1
|
He L, Wang X, Chen X. Unveiling the role of microRNAs in metabolic dysregulation of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100924. [PMID: 39013209 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) presents a significant health concern globally, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its metabolic intricacies for effective management. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in GDM pathogenesis, influencing glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid homeostasis during pregnancy. Dysregulated miRNA expression, both upregulated and downregulated, contributes to GDM-associated metabolic abnormalities. Ethnic and temporal variations in miRNA expression underscore the multifaceted nature of GDM susceptibility. This review examines the dysregulation of miRNAs in GDM and their regulatory functions in metabolic disorders. We discuss the involvement of specific miRNAs in modulating key pathways implicated in GDM pathogenesis, such as glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we explore the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of miRNAs in GDM management, highlighting the promise of miRNA-based interventions for mitigating the adverse consequences of GDM on maternal and offspring health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Shi Y, Bai C, Wang T, Ruan F, Hu C. Upregulation of MMPs in placentas of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32518. [PMID: 39021921 PMCID: PMC11252657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the incidence of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by glucose intolerance first identified during pregnancy. Analysis of placental tissue has revealed that placentas from women with GDM tend to be larger and heavier compared to control placentas, indicating potential changes in trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on placentas obtained from both normal pregnancies and pregnancies with GDM to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition. The original sequencing data were subjected to sequencing analysis, resulting in the identification of 935 upregulated genes and 256 downregulated genes. The KEGG and GO analysis techniques on differential genes uncovered evidence suggesting that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Subsequent analysis indicated that the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 11, MMP12, MMP14, and MMP15, which are regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway, were upregulated in the placentas of patients with GDM when compared to those of individuals with normal placental function. Additionally, our investigation into alternative splicing patterns revealed an increase in exon skipping alternative splicing of CSF3R in the placenta of patients with GDM compared to that in the control group. The CSF3R-PI3K-MMP pathway is speculated to regulate the pathogenesis of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Yufen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Chunyu Bai
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Fang Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Chuanbing Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Zhao X, Feng X. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240963. [PMID: 38859880 PMCID: PMC11163161 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim With unknown etiology and limited treatment options, unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) remains a thorny problem. Ferroptosis, a newly identified type of cell death, has been shown to be crucial in the development in reproductive disorders. This study aims to explore the specific mechanism of ferroptosis in URPL and to uncover whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can inhibit ferroptosis, and then exert a protective effect in URPL. Method The decidua tissues of URPL and control patients who actively terminated pregnancy were collected. The CBA/J × DBA/2 murine models of URPL were established, and were randomly treated with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists (Rosiglitazone) and ALA. The CBA/J × BALB/c murine models of normal pregnancy were intraperitoneally injected with PPARγ inhibitors (T0070907). Here, we used reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)/GSSG, and FeRhoNox-1 analysis to detect the level of ferroptosis. We used quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis to evaluate the mRNA level of PPARγ. Besides, western blot and immunofluorescence were utilized to test the expression profile of PPARγ/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Results In this study, we found that iron deposition was increased in the decidual tissue of patients with URPL. Additionally, the changes in cell morphology, the level of ROS, MDA, GSH, and the expression of ferroptosis marker proteins NRF2/GPX4 confirmed activated ferroptosis in URPL. Besides, bioinformatics analysis combined with experiments confirmed that PPARγ was critical in triggering NRF2/GPX4 pathway in URPL. Furthermore, URPL mouse models were established, and the results showed that PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis was also significantly increased, which could be mitigated by ALA treatment. Conclusion Overall, these findings suggest that ferroptosis may play an important role in URPL, and ALA might be a promising therapeutic drug for improving pregnancy outcomes in URPL via targeting the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Louwen F, Kreis NN, Ritter A, Yuan J. Maternal obesity and placental function: impaired maternal-fetal axis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2279-2288. [PMID: 38494514 PMCID: PMC11147848 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity rapidly increases, which represents a major public health concern worldwide. Maternal obesity is characteristic by metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation. It is associated with health problems in both mother and offspring. Increasing evidence indicates that the placenta is an axis connecting maternal obesity with poor outcomes in the offspring. In this brief review, we have summarized the current data regarding deregulated placental function in maternal obesity. The data show that maternal obesity induces numerous placental defects, including lipid and glucose metabolism, stress response, inflammation, immune regulation and epigenetics. These placental defects affect each other and result in a stressful intrauterine environment, which transduces and mediates the adverse effects of maternal obesity to the fetus. Further investigations are required to explore the exact molecular alterations in the placenta in maternal obesity, which may pave the way to develop specific interventions for preventing epigenetic and metabolic programming in the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Louwen
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ozawa R, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Maternal hypertensive condition alters adipose tissue function and blood pressure sensitivity in offspring. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149617. [PMID: 38520942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and fetal growth restriction during pregnancy, suggesting that the preeclamptic intrauterine environment may affect the growth and health of the offspring. This study aimed to how maternal hypertension affects male offspring growth, focusing on lipid metabolism and blood pressure in mice. Female mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) on gestational day 12. Dysregulation and accumulation of lipid were observed in the placenta of Ang II-induced maternal hypertensive dams, associating with fetal growth restriction. Ang II-offspring showed lower birth weight than in the control-offspring. Isolated and differentiated adipocyte from neonatal mice of Ang II-dams showed higher Pparγ mRNA expression compared with the control group. Lower body weight tendency had continued in Ang II-offspring during long period, body weight of Ang II-offspring caught up the control-offspring at 16 weeks of age. The adipose tissue of Ang II-offspring in adult also showed higher Pparγ mRNA expression with the accumulation of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes than in those control. In addition, Ang II-offspring had higher basal blood pressure and higher sensitivity to hypertensive stimuli than in the control-offspring. Taken together, maternal hypertension induced by Ang II changes placental function, causing a lower birth weight. These changes in the intrauterine environment may affect adipocyte function and blood pressure of offspring after growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 234-0034, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 234-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 234-0034, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 234-0034, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adibi JJ, Zhao Y, Koistinen H, Mitchell RT, Barrett ES, Miller R, O'Connor TG, Xun X, Liang HW, Birru R, Smith M, Moog NK. Molecular pathways in placental-fetal development and disruption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112075. [PMID: 37852527 PMCID: PMC10958409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures, given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4- and 12-weeks' gestation. One way to quantify potential harm to the fetus in the first trimester is to measure a corollary effect on the placenta. Placental biomarkers are widely present in maternal circulation, cord blood, and placental tissue biopsied at birth or at the time of pregnancy termination. Here we evaluate ten diverse pathways involving molecules expressed in the first trimester human placenta based on their relevance to normal fetal development and to the hypothesis of placental-fetal endocrine disruption (perturbation in development that results in abnormal endocrine function in the offspring), namely: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thyroid hormone regulation, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), leptin, transforming growth factor beta, epiregulin, growth differentiation factor 15, small nucleolar RNAs, serotonin, and vitamin D. Some of these are well-established as biomarkers of placental-fetal endocrine disruption, while others are not well studied and were selected based on discovery analyses of the placental transcriptome. A literature search on these biomarkers summarizes evidence of placenta-specific production and regulation of each biomarker, and their role in fetal reproductive tract, brain, and other specific domains of fetal development. In this review, we extend the theory of fetal programming to placental-fetal programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Population Health Bio-Sciences, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Fleckenstein FN, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Preeclampsia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040647. [PMID: 36831316 PMCID: PMC9954398 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Often presenting as preexisting or new-onset hypertension complicated by proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction, preeclampsia significantly correlates with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms "peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor", "PPAR", and "preeclampsia" were employed and we were able to identify 35 relevant studies published between 2002 and 2022. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae. Interestingly, PPARγ agonists alone, or in combination with well-established pharmaceutical agents, were determined to represent novel, potent anti-preeclamptic treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Florian Nima Fleckenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.N.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (F.N.F.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Potential Role of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213474. [PMID: 36359869 PMCID: PMC9653757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one’s risk for the development of future adult disease. Studies from humans and animals have demonstrated that many diseases can begin in childhood and are caused by a variety of early life traumas, including maternal malnutrition, maternal disease conditions, lifestyle changes, exposure to toxins/chemicals, improper medication during pregnancy, and so on. Recently, the roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in FOAD have been increasingly appreciated due to their wide variety of biological actions. PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily, consisting of three distinct subtypes: PPARα, β/δ, and γ, highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. By controlling the maturation of the oocyte, ovulation, implantation of the embryo, development of the placenta, and male fertility, the PPARs play a crucial role in the transition from embryo to fetus in developing mammals. Exposure to adverse events in early life exerts a profound influence on the methylation pattern of PPARs in offspring organs, which can affect development and health throughout the life course, and even across generations. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPARs in the area of FOAD, highlight the important role of PPARs in FOAD, and provide a potential strategy for early prevention of FOAD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chatterjee B, Neelaveni K, Kenchey H, Thakur SS. An insight into major signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction networks involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100200. [PMID: 35279034 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with the increase of glucose in the blood rather than being absorbed by the cells. A better understanding of the signaling pathways is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of GDM. This study provides details about a series of signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and their evaluations in GDM development. Protein-protein interactions were found between proteins of several signaling pathways that suggest interlink between these signaling pathways. Protein-protein interactions were generated with high confidence interaction scores based on textmining, co-occurrence, coexpression, neighborhood, gene fusion, experiments and databases. The dysregulation of signaling pathways may also contribute to the increased risk of complications associated with GDM in the mother and child. Further, studies on signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of GDM would help in the development of an effective intervention to prevent GDM along with the identification of key targets for effective therapies in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chatterjee
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Himaja Kenchey
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Adiposity Clinics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suman S Thakur
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ustianowski P, Malinowski D, Safranow K, Dziedziejko V, Tarnowski M, Pawlik A. PPARG, TMEM163, UBE2E2 and WFS1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Significant Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes in the Polish Population. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020243. [PMID: 35207731 PMCID: PMC8878167 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disorder that occurs in pregnant women, leading to many maternal and neonatal complications. The pathogenesis of GDM is complex and includes risk factors, such as: age, obesity, and family history of diabetes. Studies have shown that genetic factors also play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. The present study investigated whether polymorphisms in the PPARG (rs1801282), TMEM163 (rs6723108 and rs998451), UBE2E2 (rs6780569), and WFS1 (rs4689388) genes are risk factors for the development of GDM and whether they affect selected clinical parameters in women with GDM. This study included 204 pregnant women with GDM and 207 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks gestation, according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of polymorphisms studied between women with GDM and pregnant women with normal carbohydrate tolerance, which suggests that these polymorphisms are not risk factors for GDM. We also examined the associations between studied gene polymorphisms and clinical parameters: fasting glucose, daily insulin requirement, body mass before pregnancy, body mass at birth, body mass increase during pregnancy, BMI before pregnancy, BMI at birth, BMI increase during pregnancy, new-born body mass, and APGAR score in women with GDM. We observed lower BMI values before pregnancy and at birth in women with PPARG rs17036160 TT genotype. The results of this study suggest that the PPARG (rs1801282), TMEM163 (rs6723108 and rs998451), UBE2E2 (rs6780569), and WFS1 (rs4689388) gene polymorphisms are not significant risk factors for GDM development in the Polish population and do not affect the clinical parameters in women with GDM; only rs1801282 of the PPARG gene may influence BMI values in women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Ustianowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mauro AK, Rengarajan A, Albright C, Boeldt DS. Fatty acids in normal and pathological pregnancies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111466. [PMID: 34610360 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long chain fatty acids, namely omega-3 and omega-6, are essential fatty acids and are necessary for proper pregnancy progression and fetal growth and development. Maternal fatty acid consumption and release of fatty acids from lipid stores provide increased availability of fatty acids for the placenta to transport to the growing fetus. Both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are then utilized for generation of signaling molecules, such as eicosanoids, and for promoting of growth and developmental, most notably in the nervous system. Perturbations in fatty acid concentration and fatty acid signaling have been implicated in three major pregnancy complications - gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. In this review we discuss the growing literature surrounding the role of fatty acids in normal and pathological pregnancies. Differences in maternal, placental, and fetal fatty acids and molecular regulation of fatty acid signaling and transport are presented. A look into novel fatty acid-based therapies for each of the highlighted disorders are discussed, and may present exciting bench to bedside alternatives to traditional pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Mauro
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Aishwarya Rengarajan
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Carly Albright
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Derek S Boeldt
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu H, Huang Q, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhong Z. Analysis of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Miscarriages During Early and Middle Pregnancy. Front Genet 2021; 12:732419. [PMID: 34603391 PMCID: PMC8484914 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.732419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the copy number variations (CNVs) associated with miscarriage during early and middle pregnancy and provide useful genetic guidance for pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis. A total of 505 fetal specimens were collected and CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) analysis was performed to determine the types and clinical significance of CNVs, and relevant medical records were collected. The chromosomal abnormality rate was 54.3% (274/505), among which the numerical chromosomal abnormality rate was 40.0% (202/505) and structural chromosomal abnormality rate was 14.3% (72/505). Chromosomal monosomy mainly occurred on sex chromosomes, and chromosomal trisomy mainly occurred on chromosomes 16, 22, 21, 15, 13, and 9. The incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in ≥35 year-old age pregnant women was significantly higher than <35 year-old age group. The highest incidence of pathogenic CNV (pCNV) was found in fetuses at ≤6 weeks of pregnancy (5.26%), and the incidence of variants of unknown significance (VOUS) CNVs decreased gradually with the increase of gestational age. The rate of chromosomal abnormalities of fetuses in early pregnancy (59.5%) was higher than that of fetuses in middle pregnancy (27.2%) (p < 0.001). There were 168 genes in VOUS + pCNV regions. 41 functions and 12 pathways (p < 0.05) were enriched of these genes by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Some meaningful genetic etiology information such as genes and pathways has been obtained, it may provide useful genetic guidance for pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wilson SL, Wallingford M. Epigenetic regulation of reproduction in human and in animal models. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6329199. [PMID: 34318322 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Wallingford
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chiu KC, Sisca F, Ying JH, Tsai WJ, Hsieh WS, Chen PC, Liu CY. Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure in association with PPARγ H3K4me3 and DNA methylation levels and child development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116511. [PMID: 33540251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos, one of the most widely used pesticides, can penetrate the placenta and affect fetal growth and neurodevelopment. Epigenetic regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), such as DNA methylation and trimethylation of lysine 4 of H3 (H3K4me3), may provide a potential mechanism for how fetal growth and development are impacted by chlorpyrifos exposure. The aims of the study were to investigate whether prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure was associated with H3K4me3 and DNA methylation levels of the PPARγ gene in the placenta and the related effects on birth outcomes and neurodevelopment. METHODS Among 425 mother-infant pairs from the Taiwan Birth Panel Study, chlorpyrifos levels were measured in cord blood by using online SPE-LC/HESI/MS/MS; placental PPARγ H3K4me3 and DNA methylation levels were measured by ChIP-qPCR and pyrosequencing, respectively; the neonates' health outcomes were extracted from the medical records; and childhood neurodevelopment was evaluated by using the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers in 2-year-old children. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, each unit increase in the natural log-transformed prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure level was associated with an increase in the PPARγ DNA methylation level (adjusted β (aβ) = 0.77, p = 0.032) and poorer performance in the cognitive and language domains at 2 years old, especially in boys (aβ = -1.66, p = 0.016, and aβ = -1.79, p = 0.023, respectively). PPARγ H3K4me3 levels were positively associated with gestational age (aβ = 0.16, p = 0.011), birth weight (aβ = 30.52, p = 0.013), birth length (aβ = 0.18, p = 0.003 and aβ = 0.15, p = 0.042), and gross-motor performance (aβ = 1.67, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure affected PPARγ DNA methylation levels and performance in the cognitive and language domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chih Chiu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Fran Sisca
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hao Ying
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National,Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sundrani DP, Karkhanis AR, Joshi SR. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR), fatty acids and microRNAs: Implications in women delivering low birth weight babies. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:24-41. [PMID: 33719831 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1858994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) babies are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and are at increased risk for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. However, the molecular determinants of LBW are not well understood. Placental insufficiency/dysfunction is the most frequent etiology for fetal growth restriction resulting in LBW and placental epigenetic processes are suggested to be important regulators of pregnancy outcome. Early life exposures like altered maternal nutrition may have long-lasting effects on the health of the offspring via epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) regulation. miRNAs have been recognized as major regulators of gene expression and are known to play an important role in placental development. Angiogenesis in the placenta is known to be regulated by transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) which is activated by ligands such as long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). In vitro studies in different cell types indicate that fatty acids can influence epigenetic mechanisms like miRNA regulation. We hypothesize that maternal fatty acid status may influence the miRNA regulation of PPAR genes in the placenta in women delivering LBW babies. This review provides an overview of miRNAs and their regulation of PPAR gene in the placenta of women delivering LBW babies.Abbreviations: AA - Arachidonic Acid; Ago2 - Argonaute2; ALA - Alpha-Linolenic Acid; ANGPTL4 - Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; C14MC - Chromosome 14 miRNA Cluster; C19MC - Chromosome 19 miRNA Cluster; CLA - Conjugated Linoleic Acid; CSE - Cystathionine γ-Lyase; DHA - Docosahexaenoic Acid; EFA - Essential Fatty Acids; E2F3 - E2F transcription factor 3; EPA - Eicosapentaenoic Acid; FGFR1 - Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1; GDM - Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; hADMSCs - Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; hBMSCs - Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells; HBV - Hepatitis B Virus; HCC - Hepatocellular Carcinoma; HCPT - Hydroxycamptothecin; HFD - High-Fat Diet; Hmads - Human Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem; HSCS - Human Hepatic Stellate Cells; IUGR - Intrauterine Growth Restriction; LA - Linoleic Acid; LBW - Low Birth Weight; LCPUFA - Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; MEK1 - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; MiRNA - MicroRNA; mTOR - Mammalian Target of Rapamycin; NCDs - NonCommunicable Diseases; OA - Oleic Acid; PASMC - Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell; PLAG1 - Pleiomorphic Adenoma Gene 1; PPAR - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor; PPARα - PPAR alpha; PPARγ - PPAR gamma; PPARδ - PPAR delta; pre-miRNA - precursor miRNA; RISC - RNA-Induced Silencing Complex; ROS - Reactive Oxygen Species; SAT - Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue; WHO - World Health Organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali P Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Aishwarya R Karkhanis
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Szilagyi JT, Avula V, Fry RC. Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Their Effects on the Placenta, Pregnancy, and Child Development: a Potential Mechanistic Role for Placental Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:222-230. [PMID: 32812200 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies highlighting perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the placenta, pregnancy outcomes, and child health. It highlights human population-based associations as well as in vitro-based experimental data to inform an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these health effects. Among the mechanisms by which PFAS may induce toxicity is via their interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), nuclear receptors that regulate lipid metabolism and placental functions important to healthy pregnancies, as well as fetal and child development. RECENT FINDINGS In utero exposure to prevalent environmental contaminants such as PFAS is associated with negative health outcomes during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and later in life. Specifically, PFAS have been associated with increased incidence of gestational diabetes, childhood obesity, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. In terms of placental molecular mechanisms underlying these associations, studies demonstrate that PFAS interfere with trophoblast lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and invasion. Moreover these effects could be mediated in part by the interaction between PFAS and PPARs, as well as other biological mechanisms. This review summarizes how PFAS, critical environmental contaminants, may contribute to diseases of pregnancy as well as early and later child health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vennela Avula
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pizent A. Developmental toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Challenges and future directions. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-34457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal exposure to a mixture of various endocrine disruptors (EDCs) may have a substantial impact on postnatal health of her offspring(s) and increase the risk for health disorders and diseases in adulthood. Research efforts to better understand the health risk associated with endocrine disruptor exposures in early life have increased in recent decades. This paper provides a short overview of the current challenges that researchers continue to face in selecting appropriate epidemiologic methods and study designs to identify endocrine disruptors and evaluate their adverse health effects during this critical developmental window. Major challenges involve the selection of a representative biomarker that reflects the foetal internal dose of the biologically active chemical or its metabolite(s) that may be associated with adverse health effects with regard to variable level and duration of exposure and the latency between exposure and disorder/disease manifestation. Future studies should pay more attention to identifying factors that contribute to interindividual variability in susceptibility to various EDCs and other toxicants.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu ZN, Jiang Y, Liu XQ, Yang MM, Chen C, Zhao BH, Huang HF, Luo Q. MiRNAs in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:4632745. [PMID: 34869778 PMCID: PMC8635917 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4632745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication which is normally diagnosed in the second trimester of gestation. With an increasing incidence, GDM poses a significant threat to maternal and offspring health. Therefore, we need a deeper understanding of GDM pathophysiology and novel investigation on the diagnosis and treatment for GDM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenic small noncoding RNAs with a length of approximately 19-24 nucleotides, have been reported to exert their function in gene expression by binding to proteins or being enclosed in membranous vesicles, such as exosomes. Studies have investigated the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM and their potential as noninvasive biological candidates for the management of GDM, including diagnosis and treatment. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiological significance of miRNAs in GDM development and their potential function in GDM clinical diagnosis and therapeutic approach. In this review, we summarized an integrated expressional profile and the pathophysiological significance of placental exosomes and associated miRNAs, as well as other plasma miRNAs such as exo-AT. Furthermore, we also discussed the practical application of exosomes in GDM postpartum outcomes and the potential function of several miRNAs as therapeutic target in the GDM pathological pathway, thus providing a novel clinical insight of these biological signatures into GDM therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Nan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xuan-Qi Liu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Bai-Hui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gomez Ribot D, Diaz E, Fazio MV, Gómez HL, Fornes D, Macchi SB, Gresta CA, Capobianco E, Jawerbaum A. An extra virgin olive oil-enriched diet improves maternal, placental, and cord blood parameters in GDM pregnancies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3349. [PMID: 32447799 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To address the effect of a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on maternal metabolic parameters and placental proinflammatory markers in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. METHODS Pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation were enrolled: 33 GDM patients which were randomly assigned or not to the EVOO-enriched group and 17 healthy controls. Metabolic parameters were determined. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα protein expression, expression of microRNA (miR)-130a and miR-518d (which respectively target these PPAR isoforms) and levels of proinflammatory markers were evaluated in term placentas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was evaluated in term placentas and umbilical cord blood. RESULTS GDM patients that received the EVOO-enriched diet showed reduced pregnancy weight gain (GDM-EVOO:10.3 ± 0.9, GDM:14.2 ± 1.4, P = .03) and reduced triglyceridemia (GDM-EVOO:231 ± 14, GDM:292 ± 21, P = .02) compared to the non-EVOO-enriched GDM group. In GDM placentas, the EVOO-enriched diet did not regulate PPARγ protein expression or miR-130a expression, but prevented the reduced PPARα protein expression (P = .02 vs GDM) and the increased miR-518d expression (P = .009 vs GDM). Increased proinflammatory markers (interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide overproduction) in GDM placentas were prevented by the EVOO-enriched diet (respectively P = .001, P = .001 and P = .01 vs GDM). MMPs overactivity was prevented in placenta and umbilical cord blood in the EVOO-enriched GDM group (MMP-9: respectively P = .01 and P = .001 vs GDM). CONCLUSIONS A diet enriched in EVOO in GDM patients reduced maternal triglyceridemia and weight gain and has antiinflammatory properties in placenta and umbilical cord blood, possibly mediated by the regulation of PPAR pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalmiro Gomez Ribot
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Diaz
- Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Hebe Lorena Gómez
- Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Changes in circulating miRNA19a-3p precede insulin resistance programmed by intra-uterine growth retardation in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101083. [PMID: 32956848 PMCID: PMC7559280 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Individuals born with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are more prone to cardio-metabolic diseases as adults, and environmental changes during the perinatal period have been identified as potentially crucial factors. We have studied in a preclinical model early-onset molecular alterations present before the development of a clinical phenotype. Methods We used a preclinical mouse model of induced IUGR, in which we modulated the nutrition of the pups during the suckling period, to modify their susceptibility to cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. Results Mice born with IUGR that were overfed (IUGR-O) during lactation rapidly developed obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, by three months of age, whereas those subjected to nutrition restriction during lactation (IUGR-R) remained permanently thin and highly sensitive to insulin. Mice born with IUGR and fed normally during lactation (IUGR-N) presented an intermediate phenotype and developed insulin resistance by 12 months of age. Molecular alterations to the insulin signaling pathway with an early onset were observed in the livers of adult IUGR-N mice, nine months before the appearance of insulin resistance. The implication of epigenetic changes was revealed by ChIP sequencing, with both posttranslational H3K4me3 histone modifications and microRNAs involved. Conclusions These two changes lead to the coherent regulation of insulin signaling, with a decrease in Akt gene transcription associated with an increase in the translation of its inhibitor, Pten. Moreover, we found that the levels of the implicated miRNA19a-3p also decreased in the blood of young adult IUGR mice nine months before the appearance of insulin resistance, suggesting a possible role for this miRNA as an early circulating biomarker of metabolic fate of potential use for precision medicine. Male mice are highly sensitive to changes in nutrition during the perinatal period. Post-natal nutrition modulates metabolic diseases induced by IUGR in male mice. Metabolic programming by perinatal nutrition involves epigenetic mechanisms. Pre-symptomatic IUGR mice present molecular alterations of the insulin pathway. Plasma miRNA19a-3p levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
22
|
Effects of Maternal Resveratrol on Maternal High-Fat Diet/Obesity with or without Postnatal High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103428. [PMID: 32408716 PMCID: PMC7279178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of maternal resveratrol in rats borne to dams with gestational high-fat diet (HFD)/obesity with or without postnatal high-fat diet. We first tested the effects of maternal resveratrol intake on placenta and male fetus brain in rats borne to dams with gestational HFD/obesity. Then, we assessed the possible priming effect of a subsequent insult, male offspring were weaned onto either a rat chow or a HFD. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Blood pressure and peripheral insulin resistance were examined. Maternal HFD/obesity decreased adiponectin, phosphorylation alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (pAKT), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat placenta, male fetal brain, and adult male offspring dorsal hippocampus. Maternal resveratrol treatment restored adiponectin, pAKT, and BDNF in fetal brain. It also reduced body weight, peripheral insulin resistance, increased blood pressure, and alleviated cognitive impairment in adult male offspring with combined maternal HFD and postnatal HFD. Maternal resveratrol treatment restored hippocampal pAKT and BDNF in rats with combined maternal HFD and postnatal HFD in adult male offspring dorsal hippocampus. Maternal resveratrol intake protects the fetal brain in the context of maternal HFD/obesity. It effectively reduced the synergistic effects of maternal HFD/obesity and postnatal HFD on metabolic disturbances and cognitive impairment in adult male offspring. Our data suggest that maternal resveratrol intake may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy in the context of maternal HFD/obesity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Weinheimer C, Wang H, Comstock JM, Singh P, Wang Z, Locklear BA, Goodwin KL, Maschek JA, Cox JE, Baack ML, Joss-Moore LA. Maternal Tobacco Smoke Exposure Causes Sex-Divergent Changes in Placental Lipid Metabolism in the Rat. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:631-643. [PMID: 32046449 PMCID: PMC7539808 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure (MTS) affects fetal acquisition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and increases the risk of obesity and cardio-metabolic disease in the offspring. Alterations in fetal LCPUFA acquisition in maternal smoking are mediated by the placenta. The handling of LCPUFA by the placenta involves protein-mediated transfer and storage. Molecular mediators of placental LCPUFA handling include PPARγ and the fatty acid transport proteins. We previously demonstrated, in a rat model, that MTS results in programming of adult-onset obesity and metabolic disease in male, but not female, offspring. In this study, we test the hypothesis that in utero MTS exposure alters placental structure, placental LCPUFA handling, and fetal fatty acid levels, in a sex-divergent manner. We exposed pregnant rats to tobacco smoke from embryonic day 11 to term gestation. We measured placental and fetal fatty acid profiles, the systolic/diastolic ratio (SD ratio), placental histology, and expression of molecular mediators in the placenta. Our primary finding is that MTS alters fatty acid profiles in male, but not female fetuses and placenta, including increasing the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. MTS also increased SD ratio in male, but not female placenta. In contrast, the expression of PPARγ and FATPs was upregulated in female, but not male placenta. We conclude that MTS causes sex-divergent changes in placental handling of LCPUFA in the rat. We speculate that our results demonstrate an adaptive response to MTS by the female placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Weinheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Haimei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | | | - Purneet Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Zhengming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Brent A Locklear
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Kasi L Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Health Science Center Cores, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Health Science Center Cores, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Joss-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roberti SL, Higa R, White V, Powell TL, Jansson T, Jawerbaum A. Critical role of mTOR, PPARγ and PPARδ signaling in regulating early pregnancy decidual function, embryo viability and feto-placental growth. Mol Hum Reprod 2019. [PMID: 29538677 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the consequences of inhibiting mTOR, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and PPARδ pathways in the early post-implantation period on decidual function, embryo viability and feto-placental growth in the rat? SUMMARY ANSWER mTOR inhibition from Days 7 to 9 of pregnancy in rats caused decidual PPARγ and PPARδ upregulation on Day 9 of pregnancy and resulted in embryo resorption by Day 14 of pregnancy. PPARγ and PPARδ inhibition differentially affected decidual mTOR signaling and levels of target proteins relevant to lipid histotrophic nutrition and led to reduced feto-placental weights on Day 14 of pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although mTOR, PPARγ and PPARδ are nutrient sensors important during implantation, the role of these signaling pathways in decidual function and how they interact in the early post-implantation period are unknown. Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), two adipogenic proteins involved in lipid histotrophic nutrition, are targets of mTOR and PPAR signaling pathways in a variety of tissues. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, 0.75 mg/kg, sc), T0070907 (PPARγ inhibitor, 0.001 mg/kg, sc), GSK0660 (PPARδ inhibitor, 0.1 mg/kg, sc) or vehicle was injected daily to pregnant rats from Days 7 to 9 of pregnancy and the studies were performed on Day 9 of pregnancy (n = 7 per group) or Day 14 of pregnancy (n = 7 per group). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS On Day 9 of pregnancy, rat decidua were collected and prepared for western blot and immunohistochemical studies. On Day 14 of pregnancy, the resorption rate, number of viable fetuses, crown-rump length and placental and decidual weights were determined. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Inhibition of mTOR in the early post-implantation period led to a reduction in FABP4 protein levels, an increase in PLIN2 levels and an upregulation of PPARγ and PPARδ in 9-day-pregnant rat decidua. Most embryos were viable on Day 9 of pregnancy but had resorbed by Day 14 of pregnancy. This denotes a key function of mTOR in the post-implantation period and suggests that activation of PPAR signaling was insufficient to compensate for impaired nutritional/survival signaling induced by mTOR inhibition. Inhibition of PPARγ signaling resulted in decreased decidual PLIN2 and FABP4 protein expression as well as in inhibition of decidual mTOR signaling in Day 9 of pregnancy. This treatment also reduced feto-placental growth on Day 14 of pregnancy, revealing the relevance of PPARγ signaling in sustaining post-implantation growth. Moreover, following inhibition of PPARδ, PLIN2 levels were decreased and mTOR complex 1 and 2 signaling was altered in decidua on Day 9 of pregnancy. On Day 14 of pregnancy, PPARδ inhibition caused reduced feto-placental weight, increased decidual weight and increased resorption rate, suggesting a key role of PPARδ in sustaining post-implantation development. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is an in vivo animal study and the relevance of the results for humans remains to be established. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The early post-implantation period is a critical window of development and changes in the intrauterine environment may cause embryo resorption and lead to placental and fetal growth restriction. mTOR, PPARγ and PPARδ signaling are decidual nutrient sensors with extensive cross-talk that regulates adipogenic proteins involved in histotrophic nutrition and important for embryo viability and early placental and fetal development and growth. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was provided by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de Argentina (PICT 2014-411 and PICT 2015-0130), and by the International Cooperation (Grants CONICET-NIH-2014 and CONICET-NIH-2017) to A.J. and T.J. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Roberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, 1121 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, 1121 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica White
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, 1121 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, 1121 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
In utero sFlt-1 exposure differentially affects gene expression patterns in fetal liver. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 10:353-361. [PMID: 30968813 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase factor 1 (sFlt-1) is a major contributor to antiangiogenesis during preeclampsia. However, little is known about the effects of sFlt-1 on fetal health. In this study we aim to evaluate the effects of the sFlt-1 concentration during pregnancy on fetal liver physiology. We used adenoviral gene delivery in Sprague-Dawley dams (seven females, 10 weeks old) during mid-gestation (gestational day 8) with adenovirus overexpressing sFlt-1, and age-matched controls (six females, 10 weeks old) with empty adenoviral virus in order to quantify the sFlt-1 concentrations in pregnant dams. Dams exposed to adenoviral sFlt-1 delivery were subdivided into a low (n=4) and high sFlt-1 (n=3) group based on host response to the virus. One-way analysis of variance showed that fetuses (five per dam) exposed to high sFlt-1 concentrations in utero show fetal growth restriction (1.84±0.043 g high sFlt-1 v. 2.32±0.036 g control; mean (M)±s.e.m.; P<0.001), without hypertension or proteinuria in the dams. In continuation, the microarray analysis of the fetal liver of the high sFlt-1 group showed significant enrichment of key genes for fatty acid metabolism and Ppara targets. In addition, using pyrosequencing, we found that the Ppara enrichment in the high sFlt-1 group is accompanied by decreased methylation of its promoter (1.89±0.097 mean % methylation in high sFlt-1 v. 2.26±0.095 mean % methylation in control, M±s.e.m., P<0.02). Our data show that high sFlt-1 concentrations during pregnancy have detrimental effects on the fatty acid metabolism genes and the Ppara targets in the fetal liver.
Collapse
|
26
|
Thomas MM, Haghiac M, Grozav C, Minium J, Calabuig-Navarro V, O'Tierney-Ginn P. Oxidative Stress Impairs Fatty Acid Oxidation and Mitochondrial Function in the Term Placenta. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:972-978. [PMID: 30304995 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118802054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Placental fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is impaired and lipid storage is increased in pregnancy states associated with chronic oxidative stress. The effect of acute oxidative stress, as seen in pregnancies complicated with asthma, on placental lipid metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that induction of acute oxidative stress would decrease FAO and increase esterification. We assessed [3H]-palmitate oxidation and esterification in term placental explants from lean women after exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 4 hours. Fatty acid oxidation decreased 16% and 24% in placental explants exposed to 200 (P = .02) and 400 µM H2O2 (P = .01), respectively. Esterification was not altered with H2O2 exposure. Neither messenger RNA nor protein expression of key genes involved in FAO (eg, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b) were altered. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels decreased with induction of oxidative stress, without increasing cytotoxicity. Acute oxidative stress decreased FAO and ATP production in the term placenta without altering fatty acid esterification. As decreases in placental FAO and ATP production are associated with impaired fetal growth, pregnancies exposed to acute oxidative stress may be at risk for fetal growth restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Thomas
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maricela Haghiac
- 2 Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catalin Grozav
- 2 Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Judi Minium
- 2 Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- 2 Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Perrie O'Tierney-Ginn
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,2 Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El Dairi R, Huuskonen P, Pasanen M, Rysä J. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
28
|
Higa R, Roberti S, Mazzucco MB, White V, Jawerbaum A. Effect of the antioxidant idebenone on maternal diabetes-induced embryo alterations during early organogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:397-408. [PMID: 29857987 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can maternal treatments with idebenone, a structural analogue of coenzyme Q10, prevent alterations on markers of proinflammatory-prooxidant processes, on the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and on the apoptotic rate in embryos from mild diabetic rats? DESIGN A mild diabetic rat model was induced by neonatal-streptozotocin administration (90 mg/kg subcutaneously). Female diabetic rats and controls were mated with healthy males. From day 1 of pregnancy, control and diabetic rats were orally treated with idebenone (100 mg/kg daily). On day 10.5 of gestation, the embryos were explanted and prepared for immunohistochemical studies, for the evaluation of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end-labelling assay analysis. RESULTS Embryos from mild diabetic rats showed increased levels of nitrated proteins, 4-hydroxynonenal and matrix metalloproteinase 9, which were prevented by idebenone administration. We also found a decreased embryonic expression of cytochrome c oxidase and reduced mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1-α and nuclear respiratory factor-1, both of which were prevented by idebenone administration to the diabetic pregnant rats. Embryos from mild diabetic rats also showed an increased apoptotic rate, which was diminished by idebenone treatment. CONCLUSION Maternal idebenone treatment ameliorates altered parameters related to the prooxidant-proinflammatory environment found in embryos from mild diabetic rats, suggesting a putative treatment to prevent diabetes-induced embryo alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Higa
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina Roberti
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Mazzucco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica White
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoge A, Bernardy F, Donneau AF, Dardenne N, Degée S, Timmermans M, Nisolle M, Guillaume M, Castronovo V. Low omega-3 index values and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in early pregnancy: an analysis of maternal erythrocytes fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:63. [PMID: 29606136 PMCID: PMC5879610 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unanimously recognized that the maternal nutritional status at the pregnancy onset influence both short-term and long-term health of the mother and offspring. Among several nutrients, LCPUFA, particularly from the omega-3 family, are of utmost importance. This study was carried out to determine fatty acids profile of maternal erythrocyte membranes in early pregnancy and to identify potential determinants impacting on this status. Methods A cohort of 122 healthy women with a singleton pregnancy was included. Fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography. Because of the lack of cutoff values, reference ranges were used to determine fatty acids categories. Results Of concern, our data revealed low monounsaturated and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status in most participants. More than 75% of Belgian pregnant women exhibited Pal, AO and EPA levels as well as IOM3 values below the laboratory reference ranges. Higher DHA concentrations and IOM3 values were found among foreign-nationality participants, non-smokers and physically active women. With regard to dietary factors, omega-3 supplements and diet seem to be complementary since DHA from supplements (but not from diet) and EPA from diet (but not from supplements) were found to be associated with higher concentrations of DHA and EPA, respectively. Conclusions Our study presents evidence demonstrating that the fatty acid status of most early pregnant women is far from being optimal based on the admitted general reference values. Clinicians should be advice to carefully evaluate and improve this status to guarantee the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0716-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Hoge
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Florence Bernardy
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Françoise Donneau
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Dardenne
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Degée
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Timmermans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle Nisolle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-CANCER, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Capobianco E, Fornes D, Roberti SL, Powell TL, Jansson T, Jawerbaum A. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant rats with mild diabetes normalizes placental PPARγ and mTOR signaling in female offspring developing gestational diabetes. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 53:39-47. [PMID: 29190548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes impairs fetoplacental development and programs metabolic diseases in the offspring. We have previously reported that female offspring of pregnant rats with mild diabetes develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) when they become pregnant. Here, we studied the effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in pregnant mild diabetic rats (F0) by feeding a 6% safflower-oil-enriched diet from day 1 to 14 followed by a 6% chia-oil-enriched diet from day 14 of pregnancy to term. We analyzed maternal metabolic parameters and placental signaling at term in pregnant offspring (F1). The offspring of both PUFAs-treated and untreated mild diabetic rats developed GDM. Although gestational hyperglycemia was not prevented by dietary PUFAs treatment in F0, triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia in F1 mothers were normalized by F0 PUFAs dietary treatment. In the placenta of F1 GDM rats, PPARγ levels were reduced and lipoperoxidation was increased, changes that were prevented by the maternal diets enriched in PUFAs in the F0 generation. Moreover, fetal overgrowth and placental activation of mTOR signaling pathways were reduced in F1 GDM rats whose mothers were treated with PUFAs diets. These results suggest that F0 PUFAs dietary treatment in pregnancies with mild diabetes improves maternal dyslipidemia, fetal overgrowth and placental signaling in female offspring when they become pregnant. We speculate that an increased PUFAs intake in pregnancies complicated by diabetes may prove effective to ameliorate metabolic programming in the offspring, thereby improving the health of future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Capobianco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Adibi JJ, Zhao Y, Zhan LV, Kapidzic M, Larocque N, Koistinen H, Huhtaniemi IT, Stenman UH. An Investigation of the Single and Combined Phthalate Metabolite Effects on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Expression in Placental Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:107010. [PMID: 29089286 PMCID: PMC5933420 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported associations between maternal phthalate levels and adverse outcomes at birth and in the health of the child. Effects on placental function have been suggested as a biologic basis for these findings. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of phthalates on placental function in vitro by measuring relevant candidate genes and proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human trophoblast progenitor cells were isolated at 7-14 wk of pregnancy (two female and three male concepti), and villous cytotrophoblast cells (vCTBs) were isolated at 15-20 wk (three female and four male concepti). Cells were cultured in vitro with four phthalate metabolites and their combination at concentrations based on levels found previously in the urine of pregnant women: mono-n-butyl (MnBP, 200 nM), monobenzyl (MBzP, 3μM), mono-2-ethylhexyl (MEHP, 700 nM), and monoethyl (MEP, 1.5μM) phthalates. mRNA levels of CGA, CGB, PPARG, CYP19A1, CYP11A1, PTGS2, EREG, and the intracellular β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were measured in the cellular extracts, and protein levels for four forms of secreted hCG were measured in the conditioned media. RESULTS Previously reported associations between maternal phthalates and placental gene expression were reproduced experimentally: MnBP with CGA, MBzP with CYP11A1, and MEHP with PTGS2. CGB and hCGβ were up-regulated by MBzP. In some cases, there were marked, even opposite, differences in response by sex of the cells. There was evidence of agonism in female cells and antagonism in male cells of PPARγ by simultaneous exposure to multiple phthalates. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of MnBP, MBzP and MEHP similar to those found in the urine of pregnant women consistently altered hCG and PPARγ expression in primary placental cells. These findings provide evidence for the molecular basis by which phthalates may alter placental function, and they provide a preliminary mechanistic hypothesis for opposite responses by sex. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1539.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lei V Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Larocque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Román-Malo L, Bullon P. Influence of the Periodontal Disease, the Most Prevalent Inflammatory Event, in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Linking Nutrition and Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071438. [PMID: 28678155 PMCID: PMC5535929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is considered one of the main pathologic diseases occurring in humans. Its pathologic process involves inflammatory reactions producing periodontal bone resorption and the tooth loss. But some patients do not present an evident clinical inflammation with bone resorption, and in others, the inflammation is prominent without bone resorption. A key question could be to investigate a different way of responding to aggression. Inflammation requires a complex intracellular metabolic process, starting with the harmful recognition and activation of the inflammasome, continues the energy supply with the alteration of oxidative stress conditions, and finishes with the elimination of the aggression with autophagy/apoptosis mechanisms, then concludes with recovery. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are essential molecules produced in inflammation, and its genes and its activation have been related to periodontal disease. Also, an important aspect is the influence of PPARs in bone metabolism; the main periodontitis symptom is bone loss and PPARγ activation that can downregulate the bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, PPARγ-coated titanium dental implant surfaces could carry the antiinflammatory gene and restrain inflammation. PPARs could be one of the meeting background points with atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome showing a modified proinflammatory statement such as it is described in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Román-Malo
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - Pedro Bullon
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Review on intrauterine programming: Consequences in rodent models of mild diabetes and mild fat overfeeding are not mild. Placenta 2017; 52:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
34
|
Nair RR, Kerätär JM, Autio KJ, Masud AJ, Finnilä MA, Autio-Harmainen HI, Miinalainen IJ, Nieminen PA, Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ. Genetic modifications of Mecr reveal a role for mitochondrial 2-enoyl-CoA/ACP reductase in placental development in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2104-2117. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Remya R. Nair
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha M. Kerätär
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaija J. Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ali J. Masud
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A.J. Finnilä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Helena I. Autio-Harmainen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka J. Miinalainen
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pentti A. Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research group, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ganss R. Maternal Metabolism and Vascular Adaptation in Pregnancy: The PPAR Link. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:73-84. [PMID: 27789100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications remain inadequate, although an increasing role for maternal susceptibility is becoming evident. Systemic vascular dysfunction in response to imbalances in angiogenic, inflammatory, and constricting factors is implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational hypertension, and growing evidence now links these factors with maternal metabolism. In particular, the crucial role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in maternal vascular adaptation provides further insights into how obesity and gestational diabetes may be linked to pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. This is especially important given the rapidly growing prevalence of obesity during pregnancy, and highlights a new approach to treat pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ganss
- Vascular Biology and Stromal Targeting, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Commonalities in the Association between PPARG and Vitamin D Related with Obesity and Carcinogenesis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2308249. [PMID: 27579030 PMCID: PMC4992792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2308249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPAR nuclear receptor family has acquired great relevance in the last decade, which is formed by three different isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPAR ϒ). Those nuclear receptors are members of the steroid receptor superfamily which take part in essential metabolic and life-sustaining actions. Specifically, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of processes concerning metabolism, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, a considerable amount of literature has emerged in the last ten years linking PPARG signalling with metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and, more recently, cancer. This review paper, at crossroads of basic sciences, preclinical, and clinical data, intends to analyse the last research concerning PPARG signalling in obesity and cancer. Afterwards, possible links between four interrelated actors will be established: PPARG, the vitamin D/VDR system, obesity, and cancer, opening up the door to further investigation and new hypothesis in this fascinating area of research.
Collapse
|