1
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Liao X, Gao S, Xie F, Wang K, Wu X, Wu Y, Gao W, Wang M, Sun J, Liu D, Xu W, Li Q. An underlying mechanism behind interventional pulmonology techniques for refractory asthma treatment: Neuro-immunity crosstalk. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20797. [PMID: 37867902 PMCID: PMC10585236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease that seriously threatens public health. With significant developments in bronchoscopy, different interventional pulmonology techniques for refractory asthma treatment have been developed. These technologies achieve therapeutic purposes by targeting diverse aspects of asthma pathophysiology. However, even though these newer techniques have shown appreciable clinical effects, their differences in mechanisms and mutual commonalities still deserve to be carefully explored. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of bronchial thermoplasty, targeted lung denervation, and cryoablation, and analyzed the relationship between these different methods. Based on available evidence, we speculated that the main pathway of chronic airway inflammation and other pathophysiologic processes in asthma is sensory nerve-related neurotransmitter release that forms a "neuro-immunity crosstalk" and amplifies airway neurogenic inflammation. The mechanism of completely blocking neuro-immunity crosstalk through dual-ablation of both efferent and afferent fibers may have a leading role in the clinical efficacy of interventional pulmonology in the treatment of asthma and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyang Xie
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Wujian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Starobova H, Alshammari A, Winkler IG, Vetter I. The role of the neuronal microenvironment in sensory function and pain pathophysiology. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36394416 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of pain and the at times low efficacy of current treatments represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Effective treatment strategies require consideration of the diverse pathophysiologies that underlie various pain conditions. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to aberrant sensory neuron function has advanced considerably. However, sensory neurons operate in a complex dynamic microenvironment that is controlled by multidirectional interactions of neurons with non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, neuronal accessory cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. Each of these cells constitute and control the microenvironment in which neurons operate, inevitably influencing sensory function and the pathology of pain. This review highlights the importance of the neuronal microenvironment for sensory function and pain, focusing on cellular interactions in the skin, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which neurons and non-neuronal cells communicate to promote or resolve pain, and how this knowledge could be used for the development of mechanism-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Alshammari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Ye F, Jiang Y, Zong Y, Zhang J, Zhu C, Yang Y, Tang Z. PLC-IP3-ORAI pathway participates in the activation of the MRGPRB2 receptor in mouse peritoneal mast cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:37-44. [PMID: 35714789 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel mast cell-specific G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), known as Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-B2 (MRGPRB2), plays important roles in immune response. However, the opening of ion channels mediated by MRGPRB2 activation remains unclear. In this study, we found that [Ca2+]i elevation and voltage-dependent current generated by MRGPRB2 activation were correlated with extracellular calcium concentration. The increases in [Ca2+]i and voltage-dependent current caused by MRGPRB2 activation were blocked by U73122 (PLC blocker) or 2-APB (IP3 blocker) or synta66 (ORAI blocker). The voltage-dependent current induced by MRGPRB2 was inhibited by calcium-activated chlorine channel (CACCS) blockers, DIDS, or NPPB. Our results indicated the involvement of the PLC-IP3-ORAI signaling pathway and CACCS in MRGPRB2-mediated mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucui Jiang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingxin Zong
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Steinhoff M, Ahmad F, Pandey A, Datsi A, AlHammadi A, Al-Khawaga S, Al-Malki A, Meng J, Alam M, Buddenkotte J. Neuro-immune communication regulating pruritus in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1875-1898. [PMID: 35337846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic-relapsing inflammatory skin disease with significant disease burden. Genetic and environmental trigger factors contribute to AD, activating two of our largest organs, the nervous and immune system. Dysregulation of neuro-immune circuits plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD causing inflammation, pruritus, pain, and barrier dysfunction. Sensory nerves can be activated by environmental or endogenous trigger factors transmitting itch stimuli to the brain. Upon stimulation, sensory nerve endings also release neuromediators into the skin contributing again to inflammation, barrier dysfunction and itch. Additionally, dysfunctional peripheral and central neuronal structures contribute to neuroinflammation, sensitization, nerve elongation, neuropathic itch, thus chronification and therapy-resistance. Consequently, neuro-immune circuits in skin and central nervous system may be targets to treat pruritus in AD. Cytokines, chemokines, proteases, lipids, opioids, ions excite/sensitize sensory nerve endings not only induce itch but further aggravate/perpetuate inflammation, skin barrier disruption, and pruritus. Thus, targeted therapies for neuro-immune circuits as well as pathway inhibitors (e.g., kinase inhibitors) may be beneficial to control pruritus in AD either in systemic and/or topical form. Understanding neuro-immune circuits and neuronal signaling will optimize our approach to control all pathological mechanisms in AD, inflammation, barrier dysfunction and pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atul Pandey
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantational Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ayda AlHammadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aysha Al-Malki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jianghui Meng
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Maltseva N, Borzova E, Fomina D, Bizjak M, Terhorst‐Molawi D, Košnik M, Kulthanan K, Meshkova R, Thomsen SF, Maurer M. Cold urticaria - What we know and what we do not know. Allergy 2021; 76:1077-1094. [PMID: 33249577 DOI: 10.1111/all.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a common form of chronic inducible urticaria characterized by the development of wheals, angioedema or both in response to cold exposure. Recent research and guideline updates have advanced our understanding and management of ColdU. Today, its pathophysiology is thought to involve the cold-induced formation of autoallergens and IgE to these autoallergens, which provoke a release of proinflammatory mediators from skin mast cells. The classification of ColdU includes typical and atypical subtypes. We know that cold-induced wheals usually develop on rewarming and resolve within an hour and that anaphylaxis can occur. The diagnosis relies on the patient's history and cold stimulation testing. Additional diagnostic work-up, including a search for underlying infections, should only be done if indicated by the patient's history. The management of ColdU includes cold avoidance, the regular use of nonsedating antihistamines and the off-label use of omalizumab. However, many questions regarding ColdU remain unanswered. Here, we review what is known about ColdU, and we present important unanswered questions on the epidemiology, underlying pathomechanisms, clinical heterogeneity and treatment outcomes. Our aim is to guide future efforts that will close these knowledge gaps and advance the management of ColdU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Maltseva
- Center of Allergy and Immunology Clinical State Hospital 52 Moscow Ministry of Healthcare Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elena Borzova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Daria Fomina
- Center of Allergy and Immunology Clinical State Hospital 52 Moscow Ministry of Healthcare Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mojca Bizjak
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Golnik Slovenia
| | - Dorothea Terhorst‐Molawi
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Mitja Košnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Golnik Slovenia
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Raisa Meshkova
- Smolensk State Medical University Smolensk Russian Federation
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology Bispebjerg Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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6
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Tikoo S, Barki N, Jain R, Zulkhernain NS, Buhner S, Schemann M, Weninger W. Imaging of mast cells. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:58-72. [PMID: 29431206 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are a part of the innate immune system implicated in allergic reactions and the regulation of host-pathogen interactions. The distribution, morphology and biochemical composition of mast cells has been studied in detail in vitro and on tissue sections both at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level. More recently, the development of fluorescent reporter strains and intravital imaging modalities has enabled first glimpses of the real-time behavior of mast cells in situ. In this review, we describe commonly used imaging approaches to study mast cells in cell culture as well as within normal and diseased tissues. We further describe the interrogation of mast cell function via imaging by providing a detailed description of mast cell-nerve plexus interactions in the intestinal tract. Together, visualizing mast cells has expanded our view of these cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tikoo
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasja Barki
- LS Human Biology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Rohit Jain
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Buhner
- LS Human Biology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- LS Human Biology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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7
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Forsythe P. Mast Cells in Neuroimmune Interactions. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Vena GA, Cassano N, Di Leo E, Calogiuri GF, Nettis E. Focus on the role of substance P in chronic urticaria. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:24. [PMID: 30473632 PMCID: PMC6240950 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data have strengthened the importance of substance P (SP) as a proinflammatory mediator in human pathology. A role for SP in the pathogenesis of urticaria has long been hypothesized. METHODS Literature data regarding the possible role of SP in chronic urticaria/chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) have been reviewed and summarized in this manuscript. This review is based on pertinent articles that were retrieved by a selective literature search in the PubMed database. Articles in English published up to July 2018 were taken into consideration. RESULTS Recent studies in patients with CSU have demonstrated that circulating levels of SP are significantly elevated, in correlation with disease severity, and that SP-positive basophils are upregulated. SP has been shown to trigger degranulation in basophils derived from CSU patients. Moreover, SP can be involved in pseudoallergic reactions and may act as a histamine-releasing factor in a subset of patients with CSU. Current evidence suggests that the biological activity of SP can be exerted not only through the conventional NK-1 receptor but also through the recently identified Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors. MRGPRX2 can cause mast cell activation and has been found to be upregulated in the skin of patients with severe chronic urticaria. CONCLUSIONS Many findings seem to support the pathogenic involvement of SP in chronic urticaria/CSU. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of SP as a mediator in CSU pathogenesis and a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino A. Vena
- Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Bari, Barletta, Italy
| | | | - E. Di Leo
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Unit of Internal Medicine, “F. Miulli” Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA Italy
| | - G. F. Calogiuri
- Pneumology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital, Gallipoli, Lecce Italy
| | - Eustachio Nettis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari-Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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9
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Sheethal HS, Kn H, Smitha T, Chauhan K. Role of mast cells in inflammatory and reactive pathologies of pulp, periapical area and periodontium. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:92-97. [PMID: 29731563 PMCID: PMC5917550 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_278_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have been discovered over 130 years ago; their function was almost exclusively linked to allergic affections. At the time being, it is well known that MCs possess a great variety of roles, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In the oral tissues, MCs release different pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha that promote leukocyte infiltration in various inflammatory states of the oral cavity. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and, as a consequence, their number changes in different pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. By understanding the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, these cells may become therapeutic targets that could possibly improve the prognosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of the role of MCs in various inflammatory pulpal, periapical and periodontal pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Sheethal
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hema Kn
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T Smitha
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerti Chauhan
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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10
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Church MK, Kolkhir P, Metz M, Maurer M. The role and relevance of mast cells in urticaria. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:232-247. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K. Church
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Martin Metz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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11
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Abstract
Inflammation is a critical process in the oral cavity, especially in gingival inflammation and pulpitis, as seen in periodontitis and decayed tooth structure. Nevertheless, the cellular process involved in oral inflammation is not well delineated. Recent evidence from other organs as well as the mouth suggests that neurogenic inflammation involving mast cells (MCs) may be a critical factor. MCs, best known for their role in allergic reactions, are also involved in immunity and inflammation. They are located at strategic points close to small blood vessels and nerve fibers often containing substance P (SP). The pain models of reversible or irreversible pulpitis simply suggest the complexity of neural-inflammatory interactions within the dental pulp. In the pulp and periapical area, neuropeptides and cytokines modulate vascular responses, increase permeability and leukocyte migration. SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and TNF-positive MCs were found localized around blood vessels in all samples of periapical granulomas. By generating a profound number of potent mediators, MCs may serve as a link between the immune, endocrine and nervous systems in pulp inflammation. This role has been strengthened by recent evidence of MCs involvement in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Karapanou
- Department of Endodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - D. Kempuraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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12
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Buhner S, Barki N, Greiter W, Giesbertz P, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Zeller F, Daniel H, Schemann M. Calcium Imaging of Nerve-Mast Cell Signaling in the Human Intestine. Front Physiol 2017; 8:971. [PMID: 29238306 PMCID: PMC5712982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is suggested that an altered microenvironment in the gut wall alters communication along a mast cell nerve axis. We aimed to record for the first time signaling between mast cells and neurons in intact human submucous preparations. Methods: We used the Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-4 AM to simultaneously image changes in intracellular calcium [Ca+2]i (%ΔF/F) in neurons and mast cells. Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges (25/75%). Results: We recorded nerve responses in 29 samples upon selective activation of 223 mast cells by IgE receptor cross linking with the antibody mAb22E7. Mast cells responded to mAb22E7 with a median [Ca+2]i increase of 20% (11/39) peaking 90 s (64/144) after the application. Only very few neurons responded and the median percentage of responding neuronal area was 0% (0/5.9). Mast cell activation remained in the presence of the fast sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin. Specific neuronal activation by transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS) in 34 samples evoked instantaneously [Ca+2]i signals in submucous neurons. This was followed by a [Ca+2]i peak response of 8%ΔF/F (4/15) in 33% of 168 mast cells in the field of view. The mast cell response was abolished by the nerve blocker tetrododoxin, reduced by the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide receptor 1 antagonist BIBN-4096 and the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide receptor antagonist PG97-269, but not by blockade of the neurokinin receptors 1-3. Conclusion: The findings revealed bidirectional signaling between mast cells and submucous neurons in human gut. In our macroscopically normal preparations a nerve to mast cell signaling was very prominent whereas a mast cell to nerve signaling was rather rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Buhner
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Natasja Barki
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greiter
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ihsan E. Demir
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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13
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Mast Cells: Key Players in the Shadow in Oral Inflammation and in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9235080. [PMID: 27847826 PMCID: PMC5101369 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although mast cells (MCs) have been discovered over 130 years ago, their function was almost exclusively linked to allergic affections. At the time being, it is well known that MCs possess a great variety of roles, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In the oral tissues, MCs release different proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), that promote leukocyte infiltration in various inflammatory states of the oral cavity. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and, as a consequence, their number changes in different pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, like gingivitis, periodontitis, and so on. MCs also represent a rich source of proteases, especially of mast cell tryptase and chymase, which directly degrade the extracellular matrix through their proteolytic activity and thus indirectly stimulate angiogenesis and facilitate invasion and metastasis. It may be stated that mast cells could have an impact on primary tumor development, progression, and metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma. By understanding the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and tumor diseases of the oral cavity, these cells may become therapeutic targets that could possibly improve the prognosis and survival of these patients.
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14
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Papoutsis D, Haefner HK, Crum CP, Opipari AW, Reed BD. Vestibular Mast Cell Density in Vulvodynia: A Case-Controlled Study. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2016; 20:275-9. [PMID: 27224531 PMCID: PMC4920700 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify whether mast cell densities in vulvar biopsies from the vestibule are associated with vulvodynia. METHODS We enrolled 100 women aged 19 to 59 years with confirmed vulvodynia cases, 100 racially matched controls, and 100 black control women. All had vulvar biopsies performed at the 7 o'clock position of the vestibule, which were then immunostained to detect c-KIT protein. The numbers of c-KIT positive mast cells per ×400 magnification field were manually counted, and t tests and logistic regression were used to assess the association with case-control status. RESULTS Of the biopsies, 235 were adequate samples for c-KIT testing for mast cells. The mast cell density was substantially lower in black control women (13.9 ± 10.9) in comparison to white control women (22.5 ± 13.2 p < 0.001): hence the analysis was confined to white cases and racially matched control women. Compared with racially matched controls, cases were younger, more likely to be married, and reported a higher household income. The average number of mast cells per ×400 magnification field overall was 19.1 ± 13.2 (range, 0-62). There was no difference in the mast cell count between racially matched cases (22.4 ± 13.9 per ×400 field) and controls (22.5 ± 13.2) in either the univariate or multivariable analyses. Within the group of cases, there was no difference in mast cell density based on the presence or absence of a variety of urogenital symptoms. CONCLUSIONS No difference in mast cell density in biopsies of the vestibule was found between white cases and racially matched controls. Black control women have a lower mast cell density compared with white control women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papoutsis
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospitals NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK.; 2Center for Vulvar Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 3Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and 4Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Devos FC, Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Maes T, Hox V, Seys S, Pollaris L, Liston A, Nemery B, Talavera K, Hoet PHM, Vanoirbeek JAJ. Neuro-immune interactions in chemical-induced airway hyperreactivity. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:380-92. [PMID: 27126687 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01778-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma may be induced by chemical sensitisers, via mechanisms that are still poorly understood. This type of asthma is characterised by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and little airway inflammation. Since potent chemical sensitisers, such as toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), are also sensory irritants, it is suggested that chemical-induced asthma relies on neuro-immune mechanisms.We investigated the involvement of transient receptor potential channels (TRP) A1 and V1, major chemosensors in the airways, and mast cells, known for their ability to communicate with sensory nerves, in chemical-induced AHR.In vitro intracellular calcium imaging and patch-clamp recordings in TRPA1- and TRPV1-expressing Chinese hamster ovarian cells showed that TDI activates murine TRPA1, but not TRPV1. Using an in vivo model, in which an airway challenge with TDI induces AHR in TDI-sensitised C57Bl/6 mice, we demonstrated that AHR does not develop, despite successful sensitisation, in Trpa1 and Trpv1 knockout mice, and wild-type mice pretreated with a TRPA1 blocker or a substance P receptor antagonist. TDI-induced AHR was also abolished in mast cell deficient Kit(Wsh) (/Wsh) mice, and in wild-type mice pretreated with the mast cell stabiliser ketotifen, without changes in immunological parameters.These data demonstrate that TRPA1, TRPV1 and mast cells play an indispensable role in the development of TDI-elicited AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien C Devos
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform (TRPLe), Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform (TRPLe), Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Hox
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lore Pollaris
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Genetics of Autoimmunity, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform (TRPLe), Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mast cell activation disease: An underappreciated cause of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms and diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:314-321. [PMID: 26162709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologists and psychiatrists frequently encounter patients whose central and/or peripheral neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms (NPS) are accompanied by other symptoms for which investigation finds no unifying cause and for which empiric therapy often provides little to no benefit. Systemic mast cell activation disease (MCAD) has rarely been considered in the differential diagnosis in such situations. Traditionally, MCAD has been considered as just one rare (neoplastic) disease, mastocytosis, generally focusing on the mast cell (MC) mediators tryptase and histamine and the suggestive, blatant symptoms of flushing and anaphylaxis. Recently another form of MCAD, MC activation syndrome (MC), has been recognized, featuring inappropriate MC activation with little to no neoplasia and likely much more heterogeneously clonal and far more prevalent than mastocytosis. There also has developed greater appreciation for the truly very large menagerie of MC mediators and their complex patterns of release, engendering complex, nebulous presentations of chronic and acute illness best characterized as multisystem polymorbidity of generally inflammatory ± allergic themes--including very wide arrays of central and peripheral NPS. Significantly helpful treatment--including for neuropsychiatric issues--usually can be identified once MCAD is accurately diagnosed. We describe MCAD's pathogenesis, presentation (focusing on NPS), and therapy, especially vis-à-vis neuropsychotropes. Since MCAD patients often present NPS, neurologists and psychiatrists have the opportunity, in recognizing the diagnostic possibility of MCAD, to short-circuit the often decades-long delay in establishing the correct diagnosis required to identify optimal therapy.
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17
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McMahon SB, Russa FL, Bennett DLH. Crosstalk between the nociceptive and immune systems in host defence and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:389-402. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Substance P Is Upregulated in the Serum of Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2833-2836. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wright RJ, Berin MC. Unlocking the stress-allergy puzzle: need for a more comprehensive stress model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:1-2. [PMID: 24950842 PMCID: PMC4797627 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Immunology Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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20
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Chatterjea D, Martinov T. Mast cells: versatile gatekeepers of pain. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:38-44. [PMID: 24666768 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are important first responders in protective pain responses that provoke withdrawal from intense, noxious environmental stimuli, in part because of their sentinel location in tissue-environment interfaces. In chronic pain disorders, the proximity of mast cells to nerves potentiates critical molecular cross-talk between these two cell types that results in their synergistic contribution to the initiation and propagation of long-term changes in pain responses via intricate signal networks of neurotransmitters, cytokines and adhesion molecules. Both in rodent models of inflammatory pain and chronic pain disorders, as well as in increasing evidence from the clinic, it is abundantly clear that understanding the mast cell-mediated mechanisms underlying protective and maladaptive pain cascades will lead to improved understanding of mast cell biology as well as the development of novel, targeted therapies for the treatment and management of debilitating pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tijana Martinov
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA
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21
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Augustyniak D, Jankowski A, Mackiewicz P, Skowyra A, Gutowicz J, Drulis-Kawa Z. Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:24. [PMID: 22551165 PMCID: PMC3460729 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens. Results We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP > SP >> SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. M. catarrhalis was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable H. influenzae. The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic). Conclusions The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against M. catarrhalis and nontypeable H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Theoharides TC, Alysandratos KD, Angelidou A, Delivanis DA, Sismanopoulos N, Zhang B, Asadi S, Vasiadi M, Weng Z, Miniati A, Kalogeromitros D. Mast cells and inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1822:21-33. [PMID: 21185371 PMCID: PMC3318920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are well known for their role in allergic and anaphylactic reactions, as well as their involvement in acquired and innate immunity. Increasing evidence now implicates mast cells in inflammatory diseases where they are activated by non-allergic triggers, such as neuropeptides and cytokines, often exerting synergistic effects as in the case of IL-33 and neurotensin. Mast cells can also release pro-inflammatory mediators selectively without degranulation. In particular, IL-1 induces selective release of IL-6, while corticotropin-releasing hormone secreted under stress induces the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. Many inflammatory diseases involve mast cells in cross-talk with T cells, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, which all worsen by stress. How mast cell differential responses are regulated is still unresolved. Preliminary evidence suggests that mitochondrial function and dynamics control mast cell degranulation, but not selective release. Recent findings also indicate that mast cells have immunomodulatory properties. Understanding selective release of mediators could explain how mast cells participate in numerous diverse biologic processes, and how they exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive actions. Unraveling selective mast cell secretion could also help develop unique mast cell inhibitors with novel therapeutic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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23
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Katiraei P, Bultron G. Need for a comprehensive medical approach to the neuro-immuno-gastroenterology of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2791-800. [PMID: 21734786 PMCID: PMC3120938 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i23.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined by the Rome III criteria as symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort with the onset of a marked change in bowel habits with no evidence of an inflammatory, anatomic, metabolic, or neoplastic process. As such, many clinicians regard IBS as a central nervous system problem of altered pain perception. Here, we review the recent literature and discuss the evidence that supports an organic based model, which views IBS as a complex, heterogeneous, inter-dependent, and multi-variable inflammatory process along the neuronal-gut axis. We delineate the organic pathophysiology of IBS, demonstrate the role of inflammation in IBS, review the possible differences between adult and pediatric IBS, discuss the merits of a comprehensive treatment model as taught by the Institute of Functional Medicine, and describe the potential for future research for this syndrome.
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24
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Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M. Potential targets for intervention in radiation-induced heart disease. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 11:1405-12. [PMID: 20583977 DOI: 10.2174/1389450111009011405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy of thoracic and chest wall tumors, if all or part of the heart was included in the radiation field, can lead to radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), a late and potentially severe side effect. RIHD presents clinically several years after irradiation and manifestations include accelerated atherosclerosis, pericardial and myocardial fibrosis, conduction abnormalities, and injury to cardiac valves. The pathogenesis of RIHD is largely unknown, and a treatment is not available. Hence, ongoing pre-clinical studies aim to elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms of RIHD. Here, an overview of recent pre-clinical studies is given, and based on the results of these studies, potential targets for intervention in RIHD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boerma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M. Preclinical research into basic mechanisms of radiation-induced heart disease. Cardiol Res Pract 2010; 2011:858262. [PMID: 20953374 PMCID: PMC2952915 DOI: 10.4061/2011/858262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a potentially severe side effect of radiotherapy of thoracic and chest wall tumors if all or part of the heart was included in the radiation field. RIHD presents clinically several years after irradiation and manifestations include accelerated atherosclerosis, pericardial and myocardial fibrosis, conduction abnormalities, and injury to cardiac valves. There is no method to prevent or reverse these injuries when the heart is exposed to ionizing radiation. This paper presents an overview of recent studies that address the role of microvascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, mast cells, and the renin angiotensin system in animal models of cardiac radiation injury. These insights into the basic mechanisms of RIHD may lead to the identification of targets for intervention in this late radiotherapy side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - M. Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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26
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Kempuraj D, Asadi S, Zhang B, Manola A, Hogan J, Peterson E, Theoharides TC. Mercury induces inflammatory mediator release from human mast cells. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:20. [PMID: 20222982 PMCID: PMC2850891 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mercury is known to be neurotoxic, but its effects on the immune system are less well known. Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions, but also in innate and acquired immunity, as well as in inflammation. Many patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have "allergic" symptoms; moreover, the prevalence of ASD in patients with mastocytosis, characterized by numerous hyperactive mast cells in most tissues, is 10-fold higher than the general population suggesting mast cell involvement. We, therefore, investigated the effect of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on human mast cell activation. Methods Human leukemic cultured LAD2 mast cells and normal human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells (hCBMCs) were stimulated by HgCl2 (0.1-10 μM) for either 10 min for beta-hexosaminidase release or 24 hr for measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-6 release by ELISA. Results HgCl2 induced a 2-fold increase in β-hexosaminidase release, and also significant VEGF release at 0.1 and 1 μM (311 ± 32 pg/106 cells and 443 ± 143 pg/106 cells, respectively) from LAD2 mast cells compared to control cells (227 ± 17 pg/106 cells, n = 5, p < 0.05). Addition of HgCl2 (0.1 μM) to the proinflammatory neuropeptide substance P (SP, 0.1 μM) had synergestic action in inducing VEGF from LAD2 mast cells. HgCl2 also stimulated significant VEGF release (360 ± 100 pg/106 cells at 1 μM, n = 5, p < 0.05) from hCBMCs compared to control cells (182 ± 57 pg/106 cells), and IL-6 release (466 ± 57 pg/106 cells at 0.1 μM) compared to untreated cells (13 ± 25 pg/106 cells, n = 5, p < 0.05). Addition of HgCl2 (0.1 μM) to SP (5 μM) further increased IL-6 release. Conclusions HgCl2 stimulates VEGF and IL-6 release from human mast cells. This phenomenon could disrupt the blood-brain-barrier and permit brain inflammation. As a result, the findings of the present study provide a biological mechanism for how low levels of mercury may contribute to ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Suga S, Goto S, Togari A. Demonstration of direct neurite-osteoclastic cell communication in vitro via the adrenergic receptor. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:184-91. [PMID: 20093791 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09283fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently great interest in the bone metabolism induced by the sympathetic nerve system. Recently, direct neurite-osteoblastic cell communication was demonstrated using an in vitro co-culture model comprising neurite-sprouting murine superior cervical ganglia and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. In the present study, we examined whether the direct nerve-osteoclastic cell communication was present in an in vitro co-culture model comprising cultured murine superior cervical ganglia and mouse osteoclast-like cells. RAW264.7 cells treated with receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand were used as osteoclast-like cells. We found that the addition of scorpion venom (SV) elicited neurite activation via intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and, after a lag period, osteoclastic Ca(2+) mobilization in the co-culture. SV did not have any direct effect on the osteoclastic cells in the absence of the neurites. The addition of an alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, prazosin, concentration-dependently prevented the osteoclastic activation that resulted as a consequence of neural activation by SV. We also found that alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor agonists evoked transient Ca(2+) mobilization and gene expression of interleukin-6 in osteoclastic cells. These results demonstrate that osteoclastic activation occurs via alpha(1)-AR in osteoclastic cells as a direct response to neuronal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Suga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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28
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Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D, Redwood L. Autism: an emerging 'neuroimmune disorder' in search of therapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:2127-43. [PMID: 19640207 DOI: 10.1517/14656560903107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in communication and by repetitive and stereotypic behaviors, as well as by social impairment, attention, cognitive, and learning defects. ASDs present in early childhood and their prevalence has increased significantly to 1/150 children. Despite a number of theories, the actual reasons for this increase are still not clear. There is no reliable screening test, and no definite pathogenesis or curative therapy. Consequently, there is a major gap hampering development of effective treatments. OBJECTIVE To review recent publications on ASDs pathogenesis and treatment with emphasis on neuroimmune processes and new therapeutic approaches. METHODS Mostly original papers (450) on epidemiology, possible pathogenesis or treatment of ASDs in Medline from 1990 to May 2009 were reviewed. All authors contributed to this review. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Increased oxidative stress and immune dysregulation are present in ASDs. Mast-cell activation may contribute to gut-blood-brain barrier disruption and brain inflammation. No effective treatments have emerged. Well-designed clinical trials with nonpsychotropic drugs were few and ASD characteristics varied considerably, making conclusions difficult. Psychotropic drugs are often used for stereotypic and aggressive behaviors. Unique combinations with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoids hold promise. New potential translational research areas and possible treatments are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Desouza IA, Camargo EA, Mariano NS, Optiz-Neto JB, Resende JS, Mello GC, Costa SKP, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Role of sensory innervation in the rat pulmonary neutrophil recruitment induced by staphylococcal enterotoxins type A and B. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 613:128-34. [PMID: 19375418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rat airways exposure to Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and B (SEB) induces marked neutrophil influx. Since sensory neuropeptides play important roles in cell infiltration, in this study we have investigated its contribution in triggering SEA- and SEB-induced pulmonary neutrophil infiltration. Male Wistar rats were exposed intratracheally with SEA (3 ng/trachea) or SEB (250 ng/trachea). Animals received different in vivo pretreatments, after which the neutrophil counts and levels of substance P and IL-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were evaluated. Alveolar macrophages and peritoneal mast cells were incubated with SEA and SEB to determine the IL-1 and TNF-alpha levels. Capsaicin pretreatment significantly reduced SEA- and SEB-induced neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but this treatment was more effective to reduce SEA responses. Treatments with SR140333 (tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist) and SR48968 (tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist) decreased SEA-induced neutrophil influx, whereas SEB-induced responses were inhibited by SR140333 only. Cyproheptadine (histamine/5-hydroxytriptamine receptor antagonist) and MD 7222 (5-HT(3) receptor antagonist) reduced SEA- and SEB-induced neutrophil influx. The substance P and IL-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of SEA-exposed rats were significantly higher than SEB. In addition, SEA (but not SEB) significantly released mast cell TNF-alpha. Increased production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in alveolar macrophages was observed in response to SEA and SEB. In conclusion, sensory neuropeptides contribute significantly to SEA- and SEB-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment, but SEA requires in a higher extent the airways sensory innervation, and participation of mast cells and alveolar macrophage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivani A Desouza
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Theoharides TC, Rozniecki JJ, Sahagian G, Jocobson S, Kempuraj D, Conti P, Kalogeromitros D. Impact of stress and mast cells on brain metastases. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 205:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Direct neurite-osteoblastic cell communication, as demonstrated by use of an in vitro co-culture system. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5917-22. [PMID: 18061580 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using an in vitro co-culture approach comprising cultured murine superior cervical ganglia and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, we found that the addition of scorpion venom (SV) elicited neurite activation via intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and, after a lag period, osteoblastic Ca2+ mobilization. SV did not have any direct effect on the osteoblastic cells in the absence of neurites. The addition of an alpha1-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, prazosin, dose-dependently prevented the osteoblastic activation that resulted as a consequence of neural activation by SV. These results demonstrate that osteoblastic activation occurred as a direct response to neuronal activation, which activation was mediated by alpha1-ARs in the osteoblastic cells.
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YÉPEZ-MULIA L, HERNÁNDEZ-BELLO R, ARIZMENDI-PUGA N, FONSECA-LIÑÁN R, ORTEGA-PIERRES G. Contributions to the study of Trichinella spiralis TSL-1 antigens in host immunity. Parasite Immunol 2007; 29:661-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kulka M, Sheen CH, Tancowny BP, Grammer LC, Schleimer RP. Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production. Immunology 2007; 123:398-410. [PMID: 17922833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal-induced inflammation, mast cells may respond to stimuli such as neuropeptides in an FcepsilonRI-independent manner. In this study, we characterized human mast cell responses to substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and compared these responses to human mast cell responses to immunoglobulin E (IgE)/anti-IgE and compound 48/80. Primary cultured mast cells, generated from CD34(+) progenitors in the presence of stem cell factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and human cultured mast cells (LAD2) were stimulated with these and other stimuli (gastrin, concanavalin A, radiocontrast media, and mannitol) and their degranulation and chemokine production was assessed. VIP and SP stimulated primary human mast cells and LAD cells to degranulate; gastrin, concanavalin A, radiocontrast media, mannitol, CGRP and NGF did not activate degranulation. While anti-IgE stimulation did not induce significant production of chemokines, stimulation with VIP, SP or compound 48/80 potently induced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, inducible protein-10, monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal, T-cell expressed, and secreted) and IL-8. VIP, SP and compound 48/80 also activated release of tumour necrosis factor, IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not IL-4, interferon-gamma or eotaxin. Human mast cells expressed surface neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), NK2R, NK3R and VIP receptor type 2 (VPAC2) but not VPAC1 and activation of human mast cells by IgE/anti-IgE up-regulated expression of VPAC2, NK2R, and NK3R. These studies demonstrate the pattern of receptor expression and activation of mast cell by a host of G-protein coupled receptor ligands and suggest that SP and VIP activate a unique signalling pathway in human mast cells. These results are likely to have direct relevance to neuronally induced inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kulka
- National Research Council Canada, Room 432, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
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Barbara G, Wang B, Stanghellini V, de Giorgio R, Cremon C, Di Nardo G, Trevisani M, Campi B, Geppetti P, Tonini M, Bunnett NW, Grundy D, Corinaldesi R. Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:26-37. [PMID: 17241857 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal mast cell infiltration may participate to abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We assessed the effect of mast cell mediators released from the colonic mucosa of IBS patients on the activation of rat sensory neurons in vitro. METHODS Colonic mast cell infiltration and mediator release were assessed with quantitative immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic assays. The effect of mucosal mediators was tested on mesenteric sensory nerve firing and Ca(2+) mobilization in dorsal root ganglia in rats. RESULTS Mediators from IBS patients, but not controls, markedly enhanced the firing of mesenteric nerves (14.7 +/- 3.2 imp/sec vs 2.8 +/- 1.5 imp/sec; P < .05) and stimulated mobilization of Ca(2+) in dorsal root ganglia neurons (29% +/- 4% vs 11% +/- 4%; P < .05). On average, 64% of dorsal root ganglia responsive to mediators were capsaicin-sensitive, known to mediate nociception. Histamine and tryptase were mainly localized to mucosal mast cells. IBS-dependent nerve firing and Ca(2+) mobilization were correlated with the area of the colonic lamina propria occupied by mast cells (r = 0.74; P < .01, and r = 0.78; P < .01, respectively). IBS-dependent excitation of dorsal root ganglia was inhibited by histamine H(1) receptor blockade and serine protease inactivation (inhibition of 51.7%; P < .05 and 74.5%; P < .05; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mucosal mast cell mediators from IBS patients excite rat nociceptive visceral sensory nerves. These results provide new insights into the mechanism underlying visceral hypersensitivity in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, and CRBA, University of Bologna, St. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Van Nassauw L, Adriaensen D, Timmermans JP. The bidirectional communication between neurons and mast cells within the gastrointestinal tract. Auton Neurosci 2006; 133:91-103. [PMID: 17169619 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Normal or disordered behaviour of the gastrointestinal tract is determined by a complex interplay between the epithelial barrier, immune cells, blood vessels, smooth muscle and intramurally located nerve elements. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs), which are able to detect noxious and antigenic threats and to generate or amplify signals to the other cells, are assigned a rather central position in this complex network. Signal input from MMCs to intrinsic enteric neurons is particularly crucial, because the enteric nervous system fulfils a pivotal role in the control of gastrointestinal functions. Activated enteric neurons are able to generate an alarm program involving alterations in motility and secretion. MMC signalling to extrinsic nerve fibres takes part in pathways generating visceral pain or extrinsic reflexes contributing to the disturbed motor and secretory function. Morphological and functional studies, especially studies concerning physiological stress, have provided evidence that, apart from the interaction between the enteric nervous system and MMCs, there is also a functional communication between the central nervous system and these mast cells. Psychological factors trigger neuronal pathways, which directly or indirectly affect MMCs. Further basic and clinical research will be needed to clarify in more detail whether basic patterns of this type of interactions are conserved between species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Nassauw
- Research Group Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Roosterman D, Goerge T, Schneider SW, Bunnett NW, Steinhoff M. Neuronal Control of Skin Function: The Skin as a Neuroimmunoendocrine Organ. Physiol Rev 2006; 86:1309-79. [PMID: 17015491 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of the peripheral nervous system in cutaneous biology and disease. During the last few years, a modern concept of an interactive network between cutaneous nerves, the neuroendocrine axis, and the immune system has been established. We learned that neurocutaneous interactions influence a variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions, including cell growth, immunity, inflammation, pruritus, and wound healing. This interaction is mediated by primary afferent as well as autonomic nerves, which release neuromediators and activate specific receptors on many target cells in the skin. A dense network of sensory nerves releases neuropeptides, thereby modulating inflammation, cell growth, and the immune responses in the skin. Neurotrophic factors, in addition to regulating nerve growth, participate in many properties of skin function. The skin expresses a variety of neurohormone receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins that are tightly involved in skin homeostasis and inflammation. This neurohormone-receptor interaction is modulated by endopeptidases, which are able to terminate neuropeptide-induced inflammatory or immune responses. Neuronal proteinase-activated receptors or transient receptor potential ion channels are recently described receptors that may have been important in regulating neurogenic inflammation, pain, and pruritus. Together, a close multidirectional interaction between neuromediators, high-affinity receptors, and regulatory proteases is critically involved to maintain tissue integrity and regulate inflammatory responses in the skin. A deeper understanding of cutaneous neuroimmunoendocrinology may help to develop new strategies for the treatment of several skin diseases.
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Steinhoff M, Bienenstock J, Schmelz M, Maurer M, Wei E, Bíró T. Neurophysiological, neuroimmunological, and neuroendocrine basis of pruritus. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1705-18. [PMID: 16845410 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pruritus (itch) can be defined as an unpleasant cutaneous sensation associated with the immediate desire to scratch. Recent findings have identified potential classes of endogenous "itch mediators" and establish a modern concept for the pathophysiology of pruritus. First, there in no universal peripheral itch mediator, but disease-specific sets of involved mediators. Second, numerous mediators of skin cells can activate and sensitize pruritic nerve endings, and even modulate their growth. Our knowledge of itch processing in the spinal cord and the involved centers in the central nervous system is rapidly growing. This review summarizes the current information about the significance of neuron-skin interactions, ion channels, neuropeptides, proteases, cannabinoids, opioids, kinins, cytokines, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and their receptors in the pathobiology of pruritus. A deeper understanding of these circuits is required for the development of novel antipruritic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology, IZKF Münster, Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute for Immunobiology of the Skin, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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De Swert KO, Lefebvre RA, Pauwels RA, Joos GF. Role of the tachykinin NK(1) receptor in mediating contraction to 5-hydroxytryptamine and antigen in the mouse trachea. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2006; 20:588-95. [PMID: 16919985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimmune interactions are important in airway diseases such as asthma. We evaluated the role of the tachykinin NK(1) receptor in the contractile response of isolated trachea from tachykinin NK(1) receptor wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, to the antigen ovalbumin and the contractile agonist serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). One percent ovalbumin induced contractions of tracheas obtained from ovalbumin-immunized and exposed mice. The tracheas from WT animals showed larger contractions compared to the KO mice. Tracheas from sensitized and ovalbumin-exposed animals released 5-hydroxytyptamine upon addition of ovalbumin. No higher levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were released from tracheas of WT animals. Tracheas of non-sensitized animals did not release 5-hydroxytryptamine upon ovalbumin challenge. Responses to ovalbumin were abrogated by methysergide, a broad 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist. Exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine contracted tracheas but WT tracheas responded significantly more. Atropine and tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions of the WT tracheas, while they did not affect 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions of KO tracheas. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions from atropine- or TTX-treated WT tracheas did not differ significantly from the contractions of the KO tracheas. Single tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonists SR140,333 and RP67,580 had no effect on 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions. In conclusion, the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced tracheal contraction includes a cholinergic mechanism that requires the presence of the tachykinin NK(1) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelijne O De Swert
- Department Respiratory Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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40
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Levy D, Burstein R, Strassman AM. Mast Cell Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Migraine Headache: A Hypothesis. Headache 2006; 46 Suppl 1:S13-8. [PMID: 16927959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Migraine attacks are triggered by a variety of conditions including endogenous and exogenous factors. Evidence suggests that activation and sensitization of primary afferent meningeal nociceptive neurons, the peripheral arm of the trigeminovascular system, constitutes one of the earliest events promoting the intracranial pain of migraine. However, the link between the varied triggering factors and activation of meningeal nociceptive neurons is not completely understood. Local inflammation with release of mediators from local immune/inflammatory cells is thought to play a critical role in such neuronal response. Meningeal mast cells may play such a role by virtue of their proximity both to meningeal blood vessels and nociceptive axons and their ability to release a host of proinflammatory/algesic mediators. This paper reviews data relevant to the hypothesis that mast cells, upon activation by migraine triggers, contribute to the genesis of migraine headache. Epidemiologic findings, clinical data, and observations on anatomical and physiological characteristics of mast cells converge to suggest an important role of these immune cells in the pathogenesis of migraine. Migraine triggers might directly or indirectly promote mediator secretion from meningeal mast cells, and thereby cause inflammation and activation of the trigeminovascular system. While consistent, the evidence supporting mast cell involvement in the genesis of migraine is largely circumstantial to date. Further studies are needed to test directly the nature of mast cell involvement in the pathogenesis of migraine headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Levy
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Headache Research Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Arizmendi-Puga NG, Enciso JA, Ortega-Pierres G, Zhao Z, Duszyk M, Ulanova M, Befus AD, Yépez-Mulia L. Trichinella spiralis: histamine secretion induced by TSL-1 antigens from unsensitized mast cells. Exp Parasitol 2006; 114:67-76. [PMID: 16600218 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells' hyperplasia and activation are prominent features in Trichinella spiralis infection. Recently, it was shown that TSL-1 antigens from T. spiralis muscle larvae induce IL-4 and TNF release by unsensitized, normal mast cells (MC) involving an Ig-independent mechanism. In this study, we characterized histamine secretion induced by TSL-1 antigens from normal, unsensitized rat peritoneal MC. Maximum histamine secretion (30+/-5.3% SEM, n=13) was achieved with 30 ng/mL TSL-1 antigens. However, TSL-1 did not induce an increase in beta-hexosaminidase release or NADPH oxidase activity by MC. Interestingly, histamine secretion by TSL-1 was completed at 10s, and was inhibited by both Bordetella pertussis toxin and neuraminidase V, characteristics similar to those involved in substance P-induced histamine secretion. However, in contrast to substance P, TSL-1 induced histamine secretion in the absence of detectable changes in intracellular Ca(2+). We are investigating the molecular pathways involved in MC activation by TSL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcy G Arizmendi-Puga
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
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42
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Barbara G, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R, Corinaldesi R. Functional gastrointestinal disorders and mast cells: implications for therapy. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006; 18:6-17. [PMID: 16371078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders is poorly understood. Accepted common mechanisms include psychosocial factors, abnormal gastrointestinal motility and disturbed visceral sensory perception, but the underlying causes remain unclear. Mast cells (MCs) are immunocytes widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Several stimuli (e.g. allergens, neuropeptides and stress) lead to MC activation with consequent mediator release (e.g. histamine, tryptase and prostanoids). The MC mediators interact with nerves supplying the gut leading to altered gut physiology and increased sensory perception. The intestinal mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients contains on average an increased number of MCs. These cells release an increased amount of mediators in close vicinity to mucosal innervation. The MC activation and their close proximity to nerve fibres is correlated with the severity of perceived abdominal painful sensations. These data provide a strong basis for considering MCs as important participants in visceral hypersensitivity and pain perception in irritable bowel syndrome. Inhibition of MC function may ameliorate irritable bowel symptoms. Novel drugs with an increased potential in the control of MC function (e.g., anti-IgE antibodies, the intracellular protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor Syk) and mediator release (e.g., second generation antihistamines, proteinase-activated receptor antagonists) may be useful pharmacological tools for these common disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barbara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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43
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Paus R, Theoharides TC, Arck PC. Neuroimmunoendocrine circuitry of the ‘brain-skin connection’. Trends Immunol 2006; 27:32-9. [PMID: 16269267 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The skin offers an ideally suited, clinically relevant model for studying the crossroads between peripheral and systemic responses to stress. A 'brain-skin connection' with local neuroimmunoendocrine circuitry underlies the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory skin diseases, triggered or aggravated by stress. In stressed mice, corticotropin-releasing hormone, nerve growth factor, neurotensin, substance P and mast cells are recruited hierarchically to induce neurogenic skin inflammation, which inhibits hair growth. The hair follicle is both a target and a source for immunomodulatory stress mediators, and has an equivalent of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, the skin and its appendages enable the study of complex neuroimmunoendocrine responses that peripheral tissues launch upon stress exposure, as a basis for identifying new targets for therapeutic stress intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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44
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Theoharides TC, Papaliodis D, Tagen M, Konstantinidou A, Kempuraj D, Clemons A. Chronic fatigue syndrome, mast cells, and tricyclic antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:515-20. [PMID: 16282830 DOI: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000193483.89260.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Furuno T. [Confocal laser scanning microscopy to study molecular mechanism of mast cell activation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 125:671-83. [PMID: 16141688 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.125.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the immune system, mast cells are a key cell type in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent hypersensitivity reactions. Engagement of the high-affinity IgE receptors by multivalent antigens initiates the downstream activation of signal-transducing enzymes and evokes degranulation and cytokine production via an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In addition, mast cells also play a prominent role in non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Mast cells are closely apposed to nerves in vivo and are likely to be regulated functionally by nerves. However, the molecular mechanisms for mast cell activation in an IgE-dependent and -independent manner have not been fully clarified. Confocal laser scanning microscopy has played an essential role in cell biology by allowing visualization of specific intracellular signaling molecules with high spatiotemporal resolution in living cells. We have studied intracellular movements of Ca2+ using a specific fluorescent probe and several types of signaling molecules using derivatives of green fluorescent protein in a living single mast cell using a microscopic strategy. We here describe our imaging analysis of the calcium signals to the nucleus, the movement of secretory granules in the degranulation process, and the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of mitogen-activated protein kinase in mast cells. Further, we demonstrate that direct communication between mast cells and nerves occurs. These findings provide useful information from a new perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of allergic reaction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahide Furuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University,Tanabe-dori, Nagoya, Japan.
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Theoharides TC, Donelan J, Kandere-Grzybowska K, Konstantinidou A. The role of mast cells in migraine pathophysiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 49:65-76. [PMID: 15960987 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are critical players in allergic reactions, but they have also been shown to be important in immunity and recently also in inflammatory diseases, especially asthma. Migraines are episodic, typically unilateral, throbbing headaches that occur more frequently in patients with allergy and asthma implying involvement of meningeal and/or brain mast cells. These mast cells are located perivascularly, in close association with neurons especially in the dura, where they can be activated following trigeminal nerve, as well as cervical or sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), hemokinin A, neurotensin (NT), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), and substance P (SP) activate mast cells leading to secretion of vasoactive, pro-inflammatory, and neurosensitizing mediators, thereby contributing to migraine pathogenesis. Brain mast cells can also secrete pro-inflammatory and vasodilatory molecules such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), selectively in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a mediator of stress which is known to precipitate or exacerbate migraines. A better understanding of brain mast cell activation in migraines would be useful and could lead to several points of prophylactic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts-New England Medical Center, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Kleij HPVD, Bienenstock J. Significance of Conversation between Mast Cells and Nerves. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2005; 1:65-80. [PMID: 20529227 PMCID: PMC2877069 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-1-2-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more studies are demonstrating interactions between the nervous system and the immune system. However, the functional relevance of this interaction still remains to be elucidated. Such associations have been found in the intestine between nerves and mast cells as well as between eosinophils and plasma cells. Similar morphologic associations have been demonstrated in the liver, mesentery, urinary bladder, and skin. Unmyelinated axons especially were found to associate with mast cells as well as Langerhans' cells in primate as well as murine skin. Although there are several pathways by which immune cells interact with the nervous system, the focus in this review will be on the interaction between mast cells and nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Pm van der Kleij
- Brain-Body Institute and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, St, Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
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48
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Lai YL, Lin TY. Mast cells in citric acid-induced cough of guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 202:18-24. [PMID: 15589973 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It was demonstrated previously that mast cells play an important role in citric acid (CA)-induced airway constriction. To investigate the role of mast cells in CA-induced cough, three experiments were carried out in this study. In the first experiment, 59 guinea pigs were employed and we used compound 48/80 to deplete mast cells, cromolyn sodium to stabilize mast cells, MK-886 to inhibit leukotriene synthesis, pyrilamine to antagonize histamine H(1) receptor, methysergide to antagonize serotonin receptor, and indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase. In the second experiment, 56 compound 48/80-pretreated animals were divided into two parts; the first one was used to test the role of exogenous leukotriene (LT) C(4), while the second one to test the role of exogenous histamine in CA-induced cough. Each animal with one of the above pretreatments was exposed sequentially to saline (baseline) and CA (0.6 M) aerosol, each for 3 min. Then, cough was recorded for 12 min using a barometric body plethysmograph. In the third experiment, the activation of mast cells upon CA inhalation was investigated by determining arterial plasma histamine concentration in 17 animals. Exposure to CA induced a marked increase in cough number. Compound 48/80, cromolyn sodium, MK-886 and pyrilamine, but not indomethacin or methysergide, significantly attenuated CA-induced cough. Injection of LTC(4) or histamine caused a significant increase in CA-induced cough in compound 48/80-pretreated animals. In addition, CA inhalation caused significant increase in plasma histamine concentration, which was blocked by compound 48/80 pretreatment. These results suggest that mast cells play an important role in CA aerosol inhalation-induced cough via perhaps mediators LTs and histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Loong Lai
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Furuno T, Ma D, van der Kleij HPM, Nakanishi M, Bienenstock J. Bone marrow-derived mast cells in mice respond in co-culture to scorpion venom activation of superior cervical ganglion neurites according to level of expression of NK-1 receptors. Neurosci Lett 2004; 372:185-9. [PMID: 15542237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Revised: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In virtually all tissues of the body, mast cells are closely associated with nerve fibers, mostly of sensory origin. While mast cells can be activated by substance P, evidence for the involvement of NK-1 receptors is very limited. To study functional interactions between mast cells and peripheral nerves, bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) and superior cervical ganglia (SCG) were co-cultured. Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells are homologues for mucosal mast cells and have recently been shown to express NK-1 receptors. Bi-directional interaction was studied using a fluorescent calcium indicator as an index of cellular activation. Scorpion venom, not affecting BMMC by itself, caused a rapid increase in neurite fluorescence subsequently followed by activation of the mast cell. The latter was inhibited by the NK-1 receptor antagonist SR140333, showing the direct involvement of substance P and its receptor in this co-culture system. Activation of BMMC seemed to be directly correlated with extent of NK-1 receptor expression. Immature c-kit positive cells not expressing NK-1 gave a negligible response to neurite activation. In addition, there was a maximum stimulation occurring when NK-1 expression exceeded 16% on BMMC after cytokine stimulation. Our findings show that the expression of NK-1 receptors appears to be important for nerve-mast cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahide Furuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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De Jonge F, De Laet A, Van Nassauw L, Brown JK, Miller HRP, van Bogaert PP, Timmermans JP, Kroese ABA. In vitro activation of murine DRG neurons by CGRP-mediated mucosal mast cell degranulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G178-91. [PMID: 15016615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00528.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) primary afferent nerve fibers accompanied by mastocytosis is characteristic for the Schistosoma mansoni-infected murine ileum. These mucosal mast cells (MMC) and CGRP-IR fibers, which originate from dorsal root (DRG) and nodose ganglia, are found in close apposition. We examined interactions between primary cultured MMC and CGRP-IR DRG neurons in vitro by confocal recording of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The degranulatory EC(50) for the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 (C48/80; 10 microg/ml) and the neuropeptides CGRP (2.10(-8) M) and substance P (SP; 3.10(-8) M) were determined by measurement of extracellular release of the granule chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1. Application of C48/80 (10 microg/ml) and CGRP and SP (both 10(-7) M) to Fluo-4-loaded MMC induced a transient rise in [Ca(2+)](i) after a lag time, indicative of mast cell degranulation and/or secretion. The CGRP response could be completely blocked by pertussis toxin (2 microg/ml), indicating involvement of G(i) proteins. Application of MMC juice, obtained by C48/80 degranulation of MMC, to Fluo-4-loaded DRG neurons induced in all neurons a rise in [Ca(2+)](i), indicative of activation. Degranulation of MMC by C48/80 in culture dishes containing Fluo-4-loaded DRG neurons also caused activation of the DRG neurons. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a bidirectional cross-talk between cultured MMC and CGRP-IR DRG neurons in vitro. This indicates that such a communication may be the functional relevance for the close apposition between MMC and CGRP-IR nerve fibers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Jonge
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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