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Jiang ZF, Wu W, Hu HB, Li ZY, Zhong M, Zhang L. P2X7 receptor as the regulator of T-cell function in intestinal barrier disruption. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5265-5279. [PMID: 36185635 PMCID: PMC9521516 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i36.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a highly compartmentalized structure that forms a direct barrier between the host intestine and the environment, and its dysfunction could result in a serious disease. As T cells, which are important components of the mucosal immune system, interact with gut microbiota and maintain intestinal homeostasis, they may be involved in the process of intestinal barrier dysfunction. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a member of the P2X receptors family, mediates the effects of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and is expressed by most innate or adaptive immune cells, including T cells. Current evidence has demonstrated that P2X7R is involved in inflammation and mediates the survival and differentiation of T lymphocytes, indicating its potential role in the regulation of T cell function. In this review, we summarize the available research about the regulatory role and mechanism of P2X7R on the intestinal mucosa-derived T cells in the setting of intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Jiang
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han-Bing Hu
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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2
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Jensen O, Trivedi S, Li K, Aubé J, Hale JS, Ryan ET, Leung DT. Use of a MAIT-Activating Ligand, 5-OP-RU, as a Mucosal Adjuvant in a Murine Model of Vibrio cholerae O1 Vaccination. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:122-144. [PMID: 36072570 PMCID: PMC9438945 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i1.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells enriched in the mucosa with capacity for B-cell help. We hypothesize that targeting MAIT cells, using a MAIT-activating ligand as an adjuvant, could improve mucosal vaccine responses to bacterial pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae. Methods We utilized murine models of V. cholerae vaccination to test the adjuvant potential of the MAIT-activating ligand, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU). We measured V. cholerae-specific antibody and antibody-secreting cell responses and used flow cytometry to examine MAIT-cell and B-cell phenotype, in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mucosal tissues, following intranasal vaccination with live V. cholerae O1 or a V. cholerae O1 polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. Results We report significant expansion of MAIT cells in the lungs (P < 0.001) and BALF (P < 0.001) of 5-OP-RU treated mice, and higher mucosal (BALF, P = 0.045) but not systemic (serum, P = 0.21) V. cholerae O-specific-polysaccharide IgG responses in our conjugate vaccine model when adjuvanted with low-dose 5-OP-RU. In contrast, despite significant MAIT cell expansion, no significant differences in V. cholerae-specific humoral responses were found in our live V. cholerae vaccination model. Conclusions Using a murine model, we demonstrate the potential, as well as the limitations, of targeting MAIT cells to improve antibody responses to mucosal cholera vaccines. Our study highlights the need for future research optimizing MAIT-cell targeting for improving mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Jensen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - J. Scott Hale
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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3
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Zhong F, Lin Y, Jing X, Ye Y, Wang S, Shen Z. Innate tumor killers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 527:115-126. [PMID: 34952144 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) improves the prognosis of CRC patients, but it is still intractable to control the progression of metastatic CRC. Immune microenvironment and immunotherapies of CRC have received extensive attention in recent years, but present immunotherapies of CRC have mainly focused on T cells and therapeutic response is only observed in a small proportion of patients. Innate immune cells are the first-line of defense in the development of malignancies. Natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells and γδT cells are three types of innate cells of lymphoid origin and show cytotoxicity against various tumor cells including CRC. Besides, in the development of CRC, they can also be inhibited or express regulatory type, promoting tumor progression. Researches about anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic mechanisms of these cells are ongoing and regulation of these cells is also being unearthed. Meanwhile, immunotherapies using these cells more or less have shown efficacy in animal models and some of them are under exploration in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of intrinsic properties of NK cell, NKT cell and γδT cell, and summarizes current related promising treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Jing
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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4
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Tan J, Ni D, Ribeiro RV, Pinget GV, Macia L. How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:823. [PMID: 33801480 PMCID: PMC7999246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gabriela V. Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Swieboda D, Guo Y, Sagawe S, Thwaites RS, Nadel S, Openshaw PJM, Culley FJ. OMIP-062: A 14-Color, 16-Antibody Panel for Immunophenotyping Human Innate Lymphoid, Myeloid and T Cells in Small Volumes of Whole Blood and Pediatric Airway Samples. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1231-1235. [PMID: 31633878 PMCID: PMC6972618 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Swieboda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Yanping Guo
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Sagawe
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Nadel
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Fiona J Culley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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6
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VanderLaan PA, Reardon CA, Cabana VG, Wang CR, Getz GS. Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells and Total CD1d Restricted Cells Differentially Influence Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis in Low Density Receptor Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184566. [PMID: 31540125 PMCID: PMC6770011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct subset of lymphocytes that bridge the innate and adaptive immune response and can be divided into type I invariant NKT cells (iNKT) and type II NKT cells. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of NKT cell on lipid metabolism and the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient (LDLR−/−) mice. Mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 4 or 8 weeks and plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis were measured. The selective absence of iNKT cells in Jα18−/−LDLR−/− mice led to an increase in plasma cholesterol levels in female mice. Transgenic Vα14tg/LDLR−/− mice with elevated numbers of iNKT cells had increased late atherosclerosis of the innominate artery, though absence of either iNKT cells or all NKT cells and other CD1d expressing cells had varying effects on atherosclerotic lesion burden in the ascending aortic arch and aortic root. These studies not only highlight the potential modulatory role played by NKT cells in atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism, but also raise the possibility that divergent roles may be played by iNKT and CD1d restricted cells such as type II NKT cells or other CD1d expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are an innate-like T cell subset that expresses an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognizes lipids presented on CD1d. They secrete diverse cytokines and can influence many types of immune responses. Despite having highly similar TCR specificities, iNKT cells differentiate in the thymus into distinct subsets that are analogous to T helper 1 (TH1), TH2 and TH17 cell subsets. Additional iNKT cell subsets that may require peripheral activation have also been described, including one that produces IL-10. In general, iNKT cells are non-circulating, tissue-resident lymphocytes, but the prevalence of different iNKT cell subsets differs markedly between tissues. Here, we summarize the functions of iNKT cells in four tissues in which they are prevalent, namely, the liver, the lungs, adipose tissue and the intestine. Importantly, we explain how local iNKT cell responses at each site contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from infection but can also contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.
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8
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Liu Q, Kim CH. Control of Tissue-Resident Invariant NKT Cells by Vitamin A Metabolites and P2X7-Mediated Cell Death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1189-1197. [PMID: 31308092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells provide rapid innate T cell responses to glycolipid Ags from host cells and microbes. The numbers of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are tightly controlled in mucosal tissues, but the mechanisms have been largely unclear. We found that vitamin A is a dominant factor that controls the population size of mucosal iNKT cells in mice. This negative regulation is mediated by the induction of the purinergic receptor P2X7 on iNKT cells. The expression of P2X7 is particularly high on intestinal iNKT cells, making iNKT cells highly susceptible to P2X7-mediated cell death. In vitamin A deficiency, iNKT cells fail to express P2X7 and are, therefore, resistant to P2X7-mediated cell death, leading to iNKT cell overpopulation. This phenomenon is most prominent in the intestine. We found that iNKT cells are divided into CD69+ sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1)- tissue resident and CD69- S1P1+ nonresident iNKT cells. The CD69+ S1P1- tissue-resident iNKT cells highly express P2X7 and are effectively controlled by the P2X7 pathway. The regulation of iNKT cells by vitamin A by the P2X7 pathway is important to prevent aberrant expansion of effector cytokine-producing iNKT cells. Our findings identify a novel role of vitamin A in regulating iNKT cell homeostasis in many tissues throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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9
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Natural killer T cells and ulcerative colitis. Cell Immunol 2018; 335:1-5. [PMID: 30638678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are aberrant in IBD. The pathogenesis of UC includes abnormal inflammation and immune responses of the digestive tract. Natural killer T (NKT) cells participate in the innate and adaptive immune responses, together with a vast array of cytokines. Recent studies suggested that IL-13, IL5 and IL-4 are involved in the occurrence and the development of UC. Manipulating NKT cells may be a potential strategy to reconstruct the abnormal immune responses in UC. In this review, we explore the roles of NKT cells and cytokines in UC. Additionally, neutralizing antibodies and inhibitors of cytokines produced by NKT cells or their receptors are also discussed as novel therapeutic choices for UC.
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10
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Hapil FZ, Wingender G. The interaction between invariant Natural Killer T cells and the mucosal microbiota. Immunology 2018; 155:164-175. [PMID: 29893412 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of mammalian bodies is colonized by a multitude of microbial organisms, which under normal conditions support the host and are considered beneficial commensals. This requires, however, that the composition of the commensal microbiota is tightly controlled and regulated. The host immune system plays an important role in the maintenance of this microbiota composition. Here we focus on the contribution of one particular immune cell type, invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, in this process. The iNKT cells are a unique subset of T cells characterized by two main features. First, they express an invariant T-cell receptor that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule. Second, iNKT cells develop as effector/memory cells and swiftly exert effector functions, like cytokine production and cytotoxicity, after activation. We outline the influence that the mucosal microbiota can have on iNKT cells, and how iNKT cells contribute to the maintenance of the microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
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11
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Krijgsman D, Hokland M, Kuppen PJK. The Role of Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer-A Phenotypical and Functional Approach. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535734 PMCID: PMC5835336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells can be subdivided into functional subsets that respond rapidly to a wide variety of glycolipids and stress-related proteins using T- or natural killer (NK) cell-like effector mechanisms. Because of their major modulating effects on immune responses via secretion of cytokines, NKT cells are also considered important players in tumor immunosurveillance. During early tumor development, T helper (TH)1-like NKT cell subsets have the potential to rapidly stimulate tumor-specific T cells and effector NK cells that can eliminate tumor cells. In case of tumor progression, NKT cells may become overstimulated and anergic leading to deletion of a part of the NKT cell population in patients via activation-induced cell death. In addition, the remaining NKT cells become hyporesponsive, or switch to immunosuppressive TH2-/T regulatory-like NKT cell subsets, thereby facilitating tumor progression and immune escape. In this review, we discuss this important role of NKT cells in tumor development and we conclude that there should be three important focuses of future research in cancer patients in relation with NKT cells: (1) expansion of the NKT cell population, (2) prevention and breaking of NKT cell anergy, and (3) skewing of NKT cells toward TH1-like subsets with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Krijgsman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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12
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Sag D, Özkan M, Kronenberg M, Wingender G. Improved Detection of Cytokines Produced by Invariant NKT Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16607. [PMID: 29192280 PMCID: PMC5709402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural killer T (iNKT) cells rapidly produce copious amounts of multiple cytokines after in vivo activation, allowing for the direct detection of a number of cytokines directly ex vivo. However, for some cytokines this approach is suboptimal. Here, we report technical variations that allow the improved detection of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A ex vivo. Furthermore, we describe an alternative approach for stimulation of iNKT cells in vitro that allows a significantly improved detection of cytokines produced by iNKT cells. Together, these protocols allow the detection of iNKT cell cytokines ex vivo and in vitro with increased sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Müge Özkan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey. .,La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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13
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Happel AU, Jaumdally SZ, Pidwell T, Cornelius T, Jaspan HB, Froissart R, Barnabas SL, Passmore JAS. Probiotics for vaginal health in South Africa: what is on retailers' shelves? BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28103868 PMCID: PMC5248517 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are widely used to improve gastrointestinal (GI) health, but they may also be useful to prevent or treat gynaecological disorders, including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis. BV prevalence is high in South Africa and is associated with increased HIV risk and pregnancy complications. We aimed to assess the availability of probiotics for vaginal health in retail stores (pharmacies, supermarkets and health stores) in two major cities in South Africa. METHODS A two-stage cluster sampling strategy was used in the Durban and Cape Town metropoles. Instructions for use, microbial composition, dose, storage and manufacturers' details were recorded. RESULTS A total of 104 unique probiotics were identified in Cape Town and Durban (66.4% manufactured locally). Cape Town had more products than Durban (94 versus 59 probiotics), although 47% were common between cities (49/104). Only four products were explicitly for vaginal health. The remainder were for GI health in adults (51.0%) or infants (17.3%). The predominant species seen overall included Lactobacillus acidophilus (53.5%), L. rhamnosus (37.6%), Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum (35.6%) and B. animalis ssp. lactis (33.7%). Products for vaginal health contained only common GI probiotic species, with a combination of L. acidophilus/B. longum ssp. longum/B. bifidum, L. rhamnosus/L. reuteri or L. rhamnosus alone, despite L. crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii being the most common commensals found in the lower female reproductive tract. CONCLUSION This survey highlights the paucity of vaginal probiotics available in South Africa, where vaginal dysbiosis is common. Most vaginal products contained organisms other than female genital tract commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Ursula Happel
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,UMR 5290 MIVEGEC, CNRS IRD Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shameem Z Jaumdally
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,CAPRISA DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in HIV Prevention, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanya Pidwell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Cornelius
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather B Jaspan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Remy Froissart
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC, CNRS IRD Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaun L Barnabas
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. .,CAPRISA DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in HIV Prevention, Cape Town, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa.
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14
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Zhang J, Bedel R, Krovi SH, Tuttle KD, Zhang B, Gross J, Gapin L, Matsuda JL. Mutation of the Traj18 gene segment using TALENs to generate Natural Killer T cell deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27375. [PMID: 27256918 PMCID: PMC4891675 DOI: 10.1038/srep27375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that have been implicated in both promoting and suppressing a multitude of immune responses. In mice, iNKT cells express T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) comprising a unique TCRα rearrangement between the Trav11 and Traj18 gene segments. When paired with certain Trbv TCRβ chains, these TCRs recognize lipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, CD1d. Until recently, the sole model of iNKT deficiency targeted the Jα18, which is absolutely required to form the TCR with the appropriate antigenic specificity. However, these mice were demonstrated to have a large reduction in TCR repertoire diversity, which could confound results arising from studies using these mice. Here, we have created a new NKT-deficient mouse strain using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology to only disrupt the expression of Jα18, leaving the remaining Jα repertoire unperturbed. We confirm that these mice lack iNKT cells and do not respond to lipid antigen stimulation while the development of conventional T cells, regulatory T cells, and type Ib NKT cells is normal. This new mouse strain will serve as a new model of iNKT cell deficiency to facilitate our understanding of iNKT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - Romain Bedel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - S Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kathryn D Tuttle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - James Gross
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jennifer L Matsuda
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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15
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From the Deep Sea to Everywhere: Environmental Antigens for iNKT Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:291-8. [PMID: 26703211 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of innate T cells that share features with innate NK cells and adaptive memory T cells. The first iNKT cell antigen described was found 1993 in a marine sponge and it took over 10 years for other, bacterial antigens to be described. Given the paucity of known bacterial iNKT cell antigens, it appeared as if iNKT cells play a very specialist role in the protection against few, rare and unusual pathogenic bacteria. However, in the last few years several publications painted a very different picture, suggesting that antigens for iNKT cells are found almost ubiquitous in the environment. These environmental iNKT cell antigens can shape the distribution, phenotype and function of iNKT cells. Here, these recent findings will be reviewed and their implications for the field will be outlined.
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16
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Wingender G, Kronenberg M. OMIP-030: Characterization of human T cell subsets via surface markers. Cytometry A 2015; 87:1067-9. [PMID: 26506224 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wingender
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037
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17
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Increased Intraepithelial Vα24 Invariant NKT Cells in the Celiac Duodenum. Nutrients 2015; 7:8960-76. [PMID: 26529008 PMCID: PMC4663572 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an interferon (IFN)γ-mediated duodenal hypersensitivity to wheat gluten occurring in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten-free diet (GFD) leads to a complete remission of the disease. Vα24-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are important to maintain immune homeostasis in the gut mucosa because of their unique capacity to rapidly produce large quantities of both T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines upon stimulation. We studied the presence of these cells in the CD duodenum. Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 45 untreated-CD patients (uCD), 15 Gluten Free Diet-CD patients (GFD-CD), 44 non-inflamed non-CD controls (C-controls) and 15 inflamed non-CD controls (I-controls). Two populations from Spain and Argentina were recruited. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Vα24-Jα18 (invariant TCRα chain of human iNKT cells), IFNγ and intracellular transcription factor Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3), and flow cytometry intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) profile were determined. Both uCD and GFD-CD patients had higher Vα24-Jα18 mRNA levels than non-CD controls (I and C-controls). The expression of Vα24-Jα18 correlated with Marsh score for the severity of mucosal lesion and also with increased mRNA IFNγ levels. uCD and GFD-CD patients had decreased mRNA expression of FoxP3 but increased expression of Vα24-Jα18, which revealed a CD-like molecular profile. Increased numbers of iNKT cells were confirmed by flow cytometry within the intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment of uCD and GFD-CD patients and correlated with Vα24-Jα18 mRNA expression. In conclusion, we have found an increased number of iNKT cells in the duodenum from both uCD and GFD-CD patients, irrespective of the mucosal status. A CD-like molecular profile, defined by an increased mRNA expression of Vα24-Jα18 together with a decreased expression of FoxP3, may represent a pro-inflammatory signature of the CD duodenum.
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18
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Wingender G, Birkholz AM, Sag D, Farber E, Chitale S, Howell AR, Kronenberg M. Selective Conditions Are Required for the Induction of Invariant NKT Cell Hyporesponsiveness by Antigenic Stimulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3838-48. [PMID: 26355152 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of invariant (i)NKT cells with the model Ag α-galactosylceramide induces rapid production of multiple cytokines, impacting a wide variety of different immune reactions. In contrast, following secondary activation with α-galactosylceramide, the behavior of iNKT cells is altered for months, with the production of most cytokines being strongly reduced. The requirements for the induction of this hyporesponsive state, however, remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that Th1-biasing iNKT cell Ags could induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness, as long as a minimum antigenic affinity was reached. In contrast, the Th2-biasing Ag OCH did not induce a hyporesponsive state, nor did cytokine-driven iNKT cell activation by LPS or infections. Furthermore, although dendritic cells and B cells have been reported to be essential for iNKT cell stimulation, neither dendritic cells nor B cells were required to induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, our data indicate that whereas some bone marrow-derived cells could induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness, selective conditions, dependent on the structure and potency of the Ag, were required to induce hyporesponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wingender
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Alysia M Birkholz
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey; Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Elisa Farber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Sampada Chitale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Amy R Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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19
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Wen X, Kim S, Xiong R, Li M, Lawrenczyk A, Huang X, Chen SY, Rao P, Besra GS, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Porcelli SA, Akbari O, Exley MA, Yuan W. A Subset of CD8αβ+ Invariant NKT Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:1459-69. [PMID: 26157173 PMCID: PMC4530047 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells demonstrating potent antitumor function in conventional mouse models. However, the iNKT cell ligands have had limited efficacy in human antitumor clinical trials, mostly due to the profound differences in the properties and compositions of iNKT cells between the two species, including the presence of a CD8(+) subset of iNKT cells only in humans. To build reliable in vivo models for studying human iNKT cells, we recently developed the first humanized mouse model (hCD1d-KI) with human CD1d knocked in. To further humanize the mouse model, we now introduced the human invariant NKT TCRα-chain (Vα24Jα18) into the hCD1d-knockin mice. Similar to humans, this humanized mouse model developed a subset of CD8αβ(+) iNKT cells among other human-like iNKT subsets. The presence of the CD8αβ(+) iNKT cells in the thymus suggests that these cells developed in the thymus. In the periphery, these NKT cells showed a strong Th1-biased cytokine response and potent cytotoxicity for syngeneic tumor cells upon activation, as do human CD8αβ(+) iNKT cells. The low binding avidity of iNKT TCRs to the human CD1d/lipid complex and high prevalence of Vβ7 TCRβ among the CD8(+) iNKT cells strongly point to a low avidity-based developmental program for these iNKT cells, which included the suppression of Th-POK and upregulation of eomesodermin transcriptional factors. Our establishment of this extensively humanized mouse model phenotypically and functionally reflecting the human CD1d/iNKT TCR system will greatly facilitate the future design and optimization of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Wen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Seil Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ran Xiong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Michelle Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Agnieszka Lawrenczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ping Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Mark A Exley
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom; and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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20
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21
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Kronenberg M, Lantz O. Mucosal-Resident T Lymphocytes with Invariant Antigen Receptors. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Onitake T, Ueno Y, Tanaka S, Sagami S, Hayashi R, Nagai K, Hide M, Chayama K. Pulverized konjac glucomannan ameliorates oxazolone-induced colitis in mice. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:959-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Abstract
The intestine represents the largest compartment of the immune system. It is continually exposed to antigens and immunomodulatory agents from the diet and the commensal microbiota, and it is the port of entry for many clinically important pathogens. Intestinal immune processes are also increasingly implicated in controlling disease development elsewhere in the body. In this Review, we detail the anatomical and physiological distinctions that are observed in the small and large intestines, and we suggest how these may account for the diversity in the immune apparatus that is seen throughout the intestine. We describe how the distribution of innate, adaptive and innate-like immune cells varies in different segments of the intestine and discuss the environmental factors that may influence this. Finally, we consider the implications of regional immune specialization for inflammatory disease in the intestine.
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24
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Sag D, Krause P, Hedrick CC, Kronenberg M, Wingender G. IL-10-producing NKT10 cells are a distinct regulatory invariant NKT cell subset. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3725-40. [PMID: 25061873 DOI: 10.1172/jci72308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells rapidly produce copious amounts of multiple cytokines after activation, thereby impacting a wide variety of different immune reactions. However, strong activation of iNKT cells with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) reportedly induces a hyporeactive state that resembles anergy. In contrast, we determined here that iNKT cells from mice pretreated with αGalCer retain cytotoxic activity and maintain the ability to respond to TCR-dependent as well as TCR-independent cytokine-mediated stimulation. Additionally, αGalCer-pretreated iNKT cells acquired characteristics of regulatory cells, including production and secretion of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Through the production of IL-10, αGalCer-pretreated iNKT cells impaired antitumor responses and reduced disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of autoimmune disease. Furthermore, a subset of iNKT cells with a similar inhibitory phenotype and function were present in mice not exposed to αGalCer and were enriched in mouse adipose tissue and detectable in human PBMCs. These data demonstrate that IL-10-producing iNKT cells with regulatory potential (NKT10 cells) represent a distinct iNKT cell subset.
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25
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Olszak T, Neves JF, Dowds CM, Baker K, Glickman J, Davidson NO, Lin CS, Jobin C, Brand S, Sotlar K, Wada K, Katayama K, Nakajima A, Mizuguchi H, Kawasaki K, Nagata K, Müller W, Snapper SB, Schreiber S, Kaser A, Zeissig S, Blumberg RS. Protective mucosal immunity mediated by epithelial CD1d and IL-10. Nature 2014; 509:497-502. [PMID: 24717441 PMCID: PMC4132962 DOI: 10.1038/nature13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which mucosal homeostasis is maintained are of central importance to inflammatory bowel disease. Critical to these processes is the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC), which regulates immune responses at the interface between the commensal microbiota and the host. CD1d presents self and microbial lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis of colitis in animal models and human inflammatory bowel disease. As CD1d crosslinking on model IECs results in the production of the important regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 (ref. 9), decreased epithelial CD1d expression--as observed in inflammatory bowel disease--may contribute substantially to intestinal inflammation. Here we show in mice that whereas bone-marrow-derived CD1d signals contribute to NKT-cell-mediated intestinal inflammation, engagement of epithelial CD1d elicits protective effects through the activation of STAT3 and STAT3-dependent transcription of IL-10, heat shock protein 110 (HSP110; also known as HSP105), and CD1d itself. All of these epithelial elements are critically involved in controlling CD1d-mediated intestinal inflammation. This is demonstrated by severe NKT-cell-mediated colitis upon IEC-specific deletion of IL-10, CD1d, and its critical regulator microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), as well as deletion of HSP110 in the radioresistant compartment. Our studies thus uncover a novel pathway of IEC-dependent regulation of mucosal homeostasis and highlight a critical role of IL-10 in the intestinal epithelium, with broad implications for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Olszak
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
| | - Joana F Neves
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
| | - C Marie Dowds
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany [2]
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Glickman
- GI Pathology, Miraca Life Sciences, Newton, Massachusetts 02464, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II-Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunito Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Scott B Snapper
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany [3]
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
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26
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Role of type 1 natural killer T cells in pulmonary immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:1054-67. [PMID: 24104457 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal sites are populated by a multitude of innate lymphoid cells and "innate-like" T lymphocytes expressing semiconserved T-cell receptors. Among the latter group, interest in type I natural killer T (NKT) cells has gained considerable momentum over the last decade. Exposure to NKT cell antigens is likely to occur continuously at mucosal sites. For this reason, and as they rapidly respond to stress-induced environmental cytokines, NKT cells are important contributors to immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we review the dual role of mucosal NKT cells during immune responses and pathologies with a particular focus on the lungs. Their role during pulmonary acute and chronic inflammation and respiratory infections is outlined. Whether NKT cells might provide a future attractive therapeutic target for treating human respiratory diseases is discussed.
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27
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Abstract
CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct subset of T cells that rapidly produce an array of cytokines on activation and play a critical role in regulating various immune responses. NKT cells are classified into 2 groups based on differences in T-cell receptor usage. Type I NKT cells have an invariant T-cell receptor α-chain and are readily detectable by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-loaded CD1d tetramers. Type II NKT cells have a more diverse T-cell receptor repertoire and cannot be directly identified. Both types of NKT cells and multiple CD1d-expressing cell types are present in the intestine, and their interactions are likely to be modulated by pathogenic and commensal microbes, which in turn contribute to the intestinal immune responses in health and disease. Indeed, in several animal models of inflammatory bowel disease, type I NKT cells have been shown to make both protective and pathogenic contributions to disease. In contrast, in patients with ulcerative colitis, and a mouse model in which both CD1d expression and the frequency of type II NKT cells are increased, type II NKT cells seem to promote intestinal inflammation. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the antigen recognition, activation, and function of NKT cells with a particular focus on their role in inflammatory bowel disease and discuss factors that may influence the functional outcome of NKT cell responses in intestinal inflammation.
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28
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Montbarbon M, Pichavant M, Langlois A, Erdual E, Maggiotto F, Neut C, Mallevaey T, Dharancy S, Dubuquoy L, Trottein F, Cortot A, Desreumaux P, Gosset P, Bertin B. Colonic inflammation in mice is improved by cigarette smoke through iNKT cells recruitment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62208. [PMID: 23638007 PMCID: PMC3636205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) protects against intestinal inflammation during ulcerative colitis. Immunoregulatory mechanisms sustaining this effect remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CS on experimental colitis and to characterize the intestinal inflammatory response at the cellular and molecular levels. Using the InExpose® System, a smoking device accurately reproducing human smoking habit, we pre-exposed C57BL/6 mice for 2 weeks to CS, and then we induced colitis by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). This system allowed us to demonstrate that CS exposure improved colonic inflammation (significant decrease in clinical score, body weight loss and weight/length colonic ratio). This improvement was associated with a significant decrease in colonic proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokine expression, as compared to unexposed mice (TNF (p=0.0169), IFNγ (p<0.0001), and IL-17 (p=0.0008)). Smoke exposure also induced an increased expression of IL-10 mRNA (p=0.0035) and a marked recruitment of iNKT (invariant Natural Killer T; CD45+ TCRβ+ CD1d tetramer+) cells in the colon of DSS-untreated mice. Demonstration of the role of iNKT cells in CS-dependent colitis improvement was performed using two different strains of NKT cells deficient mice. Indeed, in Jα18KO and CD1dKO animals, CS exposure failed to induce significant regulation of DSS-induced colitis both at the clinical and molecular levels. Thus, our study demonstrates that iNKT cells are pivotal actors in the CS-dependent protection of the colon. These results highlight the role of intestinal iNKT lymphocytes and their responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Targeting iNKT cells would represent a new therapeutic way for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Montbarbon
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- LI3- Team 8, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Langlois
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Edmone Erdual
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
| | - François Maggiotto
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Christel Neut
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
- UDSL, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lille, France
| | | | - Sébastien Dharancy
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- LI3- Team 8, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Cortot
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- LI3- Team 8, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Bertin
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France
- UDSL, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lille, France
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Strodthoff D, Lundberg AM, Agardh HE, Ketelhuth DFJ, Paulsson-Berne G, Arner P, Hansson GK, Gerdes N. Lack of invariant natural killer T cells affects lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1189-96. [PMID: 23520162 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory condition in adipose tissue (AT). Impairment of insulin sensitivity coincides with infiltration of T cells into AT in early stages of obesity, when macrophages are not yet present. Here, we examine the role of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a subtype of T cells activated by lipid antigens, on glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. APPROACH AND RESULTS Jα18(-/-) mice, specifically lacking iNKT cells, and wild-type mice consumed a chow or high-fat diet for 10 weeks. One third of all T lymphocytes in the liver of wild-type mice were iNKT cells, whereas few were detected in AT. Diet-induced obesity increased blood glucose in both genotypes of mice, whereas glucose tolerance test revealed similar kinetics of glucose clearance in Jα18(-/-) and wild-type mice. Under obese conditions, expression of inflammatory cytokines in AT did not differ between the groups, although the number of T cells and macrophages was lower in Jα18(-/-) mice. Nonetheless, AT homeostasis in Jα18(-/-) mice was altered evidenced by lower AT weight, smaller adipocytes, accelerated lipogenesis, increased expression of hormone-sensitive lipase, and accelerated basal lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS iNKT cells do not affect glucose clearance but rather modulate lipid metabolism in both liver and AT. Only few iNKT cells are found in AT under lean and obese conditions, suggesting that their effects on lipid metabolism are mainly mediated in the liver, their primary host organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strodthoff
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wingender G, Stepniak D, Krebs P, Lin L, McBride S, Wei B, Braun J, Mazmanian SK, Kronenberg M. Intestinal microbes affect phenotypes and functions of invariant natural killer T cells in mice. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:418-28. [PMID: 22522092 PMCID: PMC3404247 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells undergo canonical, Vα14-Jα18 rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in mice; this form of the TCR recognizes glycolipids presented by CD1d. iNKT cells mediate many different immune reactions. Their constitutive activated and memory phenotype and rapid initiation of effector functions after stimulation indicate previous antigen-specific stimulation. However, little is known about this process. We investigated whether symbiotic microbes can determine the activated phenotype and function of iNKT cells. METHODS We analyzed the numbers, phenotypes, and functions of iNKT cells in germ-free mice, germ-free mice reconstituted with specified bacteria, and mice housed in specific pathogen-free environments. RESULTS Specific pathogen-free mice, obtained from different vendors, have different intestinal microbiota. iNKT cells isolated from these mice differed in TCR Vβ7 frequency and cytokine response to antigen, which depended on the environment. iNKT cells isolated from germ-free mice had a less mature phenotype and were hyporesponsive to activation with the antigen α-galactosylceramide. Intragastric exposure of germ-free mice to Sphingomonas bacteria, which carry iNKT cell antigens, fully established phenotypic maturity of iNKT cells. In contrast, reconstitution with Escherichia coli, which lack specific antigens for iNKT cells, did not affect the phenotype of iNKT cells. The effects of intestinal microbes on iNKT cell responsiveness did not require Toll-like receptor signals, which can activate iNKT cells independently of TCR stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal microbes can affect iNKT cell phenotypes and functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wingender
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dariusz Stepniak
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave; CHS 13-222, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sara McBride
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Bl., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave; CHS 13-222, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave; CHS 13-222, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sarkis K. Mazmanian
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Bl., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Author for correspondence: La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, San Diego, CA, 92037, Tel: (858) 752- 6540, Fax: (858) 752-6990, , URL: http://www.liai.org
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Paget C, Ivanov S, Fontaine J, Renneson J, Blanc F, Pichavant M, Dumoutier L, Ryffel B, Renauld JC, Gosset P, Gosset P, Si-Tahar M, Faveeuw C, Trottein F. Interleukin-22 is produced by invariant natural killer T lymphocytes during influenza A virus infection: potential role in protection against lung epithelial damages. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8816-29. [PMID: 22294696 PMCID: PMC3308738 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.304758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are non-conventional lipid-reactive αβ T lymphocytes that play a key role in host responses during viral infections, in particular through the swift production of cytokines. Their beneficial role during experimental influenza A virus (IAV) infection has recently been proposed, although the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here we show that during in vivo IAV infection, mouse pulmonary iNKT cells produce IFN-γ and IL-22, a Th17-related cytokine critical in mucosal immunity. Although permissive to viral replication, IL-22 production by iNKT cells is not due to IAV infection per se of these cells but is indirectly mediated by IAV-infected dendritic cells (DCs). We show that activation of the viral RNA sensors TLR7 and RIG-I in DCs is important for triggering IL-22 secretion by iNKT cells, whereas the NOD-like receptors NOD2 and NLRP3 are dispensable. Invariant NKT cells respond to IL-1β and IL-23 provided by infected DCs independently of the CD1d molecule to release IL-22. In vitro, IL-22 protects IAV-infected airway epithelial cells against mortality but has no role on viral replication. Finally, during early IAV infection, IL-22 plays a positive role in the control of lung epithelial damages. Overall, IAV infection of DCs activates iNKT cells, providing a rapid source of IL-22 that might be beneficial to preserve the lung epithelium integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Paget
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Josette Fontaine
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Joelle Renneson
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Fany Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U874, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR 6218, Molecular Immunology and Embryology, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France, and
| | - Jean Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gosset
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Hopital Saint Vincent, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, F-59020 Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U874, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59021 Lille France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
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Yoshioka K, Ueno Y, Tanaka S, Nagai K, Onitake T, Hanaoka R, Watanabe H, Chayama K. Role of natural killer T cells in the mouse colitis-associated colon cancer model. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:16-26. [PMID: 21815907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are considered innate-like lymphocytes, and regulate the immunity against inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the impact of iNKT cells in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the physiological role of iNKT cells in a mouse colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. C57BL/6 (B6) and Jα18 NKT cell-deficient KO (KO) mice were used. Colitis-associated colorectal cancer was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The resulting inflammation and tumours were examined. The surface markers of mononuclear cells from the liver and the colon were assessed by FACS. The levels of IL-13 from the colon were measured by ELISA. α-galactosylceramide (GC), or its close analog OCH, was administered intraperitoneally on the first day of each cycle of DSS-administration. In the AOM/DSS model, hepatic iNKT cells were significantly decreased. In KO mice there were significantly greater numbers of colon tumours and more severe inflammation than in B6 mice. FACS analysis revealed that the population of NK1.1 (+) T cells (non-invariant NKT cells) in the colon was increased when compared to B6 mice. The secretion of IL-13 was increased in the colon of KO mice after AOM/DSS. The number of colon tumours was significantly decreased in the GC-treated group compared to the control group. GC-treatment significantly inhibited IL-13 secretion from the colonic mononuclear cells and the number of colonic NK1.1 (+) T cells was significantly decreased. These results suggest that iNKT cells may play a critical role in the prevention of tumour progression and inflammation in the AOM/DSS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshioka
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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33
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Getz GS, Vanderlaan PA, Reardon CA. Natural killer T cells in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:814-9. [PMID: 21946866 DOI: 10.1160/th11-05-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system participate in the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of medium and large arteries. Natural killer T (NKT) cells express surface markers characteristic of natural killer cells and conventional T cells and bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. The development and activation of NKT cells is dependent upon CD1d, a MHC-class I-type molecule that presents lipids, especially glycolipids to the T cell receptors on NKT cells. There are two classes of NKT cells; invariant NKT cells that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor and variant NKT cells. This review summarises studies in murine models in which the effect of the activation, overexpression or deletion of NKT cells or only invariant NKT cells on atherosclerosis has been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Getz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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34
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Werner JM, Busl E, Farkas SA, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Hornung M. DX5+NKT cells display phenotypical and functional differences between spleen and liver as well as NK1.1-Balb/c and NK1.1+ C57Bl/6 mice. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:26. [PMID: 21529347 PMCID: PMC3097004 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer T cells represent a linkage between innate and adaptive immunity. They are a heterogeneous population of specialized T lymphocytes composed of different subsets. DX5+NKT cells are characterized by expression of the NK cell marker DX5 in the context of CD3. However, little is known about the phenotype and functional capacity of this unique cell population. Therefore, we investigated the expression of several T cell and NK cell markers, as well as functional parameters in spleen and liver subsets of DX5+NKT cells in NK1.1- Balb/c mice and compared our findings to NK1.1+ C57Bl/6 mice. RESULTS In the spleen 34% of DX5+NKT cells expressed CD62L and they up-regulated the functional receptors CD154 as well as CD178 upon activation. In contrast, only a few liver DX5+NKT cells expressed CD62L, and they did not up-regulate CD154 upon activation. A further difference between spleen and liver subsets was observed in cytokine production. Spleen DX5+NKT cells produced more Th1 cytokines including IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, while liver DX5+NKT cells secreted more Th2 cytokines (e.g. IL-4) and even the Th17 cytokine, IL-17a. Furthermore, we found inter-strain differences. In NK1.1+ C57Bl/6 mice DX5+NKT cells represented a distinct T cell population expressing less CD4 and more CD8. Accordingly, these cells showed a CD178 and Th2-type functional capacity upon activation. CONCLUSION These results show that DX5+NKT cells are a heterogeneous population, depending on the dedicated organ and mouse strain, that has diverse functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens M Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Meehan TF, Masci AM, Abdulla A, Cowell LG, Blake JA, Mungall CJ, Diehl AD. Logical development of the cell ontology. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:6. [PMID: 21208450 PMCID: PMC3024222 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Cell Ontology (CL) is an ontology for the representation of in vivo cell types. As biological ontologies such as the CL grow in complexity, they become increasingly difficult to use and maintain. By making the information in the ontology computable, we can use automated reasoners to detect errors and assist with classification. Here we report on the generation of computable definitions for the hematopoietic cell types in the CL. Results Computable definitions for over 340 CL classes have been created using a genus-differentia approach. These define cell types according to multiple axes of classification such as the protein complexes found on the surface of a cell type, the biological processes participated in by a cell type, or the phenotypic characteristics associated with a cell type. We employed automated reasoners to verify the ontology and to reveal mistakes in manual curation. The implementation of this process exposed areas in the ontology where new cell type classes were needed to accommodate species-specific expression of cellular markers. Our use of reasoners also inferred new relationships within the CL, and between the CL and the contributing ontologies. This restructured ontology can be used to identify immune cells by flow cytometry, supports sophisticated biological queries involving cells, and helps generate new hypotheses about cell function based on similarities to other cell types. Conclusion Use of computable definitions enhances the development of the CL and supports the interoperability of OBO ontologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence F Meehan
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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36
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Novak J, Lehuen A. Mechanism of regulation of autoimmunity by iNKT cells. Cytokine 2010; 53:263-70. [PMID: 21185200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
iNKT cells, CD1d dependent natural killer T cells are a unique population of T cells. The capacity of iNKT cells to produce regulatory cytokines first provided an indication of their regulatory potential. Later on, in experimental models as well as in patients afflicted with an auto-immune disease, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus along with others, a deficit in iNKT cell number was observed, suggesting the role these cells may possibly have in the prevention of auto-immune diseases. More importantly, experimental strategies which focused on increasing the volume or stimulation of iNKT cells in laboratory animals, demonstrated an improved level of protection against the development of auto-immune diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of protection against autoimmunity by iNKT cells, discusses the obstacles against and indications for the potential use of iNKT cell manipulation in the treatment of human auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Centre of Research for Diabetes, Endocrinological Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Czech Republic.
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37
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Choi SS, Omenetti A, Syn WK, Diehl AM. The role of Hedgehog signaling in fibrogenic liver repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:238-44. [PMID: 21056686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repair of adult liver, like many tissues, involves the coordinated response of a number of different cell types. In adult livers, fibroblastic cells, ductular cells, inflammatory cells, and progenitor cells contribute to this process. Our studies demonstrate that the fates of such cells are dictated, at least in part, by Hedgehog, a fetal morphogenic pathway that was once thought to be active mainly during embryogenesis. Studies of injured adult human and rodent livers demonstrate that injury-related activation of the Hedgehog pathway modulates several important aspects of repair, including the growth of hepatic progenitor populations, hepatic accumulation of myofibroblasts, repair-related inflammatory responses, vascular remodeling, liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings identify the Hedgehog pathway as a potentially important target for biomarker development and therapeutic manipulation, and emphasize the need for further research to advance knowledge about how this pathway is regulated by and interacts with other signals that regulate adult liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve S Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Syn WK, Witek RP, Curbishley SM, Jung Y, Choi SS, Enrich B, Omenetti A, Agboola KM, Fearing CM, Tilg H, Adams DH, Diehl AM. Role for hedgehog pathway in regulating growth and function of invariant NKT cells. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1879-92. [PMID: 19544307 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte accumulation is characteristic of chronic hepatitis, but the mechanisms regulating lymphocyte numbers and their roles in liver disease progression are poorly understood. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates thymic development and lymphopoeisis during embryogenesis, and is activated in fibrosing liver disease in adults. Our objective was to determine if Hh ligands regulate the viability and phenotype of NKT cells, which comprise a substantial sub-population of resident lymphocytes in healthy adult livers and often accumulate during liver fibrosis. The results demonstrate that a mouse invariant NKT cell line (DN32 iNKT cells), mouse primary liver iNKT cells, and human peripheral blood iNKT cells are all responsive to sonic hedgehog (Shh). In cultured iNKT cells, Shh enhances proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, induces activation, and stimulates expression of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine, IL-13. Livers of transgenic mice with an overly active Hh pathway harbor increased numbers of iNKT cells. iNKT cells also express Shh. These results demonstrate that iNKT cells produce and respond to Hh ligands, and that Hh pathway activation regulates the size and cytokine production of liver iNKT cell populations. Therefore, Hh pathway activation may contribute to the local expansion of pro-fibrogenic iNKT cell populations during certain types of fibrosing liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kin Syn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract allows the residence of an almost enumerable number of bacteria. To maintain homeostasis, the mucosal immune system must remain tolerant to the commensal microbiota and eradicate pathogenic bacteria. Aberrant interactions between the mucosal immune cells and the microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we discuss the role of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) in intestinal immunology. NKT cells are a subset of non-conventional T cells recognizing endogenous and/or exogenous glycolipid antigens when presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like antigen-presenting molecules CD1d and MR1. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, NKT cells can rapidly produce various cytokines that have important roles in mucosal immunity. Our understanding of NKT-cell-mediated pathways including the identification of specific antigens is expanding. This knowledge will facilitate the development of NKT cell-based interventions and immune therapies for human intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Middendorp
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Iweala OI, Smith DW, Matharu KS, Sada-Ovalle I, Nguyen DD, Dekruyff RH, Umetsu DT, Behar SM, Nagler CR. Vaccine-induced antibody isotypes are skewed by impaired CD4 T cell and invariant NKT cell effector responses in MyD88-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:2252-60. [PMID: 19620295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The requirement for TLR signaling in the initiation of an Ag-specific Ab response is controversial. In this report we show that a novel OVA-expressing recombinant Salmonella vaccine (Salmonella-OVA) elicits a Th1-biased cell-mediated and serum Ab response upon oral or i.p. immunization of C57BL/6 mice. In MyD88(-/-) mice, Th1-dependent Ab responses are greatly reduced while Th2-dependent Ab isotypes are elevated in response to oral and i.p., but not s.c. footpad, immunization. When the T effector response to oral vaccination is examined we find that activated, adoptively transferred Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells accumulate in the draining lymph nodes, but fail to produce IFN-gamma, in MyD88(-/-) mice. Moreover, CD1d tetramer staining shows that invariant NKT cells are activated in response to oral Salmonella-OVA vaccination in wild-type, but not MyD88(-/-), mice. Treatment with neutralizing Ab to CD1d reduces the OVA-specific Ab response only in MyD88-sufficient wild-type mice, suggesting that both Ag-specific CD4 T cell and invariant NKT cell effector responses to Salmonella-OVA vaccination are MyD88 dependent. Taken together, our data indicate that the type of adaptive immune response generated to this live attenuated vaccine is regulated by both the presence of MyD88-mediated signals and vaccination route, which may have important implications for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye I Iweala
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are newly identified subpopulation of T cells. A new study highlights their developmental pathway and functional features that allow these cells to assume a unique position in the family of unconventional T cells.
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Meresse B, Cerf-Bensussan N. Innate T cell responses in human gut. Semin Immunol 2009; 21:121-9. [PMID: 19231234 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One arm of the gut-associated immune system is represented by a vast collection of T lymphocytes which participate in the subtle interplay between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and maintain homeostasis at the main body external surface. Mounting data are providing exciting new insight into the innate-like mechanisms which enable intestinal T cells to rapidly sense local conditions and which broaden the spectrum of their functions and regulation at this strategic location. Herein we discuss how innate-like T cell recognition by unconventional T cell subsets and expression of innate NK receptors might modulate immune T cell responses in the human normal or diseased intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Meresse
- INSERM U793, Université Paris Descartes, Medical School, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75737 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a treatable and preventable disease state, characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is a current and growing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with the WHO (World Health Organization) projecting that total deaths attributed to COPD will increase by more than 30% in the next 10 years. The pathological hallmarks of COPD are destruction of the lung parenchyma (pulmonary emphysema), inflammation of the central airways (chronic bronchitis) and inflammation of the peripheral airways (respiratory bronchiolitis). The destructive changes and tissue remodelling observed in COPD are a result of complex interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The focus of the present review is directed towards the role of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes, NK (natural killer) cells and NKT cells (NK T-cells). These three classes of killer cell could all play an important part in the pathogenesis of COPD. The observed damage to the pulmonary tissue could be caused in three ways: (i) direct cytotoxic effect against the lung epithelium mediated by the activities of perforin and granzymes, (ii) FasL (Fas ligand)-induced apoptosis and/or (iii) cytokine and chemokine release. The present review considers the role of these killer cells in COPD.
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