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Franczak E, Maurer A, Drummond VC, Kugler BA, Wells E, Wenger M, Peelor FF, Crosswhite A, McCoin CS, Koch LG, Britton SL, Miller BF, Thyfault JP. Divergence in aerobic capacity and energy expenditure influence metabolic tissue mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in aged rats. GeroScience 2024; 46:2207-2222. [PMID: 37880490 PMCID: PMC10828174 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated declines in aerobic capacity promote the development of various metabolic diseases. In rats selectively bred for high/low intrinsic aerobic capacity, greater aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to metabolic disease while increasing longevity. However, little remains known how intrinsic aerobic capacity protects against metabolic disease, particularly with aging. Here, we tested the effects of aging and intrinsic aerobic capacity on systemic energy expenditure, metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates using 24-month-old low-capacity (LCR) or high-capacity runner (HCR) rats. Rats were fed low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, with energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic flexibility assessed utilizing indirect calorimetry during a 48 h fast/re-feeding metabolic challenge. Deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling was used to assess mitochondrial protein fraction synthesis rates (FSR) over a 7-day period. HCR rats possessed greater EE during the metabolic challenge. Interestingly, HFD induced changes in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in male and female rats, while HCR female rat RER was largely unaffected by diet. In addition, analysis of protein FSR in skeletal muscle, brain, and liver mitochondria showed tissue-specific adaptations between HCR and LCR rats. While brain and liver protein FSR were altered by aerobic capacity and diet, these effects were less apparent in skeletal muscle. Overall, we provide evidence that greater aerobic capacity promotes elevated EE in an aged state, while also regulating metabolic flexibility in a sex-dependent manner. Modulation of mitochondrial protein FSR by aerobic capacity is tissue-specific with aging, likely due to differential energetic requirements by each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edziu Franczak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Vivien Csikos Drummond
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Emily Wells
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Madi Wenger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | | | - Abby Crosswhite
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Dewidar B, Mastrototaro L, Englisch C, Ress C, Granata C, Rohbeck E, Pesta D, Heilmann G, Wolkersdorfer M, Esposito I, Reina Do Fundo M, Zivehe F, Yavas A, Roden M. Alterations of hepatic energy metabolism in murine models of obesity, diabetes and fatty liver diseases. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104714. [PMID: 37454552 PMCID: PMC10384226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed hepatic energy metabolism contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), but the development of changes over time and obesity- or diabetes-related mechanisms remained unclear. METHODS Two-day old male C57BL/6j mice received streptozotocin (STZ) or placebo (PLC) and then high-fat (HFD) or regular chow diet (RCD) from week 4 (W4) to either W8 or W16, yielding control [CTRL = PLC + RCD], diabetes [DIAB = STZ + RCD], obesity [OBES = PLC + HFD] and diabetes-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH = STZ + HFD] models. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry and insulin-sensitive glucose metabolism by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with stable isotope dilution. FINDINGS NASH showed higher steatosis and NAFLD activity already at W8 and liver fibrosis at W16 (all p < 0.01 vs CTRL). Ballooning was increased in DIAB and NASH at W16 (p < 0.01 vs CTRL). At W16, insulin sensitivity was 47%, 58% and 75% lower in DIAB, NASH and OBES (p < 0.001 vs CTRL). Hepatic uncoupled fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated respiration was reduced in OBES at W8, but doubled in DIAB and NASH at W16 (p < 0.01 vs CTRL) and correlated with biomarkers of unfolded protein response (UPR), oxidative stress and hepatic expression of certain enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, Acc2; carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Cpt1a). Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-driven respiration was lower in OBES at W8 and doubled in DIAB at W16 (p < 0.0001 vs CTRL), which positively correlated with expression of genes related to lipolysis. INTERPRETATION Hepatic mitochondria adapt to various metabolic challenges with increasing FAO-driven respiration, which is linked to dysfunctional UPR, systemic oxidative stress, insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism. In a diabetes model, higher TCA-linked respiration reflected mitochondrial adaptation to greater hepatic lipid turnover. FUNDING Funding bodies that contributed to this study were listed in the acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedair Dewidar
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Englisch
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Insulin Resistance, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rohbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Geronimo Heilmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wolkersdorfer
- Landesapotheke Salzburg, Department of Production, Hospital Pharmacy, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michelle Reina Do Fundo
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fariba Zivehe
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Kugler BA, Thyfault JP, McCoin CS. Sexually dimorphic hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise: a mini-review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:685-691. [PMID: 36701482 PMCID: PMC10027083 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a physiological stress that disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis while enhancing systemic metabolic energy demand mainly through the increased workload of skeletal muscle. Although the extensive focus has been on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise, the liver senses these disruptions in metabolic energy homeostasis and responds to provide the required substrates to sustain increased demand. Hepatic metabolic flexibility is an energetically costly process that requires continuous mitochondrial production of the cellular currency ATP. To do so, the liver must maintain a healthy functioning mitochondrial pool, attained through well-regulated and dynamic processes. Intriguingly, some of these responses are sex-dependent. This mini-review examines the hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise with a focus on sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Gestational Exercise Antagonises the Impact of Maternal High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet on Liver Mitochondrial Alterations and Quality Control Signalling in Male Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1388. [PMID: 36674144 PMCID: PMC9858977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-caloric nutrition and related gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are relevant modulators of the intrauterine environment, increasing the risk of liver metabolic alterations in mothers and offspring. In contrast, as a non-pharmacological approach against metabolic disorders, exercise is highly recommended in GDM treatment. We analysed whether gestational exercise (GE) protects mothers from diet-induced GDM metabolic consequences and mitigates liver mitochondrial deleterious alterations in their 6-week-old male offspring. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed with control or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet and kept sedentary or submitted to GE. Male offspring were sedentary and fed with control diet. Sedentary HFHS mothers and their offspring showed impaired hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and morphological evidence of mitochondrial remodelling. In contrast, GE-related beneficial effects were demonstrated by upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis signalling markers and mitochondrial fusion proteins and downregulation of mitochondrial fission protein. Alterations in miR-34a, miR-130b, and miR-494, associated with epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, suggested that GE is a more critical modulator of intergenerational changes in miRs expression than the maternal diet. Our data showed that GE positively modulated the altered hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics markers and quality control signalling associated with maternal HFHS-diet-related GDM in mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Jansen KM, Dahdah N, Gama-Perez P, Schots PC, Larsen TS, Garcia-Roves PM. Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonist versus omega-3 fatty acids supplement on obesity-induced alterations of mitochondrial respiration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1098391. [PMID: 37033212 PMCID: PMC10076843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare administration of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, exenatide, versus dietary supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acid-rich Calanus oil on obesity-induced alterations in mitochondrial respiration. METHODS Six-week-old female C57BL/6JOlaHSD mice were given high fat diet (HFD, 45% energy from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Thereafter, they were divided in three groups where one received exenatide (10 μg/kg/day) via subcutaneously implanted mini-osmotic pumps, a second group received 2% Calanus oil as dietary supplement, while the third group received HFD without any treatment. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment and tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue) were collected for measurement of mitochondrial respiratory activity by high-resolution respirometry, using an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros instruments, Innsbruck, Austria). RESULTS It was found that high-fat feeding led to a marked reduction of mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue during all three states investigated - LEAK, OXPHOS and ETS. This response was to some extent attenuated by exenatide treatment, but not with Calanus oil treatment. High-fat feeding had no major effect on hepatic mitochondrial respiration, but exenatide treatment resulted in a significant increase in the various respiratory states in liver. Mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle was not significantly influenced by high-fat diet or any of the treatments. The precise evaluation of mitochondrial respiration considering absolute oxygen flux and ratios to assess flux control efficiency avoided misinterpretation of the results. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide increased hepatic mitochondrial respiration in high-fat fed mice, but no clear beneficial effect was observed in skeletal muscle or fat tissue. Calanus oil did not negatively affect respiratory activity in these tissues, which maintains its potential as a dietary supplement, due to its previously reported benefits on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Jansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norma Dahdah
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pauke C. Schots
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Terje S. Larsen, ; Pablo M. Garcia-Roves,
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- *Correspondence: Terje S. Larsen, ; Pablo M. Garcia-Roves,
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Wu MF, Zhang GD, Liu TT, Shen JH, Cheng JL, Shen J, Yang TY, Huang C, Zhang L. Hif-2α regulates lipid metabolism in alcoholic fatty liver disease through mitophagy. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:198. [PMID: 36476627 PMCID: PMC9730692 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered lipid metabolism plays an essential role in both the initiation and progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and fatty acid β-oxidation is increasingly considered as a crucial factor for controlling lipid metabolism. Hif-2α is a member of the Hif family of nuclear receptors, which take part in regulating hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. However, its functional role in AFLD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Hif-2α was upregulated in EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-treated AML-12 cells. Inhibition or silencing of Hif-2α led to increased fatty acid β-oxidation and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy. Downregulation of Hif-2α activates the PPAR-α/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which is involved in hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, by mediating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, ultimately delaying the progression of AFLD. CONCLUSIONS Hif-2α induces liver steatosis, which promotes the progression of AFLD. Here, we have described a novel Hif-2α-BNIP3-dependent mitophagy regulatory pathway interconnected with EtOH-induced lipid accumulation, which could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-fei Wu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201400 China
| | - Guo-dong Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Tong-tong Liu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jun-hao Shen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jie-ling Cheng
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jie Shen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Tian-yu Yang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Cheng Huang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Stierwalt HD, Morris EM, Maurer A, Apte U, Phillips K, Li T, Meers GME, Koch LG, Britton SL, Graf G, Rector RS, Mercer K, Shankar K, Thyfault JP. Rats with high aerobic capacity display enhanced transcriptional adaptability and upregulation of bile acid metabolism in response to an acute high-fat diet. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15405. [PMID: 35923133 PMCID: PMC9350427 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats selectively bred for the high intrinsic aerobic capacity runner (HCR) or low aerobic capacity runner (LCR) show pronounced differences in susceptibility for high-fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, replicating the protective effect of high aerobic capacity in humans. We have previously shown multiple systemic differences in energy and substrate metabolism that impacts steatosis between HCR and LCR rats. This study aimed to investigate hepatic-specific mechanisms of action via changes in gene transcription. Livers of HCR rats had a greater number of genes that significantly changed in response to 3-day HFHS compared with LCR rats (171 vs. 75 genes: >1.5-fold, p < 0.05). HCR and LCR rats displayed numerous baseline differences in gene expression while on a low-fat control diet (CON). A 3-day HFHS diet resulted in greater expression of genes involved in the conversion of excess acetyl-CoA to cholesterol and bile acid (BA) synthesis compared with the CON diet in HCR, but not LCR rats. These results were associated with higher fecal BA loss and lower serum BA concentrations in HCR rats. Exercise studies in rats and mice also revealed higher hepatic expression of cholesterol and BA synthesis genes. Overall, these results suggest that high aerobic capacity and exercise are associated with upregulated BA synthesis paired with greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and BA, an effect that may play a role in protection against hepatic steatosis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D. Stierwalt
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceKansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - E. Matthew Morris
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | | | - Tiangang Li
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Grace M. E. Meers
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | | | - Greg Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSaha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Kelly Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Section of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceKansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
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9
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Wang M, Zhu Z, Kan Y, Yu M, Guo W, Ju M, Wang J, Yi S, Han S, Shang W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Fang P. Treatment with spexin mitigates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo and in vitro through activation of galanin receptor 2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111688. [PMID: 35654225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that spexin as an adipocyte-secreted protein could regulate obesity and insulin resistance. However, the specific metabolic contribution of spexin to fatty liver remains incompletely understood. Herein, we investigated the effects of spexin on hepatosteatosis and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. HFD-fed mice were injected with spexin and/or GALR2 antagonist M871, while PA-induced HepG2 cells were treated with spexin in the absence or presence of M871 for 12 h, respectively. Gene expression in liver tissues and hepatocytes was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that body weight, visceral fat content, liver lipid droplet formation, hepatic intracellular triglyceride, and serum triglyceride were reduced in spexin-treated mice. Furthermore, spexin increased the expression of hepatic CPT1A, PPARα, SIRT1, KLF9, PGC-1α and PEPCK in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, spexin treatment improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice fed the HFD. Interestingly, these spexin-mediated beneficial effects were abolished by the GALR2 antagonist M871 in mice fed HFD and PA-induced HepG2 cells, suggesting that spexin mitigated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by activating the GALR2, thereby increasing CPT1A, PPARα, SIRT1, KLF9, PGC-1α and PEPCK expression. Taken together, these data suggest that spexin ameliorates NAFLD by improving lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation via activation of GALR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Kan
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wancheng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Mengxian Ju
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Shuxin Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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10
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Enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis - a role of PGC-1α4 in resistance exercise. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2324. [PMID: 35484130 PMCID: PMC9050893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is an effective countermeasure to sarcopenia, related frailty and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that an RET-induced increase in PGC-1α4 (an isoform of the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α) expression not only promotes muscle hypertrophy but also enhances glycolysis, providing a rapid supply of ATP for muscle contractions. In human skeletal muscle, PGC-1α4 binds to the nuclear receptor PPARβ following RET, resulting in downstream effects on the expressions of key glycolytic genes. In myotubes, we show that PGC-1α4 overexpression increases anaerobic glycolysis in a PPARβ-dependent manner and promotes muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation. In contrast, we found that an acute resistance exercise bout activates glycolysis in an AMPK-dependent manner. These results provide a mechanistic link between RET and improved glucose metabolism, offering an important therapeutic target to counteract aging and inactivity-induced metabolic diseases benefitting those who cannot exercise due to many reasons.
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11
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Morris EM, Noland RD, Ponte ME, Montonye ML, Christianson JA, Stanford JA, Miles JM, Hayes MR, Thyfault JP. Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2596. [PMID: 34444756 PMCID: PMC8400659 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previously, increased acute food intake following the chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism. Herein, we used a hepatocyte PGC1a heterozygous (LPGC1a) mouse model, with associated reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity, to assess the role of liver energy metabolism in systemic energy homeostasis. LPGC1a male, but not female, mice had a 70% greater high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced weight gain compared to wildtype (WT) mice (p < 0.05). The greater weight gain was associated with altered feeding behavior and lower activity energy expenditure during the HFHS diet in LPGC1a males. WT and LPGC1a mice underwent sham surgery or HBV to assess whether vagal signaling was involved in the HFHS-induced weight gain of male LPGC1a mice. HBV increased HFHS-induced weight gain (85%, p < 0.05) in male WT mice, but not LPGC1a mice. These data demonstrate a sex-specific role of reduced liver energy metabolism in acute diet-induced weight gain, and the need for a more nuanced assessment of the role of vagal signaling in short-term diet-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Roberto D. Noland
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michael E. Ponte
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michelle L. Montonye
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Julie A. Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - John A. Stanford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - John M. Miles
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Kansas City VA Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
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12
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Protective Effect of Jiang Tang Xiao Ke Granules against Skeletal Muscle IR via Activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 α Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5566053. [PMID: 34326919 PMCID: PMC8277912 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule is a classic Chinese herbal formula that has been put into clinical use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for decades. However, whether its ability to ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is through modulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of JTXK granules on IR in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice and C2C12 cells and analyze the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we showed that JTXK granules attenuated body weight gain, reduced body fat mass, improved body lean mass, and enhanced muscle performance of diabetic mice. JTXK granules also improved glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and partially reversed abnormal serum lipid levels, which might be related to the regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, both in skeletal muscle tissue of diabetic mice and in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, drug-containing serum of JTXK granules was capable of enhancing glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration in C2C12 cells, and AMPKα was proven to be closely involved in this process. Taken together, these results suggest that the JTXK granule ameliorates skeletal muscle IR through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which offers a novel perspective of this formula to combat IR-related metabolic diseases.
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13
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Fuller KNZ, McCoin CS, Von Schulze AT, Houchen CJ, Choi MA, Thyfault JP. Estradiol treatment or modest exercise improves hepatic health and mitochondrial outcomes in female mice following ovariectomy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1020-E1031. [PMID: 33870713 PMCID: PMC8285602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that compared with males, female mice have increased hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity and are protected against high-fat diet-induced steatosis. Here, we sought to determine the role of estrogen in hepatic mitochondrial function, steatosis, and bile acid metabolism in female mice and investigate potential benefits of exercise in the absence or presence of estrogen via ovariectomy (OVX). Female C57BL mice (n = 6 per group) were randomly assigned to sham surgery (sham), ovariectomy (OVX), or OVX plus estradiol replacement therapy (OVX + Est). Half of the mice in each treatment group were sedentary (SED) or had access to voluntary wheel running (VWR). All mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and were housed at thermoneutral temperatures. We assessed isolated hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity using the Oroboros O2k with both pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine as substrates. As expected, OVX mice presented with greater hepatic steatosis, weight gain, and fat mass gain compared with sham and OVX + Est animals. Hepatic mitochondrial coupling (basal/state 3 respiration) with pyruvate was impaired following OVX, but both VWR and estradiol treatment rescued coupling to levels greater than or equal to sham animals. Estradiol and exercise also had different effects on liver electron transport chain protein expression depending on OVX status. Markers of bile acid metabolism and excretion were also impaired by ovariectomy but rescued with estradiol add-back. Together our data suggest that estrogen depletion impairs hepatic mitochondrial function and liver health, and that estradiol replacement and modest exercise can aid in rescuing this phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY OVX induces hepatic steatosis in sedentary mice which can be prevented by modest physical activity (VWR) and/or estradiol treatment. Estrogen impacts hepatic mitochondrial coupling in a substrate-specific manner. OVX mice have impaired fecal bile acid excretion, which was rescued with estradiol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Claire J Houchen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael A Choi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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14
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Sherk VD, Heveran CM, Foright RM, Johnson GC, Presby DM, Ferguson VL, MacLean PS. Sex differences in the effect of diet, obesity, and exercise on bone quality and fracture toughness. Bone 2021; 145:115840. [PMID: 33418101 PMCID: PMC11313485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and obesity are both diseases that are multifactorial in etiology and pathology. The contributing role of high fat diet (HFD) versus energy overconsumption on bone health is controversial. Exercise is often prescribed for improving bone health, but it is unclear whether HFD or overconsumption influences skeletal adaptations to exercise. Female and male Wistar rats were fed HFD or low fat diet (LFD) for 10 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age. Within HFD, rats were labeled Obesity-Resistant (OR) or Obesity-Prone (OP) based on weight and fat gain. Within each diet and phenotype group, rats were randomized to treadmill exercise or sedentary control (SED) for the final 4 weeks. Femurs were assessed for fracture toughness. Cortical lamellar and nonlamellar bone microscale material behavior and chemistry were assessed using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Female bones had higher fracture toughness and mineral: matrix ratio than male bones. Diet and energy overconsumption affected bone characteristics in a sex-dependent manner, where the divergence between OP and OR in response to HFD occurred more rapidly in males. Diet composition, in general, had a stronger effect on bone quality than overconsumption. HFD dramatically decreased bone size and lamellar mineral:matrix compared to LFD. Effects of short-term exercise training on microscale tissue properties were generally more robust with LFD. Exercise enhanced the contrast between lamellar and nonlamellar bone for nanoindentation modulus but decreased this contrast for plastic work. Our data demonstrate the complexities in the relationship between diet and obesity and highlight the importance of addressing both aspects when characterizing bone quality and fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; (5)BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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15
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Von Schulze AT, Deng F, Fuller KNZ, Franczak E, Miller J, Allen J, McCoin CS, Shankar K, Ding WX, Thyfault JP, Geiger PC. Heat Treatment Improves Hepatic Mitochondrial Respiratory Efficiency via Mitochondrial Remodeling. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab001. [PMID: 33629069 PMCID: PMC7886620 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonacholic fatty liver disease, or hepatic steatosis, is the most common liver disorder affecting the western world and currently has no pharmacologic cure. Thus, many investigations have focused on alternative strategies to treat or prevent hepatic steatosis. Our laboratory has shown that chronic heat treatment (HT) mitigates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in rodent models of obesity. Here, we investigate the direct bioenergetic mechanism(s) surrounding the metabolic effects of HT on hepatic mitochondria. Utilizing mitochondrial proteomics and respiratory function assays, we show that one bout of acute HT (42°C for 20 min) in male C57Bl/6J mice (n = 6/group) triggers a hepatic mitochondrial heat shock response resulting in acute reductions in respiratory capacity, degradation of key mitochondrial enzymes, and induction of mitophagy via mitochondrial ubiquitination. We also show that chronic bouts of HT and recurrent activation of the heat shock response enhances mitochondrial quality and respiratory function via compensatory adaptations in mitochondrial organization, gene expression, and transport even during 4 weeks of high-fat feeding (n = 6/group). Finally, utilizing a liver-specific heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) knockout model, we are the first to show that HSP72, a protein putatively driving the HT metabolic response, does not play a significant role in the hepatic mitochondrial adaptation to acute or chronic HT. However, HSP72 is required for the reductions in blood glucose observed with chronic HT. Our data are the first to suggest that chronic HT (1) improves hepatic mitochondrial respiratory efficiency via mitochondrial remodeling and (2) reduces blood glucose in a hepatic HSP72-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Von Schulze
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Fengyan Deng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Edziu Franczak
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Josh Miller
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Julie Allen
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,Address correspondence to P.C.G. (e-mail: )
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16
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Fu X, Qin T, Yu J, Jiao J, Ma Z, Fu Q, Deng X, Ma S. Formononetin Ameliorates Cognitive Disorder via PGC-1α Pathway in Neuroinflammation Conditions in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:566-577. [PMID: 31389320 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190807160137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in many modern societies. The core pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease includes the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau and abnormal Amyloid-β generation. In addition, previous studies have shown that neuroinflammation is one of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Formononetin, an isoflavone compound extracted from Trifolium pratense L., has been found to have various properties including anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects. But there are very few studies on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with Formononetin. OBJECTIVE The present study focused on the protective activities of Formononetin on a high-fat dietinduced cognitive decline and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mice were fed with HFD for 10 weeks and intragastric administrated daily with metformin (300 mg/kg) and Formononetin (20 and 40 mg/kg). RESULTS We found that Formononetin (20, 40 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the learning and memory deficits companied by weight improvement and decreased the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride in high-fat diet-induced mice. Meanwhile, we observed high-fat diet significantly caused the Tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of mice, whereas Formononetin reversed this effect. Additionally, Formononetin markedly reduced the levels of inflammation cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in high-fat diet-induced mice. The mechanism study showed that Formononetin suppressed the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling and enhanced the anti-inflammatory Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, which might be related to the regulation of PGC-1α in the hippocampus of high-fat diet -induced mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results showed that Formononetin could improve the cognitive function by inhibiting neuroinflammation, which is attributed to the regulation of PGC-1α pathway in HFD-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Zhanqiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Xueyang Deng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing 21198, China.,Qinba Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development Center, AnKang University, AnKang 725000, China
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17
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Mantha OL, Huneau JF, Mathé V, Hermier D, Khodorova N, Mariotti F, Fouillet H. Differential changes to splanchnic and peripheral protein metabolism during the diet-induced development of metabolic syndrome in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E175-E186. [PMID: 32459526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00061.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) on protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism. During this study, we took advantage of the variability in interindividual susceptibility to high fat diet-induced MS to study the relationships between MS, protein synthesis, and AA catabolism in multiple tissues in rats. After 4 mo of high-fat feeding, an MS score (ZMS) was calculated as the average of the z-scores for individual MS components [weight, adiposities, homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides]. In the small intestine, liver, plasma, kidneys, heart, and muscles, tissue protein synthesis was measured by 2H2O labeling, and we evaluated the proportion of tissue AA catabolism (relative to protein synthesis) and nutrient routing to nonindispensable AAs in tissue proteins using natural nitrogen and carbon isotopic distances between tissue proteins and nutrients (Δ15N and Δ13C), respectively. In the liver, protein mass and synthesis increased, whereas the proportion of AA catabolism decreased with ZMS. By contrast, in muscles, we found no association between ZMS and protein mass, protein synthesis (except for a weak positive association in the gastrocnemius muscle only), and proportion of AA catabolism. The development of MS was also associated with altered metabolic flexibility and fatty acid oxidation, as shown by less routing of dietary lipids to nonindispensable AA synthesis in liver and muscle. In conclusion, MS development is associated with a greater gain of both fat and protein masses, with higher protein anabolism that mainly occurs in the liver, whereas muscles probably develop anabolic resistance due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Mantha
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - J-F Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - V Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - D Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - F Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - H Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
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18
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Fuller KNZ, McCoin CS, Allen J, Bell-Glenn S, Koestler DC, Dorn GW, Thyfault JP. Sex and BNIP3 genotype, rather than acute lipid injection, modulate hepatic mitochondrial function and steatosis risk in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1251-1261. [PMID: 32240015 PMCID: PMC7272752 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00035.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both lipid oversupply and poor mitochondrial function (low respiration and elevated H2O2 emission) have been implicated in the development of hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Mitophagy, the targeted degradation of low-functioning mitochondria, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial quality control. Here, we used intralipid injection combined with acute (4 day) and chronic (4-7wk) high-fat diets (HFD) to examine whether hepatic mitochondrial respiration would decrease and H2O2 emission would increase with lipid overload. We tested these effects in male and female wild type (WT) mice and mice null for a critical mediator of mitophagy, BCL-2/adenovirus EIB 19-kDa interacting protein knockout (BNIP3 KO) housed at thermoneutral temperatures. Intralipid injection was successful in elevating serum triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids but had no impact on hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function or H2O2 emission. However, female mice had greater mitochondrial respiration on the acute HFD and lower H2O2 emission across both HFD durations and were protected against hepatic steatosis. Unexpectedly, BNIP3 KO animals had greater hepatic mitochondrial respiration, better coupled respiration, and increased electron chain protein content after the 4-day HFD, compared with WT animals. Altogether, these data suggest that acute lipid overload delivered by a single intralipid bolus does not alter hepatic mitochondrial outcomes, but rather sex and genotype profoundly impact hepatic mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study focusing on hepatic mitochondrial respiratory outcomes in response to lipid overload via a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with intralipid injection. Novel findings include no effect of intralipid injection on mitochondrial outcomes of interest despite increased circulating lipid concentrations. However, we report pronounced differences in hepatic mitochondrial respiration, complex protein expression, and H2O2 production by sex and BCL-2/adenovirus EIB 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) genotype. Specifically, female mice had lower H2O2 emission globally and on an acute HFD, females had greater hepatic mitochondrial respiration than males while BNIP3 knockout (KO) animals had greater mitochondrial coupling and complex protein expression than wild-type (WT) animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie Allen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shelby Bell-Glenn
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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19
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Fang P, Sun Y, Gu X, Han L, Han S, Shang Y, Luan Z, Lu N, Ge R, Shi M, Zhang Z, Min W. San-Huang-Tang protects obesity/diabetes induced NAFLD by upregulating PGC-1α/PEPCK signaling in obese and galr1 knockout mice models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112483. [PMID: 31843573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE San-Huang-Tang (ST), a classic prescription, has been clinically used to cure diabetes and diabetes-associated metabolic disorders. Established studies have reported that ST can alleviate inflammation, obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. AIM OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, here, we reported for the first time the underlying mechanistic therapeutic efficacy of the ST against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat induced obese and galr1-deficient diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The obese and galr1-deficient mice were treated with ST at a dose of 10 g/kg every day for three weeks. Then food intake, body weight and insulin resistance indexes were measured. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and plasma biochemical analyses were applied. RESULTS ST reduced food intake, body weight, blood glucose level and insulin resistance, improved glucose tolerance in obese and galr1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we confirmed that ST protected against NAFLD through activation of PGC-1α and its downstream signaling pathways as shown by the attenuated hepatic adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation, regulated plasma lipid parameters, and increased energy expenditure and metabolic function in fat and muscle. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in food intake produced by ST may contribute to the observed metabolic effects. Our findings strongly suggest that ST might be a potential novel therapeutic drug against obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Xinru Gu
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Long Han
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Yizhi Shang
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Zheqi Luan
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ran Ge
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Min
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China.
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20
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McCoin CS, Von Schulze A, Allen J, Fuller KNZ, Xia Q, Koestler DC, Houchen CJ, Maurer A, Dorn GW, Shankar K, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. Sex modulates hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to high-fat diet and physical activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E298-E311. [PMID: 31039007 PMCID: PMC6732468 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sexual dimorphism and mitophagy on hepatic mitochondrial adaptations during the treatment of steatosis with physical activity are largely unknown. Here, we tested if deficiencies in liver-specific peroxisome proliferative activated-receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator of biogenesis, and BCL-2/ADENOVIRUS EIB 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3), a mitophagy regulator, would impact hepatic mitochondrial adaptations (respiratory capacity, H2O2 production, mitophagy) to a high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD plus physical activity via voluntary wheel running (VWR) in both sexes. Male and female wild-type (WT), liver-specific PGC-1α heterozygote (LPGC-1α), and BNIP3 null mice were thermoneutral housed (29-31°C) and divided into three groups: sedentary-low-fat diet (LFD), 16 wk of (HFD), or 16 wk of HFD with VWR for the final 8 wk (HFD + VWR) (n = 5-7/sex/group). HFD did not impair mitochondrial respiratory capacity or coupling in any group; however, HFD + VWR significantly increased maximal respiratory capacity only in WT and PGC-1α females. Males required VWR to elicit mitochondrial adaptations that were inherently present in sedentary females including greater mitochondrial coupling control and reduced H2O2 production. Females had overall reduced markers of mitophagy, steatosis, and liver damage. Steatosis and markers of liver injury were present in sedentary male mice on the HFD and were effectively reduced with VWR despite no resolution of steatosis. Overall, reductions in PGC-1α and loss of BNIP3 only modestly impacted mitochondrial adaptations to HFD and HFD + VWR with the biggest effect seen in BNIP3 females. In conclusion, hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to HFD and treatment of HFD-induced steatosis with VWR are more dependent on sex than PGC-1α or BNIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alex Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Julie Allen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Claire J Houchen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arizona
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
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21
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Moore MP, Cunningham RP, Kelty TJ, Boccardi LR, Nguyen NY, Booth FW, Rector RS. Ketogenic diet in combination with voluntary exercise impacts markers of hepatic metabolism and oxidative stress in male and female Wistar rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:35-44. [PMID: 31116955 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) are shown to benefit hepatic metabolism; however, their effect on the liver when combined with exercise is unknown. We investigated the effects of a KD versus a "western" diet (WD) on markers of hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in exercising rats. Male and female Wistar rats with access to voluntary running wheels were randomized to 3 groups (n = 8-14 per group): standard chow (SC; 17% fat), WD (42% fat), or KD (90.5% fat) for 7 weeks. Body fat percentage (BF%) was increased in WD and KD versus SC, although KD females displayed lower BF% versus WD (p ≤ 0.05). Liver triglycerides were higher in KD and WD versus SC but were attenuated in KD females versus WD (p ≤ 0.05). KD suppressed hepatic markers of de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase) and increased markers of mitochondrial biogenesis/content (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and citrate synthase activity). KD also increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase 1 and lowered oxidized glutathione. Female rats exhibited elevated hepatic markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM), mitophagy (light chain 3 II/I ratio, autophagy-related protein 12:5), and cellular energy homeostasis (phosphorylated 5'AMP-activated protein kinase/5'AMP-activated protein kinase) versus males. These data highlight that KD and exercise beneficially impacts hepatic metabolism and oxidative stress and merits further investigation. Novelty KD feeding combined with exercise improved hepatic oxidative stress, suppressed markers of de novo lipogenesis, and increased markers of mitochondrial content versus WD feeding. Males and females responded similarly to combined KD feeding and exercise. Female rats exhibited elevated hepatic markers of autophagy/mitophagy and energy homeostasis compared with male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Moore
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Rory P Cunningham
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Taylor J Kelty
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Luigi R Boccardi
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Nhu Y Nguyen
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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22
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Morris EM, Meers GME, Ruegsegger GN, Wankhade UD, Robinson T, Koch LG, Britton SL, Rector RS, Shankar K, Thyfault JP. Intrinsic High Aerobic Capacity in Male Rats Protects Against Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1179-1192. [PMID: 31144719 PMCID: PMC6482035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low aerobic capacity increases the risk for insulin resistance but the mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we tested susceptibility to acute (3-day) high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in male rats selectively bred for divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity, that is, high-capacity running (HCR) and low-capacity running (LCR) rats. We employed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, tracers, and transcriptome sequencing of skeletal muscle to test whether divergence in aerobic capacity impacted insulin resistance through systemic and tissue-specific metabolic adaptations. An HFD evoked decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in muscle and liver in LCR rats, whereas HCR rats were protected. An HFD led to increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle (twofold) of HCR rats while increasing glucose transport into adipose depots of the LCR rats (twofold). Skeletal muscle transcriptome revealed robust differences in the gene profile of HCR vs LCR on low-fat diet and HFD conditions, including robust differences in specific genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and differentiation. HCR transcriptional adaptations to an acute HFD were more robust than for LCR and included genes driving mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, intrinsic aerobic capacity robustly impacts systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to HFD-induced alterations in insulin resistance, an effect that is likely driven by baseline differences in oxidative capacity, gene expression profile, and transcriptional adaptations to an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Grace M E Meers
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tommy Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven L Britton
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
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23
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Von Schulze A, McCoin CS, Onyekere C, Allen J, Geiger P, Dorn GW, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. Hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to physical activity: impact of sexual dimorphism, PGC1α and BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. J Physiol 2018; 596:6157-6171. [PMID: 30062822 PMCID: PMC6292817 DOI: 10.1113/jp276539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to physical activity may be regulated by mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α) and mitophagy (BNIP3). Additionally, these adaptations may be sex-dependent. Chronic increase in physical activity lowers basal mitochondrial respiratory capacity in mice. Female mice have higher hepatic electron transport system protein content, elevated respiratory capacity, lowered mitophagic flux, and emit less mitochondrial H2 O2 independent of physical activity. Males require chronic daily physical activity to attain a similar mitochondrial phenotype compared to females. In contrast, females have limited hepatic adaptations to chronic physical activity. Livers deficient in PGC1α and BNIP3 display similar mitochondrial adaptations to physical activity to those found in wild-type mice. ABSTRACT Hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to physical activity may be regulated by biogenesis- and mitophagy-associated pathways in a sex-dependent manner. Here, we tested if mice with targeted deficiencies in liver-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α; LPGC1α+/- ) and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-mediated mitophagy (BNIP3-/- ) would have reduced physical activity-induced adaptations in respiratory capacity, H2 O2 emission and mitophagy compared to wild-type (WT) controls and if these effects were impacted by sex. Male and female WT, LPGC1α+/- and BNIP3-/- C57BL6/J mice were divided into groups that remained sedentary or had access to daily physical activity via voluntary wheel running (VWR) (n = 6-10/group) for 4 weeks. Mice had ad libitum access to low-fat diet and water. VWR reduced basal mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial coupling and altered ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy in a sex-specific manner in WT mice. Female mice of all genotypes displayed higher electron transport system content, displayed increased ADP-stimulated respiration, produced less mitochondrially derived reactive oxygen species, exhibited reduced mitophagic flux, and were less responsive to VWR compared to males. Males responded more robustly to VWR-induced changes in hepatic mitochondrial function resulting in a match to adaptations found in females. Deficiencies in PGC1α and BNIP3 alone did not largely alter mitochondrial adaptations to VWR. However, VWR restored sex-dependent abnormalities in mitophagic flux in LPGC1α+/- . Finally, BNIP3-/- mice had elevated mitochondrial content and increased mitochondrial respiration putatively through repressed mitophagic flux. In conclusion, hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to physical activity are more dependent on sex than PGC1α and BNIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Von Schulze
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMO64128USA
| | - Colin S. McCoin
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMO64128USA
| | - Chiemela Onyekere
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
| | - Julie Allen
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMO64128USA
| | - Paige Geiger
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- Center for PharmacogenomicsDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO63110USA
| | - E. Matthew Morris
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMO64128USA
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS66160USA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMO64128USA
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24
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Kim T, Nason S, Holleman C, Pepin M, Wilson L, Berryhill TF, Wende AR, Steele C, Young ME, Barnes S, Drucker DJ, Finan B, DiMarchi R, Perez-Tilve D, Tschöp M, Habegger KM. Glucagon Receptor Signaling Regulates Energy Metabolism via Hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Diabetes 2018; 67:1773-1782. [PMID: 29925501 PMCID: PMC6110317 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon, an essential regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, also promotes weight loss, in part through potentiation of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion. However, FGF21 is only a partial mediator of metabolic actions ensuing from glucagon receptor (GCGR) activation, prompting us to search for additional pathways. Intriguingly, chronic GCGR agonism increases plasma bile acid levels. We hypothesized that GCGR agonism regulates energy metabolism, at least in part, through farnesoid X receptor (FXR). To test this hypothesis, we studied whole-body and liver-specific FXR-knockout (Fxr∆liver) mice. Chronic GCGR agonist (IUB288) administration in diet-induced obese (DIO) Gcgr, Fgf21, and Fxr whole-body or liver-specific knockout (∆liver) mice failed to reduce body weight when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. IUB288 increased energy expenditure and respiration in DIO WT mice, but not Fxr∆liver mice. GCGR agonism increased [14C]palmitate oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from WT mice in a dose-dependent manner, an effect blunted in hepatocytes from Fxr∆liver mice. Our data clearly demonstrate that control of whole-body energy expenditure by GCGR agonism requires intact FXR signaling in the liver. This heretofore-unappreciated aspect of glucagon biology has implications for the use of GCGR agonism in the therapy of metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucagon/agonists
- Receptors, Glucagon/genetics
- Receptors, Glucagon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Weight Gain/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shelly Nason
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark Pepin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Chad Steele
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Thyfault JP, Morris EM. Intrinsic (Genetic) Aerobic Fitness Impacts Susceptibility for Metabolic Disease. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 45:7-15. [PMID: 27433978 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P Thyfault
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS and 2Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
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Morris EM, McCoin CS, Allen JA, Gastecki ML, Koch LG, Britton SL, Fletcher JA, Fu X, Ding WX, Burgess SC, Rector RS, Thyfault JP. Aerobic capacity mediates susceptibility for the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis. J Physiol 2017; 595:4909-4926. [PMID: 28504310 DOI: 10.1113/jp274281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Low intrinsic aerobic capacity is associated with increased all-cause and liver-related mortality in humans. Low intrinsic aerobic capacity in the low capacity runner (LCR) rat increases susceptibility to acute and chronic high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced steatosis, without observed increases in liver inflammation. Addition of excess cholesterol to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet produced greater steatosis in LCR and high capacity runner (HCR) rats. However, the LCR rat demonstrated greater susceptibility to increased liver inflammatory and apoptotic markers compared to the HCR rat. The progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease observed in the LCR rats following western diet feeding was associated with further declines in liver fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiratory capacity compared to HCR rats. ABSTRACT Low aerobic capacity increases risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver-related disease mortality, but mechanisms mediating these effects remain unknown. We recently reported that rats bred for low aerobic capacity (low capacity runner; LCR) displayed susceptibility to high fat diet-induced steatosis in association with reduced hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory capacity compared to high aerobic capacity (high capacity runner; HCR) rats. Here we tested the impact of aerobic capacity on susceptibility for progressive liver disease following a 16-week 'western diet' (WD) high in fat (45% kcal), cholesterol (1% w/w) and sucrose (15% kcal). Unlike previously with a diet high in fat and sucrose alone, the inclusion of cholesterol in the WD induced hepatomegaly and steatosis in both HCR and LCR rats, while producing greater cholesterol ester accumulation in LCR compared to HCR rats. Importantly, WD-fed low-fitness LCR rats displayed greater inflammatory cell infiltration, serum alanine transaminase, expression of hepatic inflammatory markers (F4/80, MCP-1, TLR4, TLR2 and IL-1β) and effector caspase (caspase 3 and 7) activation compared to HCR rats. Further, LCR rats had greater WD-induced decreases in complete FAO and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Intrinsic aerobic capacity had no impact on WD-induced hepatic steatosis; however, rats bred for low aerobic capacity developed greater hepatic inflammation, which was associated with reduced hepatic mitochondrial FAO and respiratory capacity and increased accumulation of cholesterol esters. These results confirm epidemiological reports that aerobic capacity impacts progression of liver disease and suggest that these effects are mediated through alterations in hepatic mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julie A Allen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michelle L Gastecki
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Advanced Imaging Research Service, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiarong Fu
- Advanced Imaging Research Service, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Advanced Imaging Research Service, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital-Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Kansas City VA Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, MO, USA
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27
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A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1-6. [PMID: 26476631 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the main cellular sites devoted to ATP production and lipid oxidation. Therefore, the mitochondrial dysfunction could be an important determinant of cellular fate of circulating lipids, that accumulate in the cytoplasm, if they are not oxidized. The ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, and a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance has been proposed. METHODS Recent data on the possible link existing between mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and diet induced obesity will be summarized, focusing on the three factors that affect the mitochondrial oxidation of metabolic fuels, i.e. organelle number, organelle activity, and energetic efficiency of the mitochondrial machinery in synthesizing ATP. Search in PubMed relevant articles from 2003 to 2014 was conducted, by using query “liver mitochondria and obesity” “hepatic mitochondria and obesity” “liver mitochondria and high fat diet” and “hepatic mitochondria and high fat diet” and including related articles by the same groups. RESULTS Several works, by using different physiological approaches, have dealt with alteration in mitochondrial function in obesity and diabetes. Most results show that hepatic mitochondrial function is impaired in models of obesity and insulin resistance induced by high-fat or highfructose feeding. CONCLUSIONS Since mitochondria are the main producers of both cellular energy and free radicals, dysfunctional mitochondria could play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage in the liver, thus supporting the emerging idea that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Morris EM, Meers GM, Koch LG, Britton SL, MacLean PS, Thyfault JP. Increased aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to acute high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1929-37. [PMID: 27465260 PMCID: PMC5572206 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aerobic capacity is the most powerful predictor of all-cause mortality in humans; however, its role in the development of obesity and susceptibility for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain is not completely understood. METHODS Herein, a rodent model system of divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity [high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR)] was utilized to evaluate the role of aerobic fitness on 1-week HFD-induced (45% and 60% kcal) weight gain. Food/energy intake, body composition analysis, and brown adipose tissue gene expression were assessed as important potential factors involved in modulating HFD-induced weight gain. RESULTS HCR rats had reduced 1-week weight gain on both HFDs compared with LCR. Reduced HFD-induced weight gain was associated with greater adaptability to decrease food intake following initiation of the HFDs. Further, the HCR rats were observed to have reduced feeding efficiency and greater brown adipose mass and expression of genes involved in thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Rats with high intrinsic aerobic capacity have reduced susceptibility to 1-week HFD-induced weight gain, which is associated with greater food intake adaptability to control intake of energy-dense HFDs, reduced weight gain per kcal consumed, and greater brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Dept. of Medicine – Nutrition & Exercise Physiology Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Kansas City VA
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Grace M.E. Meers
- Dept. of Medicine – Nutrition & Exercise Physiology Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Kansas City VA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Dept. of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Dept. of Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, Missouri
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Qi Z, Ding S. Targeting mitochondrial phenotypes for non-communicable diseases. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:155-158. [PMID: 30356553 PMCID: PMC6188743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept that "Exercise is Medicine" has been challenged by the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). This is partly due to the fact that the underlying mechanisms of how exercise influences energy homeostasis and counteracts high-fat diets and physical inactivity is complex and remains relatively poorly understood on a molecular level. In addition to genetic polymorphisms in humans that lead to gross variations in responsiveness to exercise, adaptation in mitochondrial networks is central to physical activity, inactivity, and diet. To harness the benefits of exercise for NCDs, much work still needs to be done to improve health effectively on a societal level such as developing personalized exercise interventions aided by advances in high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. We propose that understanding the mitochondrial phenotype according to the molecular information of genotypes, lifestyles, and exercise responsiveness in individuals will optimize exercise effects for prevention of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Cepero-Donates Y, Lacraz G, Ghobadi F, Rakotoarivelo V, Orkhis S, Mayhue M, Chen YG, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Menendez A, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. Interleukin-15-mediated inflammation promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cytokine 2016; 82:102-11. [PMID: 26868085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is essential for the homeostasis of lymphoid cells particularly memory CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. These cells are abundant in the liver, and are implicated in obesity-associated pathogenic processes. Here we characterized obesity-associated metabolic and cellular changes in the liver of mice lacking IL-15 or IL-15Rα. High fat diet-induced accumulation of lipids was diminished in the livers of mice deficient for IL-15 or IL-15Rα. Expression of enzymes involved in the transport of lipids in the liver showed modest differences. More strikingly, the liver tissues of IL15-KO and IL15Rα-KO mice showed decreased expression of chemokines CCl2, CCL5 and CXCL10 and reduced infiltration of mononuclear cells. In vitro, IL-15 stimulation induced chemokine gene expression in wildtype hepatocytes, but not in IL15Rα-deficient hepatocytes. Our results show that IL-15 is implicated in the high fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, leading to fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuneivy Cepero-Donates
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Grégory Lacraz
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sakina Orkhis
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Sheldon RD, Blaize AN, Fletcher JA, Pearson KJ, Donkin S, Newcomer SC, Rector RS. Gestational exercise protects adult male offspring from high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis. J Hepatol 2016; 64:171-8. [PMID: 26325536 PMCID: PMC4691424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mounting evidence indicates that maternal exercise confers protection to adult offspring against various diseases. Here we hypothesized that maternal exercise during gestation would reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in adult rat offspring. METHODS Following conception, pregnant dams were divided into either voluntary wheel running exercise (GE) or wheel-locked sedentary (GS) groups throughout gestation (days 4-21). Post-weaning, offspring received either normal chow diet (CD; 10% fat, 70% carbohydrate, 20% protein) or HFD (45% fat, 35% carbohydrate, and 20% protein) until sacrificed at 4- or 8-months of age. RESULTS GE did not affect offspring birth weight or litter size. HFD feeding in offspring increased weight gain, body fat percentage, and glucose tolerance test area under the curve (GTT-AUC). Male offspring from GE dams had reduced body fat percentage across all ages (p<0.05). In addition, 8-month male offspring from GE dams were protected against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, which was associated with increased markers of hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and TFAM), autophagic potential (ATG12:ATG5 conjugation) and hepatic triacylglycerol secretion (MTTP). CONCLUSIONS The current study provides the first evidence that gestational exercise can reduce susceptibility to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Sheldon
- Department of Nutrution and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
,Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - A. Nicole Blaize
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Justin A. Fletcher
- Department of Nutrution and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
,Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Kevin J. Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Shawn Donkin
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Sean C. Newcomer
- Department of Kinesiology, California State - San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrution and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
,Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Li R, Jia Y, Pan S, Li X, Song H, Zhao R. Glucocorticoid Receptor Mediates the Effect of High-Fat Diet on Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Mouse Liver. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 35:51-8. [PMID: 26479079 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. The relationship between glucocorticoids (GCs) and obesity has also been demonstrated in several researches. Recent research showed that GCs can affect the mitochondrial function. However, the role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. C57BL/6 male mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks were used as a model. The mice were shown to be overweight, together with lower serum and hepatic corticosterone levels. The hepatic expressions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded genes were lower in the HFD mice, same as the mtDNA copy number, ATP content, and COX enzyme activity. Both the translocation of GR (NR3C1) into mitochondria and the binding of GR to the mtDNA were lower in the liver of HFD mice. The PGC1α mRNA expression, protein content, and translocation into mitochondria were also found to be reduced, with the lower GR binding to the promoter region of PGC1α in the liver of HFD mice. GR, as a transcription factor, may take an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the HFD mice by interacting with PGC1α and controlling mtDNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Jia
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Pan
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China .,2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haogang Song
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Jørgensen T, Grunnet N, Quistorff B. One-year high fat diet affects muscle-but not brain mitochondria. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:943-50. [PMID: 25757754 PMCID: PMC4640253 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that few weeks of high fat (HF) diet may induce metabolic disturbances and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the effects of long-term HF exposure and effects on brain mitochondria are unknown. Wistar rats were fed either chow (13E% fat) or HF diet (60E% fat) for 1 year. The HF animals developed obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and dysfunction of isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria: state 3 and state 4 were 30% to 50% increased (P<0.058) with palmitoyl carnitine (PC), while there was no effect with pyruvate as substrate. Adding also succinate in state 3 resulted in a higher substrate control ratio (SCR) with PC, but a lower SCR with pyruvate (P<0.05). The P/O2 ratio was lower with PC (P<0.004). However, similar tests on isolated brain mitochondria from the same animal showed no changes with the substrates relevant for brain (pyruvate and 3-hydroxybutyrate). Thus, long-term HF diet was associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and significantly altered mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Yet, brain mitochondria were unaffected. We suggest that the relative isolation of the brain due to the blood-brain barrier may play a role in this strikingly different phenotype of mitochondria from the two tissues of the same animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grunnet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Quistorff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li Z, Dungan CM, Carrier B, Rideout TC, Williamson DL. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation reduces mTORC1 signaling in skeletal muscle from high fat fed, obese Zucker rats. Lipids 2014; 49:1193-201. [PMID: 25366515 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is hyperactive in liver, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues of obese rodents. Alpha-lipoic acid (αLA) has been well accepted as a weight-loss treatment, though there are limited studies on its effect on mTOR signaling in high-fat fed, obese rodents. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine mTOR signaling and oxidative protein alterations in skeletal muscle of high-fat fed, obese rats after αLA supplementation. Phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and eIF4B were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in muscle from αLA supplemented rats. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an mTOR inhibitory kinase, was higher (p < 0.05) in the αLA group. Protein expression of markers of oxidative metabolism, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after αLA supplementation compared to non-supplemented group. Our findings show that αLA supplementation limits the negative ramifications of consuming a high fat diet on skeletal muscle markers of oxidative metabolism and mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Li
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 2 Sherman Hall (Office)/5 Sherman Hall (Lab), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Morris EM, Jackman MR, Johnson GC, Liu TW, Lopez JL, Kearney ML, Fletcher JA, Meers GME, Koch LG, Britton SL, Rector RS, Ibdah JA, MacLean PS, Thyfault JP. Intrinsic aerobic capacity impacts susceptibility to acute high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E355-64. [PMID: 24961240 PMCID: PMC4137118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic capacity/fitness significantly impacts susceptibility for fatty liver and diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we utilized rats selectively bred for high (HCR) and low (LCR) intrinsic aerobic capacity to examine the mechanisms by which aerobic capacity impacts metabolic vulnerability for fatty liver following a 3-day high-fat diet (HFD). Indirect calorimetry assessment of energy metabolism combined with radiolabeled dietary food was employed to examine systemic metabolism in combination with ex vivo measurements of hepatic lipid oxidation. The LCR, but not HCR, displayed increased hepatic lipid accumulation in response to the HFD despite both groups increasing energy intake. However, LCR rats had a greater increase in energy intake and demonstrated greater daily weight gain and percent body fat due to HFD compared with HCR. Additionally, total energy expenditure was higher in the larger LCR. However, controlling for the difference in body weight, the LCR has lower resting energy expenditure compared with HCR. Importantly, respiratory quotient was significantly higher during the HFD in the LCR compared with HCR, suggesting reduced whole body lipid utilization in the LCR. This was confirmed by the observed lower whole body dietary fatty acid oxidation in LCR compared with HCR. Furthermore, LCR liver homogenate and isolated mitochondria showed lower complete fatty acid oxidation compared with HCR. We conclude that rats bred for low intrinsic aerobic capacity show greater susceptibility for dietary-induced hepatic steatosis, which is associated with a lower energy expenditure and reduced whole body and hepatic mitochondrial lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tzu-Wen Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jordan L Lopez
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Monica L Kearney
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Grace M E Meers
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital-Research Service, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital-Research Service, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Aurora, Colorado; and Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital-Research Service, Columbia, Missouri;
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Xie W, Zhang S, Lei F, Ouyang X, Du L. Ananas comosus L. Leaf Phenols and p-Coumaric Acid Regulate Liver Fat Metabolism by Upregulating CPT-1 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:903258. [PMID: 25197313 PMCID: PMC4145745 DOI: 10.1155/2014/903258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect and action mechanisms of pineapple leaf phenols (PLPs) on liver fat metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Results show that PLP significantly reduced abdominal fat and liver lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. The effects of PLP were comparable with those of FB. Furthermore, at the protein level, PLP upregulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), whereas FB had no effects on CPT-1 compared with the HFD controls. Regarding mRNA expression, PLP mainly promoted the expression of CPT-1, PGC1a, UCP-1, and AMPK in the mitochondria, whereas FB mostly enhanced the expression of Ech1, Acox1, Acaa1, and Ehhadh in peroxisomes. PLP seemed to enhance fat metabolism in the mitochondria, whereas FB mainly exerted the effect in peroxisomes. In addition, p-coumaric acid (CA), one of the main components from PLP, significantly inhibited fat accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. CA also significantly upregulated CPT-1 mRNA and protein expressions in HepG2 cells. We, firstly, found that PLP enhanced liver fat metabolism by upregulating CPT-1 expression in the mitochondria and might be promising in treatment of fatty liver diseases as alternative natural products. CA may be one of the active components of PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xie
- Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Fan Lei
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijun Du
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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