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Sato K. Suppression of gp130 attenuated insulin-mediated signaling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17496. [PMID: 39080385 PMCID: PMC11289081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) subunit gp130 knockdown on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism-related signaling pathways and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. siRNA-mediated gp130 knockdown was conducted in C2C12 muscle cells, and insulin was added and incubated for 1 h. The cells were cultivated to analyze the mRNA levels of gp130, phosphorylation of STAT3, and glucose metabolism-regulated signaling pathways, and OSM levels in the culture medium were analyzed. The phosphorylation of STAT 3 was significantly decreased in gp130-/- cell. The insulin stimulation was significantly increased in both gp130-/- and gp130+/+ and the phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser 1101 was significantly decreased in gp130-/-. PI3-kinase activity and Akt Thr 308 phosphorylation were significantly decreased in gp130-/-. The insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake rate was significantly attenuated in gp130-/-. In the culture medium, OSM levels were significantly lower in gp130+/+compared to gp130-/- cell. In conclusion, the knockdown of gp130 caused a decrease in STAT 3 phosphorylation and resulted in the attenuation of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism signaling in skeletal muscle cells. Thus, an excessive increase in extracellular OSM may induce blunted insulin action in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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2
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Iemitsu K, Fujie S, Uchida M, Inoue K, Shinohara Y, Iemitsu M. Dioscorea esculenta Intake with Resistance Training Improves Muscle Quantity and Quality in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112438. [PMID: 37299401 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training and Dioscorea esculenta intake have a positive effect on muscle. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether 12-week Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance exercise more effectively improves muscle quantity, quality, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged and older adults. This study is a double-blind trial with 66 volunteers (21 males/45 females; age 53 ± 5 years; body weight 61 ± 11 kg; BMI 24 ± 4 kg) who were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary-control with placebo (Sed and PL) or Dioscorea (Sed and Dio) and resistance training with placebo (RT and PL) or Dioscorea (RT and Dio). Resistance training sessions using elastic bands were performed 3 days/week for a 12-week period. Dioscorea esculenta tablets were ingested at 2000 mg/day once per day. The RT and Dio group showed greater improvements in the femoris muscle's thickness, echo intensity for the rectus femoris (index of muscle quality), and the five times sit-to-stand test compared to that of the Sed and PL group; the echo intensity in the RT and Dio group further improved compared to those in the Sed and Dio, and RT and PL groups (p < 0.05). The circulating levels of C1q (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and Dio group were significantly lower than those in the Sed and PL, and Sed and Dio groups (p < 0.05). Chronic Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with low-intensity resistance exercise may more effectively improve muscle quantity and quality indices in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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3
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Zambrano E, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Chavira R, Lomas-Soria C, Gerow KG, Nathanielsz PW. Developmental Programming-Aging Interactions Have Sex-Specific and Developmental Stage of Exposure Outcomes on Life Course Circulating Corticosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Concentrations in Rats Exposed to Maternal Protein-Restricted Diets. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051239. [PMID: 36904238 PMCID: PMC10005360 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroids corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) perform multiple life course functions. Rodent life-course circulating corticosterone and DHEA trajectories are unknown. We studied life course basal corticosterone and DHEA in offspring of rats fed protein-restricted (10% protein, R) or control (20% protein, C), pregnancy diet first letter, and/or lactation second letter, producing four offspring groups-CC, RR, CR, and RC. We hypothesize that 1. maternal diet programs are sexually dimorphic, offspring life course steroid concentrations, and 2. an aging-related steroid will fall. Both changes differ with the plastic developmental period offspring experienced R, fetal life or postnatally, pre-weaning. Corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay and DHEA by ELISA. Steroid trajectories were evaluated by quadratic analysis. Female corticosterone was higher than male in all groups. Male and female corticosterone were highest in RR, peaked at 450 days, and fell thereafter. DHEA declined with aging in all-male groups. DHEA: corticosterone fell in three male groups but increased in all-female groups with age. In conclusion, life course and sexually dimorphic steroid developmental programming-aging interactions may explain differences in steroid studies at different life stages and between colonies experiencing different early-life programming. These data support our hypotheses of sex and programming influences and aging-related fall in rat life course serum steroids. Life course studies should address developmental programming-aging interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Kenneth G. Gerow
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Inoue K, Fujie S, Horii N, Yamazaki H, Uchida M, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced follistatin-like 1 secretion in the skeletal muscle is related to arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15300. [PMID: 35585770 PMCID: PMC9117810 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin‐like 1 (FSTL1), which is mainly secreted from skeletal muscle and myocardium, upregulates protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells. It is unclear whether skeletal muscle‐ and myocardium‐derived FSTL1 secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in the reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats. This study aimed to clarify whether aerobic exercise training‐induced FSTL1 secretion in myocardium and skeletal muscle is associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness via arterial Akt‐eNOS signaling pathway in obese rats. Sixteen Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) obese rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary control (OLETF‐CON) and eight‐week aerobic exercise training (treadmill for 60min at 25m/min, 5days/week, OLETF‐AT). Eight Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as a healthy sedentary control group. In OLETF‐CON, serum FSTL1, arterial Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and arterial nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were significantly lower, and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly greater than those in LETO. These parameters were improved in the OLETF‐AT compared to the OLETF‐CON. In the OLETF‐AT, FSTL1 levels in slow‐twitch fiber‐rich soleus muscle were significantly greater than those in the OLETF‐CON, but not in myocardium, fast‐twitch fiber‐rich tibialis anterior muscle, and adipose tissue. Serum FSTL1 levels were positively correlated with soleus FSTL1, arterial eNOS phosphorylation, and NOx levels and negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training‐induced FSTL1 secretion in slow‐twitch fiber‐rich muscles may be associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henry Yamazaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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5
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Bentley C, Potter C, Yakoub KM, Brock K, Homer V, Toman E, Taylor AE, Shaheen F, Gilligan LC, Athwal A, Barton D, Carrera R, Young K, Desai A, McGee K, Ermogenous C, Sur G, Greig CA, Hazeldine J, Arlt W, Lord JM, Foster MA. A prospective, phase II, single-centre, cross-sectional, randomised study investigating Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and its Profile in Trauma: ADaPT. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040823. [PMID: 34312190 PMCID: PMC8314713 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The improvements in short-term outcome after severe trauma achieved through early resuscitation and acute care can be offset over the following weeks by an acute systemic inflammatory response with immuneparesis leading to infection, multiorgan dysfunction/multiorgan failure (MOF) and death. Serum levels of the androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester DHEAS, steroids with immune-enhancing activity, are low after traumatic injury at a time when patients are catabolic and immunosuppressed. Addressing this deficit and restoring the DHEA(S) ratio to cortisol may provide a range of physiological benefits, including immune modulatory effects. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective is to establish a dose suitable for DHEA supplementation in patients after acute trauma to raise circulating DHEA levels to at least 15 nmol/L. Secondary objectives are to assess if DHEA supplementation has any effect on neutrophil function, metabolic and cytokine profiles and which route of administration (oral vs sublingual) is more effective in restoring circulating levels of DHEA, DHEAS and downstream androgens. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective, phase II, single-centre, cross-sectional, randomised study investigating Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and its profile in trauma, with a planned recruitment between April 2019 and July 2021, that will investigate DHEA supplementation and its effect on serum DHEA, DHEAS and downstream androgens in trauma. A maximum of 270 patients will receive sublingual or oral DHEA at 50, 100 or 200 mg daily over 3 days. Females aged ≥50 years with neck of femur fracture and male and female major trauma patients, aged 16-50 years with an injury severity score ≥16, will be recruited. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol was approved by the West Midlands - Coventry and Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee (Reference 18/WM/0102) on 8 June 2018. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with the European Medicines Agency (EudraCT: 2016-004250-15) and ISRCTN (12961998). It has also been adopted on the National Institute of Health Research portfolio (CPMS ID:38158). TRIAL PROGRESSION The study recruited its first patient on 2 April 2019 and held its first data monitoring committee on 8 November 2019. DHEA dosing has increased to 100 mg in both male cohorts and remains on 50 mg in across all female groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Bentley
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Potter
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kamal Makram Yakoub
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristian Brock
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria Homer
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Toman
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fozia Shaheen
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorna C Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amrita Athwal
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ronald Carrera
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie Young
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amisha Desai
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kirsty McGee
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christos Ermogenous
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurneet Sur
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit Clinical Trials Group (D3B team), CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark A Foster
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Shimomura M, Horii N, Fujie S, Inoue K, Hasegawa N, Iemitsu K, Uchida M, Iemitsu M. Decreased muscle-derived musclin by chronic resistance exercise is associated with improved insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14823. [PMID: 33955191 PMCID: PMC8100388 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic resistance exercise induces improved hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Musclin, a muscle‐derived secretory factor, is involved in the induction of insulin resistance via the downregulation of the glucose transporter‐4 (GLUT‐4) signaling pathway in skeletal muscles. However, whether musclin affects the mechanism of resistance exercise remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether decreased muscle‐derived musclin secretion in chronic resistance exercise is involved in the improvement of insulin resistance via the GLUT‐4 signaling pathway in rats with type 2 diabetes. Male, 20‐week‐old, Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type 2 diabetes model, were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary control (OLETF‐Con) and chronic resistance exercise (OLETF‐RT; climbing a ladder three times a week on alternate days for 8 weeks), whereas Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats were used as the nondiabetic sedentary control group. OLETF‐Con rats showed increased fasting glucose levels, decreased insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI), muscle GLUT‐4 translocation, and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and concomitantly increased muscle musclin expression. In contrast, OLETF‐RT rats significantly reduced muscle musclin expression, improved hyperglycemia, and QUICKI through an accelerated muscle GLUT‐4/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, chronic resistance exercise‐induced reduction of muscle musclin was correlated with changes in fasting glucose, QUICKI, GLUT‐4 translocation, and Akt phosphorylation. These findings suggest that the reduction in muscle‐derived musclin production by chronic resistance exercise may be involved in improved insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Shimomura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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7
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Kiersztan A, Gaanga K, Witecka A, Jagielski AK. DHEA-pretreatment attenuates oxidative stress in kidney-cortex and liver of diabetic rabbits and delays development of the disease. Biochimie 2021; 185:135-145. [PMID: 33771656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of reported discrepancies concerning antioxidant activity of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a widely used dietary supplement, the current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant properties of DHEA in both kidney-cortex and liver of alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rabbits, as this diabetogenic compound exhibits the ROS-dependent action. ALX was injected to animals following 7 days of DHEA administration. Four groups of rabbits were used in the experiments: control, DHEA-treated control, diabetic and DHEA-treated diabetic. Our results show for the first time, that in kidney-cortex DHEA resulted in normalization of hydroxyl free radicals (HFR) levels and restoration of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities to near the control values, while in liver DHEA prevented the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and normalized glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities. Moreover, in both kidney-cortex and liver DHEA supplementation prevented GSSG elevation accompanied by a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio. Although DHEA attenuated oxidative stress in both kidney-cortex and liver of ALX-induced diabetic rabbits and significantly delayed the onset of diabetes in time, it did not protect against the final development of diabetes. In conclusion, the current investigation underscores the complexity of the antioxidant action of DHEA. The data are of clinical interest since DHEA supplementation could prevent the deleterious effects of ROS and delay, or even prevent the onset of many diseases. However, in view of the reported pro-oxidant effects of high DHEA doses, the potential use of this agent as a supplement needs a careful evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiersztan
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kongorzul Gaanga
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Apolonia Witecka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Iemitsu K, Uchida M, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Effects of Dioscorea esculenta intake with resistance training on muscle hypertrophy and strength in sprint athletes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:338-343. [PMID: 33293777 PMCID: PMC7705086 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen hormones are important compounds related to body composition and exercise performance in athletes. The intake of Dioscorea esculenta, known as lesser yam, contains diosgenin and resistance training have been shown to normalize the secretion of androgen hormones. This study aimed to clarify the level of androgen hormone secretion and the effects of Dioscorea esculenta intake with resistance training on muscle hypertrophy and strength in athletes. First, in a cross-sectional study, we compared the serum androgen hormone [dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] levels between sprint athletes (n = 15) and non-athletes (n = 15). Second, in an 8-week intervention study, sprint athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups: resistance training with placebo (n = 8) or with Dioscorea esculenta (2,000 mg/day) intake (n = 7). The serum DHEA, free testosterone, and DHT levels were lower in athletes than in non-athletes. Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance training increased the arm fat-free mass, the 1 repetition maximum of deadlift and snatch, and the serum DHEA, free testosterone, and DHT levels, compared with resistance training and placebo intake. The results suggested that Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance training has further effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength in athletes by restoring secretion of androgen hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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9
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D'Andrea S, Spaggiari G, Barbonetti A, Santi D. Endogenous transient doping: physical exercise acutely increases testosterone levels-results from a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1349-1371. [PMID: 32297287 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although endogenous testosterone levels are demonstrated to be affected by both acute exercise and resistance training, the dynamic regulation of androgen production after physical activity is still a matter of debate. This meta-analysis was designed to assess whether physical exercise acutely affects testosterone levels in men. METHODS The literature search was conducted to identify longitudinal trials evaluating the acute change of both total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (fT) after physical activity in adult men. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering the sample collected (blood or saliva), the intensity of the physical exercise and the interval between the end of the exercise and the sample collection. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were included in the analysis, accounting for 126 trials. A total of 569 patients were enrolled (mean age 29.7 ± 13.1 years). The physical activity increased acutely TT (standardized mean difference 0.74, 95%CI: 0.56, 0.91 nmol/L), considering both serum and saliva samples (p < 0.001). Testosterone increased after moderate (p < 0.001) and high-intensity (p < 0.001) exercises, but not after mild physical activity (p = 0.19). Moreover, the testosterone increase was evident when measured immediately at the end of the exercise and within 30 min (p < 0.001), but not after 30 min (p = 0.930). Similar significant results were obtained considering fT, while SHBG did not change after physical activity (p = 0.090). CONCLUSION The comprehensive evaluation of the acute physical activity effect on testosterone levels identified a clear increase after exercise, irrespective of the sample collected. The main determinant of this fluctuation was the exercise intensity, with a mechanism that seems to be mostly SHBG independent. In particular, moderate/intense physical activity resulted able to increase endogenous androgenic production, albeit acutely and transitory. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO registration ID: 157348.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Andrea
- Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - A Barbonetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
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10
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Yokokawa T, Sato K, Narusawa R, Kido K, Mori R, Iwanaka N, Hayashi T, Hashimoto T. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and suppresses lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:612-619. [PMID: 32505344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has linked dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels to the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of exercise. While 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is inhibited by AMPK, is required for adipocyte differentiation and positively regulates lipid accumulation. DHEA treatment activates the AMPK pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Hence, DHEA addition to preadipocytes and adipocytes might activate AMPK and inhibit mTORC1, resulting in the inhibition of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA on the AMPK pathway, mTORC1 activity, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. DHEA suppressed lipid accumulation and adipogenic marker expression during differentiation. It also activated AMPK signaling in preadipocytes and adipocytes and suppressed mTORC1 activity during differentiation. These results suggest that the activation of the AMPK pathway and inhibition of mTORC1 activity may mediate the anti-obesity effect of DHEA, providing novel molecular-level insights into its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryoko Narusawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Risako Mori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Iwanaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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11
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Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Uchida M, Iemitsu M. Resistance exercise‐induced increase in muscle 5α‐dihydrotestosterone contributes to the activation of muscle Akt/mTOR/p70S6K‐ and Akt/AS160/GLUT4‐signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:11047-11057. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903223rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda‐ku Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
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12
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Inoue K, Fujie S, Hasegawa N, Horii N, Uchida M, Iemitsu K, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced irisin secretion is associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness via nitric oxide production in adults with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:715-722. [PMID: 31860334 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether muscle-derived irisin secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial nitric oxide (NO) productivity in obesity. In animal study, 16 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups: sedentary control (OLETF-CON) and 8-week aerobic treadmill training (OLETF-EX) groups. In human study, 15 subjects with obesity completed 8-week aerobic exercise training for 45 min at 60%-70% peak oxygen uptake intensity for 3 days/week. As a result of animal study, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was decreased, and arterial phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), circulating levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and irisin, and muscle messenger RNA expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) were increased in the OLETF-EX group compared with OLETF-CON group. In a human study, regular aerobic exercise reduced cfPWV and elevated circulating levels of NOx and irisin. Furthermore, change in circulating irisin levels by regular exercise was positively correlated with circulating NOx levels and was negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training-induced increase in irisin secretion may be related to reduction of arterial stiffness achieved by NO production via activated arterial AMPK-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway in obesity. Novelty Aerobic exercise training promoted irisin secretion with upregulation of muscle Fndc5 gene expression in rats with obesity. Irisin affected the activation of arterial AMPK-Akt-eNOS signaling by aerobic exercise training. Increased serum irisin level by aerobic exercise training was associated with reduction of arterial stiffness in obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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13
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Feng Y, Zhang J, Tian X, Wu J, Lu J, Shi R. Mechanical stretch activates glycometabolism-related enzymes via estrogen in C 2 C 12 myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5702-5710. [PMID: 31975415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Moderate exercise improves glycometabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes mellitus in menopausal females. So far, the effect of exercise-induced estrogen on muscular glycometabolism is not well defined. The current study was designed to explore the effect of mechanical stretch-induced estrogen on glycometabolism in mouse C2 C12 myoblasts. The mouse C2 C12 myoblasts in vitro were assigned randomly to the control (C), stretch (S), and stretch plus aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (SA) groups. Cells in the S group were stretched by the Flexcell FX-5000™ system (15% magnitude, 1 Hz frequency, and 6-hr duration) whereas those in the SA group were treated with 400 μg/ml anastrozole before the same stretching. Glucose uptake, estradiol levels, PFK-1 levels, and oxygen consumption rate were determined, and the expression of HK, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, and GLUT4 proteins were semiquantified with western blot analysis. Compared to the control, the estradiol level, oxygen consumption rate, expression of HK, PI3K, and PFK-1 proteins, the ratio of p-AKT to AKT, and the ratio of GLUT4 in the cell membrane to that in the whole cell were higher in the S group. On the other hand, the estradiol level, glucose uptake, expression of PFK-1 and GLUT4 proteins, oxygen consumption rate, expression of HK protein, and the ratio of p-AKT/AKT were lower in the myoblasts in the SA group than those in the S group. The level of estradiol was positively correlated with glucose uptake (p < .01, r = .818). Therefore, mechanical stretch-induced estrogen increased the expression of glycometabolism-related enzymes and proteins in the mouse C2 C12 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Tian
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rengfei Shi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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14
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Teixeira CJ, Veras K, de Oliveira Carvalho CR. Dehydroepiandrosterone on metabolism and the cardiovascular system in the postmenopausal period. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:39-57. [PMID: 31713639 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), mostly present as its sulfated ester (DHEA-S), is an anabolic hormone that naturally declines with age. Furthermore, it is the most abundant androgen and estrogen precursor in humans. Low plasma levels of DHEA have been strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this respect, DHEA could be regarded as a promising agent against metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women, since several age-related metabolic diseases are reported during aging. There are plenty of experimental evidences showing beneficial effects after DHEA therapy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as cardiovascular health. However, its potential as a therapeutic agent appears to attract controversy, due to the lack of effects on some symptoms related to MetS. In this review, we examine the available literature regarding the impact of DHEA therapy on adiposity, glucose metabolism, and the cardiovascular system in the postmenopausal period. Both clinical studies and in vitro and in vivo experimental models were selected, and where possible, the main cellular mechanisms involved in DHEA therapy were discussed. Schematic representation showing some of the general effects observed after administration DHEA therapy on target tissues of energy metabolism and the cardiovascular system. ↑ represents an increase, ↓ represents a decrease, - represents a worsening and ↔ represents no change after DHEA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Fleming St, Campinas, SP, 13083-881, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Katherine Veras
- Department of Nutrition, University of Mogi das Cruzes, 200 Dr. Cândido X. A. Souza Ave., Sao Paulo, SP, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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15
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Bentley C, Hazeldine J, Greig C, Lord J, Foster M. Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and rehabilitation of the traumatically injured patient. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:26. [PMID: 31388512 PMCID: PMC6676517 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe injuries are the major cause of death in those aged under 40, mainly due to road traffic collisions. Endocrine, metabolic and immune pathways respond to limit the tissue damage sustained and initiate wound healing, repair and regeneration mechanisms. However, depending on age and sex, the response to injury and patient prognosis differ significantly. Glucocorticoids are catabolic and immunosuppressive and are produced as part of the stress response to injury leading to an intra-adrenal shift in steroid biosynthesis at the expense of the anabolic and immune enhancing steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphated metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). The balance of these steroids after injury appears to influence outcomes in injured humans, with high cortisol: DHEAS ratio associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Animal models of trauma, sepsis, wound healing, neuroprotection and burns have all shown a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved survival and increased resistance to pathological challenges with DHEA supplementation. Human supplementation studies, which have focused on post-menopausal females, older adults, or adrenal insufficiency have shown that restoring the cortisol: DHEAS ratio improves wound healing, mood, bone remodelling and psychological well-being. Currently, there are no DHEA or DHEAS supplementation studies in trauma patients, but we review here the evidence for this potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and rehabilitation of the severely injured patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Bentley
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet Lord
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Foster
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, B15 2SQ UK
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16
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Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Uchida M, Iemitsu K, Inoue K, Iemitsu M. Effect of combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic rats. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:45-50. [PMID: 30928787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorella is a type of unicellular green algae that contains various nutrients. Habitual exercise and chlorella treatment can improve insulin resistance in obese or diabetic animal models. However, the additive effects of combined chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training would produce greater effects on improving glycemic control in rats with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-wk-old male rats with type 2 diabetes (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF] rats) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control, aerobic exercise training (treadmill running for 1 h, 25m/min, 5 d/wk), chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal diet), or combination of aerobic exercise training and chlorella intake for 8 wk (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and total glucose area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test and increased the insulin sensitivity index concomitant with muscle phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity, protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation levels. Furthermore, a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly further improved these effects compared with aerobic exercise training or chlorella intake alone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that chlorella intake combined with aerobic exercise training had more pronounced effects on the improvement of glycemic control via further activation of muscle PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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17
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Exercise activates the PI3K-AKT signal pathway by decreasing the expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in PCOS rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7982. [PMID: 29789599 PMCID: PMC5964186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia are main clinical endocrine features of PCOS. Exercise can adjust the androgen level, as well as increase the sensitivity of insulin by activating PI3K-Akt insulin signaling pathways. 5αR1 has certain effects on insulin resistance and can synthesize dihydrotestosterone by metabolizing testosterone. So 5αR1 may be the target of androgen and insulin for exercise-induced regulation. To investigate the role of 5αR1 in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of PCOS rats activated by exercise, fifty-four female rats were randomly divided into the PCOS group (n = 42) and the control group(n = 12). After injection of testosterone propionate for 28 days, the remaining 36 rats in the PCOS group were randomly assigned to six groups: the sedentary group (PS, n = 6), sedentary and 5αRI (5α-reductase inhibitor) group (PS + RI, n = 6), sedentary and 5αR2I (5α-reductase type 2 selective inhibitor) group (PS + R2I, n = 6), exercise group (PE, n = 6), exercise and 5αRI group (PE + RI, n = 6), and exercise and 5αR2I group (PE + R2I, n = 6). The rats undergoing exercise were trained to swim for 14 days. Finasteride (5α-reductase type 2 selective inhibitor) and dutasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) were administered once daily and were dosed based on weight. At the end, the expression of 5αR1 proteins, the phosphorylation level of PI3K and AKT, were determined by Western blot. The PCOS non-exercise group and the PE + RI group displayed significantly lower phosphorylation of Akt, PI3K p85 and GLUT4 expression, while in the PE + R2I group, the level of Akt phosphorylation and PI3K p85 expression was significantly higher than that of the PCOS non-exercise group and the PE + RI group. In summary, our study demonstrated that exercise can activate the PI3K/AKT signal pathway of PCOS rats by decreasing the expression of 5αR1.
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18
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Cho DY, Yeo JK, Cho SI, Jung JE, Yang SJ, Kong DH, Ha JK, Kim JG, Park MG. Exercise improves the effects of testosterone replacement therapy and the durability of response after cessation of treatment: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:602-607. [PMID: 27427553 PMCID: PMC5566857 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.184269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the combination of exercise and TRT on symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and the durability of response after cessation of TRT were investigated. A total of fifty patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) who had a sedentary lifestyle and low serum total testosterone (T) levels were enrolled and followed for 20 weeks. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; all of them received T gel for 12 weeks and it was discontinued for 8 weeks. Patients assigned to Group II were offered a supervised exercise program for 20 weeks. Measurement of serological testing was performed and self-assessment questionnaires and Global Assessment Question (GAQ) were asked. Baseline characteristics and the initial symptom scores showed no significant difference between the two groups. Serum total T levels and the symptom scores were increased at 12 weeks in both groups, and Group II showed better results with statistical significance. There was a decrease in T levels and worsening of symptom scores at week 20 compared to week 12 in both groups, and Group II showed better results with statistical significance. On the GAQ, Group II showed higher ratio of “yes” at week 12 and the same tendency was sustained at week 20 with significant difference between two groups. The combination of exercise and TRT showed significant improvements in serum T levels and LOH symptoms compared to TRT alone. In addition, these improvements were maintained in the combination group with continuous exercise, even after cessation of TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeon Cho
- Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Department of Urology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyun Yeo
- Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, Department of Urology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ik Cho
- KonKuk University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jung
- Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Yang
- KonKuk University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kong
- Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ku Ha
- Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- KonKuk University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Gu Park
- Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, Department of Urology, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Yeo JK, Cho SI, Park SG, Jo S, Ha JK, Lee JW, Cho SY, Park MG. Which Exercise Is Better for Increasing Serum Testosterone Levels in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction? World J Mens Health 2018; 36:147-152. [PMID: 29623694 PMCID: PMC5924956 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the correlations of serum total testosterone (TT) levels with body composition and physical fitness parameters in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) to know the best exercise for testosterone deficiency. Materials and Methods Eighty-seven ED patients underwent serum TT assessment as well as body composition and basic exercise testing. The bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess body composition. Seven types of basic exercise tests were used to determine physical fitness. Correlations between serum TT levels and body composition/physical function parameters were evaluated using partial correlation analyses. A serum TT cut-off value was obtained for the parameters significantly correlated with serum TT levels. Results The subjects had a mean serum TT level of 342.1 ng/dL. Among the body composition parameters, body and abdominal fat percentages showed statistically significant negative correlations with serum TT levels. Among the basic exercise test parameters, only the cycle ergometer test for cardiorespiratory fitness showed a statistically significant positive correlation with serum TT levels. Conclusions Serum TT levels in patients with ED, may be increased by reducing fat percentage and improving cardiorespiratory fitness via aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyun Yeo
- Department of Urology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ik Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Gu Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok Jo
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong Ku Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medical Center, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Cho
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Min Gu Park
- Department of Urology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Song X, Shen Q, Fan L, Yu Q, Jia X, Sun Y, Bai W, Kang J. Dehydroepiandrosterone-induced activation of mTORC1 and inhibition of autophagy contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11905-11921. [PMID: 29552281 PMCID: PMC5844717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age and also an important metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR). Hyperandrogenism is a key feature of PCOS. However, whether hyperandrogenism can cause IR in PCOS remains largely unknown. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its regulated autophagy are closely associated with IR. In the present study, we investigated the role of mTORC1-autophagy pathway in skeletal muscle IR in a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mouse model. DHEA-treated mice exhibited whole-body and skeletal muscle IR, along with the activated mTORC1, repressed autophagy, impaired mitochondria, and reduced plasma membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in skeletal muscle of the mice. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, treatment with high dose testosterone activated mTORC1, reduced autophagy, impaired mitochondria, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and induced IR. Inhibition of mTORC1 or induction of autophagy restored mitochondrial function, up-regulated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and increased insulin sensitivity. On the contrary, inhibition of autophagy exacerbated testosterone-induced impairment. Our findings suggest that the mTORC1-autophagy pathway might contribute to androgen excess-induced skeletal muscle IR in prepubertal female mice by impairing mitochondrial function and reducing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These data would help understanding the role of hyperandrogenism and the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle IR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyang Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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The Role of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Skeletal Muscle. DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE 2018; 108:205-221. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Sato K, Nishijima T, Yokokawa T, Fujita S. Acute bout of exercise induced prolonged muscle glucose transporter-4 translocation and delayed counter-regulatory hormone response in type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178505. [PMID: 28570686 PMCID: PMC5453522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that an acute bout of aerobic exercise induces a subsequent delayed onset of hypoglycemia among patients with type 1 diabetes. However, the mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes are still unclear. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected to 6-week-old male Wistar rats, and three days after STZ injection, animals were randomly assigned into 2 groups: STZ with insulin only (STZ) and STZ with insulin and exercise (STZ+EX). Normal Wistar rats with exercise were used as control (CON+EX). Insulin was intraperitoneally injected (0.5 U/kg) to both STZ groups (-0.5 h), and a bout of aerobic exercise (15 m/min for 30 min) was conducted at euglycemic conditions (0 h). Blood was collected at 0, 1, 3, and 5 h after exercise from the carotid artery. While the blood glucose level was stable during the post-exercise period (0-5 h) in the STZ and CON+EX groups, it decreased significantly only in the STZ+EX group at 3 h. Plasma glucagon, adrenalin, and noradrenalin levels significantly increased at 1 h in the STZ group, whereas significant hormonal responses were observed at 5 h in the STZ+EX group. In skeletal muscle glucose metabolism-related pathway, the level of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) translocation was significantly higher at 1 h in the CON and STZ groups. However, in the STZ+EX group, these activations were maintained by 5 h, indicating a sustained glucose metabolism in the STZ+EX group. A single bout of aerobic exercise induced a delayed onset of hypoglycemia in STZ-treated rats. A prolonged enhancement of GLUT-4 translocation and delayed counter-regulatory hormone responses may have contributed to the induction of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokokawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Increased Muscular 5α-Dihydrotestosterone in Response to Resistance Training Relates to Skeletal Muscle Mass and Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165689. [PMID: 27832095 PMCID: PMC5104401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular resistance exercise induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a sex steroid hormone precursor, increases 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis and is associated with improvements in fasting blood glucose level and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether increase in muscle DHT levels, induced by chronic resistance exercise, can contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and concomitant improvement of muscular glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Male 20-week-old type 2 diabetic rats (OLETF) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary control, resistance training (3 times a week on alternate days for 8 weeks), or resistance training with continuous infusion of a 5α-reductase inhibitor (n = 8 each group). Age-matched, healthy nondiabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n = 8) were used as controls. The results indicated that OLETF rats showed significant decrease in muscular DHEA, free testosterone, DHT levels, and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes, with loss of skeletal muscle mass and hyperglycemia, compared to that of LETO rats. However, 8-week resistance training in OLETF rats significantly increased the levels of muscle sex steroid hormones and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes with a concomitant increase in skeletal muscle mass, improved fasting glucose level, and insulin sensitivity index. Moreover, resistance training accelerated glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) translocation and protein kinase B and C-ζ/λ phosphorylation. Administering the 5α-reductase inhibitor in resistance-trained OLETF rats resulted in suppression of the exercise-induced effects on skeletal muscle mass, fasting glucose level, insulin sensitivity index, and GLUT-4 signaling, with a decline in muscular DHT levels. These findings suggest that resistance training-induced elevation of muscular DHT levels may contribute to improvement of hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Sato K, Fujita S, Iemitsu M. Dioscorea esculenta
‐induced increase in muscle sex steroid hormones is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity in a type 2 diabetes rat model. FASEB J 2016; 31:793-801. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600874r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
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Aoki K, Tajima K, Taguri M, Terauchi Y. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on Akt and protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) phosphorylation in different tissues of C57BL6, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) male mice fed a high-fat diet. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 159:110-20. [PMID: 26976654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) suppresses the activity and mRNA expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation levels of Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1 and IRS2 reportedly differ between the liver and muscle tissue and the effect of DHEA on insulin signaling has not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined DHEA's effect on the liver and muscle tissue of IRS1(-/-) and IRS2(-/-) mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD containing 0.2% DHEA for 4 weeks. In a separate experiment, 8-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed an HFD or an HFD containing 0.2% androstenedione for 4 weeks. In an insulin tolerance test, DHEA administration decreased the initial plasma glucose levels in the C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) mice but did not decrease the ratios to the basal blood glucose level. Although DHEA administration increased Akt phosphorylation in the liver of the C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) mice, androstenedione administration did not increase Akt phosphorylation in the liver of C57BL6 mice. DHEA administration did not increase Akt and PKCζ phosphorylation in the muscle tissue of C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), or IRS2(-/-) mice. However, androstenedione administration increased Akt and PKCζ phosphorylation in the muscle tissue of C57BL6 mice. These findings suggest that the effect of DHEA on insulin action in the liver is self-mediated by DHEA or DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) in the presence of IRS1, IRS2, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Aoki
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD, Sarandy MM, Damasceno EM, da Matta SLP, de Gouveia NM, Freitas MB, Espindola FS. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone enhances wound healing in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2016; 152:67-75. [PMID: 27009546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wound healing involves a complex interaction between the cells, extracellular matrix and oxidative response. AIMS Analyze the effects of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone (5α-DTH) ointment in cutaneous wound healing by secondary intention in diabetic Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS Rats (302.23±26.23g, n=48) were maintained in cages with food and water ad libitum in accordance with the Guiding Principles in the Use of Animal Ethics Committee. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Three skin wounds (12mm diameter) were created on the animals' back, which were randomized into 6 groups according to the application received: VT group: Vehicle (lanolin), SA group: 0.9% saline solution, NC group: Non-diabetic, CP group: positive control (silver sulfadiazine 0001%), T1 group: Testosterone (10%), T2 group: Testosterone (20%) emulsified in lanolin. The applications were made daily within 21days, and tissues from different wounds were removed every 7days. KEY FINDINGS Both groups treated with testosterone (T1 and T2) showed a significantly higher proportion of type I and type III collagen fibers. Superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher on days 7 and 14 in testosterone treated groups. Protein carbonyls and MDA were lower in both groups. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that groups treated with 5α-DTH showed a better healing pattern with complete wound closure, and proved to have a positive effect on the morphology of the scar tissue as well as an antioxidant stimulating effect during secondhand intention skin wounds repair in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariáurea M Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Damasceno
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L P da Matta
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Neire M de Gouveia
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariella B Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Foued S Espindola
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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27
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DHEA-induced modulation of renal gluconeogenesis, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile in the control- and dexamethasone-treated rabbits. Metabolic studies. Biochimie 2016; 121:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kumagai H, Zempo-Miyaki A, Yoshikawa T, Tsujimoto T, Tanaka K, Maeda S. Increased physical activity has a greater effect than reduced energy intake on lifestyle modification-induced increases in testosterone. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 58:84-9. [PMID: 26798202 PMCID: PMC4706091 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Obesity results in reduced serum testosterone levels, which causes many disorders in men. Lifestyle modifications (increased physical activity and calorie restriction) can increase serum testosterone levels. However, it is unknown whether increased physical activity or calorie restriction during lifestyle modifications has a greater effects on serum testosterone levels. Forty-one overweight and obese men completed a 12-week lifestyle modification program (aerobic exercise training and calorie restriction). We measured serum testosterone levels, the number of steps, and the total energy intake. We divided participants into two groups based on the median change in the number of steps (high or low physical activities) or that in calorie restriction (high or low calorie restrictions). After the program, serum testosterone levels were significantly increased. Serum testosterone levels in the high physical activity group were significantly higher than those in the low activity group. This effect was not observed between the groups based on calorie restriction levels. We found a significant positive correlation between the changes in serum testosterone levels and the number of steps. Our results suggested that an increase in physical activity greatly affected the increased serum testosterone levels in overweight and obese men during lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
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Yokokawa T, Sato K, Iwanaka N, Honda H, Higashida K, Iemitsu M, Hayashi T, Hashimoto T. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates AMP kinase and regulates GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:42-7. [PMID: 25983323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and caloric restriction (CR) have been reported to have anti-ageing, anti-obesity, and health-promoting effects. Both interventions increase the level of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in muscle and blood, suggesting that DHEA might partially mediate these effects. In addition, it is thought that either 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mediates the beneficial effects of exercise and CR. However, the effects of DHEA on AMPK activity and PGC-1α expression remain unclear. Therefore, we explored whether DHEA in myotubes acts as an activator of AMPK and increases PGC-1α. DHEA exposure increased glucose uptake but not the phosphorylation levels of Akt and PKCζ/λ in C2C12 myotubes. In contrast, the phosphorylation levels of AMPK were elevated by DHEA exposure. Finally, we found that DHEA induced the expression of the genes PGC-1α and GLUT4. Our current results might reveal a previously unrecognized physiological role of DHEA; the activation of AMPK and the induction of PGC-1α by DHEA might mediate its anti-obesity and health-promoting effects in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Iwanaka
- The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroki Honda
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
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Kumagai H, Zempo-Miyaki A, Yoshikawa T, Tsujimoto T, Tanaka K, Maeda S. Lifestyle modification increases serum testosterone level and decrease central blood pressure in overweight and obese men. Endocr J 2015; 62:423-30. [PMID: 25753766 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions and is associated with multiple comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease. A novel predictor of cardiovascular disease is elevated central systolic blood pressure. In fact, lifestyle modifications have been shown to decrease the central systolic blood pressure in overweight and obese men. The mechanism underlying these changes has yet to be fully elucidated. Interestingly, testosterone has been found to have cardioprotective effects. Moreover, serum testosterone levels are lower in obese men than in normal weight men. However, it is still unclear whether testosterone participates in the decrease of central blood pressure in overweight and obese men following lifestyle modifications. So, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of testosterone on central systolic blood pressure in overweight and obese men before and after the 12-week lifestyle modification program. Forty-four overweight and obese men completed a 12-week lifestyle modification program (aerobic exercise training and dietary modifications). For all participants, central systolic blood pressure and serum testosterone levels were measured before and after the program. After the program, central systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased while serum total testosterone levels were significantly increased in overweight and obese men. Moreover, we also found a significant negative relationship between the change in serum testosterone levels and that in central systolic blood pressure. The present study suggests that increased serum testosterone levels likely contribute to a decrease in central blood pressure in overweight and obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Fokidis HB, Adomat HH, Kharmate G, Hosseini-Beheshti E, Guns ES, Soma KK. Regulation of local steroidogenesis in the brain and in prostate cancer: lessons learned from interdisciplinary collaboration. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:108-29. [PMID: 25223867 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids play critical roles in the regulation of the brain and many other organs. Traditionally, researchers have focused on sex steroid signaling that involves travel from the gonads via the circulation to intracellular receptors in target tissues. This classic concept has been challenged, however, by the growing number of cases in which steroids are synthesized locally and act locally within diverse tissues. For example, the brain and prostate carcinoma were previously considered targets of gonadal sex steroids, but under certain circumstances, these tissues can upregulate their steroidogenic potential, particularly when circulating sex steroid concentrations are low. We review some of the similarities and differences between local sex steroid synthesis in the brain and prostate cancer. We also share five lessons that we have learned during the course of our interdisciplinary collaboration, which brought together neuroendocrinologists and cancer biologists. These lessons have important implications for future research in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bobby Fokidis
- Department of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 37289, USA; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Hans H Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | | | - Emma S Guns
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Serum sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related enzyme expression in skeletal muscle during experimental weight gain in men. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:439-44. [PMID: 24792219 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-circulating testosterone is associated with development of type 2 diabetes in obese men. In this study, we examined the effects of experimental overfeeding and weight gain on serum levels of sex hormones and skeletal muscle expression of steroidogenic enzymes in healthy men with (FH+) and without (FH-) a family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Following a 3-day lead in energy balanced diet, FH+ (n = 9) and FH- men (n = 11) were overfed by 5200 kJ/day (45% fat) for 28 days. Body weight, fasting glucose, insulin, sex steroid, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) and body fat (DXA) were assessed in all individuals at baseline and day 28, and sex steroidogenesis-related enzyme expression in vastus lateralis biopsies was examined in a subset (n = 11). RESULTS Body weight, fat mass and fasting insulin levels were increased by overfeeding (P < 0.01) and insulin was increased significantly more in FH+ men (P<0.01). Serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were reduced with overfeeding (P < 0.05), and serum testosterone and DHT were reduced to a greater extent in FH+ men (P < 0.05). Overfeeding reduced mRNA expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17βHSD (P ≤ 0.007), independently of group. 5α-Reductase (SRD5A1) mRNA expression was not changed overall, but a time by group interaction was observed (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Overfeeding reduced SHBG and muscle expression of enzymes involved in the formation of testosterone in skeletal muscle. Men with a family history of T2DM were more susceptible to deleterious outcomes of overfeeding with greater reductions in serum testosterone and DHT and greater increases in markers of insulin resistance, which may contribute to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Sato K, Iemitsu M, Matsutani K, Kurihara T, Hamaoka T, Fujita S. Resistance training restores muscle sex steroid hormone steroidogenesis in older men. FASEB J 2014; 28:1891-7. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-245480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Kenji Matsutani
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
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34
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Hashimoto T, Sato K, Iemitsu M. Exercise-inducible factors to activate lipolysis in adipocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:260-7. [PMID: 23681914 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00427.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of exercise training on the levels of lipid droplet (LD)-associated and mitochondria-related proteins in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Furthermore, we assessed putative factors induced by exercise to activate lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DIO Wistar male rats (age 20 wk) were divided into sedentary control (SED, n = 7) and exercise training (EX, n = 7) groups. EX animals were subjected to treadmill running (25 m/min, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 6 wk. Epididymal fat was dissected and used for protein analyses. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with media containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium-lactate, caffeine, AICAR, or SNAP (NO donor) for 6 h, or 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min, followed by incubation with normal media for up to 24 h total. Protein expression levels and lipolytic activities were biochemically assayed. Epididymal fat significantly decreased in EX animals compared with SED animals. Levels of cytochrome c oxidase (COx), perilipin, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) proteins in epididymal fat pads of EX animals were significantly increased compared with those in SED animals. In 3T3-L1 cells, glycerol or fatty acid release was significantly increased by all treatments. Lactate or SNAP significantly increased PGC-1α expression, and H2O2 significantly increased COx protein levels compared with controls. Expression of perilipin, HSL, ATGL, or comparative gene identification (CGI)-58 was significantly increased by all treatments. By increasing lipolytic activity in adipocytes, the exercise-inducible factors are attractive therapeutic effectors against LD-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
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35
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Yarrow JF, McCoy SC, Borst SE. Intracrine and myotrophic roles of 5α-reductase and androgens: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44:818-26. [PMID: 21988936 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31823bfcbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Historically, the circulation was thought to be the primary source of androgens influencing skeletal muscle. However, a growing body of research indicates that skeletal muscle expresses several androgen-synthesizing enzymes, including 5α-reductase. The intramuscular expression of these enzymes suggests that skeletal muscle is capable of synthesizing bioactive androgens, which could induce myotrophic effects via intracrine action. PURPOSE The aim of this brief review is to discuss recent research related to the intracrine and myotrophic roles of androgens, with particular focus on 5α-reductase as a myotrophic mediator. METHODS Included in the review are 17 reviews and 58 original studies that were identified by a systematic review from MEDLINE and deemed particularly relevant to our purpose. Results are summarized to provide an overview of 5α-reductase as a mediator of the myotrophic effects of androgens. In particular, discussions are included regarding androgen biosynthesis and androgen signaling within skeletal muscle, the effects of exercise on intramuscular androgen biosynthesis, and clinical applications of androgens and of a new class of myotrophic agonists termed selective androgen receptor modulator. RESULTS The ability of several peripheral tissues to synthesize bioactive androgens is well documented in the literature. Herein, we summarize newer studies that demonstrate that 1) skeletal muscle has the capability to synthesize both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone, which is present in abundance within the circulation, and 2) that exercise increases the expression of certain androgen-biosynthesizing enzymes within muscle. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscularly synthesized androgens have the potential to influence skeletal muscle via intracrine action; however, their exact role in skeletal muscle development and maintenance requires further elucidation.
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