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Zou Y, Liu C, Wang Z, Li G, Xiao J. Neural and immune roles in osteoarthritis pain: Mechanisms and intervention strategies. J Orthop Translat 2024; 48:123-132. [PMID: 39220678 PMCID: PMC11363721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is the leading symptom for most individuals with osteoarthritis (OA), a complex condition marked by joint discomfort. Recently, the dynamic interplay between the nervous and immune systems has become a focal point for understanding pain regulation. Despite this, there is still a substantial gap in our comprehensive understanding of the neuroimmune interactions and their effects on pain in OA. This review examines the bidirectional influences between immune cells and nerves in OA progression. It explores current approaches that target neuroimmune pathways, including promoting M2 macrophage polarization and specific neuronal receptor targeting, for effective pain reduction. Translational potential statement This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying the interplay between the immune system and nervous system during the progression of OA, as well as their contributions to pain. Additionally, it compiles existing intervention strategies targeting neuroimmunity for the treatment of OA pain. This information offers valuable insights for researchers seeking to address the challenge of OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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2
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Xu M, Zhu M, Qin Q, Xing X, Archer M, Ramesh S, Cherief M, Li Z, Levi B, Clemens TL, James AW. Neuronal regulation of bone and tendon injury repair: a focused review. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:1045-1060. [PMID: 38836494 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Beyond the sensation of pain, peripheral nerves have been shown to play crucial roles in tissue regeneration and repair. As a highly innervated organ, bone can recover from injury without scar formation, making it an interesting model in which to study the role of nerves in tissue regeneration. As a comparison, tendon is a musculoskeletal tissue that is hypo-innervated, with repair often resulting in scar formation. Here, we reviewed the significance of innervation in 3 stages of injury repair (inflammatory, reparative, and remodeling) in 2 commonly injured musculoskeletal tissues: bone and tendon. Based on this focused review, we conclude that peripheral innervation is essential for phases of proper bone and tendon repair, and that nerves may dynamically regulate the repair process through interactions with the injury microenvironment via a variety of neuropeptides or neurotransmitters. A deeper understanding of neuronal regulation of musculoskeletal repair, and the crosstalk between nerves and the musculoskeletal system, will enable the development of future therapies for tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Mary Archer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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3
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Kriska T, Natarajan J, Herrnreiter A, Park SK, Pfister SL, Thomas MJ, Widiapradja A, Levick SP, Campbell WB. Cellular metabolism of substance P produces neurokinin-1 receptor peptide agonists with diminished cyclic AMP signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C151-C167. [PMID: 38798270 PMCID: PMC11371325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00103.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is released from sensory nerves in the arteries and heart. It activates neurokinin-1 receptors (NK1Rs) causing vasodilation, immune modulation, and adverse cardiac remodeling. The hypothesis was tested: SP and SP metabolites activate different second messenger signaling pathways. Macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts metabolized SP to N- and C-terminal metabolites to varying extents. SP 5-11 was the most abundant metabolite followed by SP 1-4, SP 7-11, SP 6-11, SP 3-11, and SP 8-11. In NK1R-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, SP and some C-terminal SP metabolites stimulate the NK1R, promoting the dissociation of several Gα proteins, including Gαs and Gαq from their βγ subunits. SP increases intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca]i) and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation with similar -log EC50 values of 8.5 ± 0.3 and 7.8 ± 0.1 M, respectively. N-terminal metabolism of SP by up to five amino acids and C-terminal deamidation of SP produce peptides that retain activity to increase [Ca]i but not to increase cAMP. C-terminal metabolism results in the loss of both activities. Thus, [Ca]i and cAMP signaling are differentially affected by SP metabolism. To assess the role of N-terminal metabolism, SP and SP 6-11 were compared with cAMP-mediated activities in NK1R-expressing 3T3 fibroblasts. SP inhibits nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity, cell proliferation, and wound healing and stimulates collagen production. SP 6-11 had little or no activity. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is increased by SP but not by SP 6-11. Thus, metabolism may select the cellular response to SP by inhibiting or redirecting the second messenger signaling pathway activated by the NK1R.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts metabolize substance P (SP) to N- and C-terminal metabolites with SP 5-11 as the most abundant metabolite. SP activates neurokinin-1 receptors to increase intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP. In contrast, SP metabolites of N-terminal metabolism and C-terminal deamidation retain the ability to increase calcium but lose the ability to increase cyclic AMP. These new insights indicate that the metabolism of SP directs cellular functions by regulating specific signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kriska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jayashree Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anja Herrnreiter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sandra L Pfister
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alexander Widiapradja
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, Virginia, United States
| | - Scott P Levick
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, Virginia, United States
| | - William B Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Bernardette Martínez-Rizo A, Fosado-Rodríguez R, César Torres-Romero J, César Lara-Riegos J, Alberto Ramírez-Camacho M, Ly Arroyo Herrera A, Elizabeth Villa de la Torre F, Ceballos Góngora E, Ermilo Arana-Argáez V. Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112292. [PMID: 38788446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions are among the principal causes of morbidity worldwide, and their treatment continues to be a challenge, given the restricted availability of effective and safe drugs. Thus, the identification of new compounds with biological activity that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders is an essential field in medical and health research, in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs requires the implementation of models that accurately depict the biochemical and/or physiological responses that characterize human inflammation; for this reason, several in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, providing a platform for discovering novel or repurposed compounds. For this reason, in the present review we have selected twelve commonly used models for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, and extensively describes the difference between in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. On the other hand, the inflammatory mechanisms involved in them, the methods employed for their establishment, and the different parameters assessed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of a given compound are extensively discussed. We expect to provide a comprehensive guide for the improved selection of a suitable model for the preclinical evaluation of plausible anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Bernardette Martínez-Rizo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México; Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, México
| | - Ricardo Fosado-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Lara-Riegos
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mario Alberto Ramírez-Camacho
- Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Ly Arroyo Herrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Emanuel Ceballos Góngora
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor Ermilo Arana-Argáez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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5
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Ye Y, Cheng H, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang LD, Tang J. Macrophage: A key player in neuropathic pain. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:326-339. [PMID: 38661566 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2344170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between macrophages and neuropathic pain has flourished in the past two decades. It has long been believed that macrophages are strong immune effector cells that play well-established roles in tissue homeostasis and lesions, such as promoting the initiation and progression of tissue injury and improving wound healing and tissue remodeling in a variety of pathogenesis-related diseases. They are also heterogeneous and versatile cells that can switch phenotypically/functionally in response to the micro-environment signals. Apart from microglia (resident macrophages of both the spinal cord and brain), which are required for the neuropathic pain processing of the CNS, neuropathic pain signals in PNS are influenced by the interaction of tissue-resident macrophages and BM infiltrating macrophages with primary afferent neurons. And the current review looks at new evidence that suggests sexual dimorphism in neuropathic pain are caused by variations in the immune system, notably macrophages, rather than the neurological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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6
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Wang S, Kahale F, Naderi A, Surico PL, Yin J, Dohlman T, Chen Y, Dana R. Therapeutic Effects of Stimulating the Melanocortin Pathway in Regulating Ocular Inflammation and Cell Death. Biomolecules 2024; 14:169. [PMID: 38397406 PMCID: PMC10886905 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its binding receptors (the melanocortin receptors) play important roles in maintaining ocular tissue integrity and immune homeostasis. Particularly extensive studies have demonstrated the biological functions of α-MSH in both immunoregulation and cyto-protection. This review summarizes the current knowledge of both the physiological and pathological roles of α-MSH and its receptors in the eye. We focus on recent developments in the biology of α-MSH and the relevant clinical implications in treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Francesca Kahale
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Amirreza Naderi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Jia Yin
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Thomas Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.W.); (F.K.); (A.N.); (P.L.S.); (J.Y.); (T.D.)
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7
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Wu J, Xiong W, Li J, Liao H, Chai J, Huang X, Lai S, Kozlov S, Chu X, Xu X. Peptide TK-HR from the Skin of Chinese Folk Medicine Frog Hoplobatrachus Rugulosus Accelerates Wound Healing via the Activation of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16002-16017. [PMID: 38015459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process and remains a considerable challenge in clinical trials due to the lack of ideal therapeutic drugs. Here, a new peptide TK-HR identified from the skin of the frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus was tested for its ability to heal cutaneous wounds in mice. Topical application of TK-HR at doses of 50-200 μg/mL significantly accelerated wound closure without causing any adverse effects in the animals. In vitro and in vivo investigations proved the regulatory role of the peptide on neutrophils, macrophages, keratinocytes, and vein endothelial cells involved in the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing. Notably, TK-HR activated the MAPK and TGF-β-Smad signaling pathways by acting on NK1R in RAW264.7 cells and mice. The current work has identified that TK-HR is a potent wound healing regulator that can be applied for the treatment of wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers and infected wounds, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiao Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Hang Liao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shian Lai
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Sergey Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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Xiao Z, Zhang Y, She Y, Yuan G, Yang G. IPO7 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in human dental pulp cells via p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:116-126. [PMID: 37769576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulpitis is a chronic inflammatory process that greatly affects the physical, mental health and life quality of patients. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) are essential components of dental pulp tissue and play a significant role in pulpitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an initiator of pulpitis and can induce the production of inflammatory cytokines in hDPCs by activating p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Importin7 (IPO7), a member of the importin-β family, is widely expressed in many tissues. Previous studies have shown that IPO7 mediated nuclear translocation of p-p38 after stimulation, and IPO7 homologous protein IPO8 participated in human dental pulp inflammation. This research aims to investigate whether IPO7 is involved in pulpitis and explore its underlying mechanisms. In the current study, we found the expression of IPO7 was increased in pulpitis tissue. In vitro, hDPCs treated with LPS to mimic the inflammatory environment, the expression of IPO7 was increased. Knockdown of IPO7 significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Activating the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by the p38 activator and p65 activator reversed the inflammatory responses. IPO7 interacted with p-p38 under LPS stimulation in hDPCs. In addition, the increased binding between IPO7 and p-p38 is associated with the decreased binding ability of IPO7 to Sirt2. In conclusion, we found that IPO7 was highly expressed in pulpitis and played a vital role in modulating human dental pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yawei She
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Guohua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Guobin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
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9
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Chen J, Ye P, Gu R, Zhu H, He W, Mu X, Wu X, Pang H, Han F, Nie X. Neuropeptide substance P: A promising regulator of wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115736. [PMID: 37549795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past, neuropeptide substance P (SP) was predominantly recognized as a neuroinflammatory factor, while its potent healing activity was overlooked. This paper aims to review the regulatory characteristics of neuropeptide SP in both normal and diabetic wound healing. SP actively in the regulation of wound healing-related cells directly and indirectly, exhibiting robust inflammatory properties, promoting cell proliferation and migration and restoring the activity and paracrine ability of skin cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, SP not only regulates healing-related cells but also orchestrates the immune environment, thereby presenting unique and promising application prospects in wound intervention. As new SP-based preparations are being explored, SP-related drugs are poised to become an effective therapeutic intervention for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Penghui Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- University Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenjie He
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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10
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Menon N, Kishen A. Nociceptor-Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 37627258 PMCID: PMC10452348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
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11
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Assis DV, Campos ACP, Paschoa AFN, Santos TF, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Systemic and Peripheral Mechanisms of Cortical Stimulation-Induced Analgesia and Refractoriness in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097796. [PMID: 37175503 PMCID: PMC10177944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is an effective treatment for refractory neuropathic pain; however, some individuals are unresponsive. In this study, we correlated the effectiveness of MCS and refractoriness with the expression of cytokines, neurotrophins, and nociceptive mediators in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), sciatic nerve, and plasma of rats with sciatic neuropathy. MCS inhibited hyperalgesia and allodynia in two-thirds of the animals (responsive group), and one-third did not respond (refractory group). Chronic constriction injury (CCI) increased IL-1β in the nerve and DRG, inhibited IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A in the nerve, decreased β-endorphin, and enhanced substance P in the plasma, compared to the control. Responsive animals showed decreased NGF and increased IL-6 in the nerve, accompanied by restoration of local IL-10 and IL-17A and systemic β-endorphin. Refractory animals showed increased TNF-α and decreased IFNγ in the nerve, along with decreased TNF-α and IL-17A in the DRG, maintaining low levels of systemic β-endorphin. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of MCS depends on local control of inflammatory and neurotrophic changes, accompanied by recovery of the opioidergic system observed in neuropathic conditions. So, understanding the refractoriness to MCS may guide an improvement in the efficacy of the technique, thus benefiting patients with persistent neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V Assis
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda F N Paschoa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita F Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05402-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
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12
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Hanč P, Messou MA, Wang Y, von Andrian UH. Control of myeloid cell functions by nociceptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127571. [PMID: 37006298 PMCID: PMC10064072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from infectious agents, parasites, and tumor growth, and to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. Similarly, the primary function of the somatosensory branch of the peripheral nervous system is to collect and interpret sensory information about the environment, allowing the organism to react to or avoid situations that could otherwise have deleterious effects. Consequently, a teleological argument can be made that it is of advantage for the two systems to cooperate and form an “integrated defense system” that benefits from the unique strengths of both subsystems. Indeed, nociceptors, sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli and elicit the sensation of pain or itch, exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities. Depending on the context and the cellular identity of their communication partners, nociceptors can play both pro- or anti-inflammatory roles, promote tissue repair or aggravate inflammatory damage, improve resistance to pathogens or impair their clearance. In light of such variability, it is not surprising that the full extent of interactions between nociceptors and the immune system remains to be established. Nonetheless, the field of peripheral neuroimmunology is advancing at a rapid pace, and general rules that appear to govern the outcomes of such neuroimmune interactions are beginning to emerge. Thus, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of the interaction between nociceptors and, specifically, the myeloid cells of the innate immune system, while pointing out some of the outstanding questions and unresolved controversies in the field. We focus on such interactions within the densely innervated barrier tissues, which can serve as points of entry for infectious agents and, where known, highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hanč
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
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13
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Al-Keilani MS, Bdeir R, Elstaty RI, Alqudah MA. Expression of substance P, neurokinin 1 receptor, Ki-67 and pyruvate kinase M2 in hormone receptor negative breast cancer and evaluation of impact on overall survival. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:158. [PMID: 36797689 PMCID: PMC9936699 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, and it can be stimulated by many factors. Substance P (SP), through binding to neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) play critical roles in cancer development and progression via modulating the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of SP and PKM2 in combination with NK1R and Ki-67 in hormone receptor negative (HR-ve) breast cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression levels of SP, NK1R, PKM2, and Ki-67 were measured in 144 paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues (77 h -ve and 67 h + ve). SP, NK1R, and PKM2 were scored semiquantitatively, while Ki-67 was obtained by the percentage of total number of tumor cells with nuclear staining. The optimal cutoff value for SP, NK1R, PKM2, and Ki-67 were assessed by Cutoff Finder. RESULTS High SP expression in HR -ve breast cancer was associated with TNM stage (p = 0.020), pT stage (p = 0.035), pN stage (p = 0.002), axillary lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003), and NK1R expression level (p = 0.010). In HR + ve breast cancer, SP expression was associated with HER2 status (p = 0.001) and PKM2 expression level (p = 0.012). Regarding PKM2 expression level, it significantly associated with HER2 status (p = 0.001) and history of DCIS (p = 0.046) in HR-ve tumors, and with HER2 status (p < 0.001) and SP expression level (p = 0.012) in HR + ve tumors. Survival analysis revealed that high SP level negatively impacted overall survival in HR-ve tumors that had low NK1R level (p = 0.021). Moreover, high SP negatively impacted overall survival in HR-ve tumors that had low Ki-67 level (p = 0.005). High PKM2 negatively impacted overall survival in HR-ve cases with low SP (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Combined expression levels of SP with NK1R or Ki-67, and PKM2 with SP could be used to predict survival in breast cancer patients with HR-ve tumors. Our findings suggest a role of SP/NK1R pathway and PKM2 in HR-ve breast cancer pathogenesis which should be further investigated to unveil the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S Al-Keilani
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, 22110, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Roba Bdeir
- College of Nursing, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, P.O. Box 206, Salt, Jordan
| | - Rana I Elstaty
- College of Science and Art, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, 22110, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Alqudah
- College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, 13133, Zarqa, Jordan
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Cuitavi J, Torres-Pérez JV, Lorente JD, Campos-Jurado Y, Andrés-Herrera P, Polache A, Agustín-Pavón C, Hipólito L. Crosstalk between Mu-Opioid receptors and neuroinflammation: Consequences for drug addiction and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:105011. [PMID: 36565942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mu-Opioid Receptors (MORs) are well-known for participating in analgesia, sedation, drug addiction, and other physiological functions. Although MORs have been related to neuroinflammation their biological mechanism remains unclear. It is suggested that MORs work alongside Toll-Like Receptors to enhance the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines during pathological conditions. Some cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, have been postulated to regulate MORs levels by both avoiding MOR recycling and enhancing its production. In addition, Neurokinin-1 Receptor, also affected during neuroinflammation, could be regulating MOR trafficking. Therefore, inflammation in the central nervous system seems to be associated with altered/increased MORs expression, which might regulate harmful processes, such as drug addiction and pain. Here, we provide a critical evaluation on MORs' role during neuroinflammation and its implication for these conditions. Understanding MORs' functioning, their regulation and implications on drug addiction and pain may help elucidate their potential therapeutic use against these pathological conditions and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cuitavi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Jose Vicente Torres-Pérez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jesús David Lorente
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yolanda Campos-Jurado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Paula Andrés-Herrera
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana Polache
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carmen Agustín-Pavón
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Lucía Hipólito
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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15
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Starobova H, Alshammari A, Winkler IG, Vetter I. The role of the neuronal microenvironment in sensory function and pain pathophysiology. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36394416 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of pain and the at times low efficacy of current treatments represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Effective treatment strategies require consideration of the diverse pathophysiologies that underlie various pain conditions. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to aberrant sensory neuron function has advanced considerably. However, sensory neurons operate in a complex dynamic microenvironment that is controlled by multidirectional interactions of neurons with non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, neuronal accessory cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. Each of these cells constitute and control the microenvironment in which neurons operate, inevitably influencing sensory function and the pathology of pain. This review highlights the importance of the neuronal microenvironment for sensory function and pain, focusing on cellular interactions in the skin, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which neurons and non-neuronal cells communicate to promote or resolve pain, and how this knowledge could be used for the development of mechanism-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Alshammari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Zhang W, Lyu M, Bessman NJ, Xie Z, Arifuzzaman M, Yano H, Parkhurst CN, Chu C, Zhou L, Putzel GG, Li TT, Jin WB, Zhou J, Hu H, Tsou AM, Guo CJ, Artis D. Gut-innervating nociceptors regulate the intestinal microbiota to promote tissue protection. Cell 2022; 185:4170-4189.e20. [PMID: 36240781 PMCID: PMC9617796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptive pain is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, whether pain-sensing neurons influence intestinal inflammation remains poorly defined. Employing chemogenetic silencing, adenoviral-mediated colon-specific silencing, and pharmacological ablation of TRPV1+ nociceptors, we observed more severe inflammation and defective tissue-protective reparative processes in a murine model of intestinal damage and inflammation. Disrupted nociception led to significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota and a transmissible dysbiosis, while mono-colonization of germ-free mice with Gram+Clostridium spp. promoted intestinal tissue protection through a nociceptor-dependent pathway. Mechanistically, disruption of nociception resulted in decreased levels of substance P, and therapeutic delivery of substance P promoted tissue-protective effects exerted by TRPV1+ nociceptors in a microbiota-dependent manner. Finally, dysregulated nociceptor gene expression was observed in intestinal biopsies from IBD patients. Collectively, these findings indicate an evolutionarily conserved functional link between nociception, the intestinal microbiota, and the restoration of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mengze Lyu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zili Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher N Parkhurst
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Coco Chu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jordan Zhou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy M Tsou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Gheorghe RO, Grosu AV, Bica-Popi M, Ristoiu V. The Yin/Yang Balance of Communication between Sensory Neurons and Macrophages in Traumatic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012389. [PMID: 36293246 PMCID: PMC9603877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain is a complex syndrome caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. Secondary to the lesion, resident or infiltrating macrophages proliferate and initiate a cross-talk with the sensory neurons, at the level of peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia. The neuron–macrophage interaction, which starts very early after the lesion, is very important for promoting pain development and for initiating changes that will facilitate the chronicization of pain, but it also has the potential to facilitate the resolution of injury-induced changes and, consequently, promote the reduction of pain. This review is an overview of the unique characteristics of nerve-associated macrophages in the peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia and of the molecules and signaling pathways involved in the neuro-immune cross-talk after a traumatic lesion, with the final aim of better understanding how the balance between pro- and anti-nociceptive dialogue between neurons and macrophages may be modulated for new therapeutic approaches.
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18
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Ronca SE, Gunter SM, Kairis RB, Lino A, Romero J, Pautler RG, Nimmo A, Murray KO. A Potential Role for Substance P in West Nile Virus Neuropathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091961. [PMID: 36146768 PMCID: PMC9503494 DOI: 10.3390/v14091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Of individuals who develop West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), ~10% will die and >40% will develop long-term complications. Current treatment recommendations solely focus on supportive care; therefore, we urgently need to identify novel and effective therapeutic options. We observed a correlation between substance P (SP), a key player in neuroinflammation, and its receptor Neurokinin-1 (NK1R). Our study in a wild-type BL6 mouse model found that SP is upregulated in the brain during infection, which correlated with neuroinvasion and damage to the blood−brain barrier. Blocking the SP/NK1R interaction beginning at disease onset modestly improved survival and prolonged time to death in a small pilot study. Although SP is significantly increased in the brain of untreated WNND mice when compared to mock-infected animals, levels of WNV are unchanged, indicating that SP likely does not play a role in viral replication but may mediate the immune response to infection. Additional studies are necessary to define if SP plays a mechanistic role or if it represents other mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Ronca
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.); (K.O.M.)
| | - Sarah M. Gunter
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Berry Kairis
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison Lino
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robia G. Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alan Nimmo
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics and College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.); (K.O.M.)
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19
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Puri S, Kenyon BM, Hamrah P. Immunomodulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1985. [PMID: 36009532 PMCID: PMC9406019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea along with its dense sensory innervation and resident leukocyte populations make it an ideal tissue to study interactions between the nervous and immune systems. The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the body and possesses both immune and vascular privilege, in part due to its unique repertoire of resident immune cells. Corneal nerves produce various neuropeptides that have a wide range of functions on immune cells. As research in this area expands, further insights are made into the role of neuropeptides and their immunomodulatory functions in the healthy and diseased cornea. Much remains to be known regarding the details of neuropeptide signaling and how it contributes to pathophysiology, which is likely due to complex interactions among neuropeptides, receptor isoform-specific signaling events, and the inflammatory microenvironment in disease. However, progress in this area has led to an increase in studies that have begun modulating neuropeptide activity for the treatment of corneal diseases with promising results, necessitating the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. This review focuses on the role of neuropeptides in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface, alterations in disease settings, and the possible therapeutic potential of targeting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brendan M. Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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20
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Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly controlled pain, thus new or improved treatments are desperately needed. One major challenge in pain research is the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical practice. The local neuroimmune interface plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain and is therefore a promising target for novel therapeutic development. Neurons interface with immune and immunocompetent cells in many distinct microenvironments along the nociceptive circuitry. The local neuroimmune interface can modulate the activity and property of the neurons to affect peripheral and central sensitization. In this review, we highlight a specific subset of many neuroimmune interfaces. In the central nervous system, we examine the interface between neurons and microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. In the periphery, we profile the interface between neurons in the dorsal root ganglion with T lymphocytes, satellite glial cells, and macrophages. To bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical practice, we review the preclinical studies of each neuroimmune interface, discuss current clinical treatments in pain medicine that may exert its action at the neuroimmune interface, and highlight opportunities for future clinical research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Shinoda M, Hitomi S, Iwata K, Hayashi Y. Plastic changes in nociceptive pathways contributing to persistent orofacial pain. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:263-270. [PMID: 35840073 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a warning signal for the body defense mechanisms and is a critical sensation for supporting life. However, orofacial pain is not a vital sensation, but a disease. However, there are still many unclear points about the pathophysiological mechanism of orofacial pain. This situation makes it difficult for many clinicians to treat orofacial pain hypersensitivity. HIGHLIGHT Noxious information on the orofacial region received by trigeminal ganglion neurons is recognized as "orofacial pain" by being transmitted to the somatosensory cortex and limbic system via the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the thalamic sensory nuclei. Orofacial inflammation or trigeminal nerve injury causes neuropathic changes in various nociceptive signaling pathways, resulting in persistent orofacial pain. It is considered that persistent oral facial pain is triggered by plastic changes in nociceptive signaling pathways involving various cells such as satellite glial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages, as well as nociceptive neurons. CONCLUSION Recent studies have shown that hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in the nociceptive signaling pathways of the orofacial region caused by a variety of factors causes persistent orofacial pain. This review outlines the pathophysiology of orofacial pain along with the results of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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22
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Modulating the tachykinin: Role of substance P and neurokinin receptor expression in ocular surface disorders. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:142-153. [PMID: 35779793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin expressed by various cells in the nervous and immune systems. SP is predominantly released by neurons and exerts its biological and immunological effects through the neurokinin receptors, primarily the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). SP is essential for maintaining ocular surface homeostasis, and its reduced levels in disorders like diabetic neuropathy disrupt the corneal tissue. It also plays an essential role in promoting corneal wound healing by promoting the migration of keratocytes. In this review, we briefly discuss the structure, expression, and function of SP and its principal receptor NK1R. In addition, SP induces pro-inflammatory effects through autocrine or paracrine action on the immune cells in various ocular surface pathologies, including dry eye disease, herpes simplex virus keratitis, and Pseudomonas keratitis. We provide an in-depth review of the pathogenic role of SP in various ocular surface diseases and several new approaches developed to counter the immune-mediated effects of SP either through modulating its production or blocking its target receptor.
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23
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Xie X, Geng C, Li X, Liao J, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang C. Roles of gastrointestinal polypeptides in intestinal barrier regulation. Peptides 2022; 151:170753. [PMID: 35114316 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a dynamic entity that is organized as a multilayer system and includes various intracellular and extracellular elements. The gut barrier functions in a coordinated manner to impede the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbiome components and simultaneously preserves the balanced development of the epithelial barrier and the immune system and the acquisition of tolerance to dietary antigens and intestinal pathogens.Numerous scientific studies have shown a significant association between gut barrier damage and gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and hepatic fibrosis. Various internal and external factors regulate the intestinal barrier. Gastrointestinal peptides originate from enteroendocrine cells in the luminal digestive tract and are critical gut barrier regulators. Recent studies have demonstrated that gastrointestinal peptides have a therapeutic effect on digestive tract diseases, enhancing epithelial barrier activity and restoring the gut barrier. This review demonstrates the roles and mechanisms of gastrointestinal polypeptides, especially somatostatin (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), in intestinal barrier regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Vasconcelos DP, Jabangwe C, Lamghari M, Alves CJ. The Neuroimmune Interplay in Joint Pain: The Role of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812962. [PMID: 35355986 PMCID: PMC8959978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain associated with joint disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and implant aseptic loosening (AL), is a highly debilitating symptom that impacts mobility and quality of life in affected patients. The neuroimmune crosstalk has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the onset and establishment of chronic pain conditions. Immune cells release cytokines and immune mediators that can activate and sensitize nociceptors evoking pain, through interaction with receptors in the sensory nerve terminals. On the other hand, sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers release neurotransmitters that bind to their specific receptor expressed on surface of immune cells, initiating an immunomodulatory role. Macrophages have been shown to be key players in the neuroimmune crosstalk. Moreover, macrophages constitute the dominant immune cell population in RA, OA and AL. Importantly, the targeting of macrophages can result in anti-nociceptive effects in chronic pain conditions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the nature and impact of the interaction between the inflammatory response and nerve fibers in these joint disorders regarding the genesis and maintenance of pain. The role of macrophages is highlighted. The alteration in the joint innervation pattern and the inflammatory response are also described. Additionally, the immunomodulatory role of sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters is revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clive Jabangwe
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília J Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Li Q, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Huang Y, Jian J. SP protects Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against acute Streptococcus agalatiae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:218-228. [PMID: 35257891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that involves in a wide variety of physiological and pathological events, mainly exerts its roles by neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), also modulates immune function. However, the roles of SP during immune response to acute bacterial infection of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) remain unclear. In this study, the gene of SP precursor (tachykinin precursor 1, TAC1) and the gene of SP receptor (NK1R) from Nile tilapia were identified, and the roles of SP during an acute bacterial infection in a warm water environment were investigated. On-TAC1(Oreochromis niloticus-TAC1) contains conservative SP & NKA peptide sequences and On-NK1R contains seven conservative transmembrane domains. Their transcriptional levels were most abundant in brain and the On-TAC1 transcripts can be induced in the tilapia challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae. Furthermore, the experimental results revealed that On-SP could promote pyroptosis, suppress inflammation, and improve survival rate during acute bacterial infection. The present data lays a theoretical foundation to further elucidate the mechanism of SP protecting fish against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baijian Jiang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinjin Chen
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Kaur B, Kobayashi Y, Cugini C, Shimizu E. A Mini Review: The Potential Biomarkers for Non-invasive Diagnosis of Pulpal Inflammation. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2:718445. [PMID: 38947881 PMCID: PMC11212789 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.718445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For assessing the adequacy of vital pulp therapy for an inflamed pulp, the use of non-invasive diagnostic tools is necessary to avoid further damage to the teeth. Detection of biomarkers that are indicative of the inflammatory status in pulp can be a promising tool for this purpose. These biomarkers need to be reliably correlated with pulpal inflammation and to be easily detected without pulp exposure. This mini-review article aims to review biomarkers that are present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in inflamed pulp conditions. Several studies have reported the availability of various biomarkers including cytokines, proteases, elastase, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Non-invasive pulpal diagnostic methods will be useful as well to determine reversibility, irreversibility, or necrosis of inflamed pulp. These types of molecular diagnoses via analyzing the proteome have revolutionized the medical field, and are one of the most promising empirical methodologies that a clinician can utilize for the proactive identification of pulpal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmleen Kaur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Carla Cugini
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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27
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Roversi K, Callai-Silva N, Roversi K, Griffith M, Boutopoulos C, Prediger RD, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity and Gut Dysbiosis Drive Parkinson's Disease-Induced Pain. Front Immunol 2021; 12:759679. [PMID: 34868000 PMCID: PMC8637106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.759679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1-2% of the population aged 65 and over. Additionally, non-motor symptoms such as pain and gastrointestinal dysregulation are also common in PD. These impairments might stem from a dysregulation within the gut-brain axis that alters immunity and the inflammatory state and subsequently drives neurodegeneration. There is increasing evidence linking gut dysbiosis to the severity of PD's motor symptoms as well as to somatosensory hypersensitivities. Altogether, these interdependent features highlight the urgency of reviewing the links between the onset of PD's non-motor symptoms and gut immunity and whether such interplays drive the progression of PD. This review will shed light on maladaptive neuro-immune crosstalk in the context of gut dysbiosis and will posit that such deleterious interplays lead to PD-induced pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natalia Callai-Silva
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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28
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Atay A, Triani F, Fonteyne P, Di Simone E, Rama P, Mondino A, Ferrari G. Topical neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist Fosaprepitant ameliorates ocular graft-versus-host disease in a preclinical mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108825. [PMID: 34740637 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to assess the effect of topical administration of the Neurokin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist Fosaprepitant in a pre-clinical model of ocular Graft-versus-Host disease (GVHD). METHODS BALB/c mice were pre-conditioned by myeloablative total body irradiation and subjected to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and mature T cell infusion (BM + T). BM-transplanted mice (BM) were used as controls. Ocular GVHD was specifically assessed by quantifying corneal epithelial damage, tear secretion, blepharitis and phimosis, 3 times/week for 28 days post-transplantation. A group of BM + T mice received Fosaprepitant 10 mg/mL, 6 times/day, topically, from day 7-29 after transplantation. After sacrifice, the expression of NK1R, CD45, CD3, and CXCL10 was quantified in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS BM + T mice developed corneal epithelial damage (day 0-29, p < 0.001), blepharitis (day 0-29, p < 0.001), and phimosis (day 0-29, p < 0.01), and experienced decreased tear secretion (day 21, p < 0.01) compared to controls. NK1R was found upregulated in corneal epithelium (p < 0.01) and lacrimal gland (p < 0.01) of BM + T mice. Fosaprepitant administration significantly reduced corneal epithelial damage (p < 0.05), CD45+ (p < 0.05) and CD3+ (p < 0.01) immune cell infiltration in the cornea and conjunctiva (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, Fosaprepitant reduced the expression of CXCL10 in the cornea (p < 0.05) and in the lacrimal gland (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NK1R represents a novel druggable pathway for the therapy of ocular GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ayça Atay
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Triani
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Simone
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Seney ML, Kim SM, Glausier JR, Hildebrand MA, Xue X, Zong W, Wang J, Shelton MA, Phan BN, Srinivasan C, Pfenning AR, Tseng GC, Lewis DA, Freyberg Z, Logan RW. Transcriptional Alterations in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Implicate Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Remodeling in Opioid Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:550-562. [PMID: 34380600 PMCID: PMC8463497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased dramatically, accompanied by a surge of overdose deaths. While opioid dependence has been extensively studied in preclinical models, an understanding of the biological alterations that occur in the brains of people who chronically use opioids and who are diagnosed with OUD remains limited. To address this limitation, RNA sequencing was conducted on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, regions heavily implicated in OUD, from postmortem brains in subjects with OUD. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens from unaffected comparison subjects (n = 20) and subjects diagnosed with OUD (n = 20). Our transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed transcripts and investigated the transcriptional coherence between brain regions using rank-rank hypergeometric orderlap. Weighted gene coexpression analyses identified OUD-specific modules and gene networks. Integrative analyses between differentially expressed transcripts and genome-wide association study datasets using linkage disequilibrium scores assessed the genetic liability of psychiatric-related phenotypes in OUD. RESULTS Rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analyses revealed extensive overlap in transcripts between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. Identified transcripts were enriched for factors that control proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Cell-type deconvolution implicated a role for microglia as a potential driver for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Linkage disequilibrium score analysis suggested genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression in subjects with OUD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest connections between the brain's immune system and opioid dependence in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L Seney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiebiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chaitanya Srinivasan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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30
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Macrophage as a Peripheral Pain Regulator. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081881. [PMID: 34440650 PMCID: PMC8392675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroimmune crosstalk is involved in somatic and visceral pathological pain including inflammatory and neuropathic components. Apart from microglia essential for spinal and supraspinal pain processing, the interaction of bone marrow-derived infiltrating macrophages and/or tissue-resident macrophages with the primary afferent neurons regulates pain signals in the peripheral tissue. Recent studies have uncovered previously unknown characteristics of tissue-resident macrophages, such as their origins and association with regulation of pain signals. Peripheral nerve macrophages and intestinal resident macrophages, in addition to adult monocyte-derived infiltrating macrophages, secrete a variety of mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, high mobility group box 1 and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), that regulate the excitability of the primary afferents. Neuron-derived mediators including neuropeptides, ATP and macrophage-colony stimulating factor regulate the activity or polarization of diverse macrophages. Thus, macrophages have multitasks in homeostatic conditions and participate in somatic and visceral pathological pain by interacting with neurons.
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Jin P, Deng S, Sherchan P, Cui Y, Huang L, Li G, Lian L, Xie S, Lenahan C, Travis ZD, Zhang JH, Gong Y, Tang J. Neurokinin Receptor 1 (NK1R) Antagonist Aprepitant Enhances Hematoma Clearance by Regulating Microglial Polarization via PKC/p38MAPK/NFκB Pathway After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1922-1938. [PMID: 34244927 PMCID: PMC8608951 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematoma clearance is an important therapeutic target to improve outcome following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recent studies showed that Neurokinin receptor-1 (NK1R) inhibition exerts protective effects in various neurological disease models, but its role in ICH has not been explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of NK1R and its relation to hematoma clearance after ICH using an autologous blood injection mouse model. A total of 332 adult male CD1 mice were used. We found that the expression levels of NK1R and its endogenous ligand, substance P (SP), were significantly upregulated after ICH. Intraperitoneal administration of the NK1R selective antagonist, Aprepitant, significantly improved neurobehavior, reduced hematoma volume and hemoglobin levels after ICH, and promoted microglia polarization towards M2 phenotype. Aprepitant decreased phosphorylated PKC, p38MAPK, and NFκB p65, and downregulated M1 markers while upregulating M2 markers after ICH. Intracerebroventricular administration of the NK1R agonist, GR73632 or PKC agonist, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) reversed the effects of Aprepitant. To demonstrate the upstream mediator of NK1R activation, we performed thrombin injection and found that it increased SP. Inhibiting thrombin suppressed SP and decreased M1 markers while increasing M2 microglia polarization. Thus, NK1R inhibition promoted hematoma clearance after ICH by increasing M2 microglial polarization via downregulating PKC/p38MAPK/NFκB signaling pathway, and thrombin may be a key upstream mediator of NK1R activation. Therapeutic interventions inhibiting NK1R signaling may be a new target for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yuhui Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gaigai Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lifei Lian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, 88001, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Koizumi M, Asano S, Furukawa A, Hayashi Y, Hitomi S, Shibuta I, Hayashi K, Kato F, Iwata K, Shinoda M. P2X 3 receptor upregulation in trigeminal ganglion neurons through TNFα production in macrophages contributes to trigeminal neuropathic pain in rats. J Headache Pain 2021; 22:31. [PMID: 33902429 PMCID: PMC8077728 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia is a characteristic disease that manifests as orofacial phasic or continuous severe pain triggered by innocuous orofacial stimulation; its mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we established a new animal model of trigeminal neuralgia and investigated the role of P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) alteration in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling in persistent orofacial pain. METHODS Trigeminal nerve root compression (TNC) was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Changes in the mechanical sensitivity of whisker pad skin, amount of TNFα in the TG, and number of P2X3R and TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2)-positive TG neurons were assessed following TNC. The effects of TNFR2 antagonism in TG and subcutaneous P2X3R antagonism on mechanical hypersensitivity following TNC were examined. RESULTS TNC induced unilateral continuous orofacial mechanical allodynia, which was depressed by carbamazepine. The accumulation of macrophages showing amoeboid-like morphological changes and expression of TNFα in the TG was remarkably increased following TNC treatment. The number of P2X3R- and TNFR2-positive TG neurons innervating the orofacial skin was significantly increased following TNC. TNFα was released from activated macrophages that occurred in the TG following TNC, and TNFR2 antagonism in the TG significantly diminished the TNC-induced increase in P2X3R-immunoreactive TG neurons. Moreover, subcutaneous P2X3R antagonism in the whisker pad skin significantly depressed TNC-induced mechanical allodynia. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it can be concluded that the signaling of TNFα released from activated macrophages in the TG induces the upregulation of P2X3R expression in TG neurons innervating the orofacial region, resulting in orofacial mechanical allodynia following TNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Koizumi
- Department of Dentistry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Asano
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Furukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Dentistry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan.
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Neuroimmune interactions and osteoarthritis pain: focus on macrophages. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e892. [PMID: 33981927 PMCID: PMC8108586 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are increasingly appreciated as playing a pathogenic role in chronic pain. Unraveling the mechanisms by which inflammatory pain is mediated through communication between nerves and immune cells may lead to exciting new strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. From regulating homeostasis to conducting phagocytosis, and from inducing inflammation to resolving it, macrophages are plastic cells that are highly adaptable to their environment. They rely on communicating with the environment through cytokines, growth factors, neuropeptides, and other signals to respond to inflammation or injury. The contribution of macrophages to OA joint damage has garnered much attention in recent years. Here, we discuss how macrophages may participate in the initiation and maintenance of pain in OA. We aim to summarize what is currently known about macrophages in OA pain and identify important gaps in the field to fuel future investigations.
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Sponchiado M, Liao YS, Atanasova KR, Collins EN, Schurmann V, Bravo L, Reznikov LR. Overexpression of Substance P in pig airways increases MUC5AC through an NF-kβ pathway. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14749. [PMID: 33580593 PMCID: PMC7881348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin that regulates airway mucous secretion in both health and disease. Our study aimed to determine whether overexpression of SP without pre‐existing inflammation was sufficient to induce changes in mucin secretion and transport in small airways. Utilizing porcine precision‐cut lung slices, we measured the impact of AAV‐mediated overexpression of SP on airway physiology ex vivo. Immunofluorescence signal intensity for MUC5AC was significantly increased in SP‐overexpressed precision‐cut lung slices compared to GFP controls. No difference in MUC5B signal intensity between treatments was detected. SP‐overexpressed precision‐cut lung slices also exhibited decreased IL10 mRNA, an important inhibitor of mucous cell metaplasia. Overt deficits in mucociliary transport were not noted, though a trend for decreased mean transport speed was detected in methacholine‐challenged airways overexpressing SP compared to GFP controls. Pharmacologic inhibition of the NF‐kβ pathway abrogated the effects of overexpression of SP on both MUC5AC and IL10. Collectively, these data suggest that overexpression of SP in the absence of existing inflammation increases MUC5AC via activation of the NF‐kβ pathway. Thus, these data further highlight SP as a key driver of abnormal mucous secretion and underscore NF‐kβ signaling as a pathway of potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan-Shin Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily N Collins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Veronica Schurmann
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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35
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Manandhar S, Sinha P, Ejiwale G, Bhatia M. Hydrogen Sulfide and its Interaction with Other Players in Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:129-159. [PMID: 34302691 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a vital role in human physiology and in the pathophysiology of several diseases. In addition, a substantial role of H2S in inflammation has emerged. This chapter will discuss the involvement of H2S in various inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adhesion molecules, and leukocyte recruitment in H2S-mediated inflammation will be discussed. The interrelationship of H2S with other gasotransmitters in inflammation will also be examined. There is mixed literature on the contribution of H2S to inflammation due to studies reporting both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. These apparent discrepancies in the literature could be resolved with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Manandhar
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Grace Ejiwale
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Neurokinin receptors and their implications in various autoimmune diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:66-78. [PMID: 35492389 PMCID: PMC9040085 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin receptors belong to the GPCRs family and are ubiquitously expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Neurokinin receptors in coordination with neurokinins playing an important role in many physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction, secretion, proliferation, and nociception. They also contribute to various disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and cancer. Neurokinin receptors antagonist are potent and highly selective and showing success in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, discuss the various neurokinin receptor expression on immune cells and their importance in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and their therapeutic importance. The Neurokinin receptor is an important regulatory mechanism to control the neuronal and immune systems. Various neurokinin receptors (NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R) are expressed in neurons and cells of the immune system. Substance P (SP) controls the differentiation and function of immune cells. SP-NK1R receptor signaling shows substantial cross-talk between neuronal and immune systems in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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37
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Shinoda M, Hayashi Y, Kubo A, Iwata K. Pathophysiological mechanisms of persistent orofacial pain. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:131-135. [PMID: 32132329 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptive stimuli to the orofacial region are typically received by the peripheral terminal of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, and noxious orofacial information is subsequently conveyed to the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and the upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C2). This information is further transmitted to the cortical somatosensory regions and limbic system via the thalamus, which then leads to the perception of pain. It is a well-established fact that the presence of abnormal pain in the orofacial region is etiologically associated with neuroplastic changes that may occur at any point in the pain transmission pathway from the peripheral to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, several studies have reported that functional plastic changes in a large number of cells, including TG neurons, glial cells (satellite cells, microglia, and astrocytes), and immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils), contribute to the sensitization and disinhibition of neurons in the peripheral and CNS, which results in orofacial pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asako Kubo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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38
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Zhou Y, Wang M, Tong Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Dong D, Shao J, Zhou Y. miR-206 Promotes Cancer Progression by Targeting Full-Length Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819875168. [PMID: 31506061 PMCID: PMC6740052 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819875168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P plays a pivotal role in human cancer development and progression by binding to its receptor, neurokinin-1. Neurokinin-1 has 2 isoforms: full-length neurokinin-1 and truncated neurokinin-1, the latter lacking the cytoplasmic terminal 96-amino acid residues of the full-length protein. We have identified 3 candidate miR-206 target sites within the 3′-untranslated region of the full-length neurokinin-1 gene from bioinformatics database searches. In the present study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the expression of miR-206, and the expression of neurokinin-1 and full-length neurokinin-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 82 clinical cases of breast cancer and paired adjacent normal tissues. The miR-206 target gene was demonstrated by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. Transwell migration and invasion, colony formation, and proliferation assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-206 expression on various aspects of breast cancer cell behavior in vitro. We showed that miR-206 expression is upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues when compared to that in adjacent normal tissues, and full-length neurokinin-1 expression inversely correlates with Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis. Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-206 binds the 3′-untranslated region of full-length neurokinin-1 messenger RNA, regulating protein expression. We showed that the overexpression of miR-206 promotes breast cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and colony formation in vitro. The present study furthers the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer pathogenesis and may be useful for the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingna Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lufang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Kim HN, Kim JD, Park SB, Son HJ, Park GH, Eo HJ, Kim HS, Jeong JB. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from Rodgersia podophylla leaves through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs pathway in mouse macrophage cells. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:233-244. [PMID: 31907559 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, Rodgersia podophylla has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. However, little is known about the potential mechanisms about its anti-inflammatory activity. We elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of leaves extracts from Rodgersia podophylla (RP-L) in RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPS-induced NO was measured by Griess and mRNA of pro-inflammatory mediators was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The protein level was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS RP-L significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RP-L increased HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP reduced the inhibitory effect of RP-L against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of p38, ROS and GSK3β attenuated RP-L-mediated HO-1 expression. Inhibition of ROS inhibited p38 phosphorylation and GSK3β expression induced by RP-L. In addition, inhibition of GSK3β blocked RP-L-mediated p38 phosphorylation. RP-L induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, and inhibition of p38, ROS and GSK3β abolished RP-L-mediated nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Furthermore, RP-L blocked LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α and nuclear accumulation of p65. RP-L also attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. In GC/MS analysis of RP-L, pyrogallol was detected as bioactive compound for anti-inflammatory activity of RP-L. Pyrogallol was observed to activate HO-1 expression through ROS/GSK3β/p38/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that RP-L exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity by activating ROS/GSK3β/p38/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling in RAW264.7 cells. These findings suggest that RP-L may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Na Kim
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Dong Kim
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Son
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju, 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju, 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju, 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea. .,Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Liu G, Mo W, Cao W, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26709-26716. [PMID: 35515753 PMCID: PMC9055407 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine. However, information is not available regarding the effects of spermine supplementation on gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in piglets. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effect of spermine administration on these parameters. The experiment was conducted on twenty 12 day-old suckling piglets, which were allocated either to the group fed basal formula milk (control group) or to that fed a basal formula milk that contained spermine (0.4 mmol kg−1 BW per day) for 3 days. Caecal and colonic digesta and ileal tissues were collected at the end of the three-day feeding experiment. The results were as follows: (1) supplementation with spermine increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) capacity by 27.84% and glutathione content by 18.68% in the ileum (P < 0.05). (2) Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), GST, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in ileum were increased in the spermine-supplemented group in contrast to those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The spermine-supplemented group increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (by 42.0%), ZO-2 (by 101.0%), occludin (by 84.0%), claudin 2 (by 98.0%), claudin 3 (by 121.0%), claudin 12 (by 47.0%), claudin 14 (by 68.0%) and claudin 16 (by 73.0%) mRNA levels in ileum relative to the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Supplementation with spermine increased ZO-2 and occludin mRNA levels in ileum by reducing myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (by 23.0%) mRNA level. (5) Spermine supplementation increased choline, glycerolphosphocholine, creatine and serine levels, and decrease alanine, glutamate, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, lactate, tyrosine levels in ileum (P < 0.05). (6) The population of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and total bacteria increased, but the number of Escherichia coli decreased in the caecal and colonic digesta after spermine supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary spermine supplementation promotes ileal health by enhancing antioxidant properties, improving ileal barrier function, modulating metabolic profiles, and maintaining large intestinal microbial homeostasis. Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
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Chen O, Donnelly CR, Ji RR. Regulation of pain by neuro-immune interactions between macrophages and nociceptor sensory neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 62:17-25. [PMID: 31809997 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's protective reaction to injury and infection. Pain is a hallmark of inflammation and can be either protective or detrimental during acute or chronic phase. Macrophages play a chief role in the pathogenesis of pain and have bilateral communications with nociceptors, the specialized primary sensory neurons that sense pain. Macrophages 'talk to' nociceptors by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. pro-inflammatory cytokines) that induce pain via direct activation of nociceptors. Macrophages also 'listen to' nociceptors, by which nociceptors secrete neuropeptides and chemokines which act on macrophages. Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in nociceptors releases CCL2, activating macrophages and potentiating pathological pain. Emerging evidence also points to a pro-resolution role of macrophages in inflammation and pain. Macrophage GPR37 is activated by neuroprotectin D1, a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) and resolves inflammatory pain via phagocytosis and production of IL-10 that inhibits nociceptors. Macrophage-nociceptor interactions are also mediated by microRNAs and microRNA-containing exosomes in chronic pain. Notably, extracellular microRNAs (e.g. let-7b and miR-711) can directly bind and activate nociceptors. Targeting macrophage-nociceptor interactions will help to control inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher R Donnelly
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Shinoda M, Kubo A, Hayashi Y, Iwata K. Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Persistent Orofacial Pain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1227. [PMID: 31798407 PMCID: PMC6863776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplastic changes in the neuronal networks involving the trigeminal ganglion (TG), trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) are considered the mechanisms underlying the ectopic orofacial hypersensitivity associated with trigeminal nerve injury or orofacial inflammation. It has been reported that peripheral nerve injury causes injury discharges in the TG neurons, and a barrage of action potentials is generated in TG neurons and conveyed to the Vc and C1/C2 after trigeminal nerve injury. Long after trigeminal nerve injury, various molecules are produced in the TG neurons, and these molecules are released from the soma of TG neurons and are transported to the central and peripheral terminals of TG neurons. These changes within the TG cause neuroplastic changes in TG neurons and they become sensitized. The neuronal activity of TG neurons is further accelerated, and Vc and C1/C2 neurons are also sensitized. In addition to this cascade, non-neuronal glial cells are also involved in the enhancement of the neuronal activity of TG, Vc, and C1/C2 neurons. Satellite glial cells and macrophages are activated in the TG after trigeminal nerve injury and orofacial inflammation. Microglial cells and astrocytes are also activated in the Vc and C1/C2 regions. It is considered that functional interaction between non-neuronal cells and neurons in the TG, Vc, and C1/C2 regions is a key mechanism involved in the enhancement of neuronal excitability after nerve injury or inflammation. In this article, the detailed mechanisms underlying ectopic orofacial hyperalgesia associated with trigeminal nerve injury and orofacial inflammation are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Kubo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Abstract
Pain is a hallmark of tissue injury, inflammatory diseases, pathogen invasion and neuropathy. It is mediated by nociceptor sensory neurons that innervate the skin, joints, bones, muscles and mucosal tissues and protects organisms from noxious stimuli. Nociceptors are sensitized by inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system, including cytokines, lipid mediators and growth factors, and can also directly detect pathogens and their secreted products to produce pain during infection. Upon activation, nociceptors release neuropeptides from their terminals that potently shape the function of innate and adaptive immune cells. For some pathogens, neuron-immune interactions enhance host protection from infection, but for other pathogens, neuron-immune signalling pathways can be exploited to facilitate pathogen survival. Here, we discuss the role of nociceptor interactions with the immune system in pain and infection and how understanding these pathways could produce new approaches to treat infectious diseases and chronic pain.
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Li YN, Fan ML, Liu HQ, Ma B, Dai WL, Yu BY, Liu JH. Dihydroartemisinin derivative DC32 inhibits inflammatory response in osteoarthritic synovium through regulating Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105701. [PMID: 31228817 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synovitis is an aseptic inflammation that leads to joint effusion, pain and swelling. As one of the main drivers of pathogenesis in osteoarthritis (OA), the presence of synovitis contributes to pain, incidence and progression of OA. In our previous study, DC32 [(9α,12α-dihydroartemisinyl) bis(2'-chlorocinnmate)], a dihydroartemisinin derivative, was found to have an antirheumatic ability via immunosuppression, but the effect of DC32 on synovitis has not been fully illuminated. In this study, we chose to evaluate the effect and mechanism of DC32 on attenuating synovial inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of papain-induced OA rats were isolated and cultured. And DC32 significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of cultured OA-FLSs, as well as the transcription of IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL12 and CX3CL1 in cultured OA-FLSs measured by qPCR. DC32 remarkably inhibited the activation of ERK and NF-κB pathway, increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cultured OA-FLSs detected by western blot. DC32 inhibited the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα which further prevented the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the effect of DC32 could be relieved by siRNA for Nrf2. In papain-induced OA mice, DC32 significantly alleviated papain-induced mechanical allodynia, knee joint swelling and infiltration of inflammatory cell in synovium. DC32 upregulated the mRNA expression of Type II collagen and aggrecan, and downregulated the mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS-5 in the knee joints of papain-induced OA mice measured by qPCR. The level of TNF-α in the serum and secretion of TNF-α in the knee joints were also reduced by DC32 in papain-induced OA mice. In conclusion, DC32 inhibited the inflammatory response in osteoarthritic synovium through regulating Nrf2/NF-κB pathway and attenuated OA. In this way, DC32 may be a potential agent in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Lin Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Ling Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ji-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Iwata K, Shinoda M. Role of neuron and non-neuronal cell communication in persistent orofacial pain. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2019; 19:77-82. [PMID: 31065589 PMCID: PMC6502764 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2019.19.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that trigeminal nerve injury causes hyperexcitability in trigeminal ganglion neurons, which become sensitized. Long after trigeminal nerve damage, trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) nociceptive neurons become hyperactive and are sensitized, resulting in persistent orofacial pain. Communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells is believed to be involved in these mechanisms. In this article, the authors highlight several lines of evidence that neuron-glial cell and neuron macrophage communication have essential roles in persistent orofacial pain mechanisms associated with trigeminal nerve injury and/or orofacial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Youssif C, Cubillos-Rojas M, Comalada M, Llonch E, Perna C, Djouder N, Nebreda AR. Myeloid p38α signaling promotes intestinal IGF-1 production and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708403. [PMID: 29907597 PMCID: PMC6034132 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase p38α plays a key role in cell homeostasis, and p38α signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects against colitis-induced tumorigenesis. However, little is known on the contribution of p38α signaling in intestinal stromal cells. Here, we show that myeloid cell-specific downregulation of p38α protects mice against inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis. The reduced tumorigenesis correlates with impaired detection in the colon of crucial chemokines for immune cell recruitment. We identify insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a novel mediator of the p38α pathway in macrophages. Moreover, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we confirm the implication of IGF-1 produced by myeloid cells in colon inflammation and tumorigenesis. We also show a correlation between IGF-1 pathway activation and the infiltration of myeloid cells with active p38α in colon samples from patients with ulcerative colitis or colon cancer. Altogether, our results uncover an important role for myeloid IGF-1 downstream of p38α in colitis-associated tumorigenesis and suggest the interest in evaluating IGF-1 therapies for inflammation-associated intestinal diseases, taking into consideration IGF-1 signaling and immune cell infiltration in patient biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Youssif
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Comalada
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Llonch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Perna
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu G, Mo W, Xu X, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of putrescine on gene expression in relation to physical barriers and antioxidant capacity in organs of weaning piglets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19584-19595. [PMID: 35519373 PMCID: PMC9065370 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning stress can cause metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, physical barrier injury and disease susceptibility, thus leading to impaired growth and health of animals. Putrescine has the potential to reduce stress effects. However, the role of putrescine supplementation on barrier function and antioxidant capacity in animals' organs is largely unknown. This study evaluates the effects of putrescine on the physical barrier function, antioxidant status and related signalling molecule levels of weaning piglets' organs. A total of 24 weaning piglets were assigned to four treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control) and basal diets supplemented with (2) 0.05%, (3) 0.1% and (4) 0.15% putrescine. At the end of the 11 day experiment, ileum, liver, thymus and spleen samples were collected from the piglets. Compared with the control group, 0.15% putrescine can significantly increase anti-hydroxyl radical capacity (ileum and spleen), anti-superoxide anion capacity (liver, thymus and spleen), catalase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), total superoxide dismutase (ileum, thymus and spleen), glutathione peroxidase (ileum, liver and thymus), glutathione S-transferase activity (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), glutathione content (liver and spleen) and total antioxidant capacity (ileum and thymus); decrease malondialdehyde (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), protein carbonyl content (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen); enhance mRNA expression of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 (spleen), ZO-2 (liver, thymus and spleen), occludin (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), claudin 1 (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), claudin 2 (ileum, thymus and spleen), claudin 3 (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), claudin 14 (ileum, liver and spleen), claudin 16 (ileum and liver), superoxide dismutase 1 (ileum, liver and thymus), glutathione peroxidase 1 (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), catalase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), glutathione reductase (thymus and spleen), glutathione S-transferase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (liver and thymus); decrease mRNA level of myosin light chain kinase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (liver and spleen) (P < 0.05). 0.05% putrescine can significantly affect some of the above-mentioned parameters (P < 0.05). Collectively, putrescine supplementation improves organs' physical barrier function and antioxidant capacity in dose- and tissue-dependent and independent effects; such improvements are beneficial to the health of weaning piglets. Weaning stress can cause metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, physical barrier injury and disease susceptibility, thus leading to impaired growth and health of animals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
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48
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Ren J, Li L, Wang Y, Zhai J, Chen G, Hu K. Gambogic acid induces heme oxygenase-1 through Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation to reduce inflammation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:555-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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49
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Tuzmen C, Campbell PG. Crosstalk between neuropeptides SP and CGRP in regulation of BMP2-induced bone differentiation. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:81-90. [PMID: 29745819 PMCID: PMC6448777 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1408604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The peripheral nervous system is involved in regulation of bone metabolism via sensory and sympathetic innervation. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are two sensory neuropeptides that have been associated with regulation of osteogenic differentiation. However, the interaction between SP and CGRP both with each other and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in regulation of osteogenic differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between SP and CGRP on BMP2-induced bone differentiation using model progenitor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myoblasts and MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts were treated with SP and CGRP, both individually and in combination, in the presence of BMP2. The effects of the neuropeptides on BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation were assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and expression of osteogenic markers. RESULTS Both SP and CGRP enhanced BMP2 signaling, Runx2 mRNA expression, as well as mineralization in vitro. Co-stimulation with SP and CGRP resulted in down-regulation of BMP2-induced bone differentiation, suggesting potential crosstalk between the two neuropeptides in regulation of BMP2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results shown here, CGRP can mitigate augmenting effects of SP on BMP2 signaling and the three pathways potentially converge on Runx2 to regulate BMP2-induced bone differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Tuzmen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Phil G. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding Author: Phil Campbell, Ph.D., Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,
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Song YJ, Kim A, Kim GT, Yu HY, Lee ES, Park MJ, Kim YJ, Shim SM, Park TS. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A suppresses inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:629-637. [PMID: 30483780 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is an important metabolite in cellular metabolism and fluctuates in certain disease conditions including cancer and immune diseases. It was hypothesized that a decrease in lactate would modulate the inflammatory response elicited by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in macrophages. When RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with FX11, a specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) inhibitor, the expression of the cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‑2) was downregulated due to reduced cellular lactate levels. Genetic suppression of LDHA by small interfering RNA (siRNA) downregulated the LPS‑activated expression of interleukin (IL)‑6, iNOS, and COX‑2, and reduced the production of IL‑6 and nitrites. Pharmacological and genetic suppression of LDHA inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase. Microarray gene expression profile demonstrated that the genes involved in cell proliferation and inflammation were mainly altered by siRNA‑mediated LDHA suppression. Collectively, the present observations suggest that lactate may be an important metabolite and implicated in regulation of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jeong Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Yu
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-So Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
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