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Bursakov SA, Kovaleva AV, Brigida AV, Zaripov OG. Functional analysis of the GPAT4 gene mutation predicted to affect splicing. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2269210. [PMID: 37906284 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2269210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The GPAT4 gene is considered as a potential functional candidate for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies in dairy cattle breeding due to its association with dairy performance in cattle by encoding an enzyme responsible for the presence of diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols in milk. Using the example of the GPAT4 gene, we applied the minigene splicing assay to analyze the functional consequences of its variant that was predicted to affect normal splicing. The results of functional analysis revealed the sequence variations (rs442541537), transfection experiments in a wild type and mutant cell line model system demonstrated that the investigated mutation in the second intron of the GPAT4 gene was responsible for the presence of a second exon in mature messenger RNA (mRNA). The cases of its absence in the spliced mature mRNA transcript resulted in a truncated dysfunctional protein due to the appearance of a stop codon. Thus, the discovered SNP led to alternative splicing in pre-mRNA by the 'cassette exon' ('exon skipping') mechanism. The studied mutation can potentially be a molecular genetic marker for alternative splicing for the GPAT4 gene and, therefore contributes to economic benefits in cattle breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Bursakov
- Institution of Innovative Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry - A Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry Named After Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kovaleva
- Institution of Innovative Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry - A Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry Named After Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artyom V Brigida
- Institution of Innovative Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry - A Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry Named After Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg G Zaripov
- Institution of Innovative Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry - A Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry Named After Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Moscow, Russia
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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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3
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Zhou C, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wei S, Liu Z. Disruption of the peripheral biological clock may play a role in sleep deprivation-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism in both the daytime and nighttime phases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159530. [PMID: 38964437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on lipid metabolism or lipid metabolism regulation in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) during the light and dark phases and explored the possible mechanisms underlying the diurnal effect of SD on lipid metabolism associated with clock genes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 2 months were deprived of sleep daily for 20 h for ten consecutive days with weakly forced locomotion. The body weights and food consumption levels of the SD and control mice were recorded, and the mice were then sacrificed at ZT (zeitgeber time) 2 and ZT 14. The peripheral clock genes, enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT, and melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism in the liver were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics were used to identify differential lipid metabolism pathways in the liver. RESULTS Bodyweight gain and daily food consumption were dramatically elevated after SD. Profound disruptions in the diurnal regulation of the hepatic peripheral clock and enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT were observed, with a strong emphasis on hepatic lipid metabolic pathways, while melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism exhibited moderate changes. CONCLUSIONS In mice, ten consecutive days of SD increased body weight gain and daily food consumption. In addition, SD profoundly disrupted lipid metabolism in the WAT and liver during the light and dark periods. These diurnal changes may be related to disorders of the peripheral biological clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Hu
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shougang Wei
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Lee RG, Rudler DL, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Interorganelle phospholipid communication, a house not so divided. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00168-1. [PMID: 38972781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The presence of membrane-bound organelles with specific functions is one of the main hallmarks of eukaryotic cells. Organelle membranes are composed of specific lipids that govern their function and interorganelle communication. Discoveries in cell biology using imaging and omic technologies have revealed the mechanisms that drive membrane remodeling, organelle contact sites, and metabolite exchange. The interplay between multiple organelles and their interdependence is emerging as the next frontier for discovery using 3D reconstruction of volume electron microscopy (vEM) datasets. We discuss recent findings on the links between organelles that underlie common functions and cellular pathways. Specifically, we focus on the metabolism of ether glycerophospholipids that mediate organelle dynamics and their communication with each other, and the new imaging techniques that are powering these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Lee
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEIIMC), Nedlands, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Danielle L Rudler
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEIIMC), Nedlands, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEIIMC), Nedlands, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEIIMC), Nedlands, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; The University of Western Australia Centre for Child Health Research, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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5
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Kim S, Heo H, Kwon SH, Park JH, Lee G, Jeon SH. Loss of function of phosphatidylserine synthase causes muscle atrophy in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2024; 511:1-11. [PMID: 38548146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of appropriate muscle mass is crucial for physical activity and metabolism. Aging and various pathological conditions can cause sarcopenia, a condition characterized by muscle mass decline. Although sarcopenia has been actively studied, the mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy are not well understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of Phosphatidylserine synthase (Pss) in muscle development and homeostasis in Drosophila. The results showed that muscle-specific Pss knockdown decreased exercise capacity and produced sarcopenic phenotypes. In addition, it increased the apoptosis rate because of the elevated reactive oxygen species production resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the autophagy rate increased due to increased FoxO activity caused by reduced Akt activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that enhanced apoptosis and autophagy rates resulting from muscle-specific Pss knockdown jointly contribute to sarcopenia development, highlighting the key role of the PSS pathway in muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangseob Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Heo
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae H Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gyunghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sang-Hak Jeon
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Koenig AB, Tan A, Abdelaal H, Monge F, Younossi ZM, Goodman ZD. Review article: Hepatic steatosis and its associations with acute and chronic liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60:167-200. [PMID: 38845486 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a common finding in liver histopathology and the hallmark of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is rising. AIMS To review the histopathology of hepatic steatosis and its mechanisms of development and to identify common and rare disease associations. METHODS We reviewed literature on the basic science of lipid droplet (LD) biology and clinical research on acute and chronic liver diseases associated with hepatic steatosis using the PubMed database. RESULTS A variety of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of chronic hepatic steatosis or steatotic liver disease, which typically appears macrovesicular. Microvesicular steatosis is associated with acute mitochondrial dysfunction and liver failure. Fat metabolic processes in hepatocytes whose dysregulation leads to the development of steatosis include secretion of lipoprotein particles, uptake of remnant lipoprotein particles or free fatty acids from blood, de novo lipogenesis, oxidation of fatty acids, lipolysis and lipophagy. Hepatic insulin resistance is a key feature of MASLD. Seipin is a polyfunctional protein that facilitates LD biogenesis. Assembly of hepatitis C virus takes place on LD surfaces. LDs make important, functional contact with the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles. CONCLUSIONS Diverse liver pathologies are associated with hepatic steatosis, with MASLD being the most important contributor. The biogenesis and dynamics of LDs in hepatocytes are complex and warrant further investigation. Organellar interfaces permit co-regulation of lipid metabolism to match generation of potentially toxic lipid species with their LD depot storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Koenig
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Albert Tan
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Hala Abdelaal
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Fanny Monge
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zachary D Goodman
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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Venegas M, Durán A, Campusano S, Barahona S, Sepúlveda D, Baeza M, Cifuentes V, Alcaíno J. Identification of Potential New Genes Related to the SREBP Pathway in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Biomolecules 2024; 14:778. [PMID: 39062491 PMCID: PMC11274570 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway is an integral cellular mechanism that regulates lipid homeostasis, in which transcriptional activator SREBPs regulate the expression of various genes. In the carotenogenic yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, Sre1 (the yeast SREBP homolog) regulates lipid biosynthesis and carotenogenesis, among other processes. Despite the characterization of several components of the SREBP pathway across various eukaryotes, the specific elements of this pathway in X. dendrorhous remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of the SREBP pathway in X. dendrorhous using the strain CBS.cyp61- as a model, which is known to have Sre1 in its active state under standard culture conditions, resulting in a carotenoid-overproducing phenotype. This strain was subjected to random mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), followed by a screening methodology that focused on identifying mutants with altered Sre1 activation phenotypes. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of 20 selected mutants detected 5439 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), narrowing them down to 1327 SNPs of interest after a series of filters. Classification based on SNP impact identified 116 candidate genes, including 49 genes with high impact and 68 genes with deleterious moderate-impact mutations. BLAST, InterProScan, and gene ontology enrichment analyses highlighted 25 genes as potential participants in regulating Sre1 in X. dendrorhous. The key findings of this study include the identification of genes potentially encoding proteins involved in protein import/export to the nucleus, sterol biosynthesis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, protein regulatory activities such as deacetylases, a subset of kinases and proteases, as well as transcription factors that could be influential in SREBP regulation. These findings are expected to significantly contribute to the current understanding of the intricate regulation of the transcription factor Sre1 in X. dendrorhous, providing valuable groundwork for future research and potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Venegas
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.V.)
| | - Alejandro Durán
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.V.)
| | - Sebastián Campusano
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.V.)
| | - Salvador Barahona
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Dionisia Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.V.)
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.V.)
| | - Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.V.)
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Bays HE. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100108. [PMID: 38706496 PMCID: PMC11066689 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. Results Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. Conclusions Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Corresponding author. Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA.
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Santoshi M, Bansia H, Hussain M, Jha AK, Nagaraja V. Identification of a 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a key enzyme involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:1164-1181. [PMID: 38676355 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis, caused by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), poses a threat to global health through the incubation of undiagnosed infections within the community. Dormant Mtb, which is phenotypically tolerant to antibiotics, accumulates triacylglycerol (TAG) utilizing fatty acids obtained from macrophage lipid droplets. TAG is vital to mycobacteria, serving as a cell envelope component and energy reservoir during latency. TAG synthesis occurs by sequential acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate, wherein the second acylation step is catalyzed by acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), resulting in the production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a precursor for the synthesis of TAG and various phospholipids. Here, we have characterized a putative acyltransferase of Mtb encoded by Rv3816c. We found that Rv3816c has all four characteristic motifs of AGPAT, exists as a membrane-bound enzyme, and functions as 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. The enzyme could transfer the acyl group to acylglycerol-3-phosphate (LPA) from monounsaturated fatty acyl-coenzyme A of chain length 16 or 18 to produce PA. Complementation of Escherichia coli PlsC mutant in vivo by Rv3816c confirmed that it functions as AGPAT. Its active site mutants, H43A and D48A, were incapable of transferring the acyl group to LPA in vitro and were not able to rescue the growth defect of E. coli PlsC mutant in vivo. Identifying Rv3816c as AGPAT and comparing its properties with other AGPAT homologs is not only a step toward understanding the TAG biosynthesis in mycobacteria but has the potential to explore it as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Santoshi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Harsh Bansia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Abodh Kumar Jha
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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Liu C, Fu C, Lu Y, Sun J, Liu T, Wang Y, Wang A, Huang Y, Li Y. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the mechanism of Gerberae piloselloidis herba in alleviating bronchial asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117852. [PMID: 38307356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gerberae Piloselloides Herba (GPH) is derived from Gerbera piloselloides (Linn.) Cass. It is a commonly used traditional medicine in China, featured by its special bioactivities as antitussive, expectorant, anti-asthma, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor. It is often used as an effective treatment for cough and sore throat as well as bronchial asthma (BA) in China. It was demonstrated in our previous studies that GPH exerted significant effects on the treatment of BA, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed at revealing the mechanism through which GPH protects against BA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protective effect of GPH against BA was evaluated in a mouse model of BA induced by ovalbumin. Through integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, the most critical pathways were discovered. The effects of GPH in regulating these pathways was verified through molecular biology experiments and molecular docking. RESULTS GPH have anti-BA effects. In plasma and lung tissue, 5 and 17 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), respectively, showed a reversed tendency in the GPH group compared with the model group; apart from gamma-aminobutyric acid and butyrylcarnitine, these DEMs might aid in BA diagnosis. The DEMs were involved primarily in the regulation of lipid metabolism, followed by glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that GPH modulated 268 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Integration analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed that GPH might regulate the PPAR signaling pathway, thus affecting the expression of key gene targets such as Cyp4a12a, Cyp4a12b, Adh7, Acaa1b and Gpat2; controlling fatty acid degradation, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and other lipid metabolic pathways; and ameliorating BA. This possibility was confirmed through reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence and molecular docking. CONCLUSION GPH was found to activate the PPAR signaling pathway, decrease the levels of Cyp4a12a and Cyp4a12b, and increase the levels of Adh7, Acaa1b and Gpat2, thereby regulating lipid metabolism disorder, decreasing the generation of inflammatory mediators and limiting lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Changli Fu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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Bays HE, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC, Toth PP, Morgan RT, Tondt J, Christensen SM, Dixon DL, Jacobson TA. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e320-e350. [PMID: 38664184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. RESULTS Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville KY 40213 (Dr Bays).
| | - Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID (Dr Kirkpatrick).
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN (Dr Maki).
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Clinical Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Dr Toth).
| | - Ryan T Morgan
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Principal Investigator at Lynn Health Science Institute, 3555 NW 58th St., STE 910-W, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 (Dr Morgan).
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (Dr Tondt)
| | | | - Dave L Dixon
- Deptartment of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy 410 N 12th Street, Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533 (Dr Dixon).
| | - Terry A Jacobson
- Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Dr Jacobson).
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12
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock KL, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman MF, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman BC, Fernández FM, Goodyear LJ, Hevener AL, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2024; 6:963-979. [PMID: 38693320 PMCID: PMC11132991 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism. These sex-specific -omic signatures are preserved or amplified with ExT. Integration of multi-omic analyses with phenotypic measures identifies molecular hubs predicted to drive sexually distinct responses to training. Overall, this study underscores the powerful impact of sex on adipose tissue biology and provides a rich resource to investigate the scWAT response to ExT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Many
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tyler J Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Zhenxin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David Amar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Xia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Karalis T, Poulogiannis G. The Emerging Role of LPA as an Oncometabolite. Cells 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38607068 PMCID: PMC11011573 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that displays potent signalling activities that are regulated in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. It can be found both extra- and intracellularly, where it interacts with different receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including mitosis, proliferation and migration. LPA metabolism is complex, and its biosynthesis and catabolism are under tight control to ensure proper LPA levels in the body. In cancer patient specimens, LPA levels are frequently higher compared to those of healthy individuals and often correlate with poor responses and more aggressive disease. Accordingly, LPA, through promoting cancer cell migration and invasion, enhances the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the role of LPA in the regulation of critical aspects of tumour biology and further discuss the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LPA metabolism for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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14
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Powell TL, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Madi L, Uhlson C, Zemski-Berry K, Kramer AC, Erickson K, Palmer C, Chassen SS, Castillo-Castrejon M. Synthesis of phospholipids in human placenta. Placenta 2024; 147:12-20. [PMID: 38278000 PMCID: PMC10923060 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental phospholipid synthesis is critical for the expansion of the placental exchange surface area and for production of signaling molecules. Despite their importance, it is not yet established which enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis and remodeling of placental phospholipids are expressed and active in the human placenta. METHODS We identified phospholipid synthesis enzymes by immunoblotting in placental homogenates and immunofluorescence in placenta tissue sections. Primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells from term healthy placentas (n = 10) were cultured and exposed to 13C labeled fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 n-6, 22:6 n-3) for 2 and 24 h. Three phospholipid classes; phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylcholine containing 13C fatty acids were quantified by Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). RESULTS Acyl transferase and phospholipase enzymes were detected in human placenta homogenate and primarily expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast. Three representative 13C fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 n-6) were incorporated rapidly into phosphatidic acid in trophoblasts, but 13C labeled docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) incorporation was not detected. 13C DHA was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylcholine containing all four 13C labeled fatty acids were found in high abundance. CONCLUSIONS Phospholipid synthesis and remodeling enzymes are present in the syncytiotrophoblast. 13C labeled fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into cellular phospholipids. 13C DHA was incorporated into phospholipids through the remodeling pathway rather than by de novo synthesis. These understudied pathways are highly active and critical for structure and function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Powell
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Veronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- University of Nantes-INRAE UMR 1280 PhAN, CHU Nantes, CRNH Ouest CHU Hotel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 1er etage aile nord HNB, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Lana Madi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Karin Zemski-Berry
- Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Claire Palmer
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Stephanie S Chassen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th St., Stanton L Young Biomedical Research Center Room 458, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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15
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Li Z, Yu Z, Yin D. Influence of dietary status on the obesogenic effects of erythromycin antibiotic on Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108458. [PMID: 38368716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants, antibiotics were widely detected in water bodies and dietary sources. Recently, their obesogenic effects raised serious concerns. So far, it remained unclear whether their obesogenic effects would be influenced by water- and diet-borne exposure routes. In present study, Caenorhabditis elegans, nematodes free-living in air-water interface and feeding on bacteria, were exposed to water- and diet-borne erythromycin antibiotic (ERY). The statuses of the bacterial food, inactivated or alive, were also considered to explore their influences on the effects. Results showed that both water- and diet-borne ERY significantly stimulated body width and triglyceride contents. Moreover, diet-borne ERY's stimulation on the triglyceride levels was greater with alive bacteria than with inactivated bacteria. Biochemical analysis showed that water-borne ERY inhibited the activities of enzymes like adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in fatty acid β-oxidation. Meanwhile, diet-borne ERY inhibited the activities of acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) in lipolysis, while it stimulated the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in lipogenesis. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that water-borne ERY with alive bacteria significantly upregulated the expressions of daf-2, daf-16 and nhr-49, without significant influences in other settings. Further investigation demonstrated that ERY interfered with bacterial colonization in the intestine and the permeability of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, ERY decreased total long-chained fatty acids (LCFAs) in bacteria and nematodes, while it decreased total short-chained fatty acids (SCFAs) in bacteria but increased them in nematodes. Collectively, the present study demonstrated the differences between water- and diet-borne ERY's obesogenic effects, and highlighted the involvement of insulin and nhr-49 signaling pathways, SCFAs metabolism and also the interaction between intestinal bacteria and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China. %
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16
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Hernandez-Corbacho M, Canals D. Drug Targeting of Acyltransferases in the Triacylglyceride and 1-O-AcylCeramide Biosynthetic Pathways. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:166-178. [PMID: 38164582 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acyltransferase enzymes (EC 2.3.) are a large group of enzymes that transfer acyl groups to a variety of substrates. This review focuses on fatty acyltransferases involved in the biosynthetic pathways of glycerolipids and sphingolipids and how these enzymes have been pharmacologically targeted in their biologic context. Glycerolipids and sphingolipids, commonly treated independently in their regulation and biologic functions, are put together to emphasize the parallelism in their metabolism and bioactive roles. Furthermore, a newly considered signaling molecule, 1-O-acylceramide, resulting from the acylation of ceramide by DGAT2 enzyme, is discussed. Finally, the implications of DGAT2 as a putative ceramide acyltransferase (CAT) enzyme, with a putative dual role in TAG and 1-O-acylceramide generation, are explored. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This manuscript reviews the current status of drug development in lipid acyltransferases. These are current targets in metabolic syndrome and other diseases, including cancer. A novel function for a member in this group of lipids has been recently reported in cancer cells. The responsible enzyme and biological implications of this added member are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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17
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Li S, Zhi Y, Mu W, Li M, Lv G. Exploring the effects of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid metabolism in the rat steatotic liver during normothermic machine perfusion: Insights from lipidomics and RNA sequencing. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176300. [PMID: 38141939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is the leading cause of discarded liver grafts. Defatting steatotic liver grafts using drug combinations during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been reported. However, the effectiveness of NMP in reducing fat content using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a single defatting agent and its effect on lipid metabolism are poorly investigated. METHODS In this study, an NMP system was set up to perfuse a steatotic liver from a rat model with 10 mM EGCG. Livers without EGCG served as NMP controls, whereas static cold-preserved livers in the University of Wisconsin medium were used as static cold storage controls. Liver enzyme, reactive oxygen species (ROS), histology, and lipid content assessments were conducted post-perfusion, complemented by lipidomics, RNA sequencing, and western blotting to determine the lipid metabolism changes. RESULTS EGCG during NMP reduced hepatocellular injury markers and defatted steatotic liver grafts. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in triglyceride (TG) content in the perfusate post-NMP in the NMP + EGCG group, suggesting TG output from the liver. Furthermore, lipidomics analysis revealed that EGCG primarily affected metabolites involved in glycerophospholipid (GP) and glycerolipid (GL) metabolism. Further, the RNA sequencing indicated the modulation of these metabolic pathways via ECGC, which was associated with the downregulated Lpin1 and Gpat3 expression. CONCLUSIONS EGCG defats steatotic livers as a single defatting agent during NMP by promoting GL and GP metabolism via decreasing Lpin1 and Agpat9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery I, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery I, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wentao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery I, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery I, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery I, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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18
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Silva E, Ferchaud‐Roucher V, Kramer A, Madi L, Pantham P, Chassen S, Jansson T, Powell TL. Oleic acid stimulation of amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast cells is mediated by phosphatidic acid and mTOR signaling. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:1-11. [PMID: 38223199 PMCID: PMC10782470 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal fetal development is critically dependent on optimal nutrient supply by the placenta, and placental amino acid transport has been demonstrated to be positively associated with fetal growth. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a positive regulator of placental amino acid transporters, such as System A. Oleic acid (OA) has been previously shown to have a stimulatory role on placental mTOR signaling and System A amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. We investigated the mechanistic link between OA and System A activity in PHT. We found that inhibition of mTOR complex 1 or 2, using small interfering RNA to knock down raptor or rictor, prevented OA-stimulated System A amino acid transport indicating the interaction of OA with mTOR. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a key intermediary for phospholipid biosynthesis and a known regulator of the mTOR pathway; however, phospholipid biosynthetic pathways have not been extensively studied in placenta. We identified placental isoforms of acyl transferase enzymes involved in de novo phospholipid synthesis. Silencing of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase-4, an enzyme in this pathway, prevented OA mediated stimulation of mTOR and System A amino acid transport. These data indicate that OA stimulates mTOR and amino acid transport in PHT cells mediated through de novo synthesis of PA. We speculate that fatty acids in the maternal circulation, such as OA, regulate placental functions critical for fetal growth by interaction with mTOR and that late pregnancy hyperlipidemia may be critical for increasing nutrient transfer to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silva
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | - Anita Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Lana Madi
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Priyadarshini Pantham
- Ob/Gyn & Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Chassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of NeonatologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of NeonatologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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19
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Kojima M, Degawa M. Causes of Sex Differences in Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Meishan Pigs. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:606-610. [PMID: 38462492 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the causes of sex differences (male < female) in the serum total cholesterol (TCHO) and triglyceride (TG) levels in Meishan pigs, we examined the sex differences in mRNA levels of key hepatic enzymes involved in the biosynthesis/metabolism of cholesterol and TG using real-time RT-PCR. There were no sex differences in mRNA levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and CYP51A1 for cholesterol biosynthesis, or of the rate-limiting enzyme CYP7A1 for bile acid synthesis from cholesterol. By contrast, sex differences (male < female) were observed in mRNA levels of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1), a rate-limiting enzyme for TG biosynthesis. However, the sex differences in mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), key enzymes for the oxidation of the fatty acids that are structural components of TG, were the opposite (male > female). Castration of male pigs led to an increase in the mRNA level of GPAT1 and decreases in those of CPT1A and ACADL. Furthermore, testosterone propionate (TP)-treatment of castrated males and intact females restored and changed, respectively, these mRNA levels to those of intact males. Notably, castration and TP-treatment increased and decreased, respectively, serum and hepatic TG levels. These findings suggest that sex differences in the serum and hepatic TG levels in Meishan pigs are closely correlated with differences in testosterone-associated mRNA expression levels of the key enzymes (GPAT1, CPT1A, and ACADL) involved in the TG biosynthesis process, although no causes of sex differences in serum and hepatic TCHO levels could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kojima
- Meat Animal Biosystem Group, Division of Meat Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Masakuni Degawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Pan K, Zhu B, Wang L, Guo Q, Shu-Chien AC, Wu X. Expression pattern of AGPATs isoforms indicate different functions during the triacylglyceride synthesis in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 287:111535. [PMID: 37852318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) acts as a crucial enzyme in the process of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, enabling the acylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid (PA). In order to decode the distinctive roles of AGPAT isoforms in the TAG production pathway, three AGPAT isoforms were detected for the first time in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Es-agpat2, Es-agpat3, and Es-agpat4). The mRNA levels of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 demonstrated a conspicuous presence in the hepatopancreas, with subsequent high levels in the heart, muscle, and thoracic ganglion. On the other hand, the thoracic ganglion exhibited abundant levels of Es-agpat3, while other tissues recorded relatively low expression levels. Observing the molting cycle of E. sinensis, the hepatopancreas showed minimum expression levels of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 at stage A/B. A peak at stage C was noted, which was then followed by a gradual drop until stage E. For the ovarian development cycle, stage II witnessed the maximum expression level of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4, succeeded by a sharp fall in stage III. After this, there was an increasing trend from stage III up to stage V. Expression of Es-agpat3 in the hepatopancreas was consistently lower than Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 during either the molting or ovarian development. However, in terms of ovarian expression, Es-agpat3 outperformed Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4. It exhibited a steep increase in expression, peaking at stage II and subsequently diminishing. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that in stages II and IV hepatopancreas, Es-agpat4-mRNA was primarily located in fibrillar cells (F cell) and resorptive cells (R cell), with no signal from Es-agpat3. During stage II of ovarian development, both Es-agpat3-mRNA and Es-agpat4-mRNA were located in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocyte (PRO) and endogenous vitellogenic oocyte (EN), with no expression at stage IV. Additionally, the silencing of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 caused a downward trend in the expression levels of all subsequent genes in the E. sinensis TAG synthesis pathway. To sum up, these findings suggest that the three Es-agpats may have unique functions in TAG synthesis during either the molting process or ovarian maturation of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewu Pan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Boxiang Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Center for Chemical Biology, University Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xugan Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Simsek T, Bal Albayrak MG, Akpinar G, Canturk NZ, Kasap M. Downregulated GPD1 and MAGL protein levels as potential biomarkers for the metastasis of triple‑negative breast tumors to axillary lymph nodes. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:34. [PMID: 38108074 PMCID: PMC10722549 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) levels are known to be significantly downregulated in both the tissue and serum samples of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), compared with other BC subtypes and healthy controls. As such, the association between GPD1 and MAGL levels and lymph node metastasis was evaluated in the present study. Utilizing western blotting, lymph node protein extracts from metastasized BC subtypes were analyzed and a significant downregulation of GPD1 and MAGL protein expression levels in the lymph node metastases was demonstrated in the TNBC subtype, compared with healthy controls. This finding further highlighted the potential use of these two proteins in early BC onset and metastasis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Simsek
- Department of General Surgery, Kocaeli University Medical School, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli University Medical School, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuh Zafer Canturk
- Department of General Surgery, Kocaeli University Medical School, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli University Medical School, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey
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22
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Yang C, Li Q, Lin Y, Wang Y, Shi H, Xiang H, Zhu J. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 promotes the adipogenesis of intramuscular preadipocytes in goat. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2376-2383. [PMID: 35749715 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the last step of triglyceride synthesis. However, its role in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in goat remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of DGAT2 in regulating goat IMF deposition. In the present study, the expression of DGAT2 was highest in goat triceps brachii, and highest on the first day after oleic acid induction in goat intramuscular preadipocytes. The overexpression of DGAT2 promoted the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglyceride synthesis, accompanied by the expression upregulation of DGAT1, TIP47, ACC and ACOX1 significantly, and expression downregulation of AGPAT6, LPIN1, LPL, HSL, ATGL and ADRP significantly. In contrast, the silencing of DGAT2 decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets, inhibited the expression of DGAT1, GPAM, ADRP, AGPAT6, LPL, HSL, ATGL, ACC, FASN, ACOX1 significantly, and enhanced that of TIP47 significantly. Overall, these data underscore DGAT2 may play a potentially important role in lipid droplets formation and triglyceride accumulation, so as to maintain intramuscular fat deposition, beyond triglyceride synthesis in goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changheng Yang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu Q, Li S, Song Y. Lipid Accumulation by Snf-β Engineered Mucor circinelloides Strains on Glucose and Xylose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7697-7707. [PMID: 37086376 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1) protein kinase plays the regulatory roles in the utilization of selective carbon sources and lipid metabolism. Previously, the role of β subunit of SNF1 in lipid accumulation was evaluated by overexpression and knockout of Snf-β in oleaginous fungus M. circinelloides. In the present study, the growth and lipid accumulation of Snf-β overexpression and knockout strains were further analyzed and compared with glucose or xylose as a single or mixed carbon sources. The results showed that the lipid contents in Snf-β knockout strain improved by 23.2% (for glucose), 28.4% (for xylose), and 30.5% (for mixed glucose and xylose) compared with that of the control strain, respectively. The deletion of Snf-β subunit also altered the transcriptional level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The highest transcriptional levels of ACC1 in Snf-β knockout strain at 24 h were increased by 2.4-fold (for glucose), 2.8-fold (for xylose), and 3.1-fold (for mixed glucose and xylose) compared with that of the control strain, respectively. Our results indicated that Snf-β subunit enhanced lipid accumulation through the regulation of ACC1 in response to xylose or mixed sugars of glucose and xylose more significantly than that of response to glucose. This is the first study to explore the effect of Snf-β subunit of M. circinelloides in regulating lipid accumulation responding to different carbon nutrient signals of glucose and xylose. This study provides a foundation for the future application of the Snf-β engineered strains in lipid production from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Food Bioengineering and Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Culture and Tourism, University of Jinan, 13 Shungeng Road, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueping Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
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24
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Sztolsztener K, Bzdęga W, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Chabowski A, Harasim-Symbor E. Therapeutic effect of cannabidiol on myocardial arachidonic acid content in various lipid fractions in a rat model of obesity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106767. [PMID: 37541613 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the potential protective influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on myocardial inflammation state, with a special focus on arachidonic acid (AA), and oxidative balance in lipid overload conditions. The 7-week experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats receiving standard or high-fat diet (HFD) with intraperitoneal CBD injections for the last 14 days. The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) activities and AA concentration in selected fractions were evaluated by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The expression of proteins was determined by Western blot and the concentration of different parameters by ELISA, colorimetric, or multiplex assay kits. Our results revealed that CBD increased n-3 PUFAs activity in phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions, and decreased AA content in the HFD group, especially in the phospholipid pool. Simultaneously, CBD decreased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-1, and - 2, resulting in the reduction of prostaglandin E2 and the increment of prostaglandin I2. CBD appears to be relatively safe for the treatment of obesity-induced heart disease, as it has anti-inflammatory and partially antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktor Bzdęga
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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25
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Bordag N, Nagy BM, Zügner E, Ludwig H, Foris V, Nagaraj C, Biasin V, Bodenhofer U, Magnes C, Maron BA, Ulrich S, Lange TJ, Hötzenecker K, Pieber T, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. Lipidomics for diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.17.23289772. [PMID: 37292870 PMCID: PMC10246148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.23289772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) poses a significant health threat with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for enhanced management. Current biomarkers for PH lack functionality and comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop biomarkers that address these gaps in PH diagnostics and prognosis. Methods To address this need, we employed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis in 233 blood based samples coupled with machine learning analysis. For functional insights, human pulmonary arteries (PA) of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) lungs were investigated and the effect of extrinsic FFAs on human PA endothelial and smooth muscle cells was tested in vitro. Results PA of idiopathic PAH lungs showed lipid accumulation and altered expression of lipid homeostasis-related genes. In PA smooth muscle cells, extrinsic FFAs caused excessive proliferation and endothelial barrier dysfunction in PA endothelial cells, both hallmarks of PAH.In the training cohort of 74 PH patients, 30 disease controls without PH, and 65 healthy controls, diagnostic and prognostic markers were identified and subsequently validated in an independent cohort. Exploratory analysis showed a highly impacted metabolome in PH patients and machine learning confirmed a high diagnostic potential. Fully explainable specific free fatty acid (FFA)/lipid-ratios were derived, providing exceptional diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 in the training and 0.90 in the validation cohort, outperforming machine learning results. These ratios were also prognostic and complemented established clinical prognostic PAH scores (FPHR4p and COMPERA2.0), significantly increasing their hazard ratios (HR) from 2.5 and 3.4 to 4.2 and 6.1, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, our research confirms the significance of lipidomic alterations in PH, introducing innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These findings may have the potential to reshape PH management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bordag
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Bence Miklos Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Elmar Zügner
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Ludwig
- School of Informatics, Communications, and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Bodenhofer
- School of Informatics, Communications, and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
| | - Bradley A. Maron
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD and The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Clinic of Pulmonology, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J. Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Pulmonology and Critical Care, Kreisklinik Bad Reichenhall, Bad Reichenhall, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Hötzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
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26
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Li Z, Li R, Ren H, Qin C, Su J, Song X, Wang S, Liu Q, Liu Y, Cui K. Role of Different Members of the AGPAT Gene Family in Milk Fat Synthesis in Bubalus bubalis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2072. [PMID: 38003015 PMCID: PMC10671497 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During triacylglycerol synthesis, the acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) family catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid and the acylation of sn-2 fatty acids. However, the catalytic activity of different AGPAT members is different. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism through which different AGPATs affect the efficiency of TAG synthesis and fatty acid composition. The conservation of amino acid sequences and protein domains of the AGPAT family was analyzed, and the functions of AGPAT1, AGPAT3, and AGPAT4 genes in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were studied using RNA interference and gene overexpression. Prediction of the protein tertiary structure of the AGPAT family demonstrated that four conservative motifs (motif1, motif2, motif3, and motif6) formed a hydrophobic pocket in AGPAT proteins, except AGPAT6. According to cytological studies, AGPAT1, AGPAT3, and AGPAT4 were found to promote the synthesis and fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerol, especially UFA compositions of triacylglycerol, by regulating ACSL1, FASN, GPAM, DGAT2, and PPARG gene expression. This study provides new insights into the role of different AGPAT gene family members involved in TAG synthesis, and a reference for improving the fatty acid composition of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Ruijia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Honghe Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Chaobin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Jie Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Xinhui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuwan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Q.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Analysis and Test Research, Nanning 530022, China;
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Q.L.); (K.C.)
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Mallick R, Bhowmik P, Duttaroy AK. Targeting fatty acid uptake and metabolism in cancer cells: A promising strategy for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115591. [PMID: 37774669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific development, cancer is still a fatal disease. The development of cancer is thought to be significantly influenced by fatty acids. Several mechanisms that control fatty acid absorption and metabolism are reported to be altered in cancer cells to support their survival. Cancer cells can use de novo synthesis or uptake of extracellular fatty acid if one method is restricted. This factor makes it more difficult to target one pathway while failing to treat the disease properly. Side effects may also arise if several inhibitors simultaneously target many targets. If a viable inhibitor could work on several routes, the number of negative effects might be reduced. Comparative investigations against cell viability have found several potent natural and manmade substances. In this review, we discuss the complex roles that fatty acids play in the development of tumors and the progression of cancer, newly discovered and potentially effective natural and synthetic compounds that block the uptake and metabolism of fatty acids, the adverse side effects that can occur when multiple inhibitors are used to treat cancer, and emerging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Prasenjit Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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28
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Zhang K, Chan V, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. A tail of their own: regulation of cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol fatty acyl profile by the acyltransferase LCLAT1. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1765-1776. [PMID: 37737061 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol along with the latter's phosphorylated derivative phosphoinositides, control a wide range of cellular functions from signal transduction, membrane traffic, mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell metabolism. An emerging dimension to these lipids is the specificity of their fatty acyl chains that is remarkably distinct from that of other glycerophospholipids. Cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol undergo acyl remodeling involving the sequential actions of phospholipase A to hydrolyze acyl chains and key acyltransferases that re-acylate with specific acyl groups. LCLAT1 (also known as LYCAT, AGPAT8, LPLAT6, or ALCAT1) is an acyltransferase that contributes to specific acyl profiles for phosphatidylinositol, phosphoinositides, and cardiolipin. As such, perturbations of LCLAT1 lead to alterations in cardiolipin-dependent phenomena such as mitochondrial respiration and dynamics and phosphoinositide-dependent processes such as endocytic membrane traffic and receptor signaling. Here we examine the biochemical and cellular actions of LCLAT1, as well as the contribution of this acyltransferase to the development and specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Victoria Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
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29
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Zhai B, Zhao Y, Li H, Li S, Gu J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li H, Tian Y, Li G, Wang Y. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified hub genes critical to fatty acid composition in Gushi chicken breast muscle. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:594. [PMID: 37805512 PMCID: PMC10559426 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition and content of fatty acids in the breast muscle are important factors influencing meat quality. In this study, we investigated the fatty acid composition and content in the breast muscle of Gushi chickens at different developmental stages (14 weeks, 22 weeks, and 30 weeks). Additionally, we utilized transcriptomic data from the same tissue and employed WGCNA and module identification methods to identify key genes associated with the fatty acid composition in Gushi chicken breast muscle and elucidate their regulatory networks. RESULTS Among them, six modules (blue, brown, green, light yellow, purple, and red modules) showed significant correlations with fatty acid content and metabolic characteristics. Enrichment analysis revealed that these modules were involved in multiple signaling pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Through analysis of key genes, we identified 136 genes significantly associated with fatty acid phenotypic traits. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that nine of these genes were closely related to fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, through correlation analysis of transcriptome data, we identified 51 key ceRNA regulatory networks, including six central genes, 7 miRNAs, and 28 lncRNAs. CONCLUSION This study successfully identified key genes closely associated with the fatty acid composition in Gushi chicken breast muscle, as well as their post-transcriptional regulatory networks. These findings provide new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the flavor characteristics of chicken meat and the composition of fatty acids in the breast muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yinli Zhao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuaihao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinxing Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yongcai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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30
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Elliott K, Caicedo PA, Haunerland NH, Lowenberger C. Profiling lipidomic changes in dengue-resistant and dengue-susceptible strains of Colombian Aedes aegypti after dengue virus challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011676. [PMID: 37847671 PMCID: PMC10581493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for all four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV1-4), which infect millions across the globe each year. Traditional insecticide programs have been transiently effective at minimizing cases; however, insecticide resistance and habitat expansion have caused cases of DENV to surge over the last decade. There is an urgent need to develop novel vector control measures, but these are contingent on a detailed understanding of host-parasite interactions. Here, we have utilized lipidomics to survey the profiles of naturally DENV-resistant (Cali-MIB) or susceptible (Cali-S) populations of Ae. aegypti, isolated from Cali, Colombia, when fed on blood meals containing DENV. Control insects were fed on a DENV-free blood meal. Midguts were dissected from Cali-MIB and Cali-S females at three time points post-infectious blood meal, 18, 24 and 36h, to identify changes in the lipidome at key times associated with the entry, replication and exit of DENV from midgut cells. We used principal component analysis to visualize broad patterns in lipidomic profiles between the treatment groups, and significance analysis of microarray to determine lipids that were altered in response to viral challenge. These data can be used to identify molecules or metabolic pathways particular to the susceptible or refractory phenotypes, and possibly lead to the generation of stable, DENV-resistant strains of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, C2D2 Research Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paola A. Caicedo
- Universidad Icesi, Natural Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cali, Colombia
| | - Norbert H. Haunerland
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, C2D2 Research Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, C2D2 Research Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Moon DO. A comprehensive review of the effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism: unveiling the molecular pathways and therapeutic potential in diabetes management. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8743-8755. [PMID: 37642760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound predominantly found in red wine and grapes, has garnered attention for its potential role in regulating carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, and metabolism. This review aims to deliver a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of resveratrol in influencing vital processes in glucose homeostasis. These processes include carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, glycogen storage, insulin secretion, glucose metabolism in muscle cells, and triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes.The goal of this review is to offer an in-depth understanding of the multifaceted effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism. By doing so, it presents valuable insights into its potential applications for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. This comprehensive examination of resveratrol's impact on glucose management will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this promising natural compound, which may benefit researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in metabolic disorder prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Singh A, Malla WA, Kumar A, Jain A, Thakur MS, Khare V, Tiwari SP. Review: genetic background of milk fatty acid synthesis in bovines. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:328. [PMID: 37749432 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat composition is an important trait for the dairy industry as it directly influences the nutritional and technological properties of milk and other dairy products. The synthesis of milk fat is a complex process regulated by a network of genes. Thus, understanding the genetic variation and molecular mechanisms regulating milk fat synthesis will help to improve the nutritional quality of dairy products. In this review, we provide an overview of milk fat synthesis in bovines along with the candidate genes involved in the pathway. We also discuss de novo synthesis of fatty acids (ACSS, ACACA, FASN), uptake of FAs (FATP, FAT, LPL), intracellular activation and channelling of FAs (ACSL, FABP), elongation (EVOLV6), desaturation (SCD, FADS), formation of triglycerides (GPAM, AGPAT, LIPIN, DGAT), and milk lipid secretion (BTN1A1, XDH, PLIN2). The genetic variability of individual fatty acids will help to develop selection strategies for obtaining a healthier milk fat profile in bovines. Thus, this review will offer a potential understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate milk fat synthesis in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Singh
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, M.P, 482001, India.
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Asit Jain
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, M.P, 482001, India
| | - Mohan Singh Thakur
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, M.P, 482001, India
| | - Vaishali Khare
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, M.P, 482001, India
| | - Sita Prasad Tiwari
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, M.P, 482001, India
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33
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Vanni E, Lindner K, Gavin AC, Montessuit C. Differential intracellular management of fatty acids impacts on metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14805. [PMID: 37684349 PMCID: PMC10491837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of glucose uptake in response to ischemic metabolic stress is important for cardiomyocyte function and survival. Chronic exposure of cardiomyocytes to fatty acids (FA) impairs the stimulation of glucose uptake, whereas induction of lipid droplets (LD) is associated with preserved glucose uptake. However, the mechanisms by which LD induction prevents glucose uptake impairment remain elusive. We induced LD with either tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). Triacylglycerol biosynthesis enzymes were inhibited in cardiomyocytes exposed to FA ± LD inducers, either upstream (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases; GPAT) or downstream (diacylglycerol acyltransferases; DGAT) of the diacylglycerol step. Although both inhibitions reduced LD formation in cardiomyocytes treated with FA and LD inducers, only DGAT inhibition impaired metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. DGAT inhibition in FA plus TPA-treated cardiomyocytes reduced triacylglycerol but not diacylglycerol content, thus increasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio. In cardiomyocytes exposed to FA alone, GPAT inhibition reduced diacylglycerol but not triacylglycerol, thus decreasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio, prevented PKCδ activation and improved metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Changes in AMP-activated Protein Kinase activity failed to explain variations in metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Thus, LD formation regulates metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in a manner best reflected by the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Vanni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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34
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Xiong Y, Ma C, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhao H, Ren P, Zhang K, Lei X. Melatonin ameliorates simulated-microgravity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid metabolism dysregulation in hepatocytes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23132. [PMID: 37552471 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an essential multifunctional organ, which constantly communicates with nearly all tissues. It has raised the concern that microgravity exposure can lead to liver dysfunction and metabolic syndromes. However, molecular mechanisms and intervention measures of the adverse effects of microgravity on hepatocytes are limited. In this study, we utilized the random positioning machine culture system to investigate the adverse effects on hepatocytes under simulated microgravity (SMG). Our results showed that SMG impaired hepatocyte viability, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Compared to normal gravity, it also triggered lipid accumulation, elevated triglyceride (TG) and ROS levels, and impaired mitochondria function in hepatocytes. Furthermore, RNA sequencing results showed that SMG upregulated genes implicated in lipid metabolisms, including PPARγ, PLIN2, CD36, FABPs, etc. Importantly, all these defects can be suppressed by melatonin, a potent antioxidant secreted by the pineal gland, suggesting its potential use of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiong
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peigen Ren
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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35
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Mukherjee A, Bezwada D, Greco F, Zandbergen M, Shen T, Chiang CY, Tasdemir M, Fahrmann J, Grapov D, La Frano MR, Vu HS, Faubert B, Newman JW, McDonnell LA, Nezi L, Fiehn O, DeBerardinis RJ, Lengyel E. Adipocytes reprogram cancer cell metabolism by diverting glucose towards glycerol-3-phosphate thereby promoting metastasis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1563-1577. [PMID: 37653041 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes function as an alternate fuel source for cancer cells. However, whether adipocytes influence macromolecular biosynthesis in cancer cells is unknown. Here we systematically characterized the bidirectional interaction between primary human adipocytes and ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells using multi-platform metabolomics, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope tracing and gene expression analysis. We report that, in OvCa cells co-cultured with adipocytes and in metastatic tumors, a part of the glucose from glycolysis is utilized for the biosynthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Normoxic HIF1α protein regulates the altered flow of glucose-derived carbons in cancer cells, resulting in increased glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol synthesis. The knockdown of HIF1α or G3P acyltransferase 3 (a regulatory enzyme of glycerophospholipid synthesis) reduced metastasis in xenograft models of OvCa. In summary, we show that, in an adipose-rich tumor microenvironment, cancer cells generate G3P as a precursor for critical membrane and signaling components, thereby promoting metastasis. Targeting biosynthetic processes specific to adipose-rich tumor microenvironments might be an effective strategy against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Greco
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Malu Zandbergen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medine Tasdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dmitry Grapov
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael R La Frano
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hieu S Vu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Department of Medicine/Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John W Newman
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- 9Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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36
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Nguyen YDH, Yoshida H, Tran TM, Kamei K. Lipin knockdown in pan-neuron of Drosophila induces reduction of lifespan, deficient locomotive behavior, and abnormal morphology of motor neuron. Neuroreport 2023; 34:629-637. [PMID: 37470742 PMCID: PMC10344432 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Lipin family is evolutionarily conserved among insects and mammals, and its crucial roles in lipid synthesis and homeostatic control of energy balance have been well documented. This study investigated the function of Lipin in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. The GAL4/UAS system was used to knock down Lipin in the nervous system of Drosophila and investigate its behavioral and cellular phenotypes. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology was detected by immunostaining. Moreover, triacylglycerol and ATP levels were analyzed by using assay Kit. This study found that Lipin is localized almost in the cytoplasm of neurons in the brain lobe and ventral nerve cord, which are part of the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila melanogaster. Lipin knockdown larvae exhibit decreased locomotor activity, aberrant morphology of motor nerve terminals at NMJs, and reduced number and size of lipid droplets in the CNS. Furthermore, neuron-specific knockdown of Lipin leads to locomotor defects and a shortened lifespan, accompanied by a reduction in ATP levels in the adult stage. These results indicate that Lipin plays a crucial role in the CNS of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen D H Nguyen
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thanh Men Tran
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Cantho University, Cantho City, Vietnam
| | - Kaeko Kamei
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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37
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Seramur ME, Sink S, Cox AO, Furdui CM, Key CCC. ABHD4 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro but does not affect adipose tissue lipid metabolism in mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100405. [PMID: 37352974 PMCID: PMC10400869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 4 (ABHD4) catalyzes the deacylation of N-acyl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (NAPE) and lyso-NAPE to produce glycerophospho-N-acyl ethanolamine (GP-NAE). Through a variety of metabolic enzymes, NAPE, lyso-NAPE, and GP-NAE are ultimately converted into NAE, a group of bioactive lipids that control many physiological processes including inflammation, cognition, food intake, and lipolysis (i.e., oleoylethanolamide or OEA). In a diet-induced obese mouse model, adipose tissue Abhd4 gene expression positively correlated with adiposity. However, it is unknown whether Abhd4 is a causal or a reactive gene to obesity. To fill this knowledge gap, we generated an Abhd4 knockout (KO) 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. During adipogenic stimulation, Abhd4 KO pre-adipocytes had increased adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, suggesting Abhd4 is responding to (a reactive gene), not contributing to (not a causal gene), adiposity, and may serve as a mechanism for protecting against obesity. However, we did not observe any differences in adiposity and metabolic outcomes between whole-body Abhd4 KO or adipocyte-specific Abhd4 KO mice and their littermate control mice (both male and female) on chow or a high-fat diet. This might be because we found that deletion of Abhd4 did not affect NAE such as OEA production, even though Abhd4 was highly expressed in adipose tissue and correlated with fasting adipose OEA levels and lipolysis. These data suggest that ABHD4 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro but does not affect adipose tissue lipid metabolism in mice despite nutrient overload, possibly due to compensation from other NAPE and NAE metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Seramur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sandy Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anderson O Cox
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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38
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Swinkels D, Baes M. The essential role of docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives for retinal integrity. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108440. [PMID: 37201739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phospholipids diverges from other membranes, being highly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), an omega-3 PUFA that amounts to over 50% of the POS phospholipid fatty acid side chains. Interestingly, DHA is the precursor of other bioactive lipids such as elongated PUFAs and oxygenated derivatives. In this review, we present the current view on metabolism, trafficking and function of DHA and very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in the retina. New insights on pathological features generated from PUFA deficient mouse models with enzyme or transporter defects and corresponding patients are discussed. Not only the neural retina, but also abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium are considered. Furthermore, the potential involvement of PUFAs in more common retinal degeneration diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are evaluated. Supplementation treatment strategies and their outcome are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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39
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Wang X, Hu W, Chu X, Qian M, Wang R, Yu S, Wu Q, Tang J, Zhao X. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastic gestational exposure on mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138255. [PMID: 36854359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Airborne plastic particles have received increasing attention due to their ubiquity in the atmosphere and potential human health risks. Previous studies have demonstrated that early-life exposure to environmental toxicants is associated with abnormal metabolic function. However, the impact of exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) through inhalation on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mothers and offspring remains unknown. In the present study, mice were gestationally exposed to PSNPs at different doses (0, 1, 5, and 25 μg μl-1) through inhalation to investigate health hazards to the dam at weaning and to adult offspring. Gestational exposure to PSNPs at high doses significantly induced hepatic steatosis in the dam and upregulated genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, fatty acids (FAs) uptake, and triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis in the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathway. Gestational exposure to high doses of PSNPs led to hepatic steatosis in adult female offspring but not male offspring, and expression levels of genes related to FAs uptake and TG synthesis in the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway were significantly elevated. Collectively, our data demonstrate that gestational exposure to airborne PSNPs induced different development processes of NAFLD in the dam and offspring, providing vital data about plastic particulate toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Department of Nutrition, First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Hu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Xiuyu Chu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Muzhou Qian
- Department of Hemodialysis, Fourth People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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40
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García-Beltrán A, Martínez R, Porres JM, Arrebola F, Artero IR, Galisteo M, Aranda P, Kapravelou G, López-Jurado M. Novel insights and mechanisms of diet-induced obesity: Mid-term versus long-term effects on hepatic transcriptome and antioxidant capacity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Life Sci 2023; 324:121746. [PMID: 37121540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study of molecular mechanisms related to obesity and associated pathologies like type 2-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease requires animal experimental models in which the type of obesogenic diet and length of the experimental period to induce obesity deeply affect the metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to test the influence of aging along a rat model of diet-induced obesity in gene expression of the hepatic transcriptome. MAIN METHODS A high-fat/high-fructose diet to induce obesity was used. Mid- (13 weeks) and long-term (21 weeks) periods were established. Caloric intake, bodyweight, hepatic fat, fatty acid profile, histological changes, antioxidant activity, and complete transcriptome were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS Excess bodyweight, hepatic steatosis and altered lipid histology, modifications in liver antioxidant activity, and dysregulated expression of transcripts related to cell structure, glucose & lipid metabolism, antioxidant & detoxifying capacity were found. Modifications in obese and control rats were accounted for by the different lengths of the experimental period studied. SIGNIFICANCE Main mechanisms of hepatic fat accumulation were de novo lipogenesis or altered fatty acid catabolism for mid- or long-term study, respectively. Therefore, the choice of obesity-induction length is a key factor in the model of obesity used as a control for each specific experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Beltrán
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus M Porres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Arrebola
- Department of Histology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ruiz Artero
- Department of Histology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Milagros Galisteo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Yang X, Sun L, Feng D, Deng Y, Liao W. A Lipidomic Study: Nobiletin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through regulation of lipid alternation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 118:109353. [PMID: 37116815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidome has been given emphasis for years since hepatic steatosis is the most remarkable character of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, an increasingly serious health issue worldwide. Nobiletin (NOB), one of the citrus flavonoids, exerted outstanding effect on lipid metabolism disorder. However, the underlying mechanism of NOB exerting effect on hepatic lipid alternation remains unclear. In this study, the animal model was built by feeding APOE-/- mice with high fat diet (HFD). The results of Oil Red O-stained liver section and the biochemical assay of lipid parameters confirmed the protective effect of NOB on hepatic steatosis and global lipid metabolism disorder in APOE-/- mice. The hepatic lipidomic study revealed a total of 958 lipids significantly altered by HFD and a total of 86, 116, 212 lipid metabolites changed by L-NOB (50 mg/kg/d NOB), M-NOB (100 mg/kg/d NOB) and H-NOB (200 mg/kg/d NOB) respectively. In the further screening analysis, an amount of 60 lipids were identified as the potential lipid markers of NOB treatment, most of which belonged to glycerophospholipids lipid categories and exhibited obvious correlation with each other and the lipid parameters related to hepatic steatosis. Taken together, our data demonstrated that glycerophospholipids metabolism played an indispensable role in the progression of hepatic steatosis and the protective effect of NOB. Besides, the modulation towards genes involved in lipid synthesis were observed after NOB administration in this study. These finding illustrated the anti-hepatic steatosis effect of NOB based on altering hepatic lipidome, particularly the glycerophospholipids metabolism, and provided a new insight in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Linye Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dongliang Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yudi Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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42
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Law SH, Chan HC, Ke GM, Kamatam S, Marathe GK, Ponnusamy VK, Ke LY. Untargeted Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Lysophosphatidylcholine and Ceramide as Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086956. [PMID: 37108120 PMCID: PMC10138920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability and use of numerous cholesterol-lowering drugs, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally. Many researchers have focused their effort on identifying modified lipoproteins. However, lipid moieties such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and ceramide (CER) contribute to atherogenic events. LPC and CER both cause endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to fatty acid and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. In addition, they cause immune cells to differentiate into proinflammatory phenotypes. To uncover alternative therapeutic approaches other than cholesterol- and TG-lowering medications, we conducted untargeted lipidomic investigations to assess the alteration of lipid profiles in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mouse model, with or without feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). Results indicated that, in addition to hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, LPC levels were two to four times higher in apoE-/- mice compared to wild-type mice in C57BL/6 background, regardless of whether they were 8 or 16 weeks old. Sphingomyelin (SM) and CER were elevated three- to five-fold in apoE-/- mice both at the basal level and after 16 weeks when compared to wild-type mice. After HFD treatment, the difference in CER levels elevated more than ten-fold. Considering the atherogenic properties of LPC and CER, they may also contribute to the early onset of atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice. In summary, the HFD-fed apoE-/- mouse shows elevated LPC and CER contents and is a suitable model for developing LPC- and CER-lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ming Ke
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Swetha Kamatam
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Kozan DW, Derrick JT, Ludington WB, Farber SA. From worms to humans: Understanding intestinal lipid metabolism via model organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159290. [PMID: 36738984 PMCID: PMC9974936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is responsible for efficient absorption and packaging of dietary lipids before they enter the circulatory system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how intestinal enterocytes from diverse model organisms absorb dietary lipid and subsequently secrete the largest class of lipoproteins (chylomicrons) to meet the unique needs of each animal. We discuss the putative relationship between diet and metabolic disease progression, specifically Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Understanding the molecular response of intestinal cells to dietary lipid has the potential to undercover novel therapies to combat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby W Kozan
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua T Derrick
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William B Ludington
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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44
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Myers MN, Abou-Rjeileh U, Chirivi M, Parales-Girón J, Lock AL, Tam J, Zachut M, Contreras GA. Cannabinoid-1 receptor activation modulates lipid mobilization and adipogenesis in the adipose tissue of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3650-3661. [PMID: 36907764 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Amplified adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis and suppressed lipogenesis characterize the periparturient period of dairy cows. The intensity of lipolysis recedes with the progression of lactation; however, when lipolysis is excessive and prolonged, disease risk is exacerbated and productivity compromised. Interventions that minimize lipolysis while maintaining adequate supply of energy and enhancing lipogenesis may improve periparturient cows' health and lactation performance. Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) activation in rodent AT enhances the lipogenic and adipogenic capacity of adipocytes, yet the effects in dairy cow AT remain unknown. Using a synthetic CB1R agonist and an antagonist, we determined the effects of CB1R stimulation on lipolysis, lipogenesis, and adipogenesis in the AT of dairy cows. Adipose tissue explants were collected from healthy, nonlactating and nongestating (NLNG; n = 6) or periparturient (n = 12) cows at 1 wk before parturition and at 2 and 3 wk postpartum (PP1 and PP2, respectively). Explants were treated with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (1 μM) in the presence of the CB1R agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) ± the CB1R antagonist rimonabant (RIM). Lipolysis was quantified based on glycerol release. We found that ACEA reduced lipolysis in NLNG cows; however, it did not exhibit a direct effect on AT lipolysis in periparturient cows. Inhibition of CB1R with RIM in postpartum cow AT did not alter lipolysis. To evaluate adipogenesis and lipogenesis, preadipocytes isolated from NLNG cows' AT were induced to differentiate in the presence or absence of ACEA ± RIM for 4 and 12 d. Live cell imaging, lipid accumulation, and expressions of key adipogenic and lipogenic markers were assessed. Preadipocytes treated with ACEA had higher adipogenesis, whereas ACEA+RIM reduced it. Adipocytes treated with ACEA and RIM for 12 d exhibited enhanced lipogenesis compared with untreated cells (control). Lipid content was reduced in ACEA+RIM but not with RIM alone. Collectively, our results support that lipolysis may be reduced by CB1R stimulation in NLNG cows but not in periparturient cows. In addition, our findings demonstrate that adipogenesis and lipogenesis are enhanced by activation of CB1R in the AT of NLNG dairy cows. In summary, we provide initial evidence which supports that the sensitivity of the AT endocannabinoid system to endocannabinoids, and its ability to modulate AT lipolysis, adipogenesis, and lipogenesis, vary based on dairy cows' lactation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Myers
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Ursula Abou-Rjeileh
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Miguel Chirivi
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jair Parales-Girón
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel 7505101
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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45
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Shimizu Y, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Tsutsumi T, Kyogashima M, Kannagi R, Iwaki S, Aoyama M, Tokumura A. Hypoxia increases cellular levels of phosphatidic acid and lysophospholipids in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Lipids 2023; 58:93-103. [PMID: 36708255 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to survive in a hypoxic microenvironment by altering their lipid metabolism as well as their energy metabolism. In this study, Caco-2 cells derived from human colon cancer, were found to have elevated intracellular levels of phosphatidic acid and its lysoform, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggested that the elevation of LPA in Caco-2 cells was mainly due to the combined increases in cellular levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A2 and subsequent hydrolysis to LPA by lysophospholipase D. We detected the Ca2+ -stimulated choline-producing activities toward exogenous lysophosphatidylcholines in whole Caco-2 cell homogenates, indicating their involvement in the LPA production in intact Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Tamiya-Koizumi
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kyogashima
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Soichiro Iwaki
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
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46
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock K, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman M, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman B, Fern Ndez FM, Goodyear LJ, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527012. [PMID: 36778330 PMCID: PMC9915732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
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47
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Wang Y, Zeng F, Zhao Z, He L, He X, Pang H, Huang F, Chang P. Transmembrane Protein 68 Functions as an MGAT and DGAT Enzyme for Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032012. [PMID: 36768334 PMCID: PMC9916437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis is an important metabolic process for intracellular storage of surplus energy, intestinal dietary fat absorption, attenuation of lipotoxicity, lipid transportation, lactation and signal transduction in mammals. Transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored acyltransferase family member of unknown function. In the current study we show that overexpression of TMEM68 promotes TG accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation in a conserved active sites-dependent manner. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis showed that diacylglycerol (DG), free fatty acid (FFA) and TG levels were increased by TMEM68 expression. In addition, TMEM68 overexpression affected the levels of several glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as sterol ester contents. TMEM68 exhibited monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities dependent on the conserved active sites in an in vitro assay. The expression of lipogenesis genes, including DGATs, fatty acid synthesis-related genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was upregulated in TMEM68-overexpressing cells. These results together demonstrate for the first time that TMEM68 functions as an acyltransferase and affects lipogenic gene expression, glycerolipid metabolism and TG storage in mammalian cells.
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Oh S, Jo S, Bajzikova M, Kim HS, Dao TTP, Rohlena J, Kim JM, Neuzil J, Park S. Non-bioenergetic roles of mitochondrial GPD2 promote tumor progression. Theranostics 2023; 13:438-457. [PMID: 36632231 PMCID: PMC9830446 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite growing evidence for mitochondria's involvement in cancer, the roles of specific metabolic components outside the respiratory complex have been little explored. We conducted metabolomic studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-deficient (ρ0) cancer cells with lower proliferation rates to clarify the undefined roles of mitochondria in cancer growth. Methods and results: Despite extensive metabolic downregulation, ρ0 cells exhibited high glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) level, due to low activity of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2). Knockout (KO) of GPD2 resulted in cell growth suppression as well as inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. Surprisingly, this was unrelated to the conventional bioenergetic function of GPD2. Instead, multi-omics results suggested major changes in ether lipid metabolism, for which GPD2 provides dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in ether lipid biosynthesis. GPD2 KO cells exhibited significantly lower ether lipid level, and their slower growth was rescued by supplementation of a DHAP precursor or ether lipids. Mechanistically, ether lipid metabolism was associated with Akt pathway, and the downregulation of Akt/mTORC1 pathway due to GPD2 KO was rescued by DHAP supplementation. Conclusion: Overall, the GPD2-ether lipid-Akt axis is newly described for the control of cancer growth. DHAP supply, a non-bioenergetic process, may constitute an important role of mitochondria in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sihyang Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Martina Bajzikova
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Han Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Thien T. P. Dao
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jin-Mo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,✉ Corresponding authors: Sunghyouk Park, Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-2-880-7831; Fax: +82-2-880-7831; E-mail: ; Jiri Neuzil, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, Qld 4215, Australia, Tel: +61-(0)7-5552-9109; Fax: +61-(0)7-5552-9109; E-mail: or
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Sunghyouk Park, Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-2-880-7831; Fax: +82-2-880-7831; E-mail: ; Jiri Neuzil, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, Qld 4215, Australia, Tel: +61-(0)7-5552-9109; Fax: +61-(0)7-5552-9109; E-mail: or
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Cao Y, Li Q, Zhang L. The core triacylglycerol toolbox in woody oil plants reveals targets for oil production bioengineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170723. [PMID: 37077641 PMCID: PMC10106636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody oil plants are the most productive oil-bearing species that produce seeds with high levels of valuable triacylglycerols (TAGs). TAGs and their derivatives are the raw materials for many macromolecular bio-based products, such as nylon precursors, and biomass-based diesel. Here, we identified 280 genes encoding seven distinct classes of enzymes (i.e., G3PAT, LPAAT, PAP, DGAT, PDCT, PDAT, and CPT) involved in TAGs-biosynthesis. Several multigene families are expanded by large-scale duplication events, such as G3PATs, and PAPs. RNA-seq was used to survey the expression profiles of these TAG pathway-related genes in different tissues or development, indicating functional redundancy for some duplicated genes originated from the large-scale duplication events, and neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization for some of them. Sixty-two genes showed strong, preferential expression during the period of rapid seed lipid synthesis, suggesting that their might represented the core TAG-toolbox. We also revealed for the first time that there is no PDCT pathway in Vernicia fordii and Xanthoceras sorbifolium. The identification of key genes involved in lipid biosynthesis will be the foundation to plan strategies to develop woody oil plant varieties with enhanced processing properties and high oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Cao
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Cao, ; Lin Zhang,
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Cao, ; Lin Zhang,
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50
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Yoon DS, Byeon E, Kim DH, Lee MC, Shin KH, Hagiwara A, Park HG, Lee JS. Effects of temperature and combinational exposures on lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109449. [PMID: 36055628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of changes in fatty acids in response to environmental temperature changes have been conducted in many species, particularly mammals. However, few studies have considered aquatic invertebrates, even though they are particularly vulnerable to changes in environmental temperature. In this review, we summarize the process by which animals synthesize common fatty acids and point out differences between the fatty acid profiles of vertebrates and those of aquatic invertebrates. Unlike vertebrates, some aquatic invertebrates can directly synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which can be used to respond to temperature changes. Various studies have shown that aquatic invertebrates increase the degree of saturation in their fatty acids through an increase in saturated fatty acid production or a decrease in PUFAs as the temperature increases. In addition, we summarize recent studies that have examined the complex effects of temperature and combinational stressors to determine whether the degree of saturation in aquatic invertebrates is influenced by other factors. The combined effects of carbon dioxide partial pressure, food quality, starvation, salinity, and chemical exposures have been confirmed, and fatty acid profile changes in response to high temperature were greater than those from combinational stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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