, but also intracellularly after being macropinocytically internalized to further enhance P2X7-mediated EMT, filopodia formation and other early steps of metastasis. The knockout of macropinocytosis-associated SNX5 gene significantly reduces macropinocytosis, slows down tumor growth, and changes tumor morphology in nude mice. Conclusions Collectively, these results show that eATP's functions in these processes not only from outside of cancer cells but also inside after being macropinocytotically internalized. These findings shed light on eATP's initiator and effector roles in almost every step in early metastasis, which calls for rethinking and rebalancing energy equations of intracellular biochemical reactions and the Warburg effect, and identifies eATP and macropinocytosis as novel targets for potentially slowing down EMT and preventing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Cao
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Yunsheng Li
- 3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Maria Evers
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,4Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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Identification of prognostic biomarkers for malignant melanoma using microarray datasets. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5243-5254. [PMID: 31620197 PMCID: PMC6788168 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Efforts have been made to elucidate the pathology of malignant melanoma. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the microarray datasets GSE3189, GSE4570 and GSE4587 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used for the elucidation of candidate genes involved in the initiation and progression of melanoma. Assessment of the microarray datasets led to the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were subsequently used for function enrichment analysis. These data were utilized in the construction of the protein-protein interaction network and module analysis was conducted using STRING and Cytoscape software. The results of these analyses led to the identification of a total of 182 DEGs, including 52 downregulated and 130 upregulated genes. The functions and pathways found to be enriched in the DEGs were GTPase activity, transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, apoptotic processes, cell adhesion, membrane related pathways, calcium signaling cascade and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The identified genes were demonstrated to belong to a set of 10 hub genes biologically involved in proliferation, apoptosis, cytokinesis, adhesion and migration. Survival analysis and Oncomine database analysis revealed that the calmodulin gene family, BAX and VEGFA genes, may be associated with the initiation, invasion or recurrence of melanoma. In conclusion, the DEGs and hub genes identified in the present study may be used to understand the molecular pathways involved in the initiation and progression of malignant melanoma. Furthermore, the present study may aid in the identification of possible targets for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
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Wang BF, Zheng LF, Xu XH, Huang F. Expression of gastrin in colon cancer and its effect on human colon cancer cell proliferation and P38 signal transduction pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1062-1069. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i17.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system in China. The early diagnosis is low due to nonspecific symptoms, which leads to the loss of chance of radical surgery and a high mortality rate, greatly harming patients' life and health. Gastrin is a hormone that is mainly secreted from G cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Upon binding to gastrin receptors, it stimulates gastric acid secretion and promotes gastrointestinal mucosal growth. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by hormones such as gastrin and are responsible for signal transduction between the cell surface and the nucleus.
AIM To analyze the expression of gastrin in CC patients, and to investigate the inhibitory effect of gastrin receptor antagonist on human CC cell line and the P38 signal transduction pathway.
METHODS From January 2016 to October 2018, 30 CC specimens collected from the Department of Pathology of our hospital were divided into poorly, moderately, and highly differentiated specimens according to the criteria of the World Health Organization's malignant tumor differentiation. The immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of gastrin in these specimens. The human CC cell line SW480 was cultured in vitro, and the cells were divided into a control group (no drug treatment), a gastrin group (6.25-200.00 mg/L of gastrin was added), a proglumide group (8.00-256.00 mg/L of proglumide for treatment), and a gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L gastrin and 8.00-256.00 mg/L proglumide for treatment). The expression of gastrin receptor/cholecystokinin-B receptor in SW480 cells was detected, and SW480 cell viability, proliferation index, and expression of P38 signal transduction pathway molecules (P38 protein, phosphorylated P38 protein, Bcl-2, and BAX) in different groups were compared.
RESULTS The higher the degree of differentiation of CC tissues, the higher the positive rate of gastrin expression. The OD values of SW480 cells treated with gastrin at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 200.00 mg/L were significantly higher than those in control cells (P < 0.05). Gastrin at a concentration of 12.50 mg resulted in the highest OD value in SW480 cells (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in OD values of SW480 cells treated with gastrin at concentrations between 25.00 and 200.00 mg/L (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in OD values of SW480 cells treated with glutamine at concentrations of 8.00-256.00 mg/L (P > 0.05). Gastrin at 12.50 mg/L combined with 16.00 mg/L of proglumide resulted in the lowest OD value in SW480 cells, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), but this significant difference disappeared with the increase of proglumide concentration (P > 0.05). The cell proliferation index of the gastrin group (12.50 mg/L) was significantly higher than those of the proglumide group (16.00 mg/L) and the gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L + 16.00 mg/L) (P < 0.05). The levels of P38 protein expression and phosphorylation and BAX protein expression in the gastrin group (12.50 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of the control group, proglumide group (16.00 mg/L), and gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L + 16.00 mg/L), while Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher that in the control group, proglumide group (16.00 mg/L), and gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L + 16.00 mg/L) (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Gastrin can inhibit the apoptosis of human CC cell line SW480, and its expression in CC is related to the degree of tumor differentiation. The higher the degree of differentiation, the higher the expression level. Gastrin receptor antagonist can antagonize the proliferative effect of gastrin via mechanisms possibly related to up-regulation of P38 expression, phosphorylation of P38, and BAX expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi Hospital of Jinhua City Center, First People's Hospital, Xiangcheng District, Jinhua 321075, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Fang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi Hospital of Jinhua City Center, First People's Hospital, Xiangcheng District, Jinhua 321075, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi Hospital of Jinhua City Center, First People's Hospital, Xiangcheng District, Jinhua 321075, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Dongli Hospital, Tianjin 300300, China
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Cheng HH, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR. The exploration of effect of terfenadine on Ca 2+ signaling in renal tubular cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:73-79. [PMID: 31184240 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1620777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Terfenadine, an antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic conditions, affected Ca2+-related physiological responses in various models. However, the effect of terfenadine on cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and its related physiology in renal tubular cells is unknown. This study examined whether terfenadine altered Ca2+ signaling and caused cytotoxicity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) renal tubular cells. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was used to measure [Ca2+]i. Cell viability was measured by the fluorescent reagent 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay. Terfenadine at concentrations of 100-1000 μM induced [Ca2+]i rises concentration dependently. The response was reduced by approximately 35% by removing extracellular Ca2+. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) partly inhibited terfenadine-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with terfenadine abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 inhibited 95% of terfenadine-induced Ca2+ release. Terfenadine-induced Ca2+ entry was supported by Mn2+-caused quenching of fura-2 fluorescence. Terfenadine-induced Ca2+ entry was partly inhibited by an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) and by three modulators of store-operated Ca2+ channels (nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365). Terfenadine at 200-300 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in MDCK cells, terfenadine induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Furthermore, terfenadine caused cell death that was not triggered by preceding [Ca2+]i rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Hsiung Cheng
- a Department of Medicine , Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- b Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,c Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- d Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- e Department of Metabolism , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- f Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Chia-Yi , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- b Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Bobba KN, Binoy A, Koo S, Nedungadi D, Podder A, Sharma A, Mishra N, Kim JS, Bhuniya S. Direct readout protonophore induced selective uncoupling and dysfunction of individual mitochondria within cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6429-6432. [PMID: 31094377 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Concurrently, manipulation of mitochondrial activity and its monitoring have enormous significance in cancer therapy and diagnosis. In this context, a fluorescent probe MitoDP has been developed for validating H2S mediated protonophore (2,4-dinitrophenol, DNP) induced mitochondrial membrane potential change, ROS formation and ATP depletion in cancer cells. The extent of protonophore activation for mitochondrial dysfunction is monitored through fluorescence signalling at 450 nm. The current study provides a proof for the concept of endogenous H2S-mediated controlled and spatial release of bioactive agents, or toxins specifically in mitochondria of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research and Innovation, Amrita School of engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641-112, India.
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Li X, Zhao X, Li C, Liu S, Yan F, Teng Y, Feng J, Miao D. Inhibitor of ghrelin receptor reverses gefitinib resistance in lung cancer. Hum Cell 2019; 32:360-366. [PMID: 31020605 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib is the first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), which is used in the treatment of NCSLC patients through interrupting EGFR signaling pathway. Although gefitinib prolongs patients' progression-free survival (PFS), acquired resistance occurs in advanced NSCLC patients. In this study, we mainly investigated the effects of antagonist for ghrelin-R (D-lys-3-GHRP-6) on conquering acquired gefitinib resistance in human lung cancer cells. We found that GHSR was overexpressed in our established HCC827/GR cells compared with parental cells, accompanied with increase of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2. Treatment of D-lys-3-GHRP-6 significantly decreased p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 expression in HCC827/GR cells. H1650 cells and HCC827/GR cells were treated with control, gefitinib, D-lys-3-GHRP-6 and D-lys-3-GHRP-6 + gefitinib, respectively. In H1650 and HCC827/GR cells, combination of D-lys-3-GHRP-6 and gefitinib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and Bcl2 protein level, induced the cell apoptosis and cleaved-caspase3 protein level compared with control group, while there was no significant difference between control and gefitinib group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital, Yancheng, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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Dai J, Chen A, Zhu M, Qi X, Tang W, Liu M, Li D, Gu Q, Li J. Penicisulfuranol A, a novel C-terminal inhibitor disrupting molecular chaperone function of Hsp90 independent of ATP binding domain. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:404-415. [PMID: 30857829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to explore the mechanism of a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) C-terminal inhibitor, Penicisulfuranol A (PEN-A), for cancer therapy. PEN-A was produced by a mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium janthinellum and had a new structure with a rare 3H-spiro [benzofuran-2, 2'-piperazine] ring system. PEN-A caused depletion of multiple Hsp90 client proteins without induction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Subsequently, it induced apoptosis and inhibited xerograph tumor growth of HCT116 cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism studies showed that PEN-A was bound to C-terminus of Hsp90 at the binding site different from ATP binding domain. Therefore, it inhibited dimerization of Hsp90 C-terminus, depolymerization of ADH protein by C-terminus of Hsp90, and interaction of co-chaperones with Hsp90. These inhibitory effects of PEN-A were similar to those of novobiocin, an inhibitor binding to interaction site for ATP of C-terminus of Hsp90. Furthermore, our study revealed that disulfide bond was essential moiety for inhibition activity of PEN-A on Hsp90. This suggested that PEN-A may be bound to cysteine residues near amino acid region which was responsible for dimerization of Hsp90. All results indicate that PEN-A is a novel C-terminal inhibitor of Hsp90 and worthy for further study in the future not only for drug development but also for unraveling the bioactivities of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Bagheri G, Rezaee R, Tsarouhas K, Docea AO, Shahraki J, Shahriari M, Wilks MF, Jahantigh H, Tabrizian K, Moghadam AA, Bagheri S, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Hashemzaei M. Magnesium sulfate ameliorates carbon monoxide‑induced cerebral injury in male rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1032-1039. [PMID: 30569139 PMCID: PMC6323247 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to induce several cardiovascular abnormalities, as well as necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain. Magnesium sulfate (MS) has been shown to have beneficial activities against hypoxia in the brain. In the present study, the possible protective effects of MS against CO‑induced cerebral ischemia were investigated. For this purpose, 25 male Wistar rats were exposed to 3,000 ppm CO for 1 h. The animals were divided into 5 groups (n=5 in each group) as follows: The negative control group (not exposed to CO), the positive control group (CO exposed and treated with normal saline), and 3 groups of CO‑exposed rats treated with MS (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day) administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. On the 5th day, the animals were sacrificed and the brains were harvested for the evaluation of necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Histopathological evaluation revealed that MS reduced the number and intensity of necrotic insults. The Bax/Bcl2 ratio and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in a dose‑dependent manner in the MS‑treated rats compared to the positive control group, while a significant dose‑dependent increase in Akt expression, a pro‑survival protein, was observed. In addition, MS administration reduced pro‑apoptotic indice levels, ameliorated histological insults, favorably modulated oxidative status and increased Akt expression levels, indicating a possible neuroprotective effect in the case of CO poisoning. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that MS may prove to be useful in protecting against CO‑induced cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bagheri
- Department of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177948564 Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Jafar Shahraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
| | - Malihe Shahriari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
| | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, CH‑4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hosseinali Jahantigh
- Department of Pathology, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
| | - Kaveh Tabrizian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi Moghadam
- Department of Cardiology, Emam Reza Educational Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9137913316 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bagheri
- Department of Biostatisics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881 Zabol, Iran
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Xu X, Zhu Q, Niu F, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang W, Sun D, Wang X, Wang A. A2BAR activation attenuates acute lung injury by inhibiting alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C558-C570. [PMID: 29898376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00294.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial barrier of the lung is destroyed during acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Therefore, treatments that block AEC apoptosis might be a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate ALI. Based on recent evidence, A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) plays an important role in ALI in several different animal models, but its exact function in AECs has not been clarified. We investigated the role of A2BAR in AEC apoptosis in a mouse model of oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI and in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AEC (A549 cells and MLE-12 cells) injury. Mice treated with BAY60-6583, a selective A2BAR agonist, showed lower AEC apoptosis rates than mice treated with OA. However, the role of BAY60-6583 in OA-induced ALI was attenuated by a specific blocker of A2BAR, PSB1115. A2BAR activation decreased H2O2-induced cell apoptosis in vitro, as characterized by the translocation of apoptotic proteins, the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). In addition, apoptosis was required for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK. Importantly, compared with cells transfected with the A2BAR-siRNA, an ERK inhibitor or p38 inhibitor exhibited decreased apoptotic ratios and cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP-1 levels, whereas the JNK inhibitor displayed increases in these parameters. In conclusion, A2BAR activation effectively attenuated OA-induced ALI by inhibiting AEC apoptosis and mitigated H2O2-induced AEC injury by suppressing the p38 and ERK1/2-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Cai L, Li CM, Tang WJ, Liu MM, Chen WN, Qiu YY, Li R. Therapeutic Effect of Penta-acetyl Geniposide on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Involvement of Inducing Synovial Apoptosis and Inhibiting NF-κB Signal Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:2184-2195. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bui KT, Cooper WA, Kao S, Boyer M. Targeted Molecular Treatments in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Clinical Guide for Oncologists. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E192. [PMID: 30065223 PMCID: PMC6111731 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted molecular treatments have changed the way non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is managed. Epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor (EGFR),anaplasticlymphomakinase (ALK),v-rafmurine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), and c-rosoncogene 1 (ROS1) mutations are now used to guide specific anti-cancer therapies to improve patient outcomes. New targeted molecular treatments are constantly being developed and evaluated as a means to improve efficacy, overcome resistance, or minimise toxicity. This review article summarises the current evidence for the efficacy, resistance mechanisms, and safety of targeted molecular treatments against specific mutations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Tam Bui
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road Camperdown, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia.
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 50 Missenden Road Camperdown, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Steven Kao
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road Camperdown, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 50 Missenden Road Camperdown, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Michael Boyer
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road Camperdown, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 50 Missenden Road Camperdown, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Zhu J, Cai Y, Xu K, Ren X, Sun J, Lu S, Chen J, Xu P. Beclin1 overexpression suppresses tumor cell proliferation and survival via an autophagy‑dependent pathway in human synovial sarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1927-1936. [PMID: 30066884 PMCID: PMC6111547 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin1 is an important autophagy‑related prot-ein, which is involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. In recent years, the antitumor effect of Beclin1 has received increased attention. In the present study, we established a stable Beclin1‑overexpressing cell line with SW982 human synovial sarcoma cells. We found that Beclin1 overexpression decreased the cell viability, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SW982 cells. The expression levels of Bcl‑2 and PCNA were decreased, while the levels of cleaved‑caspase‑3 and cleaved‑PARP were increased. Beclin1 is closely related with autophagy, thus the autophagy‑related markers LC3 and p62 were detected by western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes. The results showed that the expression level of LC3II was increased and that of p62 was decreased. Moreover, many double membrane‑enclosed autophagosomes were found in cells with Beclin1 overexpression, which indicated that the autophagic activity was enhanced. To explore the effect of autophagy on the viability of SW982 cells, Atg5 was knocked down using siRNA to inhibit the autophagic activity. We found that autophagy contributed to the decrease in cell viability. Knockdown of Atg5 increased the viability and decreased the apoptotic rate of SW982 cells with Beclin1 overexpression. The expression level of Bcl‑2 was increased, while the expression levels of cleaved‑caspase‑3 and cleaved‑PARP were decreased. We also found that the Akt/Bcl‑2/caspase‑9 pathway was involved. The phosphorylation of AKT was positively correlated with cell viability. The cleavage of caspase‑9 was increased by Beclin1 overexpression and decreased by inhibition of autophagy. Altogether, our results suggested that both autophagy and apoptosis contributed to the antitumor effect of Beclin1 in SW982 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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Gendron FP, Placet M, Arguin G. P2Y 2 Receptor Functions in Cancer: A Perspective in the Context of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1051:91-106. [PMID: 28815512 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling has recently emerged as a network of signaling molecules, enzymes and receptors that coordinates the action and behavior of cancerous cells. Extracellular adenosine 5' triphosphate activates a plethora of P2 nucleotide receptors that can putatively modulate cancer cell proliferation, survival and dissemination. In this context, the G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor was identified as one of the entities coordinating the cellular and molecular events that characterize cancerous cells. In this chapter, we will look at the contribution of the P2Y2 receptor in cancer outcomes and use this information to demonstrate that the P2Y2 receptor represents a drug target of interest in the setting of colorectal cancer, for which the role and function of this receptor is poorly defined. More particularly, we will review how the P2Y2 receptor modulates cancer cell proliferation and survival, while promoting cell dissemination and formation of metastases. Finally, we will investigate how the P2Y2 receptor can contribute to the detrimental development of drug resistance that is often observed in cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Morgane Placet
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Arguin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Wu Y, Gao WN, Xue YN, Zhang LC, Zhang JJ, Lu SY, Yan XY, Yu HM, Su J, Sun LK. SIRT3 aggravates metformin-induced energy stress and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:137-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen J, Hao Y, Chen J, Huang L, Ao W, Yang J, Li L, Heng J, Chen Z, Liang W, Hao X, Gao W. Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma 6-10B cell line via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1205-1211. [PMID: 30061942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) on proliferation, migration and invasion in the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 6-10B cell line, and to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Using a lentiviral transfection method, a virus carrying the CSF-1R gene was transfected into 6-10B cells. The expression of CSF-1R was then detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, and was revealed to be markedly enhanced in 6-10B cells. Subsequently, an MTT assay was performed to assess cell proliferative ability, and flow cytometric analysis was utilized to measure the apoptotic rate of the cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were also performed to observe cell migration and invasion capabilities. Additionally, western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of the proliferation and apoptosis signaling factors cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and phosphorylated and total extracellular protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) in 6-10B cells. The results showed that CSF-1R overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of the 6-10B cells. The corresponding mechanism may be associated with activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, which promotes cell survival and proliferation. These results indicated a potential molecular target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Hao
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ao
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Junping Heng
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohon Chen
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Wuqing Liang
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hao
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Cancer Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530000, P.R. China
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Song S, Carr SG, McDermott KM, Rodriguez M, Babicheva A, Balistrieri A, Ayon RJ, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. STIM2 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 2)-Mediated Increase in Resting Cytosolic Free Ca 2+ Concentration Stimulates PASMC Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Hypertension 2018; 71:518-529. [PMID: 29358461 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) triggers pulmonary vasoconstriction and stimulates PASMC proliferation leading to vascular wall thickening. Here, we report that STIM2 (stromal interaction molecule 2), a Ca2+ sensor in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, is required for raising the resting [Ca2+]cyt in PASMCs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and activating signaling cascades that stimulate PASMC proliferation and inhibit PASMC apoptosis. Downregulation of STIM2 in PAH-PASMCs reduces the resting [Ca2+]cyt, whereas overexpression of STIM2 in normal PASMCs increases the resting [Ca2+]cyt The increased resting [Ca2+]cyt in PAH-PASMCs is associated with enhanced phosphorylation (p) of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), and AKT, increased NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cell) nuclear translocation, and elevated level of Ki67 (a marker of cell proliferation). Furthermore, the STIM2-associated increase in the resting [Ca2+]cyt also upregulates the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in PAH-PASMCs. Downregulation of STIM2 in PAH-PASMCs with siRNA (1) decreases the level of pCREB, pSTAT3, and pAKT and inhibits NFAT nuclear translocation, thereby attenuating proliferation, and (2) decreases Bcl-2, which leads to an increase of apoptosis. In summary, these data indicate that upregulated STIM2 in PAH-PASMCs, by raising the resting [Ca2+]cyt, contributes to enhancing PASMC proliferation by activating the CREB, STAT3, AKT, and NFAT signaling pathways and stimulating PASMC proliferation. The STIM2-associated increase in the resting [Ca2+]cyt is also involved in upregulating Bcl-2 that makes PAH-PASMCs resistant to apoptosis, and thus plays an important role in sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Shane G Carr
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Kimberly M McDermott
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Jian Wang
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Ayako Makino
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- From the Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S., S.G.C., K.M.M., M.R., A. Babicheva, A. Balistrieri, R.J.A., J.W., A.M., J.X.-J.Y.) and Department of Physiology (A.M., J.X.-J.Y.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson.
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Ke R, Xu Q, Li C, Luo L, Huang D. Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:384-392. [PMID: 29205673 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of cellular energy change and is activated by increased AMP/ATP and/or ADP/ATP ratios. AMPK maintains the energy balance by decreasing the ATP-consuming processes such as transcription of synthetic fat genes and rRNA, the translation of ribosomal proteins, synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid, while the metabolic pathways such as glucose and fatty transport, fatty acid oxidation, autophagy, mitochondrial synthesis and oxidative metabolism are increased to preserve ATP during energy deficiency. Recent advance has demonstrated that AMPK activity has a close association with the initiation and progression in various cancers. Here we review the mechanisms that AMPK controls energy metabolism through regulating ATP synthesis and consumption, and further discuss the deregulation of AMPK in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qicao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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