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Vyas H, Mohi A, Boyce M, Durham EL, Cray JJ. In utero nicotine exposure affects murine palate development. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39092604 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite data linking smoking to increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality, 11% of pregnant women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products. Studies confirm that nicotine exposure during pregnancy increases the incidence of birth defects; however, little research has focused on specific anatomic areas based on timing of exposure. We aim to determine critical in utero and postnatal periods of nicotine exposure that affect craniofacial development, specifically palate growth. Malformation of the palatal structures can result in numerous complications including facial growth disturbance, or impeding airway function. We hypothesized that both in utero and postnatal nicotine exposure will alter palate development. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered pregnant C57BL6 mice water supplemented with 100 μg/mL nicotine during early pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation, or lactation only. Postnatal day 15 pups underwent micro-computed tomography (μCT) analyses specific to the palate. RESULTS Resultant pups revealed significant differences in body weight from lactation-only nicotine exposure, and μCT investigation revealed several dimensions affected by lactation-only nicotine exposure, including palate width, palate and cranial base lengths, and mid-palatal suture width. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the direct effects of nicotine on the developing palate beyond simple tobacco use. Nicotine exposure through tobacco alternatives, cessation methods, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may disrupt normal growth and development of the palate during development and the postnatal periods of breastfeeding. Due to the recent dramatic increase in the use of ENDS, future research will focus specifically on this nicotine delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heema Vyas
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amr Mohi
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Boyce
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily L Durham
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Tang X, Geng Y, Gao R, Chen Z, Mu X, Zhang Y, Yin X, Ma Y, Chen X, Li F, He J. Maternal exposure to beta-Cypermethrin disrupts placental development by dysfunction of trophoblast cells from oxidative stress. Toxicology 2024; 504:153796. [PMID: 38582279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum and efficient insecticide, beta-Cypermethrin (β-CYP) poses a health risk to pregnancy. It matters the mechanisms of maternal exposure to β-CYP for impacting reproductive health. The placenta, a transient organ pivotal for maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy, plays a crucial role in embryonic development. The effect of β-CYP exposure on the placenta and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of β-CYP exposure on placental development and the function of trophoblast, as well as the underlying mechanisms through CD-1 mouse model (1, 10, 20 mg/kg.bw) and in vitro HTR-8/SVneo cell model (12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM). We found slower weight gain and reduced uterine wet weight in pregnant mice with maternal exposure to β-CYP during pregnancy, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes such as uterine bleeding and embryo resorption. The abnormal placental development in response to β-CYP was noticed, including imbalanced placental structure and disrupted labyrinthine vascular development. Trophoblasts, pivotal in placental development and vascular remodeling, displayed abnormal differentiation under β-CYP exposure. This aberration was characterized by thickened trophoblast layers in the labyrinthine zone, accompanied by mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum swelling within trophoblasts. Further researches on human chorionic trophoblast cell lines revealed that β-CYP exposure induced apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. This induction resulted in a notable decrease in migration and invasion abilities, coupled with oxidative stress and the inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway. N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant) partially restored the impaired Notch signaling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo cells, and mitigated cellular functional damage attributed to β-CYP exposure. Collectively, exposure to β-CYP induced oxidative stress and then led to inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway and dysfunction of trophoblast cells, ultimately resulted in abnormal placenta and pregnancy. These findings indicate Reactive Oxygen Species as potential intervention targets to mitigate β-CYP toxicity. The comprehensive elucidation contributes to our understanding of β-CYP biosafety and offers an experimental basis for preventing and managing its reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuxiu Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yin
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yidan Ma
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Jaitner A, Vaudel M, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Njølstad PR, Jacobsson B, Bowden J, Johansson S, Freathy RM. Smoking during pregnancy and its effect on placental weight: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38575863 PMCID: PMC10993495 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and reduced offspring birth weight is well established and is likely due to impaired placental function. However, observational studies have given conflicting results on the association between smoking and placental weight. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of newly pregnant mothers quitting smoking on their placental weight at the time of delivery. METHODS We used one-sample Mendelian randomization, drawing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N = 690 to 804) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (N = 4267 to 4606). The sample size depends on the smoking definition used for different analyses. The analysis was performed in pre-pregnancy smokers only, due to the specific role of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1051730 (CHRNA5 - CHRNA3 - CHRNB4) in affecting smoking cessation but not initiation. RESULTS Fixed effect meta-analysis showed a 182 g [95%CI: 29,335] higher placental weight for pre-pregnancy smoking mothers who continued smoking at the beginning of pregnancy, compared with those who stopped smoking. Using the number of cigarettes smoked per day in the first trimester as the exposure, the causal effect on placental weight was 11 g [95%CI: 1,21] per cigarette per day. Similarly, smoking at the end of pregnancy was causally associated with higher placental weight. Using the residuals of birth weight regressed on placental weight as the outcome, we showed evidence of lower offspring birth weight relative to the placental weight, both for continuing smoking at the start of pregnancy as well as continuing smoking throughout pregnancy (change in z-score birth weight adjusted for z-score placental weight: -0.8 [95%CI: -1.6,-0.1]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that continued smoking during pregnancy causes higher placental weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jaitner
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jack Bowden
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Novo Nordisk Genetics Centre of Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Olomu IN, Hoang V, Madhukar BV. Low levels of nicotine and cotinine but not benzo[a]pyrene induce human trophoblast cell proliferation. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108572. [PMID: 38453095 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
E-cigarettes use constitutes a source of thirdhand nicotine exposure. The increasing use of electronic cigarettes in homes and public places increases the risk of exposure of pregnant women to thirdhand nicotine. The effects of exposure of pregnant women to very low levels of nicotine have not been studied in humans but detrimental in experimental animals. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nanomolar concentrations of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine on the proliferation of JEG-3, a human trophoblast cell line. We also studied the proliferative effect of nanomolar concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic hydrocarbon in tobacco smoke, for comparison. We treated JEG-3 cells in culture with nanomolar concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and B[a]P. Their effect on cell proliferation was determined, relative to untreated cells, by MTT assay. Western blotting was used to assess the mitogenic signaling pathways affected by nicotine and cotinine. In contrast to the inhibitory effects reported with higher concentrations, we showed that nanomolar concentrations of nicotine and cotinine resulted in significant JEG-3 cell proliferation and a rapid but transient increase in levels of phosphorylated ERK and AKT, but not STAT3. Biphasic, non-monotonic effect on cell growth is characteristic of endocrine disruptive chemicals like nicotine. The mitogenic effects of nicotine and cotinine potentially contribute to increased villous epithelial thickness, seen in placentas of some smoking mothers. This increases the diffusion distance for oxygen and nutrients between mother and fetus, contributing to intrauterine growth restriction in infants of smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nicholas Olomu
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Division of Neonatology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Vanessa Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Burra V Madhukar
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Morisaki N, Obara T, Piedvache A, Kobayashi S, Miyashita C, Nishimura T, Ishikuro M, Sata F, Horikawa R, Mori C, Metoki H, Tsuchiya KJ, Kuriyama S, Kishi R. Association Between Smoking and Hypertension in Pregnancy Among Japanese Women: A Meta-analysis of Birth Cohort Studies in the Japan Birth Cohort Consortium (JBiCC) and JECS. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:498-507. [PMID: 35934789 PMCID: PMC10483100 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent literature suggest the effect of maternal smoking on risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and preeclampsia may differ by ethnicity; however, studies on Asians are limited. METHODS We investigated the association of maternal smoking with HDP and preeclampsia using a common analysis protocol to analyze the association in six birth cohorts participating in a Japanese consortium of birth cohorts (JBiCC). Results were compared with-published results from cohorts not included in this consortium, and, where possible, we produced a meta-analysis including these studies. RESULTS Meta-analysis of four cohort studies including 28,219 participants produced an odds ratio (OR) of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.87) for the effect of smoking beyond early pregnancy compared to women who did not smoke during pregnancy. These results combined with those from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) yielded an OR of 1.19 (95% CI, 1.00-1.43, P = 0.056). Meta-analysis results for categories of smoking volume were insignificant, but when combined with JECS yielded an OR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.65-1.12) for smoking 1-4 cigarettes, 1.25 (95% CI, 0.98-1.60) for smoking 5-9 cigarettes, and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.04-1.54) for smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day. All effects were insignificant for preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the protective effects of smoking longer and smoking more on HDP and preeclampsia repeatedly observed among Europeans and North Americans likely do not hold for the Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aurelie Piedvache
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Popham K, Kandasamy Y. The impact of smoking and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on fetal nephrogenesis: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:559-569. [PMID: 37969035 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of smoking and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on fetal nephrogenesis is a growing area of research. The objective of this systematic review is to summarise the current evidence in this research field. Our literature search identified a total of 415 articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane. After electronic sorting and manual screening, 18 eligible articles were found, 6 being human studies and 12 being animal studies. Articles that did not study nicotine or smoking, did not focus on fetal kidney development, or did not include nicotine or smoking exposure during pregnancy were excluded from the systematic review. The main outcomes of the studies were kidney weight, volume and size, kidney histopathology and morphology, and kidney function. Evidence from human studies identified a reduction in fetal kidney size, volume, and weight in offspring exposed to smoking during pregnancy; and the greatest impact was seen in offspring exposed to >5-10 cigarettes per day. Animal studies investigated kidney histopathology and highlighted kidney injury and microscopic changes in response to nicotine exposure during pregnancy. Further research is required to determine the impact on kidney function. Recreational nicotine use is evolving, and with the increasing use of urine cotinine in the evaluation of nicotine exposure, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Popham
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Yogavijayan Kandasamy
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Jaitner A, Vaudel M, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Njølstad PR, Jacobsson B, Bowden J, Johansson S, Freathy RM. Smoking during pregnancy and its effect on placental weight: A Mendelian randomization study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.24.23294537. [PMID: 37662288 PMCID: PMC10473803 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.23294537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The causal relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and reduced offspring birth weight is well established and is likely due to impaired placental function. However, observational studies have given conflicting results on the association between smoking and placental weight. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of newly pregnant mothers quitting smoking on their placental weight at the time of delivery. Methods We used one-sample Mendelian randomization, drawing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (up to N = 805) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (up to N = 4475). The analysis was performed in pre-pregnancy smokers only, due to the specific role of the genetic instrument SNP rs1051730 (CHRNA5 - CHRNA3 - CHRNB4) in affecting smoking cessation but not initiation. Results Fixed effect meta-analysis showed a 175 g [95%CI: 16, 334] higher placental weight for pre-pregnancy smoking mothers who continued smoking at the beginning of pregnancy, compared with those who stopped smoking. Using the number of cigarettes smoked per day in the first trimester as the exposure, the causal estimate was a 12 g [95%CI: 2,22] higher placental weight per cigarette per day. Results were similar when the smoking exposures were measured at the end of pregnancy. Using the residuals of birth weight regressed on placental weight as the outcome, we showed weak evidence of lower offspring birth weight relative to the placental weight for continuing smoking. Conclusion Our results suggest that continued smoking during pregnancy causes higher placental weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jaitner
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jack Bowden
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Novo Nordisk Genetics Centre of Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Pizzi G, Mazzola SM, Pecile A, Bronzo V, Groppetti D. Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Pregnant Dogs: Maternal and Newborn Cotinine Levels: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050321. [PMID: 37235404 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Active and passive smoking in pregnant women is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality risk, including abortion, preterm birth, low birthweight, and malformations. No data are available on intrauterine exposure to smoking during pregnancy in dogs. This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the detectability and quantity of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, in maternal (serum and hair) and newborn (amniotic fluid and hair) biospecimens collected at birth in dogs. For this purpose, twelve pregnant bitches, six exposed to the owner's smoke and six unexposed, were enrolled. A further six non-pregnant bitches exposed to passive smoke were included to investigate the role of pregnancy status on cotinine uptake. Exposed dogs, dams, and puppies had greater cotinine concentrations than unexposed ones. Although without statistical significance, serum and hair cotinine concentrations were higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant bitches, suggesting a different sensitivity to tobacco smoke exposure during gestation. The present results provide evidence for cotinine transplacental passage in the dog. It is conceivable that fragile patients such as pregnant, lactating, and neonate dogs may be more susceptible to the harmful effects of second-hand smoke exposure. Owners should be sensitized to the risk of smoke exposure for their pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Michela Mazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Debora Groppetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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9
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Aboaziza E, Feaster K, Hare L, Chantler PD, Olfert IM. Maternal electronic cigarette use during pregnancy affects long-term arterial function in offspring. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:59-71. [PMID: 36417201 PMCID: PMC9762967 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00582.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping, or electronic cigarette (ecig) use, is prevalent among pregnant women, although little is known about the effects of perinatal ecig use on cardiovascular health of the progeny (even when using nicotine-free e-liquid). Maternal toxicant inhalation may adversely affect vital conduit vessel development. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal exposure to maternal vaping would lead to a dose-dependent dysfunction that would persist into later life of offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either nicotine-free (ecig0) or nicotine-containing ecig aerosol (18 mg/mL, ecig18) starting on gestational day 2 and continued until pups were weaned (postnatal day 21). Pups were never directly exposed. Conduit artery function (stiffness and reactivity) and structure were assessed in 3- and 7-mo-old offspring. At 3 mo, pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the ecig0 and ecig18 offspring was significantly higher than controls in both the 20 puffs/day (6.6 ± 2.1 and 4.8 ± 1.3 vs. 3.2 ± 0.7 m/s, respectively, P < 0.05, means ± SD) and in 60 puffs/day exposure cohort (7.5 ± 2.8 and 7.5 ± 2.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 m/s, respectively, P < 0.01). Wire myography revealed (range of 23%-31%) impaired aortic relaxation in all ecig exposure groups (with or without nicotine). Incubation of vessels with TEMPOL or Febuxostat reversed the aortic dysfunction, implicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species. Nearly identical changes and pattern was seen in vascular outcomes of 7-mo-old offspring. The take-home message from this preclinical study is that maternal vaping during pregnancy, with or without nicotine, leads to maladaptations in vascular (aortic) development that persist into adult life of offspring.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observe a significant alteration in arterial structure and function in adolescent and adult offspring due to developmental exposure to toxicants resulting from perinatal maternal vaping. Taken together with previous work that described lasting dysfunction in cerebral microvasculature in offspring, these data underscore the adverse consequences of maternal exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in conduit and resistance vessels alike, irrespective of nicotine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Aboaziza
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kimberly Feaster
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lance Hare
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul D Chantler
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - I Mark Olfert
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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10
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Beltrán-Castillo S, Bravo K, Eugenín J. Impact of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Placental Function and Respiratory Neural Network Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:233-244. [PMID: 37466776 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with multiple undesirable outcomes in infants, such as low birth weight, increased neonatal morbidity and mortality, and catastrophic conditions like sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Nicotine, the most addictive and teratogenic substance in tobacco smoke, reaches and crosses the placenta and can be accumulated in the amniotic fluid and distributed by fetal circulation, altering the cholinergic transmission by acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed from very early gestational stages in the placenta and fetal tissue. Because nAChRs influence the establishment of feto-maternal circulation and the emergence of neuronal networks, prenatal nicotine exposure can lead to multiple alterations in newborns. In this mini-review, we discuss the undeniable effects of nicotine in the placenta and the respiratory neural network as examples of how prenatal nicotine and smoking exposition can affect brain development because dysfunction in this network is involved in SIDS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Beltrán-Castillo
- Centro integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karina Bravo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Brinchmann BC, Vist GE, Becher R, Grimsrud TK, Elvsaas IKØ, Underland V, Holme JA, Carlsen KCL, Kreyberg I, Nordhagen LS, Bains KES, Carlsen KH, Alexander J, Valen H. Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco during pregnancy: A systematic review of pregnancy and early life health risk. Addiction 2022; 118:789-803. [PMID: 36524899 DOI: 10.1111/add.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smokeless tobacco is a heterogeneous product group with diverse composition and prevalence globally. Tobacco use during pregnancy is concerning due to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and effects on child health. Nicotine may mediate several of these effects. This systematic review measured health outcomes from Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) use during pregnancy. METHOD Literature search was conducted by an information specialist in May 2022. We included human studies of snus use during pregnancy compared with no tobacco use, assessed risk of bias, conducted a meta-analysis and assessed confidence in effect-estimates using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). RESULTS We included 18 cohort studies (42 to 1 006 398 participants). Snus use during pregnancy probably (moderate confidence in risk estimates) increase the risk of neonatal apnea, adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval [aOR (95% CI)] 1.96 (1.30 to 2.96). Snus use during pregnancy possibly (low confidence in risk estimates) increase the risk of stillbirths aOR 1.43 (1.02 to 1.99), extremely premature births aOR 1.69 (1.17 to 2.45), moderately premature birth aOR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.38), SGA aOR 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46), reduced birth weight mean difference of 72.47 g (110.58 g to 34.35 g reduction) and oral cleft malformations aOR 1.48 (1.00 to 2.21). It is uncertain (low confidence in risk estimates, CI crossing 1) whether snus use during pregnancy affects risk of preeclampsia aOR 1.11 (0.97 to 1.28), antenatal bleeding aOR 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) and very premature birth aOR 1.26 (0.95 to 1.66). Risk of early neonatal mortality and altered heart rate variability is uncertain, very low confidence. Snus using mothers had increased prevalence of caesarean sections, low confidence. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review reveals that use of smokeless tobacco (snus) during pregnancy may adversely impact the developing child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendik C Brinchmann
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Becher
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Vigdis Underland
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Kreyberg
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karen Eline Stensby Bains
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Valen
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Ex vivo toxicity of E-cigarette constituents on human placental tissues. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103737. [PMID: 36084357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globally, ∼50 % of women smoke during pregnancy and the prevalence of vaping is increasing among women of reproductive age. However, the health effects of vaping during pregnancy are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of e-cig constituents alone and in combination (propylene glycol [PG], vegetable glycerin [VG], and nicotine) on human placental tissue viability (MTT assay) and immunoassayed levels of placenta-derived biomarkers, i.e., 8-isoprostane (8-IsoP), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), allopregnanolone (AP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Placental explant cultures were exposed ex vivo for 24 h to media-containing either nicotine (0-5000 nM), PG/VG (0-8 % v/v at 50/50 ratio), or a combination of both. No effects on tissue viability were observed at PG/VG concentrations < 8 % (v/v), while viability significantly reduced at PG/VG concentrations ≥ 10 % (v/v); biomarker studies employed only non-cytotoxic doses. Exposure to PG/VG decreased levels of 8-IsoP, IL-6, and E2, and treatment with 2 % or 8 % PG/VG significantly reduced HO-1 levels, compared to non-treated controls. Exposure to nicotine alone at 2,500 nM and 5,000 nM reduced MTT activity by 20 % (P = 0.04) and 70 % (P < 0.001), respectively, and significantly increased (P < 0.001) levels of HO-1 and BDNF, compared to controls. Treatment with nicotine alone and in combination with PG/VG reduced IL-6 and E2 levels. Interestingly, nicotine-induced toxicity was attenuated by PG/VG addition to nicotine-treated groups. These studies demonstrate that e-cig constituents negatively impact the human placenta and alters production of critical placental biomarkers, suggesting that vaping is an unsafe alternative for pregnant women or their unborn fetus.
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13
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Punshi H, Dengani M, Agrawal S, Jain K, Verma N, Naik S. The Outcome of Pregnancy Among Tobacco Users in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chhattisgarh Province of India. Cureus 2022; 14:e32877. [PMID: 36699785 PMCID: PMC9870601 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is responsible for numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes for females and their infants. The aim of this study was to explore the adverse outcome of tobacco use among pregnant females. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1250 females in the third trimester of pregnancy from April to June 2022, which were exposed to tobacco use in the form of gudaku, tobacco chewing, gutka, or smoking. Complications and outcomes during and after pregnancy were recorded based on self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) software version 20.0 for categorical data, frequencies (n) and percentages (%) were calculated, and the chi-square test was used for determining intergroup differences. RESULTS Out of 1250 females, tobacco exposure was present among 429 (34.3%), and 821 (65.7%) had no tobacco exposure. Of 429, 36.10% of females complained about complications such as abortion (1.60%), antepartum hemorrhage (0.90%), congenital anomaly (0.20%), infertility (1.20%), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) (0.50%), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (0.90%), oligohydramnios (OLIGO) (3.30%), preterm labor (18.40%), premature rupture of membrane (6.30%), and anemia (2.80%), which were slightly higher than the females with no tobacco exposure. In tobacco users, obstructive complications were found to be significant with a p value of 0.0036. CONCLUSION Our study concluded that tobacco use could have an adverse effect on their fetus and infants, as well as the pregnant females themselves. Policymakers need to ensure effective strategies that pregnant females, their partners, and close relatives need to have enough knowledge to avoid potential risks.
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14
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Ni W, Gao H, Wu B, Zhao J, Sun J, Song Y, Sun Y, Yang H. Gestational Exposure to Cyfluthrin through Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Mediated PERK Signaling Pathway Impairs Placental Development. TOXICS 2022; 10:733. [PMID: 36548566 PMCID: PMC9783295 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyfluthrin, a typical type II pyrethroid pesticide, is widely used in house hygiene and agricultural pest control. Several epidemiological investigations have found that maternal pyrethroid exposure is connected to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Thus, we evaluated the effect of cyfluthrin exposure during pregnancy on placenta development in vivo. In the current study, Pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight cyfluthrin or an equivalent volume of corn oil by gavage from GD0 to GD19. The results have shown that gestational exposure to cyfluthrin exerted no effect on the fetal birth defect, survival to PND4, or fetal resorption and death. However, live fetuses and implantation sites significantly decreased in the high-dose cyfluthrin-treated group. Moreover, a significant reduction in placenta weight and diameter was observed in rats. Correspondingly, the fetal weight and crown-rump length from dams exposed to cyfluthrin were reduced. Cyfluthrin-treat groups, the total area of the placenta, spongiotrophoblast area, and labyrinth area had abnormal changes. Meanwhile, the area of blood sinusoid and CD34-positive blood vessel numbers in the placenta were considerably reduced, as well as abnormal expression of placental pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in dams exposed to cyfluthrin. Further observation by transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the ultrastructure of the medium-dose and high-dose groups. Additional experiments showed gestational exposure to cyfluthrin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of placentas, as decreased PCNA-positive cells and increased TUNEL-positive cells. Furthermore, western blot and qPCR analysis revealed that gestational exposure to medium-dose and high-dose cyfluthrin increased the expression of GRP78, and three downstream mRNA and proteins (p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP) of the PERK signaling, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway in rat placentas was activated. Our study demonstrated that gestational exposure to cyfluthrin leads to placental developmental disorder, which might be associated with ER stress-mediated PERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Ni
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Haoxuan Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Bing Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Yanan Song
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Yiping Sun
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
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15
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Zhao Y, Pasanen M, Rysä J. Placental ion channels: potential target of chemical exposure. Biol Reprod 2022; 108:41-51. [PMID: 36173899 PMCID: PMC9843680 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is an important organ for the exchange of substances between the fetus and the mother, hormone secretion, and fetoplacental immunological defense. Placenta has an organ-specific distribution of ion channels and trophoblasts, and placental vessels express a large number of ion channels. Several placental housekeeping activities and pregnancy complications are at least partly controlled by ion channels, which are playing an important role in regulating hormone secretion, trophoblastic homeostasis, ion transport, and vasomotor activity. The function of several placental ion channels (Na, Ca, and Cl ion channels, cation channel, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and aquaporin-1) is known to be influenced by chemical exposure, i.e., their responses to different chemicals have been tested and confirmed in experimental models. Here, we review the possibility that placental ion channels are targets of toxicological concern in terms of placental function, fetal growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Markku Pasanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Correspondence: School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. Tel: +358403552412; E-mail:
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16
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He B, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Ao Y, Tie K, Xiao H, Chen L, Xu D, Wang H. Prenatal smoke (Nicotine) exposure and offspring's metabolic disease susceptibility in adulthood. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113384. [PMID: 36041661 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to smoking (nicotine) during pregnancy not only directly affects fetal development, but also increases susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adulthood, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we review epidemiological and laboratory studies linking these relationships. In addition to the direct effect of nicotine on the fetus, intrauterine neuroendocrine-metabolic programming mediated by maternal glucocorticoid overexposure also plays an important role, involving glucocorticoid-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GC-IGF1) axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and other endocrine systems. Epigenetics is involved in intrauterine neuroendocrine-metabolic programming, metabolic disease susceptibility and multigenerational inheritance. There are "two programming" and "two strikes" mechanisms for the occurrence of fetal-originated metabolic diseases in adulthood. These innovative research summaries and academic viewpoints provide experimental and theoretical basis for systematically elucidating the occurrence and development of fetal-originated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kai Tie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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17
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Park SR, Kim SK, Kim SR, Yu WJ, Lee SJ, Lee HY. Effects of smoking on the tissue regeneration-associated functions of human endometrial stem cells via a novel target gene SERPINB2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:404. [PMID: 35932085 PMCID: PMC9356492 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokers directly inhale mainstream cigarette smoke, which contains numerous known and potential toxic substances, and thus, smoking is expected to have broad harmful effects that cause tissue injury and dysfunction. Interestingly, many studies have suggested that the recent decline in female fertility and increased rate of spontaneous abortion could be associated with increased smoking rates. Indeed, women that smoked for 10 years or more were reported to have a ~ 20% higher infertility rate than women that had never smoked. However, the reasons for the underlying harmful aspects of smoking on female fertility remain a matter of debate. Importantly, a previous study revealed that resident endometrial stem cell deficiency significantly limits the cyclic regeneration potential of endometrium, which, in turn, decreases successful pregnancy outcomes. In this context, we postulated that exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke extracts might decrease female fertility by inhibiting the functions of resident endometrial stem cells. METHODS We investigated whether cigarette mainstream smoke exposure directly inhibits various tissue regeneration-associated functions of endometrial stem cells, such as self-renewal, migration, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity in vitro. Next, we determined whether SERPINB2 mediates cigarette smoke-induced suppressive effects on various tissue regeneration-associated functions by depleting SERPINB2 expression with specific shRNA targeting SERPINB2. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with low (0.5 mg/kg) or high (1 mg/kg) doses of cigarette smoke extract (10 times for two weeks), and endometrial stem cells were then isolated from mice uterine tissues. RESULTS We found that exposure to cigarette smoke extracts remarkably suppressed various tissue regeneration-associated functions of endometrial stem cells, such as self-renewal, migration, multilineage differentiation ability, and pluripotency in vitro and in vivo by activating the SERPINB2 gene. Indeed, cigarette smoke-induced inhibitory effects on various endometrial stem cell functions were significantly abolished by SERPINB2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide valuable information on the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on resident endometrial stem cells and hopefully will facilitate the developments of promising therapeutic strategies for subfertile or infertile women that smoke cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Joon Yu
- Developmental and Reproductivoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Deajeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Developmental and Reproductivoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Deajeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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BANERJEE SOHINI, DEACON ALYSSA, SUTER MELISSAA, AAGAARD KJERSTIM. Understanding the Placental Biology of Tobacco Smoke, Nicotine, and Marijuana (THC) Exposures During Pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 65:347-359. [PMID: 35125390 PMCID: PMC9042338 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Widespread public health campaigns have reduces the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine exposures during pregnancy in the United States. However, tobacco and nicotine exposures during pregnancy persist as a common modifiable perinatal risk exposure. Furthermore, declines in tobacco use have been accompanied by parallel rises in both the prevalence and incidence of marijuana use in pregnancy. This is worrisome, as the macromolecules which comprise tobacco and marijuana smoke affect placental function. In this chapter we summarize the decades of evidence contributing to our understanding of the placental molecular pathophysiology accompanying these chemical exposures, thereby rendering risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SOHINI BANERJEE
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - MELISSA A. SUTER
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - KJERSTI M. AAGAARD
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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19
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Holme JA, Valen H, Brinchmann BC, Vist GE, Grimsrud TK, Becher R, Holme AM, Øvrevik J, Alexander J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may explain the paradoxical effects of cigarette use on preeclampsia (PE). Toxicology 2022; 473:153206. [PMID: 35550401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and use of snus (smokeless tobacco) are associated with adverse effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Nicotine is considered a key toxicant involved in effects caused by both smoking and snus, while pyrolysis products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke represents the constituents most unequally divided between these two groups of tobacco products. The aim of this review was: i) to compare the impact, in terms of relative effect estimates, of cigarette smoking and use of Swedish snus on pregnancy outcomes using similar non-tobacco user controls, and ii) to examine whether exposure to PAHs from smoking could explain possible differences in impact on pregnancy outcomes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to October 2021 and identified studies reporting risks for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with snus use and with smoking relative to pregnant women with no use of tobacco. Both snus use and smoking were associated with increased risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, and oral cleft malformation, with comparable point estimates. These effects were likely due to comparable nicotine exposure. We also found striking differences. While both smoking and snus increased the risk of having small for gestational age (SGA) infants, risk from maternal smoking was markedly higher as was the reduction in birthweight. In contrast, the risk of preeclampsia (PE) was markedly lower in smokers than in controls, while snus use was associated with a slightly increased risk. We suggest that PAHs acting via AhR may explain the stronger effects of tobacco smoking on SGA and also to the apparent protective effect of cigarette smoking on PE. Possible mechanisms involved include: i) disrupted endocrine control of fetal development as well as placental development and function, and ii) stress adaption and immune suppression in placenta and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Håkon Valen
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rune Becher
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ane M Holme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Shukla V, Soares MJ. Modeling Trophoblast Cell-Guided Uterine Spiral Artery Transformation in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062947. [PMID: 35328368 PMCID: PMC8950824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat possesses hemochorial placentation with deep intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and trophoblast-guided uterine spiral artery remodeling, which resembles human placentation. Uterine spiral arteries are extensively remodeled to deliver sufficient supply of maternal blood and nutrients to the developing fetus. Inadequacies in these key processes negatively impact fetal growth and development. Recent innovations in genome editing combined with effective phenotyping strategies have provided new insights into placental development. Application of these research approaches has highlighted both conserved and species-specific features of hemochorial placentation. The review provides foundational information on rat hemochorial placental development and function during physiological and pathological states, especially as related to the invasive trophoblast cell-guided transformation of uterine spiral arteries. Our goal is to showcase the utility of the rat as a model for in vivo mechanistic investigations targeting regulatory events within the uterine-placental interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.J.S.)
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21
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Ratsch A, Bogossian F, Burmeister EA, Steadman K. Central Australian Aboriginal women's placental and neonatal outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco, cigarette or no tobacco use. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 46:186-195. [PMID: 34821425 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the placental characteristics and neonatal outcomes of Central Australian Aboriginal women based on maternal self-report of tobacco use. METHODS Placental and neonatal variables were collected from a prospective maternal cohort of 19 smokeless tobacco chewers, 23 smokers and 31 no-tobacco users. RESULTS Chewers had the lowest placental weight (460 g) while the no-tobacco group had the heaviest placental weight (565 g). Chewers and the no-tobacco group had placental areas of similar size (285 cm2 and 288 cm2 , respectively) while the placentas of smokers were at least 13 cm2 smaller (272 cm2 ). There were two stillbirths in the study and more than one-third (36%) of neonates (newborns) were admitted to the Special Care Nursery, with the chewers' neonates having a higher admission rate compared with smokers' neonates (44% vs. 23%). The cohort mean birthweight (3348 g) was not significantly different between the groups. When stratified for elevated maternal glucose, the chewers' neonates had the lowest mean birthweight (2906 g) compared to the neonates of the no-tobacco group (3242 g) and smokers (3398 g). CONCLUSIONS This research is the first to demonstrate that the maternal use of Australian Nicotiana spp. (pituri) as smokeless tobacco may negatively impact placental and neonatal outcomes. Implications for public health: Maternal smokeless tobacco use is a potential source of placental and foetal nicotine exposure. Maternal antenatal screening should be expanded to capture a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products, and appropriate cessation support is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ratsch
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Queensland.,Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Fiona Bogossian
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Elizabeth A Burmeister
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Queensland.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland
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Morales-Prieto DM, Fuentes-Zacarías P, Murrieta-Coxca JM, Gutierrez-Samudio RN, Favaro RR, Fitzgerald JS, Markert UR. Smoking for two- effects of tobacco consumption on placenta. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101023. [PMID: 34521556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an important public health issue recognized by the world health organization as one of the most serious, preventable risk factors for developing a series of pregnancy pathologies. Maternal smoking is positively associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes (GDM), but negatively associated with preeclampsia (PE). In this review, we examine epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of smoking effects on immunoregulation during pregnancy, trophoblast function, and placental vasculature development and metabolism. We aim to identify effects of tobacco smoke components on specific placental compartments or cells, which may contribute to the understanding of the influences of maternal smoking on placenta function in normal and pathological pregnancies. Data corroborates that in any trimester, smoking is unsafe for pregnancy and that its detrimental effects outweigh questionable benefits. The effects of maternal smoking on the maternal immune regulation throughout pregnancy and the impact of different tobacco products on fetal growth have not yet been fully understood. Smoking cessation rather than treatment with replacement therapies is recommended for future mothers because also single components of tobacco and its smoke may have detrimental effects on placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rodolfo R Favaro
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Justine S Fitzgerald
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Zentrum für ambulante Medizin, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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23
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Belete S, Asres K, Bekuretsion Y, Ashebir R, Abebe MS, Seyoum G. Toxic Effect of Khat in Rat Embryos and Fetuses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9933389. [PMID: 34368361 PMCID: PMC8346301 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9933389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a plant consumed by many people in Eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, and Southern Arabia to be stimulated. There are several human and animal studies on khat that provide information about its toxic effects. However, the potential toxic effects of khat on embryos and fetuses have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects of khat exposure during the earliest period of gestation in rats. Pregnant Wistar albino rats were treated with khat extract at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg doses from day 6 through day 12 of gestation. The treatment was delivered by gavage. Embryos and fetuses were recovered on gestational day 12 or day 20, respectively, and were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed for developmental anomalies. Placentae from the treatment and control groups were investigated for histopathological effects. Results of the present study showed that khat exposure during pregnancy had dose-dependent toxic effects in rat embryos and fetuses. Prenatal growth retardation such as reduced fetal weight and crown-rump length was observed in near-term fetuses, especially, in animals treated with the highest dose of khat (p < 0.05). Growth retardation and developmental anomalies were also observed in day 12 embryos of khat-treated rats. Maternal weight gain of the khat-treated group was also significantly lower than the control group. Cytolysis, decidual hypoplasia, and atrophy were observed in the placenta of the khat-treated rats. Findings of the present study revealed, for the first time, that exposure of pregnant rat to crude extract of khat causes embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selamawit Belete
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Bekuretsion
- Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rekik Ashebir
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Shenkut Abebe
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Seyoum
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bermudez LG, Madariaga I, Zuñiga MI, Olaya M, Cañas A, Rodriguez LS, Moreno OM, Rojas A. RUNX1 gene expression changes in the placentas of women smokers. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:902. [PMID: 34257715 PMCID: PMC8243315 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta can be affected by environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke. This exposure in the fetal context is considered a risk factor for the development of short-term postnatal diseases, such as asthma. Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by predominant acquisition of CD4 T lymphocytes (TLs) of the Th2 type. Transcription factors such as GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and STAT6 actively participate in the differentiation of virgin TLs towards the Th2 profile, while transcription factors such as STAT1, T-Box transcription factor 21 (T-BET), RUNX1 and RUNX3 participate in their differentiation towards the Th1 profile. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke on the gene expression of STAT1, T-BET, GATA3, IL-4, RUNX1 and RUNX3 during the gestation period, and to determine whether the expression levels of these genes are associated with changes in global methylation. STAT1, GATA3, RUNX1 and RUNX3 protein and mRNA expression levels in the placental tissue of women smokers and non-smoking women were determined via immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) respectively. Additionally, T-BET and IL-4 mRNA expression levels were determined by qPCR. On the other hand, global methylation was determined via ELISA. In the present study, significant increases were observed in RUNX1 transcription factor expression in placentas from women smokers when compared with placentas of non-smoking women. Similarly, significant increases in the expression of GATA3, IL-4 and RUNX3 mRNA were observed. The changes in gene expression were not associated with changes in the global methylation levels. Finally, a higher frequency of low-birth-weight infants were identified in cases of exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy when compared with infants not exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. Thus, the data of the present study contributed to the understanding of the genetic and clinical impacts of exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and its importance in maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litzy Gisella Bermudez
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Ithzayana Madariaga
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Maria Isabel Zuñiga
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Mercedes Olaya
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Cañas
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Luz-Stella Rodriguez
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Olga Maria Moreno
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
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von Ehrenstein OS, Cui X, Yan Q, Aralis H, Ritz B. Maternal Prenatal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A California Statewide Cohort and Sibling Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:728-737. [PMID: 32830844 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children in a statewide population-based cohort and sibling-comparison design using California birth records (n = 2,015,104) with information on maternal smoking, demographic factors, and pregnancy (2007-2010). ASD cases (n = 11,722) were identified through California Department of Developmental Services records with diagnoses based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR. We estimated odds ratios for ASD with and without intellectual disability in the full cohort using logistic regression and in a sibling comparison using conditional logistic regression. In the full cohort, the adjusted odds ratio for ASD and maternal smoking 3 months before/during pregnancy compared with nonsmoking was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.26), and it was similar in cases with (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.49) and without intellectual disability (odds ratio = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27). Heavy prenatal smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day in any trimester) was related to an odds ratio of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.98). In the sibling comparison, the odds ratio for heavy smoking was similarly elevated but the confidence interval was wide. Our findings are consistent with an increased risk for ASD in offspring of mothers who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day during pregnancy; associations with lighter smoking were weaker.
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26
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Musanejad E, Haghpanah T, Mirzaie V, Ezzatabadipour M. Effects of ethanol and nicotine co-administration on follicular atresia and placental histo-morphology in the first-generation mice pups during intrauterine development and lactation periods. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:793-803. [PMID: 33850734 PMCID: PMC8038947 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is evaluating the effects of ethanol and nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on placenta histology and follicular atresia in the first-generation (f1) mice pups. The experimental groups were 5 groups of NMRI pregnant mice, including: control, vehicle (received normal saline) ethanol (3 g/kg/day, 20 % v/v intraperitoneally), nicotine (1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), and ethanol plus nicotine which received both. Pregnant animals in each group were then divided into two groups, one group for examining the placenta that was treated for 18 days and the other group for the ovary of one-day-old (PND1) and fifty-six-day-old (PND56) female offspring who were treated for 42 days (during intrauterine development and lactation). After the autopsy procedure, histopathological and morphometrical observations were done. Data revealed that the exposed mice had a significant change in the placenta morphometry and histology as well as a marked increase in the number of ovarian TUNEL positive cells on postnatal days 1 and 56. Therefore, maternal exposure to alcohol and nicotine during developmental and lactation periods could lead to changes in the placenta properties as well as an increase in the apoptotic ovarian follicles in f1 mice pups.
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Key Words
- AMH, Anti-Müllerian hormone
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAX, BCL2 Associated X
- BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CTL, control
- Ca2+, calcium
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- E2, Estradiol
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EtOH, ethanol
- Ethanol
- FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone
- First-generation mice
- Follicular atresia
- GD, gestation day
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- HCL, Hydrogen Chloride
- IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction
- NMRI, Naval Medical Research Institute
- Ni, nicotine
- Nicotine
- OFR, ovarian follicular reservoir
- OS, oxidative stress
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- PND, Postnatal day
- Placenta
- ROS, reactive-oxygen-species
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SPSS, statistical package for the social sciences
- TUNEL, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Veh, vehicle
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cat.no, catalogue number
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- s.c., subcutaneously
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Musanejad
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vida Mirzaie
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Reynaud D, Sergent F, Abi Nahed R, Traboulsi W, Collet C, Marquette C, Hoffmann P, Balboni G, Zhou QY, Murthi P, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N. Evidence-Based View of Safety and Effectiveness of Prokineticin Receptors Antagonists during Pregnancy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030309. [PMID: 33802771 PMCID: PMC8002561 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine gland derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is a canonical member of the prokineticin (PROKs) family. It acts via the two G-protein coupled receptors, namely PROKR1 and PROKR2. We have recently demonstrated that EG-VEGF is highly expressed in the human placenta; contributes to placental vascularization and growth and that its aberrant expression is associated with pregnancy pathologies including preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. These findings strongly suggested that antagonization of its receptors may constitute a potential therapy for the pregnancy pathologies. Two specific antagonists of PROKR1 (PC7) and for PROKR2 (PKRA) were reported to reverse PROKs adverse effects in other systems. In the view of using these antagonists to treat pregnancy pathologies, a proof of concept study was designed to determine the biological significances of PC7 and PKRA in normal pregnancy outcome. PC7 and PKRA were tested independently or in combination in trophoblast cells and during early gestation in the gravid mouse. Both independent and combined treatments uncovered endogenous functions of EG-VEGF. The independent use of antagonists distinctively identified PROKR1 and PROKR2-mediated EG-VEGF signaling on trophoblast differentiation and invasion; thereby enhancing feto-placental growth and pregnancy outcome. Thus, our study provides evidence for the potential safe use of PC7 or PKRA to improve pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Reynaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Sergent
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Roland Abi Nahed
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Wael Traboulsi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Laboratory for Immuno-Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Constance Collet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Christel Marquette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Hoffmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Qun-Yong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Padma Murthi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (N.A.); Tel.: +4-3878-3501 (N.A.); Fax: +4-3878-5058 (N.A.)
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1292, Biologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé, 38000 Grenoble, France; (D.R.); (F.S.); (R.A.N.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (P.H.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service Obstétrique & Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CEDEX 9, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (N.A.); Tel.: +4-3878-3501 (N.A.); Fax: +4-3878-5058 (N.A.)
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Testa A, Jackson DB, Boccio C. Stressful life events and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113845. [PMID: 33761384 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Smoking during pregnancy poses a significant health risk for infant well-being. Prior research has linked experiencing stressful life events (SLEs) during pregnancy to prenatal smoking. However, extant research has not assessed whether SLEs experienced during pregnancy are a risk factor for prenatal electronic cigarette use. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between SLEs and electronic cigarette use during the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS We employ data on 70,626 recent mothers from the 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association between SLEs and electronic cigarette use during the third-trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS The prevalence of electronic cigarette use increased alongside an accumulating history of SLEs (0 SLEs = 0.4%; 1-2 SLEs = 0.9%; 3-5 SLEs = 1.9%; 6+ SLEs = 5.0%). Logistic regression models found 6 or more SLEs were associated with 4.7 times higher odds of electronic cigarette use relative to 0 SLEs after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (AOR = 4.705, 95% CI = 2.960, 7.479). Study findings also showed that women who experienced greater levels of SLEs had a higher prevalence of using any nicotine products (i.e., exclusive electronic cigarette user, exclusive cigarette user, dual user), relative to being a non-smoker. Findings from multinomial logistic regression models revealed that a higher number of SLEs was associated with an increased relative risk of all smoking outcomes. Still, these associations were particularly pronounced in the case of exclusive electronic cigarette user (ARR = 8.485, 95% CI = 4.900, 14.692) and dual-use (ARR = 8.348, 95% CI = 4.113, 16.945) when participants experienced 6 or more SLEs (relative to 0 SLEs). CONCLUSIONS Considering the potentially harmful ramifications of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy there is a need for interventions that reduce stressful experiences and decrease smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cashen Boccio
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zhu N, Ji X, Geng X, Yue H, Li G, Sang N. Maternal PM 2.5 exposure and abnormal placental nutrient transport. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111281. [PMID: 32919195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of human and animal experiments indicated that gestational exposure to atmospheric pollutants could be followed by the abnormal placental development. However, the effects of this exposure on the placental transportation for nutrients have not been systematically investigated. In this study, fine particulate matters (PM2.5) samples were collected in Taiyuan and pregnant rodent models were administered with 3 mg/kg b.w. PM2.5 by oropharyngeal aspiration every other day starting on embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5). Then the pregnant mice were sacrificed and their placentas were collected at different time points. The results showed that maternal PM2.5 exposure (MPE) disrupted the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at all time points and inhibited the cell proliferation in placenta. Following that, the capacity for placental nutrient transport was impaired. The changes at E18.5 were observed most significantly, showing the altered mRNA expression of amino acid, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), glucose and folate transporters. In addition, the glycogen content was elevated at E18.5, and the triglyceride content was increased at E13.5 and E15.5 and decreased at E18.5 in the placenta after MPE. In a word, the adverse effect induced by MPE revealed that MPE led tothe disruption on the nutrient supply to the developing fetus via modulating the abundance of placental nutrient transporters (PNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Xilin Geng
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
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30
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Srisajjakul S, Prapaisilp P, Bangchokdee S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Step-by-Step Approach. Korean J Radiol 2020; 22:198-212. [PMID: 33169550 PMCID: PMC7817633 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is an abnormal placental adherence or invasion of the myometrium or extrauterine structures. As PAS is primarily staged and managed surgically, imaging can only guide and facilitate diagnosis. But, imaging can aid in preparations for surgical complexity in some cases of PAS. Ultrasound remains the imaging modality of choice; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required for evaluation of areas difficult to visualize on ultrasound, and the assessment of the extent of placenta accreta. Numerous MRI features of PAS have been described, including dark intraplacental bands, placental bulge, and placental heterogeneity. Failure to diagnose PAS carries a risk of massive hemorrhage and surgical complications. This article describes a comprehensive, step-by-step approach to diagnostic imaging and its potential pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthipong Srisajjakul
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Patcharin Prapaisilp
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikan Bangchokdee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pratumthani Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand
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Alfaidy N, Brouillet S, Rajaraman G, Kalionis B, Hoffmann P, Barjat T, Benharouga M, Murthi P. The Emerging Role of the Prokineticins and Homeobox Genes in the Vascularization of the Placenta: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Front Physiol 2020; 11:591850. [PMID: 33281622 PMCID: PMC7689260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.591850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are key processes of placental development, which occur throughout pregnancy. Placental vasculogenesis occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy culminating in the formation of hemangioblasts from intra-villous stem cells. Placental angiogenesis occurs subsequently, forming new blood vessels from existing ones. Angiogenesis also takes place at the fetomaternal interface, allowing essential spiral arteriole remodeling to establish the fetomaternal circulation. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in animal models and in humans have been studied in a wide variety of in vitro, physiological and pathological conditions, with a focus on the pro- and anti-angiogenic factors that control these processes. Recent studies revealed roles for new families of proteins, including direct participants such as the prokineticin family, and regulators of these processes such as the homeobox genes. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of actions of these families of proteins. Over the past decade, evidence suggests increased production of placental anti-angiogenic factors, as well as angiogenic factors are associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia (PE): the most threatening pathologies of human pregnancy with systemic vascular dysfunction. This review also reports novel clinical strategies targeting members of these family of proteins to treat PE and its consequent effects on the maternal vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alfaidy
- Unité 1036, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France.,Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Brouillet
- INSERM U1203, Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gayathri Rajaraman
- Faculty of Health and Biomedicine, First Year College, Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pascale Hoffmann
- Unité 1036, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France.,Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Tiphaine Barjat
- Unité 1059, Saint-Etienne Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Suter MA, Aagaard KM. The impact of tobacco chemicals and nicotine on placental development. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1193-1200. [PMID: 32010988 PMCID: PMC7396310 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over the past decade in women of childbearing age raises parallel concerns regarding the effects of vaporized nicotine use in pregnancy. While research using animal models which mimic tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure in pregnancy have largely replicated findings in humans, few studies focus directly on the effects of these exposures on the placenta. Because the placenta is a fetal derived tissue, and nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke are either processed by or transported directly through the placenta, such studies help us understand the risks of these exposures on the developing fetus. In this review, we summarize research on the placenta and placental-derived cells examining either tobacco smoke or nicotine exposure, including both histologic and subcellular (ie, epigenetic and molecular) modifications. Collectively, these studies reveal that tobacco and nicotine exposure are accompanied by some common and several unique molecular and epigenomic placental modifications. Consideration of the nature and sequelae of these molecular mediators of risk may help to better inform the public and more effectively curtail modifiable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
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Bouzoubaa SM, Benlahfid M, Sidqui M, Aboussaouira T, Rifki C, Brouillet S, Traboulsi W, Alfaidy N, Benharouga M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endocrine gland-VEGF (EG-VEGF) are down regulated in head and neck cancer. Clin Otolaryngol 2020; 45:788-795. [PMID: 32516473 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the role of VEGF, EG-VEGF and its receptors in the development and progression of HNC. DESIGN Human serum and tissues samples were collected from healthy, epulis and HNC patients and used for ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry studies, respectively. SETTING Ibn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca (Morocco), INSERM and University of Grenoble Alpes (France). PARTICIPANTS We used serum from 64 patients with head and neck cancers and from 71 controls without general pathology. Tissues samples were collected from seven patients with OSCC and from seven patients with Epulis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We compared circulating VEGF and EG-VEGF in normal and HNC patients and determined the expression, localisation and quantification of VEGF, EG-VEGF and its receptors; PROKR1 and PROKR2 as well as Ki67, CD31 and CD34 in OSCC and Epulis patients. RESULTS Both EG-VEGF and VEGF circulating levels were significantly decreased in the HNC (P < .01). OSCC patients expressed less EG-VEGF and VEGF proteins, higher PROKR1 and PROKR2 with no change in CD31 and CD34 levels. A significant increase in Ki67 was observed in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that circulating VEGF and EG-VEGF are downregulated in HNC patients and in OSCC tissue. EG-VEGF receptors were increased in OSCC, along with a stabilisation of two key markers of angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest that downregulation of angiogenesis in HNC might explain its moderate metastatic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Mohamed Bouzoubaa
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Université Hassan II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Benlahfid
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Université Hassan II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mustapha Sidqui
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Université Hassan II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Touria Aboussaouira
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Université Hassan II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Chouaib Rifki
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Université Hassan II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Sophie Brouillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France.,Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Centre Clinique et Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Wael Traboulsi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute (BIG) of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute (BIG) of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- University Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute (BIG) of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble, France
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Nematollahi S, Holakouie-Naieni K, Madani A, Shabkhiz H, Torabi E, Lotfi S. The effect of quitting water pipe during pregnancy on anthropometric measurements at birth: a population-based prospective cohort study in the south of Iran. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:241. [PMID: 32321454 PMCID: PMC7179000 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding health effects of tobacco cessation during pregnancy is mainly restricted to cigarette while water pipe is the preferred method of tobacco smoking among women in the Middle-East. The present study aimed to assess the effects of cessation of water pipe during pregnancy on birth anthropometric measures in the south of Iran. METHODS Data on 1120 singleton pregnancies (response rate = 93.4%) from a population-based prospective cohort study in suburban communities in Bandar Abbas city was used. Based on water pipe smoking status, the study subjects were categorized into: 1) those who never smoke water pipe (never smoker); 2) those who stopped water pipe during pregnancy and resumed it postpartum (quitters); 3) those who continued smoking water pipe during their pregnancy (always smokers). The Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were utilized for the analyses. RESULTS Compared to never smokers, quitting water pipe in pregnancy decreased mean birthweight of infants by 99.30 g (β:-99.30, 95%CI:-204.35,-5.75) and an additional decrease of 37.83 g occurred in infants of always smokers (β:-137.13;95%CI:- 262.21,-12.05). Means of birth length did not significantly differ among the three water pipe groups. Means of head circumference, however, significantly increased by 0.79 cm in infants of always smokers (β:079,95%CI:0.13,1.45). CONCLUSION Quitting water pipe during pregnancy had positive effects on infant growth, especially birth weight. Awareness campaigns about health benefits of quitting water pipe during routine prenatal checkups and integration of active follow-up visits into prenatal care protocols for smoking mothers are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Nematollahi
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Koroush Holakouie-Naieni
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossain Madani
- School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Shabkhiz
- Bandar Abbas Heath Education & Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Torabi
- Bandar Abbas Heath Education & Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Lotfi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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He B, Chen J, Tian M, Chen J, Zhou C, Ou Y, Wang S, Li X, Zhuang J. Adverse effects of nicotine on cardiogenic differentiation from human embryonic stem cells detected by single-cell RNA sequencing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:848-855. [PMID: 32276728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking was one of the important adverse factors for congenital heart disease. The effects of nicotine, the main component of tobacco, on human embryonic cardiogenesis and related mechanisms remain poorly understood. This work used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the effects of nicotine on human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line H9 and its underlying mechanisms during cardiac differentiation. H9 was cultured in feeder-free medium and differentiated in cardiac condition medium when cells reached 90% confluent. Cell viability was detected by MTT after different concentration of nicotine treatment. Different expressed genes during cardiac differentiation was analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Key gene expressions were confirmed by qPCR and Western blot. Results showed that 0.1μM-10μM nicotine did not affect H9 cell proliferation. Nicotine 1 μM down-regulated cardiac progenitor cell, mesoderm cell, smooth muscle cell and neural crest cell relatively. Snail1/2 regulating endocardial cushion development were downregulated apparently at differention day 6. Nicotine didn't affect bry-1 and mesp-1 but inhibited cardiac transcript factors. Consequently, the expression of cTnI, a marker of cardiomyocytes was decreased significantly. The data suggest direct adverse effects of nicotine on heart development at the single-cell level and offer a new approach for estimate drug and environmental toxicity on the pathogenesis of the embryonic cardiovascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaochuan He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Effects of maternal smoking on human placental vascularization: A systematic review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 58:454-459. [PMID: 31307732 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal development of placental vascularization leads to placental insufficiency, which further reduces the nutrient and trace exchange between maternal circulation and fetal circulation. These changes cause maternal and fetal complications. The objective of our systematic review was to explore the effects of maternal smoking on placental vascularization. The eligibility criteria were: articles with experimental, quasi-experimental or observational design, performed on human subjects, that study the association, correlation or causation between maternal smoking and changes in placental vascular network. A total of 33 full-text papers were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 12 original articles that were included in the systematic review. Doppler studies confirm reductions in blood flow velocity waveforms and increase in RI in the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries. These findings are confirmed by morphometric measurements of fetal capillaries in villi that were shown to be smaller in smoke exposure groups.
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Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to symmetrical fetal growth restriction and labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta. Sci Rep 2020; 10:544. [PMID: 31953475 PMCID: PMC6969028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
1 in 5 women report cannabis use during pregnancy, with nausea cited as their primary motivation. Studies show that (-)-△9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, causes fetal growth restriction, though the mechanisms are not well understood. Given the critical role of the placenta to transfer oxygen and nutrients from mother, to the fetus, any compromise in the development of fetal-placental circulation significantly affects maternal-fetal exchange and thereby, fetal growth. The goal of this study was to examine, in rats, the impact of maternal Δ9-THC exposure on fetal development, neonatal outcomes, and placental development. Dams received a daily intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of vehicle control or Δ9-THC (3 mg/kg) from embryonic (E)6.5 through 22. Dams were allowed to deliver normally to measure pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, with a subset sacrificed at E19.5 for placenta assessment via immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Gestational Δ9-THC exposure resulted in pups born with symmetrical fetal growth restriction, with catch up growth by post-natal day (PND)21. During pregnancy there were no changes to maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, litter size, or gestational length. E19.5 placentas from Δ9-THC-exposed pregnancies exhibited a phenotype characterized by increased labyrinth area, reduced Epcam expression (marker of labyrinth trophoblast progenitors), altered maternal blood space, decreased fetal capillary area and an increased recruitment of pericytes with greater collagen deposition, when compared to vehicle controls. Further, at E19.5 labyrinth trophoblast had reduced glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in response to Δ9-THC exposure. In conclusion, maternal exposure to Δ9-THC effectively compromised fetal growth, which may be a result of the adversely affected labyrinth zone development. These findings implicate GLUT1 as a Δ9-THC target and provide a potential mechanism for the fetal growth restriction observed in women who use cannabis during pregnancy.
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Cardenas A, Lutz SM, Everson TM, Perron P, Bouchard L, Hivert MF. Mediation by Placental DNA Methylation of the Association of Prenatal Maternal Smoking and Birth Weight. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1878-1886. [PMID: 31497855 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal maternal smoking is a risk factor for lower birth weight. We performed epigenome-wide association analyses of placental DNA methylation (DNAm) at 720,077 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and prenatal maternal smoking among 441 mother-infant pairs (2010-2014) and evaluated whether DNAm mediates the association between smoking and birth weight using mediation analysis. Mean birth weight was 3,443 (standard deviation, 423) g, and 38 mothers (8.6%) reported smoking at a mean of 9.4 weeks of gestation. Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with a 175-g lower birth weight (95% confidence interval (CI): -305.5, -44.8) and with differential DNAm of 71 CpGs in placenta, robust to latent-factor adjustment reflecting cell types (Bonferroni-adjusted P < 6.94 × 10-8). Of the 71 CpG sites, 7 mediated the association between prenatal smoking and birth weight (on MDS2, PBX1, CYP1A2, VPRBP, WBP1L, CD28, and CDK6 genes), and prenatal smoking × DNAm interactions on birth weight were observed for 5 CpG sites. The strongest mediator, cg22638236, was annotated to the PBX1 gene body involved in skeletal patterning and programming, with a mediated effect of 301-g lower birth weight (95% CI: -543, -86) among smokers but no mediated effect for nonsmokers (β = -38 g; 95% CI: -88, 9). Prenatal maternal smoking might interact with placental DNAm at specific loci, mediating the association with lower infant birth weight.
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39
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Cardenas VM, Fischbach LA, Chowdhury P. The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy and the reproductive outcomes: A systematic review of the literature. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31582941 PMCID: PMC6770636 DOI: 10.18332/tid/104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among pregnant women is of great concern. To our knowledge the current literature provides conflicting views regarding the uncertainties of the effects of ENDS use during pregnancy on the health of the fetus. METHODS We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, for the period 2007 to October 2017 for terms to identify publications on ENDS use during pregnancy and the reproductive outcomes. We updated the search for the period November 2017 to November 2018 using Ovid Medline. We obtained full text of articles and present a summary of the contents. RESULTS We found no studies of pregnant women exposed to ENDS use and its effect on their fetus or neonates. However, there is a growing body of experimental studies in animals that suggest that nicotine in ENDS alters DNA methylation, induces birth defects, reduces the birth weight, and affects the development of the heart and lungs of their offspring. A large population-based cohort study in the United States estimated that 5% of pregnant women were current ENDS users in 2014; most of them also smoked cigarettes. Surveys conducted among practitioners indicate that there is a need to screen and counsel pregnant women. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of studies of women who used smokeless tobacco during pregnancy suggest that prenatal nicotine alone is a risk factor for low birth weight, premature delivery, and stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS There were no previous studies assessing the reproductive effects of ENDS use during pregnancy. However, prenatal exposure to nicotine is known to be harmful to the fetus and the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Cardenas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Lori A Fischbach
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Parimal Chowdhury
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
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40
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Effects of nicotine exposure on murine mandibular development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218376. [PMID: 31194840 PMCID: PMC6564027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is known to affect cell proliferation and differentiation, two processes vital to proper development of the mandible. The mandible, the lower jaw in mammals and fish, plays a crucial role in craniofacial development. Malformation of the jaw can precipitate a plethora of complications including disrupting development of the upper jaw, the palate, and or impeding airway function. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in utero nicotine exposure alters the development of the murine mandible in a dose dependent manner. To test this hypothesis, wild type C57BL6 mice were used to produce in utero nicotine exposed litters by adding nicotine to the drinking water of pregnant dams at concentrations of 0 μg/ml (control), 50 μg/ml (low), 100 μg/ml (medium), 200 μg/ml (high) throughout pregnancy to birth of litters mimicking clinically relevant nicotine exposures. Resultant pups revealed no significant differences in body weight however, cephalometric investigation revealed several dimensions affected by nicotine exposure including mandibular ramus height, mandibular body height, and molar length. Histological investigation of molars revealed an increase in proliferation and a decrease in apoptosis with nicotine exposure. These results demonstrate the direct effects of nicotine on the developing mandible outside the context of tobacco use, indicating that nicotine use including tobacco alternatives, cessation methods, and electronic nicotine delivering products may disrupt normal growth and development of the craniofacial complex.
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Ratsch A, Steadman K, Ryu B, Bogossian F. Tobacco and Pituri Use in Pregnancy: A Protocol for Measuring Maternal and Perinatal Exposure and Outcomes in Central Australian Aboriginal Women. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:E47. [PMID: 31181680 PMCID: PMC6632177 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts onmaternal and fetal health. However, in some populations, the use of smokeless tobacco exceeds theuse of smoked tobacco. In central Australia, Aboriginal populations utilize wild tobacco plants(Nicotiana spp.) as a smokeless product. These plants are known by a variety of names, one of whichis pituri. The plants are masticated and retained in the oral cavity for extended periods of time andtheir use continues throughout pregnancy, birth, and lactation. In contrast to the evidence related tocombusted tobacco use, there is no evidence as to the effects of pituri use in pregnancy. CentralAustralian Aboriginal women who were at least 28 weeks pregnant were stratified into three tobaccoexposure groups: (a) Pituri chewers, (b) smokers, and (c) non-tobacco users. Routine antenatal andbirth information, pre-existing and pregnancy-related maternal characteristics, fetal characteristics,and biological samples were collected and compared. The biological samples were analysed fortobacco and nicotine metabolite concentrations. Samples from the mother included venous blood,urine, hair and colostrum and/or breast milk. From the neonate, this included Day 1 and Day 3 urineand meconium, and from the placenta, arterial and venous cord blood following delivery. This is thefirst study to correlate the pregnancy outcomes of central Australian Aboriginal women with differenttobacco exposures. The findings will provide the foundation for epidemiological data collection inrelated studies. Note to readers: In this article, the term "Aboriginal" was chosen by central Australianwomen to refer to both themselves and the Aboriginal people in their communities. "Indigenous" waschosen to refer to the wider Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ratsch
- Research Education, Development and Support, Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service,Hervey Bay 4655, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Steadman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Fiona Bogossian
- School of Health & Sports Science and School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore 4558, Australia.
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Yue H, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li G, Sang N. Gestational exposure to PM 2.5 impairs vascularization of the placenta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:153-161. [PMID: 30772544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is the bridge that connects the developing fetus and mother and is the place where nutrient uptake, waste elimination and gas exchange occurs. Epidemiological studies indicate that fetal stress, such as gestational PM2.5 (particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) exposure, is a risk factor for abnormal placenta development that could induce adverse effects on the fetus. In the present study, PM samples were collected in Taiyuan. Then, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were treated with 3 mg/kg b.w. PM2.5 every other day starting on GD0.5, and were sacrificed at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), E15.5 and E18.5, and placentas were collected for placenta histopathological analysis and gene expression evaluation at the transcription or translation level. Our results showed that gestational exposure to PM2.5 significantly reduced the ratio of the mean area of labyrinthine (lab) layer/total area of placentas at E18.5. However, no significant difference was observed at E13.5 and E15.5. Interestingly, genes essential for this process were altered at E13.5 and E18.5 but not E15.5. Furthermore, gestational PM2.5 exposure decreased the mean area of maternal blood sinuses and fetal blood vessels and suppressed protein expression of CD31 in the PM2.5 group only at E18.5, while protein expression of CD34 in the PM2.5 group was similar to that in the control group at all time points. Finally, gestational exposure to PM2.5 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways at E13.5 and E18.5 but not E15.5. Taking these results together, gestational exposure to PM2.5 leads to histopathological changes and vascularization injuries of the placenta, and this response may be associated with activation of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Durham E, Howie RN, Warren G, LaRue A, Cray J. Direct Effects of Nicotine Exposure on Murine Calvaria and Calvarial Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3805. [PMID: 30846819 PMCID: PMC6405741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the link between adverse birth outcomes due to pre- and peri-natal nicotine exposure, research suggests 11% of US women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products throughout pregnancy. Maternal smoking has been linked to incidence of craniofacial anomalies. We hypothesized that pre-natal nicotine exposure may directly alter craniofacial development independent of the other effects of cigarette smoking. To test this hypothesis, we administered pregnant C57BL6 mice drinking water supplemented with 0, 50, 100 or 200 μg/ml nicotine throughout pregnancy. On postnatal day 15 pups were sacrificed and skulls underwent micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological analyses. Specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, α3, α7, β2, β4 were identified within the calvarial growth sites (sutures) and centers (synchondroses). Exposing murine calvarial suture derived cells and isotype cells to relevant circulating nicotine levels alone and in combination with nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonists resulted in cell specific effects. Most notably, nicotine exposure increased proliferation in calvarial cells, an effect that was modified by receptor agonist and antagonist treatment. Currently it is unclear what component(s) of cigarette smoke is causative in birth defects, however these data indicate that nicotine alone is capable of disrupting growth and development of murine calvaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Graham Warren
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Amanda LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education & Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
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Raez-Villanueva S, Ma C, Kleiboer S, Holloway AC. The effects of electronic cigarette vapor on placental trophoblast cell function. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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von Chamier M, Reyes L, Hayward LF, Brown MB. Impact of gestational nicotine exposure on intrauterine and fetal infection in a rodent model. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:1071-1084. [PMID: 28419180 PMCID: PMC5803783 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interaction between prenatal nicotine exposure and intrauterine infection using established rat models. Beginning at gestation day (GD) 6, dams were continuously infused with either saline or 6 mg/kg/day nicotine (Nic). At GD 14, dams received either sterile broth or 105 colony-forming units Mycoplasma pulmonis (MP), resulting in four treatment groups: control (4 dams, 33 fetal units); MP only (5 dams, 55 fetal units); Nic only (5 dams, 61 fetal units), and Nic + MP (7 dams, 82 fetal units). At GD 18, nicotine exposure significantly increased (P ≤ 0.02) the percentage of amniotic fluids and fetuses infected by MP but did not impact colonization rates of maternal sites. Nicotine exposure significantly reduced the numbers of MP in the placenta required for high microbial loads (≥104 color-changing units) in the amniotic fluid (P < 0.01). Fetal inflammatory response lesions were most extensive in the Nic only and Nic + MP groups (P < 0.0001). Control and MP only placentas were interleukin (IL)10-dominant, consistent with an M2/Th2 environment. Placentas exposed to nicotine shifted to a neutral environment, with equivalent levels of interferon gamma (IFNG) and IL10. Both IL6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in amniotic fluid were highly elevated when both nicotine and infection were present. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to nicotine increases the risk for intrauterine infection, lowers the infectious dose required to breach the placental barrier and infect the amniotic fluid and fetus, and alters the pathology and inflammatory profile associated with maternal and fetal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria von Chamier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin
| | - Linda F Hayward
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mary B Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Cytokines in Preterm Delivery: Proposal of a New Diagnostic Algorithm. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8073476. [PMID: 29850638 PMCID: PMC5911331 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8073476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting preterm delivery within 7 days is very important for the proper timing of glucocorticosteroid administration. If within 7 days after glucocorticosteroid administration, the delivery does not occur, it remains questionable if repeated glucocorticosteroid therapy results in improved infant respiratory function. Therefore, differentiation of preterm delivery from false preterm delivery is clinically significant. The aim of this study was to create a diagnostic algorithm to distinguish preterm delivery from false preterm delivery on the basis of concentrations of selected cytokines. The study group (n = 622) were patients hospitalized due to threatened preterm delivery. To assess the concentration of cytokines in the serum, we used a multiplex method, which allows simultaneous determination of 13 cytokines. The sets consist of the following cytokines: IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, BDNF, L-Selectin, E-Selectin, ICAM-1, PECAM, VCAM-1, MIP-1d, MIP-3b, Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, and BLC. In the study group, 67.8% patients had preterm delivery and 32.2% had false preterm delivery. Based on the analysis of cytokine concentrations, a classification tree to distinguish between preterm delivery and false preterm delivery was created. Our findings show the possibility of prediction of preterm delivery with the use of a classification and regression tree of selected cytokine concentration.
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Left Truncation Bias to Explain the Protective Effect of Smoking on Preeclampsia: Potential, But How Plausible? Epidemiology 2018; 28:428-434. [PMID: 28145985 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse association between maternal smoking and preeclampsia has been frequently observed in epidemiologic studies for several decades. In the May 2015 issue of this journal, Lisonkova and Joseph described a simulation study suggesting that bias from left truncation might explain the inverse association. The simulations were based on strong assumptions regarding the underlying mechanisms through which bias might occur. METHODS To examine the sensitivity of the previous authors' conclusions to these assumptions, we constructed a new Monte Carlo simulation using published estimates to frame our data-generating parameters. We estimated the association between smoking and preeclampsia across a range of scenarios that incorporated abnormal placentation and early pregnancy loss. RESULTS Our results confirmed that the previous authors' findings are highly dependent on assumptions regarding the strength of association between abnormal placentation and preeclampsia. Thus, the bias they described may be less pronounced than was suggested. CONCLUSIONS Under empirically derived constraints of these critical assumptions, left truncation does not appear to fully explain the inverse association between smoking and preeclampsia. Furthermore, when considering processes in which left truncation may result from the exposure, it is important to precisely describe the target population and parameter of interest before assessing potential bias. We comment on the specification of a meaningful target population when assessing maternal smoking and preeclampsia as a public health issue. We describe considerations for defining a target population in studies of perinatal exposures when those exposures cause competing events (e.g., early pregnancy loss) for primary outcomes of interest.
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Bjørnholt SM, Leite M, Albieri V, Kjaer SK, Jensen A. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth: results from a nationwide Danish register-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 95:1305-1312. [PMID: 27580369 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Only a few studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking affects the risk of antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth differently or whether smoking cessation in early pregnancy reduces the risk. Previous results are inconclusive. We addressed these questions in a large Danish population-based cohort study. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the Danish Medical Birth Register, we identified 841 228 singleton births in Denmark between 1997 and 2010 and gathered detailed information on maternal smoking during pregnancy and the vital status of the infant. Associations (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals) between maternal smoking and risk of stillbirth overall and separately for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth were analyzed using logistic regression models (generalized estimating equations), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Any smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of stillbirth, both overall (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.30-1.55) and for antepartum (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.53) and intrapartum (odds ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.96) stillbirths. Women who quit smoking at the beginning of the second trimester at the latest had no increased risk of stillbirth overall (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.80-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth, both overall and for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth separately. Women who quit smoking in the beginning of their pregnancy reduce their risk compared with that of non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bjørnholt
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mimmi Leite
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanna Albieri
- Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sergent F, Hoffmann P, Brouillet S, Garnier V, Salomon A, Murthi P, Benharouga M, Feige JJ, Alfaidy N. Sustained Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Beyond the First Trimester of Pregnancy Display Phenotypic and Functional Changes Associated With the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 68:148-56. [PMID: 27141059 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension diseases are classified as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia. The mechanisms of their development and prediction are still to be discovered. Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is an angiogenic factor secreted by the placenta during the first trimester of human pregnancy that was shown to control trophoblast invasion, to be upregulated by hypoxia, and to be abnormally elevated in pathological pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. These findings suggested that sustaining EG-VEGF levels beyond the first trimester of pregnancy may contribute to pregnancy-induced hypertension. To test this hypothesis, osmotic minipumps delivering EG-VEGF were implanted subcutaneously into gravid OF1 (Oncins France 1) mice on day 11.5 post coitus, which is equivalent to the end of the first trimester of human pregnancy. Mice were euthanized at 15.5 and 18.5 days post coitus to assess (1) litter size, placental, and fetal weights; (2) placental histology and function; (3) maternal blood pressure; (4) renal histology and function; and (5) circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin. Increased EG-VEGF levels caused significant defects in placental organization and function. Both increased hypoxia and decreased trophoblast invasion were observed. Treated mice had elevated circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin and developed gestational hypertension with dysregulated maternal kidney function. EG-VEGF effect on the kidney function was secondary to its effects on the placenta as similarly treated male mice had normal kidney functions. Altogether, these data provide a strong evidence to confirm that sustained EG-VEGF beyond the first trimester of pregnancy contributes to the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Sergent
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Pascale Hoffmann
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Sophie Brouillet
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Vanessa Garnier
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Aude Salomon
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Padma Murthi
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Feige
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., J.-J.F., N.A.); University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), BIG (Biosciences Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble)-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France (F.S., P.H., S.B., V.G., A.S., M.B., J.-J.F., N.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (P.H.); Laboratoire d'Aide à la Procréation-CECOS, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France (S.B.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France (M.B.); and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash university and the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
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Bao J, Liu Y, Yang J, Gao Q, Shi SQ, Garfield RE, Liu H. Nicotine inhibits LPS-induced cytokine production and leukocyte infiltration in rat placenta. Placenta 2016; 39:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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